Masamba obayira a insulin

Anthu ambiri odwala matenda ashuga omwe angodwala kumene akudandaula kuti: "Poti kubaya insulin?" Tiyeni tiyese kudziwa izi. Insulin ikhoza kupakidwa pokhapokha m'malo ena:

"Belly zone" - malire a lamba kumanja ndi kumanzere kwa navel ndikusinthira kumbuyo
"Arm arm" - gawo lakunja la mkono kuyambira phewa mpaka m'chiwuno,
"Malo am'miyendo" - kutsogolo kwa ntchafu kuyambira pamphumi mpaka bondo,
"Scapular area" ndi malo achikhalidwe jakisoni (scapular base, kumanja ndi kumanzere kwa msana).

Kinetics ya mayamwidwe a insulin

Onse odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa kuti kugwira ntchito bwino kwa insulin kumatengera malo a jakisoni.

• Kuchokera "insulin" ya insulini imagwira ntchito mwachangu, pafupifupi 90% ya insulin yomwe imayamwa imatengedwa.
• Pafupifupi 70% ya mlingo wothandizidwa umatengedwa kuchokera ku "miyendo" kapena "manja", insulin ikufalikira (kuchita) pang'onopang'ono.
• 30% yokha ya mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito amatha kuyamwa kuchokera ku "scapula", ndipo ndizosatheka kulowetsa mu scapula yokha.

Pansi pa kinetics, insulin imayenera kulowa m'magazi. Tazindikira kale kuti njirayi idalira malo a jakisoni, koma sizokhazo zomwe zimakhudza kuthamanga kwa insulin. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwala a insulin kumatengera zinthu zotsatirazi:

• tsamba la jakisoni
• komwe insulin idachokera (pakhungu pakhungu, kulowa m'mitsempha yamagazi kapena minofu),
• Kutentha kwachilengedwe (kutentha kumawonjezera zochita za insulin, ndipo kuzizira kumachepa),
• kuyambira kutikita minofu (insulin imayamwa mwachangu ndi kukhotetsa khungu),
• kuchulukana kwa malo a insulini (ngati jakisoni wachitika mosabisalira m'malo amodzi, insulin imatha kudzikundikira ndikutsitsa mwadzidzidzi kuchuluka kwa shuga pambuyo masiku angapo),
• kuchokera pa zomwe munthu akuchita mthupi kupita ku mtundu wina wa insulin.

Kodi ndingabayire insulin pati?

Malangizo a odwala matenda ashuga a Mtundu woyamba

1. Ma point abwino a majekeseni ali kumanja ndi kumanzere kwa navel ku mtunda wa zala ziwiri.
2. Sizotheka kugunda nthawi zonse pamalo omwewo, pakati pa mfundo za jakisoni wam'mbuyomu komanso wotsatira ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mtunda wa pafupifupi masentimita 3. Mutha kubwereza jakisoni pafupi ndi mfundo yapitayo pokhapokha masiku atatu.
3. Osanilowetsa insulin pansi pa scapula. Mabakisoni enanso m'mimba, mkono ndi mwendo.
4. Insulin yochepa imabayidwa bwino m'mimba, komanso imakhala nthawi yayitali mkono kapena mwendo.
5. Mutha kubaya insulini ndi cholembera pamalo alionse, koma sizingatheke kuti mugwiritse jakisoni wamba, choncho phunzitsani wina wa abale anu kuti apereke insulin. Kuchokera pazakuchitikira nditha kunena kuti jakisoni wodziyimira pawokha ndikotheka, muyenera kungozolowera ndipo ndi zake.

Phunziro la Kanema:

Zomverera pa jakisoni zitha kukhala zosiyana. Nthawi zina simumva ululu wina uliwonse, ndipo mukayamba kulowa m'mitsempha kapena m'mitsempha wamagazi mumamva kuwawa pang'ono. Mukapanga jakisoni ndi singano yothina, ndiye kuti ululu umawonekeradi ndipo kuphulika kwakung'ono kumatha kupezeka pamalowo.

Mphamvu ya mayamwidwe ndi zochita insulin kutengera malo jakisoni

Popeza jakisoni pansi pa tsamba lanu ndiwosagwira bwino ntchito, nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Malo abwino komanso othandiza kwambiri kwa jakisoni ndi malo omwe ali kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa navel, pamtunda wa zala ziwiri. Komabe, muyenera kukumbukira: simungathe kusisita nthawi zonse m'malo omwewo! Zilonda zam'mimba ndizomwe zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri. Ndikosavuta kuzilowetsa m'mizere yam'mimba, pafupi ndi mbali. Kuboola mkono nkwapweteka. Jakisoni m'mwendo ndiwowonekera kwambiri.

