Sukulu yazaumoyo ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga: Ndi bungwe lotani lomwe limaphunzitsidwa?

Mbiri ya masukulu a shuga

Sukulu yoyamba ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga idakonzedwa ku Portugal kale mu 1923. Kuyambira pano, chitukuko chamtunduwu cha ntchito zachipatala komanso zodzitchinjiriza ndi anthu zidayamba. Sukulu zapadera zamaphunziro a odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga zimapangidwa ndipo zimagwira ntchito m'maiko onse a Europe. Ku Great Britain mu 1934, sukulu ya odwala matenda ashuga idakhazikitsidwa ndi Dr. R.D. Lawrence ndi wodwala wake H.G. Wells. Zotsatira zoyesera zasayansi zokhuza maphunziro a odwala m'masukulu zidapezeka mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 20 ndi L. Miller, J.F. Assal, M. Berger. Kuyambira 1979, gulu lofufuza zamaphunziro a odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga akhala akugwira ntchito ku Europe, omwe adapangidwa mu European Association for the Study of Diabetes.

Ku Kazakhstan mu 1989, kwa nthawi yoyamba, kafukufuku adachitika wokhudzana ndi momwe pulogalamu yachipatala imathandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1, omwe adakhazikitsidwa ku chipatala cha University atchedwa G. Heine ku Germany (pulogalamu ya WHO yalimbikitsa). Zotsatira zakutsatiridwa kwazaka ziwiri, zotsatira zabwino za maphunziro pazachipatala, metabolic ndi medical-social, komanso pazomwe zikuwonetsa mikhalidwe yomwe ikukhudzana ndi matendawa, zidatsimikiziridwa.

Gulu la sukulu "Matenda a shuga"

Sukulu ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga imapangidwa ngati mbali ya chipatala (malo azaumoyo) pazogwira ntchito.
Ntchito ya Sukuluyi imatsogozedwa ndi mutu, woikidwa ndi mutu wa chipatala choyenera. Monga lamulo, iyi ndi endocrinologist (diabetesologist) kapena namwino yemwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba omwe adachita maphunziro apadera. Sukulu iyi muzochita zake imayendetsedwa ndi malamulo a Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, bungwe loyang'anira zaumoyo, pamaziko omwe adapangira:

Maphunziro amachitika molingana ndi dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa mosiyanasiyana m'gulu lililonse la odwala:

1. odwala 1 a shuga,

2. odwala 2 a shuga,

3. odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 alandila insulin,

4. Ana ndi achinyamata, odwala matenda ashuga ndi abale awo,

5. Amayi oyembekezera omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Zolinga za sukulu ya matenda ashuga ndi:

1. Kupereka wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga kuti azitha kusintha moyo wawo pakati pa anthu athanzi,

2. kupewa kukula ndi kupitirira kwa zovuta za matenda a shuga ndi matenda amtima,

3. Kulimbikitsa moyo wathunthu wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga.

Zolinga za sukulu ya matenda ashuga:

1. chilimbikitso cha odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kuti apulumutse

2. kuphunzitsa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga,

3. Kuphunzitsa wodwala mawonekedwe a kukonza pamankhwala osiyanasiyana.

4. Malangizo kwa odwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba omwe aphunzitsidwa ku Chipatala cha Matenda a shuga;

5. Kulangiza achibale a wodwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga pazokhudza kuperewera kwa matenda ashuga 4.4 ..

Malinga ndi ntchitozo, ogwira ntchito zachipatala a Sukulu ya Matenda a shuga agwira ntchito:

1. Kuzindikira wodwala ndi malingaliro okhudzana ndi matenda a shuga komanso zovuta zake,

2. kumudziwitsa wodwala mfundo zamankhwala othandizira,

3. Kuphunzitsa odwala zoyambira za thanzi labwino komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mu shuga,

4. phunzitsani odwala kusamalira phazi,

5. Kuphunzitsa wodwalayo kudziletsa,

6. chilimbikitso cha wodwalayo kuti azitha kukhalabe ndi standardoglycemia, kulemera koyenera komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi 4.5 ..

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Sukulu yaumoyo wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga: ndi chiyani?

Sukulu ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ndi maphunziro a masiku 5 kapena 7, omwe amachitika pamaziko a zachipatala.

Odwala a mibadwo yosiyana amatha kupita ku makalasi, kuyambira kuyambira achinyamata ndi makolo awo ndikutha ndi okalamba.

Kulowa m'makalasi kumafuna kupita kwa dokotala. Odwala amatha kutumizidwa kumisonkhano nthawi imodzi. Ndizovomerezeka kutengera odwala ku maphunziro achiwiri kuti mumvere zowonjezereka.

Popeza anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi ntchito kapena amapita kusukulu, nthawi zambiri masukulu amakhazikitsidwa ndi izi. Chifukwa chake, kusinthasintha kwa makalasi komanso nthawi yomwe maphunziro azikhala ndi maphunziro zimatha kukhala zosiyana.
Odwala omwe ali m'chipatala amatha kumaphunzirira tsiku lililonse kuchipatala.

Nthawi zambiri, zinthu ngati izi zimachitika ngati njira yosinthasintha.

Monga lamulo, m'maphunzirowa, adokotala amakwaniritsa zofunikira zofunikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga mkati mwa masiku 5-7.

Kwa odwala otanganidwa omwe sanalandiridwe kuchipatala, komanso odwala matenda ashuga, omwe matenda awo amadziwika panthawi yoyeserera ndipo sanakwanitse kufikira zowawa, maphunziro a milungu inayi omwe amaperekedwa, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi maphunziro awiri pa sabata.

Ntchito ya sukuluyi idakhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo a Unduna wa Zaumoyo wa Russia, Charter wa bungwe lothandizira zaumoyo pamaziko omwe adapangidwira. Maphunziro ophunzitsira amachitika ndi akatswiri pantchito ya endocrinology - odwala matenda ashuga kapena namwino yemwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba ndipo aphunzitsidwa mwapadera.

Mabungwe ena azachipatala amayeserera kuchita makalasi pa intaneti, ndikupanga mawebusayiti omwe ali ndi zigawo zoyenera. Masamba oterewa akhoza kukhala othandiza kwa iwo omwe alibe mwayi wophunzirira. Zotumizidwanso zambiri zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chidziwitso chachipatala.

Kwa odwala omwe achulukitsa ketoacidosis, matenda opatsirana, kumva kuwonongeka, kumva, kuphunzitsa sikuchitika.

Sukulu ya shuga ya ana omwe ali ndi matenda omwe amadalira insulin

Kuti akwaniritse chenjezo, okonza maphunzirowa amagawaniza dala odwala m'magulu osiyana momwe amakambirana. Izi ndi:

• odwala matenda a shuga 1
• odwala matenda a shuga a 2,
• Odwala a shuga a Type 2 omwe akufuna insulin
• Ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso abale awo.
• amayi oyembekezera omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Chofunika kwambiri mphindi ino ndi kwa ana omwe akuvutika ndi matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba. Popeza odwalawa, chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo, sangathe kudziwa bwino zomwezo, makolo amaloledwa kupita ku makalasi, omwe chidziwitsocho sichofunikira.

Popeza matenda amtunduwu amakhala ovuta, othamanga, komanso amafunika kuwunika momwe zinthu ziliri, maphunziro m'masukulu oterowo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi cholinga chothandiza ophunzira kuti azidziwa zambiri pa zovuta zonse zomwe achinyamata amadwala matenda a shuga amakumana nawo nthawi zambiri.

Zolinga ndi ntchito za bungwe

Cholinga chachikulu chokonzekeretsa sukulu ya matenda ashuga ndikupanga makalasi ofananirako ndikutsimikizira maphunziro a odwala ndikupereka chidziwitso chokwanira.

M'maphunzirowa, odwala amaphunzitsidwa njira zodziletsa, kutha kusintha njira zamankhwala kuti zikhale momwe zilili kale komanso kupewa zovuta za matenda.

Maphunziro amachitika molingana ndi mapulogalamu opangidwa mwapadera, komanso amapereka chiwonetsero chokwanira cha chidziwitso cha odwala omwe amvera chidziwitso. Zoyeserera zomwe zimachitika kusukulu zitha kukhala zamasewera kapena sekondale.

Podzafika pa Marichi 1 chaka chilichonse, sukuluyo imapereka lipoti la zomwe zikuchitika chaka chino kumalo operekera matenda ashuga.

Kodi odwala amaphunzira chiyani mkalasi?

Matenda a shuga amawopa mankhwalawa, ngati moto!

Muyenera kungolemba ...

Sukulu imakhala yokwanira. Mkalasi, odwala amalandila chidziwitso komanso zothandiza. Pokonzekera mayendedwe ophunzirawo, odwala amatha kudziwa zambiri pazokhudza zotsatirazi.

Maluso a jekeseni

Gawoli silimangophunzitsira kugwiritsa ntchito ma syringes ndikuwonetsetsa kuti njirayi siikhala yovomerezeka munjira iliyonse, komanso chidziwitso chokhudza insulini.

Monga mukudziwa, mulingo ndi mtundu wa mankhwalawa amasankhidwa ndi adotolo potengera momwe wodwalayo alili, matenda ake ndi zotsatira zake.

Komabe, wodwalayo amafunikiranso kudziwa kuti insulini imatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zosiyanasiyana (pali mankhwala omwe amatha kuwonetsa pang'onopang'ono komanso kuthamanga). Panthawi yodziwitsa, alendo pasukulupo, mwa zinthu zina, amalandila deta pa malamulo osankha nthawi yanthawi yoyendetsera insulin.

Kupanga Chakudya

Monga mukudziwa, zakudya ndi gawo limodzi la moyo wa odwala matenda ashuga. Popanda kutsatira kwambiri, sizingatheke kukhazikika kwa wodwalayo.

Chifukwa chake, zakudya ndizopatsidwa nthawi zambiri.

Odwala amauzidwa mndandanda wazakudya zovomerezeka ndi zoletsedwa, komanso zothandizira, kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa magazi.

Kuphatikiza apo, odwala amalandila zambiri pazabwino zomwe zakudya zina zimatha kubweretsa m'matumbo, ziwalo zamasomphenya, mitsempha yamagazi ndi mtima wa wodwalayo.

Kusinthidwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga m'gulu

Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika, chifukwa odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse sangathe kukhala ndi moyo wamba motero amakhala otsika.

Kugwira ntchito ndi akatswiri kumalola odwala kuyang'ana vutoli kuchokera kumbali ina ndikumvetsetsa kuti matenda a shuga si matenda, koma moyo wawo.

Komanso, mfundo yomwe iyenera kukambidwa mkalasi nthawi zambiri imakhala funso ngati kuthana ndi mantha a kukomoka komanso chikhalidwe chovuta chamalingaliro chomwe chimapezeka mwa odwala akuluakulu chifukwa chofunikira kusintha zakudya.

Kupewa kwa matenda ashuga komanso zovuta zina

Kupewa kwa zovuta ndi mutu wankhani ina, monga zakudya kapena jakisoni wa insulin.

Odwala amaphunzitsidwa malamulo aukhondo komanso zaukhondo, zofunika kupewetsa phazi la matenda ashuga.

Kuphatikiza apo, mu phunziroli, odwala aphunzira zamankhwala, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo komwe kungapewe kapena kuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zofunika, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa ndi matenda a shuga.

Gwirani ntchito ndi madotolo

Nthawi zambiri, maphunziro kusukuluyi amachitika ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana, aliyense wa iwo omwe amagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi zamankhwala.

