Type 2 shuga

• Kutopa
• Kusintha kwamiyendo
• W ludzu
• Zilonda zamkaka m'thupi
• Kuyabwa kwamitundu
• Khungu loyera
• Kuchepetsa bala
• Zowonongeka
• Kuchuluka kwamiyendo
• Chitetezo chochepa
• Njala yokhazikika
• Kufupa kwa mafupa
• Kugona
• Kukokana mu minofu ya ng'ombe
• Pakamwa pakamwa
• Kulemera
• Kukulitsa tsitsi kumaso
• Kukodza pafupipafupi

Matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndiwo mtundu wa matenda, omwe amapezeka oposa 90% ya odwala matenda ashuga. Mosiyana ndi matenda amtundu wa 1, matenda oterewa amachititsa kuti insulin ikane. Izi zikutanthauza kuti maselo amthupi amunthu sakhala ndi timadzi totere.

Zinthu zikuluzikulu zomwe zimatsogolera kukula kwa matendawa kwa ana ndi akulu ndizoperewera zolimbitsa thupi, cholowa cholemetsa komanso kusowa zakudya m'thupi.

Ponena za Symbomatology, sikuti ndi zosiyana ndi mankhwalawa amtundu wa matenda ashuga 1, komabe akatswiri amapeza mawonekedwe angapo, mwachitsanzo, kunenepa. Ndikosatheka kuyerekezera zizindikiritso ndi chithandizo chazokha, chifukwa izi zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu, ndipo imfa siyiyikidwa pambali.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwazidziwitso koyenera kumafuna njira yolumikizira ndipo kumakhala kukhazikitsa mayeso a labotale ndi othandizira, komanso njira zodziwira zochitidwa mwachindunji ndi adotolo.

Njira zamankhwala zochiritsira zimakhala zokhazikika ndipo zimakhazikika pakumwa mankhwala ndikutsatira zakudya zopanda moyo. Komabe, njira zina zochizira matenda amishuga 2 ndizoletsedwa.

Matendawa ndi amtundu wa polyetiological, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda zimakhudza mapangidwe ake nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2 zimafotokozedwa:

• kudziwa ngati ali ndi wachibale aliyense wapamtima. Ngati m'modzi mwa makolo ali ndi nthenda yotere, ndiye kuti kuthekera kwa kukula kwake ndi 40%,
• zosayenera zakudya - ndi mtundu 2 shuga, kuphwanya kagayidwe wa chakudya. Kuchokera pamenepa zimatsata kuti omwe amazunza mbatata ndi shuga, buledi ndi maswiti amakhala kuti akukula. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zimaphatikizaponso kuperewera kwa zakudya zamasamba muzakudya. Ndi chifukwa cha izi kuti kudya ndi kuchiza ndizinthu ziwiri zophatikizika,
• kukhalapo kwa kuchuluka kwa thupi, komwe kunenepa kwambiri ndi mtundu wa visceral. Poterepa, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwamafuta kumachitika m'mimba,
• Kulephera kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kapena kusachita zolimbitsa thupi m'moyo wa munthu - izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa chogwira ntchito, koma amathanso kugwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda oopsa kapena ulesi wamba.
• kukhalapo kwa matenda monga ochepa matenda oopsa - muzochitika izi, kuwerenga kwa tonometer kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa kamvekedwe ka magazi,
• kudya kwambiri, makamaka usiku,
• kuwonongeka kwa kapamba ndi chotupa.

Ngakhale kupezeka kwa zinthu zingapo zomwe zimalimbikitsa chidwi, akatswiri ochokera ku endocrinology amavomereza kuti chitukuko cha matendawa chimadalira insulin. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni oterewa kumazungulira mthupi la munthu, komabe, sikukhudza kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi, chifukwa ma cell amakhala osalabadira kutengera kwake.

Chifukwa chakuti insulini ndiwambiri kuposa momwe imakhalira, odwala ena amakhulupirira kuti mtundu wa 2 shuga umadalira insulin, koma sizili choncho - su amadalira insulini, chifukwa ma insulin receptors omwe amapezeka m'matumbo am'mimba amakhala osagwirizana ndi zovuta zake.