Malowo a jakisoni sangathenso kumamwa, koma mmalo otsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda ndi sopo. Kuti mupeze jakisoni ndi zala zakumanzere, muyenera kukoka khungu pamalo oyenera ndikuyika singano m'munsi mwa khungu ndikuloweka madigiri makumi anayi ndi asanu kapena kumtunda mpaka kumtunda kwa khola. Ndodo ya syringe imakanikizidwa pang'ono. Kenako dikirani masekondi ena asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri (kuwerenga mpaka khumi). Tenga singano ndikupukuta piston kangapo kuti muchotse zatsalira za insulini ndikuyipukuta kuchokera mkatimo ndi mkokomo wamlengalenga. Valani chipewa ndikuyika syringeyo.

Cholembera cha mphira, chomwe chatsekedwa pamwamba pa botolo, sichikuyenera kuchotsedwa. Amubaya ndi syringe ndipo amatenga insulin. Ndi punct iliyonse, syringe imakhala yosalala. Chifukwa chake, tengani singano yolimba ya syringe yamankhwala ndikuboweka nduluyo pakatikati kangapo. Ikani singano ya insulini m'dzenje ili.

Pamaso jakisoni, botolo la insulin liyenera kukunkidwa pakati pa manja kwa masekondi angapo. Kuchita ntchito kumeneku kumafunika kuti pakhale insulini yapakatikati komanso yayitali, chifukwa chowonjezera chimayenera kusakanikirana ndi insulin (imakhazikika). Kuphatikiza apo, insulini idzatentha, ndipo ndibwino kuti mulowetse kutentha.

Zingwe zimapangidwa ndi insulinge kapena cholembera. Kugwiritsa ntchito syringe, sizingakhale bwino kudzibaya nokha mkono. Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito thandizo lakunja. Mutha kudzilimbitsa nokha ndi cholembera m'magawo onsewa popanda thandizo lakunja.

Ndikofunikira kuwona mtunda (masentimita awiri) pakati pa jekeseni wam'mbuyo komanso wotsatira. Kubwereza jakisoni pamalo amodzi kumatheka pokhapokha masiku awiri kapena atatu.

Kuchita bwino kwa insulin kumangotengera malo a jakisoni. Zimatengera kutentha kwa yozungulira: kuzizira kumachepetsa zochitika za insulin, kutentha kumathandizira. Ngati mwapanga majekeseni angapo motsatira malo amodzi, amatha "kudziunjikira" mu minofu ndipo zotsatira zake zimawonekera pambuyo pake, zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kuti mupewe insulin mwachangu, mutha kuchita kupepuka kwa malo a jakisoni.

Syringes za jakisoni zimapangidwa m'mayiko ambiri ndi makampani ambiri. Syringe ya insulin ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi pulasitiki yowoneka bwino, yomwe imakhala ndi magawo anayi: thupi lolimba lokhala ndi chizindikirocho, tsinde losunthika, singano, ndi chipewa chovalidwa. Kumapeto kumodzi kwa ndodo ya piston kumayendera nyumba, ndipo ina ili ndi mtundu wamogwirizira komwe ndodo ndi pisitoni zimasunthira. Singano mumitundu ingapo ya ma syringe imatha kuchotsedwa, mwa ena imalumikizidwa zolimba ndi thupi.

Ma syringes a insulini ndi osabala ndipo amatha kutayidwa. Syringe yokhazikika idapangidwira mililita imodzi ya insulini pozungulira 40 U / ml. Chizindikiro pa syringe thupi chimayikidwa mu insulin mayunitsi, ndi gawo limodzi ndi manambala 5,10,15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40.

Kwa iwo omwe akuyenera kutumikiridwa kamodzi kuposa magawo makumi anayi, pali ma syringe akuluakulu okukulira mamililita awiri ndipo okhala ndi PISCES ya insulin ya nthawi zonse (40 PIECES / ml).

Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito syringe kamodzi kuti musamve kuwawa. Koma syringe yotere imatha kubayidwa katatu kapena kanayi (ngakhale imakhala yofiyira kuchokera ku jakisoni mpaka jekeseni). Pofuna kuti musapweteke, kumangoyamwa pamene syringe ili yakuthwa, kawiri kapena katatu - m'mimba, ndiye - mkono kapena mwendo.

Ma cholembera a syringe adapangidwa koyamba ndi Novo Nordisk. Mtundu woyamba udagulitsidwa mu 1983. Pakadali pano, makampani angapo amatulutsa zolembera zama syringe. Cholembera ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri kuposa syringe. M'mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe ake, amafanana ndi cholembera cha pisitoni chapadera cha inki.