Izi zimathandiza kuti njira yodziwitsa wodwala ikhale yayikulu. Koma zinthu sizachilendo pamene maphunziro okwanira kusukulu amaphunzitsidwa ndi wazachipatala mmodzi.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Malizitsani maphunziro asukulu ya shuga mu kanema:

Kupita kusukulu kumalimbikitsidwa aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga. Zomwe zimapezedwa m'makalasi sizingathandize kuti moyo wa wodwala ukhale wabwino, komanso kuwonjezera. Ngati ndi kotheka, wodwalayo amatha kumakhala nawo pafupipafupi monga momwe angafunikire kuti athe kudziwa bwino zinthu komanso maluso ofunikira kuti akhalebe osangalala.

"Adotolo anali kutulutsa shuga osadikirira mayeso"

"Matenda a shuga sadzadikirira sabata," atero a Irina Rybkina, mkulu wa dipatimenti ya ana a chipatala cha a Morozov ana, patebulo lomwe likufotokoza mavuto a ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga (Novembara 13 ku Moscow). - Ngakhale atalandira chithandizo chofufuzira, makolo ena samatsogolera ana kuti ayang'ane kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi awo.Ndipo ngakhale kuti malangizo oterewa m'madokotala azachipatala nthawi zambiri amachedwa kwambiri, osalabadira zomwe akuwona, ”adatero adotowo.

Mwa makolo a ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kafukufuku wina anachitika pomwe anthu oposa 900 adachitapo kanthu. Ndipo:

40% ya milandu, matenda a shuga amapezeka ndikulandiridwa kuchipatala, pomwe kuwonongeka kwakuthwa kumachitika kale.

"Dokotala wa ana, ambulansi yomwe ili pantchito, komanso zipatala za ana awiri am'mzindawo anakana kundikhulupirira kuti mwanayo ali ndi matenda ashuga, anakana kutenga magazi a shuga ndikumubweretsa kwa kholo," Panalibe zilonda zapakhosi, adotolo anali kutulutsa glucose osadikirira kuyezetsa. Zotsatira zake, mudandaula, ”zoterezi zidasiyidwa ndi makolo omwe adatenga nawo gawo pa kafukufukuyu.

Mu 54% ya milandu, kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa matenda oyamba a matenda ashuga kupezeka, mwezi umodzi mpaka iwiri umadutsa, ndipo mu 19% ya milandu, mpaka chaka.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga omwe makolo ayenera kuyang'anira
- ludzu losalekeza
- pafupipafupi pokodza
- Kusintha kopanda tanthauzo
- njala kapena,, kukana chakudya
- kuchepa kwa ntchito, ulesi

Mwazi wamagazi samayesedwa kawirikawiri, nthawi zina dokotala amayambitsa kuwunikira pokhapokha makolo akapitiliza kupempha, atero a Pyotr Rodionov, wamkulu wa gawo la Medicine and Pharmaceuticals ku Government Council of the Russian Federation pankhani zachitukuko.

Pankhaniyi, tikufunika "ntchito yowunikira kwa akatswiri am'kati mwaophunzira anzawo ndi anzawo," adatero Irina Rybkina. A endocrinologists aku Moscow ayamba kale kuchita semina yam'munda kwa ogwira ntchito m'makliniki azigawo, adatero.

Ntchito yofalitsa chidziwitso cha matenda ashuga iyenera kuchitika osati m'makiriniki okha, komanso m'masukulu ophunzitsa, atero Pyotr Rodionov. Malinga ndi iye,

ogwira ntchito zamaphunziro amadziwa zochepa kwambiri za matenda ashuga kotero kuti pasukulu imodzi, makolo adayenera kutsimikizira antchito kuti matendawa sanali opatsirana kwa ana ena.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi matenda a autoimmune omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa kapamba. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimawononga maselo a beta a kapamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonetsero zambiri za insulin zikwaniritsidwe ndikupangitsa kuti shuga ayambe kuchuluka. Thupi silingathe kupanga insulini palokha, choncho jakisoni wa tsiku ndi tsiku amafunika.
Ku Russia, pafupifupi ana 30,000 amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga.

"Osatengera mwana wamasiye"

Chithunzi chochokera ku o-krohe.ru

Kukana kulandira mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ku kindergarten kapena sukulu adakumana ndi 57% ya makolo omwe adawafunsa. Pakadali pano, palibe chifukwa chovomerezeka chotsutsidwa chotere.

"Ngati tiwona malamulo ovomerezeka omwe akuyenera kuwongolera matauni ndi zigawo, ndipo kwa ife ili ndi Lamulo la Maphunziro, ndiye kuti mwayi wokhawo womwe ungasonyezeredwe pamenepo mwana atakanidwa kulowa mgulu la maphunziro: uku ndikosapezeka kwina. Sipangakhale zifukwa zina, "anatero Yevgeny Silyanov, director of the Department of State Policy for Chitetezo cha Ufulu wa Ana mu Unduna wa Zamaphunziro ndi Sayansi ku Russia.

Silyanov adakumbukira kuti malamulo a Meyi a Purezidenti amatanthauza "kupezeka zana limodzi" la ana kuyambira zaka 3 mpaka 7 ndi dongosolo la maphunziro apamwamba.

Palibe paliponse pomwepa: "Kupatula ana olumala," kapena "kupatula ana olumala." Amati pafupifupi 100%, "mkuluyo adatsimikiza.

"Tiyenera kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi mabungwe ophunzira komanso ndi makolo kuti adziwe maufulu omwe ali nawo," anatero Petr Rodionov.

Zingwe zopumira kuchimbudzi ndi panjira yaulemu?

Chithunzi chochokera patsamba la pikabu.ru

Mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe amalowa sukulu kapena mwana waukhanda amakumana ndi mavuto awiri akulu:

- choyambirira, kusowa kwa wogwira ntchito yemwe amatha kuzindikira zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa matenda ake ndikupereka thandizo

- chachiwiri, kusowa kwa zakudya zapadera

Malangizo a Ministry of Health amaika namwino pasukulupo kuti, ngakhale atafuna kuthandiza mwana wodwala matenda ashuga, alibe ufulu wochita izi, atero a Elvira Gustova, Purezidenti wa Moscow Diabetes Association of Diabetes Patients.

“Namwino amatha kupanga mayeso kuchipatala, kupereka mindandanda, kupita ndi ana ku chipatala. Mwana akadwala, amatha kuyimba ambulansi. Chilichonse, "Gustova adauza" Mercy.ru "," Malangizo ake ndi awa: ayenera kupita ndi mwana kuchipatala, kapena ngati mwana wa matenda ashuga afika, ayimbire ambulansi ndikudziwitsa makolo ake. " Kuphatikiza apo, namwino sakhala muofesi yamankhwala yamasukulu tsiku lililonse.

“Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti namwino kusukulu amapatsidwa ufulu wothandizira ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Ofesi ya zamankhwala iyenera kukhala yotseguka mosalekeza, namwino ayenera kukhala ndi ufulu wowunikira, kapena, ngati angathe, iyeyeye kuyeza shuga wamagazi, amapanga mikhalidwe kuti mwana athe kubayira insulin, kapena kumuthandiza ndi jakisoni, kuthandiza ngati hypoglycemia. Izi zikuyenera kukhala chifukwa cha ntchito yomwe namwino yemwe amagwira ntchito muofesi ya sukuluyo, "atero a Elvira Gustova.

"Lili ndi dongosolo la Unduna wa Zaumoyo Nambala 822n" Pavomerezedwa ndi Ndondomeko ya kapangidwe ka zamankhwala kwa ana, kuphatikiza pa maphunziro ndi maphunziro m'masukulu ophunzitsa. " Pali zodziwika bwino ndi zofunikira kwa namwino, ndi malamulo ake antchito. Momwe ndikudziwira, ogwira nawo ntchito ku Unduna wa Zaumoyo akugwira ntchito pakusintha malamulowa. Pali vuto ndi bungwe lothandizidwa ndi zamankhwala m'mabungwe ophunzira, ndipo likufunika kuthana ndi mavuto awo, "atero a Evgeny Silyanov.

"Tikukhulupirira kuti likulu la namwino kapena wogwira ntchito yazaumoyo adzabwezeretsedwa kusukulu, omwe angathandize ana kuwerengera tsiku ndi tsiku ndikupanga jakisoni.

Tikukhulupirira kuti ana azitha kupita kuchipinda chachipatala kuti asadzipange jekeseni mchimbudzi kapena panjira, ”atero a Pyotr Rodionov.

Potsogozedwa ndi Unduna wa Zamaphunziro ndi Sayansi, pulani yapakati pa 2018-2020 idapangidwa, ncholinga "chothana ndi mavuto a ana omwe ali ndi zilema," atero a Evgeny Silyanov. Mwa zina zomwe zaperekedwa mu pulogayi, kukonza kwa zidziwitso komanso pulogalamu yapadera yophunzitsira aphunzitsi imatchulidwa. Makamaka

ophunzitsa ndi aphunzitsi ayenera kukambirana za matenda ashuga ndikuwaphunzitsa chithandizo choyamba kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda.

“Timanyamula chakudya kunyumba”

Chithunzi chochokera pa detki.co.il

Ponena za zakudya, ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amayenera kupita ndi chakudya popanda kugwiritsa ntchito masukulu a masewera. "Timadya chakudya kunyumba," "Sitimadya chakudya cham'mawa, chifukwa chimanga ndi chokoma, chifukwa chomwechi sitimamwa tiyi wopanda shuga ndi compote," akutero makolo. Ngakhale pali zina: "Ngati sitidya kanthu, ndiye kuti chipinda chodyeracho chimasintha chakudya, amakumana nafe."

"Ngati mungayang'ane pa SanPiN yomweyo, ndiye kuti ndime 15.13 ikuti kuloledwa kudya m'malo mwa ana zakudya zomwe sizigwirizana ndi matenda ashuga," anatero a Evgeny Silyanov. "Koma pansi, nkhaniyi yasankhidwa malinga ndi mutu wa bungwe linalake la maphunziro. Kwina akupitako, koma osatero, ”adatero.

Mwachitsanzo, mkuluyu adatchulapo mlanduwu pomwe m'gawo limodzi bungwe lophunzitsa lidasainirana mgwirizano ndi fakitale yazakudya, osapatsa ana awo matenda ashuga.

"Makolo atateteza ufulu wa ana, mkulu wa zamaphunziro atalowererapo, mgwirizanowo udasinthidwa, ndipo chomera chidayamba kukonzekera ndendende chakudya chomwe chikufunika," adatero.

Ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amafunika kuthandizidwa

Chithunzi chojambulidwa kuchokera verywell.com

Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga (76%) amakumana ndi mavuto amisala omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matendawa:

kutopa kwamakhalidwe kuyambira pakufunika kuwunika nthawi zonse zaumoyo, kukhumudwa chifukwa cholephera kusewera masewera ndi ana ena, kudzikayikira komanso kudziona kuti ndi wotsika.

Makolo amafotokozera zifukwa zomwe zinachitikira ana awo motere: "Amakonda kunena kuti chifukwa chiyani zidamuchitikira komanso kuti ndi za moyo", "Manyazi chifukwa anthu amafunika kuyeza chakudya, kuyeza shuga", "Anthu ambiri kuzungulira alibe malingaliro olakwika pazifukwa Matenda (pali malingaliro akuti adadya maswiti ochuluka). "

“Zochitika kumayiko a Azungu zikusonyeza kuti mwana amene ali ndi matenda ashuga choyamba amapita kwa katswiri wa zamaganizidwe, kenako nkuyamba kukhala wodwala, kenako pambuyo pa matenda a endocrinologist. Mdziko lathu, chithandizo chamaganizidwe tsopano ayamba kuperekedwa kwa ana omwe amadalira insulin, "atero a Natalya Lebedeva, Purezidenti wa Be Together Together fund Fund pothandiza ana omwe amadalira insulin ndi amayi apakati.

Wachinyamata watopa ndikuganiza kuti: "Kodi ndingathe kudya apulo?"

