Cholesterol imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chonyamula mafuta achilengedwe a polyunsaturated.

Kuchulukitsa kusakhala kopanda ma molekyulu. Njirayi imachitika kunja komanso mkati mwa intracellularly; Mwanjira imeneyi, kuyendetsa kapena kutsegula kwa cholesterol kumachitika.

Estracellular cholesterol esteration imayambitsa ndi enzyme lecithin cholesterol acetyltransferase (LHAT).

Lecithin + Cholesterol Lysolecin + Cholesterol

Linoleic acid imanyamulidwa makamaka. Ntchito ya enzymatic ya LHAT imalumikizidwa makamaka ndi HDL. Woyambitsa LHAT ndi apo-A-I. Cholesterol ester chochitikacho chimamizidwa mu HDL. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yaulere pamtunda wa HDL kumachepetsedwa motero mawonekedwe akukonzekera kulandira gawo latsopano la cholesterol yaulere, yomwe HDL imatha kuchotsa kuchokera kumtunda wa plasma membrane ya maselo, kuphatikizapo maselo ofiira amwazi. Chifukwa chake, HDL pamodzi ndi LHAT imagwira ntchito ngati mtundu wa "msampha" wa cholesterol.

Kuchokera ku HDL cholesterol esters amasamutsidwa kupita ku VLDL, ndipo kuchokera kumapeto kupita ku LDL. LDL imapangidwa m'chiwindi ndipo imapangidwira pamenepo. HDL imabweretsa cholesterol mu mawonekedwe a esters kwa chiwindi, ndipo imachotsedwa ku chiwindi monga bile acid. Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lotengera kwa LHAT mu plasma, pali cholesterol yaulere yambiri. Odwala omwe akuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, monga lamulo, ntchito zochepa za LHAT komanso cholesterol yaulere yambiri m'madzi am'magazi amawonedwa.

Chifukwa chake, HDL ndi LHAT zikuyimira kachitidwe kamodzi ka kayendedwe ka cholesterol kuchokera kumadzi am'magazi a ziwalo zosiyanasiyana mothandizidwa ndi zigawo zake m'chiwindi.

Cholesterol ya intracellular imawonetsedwa mu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi acyl-CoA cholesterol acetyl transferase (AChAT).

Acyl-CoA + Cholesterol Cholesterol + HSKoA

Kupititsa patsogolo kwa nembanemba ndi cholesterol imayambitsa AHAT.

Zotsatira zake, kupititsa patsogolo kapangidwe ka cholesterol kapena kaphatikizidwe kamodzi kumayendera limodzi ndi kuthamangitsa kwake esterization. Mwa anthu, linoleic acid nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi cholesterol esteration.

Kuwona kwa cholesterol mu cell kuyenera kuganiziridwa monga chochitika chotsatira ndi kudzikundikira kwa steroid mmenemo. Ma cholesterol amchiwindi m'chiwindi atatha kugwiritsa ntchito hydrolysis kupanga ma asidi a bile, ndipo m'magazi a adrenal, mahomoni a steroid.

T.O. LHAT imatsitsa mamina a plasma kuchokera ku cholesterol, ndipo AHAT imatsitsa zina mwa intracellular. Ma enzyme amenewa samachotsa cholesterol m'maselo a thupi, koma amawasamutsa kuchokera ku mawonekedwe amtundu wina, chifukwa chake, gawo la esterization ndi ma hydrolysis ma enzymes a cholesterol esters pakupanga njira za pathological sayenera kukokomeza.

Makhalidwe wamba

• amapangidwa mkati chiwindide novomu plasma magazi pakuwonongeka kwa ma chylomicrons, kuchuluka kwinako khoma matumbo,
• pafupifupi theka la tinthu tating'onoting'ono timapuloteni, phospholipids ina, ena onse ndi cholesterol ndi TAG (50% protein, 25% PL, 7% TAG, 13% cholesterol esters, 5% free cholesterol),
• chachikulu apothecine ndi apo A1muli apoE ndi apoCII.

1. Kutumiza kwa cholesterol yaulere kuchokera ku minofu kupita ku chiwindi.
2. Ma phospholipids a HDL amachokera ku ma polyenoic acids pakupanga ma cell phospholipids ndi eicosanoids.

Cholesterol biosynthesis

Mu 1769, Pouletier de la Sal adalandira kuchokera ku ndulu yoyera yoyera ("mafuta"), yomwe inali ndi katundu wamafuta. Mwanjira yake yoyenera, cholesterol idasankhidwa ndi chemist, membala wa National Convention ndi Minister of Education Antoine Fourcroix mu 1789. Mu 1815, Michel Chevreul, yemwenso adayipatula, adayitcha kuti cholesterol (chole - bile, stereos - solid). Mu 1859, a Marseille Berthelot adatsimikizira kuti cholesterol ndi m'gulu la ma alcohols, kenako French adasinthanso cholesterol kukhala "cholesterol". Muzilankhulo zingapo (Chirasha, Chijeremani, Chihangary ndi zina), dzina lakale - cholesterol - lasungidwa.

Cholesterol biosynthesis edit |