Gulu

Matenda a 2 a shuga ali ndi mitundu ingapo:

• pofika kutsogolo kwa kukana insulini komanso kuchepa kwa insulin,
• Ndi mwayi wamatenda obisika a timadzi timeneti, tomwe timatha kuchitika kapena popanda insulin.

Kutengera magawo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi zovuta, pali:

• kusokonekera kwa magwiridwe antchito,
• chotupa chachikulu cha magazi,
• poizoni pachimake dongosolo.

Matendawa akamakula, amadutsa magulu awiri:

• obisika - akuwonetsa kuti palibe chizindikiro, koma kupezeka kwa ma labotale yophunzira mkodzo ndi magazi a zopatuka zazing'ono,
• kufotokoza - pomwe zizindikiro zamankhwala zimatsogolera kuwonongeka kwakukulu pamunthu.

Magawo otsatirawa a mtundu 2 matenda a shuga amakhalaponso:

• kuwala - Zizindikiro sizimawonetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe aliwonse, koma pali kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa glucose,
• kuopsa kozama - imawerengedwa ngati pali mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino azizindikiro komanso kupatuka kwa mayesedwe kunthawi zonse,
• zolemetsa - imadziwoneka yowonongeka kwambiri mumkhalidwe wa wodwalayo komanso kupezeka kwakukulu kwa zovuta.

Kutengera momwe matenda amapezekera, zimatengera kuti mtundu 2 wa shuga ungachiritsidwe.

Zizindikiro

Zizindikiro za mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda osokoneza bongo ndi zopanda pake ndipo zimafanana kwambiri ndi matenda omwewo. Pazifukwa izi, kuzindikira koyambirira kumakhala kovuta, ndipo kukhazikitsidwa koyenera kumafunikira mayeso osiyanasiyana.

Chifukwa chake, matendawa ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• ludzu losalekeza, lomwe limakakamiza munthu kutenga madzi ambiri mkati,
• kuyabwa kwambiri pakhungu, makamaka, ndi inguinal zone. Izi zikufotokozedwa chifukwa chakuti glucose imayamba kupakidwa limodzi ndi mkodzo, zomwe zimapangitsa khungu la malowa kukhala lotheka kukhumudwitsa,
• kuwonjezeka kwa thupi, pomwe kunenepa kwambiri kumawonedwa - pomwe minofu yamafuta imadziunjikira kumtunda,
• kufuna kutulutsa mkodzo,
• Kuchepetsa kukana kwa chitetezo chathupi - izi zimatsogolera ku mfundo yoti munthu amakhala ndi matenda amtundu osiyanasiyana,
• kugona kosalekeza ndi kutopa,
• kupoleka pang'onopang'ono
• Kusintha kwa mapazi,
• dzanzi lam'munsi.

Kuphatikiza pa chakuti zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa za matenda a shuga 2 zimafotokozedwa, nthawi yamatendawa imachitikanso:

• kukulitsa tsitsi
• mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono achikasu amatulutsa thupi,
• kusokonezeka kwa mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe,
• kusowa kwa kapamba,
• kuchepa kwa mafupa.

Zonenedweratu zonse zamatenda zimadziwika ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amuna, akazi ndi ana.

Ndikofunikira nthawi zonse kukumbukira kuti mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri mwa ana ndi amayi panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati ndiwovuta kwambiri kuposa anthu ena.

Zizindikiro

Ngakhale kuti shuga m'magazi ndi mkodzo amatha kutsimikizika molingana ndi mayeso a zasayansi, kuzindikira kwanu kumaphatikizaponso mayeso othandizira komanso ntchito yaudokotala ndi wodwala.

Kuzindikira koyambirira kumakhala ndi:

• kuphunzira kwa endocrinologist wa mbiri ya moyo komanso mbiri ya zamankhwala osati odwala okha, komanso abale ake, omwe angalole kuti adziwe komwe matendawo adayamba,
• kupenda mokwanira thupi - kuzindikira kupezeka kwa kunenepa kwambiri, kusintha pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba.
• kuyankhulana kokwanira kwa wodwalayo - kuzindikira nthawi yoyamba yomwe imachitika komanso kuopsa kwa zizindikiro mwa akazi ndi abambo.