Chithunzi chojambulidwa kuchokera pixabay.com

Ana ambiri (68%) amavutika kuti azilamulira pawokha matenda: kuyeza shuga m'magazi, kuwerengetsa mlingo wa insulini ndikuwupereka munthawi yake. "Nthawi zina makolo amakakamizidwa kusiya ntchito kuti athandize mwana yemwe ali pasukulu yasekondale kapena pasukulu ya pulayimale, kuti awerenge mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku," atero a Peter Rodionov.

Ana atakwanitsa zaka 14 atha kusatsatira mwadala zakudya kapena osayang'anira momwe alili.

Wachinyamata yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga "watopa ndi matenda ake, watopa kuyeza shuga m'magazi tsiku lililonse, watopa kuganiza," ndingadye apulo ", chifukwa musanadye chipuwa chodabwitsachi, muyenera kuyeza shuga la magazi ndi kubaya insulin ", Adalemba Irina Rybkina.

Iye ananenanso kuti: “Njira zonse zothandizira anthu odwala matenda ashuga zikufanana padziko lonse lapansi. - Ndalama yabwino kwambiri kwa ana aang'ono, ndipo izi ndi chifukwa cha chisamaliro cha amayi awo.

Ndalama zonyansa kwambiri mwa anthu kuyambira zaka 15 mpaka 25. "Anthu amabwerera kudzalipila zabwino pambuyo pa zaka 40, akazindikira kuti ayenera kudzisamalira."

Popeza patatha zaka 14 mwana sangathebe kudwala matenda ake, funso limayambanso lakuwonjezera kulumala kwa matenda ashuga mpaka zaka 18. Pyotr Rodionov adati malinga ndi zotsatira za tebulo lozungulira, lakonzekera kupita ku Unduna wa Zabwenzi ndi pemphelo kuti liganizirenso zotheka. "Ili ndi matenda osachiritsika, mwatsoka, sapita kulikonse," adatero.

"Tikupempha zotikwanira"

Chithunzi chochokera kwa inuiron.ru

Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, 50% ya mabanja omwe ali ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakhala ndi ndalama zowononga pamwezi zogulira mankhwala ndi zinthu kuyambira 10 mpaka 20 ruble.

"Ana onse ndi achinyamata mdziko lathu amalandira insulin kwaulere," atero Olga Bezlepkina, wachiwiri kwa mkulu wa National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology ya Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Russia. - Palibe zinthu zotere zomwe makolo amagula insulin.

Funso lotsatira ndi zida zodziyang'anira nokha, maulalo oyipa. Pali mulingo wopita kunja komwe gawo limodzi mwa ana amakumana ndi tsiku lililonse. Wachinayi ndi chiyerekezo chapakati chomwe boma limapereka, ndipo mwana samalandira zochepa kuposa izi. Hypothetically, mwana akamakonda kukhala ndi miyezo ya shuga, m'pamenenso timatha kuwongolera matenda a shuga. Koma ngakhale titapatsa mwana magawo 20, samangonunkhira chala chake ndikuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga patsiku 20, ”adatero.

Irina Rybkina anati: "Miyeso inayi idachokera m'mayendedwe apadziko lonse lapansi. - Panali kafukufuku wotere, yemwe amalankhula za kuyesa glucose m'magazi asanadye chilichonse. Pakakhala kusintha kwa mlingo, endocrinologist imafunsanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magawo awiri mutatha kudya, iyi ndiye njira yomwe titha kupewa kukweza kapena kuchepa kwa shuga.

Mwana akadali aang'ono, nthawi zambiri mumayenera kuyeza shuga m'magazi chifukwa mwana sangamve kuchepa kwake ...

Mwina mingolo inayi ndi yokwanira kwa wachinyamata, ndipo mwana wocheperako amafunika kumenyera maulendo asanu ndi atatu patsiku. ”

Monga kafukufuku anawonetsa, ana ambiri alibe mikwingwirima yokwanira yoperekedwa kwaulere. “Kunena kuti tili ndi mayesedwe oyeserera sichoncho. Nthawi iliyonse, tikamabwera kwa akatswiri am'tsogolo, timapempha kuti tidye, "anavomereza motero mayi a Nikita, mnyamata yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga. "Mu matenda athu, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndikuwunika shuga. Kunena zowona, sindikumvetsa momwe mungaperekere chindapusa chabwino ndimiyeso inayi patsiku, "atero mayi wa mwana wina. "M'mwezi woyamba, tinkayeza shuga pafupifupi 15 pa tsiku."

"M'madera, anthu samalandira maulendo anayi oyesa patsiku, amachepetsa," atero Pyotr Rodionov.

- Kutengera zotsatira za tebulo lathu lozungulira, tikatembenukira ku Unduna wa Zaumoyo kuti mupeze zomwe zawonongeka ku Moscow komanso zigawo, kuti tipeze mayeso anayi kumapeto. Zingakhale zofunikira kubwereza malangizo azachipatala ndikuyambitsa njira yosiyanitsira, mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mayeso koyambira ana. ”

Malinga ndi Elvira Gustova, ndikofunikanso kuphatikiza mapampu a insulin omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu Vital and Essential D drug.

“Pampu ndi chithandizo chamakono kwambiri chomwe chimaperekedwa kwaulere. Koma makolo amakakamizidwa kuti amugulire chakudya panjira, ”adalongosola.

Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu 1

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 nthawi zambiri amadziwonekera mwachangu komanso mwachangu, matendawa amakula pafupifupi masiku angapo.

Ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi, wodwalayo atha kudwala mwadzidzidzi ndi kuyamba kudwala matenda ashuga. Pambuyo popimidwa kuchipatala, adotolo amawona matenda a shuga.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba zimatha kusiyanitsidwa:

• Wodwalayo ali ndi ludzu kwambiri, amatsuka mpaka malita asanu amadzi tsiku lililonse.
• Mutha kununkhiza acetone kuchokera mkamwa mwanu.
• Wodwalayo amakhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse ndipo amakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudya, amadya kwambiri, koma, ngakhale izi, amachepa kwambiri.
• Kukoka pafupipafupi komanso mwamphamvu kumawonedwa, makamaka usiku.
• Wodwala amatha kupeza mabala ambiri pakhungu omwe amachiritsidwa kwambiri.
• Nthawi zambiri khungu limatha kuyamwa, matenda am'mimba kapena mawonekedwe a zilonda pakhungu.

Kuphatikiza matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba amatha kuwonekera patatha mwezi umodzi atadwala matenda oopsa a viral mawonekedwe a rubella, chimfine, chikuku kapena matenda ena.

Komanso matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba ngati wodwalayo wakumana ndi zovuta zambiri.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a 2

Matenda amtunduwu samawoneka nthawi yomweyo, amakula pang'onopang'ono zaka zingapo. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umapezeka mwa anthu achikulire, pomwe wodwalayo amatha kuphunzira za matendawo mwangozi.

Wodwala amatha kumva kutopa, mawonekedwe owonongera amakulanso, mabala pakhungu amachiritsa bwino ndipo kukumbukira kumachepa.

Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimatha kudziwika ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri:

1. Maganizo a wodwalayo amachepa, kukumbukira kumakulirakulira, nthawi zambiri amatopa.
2. Zilonda zamtundu uliwonse zimapezeka pakhungu, zomwe zimawoneka ngati kuyabwa kapena matenda a fungus ndipo samachira.
3. Wodwala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ludzu ndipo amatha kumwa mpaka malita asanu amadzimadzi patsiku.
4. Kukoka mobwerezabwereza ndi kuphatikiza usiku.
5. Kudera lamapazi ndi kumapazi, zilonda zimatha kupezeka, miyendo imakhala ikusokosera ndikugunda, zimapweteka kusuntha.
6. Amayi amatha kukumana ndi zovuta, zomwe zimavuta kuzichotsa.
7. Matendawa akayambika, wodwalayo amayamba kuchepa thupi msanga.
8. Woopsa akamadwala, wodwalayo amayamba kuona, kudwala matenda a shuga.
9. Kugunda kwamtima kosayembekezereka kapena stroke kungayambitsenso chitukuko cha matendawa.

Matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndiwowoneka bwino kuti theka la anthu limachitika popanda chizindikiro. Ngati mupeza zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa, muyenera kufunsa dokotala mosachedwa kubwera.

Ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kutopa pafupipafupi, kuchiritsa mabala pakhungu, kusawona bwino komanso kukumbukira, muyenera kuda nkhawa ndikuyesa mayeso a shuga. Izi zichotsa kapena kuzindikira matendawa m'mayambiriro ake.

Matenda a shuga ana

Nthawi zambiri zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda osokoneza bongo mwa mwana zimatengedwa ngati matenda ena, chifukwa chake matendawa samapezeka nthawi yake.

Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo chimayamba madokotala akapeza shuga m'magazi komanso zizindikiro za matenda oopsa a shuga zimawonekera, kuphatikizira matenda a shuga.

Monga lamulo, pakati pa ana ndi achinyamata, mtundu 1 wa shuga umapezeka. Pakalipano, masiku ano pali zochitika pamene mwana ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, nthawi zambiri matenda oterewa amatha kupezeka mwa ana omwe ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa zaka zopitilira 10.

Ndikofunikira kukhala maso ndikukakumana ndi dokotala ngati zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikupezeka mwa ana:

• Mwanayo ali ndi ludzu kwambiri ndipo nthawi zonse amapempha madzi akumwa.
• Kuchepetsa urinary kumatha kupezeka usiku, ngakhale sikunawonedwe.
• Mwanayo mwadzidzidzi komanso mofulumira amachepetsa thupi.
• Kusanza pafupipafupi kumatha kuchitika.
• Mwana sakwiya, samachita bwino pamaphunziro a sukulu.
• Mitundu yonse yamatenda opatsirana imangokhala pakhungu monga zithupsa, barele.
• Atsikana, pa nthawi yakutha msala, thrush nthawi zambiri imapezeka.

Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amapezeka patapita nthawi mwana atayamba kuonetsa zizindikiro za matenda ashuga. Tsoka ilo, pamakhala zochitika zambiri pomwe madokotala amayamba kulandira chithandizo, ngati fungo la acetone limachokera mkamwa, thupi limasowa madzi kapena mwana adwala.

Chifukwa chake, zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa ndi:

1. Kusanza nthawi zonse
2. Thupi limasowa madzi m'thupi kwambiri. Ngakhale izi, mwana amakumana pafupipafupi.
3. Chifukwa cha kuchepa madzi m'thupi, mwana akuchepa, thupi limataya maselo amafuta komanso minofu yambiri.
4. Mwana amapuma modabwitsa - mowirikiza, kawirikawiri, amapumira mofuula kwambiri komanso akupumira kwambiri.
5. Kuchokera mkamwa mumakhala kununkhira kosalekeza kwa asetone.
6. Mwana akhoza kulephera kudziwa, kukhala woopsa, kusokonezeka m'malo.
7. Chifukwa chakugwedezeka, kugunda kwam'malo ndikuwoneka mwamphamvu kwamayendedwe amatha kuwonedwa.

Matenda a shuga m'makanda samapezeka kawirikawiri, koma milandu yanenedwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ana alibe mwayi wolankhula, ndiye kuti sanganene kuti ali ndi ludzu kapena samva bwino.

Popeza makolo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma diapoti, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kuti mwana amapereka mkodzo wambiri kuposa masiku onse.

Pakadali pano, zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda mu makanda zimatha kusiyanitsidwa:

• Ngakhale kuti mwana amadya kwambiri, samalemera, koma, m'malo mwake, amachepetsa thupi msanga.
• Mwanayo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa, akachepetsa ndikumwa madzi.
• Pazinthu zam'mimba, zotupa zazingwe zimapezeka kawirikawiri zomwe sizitha kuchiritsidwa.
• Mkodzo ukatha, buluziyo imayamba kukhala ndi ludzu.
• Ngati mkodzo ugwera pansi, malo owuma amatsalira.