Ma cholembera a syringe ali ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zawo. Ubwino wawo waukulu ndikuti insulini imatha kuperekedwa popanda kusokoneza, kulikonse. Singano ya syringe ndi yopyapyala kuposa singano ya syringe yabwino. Sizikuvulaza khungu.

Nthawi zambiri.

Syringe yotere nthawi zambiri imayikidwa mu bokosi-lofanana ndi cholembera cha kasupe. Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito cholembera - chawonetsedwa mu malangizo.

Vuto lalikulu

Nthawi zambiri, achinyamata amakhala ndi mankhwala a insulin, kuphatikiza ana aang'ono kwambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Popita nthawi, amaphunzira luso lotha kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni ndi chidziwitso chofunikira panjira yoyenera, yoyenera kuyenerera kwa namwino.

Amayi oyembekezera omwe ali ndi vuto la pancreatic amadziwika kuti amakonzekera insulin kwakanthawi. Hyperglycemia yakanthawi, mankhwalawa omwe amafunikira timadzi ta mapuloteni, amatha kupezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena amtundu wa endocrine motsogozedwa ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, odwala amamwa mankhwalawa pakamwa. Kusagwirizana kwa shuga m'magazi ndi kuwonongeka kwaumoyo wa munthu wamkulu (pambuyo pa zaka 45) kumatha kuchitika chifukwa chophwanya kwambiri zakudya komanso kunyalanyaza malangizo a dokotala. Kubwezera m'magazi a shuga kumatha kudwalitsa matenda ake.

Maonekedwe a jakisoni ayenera kusintha chifukwa:

• kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe insulin ndi osiyana,
• Kugwiritsa ntchito malo amodzi kawiri kawiri pamthupi kungayambitse lipodystrophy yam'mimba (kuzimiririka kwa gawo la mafuta pakhungu),
• jakisoni angapo amatha kudziunjikira.

Mafuta omwe amasungidwa mosamala "m'matumbo" a insulin amatha kuwoneka mwadzidzidzi, patatha masiku awiri atabadwa. Mkulu shuga m'magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwopsa kwa hypoglycemia. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu amatulutsa thukuta lozizira, kumverera kwanjala, ndipo manja ake amanjenjemera. Khalidwe lake litha kuponderezedwa,, kapena, kusangalala. Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia zimatha kupezeka mwa anthu osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi shuga wamagazi m'magawo a 2.0-5,5 mmol / L.

Zikatero, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera msanga kuti muchepetse kuyambika kwa hypoglycemic coma. Choyamba muyenera kumwa madzi otsekemera (tiyi, mandimu, juwisi) omwe alibe zotsekemera (mwachitsanzo, aspartame, xylitol). Kenako idyani chakudya chamoto (sangweji, makeke ndi mkaka).

Kubweretsa jakisoni m'thupi la wodwalayo

Kuchita bwino kwa mankhwala a mahomoni m'thupi kumadalira malo omwe amayambitsa. Zingwe za hypoglycemic wothandizira za mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ochitika zimachitika m'malo amodzi. Ndiye ndingabisaliritse kukonzekera insulin?

• Dera loyambirira ndi m'mimba: mchiuno, ndikusunthira kumbuyo, kumanzere ndi kumanzere kwa navel. Imatenga mpaka 90% ya mlingo womwe umayendetsedwa. Khalidwe likuwonekera pang'onopang'ono pazochita za mankhwala, pakatha mphindi 15-30. Peak imachitika pakadutsa ola limodzi. Kubaya jakisoni m'dera lino ndizovuta kwambiri. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amabayirira insulin yayifupi m'mimba mwawo atatha kudya. "Kuchepetsa chizindikiro cha kupweteka, kulumikizana m'mizere yolumikizana, pafupi ndi mbali," - uphungu woterowo nthawi zambiri umaperekedwa ndi endocrinologists kwa odwala awo. Wodwala atatha kudya kapena kupanga jakisoni ndi chakudya, atangodya.
• Gawo lachiwiri ndi manja: gawo lakunja la nthambi yam'mwamba kuyambira phewa mpaka m'chiwuno. Kubaya jakisoni m'derali kuli ndi zabwino zake - ndizosapweteka kwambiri. Koma ndikosavuta kwa wodwalayo kupanga jakisoni m'manja ndi ndudu ya insulin. Pali njira ziwiri zochitira izi: kubaya insulin ndi cholembera kapena kuphunzitsa okondedwa kuperekera jakisoni kwa odwala matenda ashuga.
• Gawo lachitatu ndi miyendo: ntchafu yakunja kuchokera ku inguinal mpaka kulumikizana kwa bondo. Kuchokera m'malo omwe ali miyendo ya thupi, insulin imatengedwa mpaka 75% ya mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa ndikuyamba pang'onopang'ono. Kukhazikika kwa zochita kumachitika m'maola 1.0-1.5. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito jakisoni ndi mankhwala, nthawi yayitali (yowonjezeredwa, yowonjezeredwa nthawi).
• Gawo lachinayi ndi masamba amapewa: ali kumbuyo, pansi pa fupa lomwelo. Chiwerengero cha insulin chosafotokozedwa pamalo opatsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe (30%) ndizotsika kwambiri. Tsamba lamapewa limawerengedwa kuti ndi malo osagwira jakisoni wa insulin.