Laboratory matenda a mtundu 2 matenda a shuga akuphatikizapo:

• kuyezetsa magazi ambiri ndi mkodzo,
• magazi zamankhwala
• zitsanzo zowunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi - chitani izi pamimba yopanda kanthu,
• mayeso omwe amawonetsa kupezeka kwa matupi a shuga ndi ketone mu mkodzo,
• amasanthula C-peptides ndi insulin m'magazi,
• kuyeserera kwa shuga.

Kuti atsimikizire matendawa, komanso kuti adziwe zovuta zake, amayamba kuchita mayeso othandizira:

• Ultrasound ndi MRI
• kusanthula kwamitsempha ya miyendo,
• transcutaneous oximetry,
• pandakopanda
• miyendo yam'munsi,
• EEG wa bongo.

Pambuyo poti ma endocrinologist adatha kufufuza zonse zomwe zimapezeka panthawi yamatendawa, dokotala amatha kujambula njira zothandiza kwambiri za momwe angachitire mtundu wa 2 wodwala mellitus payekhapayekha kwa wodwala aliyense.

Kuthana ndi matendawa kumatheka mothandizidwa ndi njira zotetezera:

• kumwa mankhwala
• kutsatira mankhwala,
• kuchita zolimbitsa thupi koma zolimbitsa thupi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuthamanga kapena kuyenda osaposa ola limodzi katatu pa sabata.

Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo a matenda a shuga 2 ndicholinga chotenga:

• zinthu za m'mimba zomwe zimakulitsa kupanga insulin,
• njira zowonjezera kukhudzidwa kwa maselo ku glucose,
• kukonzekera komwe kumakhala ndi insulin - pokhapokha pokhapokha matendawo atadwala.

Zakudya za matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri zimafunikira kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:

• kupatula kwathunthu maswiti, confectionery ndi ufa pamenyu,
• kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu
• kudya mafuta ochepa kwambiri ochokera kumbewu ndi nyama,
• kudya zakudya zazing'ono, koma kangapo patsiku.

Malangizo ena okhudzana ndi zakudya komanso zopatsa mtundu wa matenda ashuga 2 zitha kuperekedwa ndi adokotala, chifukwa zimatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti sikuli koyenera kuchitira pawokha matenda a shuga a 2 ndi mankhwala wowerengeka - izi zimangokulitsa vutoli.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo

Mavuto a matenda a shuga a 2 amayimiridwa ndi zovuta izi:

• hyperosmolar coma
• lactic acidosis,
• achina,
• myocardial infaration ndi stroke,
• diabetesic ophthalmopathy ndi nephropathy,
• kuwonongeka kwakukulu kapena kufa kwa minofu yapakhungu kumapazi,
• kuchotsa kwam'mimba kapena kukulira kwa kubadwa kwatsopano kwa mwana wosabadwa - izi zimagwira ntchito pazomwe matenda amapangika mwa atsikana oyembekezera.

Kupewa

Njira zodziwika zopewera kukula kwa matenda otere kulibe. Komabe, kupewa matenda ashuga a mtundu 2 kumalimbikitsidwa:

• kukana kwathunthu zosokoneza bongo,
• Zakudya zoyenera komanso zopatsa thanzi,
• kumwa mankhwala okhawo omwe adotchulidwa ndi adotolo,
• magazi ndi mkodzo pafupipafupi
• moyo wokangalika
• Kuthetsa thupi kwambiri
• kukonzekera mosamala mimba
• munthawi yotupa zotupa za kapamba,
• kuyezetsa magazi pafupipafupi.

Kutsatira kwa wodwalayo malamulo onse okhudza kuchiritsa mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga kumatsimikizira kudalirika. Ndi mavuto, zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu alandidwe matenda a shuga 2 sizichitika.