Zizindikiro zowopsa za matenda mu makanda ndikusanza pafupipafupi, kuchepa mphamvu kwa thupi ndi kuledzera.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa matenda ashuga mwa ana asukulu

Mu ana a sukulu ya pulayimale, Zizindikiro zonse zamtundu wanthawi zonse komanso zowopsa zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zimawonedwa. Popeza matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amabisirika ngati matenda ena, zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira pakapita nthawi.

Mwa ana otere, matendawa amatuluka kwambiri komanso osakhazikika.

Panthawi ya matenda ashuga, dokotala nthawi zambiri amawonetsa hypoglycemia. Zizindikiro za izi zimaphatikizapo izi:

• Mwana amakhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse, nthawi zambiri amakhala wosalamulirika.
• Kuphatikiza wophunzirayo, m'malo mwake, atha kukhala owuma, kugona tulo mkalasi kapena nthawi ina iliyonse yachilendo.
• Mwana amakana chakudya nthawi zonse. Mukamayesa kudya maswiti, kusanza kumawonedwa.

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti kupatsa mwana lokoma kumakhala koyenera pokhapokha ngati hypoglycemia yeniyeni. Ngati mukukayikira matenda, muyenera kuyeza shuga lanu lamagazi ndi kukaonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Ngati hypoglycemia ikakhala yoopsa, imatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa ubongo ndi kulumala.

Achichepere ndi achikulire ali ndi zofanana zizindikiro za matenda ashuga. Pakadali pano, pali zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi zaka zomwe ndizofunikira kuziganizira.

Muubwana, matendawa amakhala ndi chitukuko chosalala, mosiyana ndi ana amasukulu ampingo wam'mbuyo ndi ana asukulu zam'makalasi. Gawo loyamba la matendawa limatha miyezi yambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu za matenda ashuga odwala omwe ali ndi zaka zino zimakhala zolakwika chifukwa cha matenda a neurosis kapena matenda aulesi.

Moyeserera uyenera kuchitidwa ngati wachinyamata wadandaula kuti:

1. Kutopa msanga
2. Amamva kufooka pafupipafupi
3. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mutu,
4. Samakwiya
5. Mwana alibe nthawi yamaphunziro a sukulu.

Miyezi ingapo isanayambike zizindikiro za matendawa, mwana amatha kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali ya hypoglycemia. Nthawi yomweyo, wachinyamata samataya mtima komanso samva kukokana, koma akumva kufunika kwakukulu kwa maswiti.

Chochitika chofananachi chikhoza kukhala chiwonetsero cha gawo loyambirira la matendawa pakuwukira kwa chitetezo cha mthupi pama cell a pancreatic beta.

Matendawa asanadziwike okha, wachinyamata amatha kudwala matenda apakhungu nthawi zonse. Ndi ketoacidosis, wodwalayo amatha kumva kupweteka kwambiri pamimba komanso kusanza. Zizindikiro zotere nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolakwika chifukwa cha poyizoni wa m'matumbo kapena pachimake appendicitis, pachifukwa ichi, makolo makamaka amafunafuna thandizo la dokotala.

Makamaka zizindikiro za matendawa zimatha kutha msambo. Izi ndichifukwa choti chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni, mphamvu ya minofu kupita ku insulin imachepa. Komanso, ana amasukulu akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amasankha zakudya, amakana kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikuiwala za kubayira kawiri kawiri insulin mthupi.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a ana awiri

M'masiku amakono, matendawa ndi ocheperako, chifukwa chake mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umapezeka ngakhale mwa ana. Matendawa amapezeka ndi ana onenepa kwambiri opitirira zaka 10.

Gulu lowopsa limaphatikizapo makamaka ana omwe ali ndi metabolic syndrome. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo:

• Kunenepa kwambiri pamimba,
• Matenda oopsa
• Kuwonjezeka kwamagazi a triglycerides ndi cholesterol,
• Mafuta chiwindi.

Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amatha kutha msinkhu, omwe amapezeka wazaka 12-18 kwa anyamata ndi zaka 10-17 kwa atsikana. Matendawa amawonekera pokhapokha ngati pali matenda a shuga pakati pa abale.

Asanu okha mwa odwala achichepere amadandaula chifukwa cha ludzu, kukodza pafupipafupi, kuchepa kwambiri kwa thupi. Achinyamata otsala amawonetsa zizindikiro za matendawa:

1. Kukhalapo kwa matenda aakulu,
2. Kulemera
3. Zovuta kukodza
4. Kuchepetsa kwamitseko.

Monga lamulo, matendawa amapezeka achinyamata akamayesedwa ndi katswiri wazachipatala. Madokotala amalabadira kuchuluka kwa shuga pakuwunika magazi ndi mkodzo.

Kusiyana pakati pa matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwadzidzidzi atayamba kudwala. Wodwala amatha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga kapena acidosis yayikulu. Pankhaniyi, kunenepa kwambiri, monga lamulo, sikumakhala chifukwa cha matendawa.

Komanso matendawa amatha kudzipangitsa kumva ngati wodwala watenga matenda opatsirana. Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kumva kuti ali ndi chidwi chambiri, ludzu, pakamwa lowuma. Kufunika kokodza pafupipafupi nthawi yausiku kukukulira. Nthawi yomweyo, wodwalayo amatha kuchepa thupi msanga komanso mwachangu, amamva kufooka, komanso khungu loyenda.

Nthawi zambiri thupi limatha kuthana ndi matenda opatsirana, chifukwa chomwe matendawa amakhala nthawi yayitali. Mu sabata yoyamba, wodwalayo angaone kuti masomphenyawo awonekera. Ngati matenda a shuga sapezeka pa nthawi yoyenera ndipo chithandizo sichinayambike, chikomokere cha matendawa chimatha kuchitika chifukwa chosowa insulini m'thupi.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umakhudza kukula kwamatenda pang'onopang'ono. Ngati m'mbuyomu tinkakhulupirira kuti ndi anthu achikulire okha omwe akudwala, lero mzerewu ukupindika. Kuphatikiza matenda omwewo kumapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi thupi lochulukirapo.

Wodwala sangathe kuwona kuwonongeka kwa thanzi kwa zaka zingapo. Ngati palibe chithandizo panthawiyi, zovuta mu mtima zimayamba. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga samva kufooka komanso amalephera kukumbukira, amatopa msanga.

Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zotere zimalumikizidwa ndi zaka zokhudzana ndi thupi, ndipo mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umapezeka mosayembekezereka. Kuti muzindikire matendawa munthawi yake, ndikofunikira kumayesedwa nthawi zonse.

Monga lamulo, matenda a shuga amapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi abale omwe ali ndi vuto lofananalo. Komanso matendawa amatha kuonekera limodzi ndi banja lomwe limakonda kunenepa kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza pagulu lachiwopsezo limaphatikizapo azimayi omwe mwana wawo adabadwa wolemera kuposa ma kilogalamu 4, pomwe panthawi ya pakati panali shuga wowonjezera wamagazi.

Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi zomwe zimayambitsa

Kuti mumvetsetse chifukwa chake izi kapena zizindikiro zina za matendawa zimawonetsedwa, ndikofunikira kuganizira mawonekedwe a shuga mwatsatanetsatane.

Udzu wowonjezereka komanso kukodza pafupipafupi kumaonekera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi. Thupi limayesetsa kuchotsa shuga wambiri ndi mkodzo. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri, shuga amatha kuchepetsedwa mu impso. Kuti muchotse, mkodzo wambiri umafunikira - chifukwa chake kufunikira kowonjezereka kwamadzi. Ngati wodwalayo amakonda kupita kuchimbudzi usiku ndikumwa kwambiri - muyenera kulabadira mwapadera izi.

Mu matenda a shuga, fungo lokhazikika la acetone kuchokera mkamwa limamveka nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa chosowa kwambiri insulini kapena kanthu kosagwira, maselo amayamba kubwezeretsedwanso mothandizidwa ndi malo ogulitsa mafuta. Pakusweka kwa mafuta, mapangidwe a matupi a ketone amapezeka, pamtunda waukulu womwe fungo la acetone limapangidwa mkamwa.

Fungo limamveka kwambiri pamene wodwalayo akupuma. Maonekedwe ake poyambilira akuwonetsa kuti mtembowo udamangidwira chakudya chifukwa cha mafuta. Ngati njira zoyenera sizitengedwa munthawi yake komanso kuti mulingo woyenera wa mankhwala a insulin saperekedwe, kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone kumatha kuwonjezeka kwambiri.

Izi, zidzatsogolera kuti thupi lilibe nthawi yodzitetezera komanso acidity yamagazi imasintha. Ngati magazi a HH aposa 7.35-7.45, wodwalayo amatha kumva kuwawa komanso kugona, kuchepa kudya, kumva kunyansidwa komanso kupweteka pang'ono pamimba. Madokotala azindikira matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis.

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala munthu akomoka chifukwa cha matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis. Kupsinjika kotere ndi kowopsa kwambiri, kumatha kubweretsa kulumala kapena ngakhale kufa kwa wodwala.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa kumamvekanso ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amathandizidwa ndi zakudya zamagulu ochepa. M'magazi ndi zimakhala, kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone kumawonjezeka, pamenepo, zizindikiro sizotsika poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa acidity 7.30. Pachifukwa ichi, ngakhale kununkhira kwa acetone, matupi a ketone samakhala ndi poizoni m'thupi.

Ndipo odwala matendawa amachepetsa thupi ndipo amachotsa mafuta owonjezera m'thupi.

Kulakalaka kumachulukirachulukira wodwala matenda ashuga pamene thupi limasowa mu insulin. Ngakhale kuti pali shuga wambiri m'magazi, maselo sawatenga chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin kapena mahomoni omwe alibe mphamvu zolakwika m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, maselo amayamba kufa ndi njala ndikutumiza chizindikiro ku ubongo, chifukwa chake, munthu amakhala ndi chidwi chambiri.

Ngakhale zakudya zoyenera, zimakhala kuti sizingatenge chakudya chokwanira, motero kulakalaka kumatha kupitiliza mpaka insulin ikadzaza.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi kuyabwa pakhungu, amadwala ndi matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, azimayi amakhala otupa. Izi ndichifukwa choti shuga wambiri amamasulidwa chifukwa cha thukuta. Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi amafalikira m'malo otentha, pomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhala njira yayikulu yothandizira zakudya zawo. Mukabwezeretsa shuga m'magazi anu, zovuta za matenda apakhungu zimatha.

Ndizovuta kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga kuchiritsa mabala pakhungu. Cholinga cha izi chimagwirizananso ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Shuga wambiri amakhala ndi poizoni m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi ndi maselo osambitsidwa.

Izi zimachepetsa kuchira. Izi zimapanga malo abwino pakupanga mabakiteriya ndi bowa.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake khungu la azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amayamba kukalamba ndikuyamba kuwonongeka.

Gulu la shuga 1

1. Pobwezera

- Chowerengeredwa ndi mkhalidwe wa matenda ashuga omwe zizindikiro za kagayidwe kazakudya zimayandikana ndi omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino.

- Kulipira. Pakhoza kukhala magawo a kanthawi kochepa a hyperglycemia kapena hypoglycemia, popanda kulumala kwakukulu.

- Kubwezera. Mwazi wamagazi umasiyana kwambiri, ndi machitidwe a hypoglycemic ndi hyperglycemic, mpaka kukula kwa precoma ndi chikomokere. Acetone (matupi a ketone) amawonekera mkodzo.