Malo abwino okhala ndi magwiridwe antchito kwambiri ndi dera la umbilical (pamtunda wa zala ziwiri). Ndikosatheka kukhazikika nthawi zonse m'malo "abwino". Mtunda pakati pa jekeseni lomaliza ndi likubwerali uyenera kukhala wosachepera 3 cm.

Ngati mutsatira malangizowo kuti musambe "kufupikitsika" m'mimba, komanso "kutalika" m'tchafu kapena mkono, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amayenera kupanga jakisoni awiri nthawi imodzi. Odwala omwe amawonetsetsa kuti amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito ma insulin osakanikirana (osakanikirana a Novoropid, Humalog) kapena kuphatikiza pawokha mitundu iwiri ya syringe ndikupanga jakisoni imodzi malo aliwonse. Si ma insulini onse omwe amaloledwa kusakanikirana. Amatha kukhala ofupika komanso apakatikati kuchitapo kanthu.

Njira yolowetsera

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amaphunzira njira zowerengera mkalasi m'masukulu apadera, omwe amapanga dongosolo la endocrinology department. Odwala ocheperako kapena osathandiza amathandizidwa ndi okondedwa awo.

Zochita zazikulu zomwe wodwala amachita ndi izi:

1. Pokonzekera khungu. Tsamba la jakisoni liyenera kukhala loyera. Pukutani, makamaka pakani, khungu silifunikira mowa. Mowa umadziwika kuti umawononga insulini. Ndikokwanira kusamba gawo limodzi ndi madzi ofunda a sopo kapena kusamba (kusamba) kamodzi patsiku.
2. Kukonzekera kwa insulin ("cholembera", syringe, vial). Mankhwalawa akuyenera kuti azikulungika m'manja mwanu kwa masekondi 30. Ndikwabwino kuyiyambitsa yosakanikirana bwino komanso yotentha. Imbani ndikutsimikizira kulondola kwa mlingo.
3. Kuchita jakisoni. Ndi dzanja lanu lamanzere, pangani khungu lanu ndikulowetsa singano m'munsi mwake pakulowa kwa madigiri 45 kapena kumtunda, mutagwira syringe molunjika. Mukatsitsa mankhwalawa, dikirani masekondi 5-7. Mutha kuwerengera mpaka 10.

Kupenyerera ndi zomverera panthawi ya jakisoni

Kwenikweni, zomwe wodwala amakumana nazo ndi jakisoni zimawerengedwa ngati mawonetseredwe amtunduwu. Munthu aliyense ali ndi gawo lolimbana ndi kupwetekedwa mtima.

Pali zowonera ndi zomverera:

• Palibe ululu wocheperako, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti singano yakuthwa kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo sinalowe mu mitsempha yotsiriza,
• ululu wofatsa ungachitike ngati mitsempha igunda
• mawonekedwe a dontho la magazi akuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa capillary (mtsempha wamagazi ochepa),
• kuphulika ndi chifukwa cha singano yoluka.

Singano mu syringe penseli ndi yocheperako kuposa ma insulin, sindivulaza khungu. Kwa odwala ena, kugwiritsa ntchito chomalizachi ndikofunikira pazifukwa zamaganizidwe: pali mlingo wodziyimira pawokha, wowoneka bwino. Hypoglycemic yoyendetsedwa imalowetsedwa osati magazi okha, komanso khungu ndi minofu. Kuti mupewe izi, ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa khungu lanu monga zikuwonekera pachithunzichi.

Kutentha kwachilengedwe (kusamba ofunda), kutikita minofu (kuwoneka mopepuka) kwa malo a jakisoni kungathandizire kuchitapo kanthu kwa insulin. Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa, wodwalayo ayenera kutsimikizira zovuta za shelufu, ndende ndikuzisunga. Mankhwala a shuga sayenera kuzizira. Itha kusungidwa mufiriji pamtunda wa +2 mpaka +8 Celsius. Botolo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pakadali pano, cholembera cha syringe (chotayidwa kapena cholocha dzanja la insulin) ndilokwanira kusunga kutentha.