2. Pakakhala zovuta

- Wopepuka (njira yoyamba kapena shuga yabwino), yomwe ilibe zovuta, zomwe zalongosoledwa pansipa),
- zovuta (pali zovuta zamankhwala ndi / kapena ma neuropathies)

3. Mwa chiyambi

- autoimmune (ma antibodies apezeka ndi ma cell),
- idiopathic (palibe chifukwa chodziwika).

Kugawikaku ndikofunikira kwa asayansi, chifukwa sikukhudza njira zamankhwala.

Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu 1

Zizindikiro zoyambirira zomwe zingasonyeze kukula kwa matenda a shuga >>

1. M ludzu (thupi lomwe lili ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi limafunikira "madzi" a m'magazi, kutsika glycemia, izi zimatheka chifukwa cha kumwa kwambiri, izi zimatchedwa polydipsia).

2. Kuchulukitsa kawirikawiri komanso pafupipafupi, kukodza usiku uliwonse (kudya madzi ambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwa glucose mumkodzo kumathandizira kukodza pamiyeso yayikulu, yachilendo, iyi imatchedwa polyuria).

3. Kulakalaka kwambiri (musaiwale kuti maselo amthupi ali ndi njala chifukwa chake amafunikira zosowa zawo).

4. Kuchepetsa thupi (maselo, osapeza chakudya chamafuta, ayambe kudya pokhapokha mafuta ndi mapuloteni, motero, palibe zomwe zatsala kuti amange ndikusintha minofu, munthu amachepetsa thupi ndi chidwi chambiri ndi ludzu).

5. Khungu ndi michere yam'mimba imakhala youma; madandaulo nthawi zambiri amapangidwa "kuyanika mkamwa".

6. Mkhalidwe wambiri ndi kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito, kufooka, kutopa, minofu ndi mutu (komanso chifukwa cha mphamvu yanjala yamaselo onse).

7. Zikulimbana ndi thukuta, khungu loyenda (mwa akazi, kuyabwa mu perineum nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyamba kuonekera).

8.Kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kofalikira (kuchulukitsa kwa matenda osachiritsika, monga matenda opatsirana a tenillitis, mawonekedwe a thrush, chiwopsezo cha matenda opatsirana pachimake).

9. Kusanza, kusanza, kupweteka kwam'mimba m'chigawo cha epigastric (pansi pamimba).

10. Pakapita nthawi, maonekedwe a zovuta: kuchepa kwa kuwona, kuwonongeka kwa impso, kusokonekera kwa chakudya komanso magazi kukapezekanso m'munsi, kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kuloza mkati mwa miyendo, ndi mapangidwe a autonomic polyneuropathy.

Matendawa:

1. Mwazi wamagazi. Nthawi zambiri, shuga wamagazi ndi 3.3 - 6.1 mmol / L. Mwazi wamagazi amayezedwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu m'magazi a venous kapena capillary (kuchokera pachala). Pofuna kuthana ndi glycemia, magazi amatengedwa kangapo patsiku, awa amatchedwa mbiri ya glycemic.

- M'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu
- Musanayambe kudya
- Patatha maola awiri chakudya chilichonse
- Asanagone
- Pa maola 24,
- Nthawi 3 maola 30 mphindi.

Panthawi yodziwitsa, mbiri ya glycemic imatsimikiziridwa mu chipatala, kenako ndikugwiritsa ntchito popanda glucometer. Glucometer ndi chipangizo chogwiritsa ntchito pakudziyimira pawekha m'magazi a capillary (kuyambira chala). Odwala onse omwe ali ndi shuga yotsimikizika amaperekedwa kwaulere.

2. Msuzi ndi mkodzo wa acetone. Chizindikirochi nthawi zambiri chimayezedwa kuchipatala m'magulu atatu a mkodzo, kapena gawo limodzi mukalowetsedwa kuchipatala pazifukwa zadzidzidzi. Pamaziko a kunja, matupi a shuga ndi ketone mumkodzo amatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe.

3. Glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac). Glycated (glycosylated) hemoglobin imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin yomwe imamangika mosakanikirana ndi mamolekyulu a shuga. Mchitidwe wa glucose womangidwa ku hemoglobin umayenda pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono. Chizindikirochi chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi nthawi zambiri, mosiyana ndi shuga wa m'magazi, omwe akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa glycemia.

Mlingo wa hemoglobin wa glycated ndi 5.6 - 7.0%, ngati chizindikiro ichi ndichipamwamba, ndiye kuti miyezi isanu ndi itatu yaonedwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

4. Kuzindikira zovuta. Popeza muli ndi zovuta zingapo za matenda ashuga, mungafunike kukaonana ndi ophthalmologist (ophthalmologist), nephrologist, urologist, neurologist, opaleshoni, ndiwofotokozera zina zambiri.

Matenda a shuga

Matenda a shuga ndiovuta. Mavuto a hyperglycemia amagawika m'magulu awiri akulu:

1) Angiopathy (zotupa zam'mimba za ma caliber osiyanasiyana)
2) Neuropathies (kuwonongeka kwa mitundu ingapo ya ulusi wamitsempha)

Gawo lina, tidzakambirana za ma comas omwe amakhumudwitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga.

Matenda a shuga Angiopathies

Monga tanena kale, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawononga khoma lamitsempha, komwe kumakhudza kukula kwa microangiopathy (kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazing'ono) ndi macroangiopathy (kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazikulu).

Microangiopathies imaphatikizanso retinopathy (kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazing'ono zamaso), nephropathy (kuwonongeka kwa zida zama impso), komanso kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazing'onoting'ono za ziwalo zina. Zizindikiro zachipatala za microangiopathy zimawonekera pakati pa zaka 10 mpaka 15 za mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga, koma pakhoza kukhala zopatuka kuchokera ku ziwerengero. Ngati matenda ashuga amalipiridwa mokwanira ndipo chithandizo chowonjezereka chanthawi chikuchitika, ndiye kuti kupangidwaku kungathe "kuimitsidwa" kwamuyaya. Palinso milandu yakukhazikika kwa matenda a microangiopathy, atatha zaka 2 - 3 kuchokera ku matenda.

Mwa odwala achichepere, kuwonongeka kwamitsempha kumakhala "odwala matenda ashuga", ndipo kwa okalamba amaphatikizidwa ndi mtima atherosulinosis, yomwe imakulitsa kudwala komanso matendawa.

Morphologically, microangiopathy ndi zotupa zingapo zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono zonse ziwalo ndi minyewa.Khoma lamankhwala limakulirakulira, mapangidwe a hyaline (chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha mapuloteni komanso kulimbana ndi zovuta zina) chimawonekera. Chifukwa cha izi, ziwiya zimataya kubwereza kwawo kwanthenga komanso kusinthasintha, michere ndi mpweya sizilowa m'matimu, minofu imatha ndipo imadwala chifukwa chosowa mpweya komanso michere. Kuphatikiza apo, zombo zomwe zikukhudzidwa zimayamba kukhala zosatetezeka komanso zosalimba. Ziwalo zambiri zimakhudzidwa, monga zanenedwa kale, koma chofunikira kwambiri ndizowonongeka kwa impso ndi retina.

Matenda a shuga ndi nephropathy amawonongeka makamaka m'matumbo a impso, omwe, pang'onopang'ono, amatsogolera pakukula kwa aimpso.

Matenda a shuga a retinopathy amawonongeka mu ziwiya zam'maso zomwe zimapezeka mwa 90% ya odwala matenda ashuga. Izi ndizovuta ndi kulumala kwakukulu kwa odwala. Kukhala wakhungu kumakula nthawi 25 zambiri kuposa kawiri kawiri. Kuyambira 1992, gulu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga latengera:

- non-proliferative (diabetesic retinopathy I): madera amadzimadzi, hemorrhage okhudzana kwambiri ndi retina, edema m'matumba akuluakulu komanso m'dera la kuwala.
- preproliferative retinopathy (matenda ashuga retinopathy II): ma venous anomalies (makulidwe, kusanja, kutchulidwa kosiyana mu mitsempha yamitsempha yamagazi), kuchuluka kwadzaoneni, zotupa zingapo.
- proliferative retinopathy (matenda ashuga retinopathy III): kumera kwa kuwala kwa kuwala kwa m'mimba (mbali ya patsekeke) ndi mbali zina za retina ndi zombo zomwe zangopangika kumene, zotupa kukalowa m'thupi lamphamvu. Zombo zongopangika kumene sizopanga mawonekedwe, zimakhala zofooka kwambiri ndipo ndimatenda obwerezabwereza pamakhala chiopsezo chodumphanso.

Macroangiopathies akuphatikiza kuwonongeka kumunsi kwakutali mpaka kukulira kwa phazi la matenda ashuga (kuwonongeka kwapadera kwa phazi mu matenda osokoneza bongo, omwe amadziwika ndi kupanga kwa zilonda zam'mimba komanso kufalikira kwamatenda owopsa).

Macroangiopathy mu matenda a shuga amakula pang'onopang'ono, koma pang'onopang'ono. Poyamba, wodwalayo amakhala ndi nkhawa chifukwa cha kufooka kwa minofu, kuzizira kwa miyendo, dzanzi komanso kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa miyendo, kutuluka thukuta. Kenako, kuzizira kwina ndi kuzindikirika kwa miyendo kwadziwika, kuwonongeka kwa msomali kumadziwika (kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi ndi kuwonjezera kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a bacteria ndi fungus). Kupweteka kosaletseka kwa minofu, kusokonezeka kwa ntchito yolumikizana, kupweteka kwam'mimba, kukokana ndi kukomoka kwapakati kumasokoneza pamene mkhalidwe ukupita patsogolo. Izi zimatchedwa phazi la matenda ashuga. Chithandizo chokhacho chokhazikika komanso kudziwunikira mosamala kungachepetse njirayi.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya macroangiopathy:

Gawo 0: palibe kuwonongeka pakhungu.
Gawo 1: zolakwika zazing'ono pakhungu, zopangika zokhala patali, sizinatchulidwe zotupa.
Gawo lachiwiri: zotupa zapakhungu zozama, pamakhala zotupa. Mumakonda kukula kwa chotupa mwakuya.
Gawo lachitatu: zotupa za pakhungu, zilonda zamatumbo akulu pamiyendo yam'munsi, mulingo wambiri wa zovuta zotupa, ndikuwonjezera matenda, edema, mapangidwe a abscesses ndi foci ya osteomyelitis.
Gawo 4: gangrene chala chimodzi kapena zingapo, chocheperako nthawi zambiri chimayamba osati kuchokera ku zala, koma kuyambira phazi (nthawi zambiri dera lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi kukhudzidwa limakhudzidwa, kufalikira kwa magazi kumasokonekera ndipo malo opangira minyewa amapangidwira, mwachitsanzo, malo a chidendene).
Gawo 5: gangrene amakhudza kwambiri mapazi, kapena phazi kwathunthu.

Vutoli limakhala lovuta chifukwa chakuti polyneuropathy imayamba pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo ndi angiopathy. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo nthawi zambiri samamva kupweteka ndipo amauza dokotala mochedwa.Kukhazikika kwa chotupa pachokhomapo, chidendene chimathandizira pamenepa, popeza sichiwonetsero chodziwikiratu (wodwalayo, monga lamulo, sangayang'anitse mosamala ma soles ngati alibe nkhawa komanso palibe ululu).

Neuropathy

Matenda a shuga amakhudzanso mitsempha yotumphukira, yomwe imadziwika ndi zovuta m'matumbo ndi ntchito yamanjenje.

Matenda a diabetesic polyneuropathy amawonongeka pamitsempha chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nembanemba yawo. Mitsempha ya mitsempha imakhala ndi myelin (membrane cell cell wokhala ndi zinthu ngati 75% zamafuta, 25% ya mapuloteni), omwe amawonongeka pamene apezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nembanemba, mitsempha imayamba kutaya pang'onopang'ono kuthekera kwake kuchita zoyeserera zamagetsi. Ndipo imatha kufa konse.

Kukula ndi kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga a polyneuropathy kumatengera kutalika kwa matendawa, kuchuluka kwa chipepeso ndi kupezeka kwa matenda olimba. Ndi matenda a shuga opitilira zaka 5, polyneuropathy imachitika mwa anthu 15% okha, ndipo ndikatenga zaka 30, kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi polyneuropathy kufika 90%.

Mwachidule, polyneuropathy imawonetsedwa ndi kuphwanya kwamphamvu (kutentha ndi kupweteka), kenako ntchito yamagalimoto.

Autonomic polyneuropathy ndi mtundu wina wapadera wa matenda ashuga, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yodziyimira payokha, yomwe imayang'anira ntchito zamtima, matenda amtundu wamkati komanso m'mimba.

Vuto la matenda ashuga odwala matenda ashuga, wodwalayo amawopsezedwa ndikusokonekera kwa mitsempha komanso ischemia (myocardial oxygen tlala), yomwe imayamba mosayembekezereka. Ndipo, zomwe zimakhala zoyipa kwambiri, wodwalayo nthawi zambiri samamva kupweteka mumtima, chifukwa kumva kumachititsanso chidwi. Kupsinjika koteroko kwa shuga kumawopseza kufa mwadzidzidzi kwamtima, njira yovutitsa yamkati yam'maso, komanso kukula kwa arrhythmias.

Matenda a shuga (amatchedwanso dysmetabolic) kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo la kugaya chakudya kumawonetsedwa ndi matumbo osafunikira, kudzimbidwa, kuphulika, chakudya cham'mimba, mayamwidwe ake amachepetsa, zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta kuthana ndi shuga.

Kuwonongeka pamtunda wa kwamikodzo kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa minofu yosalala ya ureters ndi urethra, komwe kumayambitsa kukoka kwamkodzo, matenda omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi ndipo nthawi zambiri matendawa amafalikira, zomwe zimakhudza impso.

Mwa amuna, motsutsana ndi mbiri yakale ya matenda ashuga, kusokonekera kwa erectile kumatha kuchitika, mwa akazi - dyspareunia (kugonana kowawa komanso kovuta).

Mpaka pano, funso lazomwe chimayambitsa vuto la mitsempha kapena kuwonongeka kwa mtima silinathe. Ofufuza ena amati kuperewera kwa mtima kumabweretsa mitsempha ya m'mimba ndipo izi zimatsogolera ku polyneuropathy. Gawo lina likuti kuphwanya kwamkati pamitsempha yamagazi kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa khoma lamitsempha. Mwambiri, chowonadi chiri pakati pena.

Coma yowonongeka kwa matenda amtundu wa 1 mitundu ya 4:

- hyperglycemic chikomokere (kutaya chikumbumtima motsutsana ndi maziko a shuga wowonjezera wamagazi)
- ketoacidotic coma (chikomokere chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone m'thupi)
- lactacidic chikomokoma (chifukwa cha kuledzera kwa thupi ndi mkaka wa m'mawere)
- hypoglycemic coma (chikomokere kutsutsana ndi kutsika kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi)

Iliyonse mwa mndandanda womwe walembedwayo umafunika thandizo mwachangu onse panthawi yothandizira komanso kuthandizirana, ndikuthandizira kuchipatala. Chithandizo cha mtundu uliwonse ndi chosiyana ndipo chimasankhidwa malinga ndi momwe matenda awonekera, mbiri yake komanso kuopsa kwa vutoli. Matendawa amakhalanso osiyana pamikhalidwe iliyonse.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1 ndikuyambitsa insulini kuchokera kunja, ndiye kuti, kulowa m'malo mwake kwa ma hormone omwe sanapangidwe.

Ma insulin ndi ofupika, a ultrashort, autali komanso osakhalitsa.Monga lamulo, kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala afupiafupi / owonjezera-lalifupi ndi lalitali / lalitali kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Palinso mankhwala osakanikirana (kuphatikiza kwa insulin yayifupi komanso yayitali mu syringe imodzi).

Mankhwala a Ultrashort (apidra, humalog, novorapid), amayamba kuchita mphindi 1 mpaka 20. Kuchuluka kwa zotsatira pambuyo pa ola limodzi, kutalika kwa nthawiyo ndi maola 3 mpaka 5.

Mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito mwachidule (Insuman, Actrapid, Humulinregular) amayamba kuchita pakati pa theka la ola, zotsatira zoyenera pambuyo pa maola 2 - 4, kutalika kwa maola 6 - 8 maola.

Mankhwala a nthawi yayitali (Insuman, Humulin NPH, Insulatard) amayamba kugwira ntchito atatha ola limodzi, mphamvu yayikulu imachitika pambuyo pa maola 4 - 12, nthawi yayitali ndi maola 16 - 24.

Kukonzekera kwa nthawi yayitali (nthawi yayitali) (lantus, levemir) kumachitika chimodzimodzi kwa maola 24. Amalandira kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku.

Mankhwala osakanikirana (InsumanKombi 25, Mikstard 30, Humulin M3, NovoMiks 30, HumalogMiks 25, HumalogMiks 50) nawonso amatumizidwa 1 kapena 2 kawiri pa tsiku.

Monga lamulo, mitundu iwiri ya insulin ya nthawi zina imaphatikizidwa mu dongosolo la mankhwalawa. Kuphatikiza kumeneku kumapangidwira kuti ikwaniritse zosowa zamthupi mu insulin masana.

Mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali amapereka m'malo mwa insulin yawoyake, ndiye kuti, mulingo womwe umakhalapo mwa anthu ngakhale pakalibe chakudya. Jekeseni wa insulin zokulitsidwa amachita kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku.

Mankhwala ochita kupanga mwachidule amapangidwira kuti azikwaniritsa zofunika za insulin panthawi yakudya. Jekeseni zimachitika pafupifupi 3 pa tsiku, pamaso chakudya. Mtundu uliwonse wa insulin uli ndi njira yake yoyendetsera, mankhwalawa amayamba kuchita pambuyo pa mphindi 5, ena pambuyo pa 30.

Komanso masana kumatha kukhala ndi majekeseni ena owonjezera a insulin (amatchedwa "jabs" pamalankhulidwe wamba). Kufunika kumeneku kumakhalapo pakudya kolakwika, kuchuluka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi, kapena kudziletsa kuwulula shuga.

Jakisoni amapangidwa mwina ndi insulin kapena pampu. Pali makina ojambulidwa ojambulidwa omwe amavala thupi nthawi zonse zovala, kuyezetsa magazi ndi kubayidwa muyezo wa insulin - awa ndi zida zomwe amati "zapamba pancreas".

Kuwerengera Mlingo kumachitika ndi dokotala - endocrinologist. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa chiphuphu chosakwanira chimawopseza zovuta zambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulini kumapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi, mpaka kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic.

Pochiza matenda ashuga, ndizosatheka kutchulanso chakudyacho, chifukwa popanda zoletsa zam'magazi simudzakhala chindapusa chokwanira chifukwa cha matendawa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pamakhala chiopsezo cha moyo ndipo kukulira kwa zovuta kumathandizira.

Mtundu wa 1 shuga wodwala

1. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi, osachepera 6 pa tsiku. Kawiri pa tsiku ayenera kukhala chakudya chama protein.

2. Kuletsa kwa chakudya zamafuta pafupifupi magalamu 250 patsiku, zopatsa mphamvu zamafuta sizimaphatikizidwa kwathunthu.

3.Kudya mokwanira mapuloteni, mafuta, mavitamini ndi zinthu zina.

Zopangira: masamba abwino (kaloti, beets, kabichi, nkhaka, phwetekere), zitsamba zatsopano (katsabola, parsley), nyemba (mphodza, nyemba, nandolo), mbewu zonse za tirigu (barele, mpunga wa bulauni, chinangwa, mtedza) zipatso ndi zipatso (osati zotsekemera, mwachitsanzo, ma plums, mphesa, maapulo wobiriwira, ma jamu, ma currants), msuzi wamasamba, okroshka, zakudya zamkaka, nyama yochepa mafuta ndi nsomba, nsomba zam'madzi (shrimp, mussels), mazira (nkhuku, zinziri), mafuta a polyunsaturated (dzungu ndi mpendadzuwa, maolivi, mafuta a azitona), madzi amchere, osapezekanso tiyi, msuzi wa duwa lakuthengo.

Zochulukirapo: zipatso zouma (kuzikhathamiritsa m'madzi kwa mphindi 20 mpaka 30), zipatso kuchokera ku zipatso ndi zipatso (zosaposa chikho 1 patsiku), zipatso zotsekemera ndi zipatso (nthochi, mapeyala, sitiroberi, mapichesi ndi ena, zochuluka Chidutswa chimodzi kapena zipatso zingapo pamitundu ingapo, kupatula mphesa, zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga komanso nthawi yomweyo ndimakulitsa shuga wamagazi, motero ndikosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito).

Choletsedwa: maswiti ndi confectionery (makeke, makeke, ma suples, maswiti, maswiti), nyama yamafuta ndi nsomba, zinthu zamkaka zamafuta kwambiri, zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi ndi zosefukira ndi timadzi tokoma, nyama zotsekemera, zakudya zam'chitini, zakudya zosavuta, mikate yoyera ndi ophika buledi zogulitsa, maphunziro oyamba mumsuzi wamafuta kapena wokometsedwa ndi zonona, kirimu wowawasa, mitundu yonse ya mowa, zokometsera zotentha ndi zonunkhira (mpiru, horseradish, tsabola wofiira), ketchup, mayonesi ndi msuzi wina wamafuta.

Ngakhale zakudya zovomerezeka siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosaganizira. Gome la magawo a mkate lakhazikitsidwa kuti lipange dongosolo la zakudya.

Bread Units (XE) ndi mtundu wa "muyezo" wowerengera mafuta owonjezera. M'mabukuwo muli zisonyezo za magawo okhuthala, chakudya chamthupi, magawo olowa m'malo - izi ndi zofanana. 1 XE ndi pafupifupi magalamu 10 mpaka 12 a chakudya. 1 XE imakhala mu chidutswa cha mkate wolemera magalamu 25 (kudula wosanjikiza 1 cm kuchokera mkate wamba ndikudula pakati, monga mkate nthawi zambiri umadulidwa m'zipinda zodyeramo). Zinthu zonse zopatsa mphamvu kwa odwala matenda ashuga zimayezedwa m'magawo a mkate, pali matebulo apadera owerengera (chilichonse chimakhala ndi "kulemera" kwake mu XE). XE imawonetsedwa pamaphukusi omwe ali ndi zakudya zapadera za odwala matenda ashuga. Kuwerengera kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatengera kuchuluka kwa ma XE omwe amwedwa.

Sukulu yazaumoyo ndi chiani?

Sukulu ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi maphunziro omwe amakhala ndimisonkhano isanu kapena isanu ndi iwiri, yomwe imachitika pamaziko azachipatala komanso kupewa. Aliyense akhoza kuwayendera, ngakhale atakhala zaka zingati, kaya ndi mwana kapena munthu wokalamba, kuwonjezera apo, kwaulere. Zomwe muyenera kukhala nanu ndikuchokera kwa dokotala. Mayendedwe ophunzirira akhoza kukhala nthawi imodzi kapena njira yobwereza-bwereza kuti mumvetse bwino zambiri.

Chifukwa chakuti ambiri odwala matenda ashuga akalemba ntchito kapena kuphunzira, mabungwe otere amapanga boma lawo la ntchito poganizira izi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kutalika kwa maphunziro ndi kuchuluka kwa makalasi ku Moscow ndi mizinda ina yaku Russia ndikosiyana.

Odwala omwe akumalandira chithandizo chamankhwala amatha kulandira zokambirana limodzi. Munthawi imeneyi, adokotala amakwanitsa kupereka zidziwitso zonse zofunika kwa odwala matenda ashuga mu sabata limodzi. Kwa odwala omwe amagonekedwa m'chipatala, komanso kwa iwo omwe matenda awo amatha kuzindikira pakapita nthawi, maphunziro a pamwezi awiri pamlungu amachitika.

Zolinga zophunzirira komanso magawo

Maziko a sukulu ya odwala matenda ashuga ndi zochita za Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Russia, komanso Charter of Health. Misonkhano imachitidwa ndi ma endocrinologists kapena namwino yemwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba omwe adaphunzitsidwa izi. Mabungwe ena amachita makalasi apa intaneti pamawebusayiti awo ovomerezeka. Masamba oterewa amapangidwira anthu omwe sangathe kupita kumaphunziro a gulu. Komanso chidziwitsochi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati lingaliro lazachipatala.

Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kulumikizana kwa chidziwitso, odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la mtundu 1 komanso mtundu wa 2 shuga amawagawa m'magulu a sukuluyi m'malo otsatirawa:

• odwala 1 matenda a shuga
• odwala 2 matenda ashuga
• Odwala a shuga a Type II omwe akufuna insulin
• ana odwala matenda ashuga ndi abale awo,
• woyembekezera ndi matenda ashuga.

Sukulu ya matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba ndiyofunika kwa ana, popeza nthenda yamtunduwu imakhala yovuta kwambiri ndipo imafunikira kuwongolera kwapadera zinthu. Koma chifukwa choti odwala ang'onoang'ono sangathe kudziwa bwino zomwe amaphunzirazo, makolo awo amatha kupezeka pamaphunzirowo.

Cholinga chachikulu cha School of Diabetes Health ndikupereka odwala chidziwitso chothandiza. Phunziro lililonse, odwala amaphunzitsidwa njira zopewera kupitiliza, njira zodziyang'anira, kuthekera kophatikiza njira zochizira ndi ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku komanso nkhawa.

Maphunzirowa akufanana ndi pulogalamu yapadera yomwe imapereka kuwongolera pazomwe mwaphunzira.Kuzungulira konse kungakhale koyambirira kapena kwachiwiri. Chaka chilichonse pa woyamba wa Marichi, sukulu iliyonse ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatumiza lipoti kumalo osungirako shuga, zomwe zimatithandizira kuwunika zomwe zikuchitika nthawi imeneyi.

Kuchita maphunziro ngati amenewa kumakhala kokwanira. M'maphunzirowa, odwala samangopatsidwa zidziwitso zokha, komanso amaphunzitsidwa kuchita. Pophunzira, odwala amapeza chidziwitso pazinthu zotsatirazi:

• malingaliro ofala okhudza matenda ashuga
• maluso a insulin
• kudya
• kusintha pagulu,
• kupewa mavuto.

Nkhani yoyambira

Chinsinsi cha nkhani yoyamba ndikuwadziwa odwala ndi matendawa komanso zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikachitike.

Matenda a shuga amayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi. Koma ngati muphunzira kusunga kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndiye kuti simungathe kupewa zovuta, komanso kuti musinthe matendawa kuti mukhale ndi moyo wapadera, womwe udzasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga.

Kudalira insulini ndiye mtundu woyamba. Aloleni anthu omwe insulin m'magazi amapangidwa osakwanira. Nthawi zambiri amakula mwa ana ndi achinyamata. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo ayenera kulandira tsiku lililonse insulin kuchokera ku jakisoni.

Osadalira insulin ndiye mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, omwe amatha kuchitika ngakhale insulini ikachuluka, koma sikokwanira kuyeza shuga. Amakula mwa anthu akulu msinkhu ndipo amalumikizidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Nthawi zina, pakutha kwa zizindikiro, ndikokwanira kumangogwiritsa ntchito zakudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Maselo a munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakhala ndi vuto la kusowa mphamvu, chifukwa glucose ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu la chamoyo chonse. Komabe, imatha kulowa mu cell kokha mothandizidwa ndi insulin (mahomoni apuloteni omwe amapangidwa ndi maselo a pancreatic).

Mwa munthu wathanzi, insulini imalowa m'magazi mulingo woyenera. Ndi shuga wowonjezereka, chitsulo chimatulutsa insulini yambiri, pomwe kutsika kwake kumatulutsa pang'ono. Kwa anthu omwe alibe matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga (pamimba yopanda kanthu) kumayambira pa 3,3 mmol / L mpaka 5.5 mmol / L.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin ndi matenda opatsira ma virus. Kachilombokaakalowa mthupi, ma antibodies amapangidwa. Koma zimachitika kuti amapitiliza kugwira ntchito yawo ngakhale chitachitika chiwonongeko chokwanira cha matupi achilendo. Chifukwa chake ma antibodies amayamba kuukira ma cell awo a pancreatic. Zotsatira zake, zimafa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulin kumachepa, ndipo matenda a shuga amakula.

Mwa anthu odwala, chitsulo sichimatulutsa insulini, chifukwa glucose samatha kulowa m'maselo ndipo amakhala ndi magazi. Munthu amayamba kuchepa thupi msanga, amakhala ndi pakamwa pokhazikika komanso akumva ludzu. Kuti muchepetse chizindikiro ichi, insulini iyenera kuperekedwa.

Chinsinsi cha insulin

Chinsinsi cha nkhani yachiwiri sikungophunzitsa kugwiritsa ntchito syringes molondola, komanso kufotokozera zambiri za insulin. Wodwala ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti insulin ndi mtundu wina ndi kuchitapo kanthu.

Masiku ano, nkhumba ndi ng'ombe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pali waumunthu, womwe umapezeka ndikuchotsa majini amunthu mu DNA ya bakiteriya. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti posintha mtundu wa insulin, momwe mlingo wake umasinthira, chifukwa chake izi zimachitika pokhapokha poyang'aniridwa ndi adokotala.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsedwa, mankhwalawa ndi: osakhazikika, oyengeka a mono- ndi multicomponent. Ndikofunikira kuwerengera mulingo woyenera ndikugawa tsiku.

Malinga ndi nthawi ya insulin ndi:

• Chachidule - chomveka pambuyo mphindi 15 kwa maola 3-4. Mwachitsanzo, Insuman Rapid, Berlinsulin Normal, Actrapid.
• Yapakatikati - imayamba kuchita pambuyo pa mphindi 90, ndipo imatha maola 7-8. Pakati pawo: Semilong ndi Semilent.
• Kutalika - zotsatira zimachitika pambuyo maola 4 ndipo zimatha pafupifupi maola 13. Zina mwa insulin zoterezi ndi Homofan, Humulin, Monotard, Insuman-Bazal, Protafan.
• Kutalika kokwanira - yambani kugwira ntchito maola 7, ndi kutha pambuyo pa maola 24.Izi zikuphatikizapo Ultralente, Ultralong, Ultratard.
• Multi-peak ndi chisakanizo cha insulin yayifupi komanso yayitali mu botolo limodzi. Chitsanzo cha mankhwalawa ndi Mikstard (10% / 90%), Insuman comb (20% / 80%) ndi ena.

Mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito mwachidule amasiyana ndi mawonekedwe a nthawi yayitali, amawonekera. Chosiyana ndi insulin B, ngakhale ichitike kwa nthawi yayitali, koma osati kwamtambo, koma chowonekera.

Zikondwererozi nthawi zonse zimatulutsa insulin. Kuti muchepetse ntchito yake, muyenera kuphatikiza ma insulin afupikitsa ndi aatali kuphatikiza: woyamba ndi chakudya chilichonse, wachiwiri kawiri patsiku. Mlingo ndi munthu payekha ndipo ndi wololedwa ndi dokotala.

Pamaphunzirowa, odwala amaphatikizidwanso kumalamulo osungira insulin. Muyenera kuyisunga mufiriji pansi, kuti mankhwalawo asazizire. Botolo lotseguka limasungidwa m'chipindacho. Jakisoni amawalowetsa pansi pakhungu pakhungu, mkono, m'mimba kapena pansi pa phewa. Kuthamanga kofulumira kwambiri - ndi jakisoni m'mimba, osachedwa - ntchafu.

Mfundo ya zakudya

Phunziro lotsatira ndikunena za zakudya. Zinthu zonse zimakhala ndi mchere wamchere, michere, mapuloteni ndi mafuta, madzi, mavitamini. Koma mafuta okhaokha omwe amatha kuwonjezera shuga. Ndipo izi zikuyenera kukumbukiridwa. Amagawidwa kukhala osagaya komanso kukumba. Zakale sizitha kukweza shuga.

Ponena za kugaya, amagawidwa m'magawo osavuta omwe amatha kupukusa mosavuta komanso amakoma, komanso zovuta kugaya.

Odwala ayenera kuphunzira kusiyanitsa mitundu ya chakudya, komanso kumvetsetsa momwe amathandizidwira. Chifukwa cha ichi pali lingaliro la XE - mkate mkate. Chimodzi mwazinthu zoterezi ndi 10-12 g ya zakudya. Ngati insulini simalipira 1 XE, ndiye kuti shuga imakwera ndi 1.5−2 mmol / l. Ngati wodwalayo azidzawerengera XE, ndiye kuti azidziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga, zomwe zingathandize kusankha mlingo woyenera wa insulin.

Mutha kuyeza magawo a mkate ndi mitsulo ndi makapu. Mwachitsanzo, chidutswa chilichonse cha mkate, supuni ya ufa, supuni ziwiri za phala, 250 ml mkaka, supuni ya shuga, mbatata imodzi, kachilomboka chimodzi, kaloti atatu = gawo limodzi. Mitundu atatu ya pasitala ndi magawo awiri.

Palibe chakudya mu nsomba ndi nyama, motero amatha kudyedwa mulimonse.

Umodzi mkate mkate muli kapu ya sitiroberi, mabulosi akuda, raspberries, currants, yamatcheri. Gawo la vwende, apulo, lalanje, peyala, Persimmon ndi pichesi - 1 unit.

Pakudya kwam'mawa, nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chamadzulo, ndikofunikira kuti kuchuluka kwa XE sikupitilira zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kuti muthe kuphunzira mkate umodzi, muyenera kuyambira magawo 1.5 mpaka 4 a insulin.

Mavuto a shuga

Masewera a shuga m'magazi, thupi limayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta nthawi yanjala. Zotsatira zake, acetone imawoneka. Mkhalidwe monga ketoacidosis, womwe ndi woopsa kwambiri, ungayambitse chikomokere kapena kufa.

Ngati pali fungo la acetone lochokera mkamwa, muyenera kuyang'ana msanga shuga, ngati malangizowo ali pamwamba pa 15 mmol / l, kuyenera kwa urinalization ndikofunikira. Ngati akutsimikizira acetone, ndiye kuti muyenera kulowa 1/5 ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya insulin yayifupi kamodzi. Ndipo patatha maola atatu, fufuzaninso shuga wamagazi. Ngati sichinatsike, jakisoni imabwerezedwa.

Ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ali ndi malungo, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa 1/10 ya tsiku ndi tsiku insulin.

Zina mwazovuta za matenda ashuga ndizowonongeka kwa ziwalo ndi ziwalo. Choyamba, izi zimagwira ntchito m'mitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Amatopa kwambiri ndipo amavulala msanga, zomwe zimayambitsa zotupa zazing'ono zam'deralo.

Miyendo, impso ndi maso ndi ena mwa oyamba kuvutika. Matenda a maso odwala matenda ashuga amatchedwa angioretinopathy. Odwala ayenera kuyesedwa ndi a ophthalmologist kawiri pachaka.

Matenda a shuga amachepetsa kukhudzika kwa khungu kumadera akum'munsi, kotero kuvulala pang'ono ndi kucheka sikukumveka, zomwe zingayambitse matenda awo ndikusintha kukhala zilonda kapena gangren.

Kuti mupewe zovuta, simungathe:

• Kuwongola miyendo yanu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala othandizira ndi zida zamagetsi kuti muzitenthe.
• Gwiritsani ntchito lezala ndi zochotsa callus.
• Yendani opanda nsapato ndikuvala nsapato zazitali zidendene.

Matenda a shuga ndi nephropathy ndi matenda oopsa a impso.oyambitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga, ali ndi magawo asanu. Zitatu zoyambirira ndizosintha. Lachinayi, microalbumin imawonekera mkodzo, ndipo kulephera kwampongo kumayamba. Popewa izi, ndikofunikira kuwongolera glucose pamlingo woyenera, komanso kuyesedwa kwa albumin nthawi 4-5 pachaka.

Matenda a atherosulinosis nawonso amatengera matenda ashuga. Matenda a mtima nthawi zambiri amapezeka popanda kupweteka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha. Odwala amalangizidwa kuti azitha kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Odwala ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti shuga si sentensi, koma moyo wapadera, womwe umangodziyang'anira pawokha komanso kusintha magazi momwe magazi amapezekera. Munthu amatha kudzipulumutsa yekha, adokotala amangothandiza pankhaniyi.

Mitundu ndi Zomwe Zachitika pa Matenda A shuga

Matendawa amadziwika ndi kusowa kwa insulin komanso kuphwanya ma cell metabolism a cellular. Zotsatira zakukula kwa njira ya pathological mu thupi ndikuwonjezereka kwa glycemia, komanso kupezeka kwa glucose mkodzo. Njira ya matenda ashuga, mawonekedwe ake ndi njira zamtundu wa mankhwala zosankhidwa zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa matenda.

• Mtundu umodzi - zimaphatikizapo jakisoni wa insulin chifukwa cha kusowa kapena kuperewera kwa kapangidwe kake ndi thupi,
• Mitundu iwiri - yodziwika ndi kutayika kwa insulin ndipo imafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera,
• gestational - wapezeka pokhapokha pakati.

Njira yodalira insulin chifukwa cha matendawa imayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma cell a beta omwe amachititsa kuti inshuwaransi isungidwe. Kusowa kwa mahomoni kumalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa glucose, komwe kumapangitsa kuti magazi ake azikula. Dzikoli lili ndi vuto la hyperglycemia, pamene shuga wambiri samalowa m'maselo, koma amakhala m'magazi.

Zinthu zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti mtundu woyamba:

• zifukwa zamtundu
• matenda, mavairasi okhudza kapamba,
• kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira.

Matenda amtunduwu amakula mwachangu kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhudza achinyamata. Amachepetsa thupi ngakhale ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudya komanso ludzu. Nthawi zonse pamakhala kumva kutopa, kusakwiya komanso kuchuluka kwa mkodzo usiku. Pakupita masiku ochepa kuchokera pomwe anayamba insulini, wodwalayo amabwerera kunenepa kwambiri ndikukhala bwino.

Mtundu wopanda insulin Imayendera limodzi ndi zizindikiro zofananira ndi mtundu 1, komabe ilinso ndi zina:

• matendawa amapezeka patatha zaka 40,
• mulingo wa insulini m'magazi ulibe malire kapena achepetsa pang'ono,
• pali kuchuluka kwa glycemia,
• Matendawa nthawi zambiri amatsimikizika mwangozi ngati munthu amayezetsa kapena kukadandaula za matenda ena.

Matenda a shuga mwa odwalawa amakula pang'onopang'ono, motero sangadziwe za matenda am'thupi kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zoyambitsa 2:

• kunenepa
• olemedwa ndi chibadwa.

Pankhaniyi, njira zochizira zimachokera pakutsatira zakudya, kuchepetsa thupi ndi kubwezeretsa chidwi cha insulin yomwe ili mthupi. Pokhapokha pakuchitika izi, munthu akhoza kulimbikitsidwa kuti amwe mankhwala apadera omwe amathandiza kutsika shuga. Nthawi zina, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin kumafunika.

Kuwoneka kwa matenda ashuga mwa amayi apakati nthawi zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi kupezeka kwa chibadwa. Zolakwika mu zakudya, komanso kupsinjika kwakukulu pazinthu zomwe zimapanga mahomoni, zimatha kuyambitsa matendawa.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda otere sayenera kutaya mtima ndikuyang'ana zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Zochitika zamakono zamasayansi pantchito zamankhwala zimapereka mwayi kwa onse odwala matenda ashuga kuti miyoyo yawo ikhale yathunthu.Udindo wofunikira popewa zovuta komanso matenda opatsirana a matenda am'magazi umayimbidwa ndi sukulu yaumoyo kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Maphunziro a Sukulu ya Zaumoyo

Kupambana pochiza matendawa sikungotengera mankhwala oyenera, koma kufunitsitsa kwa wodwalayo, kufunitsitsa kwake komanso kuwongolera kuti apitirize kukhala ndi moyo wakhama.

Njira ya shuga imadalira kwambiri kulimbikira kwa wodwalayo.

Pamaziko a zipatala zambiri, malo azaumoyo, masukulu apadera adakonzedwa momwe makalasi ophunzitsira amachitikira kuti alimbikitse ndikukhalanso ndi thanzi la odwala matenda ashuga. Amaphunzitsidwa osati ndi endocrinologists, komanso akatswiri monga ophthalmologists, akatswiri azachipatala, madokotala ochita opaleshoni, akatswiri azolimbitsa thupi.

Kupezeka mkalasi kumathandizira odwala kudziwa zambiri za matenda omwewo, zovuta zomwe zimakhalapo nawo, ndikuphunzira momwe angapewere zovuta.

Cholinga chachikulu chomwe akatswiri ophunzirira amasukuluwo sichoyenera kungosintha chidziwitso, komanso kupanga chidwi pakati pa odwala kuti atengere udindo wa chithandizo cha matenda ashuga, komanso kusintha momwe akuchitira.

Nthawi zambiri, wodwala matenda ashuga amaopa matenda amtunduwu komanso amakana kuthana ndi zovuta zilizonse zomwe zimakhalapo pakumwa. Anthu ambiri amataya chidwi ndi zochitika zamakono, amakhumudwitsidwa m'moyo, ndipo chithandizo chimawonedwa ngati chopanda tanthauzo.

Kuyendera sukulu ya matenda a shuga kumathandizira kuthana ndi zovuta ndikuphunzira kukhalapo kwathunthu, poganizira dongosolo lomwe matendawa adakhazikitsa.

Mitu yayikulu yomwe amavomerezana ndi WHO komanso yomwe ikukhudzana ndi maphunziro ndi:

1. Matenda a shuga ngati njira yamoyo.
2. Kudziletsa ngati njira yopeweretsera zovuta.
3. Malamulo a zopatsa thanzi.
4. Zakudya zochokera pazowerengera zama mkate.
5. Mankhwala a insulin komanso mitundu yamahomoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
6. Mavuto a shuga.
7. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndi malamulo osinthira mlingo.
8. Hypertension, matenda a mtima a ischemic.

Sukuluyi imakhala ndi makalasi a odwala omwe amafotokoza za chithandizo chamankhwala. Kuti mumvetsetse bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zomwe waphunzirazo, kuphunzitsira kofunikira kumakhala kofunikira, kuphatikiza masewera ndi kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana.

Chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana pophunzitsira, odwala amasinthana zidziwitso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kudziwa bwino zomwe amaphunzira. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zophunzitsira zotere zimapangitsa kuti zisinthe pa pulogalamu yophunzitsira.

Kanema wokhudza matenda a shuga a 2:

Akatswiri amasukulu pamsonkhano uliwonse amafunsa mafunso pazokambirana zapitazo kuti aphatikize ndikubwereza zomwe taphunzira kale. Ndikofunikira kuti odwala mutatha kuphunzitsa athe kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe mwaphunzira pochita.

Phunziro la sukulu ya matenda ashuga limakwirira mitu itatu:

1. Kudziletsa kwa glycemia ndikukhazikitsa gawo lovomerezeka la chisonyezo.
2. Kuwongolera zakudya komanso maphunziro azakudya.
3. Kutha kuthana ndi zovuta komanso kuwona njira zopewa zovuta zonse.

Sukulu ya matenda ashuga ndi njira yoyambira yothandizira mankhwalawa komanso kupewa zotsatira zoyipa.

Kuwongolera shuga

M'makalasi omwe amachitika ngati gawo la sukulu ya shuga, odwala amauzidwa za kufunika kodziletsa kwa glycemia, pafupipafupi pakukhazikitsa kwake masana.

Kuyeza shuga pafupipafupi kumakupatsani mwayi:

1. Mvetsetsani tanthauzo la glycemia ndilo losavuta komanso labwino kwambiri.
2. Sankhani mndandanda woganizira momwe thupi lanu limayendera mukamadya zakudya zina.
3. Khazikitsani kuchuluka kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zomwe ndizofunikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga.
4. Kuti muthane ndi kusintha kwa mankhwala a insulin komanso mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.
5. Phunzirani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito shuga wamagazi ndikukhala ndi diary ya chakudya moyenera, yomwe iyenera kuwonetsa zotsatira za miyeso yonse komanso zakudya zamafuta.Izi zipangitsa kuti mupende bwino momwe muliri, mulingalire molondola ndikusintha chithandizo ngati pakufunika kutero.

Shuga ayenera kuyezedwa pafupifupi 4 pa tsiku, 3 omwe amachitidwa musanadye, komanso 1 - asanagone. Wodwalayo amatha kuyendetsa payekha miyeso ina yowonjezereka ngati vuto la kusokonekera likuyenda bwino, kuchita zinthu zosazolowereka, panthawi yovuta kapena nthawi zina.

Zakudya zoyenera

Zakudya ndiye njira yayikulu yothandizira matendawa. Akatswiri a sukuluyi amaphunzitsa odwala kuti asamangosankha zinthu malinga ndi malamulo a zakudya, komanso amapereka malingaliro pa kukhazikitsa regimen, kuphatikiza zakudya komanso kuganizira zopatsa mphamvu.

1. Musachepetse kulemera kwamtundu woyenera. Kulemera kwambiri kwa thupi kuyenera kuthetsedwa mwa kudya moyenera komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
2. Pewani kuchepa thupi musanayambe kukonda kuonda, komwe ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala amtundu 1.
3. Chakudya chizikhala chosangalatsa komanso chogawika m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Ndikofunikira kuti odwala athe kupewa kusala kudya kwa nthawi yayitali kuti apewe hypoglycemia, komanso chikomokere.
4. Chakudyacho chimayenera kukhala chamafuta kwambiri kupangira mphamvu zamagetsi ndikusowa kwa glucose m'maselo.
5. Muyenera kuwerengera XE (mkate magawo) nthawi iliyonse chakudya. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi mbiri yolondola ya kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta, chofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala omwe amadalira insulin posankha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni.

Udindo wa namwino ndikuwonetsetsa kuti odwala akutsatira.

Vidiyo Yopatsa Matenda a shuga

Kupsinjika kwa Maganizo

Anthu ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa nkhawa zakumwa zakumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, kusuta fodya, kapena kumwa maswiti ambiri.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga sayenera kulandira ufulu. Zizolowezi izi zitha kukhala zowononga thanzi lawo. Pakukonzekera maphunziro, akatswiri azamisala amathandizira odwala, amawathandiza kuthana ndi kupsinjika ndikuyambiranso kulakalaka moyo.

Chifukwa chake, chinsinsi cha moyo wachisangalalo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli ndi gulu lalikulu, komanso chidwi ndi chidwi chofuna kuphunzira momwe angawongolere matenda awo.