Zonse zokhudzana ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 kapena zotsatira za "moyo wokoma"

Matenda amtunduwu a shuga amakula nthawi zambiri ali aang'ono (mpaka zaka 25-30). Odwala ambiri amakhala ndi chibadwa cha matendawa.

Dzinalo "lodalira insulin" limawonetsa kuti insulini imalephera m'thupi la wodwalayo 1, ndipo wodwala wotere amafunika jakisoni wambiri wa timadzi timeneti. Njira za Autoimmune, kuwonongeka kowononga kwa kapamba nthawi zambiri kumakhala chifukwa cha kuperewera.

Type II matenda a shuga a mellitus (osadalira insulini)

Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu uwu wa shuga alibe mavuto ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin: kapamba amawupanga moyenera, nthawi zambiri ngakhale ochulukirapo. Koma matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira kwambiri shuga amayamba chifukwa ma insulin receptors omwe amapezeka pama cell membrane amakhala osaganizira mahomoni. Ndipo popanda kuyimira ma receptor, insulin sangathe kukwaniritsa ntchito yake yayikulu: kuonetsetsa maselo ambiri okhala ndi michere yayikulu - chakudya.

Mtundu uwu wa matenda ashuga ndiwofala. Zimakhudza makamaka okalamba, nthawi zambiri amanenepa. Matenda a shuga a Type II safuna jakisoni wa insulin - ndichifukwa chake samadziyimira pawokha, koma amafunikira mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga a 2 amayamba amadalira insulin nthawi yayitali: kapamba, yemwe amapanga insulini "yopanda pake", amatsitsa mphamvu zake, ndipo kupanga insulin kumatsika kwambiri.

Sekondale (chizindikiro) matenda a shuga

Gululi limaphatikizapo milandu pamene matenda ashuga ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ena. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonongeka kwa adrenal gland - Matenda a Itsenko-Cushing, matenda a chithokomiro - amachititsa kuti pakhale poizoni, komanso khansa ya kapamba - matenda onsewa amayenda limodzi ndi ziwonetsero za matenda ashuga.

Magawo a shuga

Popanga matenda a shuga, magawo atatu ndi osiyana:

Pakadali pano, palibe zovuta zina zokhudzana ndi matenda ashuga zomwe zimapezeka mumunthu kapena odwala. Msonkhano uno, "anthu ashuga" ndi onse omwe ali pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake wodwala wonenepa kwambiri komanso mtundu wamtundu wa matenda ashuga amatha kuganiziridwa kuti ndi gawo la prediabetes nthawi yayitali isanayambike. Gawoli lidawonetsedwa bwino kwambiri chifukwa njira zodzitetezera zolimba zimalepheretsa kapena kuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono kusintha kwa matenda osokoneza bongo kupita gawo lina.

Matenda a shuga

Palibe zizindikiro pakadali pano. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi mkodzo kwa glucose sikuwonekeranso kuwonetsa zovuta, koma mukamayesa mayeso okhudzana ndi shuga, zovuta zimapezeka. Gawo ili likufunika kuwunikira nthawi zonse. Ndipo nthawi zina chiyambi cha njira zochizira.

Kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga

Pali magawo atatu a zovuta za shuga: ofatsa, odziletsa, okhwima.

Ofatsa kuopsa kumadziwika ndi glucose wotsika (mpaka 10 mmol / l) m'magazi ndi kusapezeka kwathunthu mumkodzo, kusowa kwa zizindikiro zazikulu.

Giredi yapakatikati kuuma kumatsimikizika pamene shuga m'magazi apitirira 10 mmol / l, shuga amapezeka mkodzo.

Kodi tsambalo linali lothandiza? Gawani patsamba lanu lochezera!

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda?

• Kunenepa kwambiri, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi,
• Zaka: Akuluakulu amakhala pachiwopsezo chambiri
• Moyo wopsinjika, moyo wopsinjika,
• Khalidweli

Matendawa ali Zizindikiro zazikulu, zomwe zimatha kukhala zosiyana kutengera jenda. Chikhumbo chankhanza, kukodza kowonjezereka, kuyabwa pakhungu, kuchepa thupi, kuchepa kwa masomphenya, ma pustular ndi mafangayi, ma mucous nembanemba.

Mukafika zaka 40, chiopsezo chakuwongolera matendawa chimakulanso, ngakhale atakhala kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi. Type 2 shuga mellitus mwa amuna amawonetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zogonana.

Chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri ndicho kuchuluka kwa magazi. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti zodziwika - 3.2 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l. Ngati mulibe chidwi ndi zomwe mukuwonetsa ndikuti matendawo ayambe kudwala, tsiku lina wodwalayo atha kudwala!

The etiology ndi pathogenesis ya mtundu 2 matenda a shuga amaperekedwa mu chithunzi:

Matenda a shuga ndi glycemic index: ndi chiyani cholumikizitsa malingaliro awa?

Kuzindikira kumalumikizidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi lingaliro monga mndandanda wazinthu zamatumbo. Mlozera uwu ndi chizindikiro cha momwe kudya kwamasamba kumakhudzira shuga wamagazi ndi shuga. Aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira izi kuti ateteze kuwonjezereka kwa zizindikiro.

Gulu Lachiwiri la 2 shuga agawika m'magawo atatu azovuta, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi malire omveka:

Kukula kofatsa kwa T2DM akuonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi okwana 10 mmol / l, mkodzo mulibe. Zizindikiro zazikulu mwa wodwala sizimawonedwa. Mavuto akulu pakadali pano samawonekera.

Kuopsa kwambiri yodziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa glucose pamtunda wa 10 mmol / l, imawonekanso mumadzi amkodzo. Wodwalayo akuwonetsa matenda: kufooka kwa thupi, kukodza kwambiri, ludzu, kuchiritsa pang'onopang'ono mabala, kumangokhala ndi njala. Mwanjira zovuta ziwalo zimatha kukhudzidwa: impso, mitsempha yamagazi, zida zowonekera.

Ngati munthu digiri yayikulu ya SD2, kenako m'thupi mwake kuphwanya kwa zochita za metabolic kumayamba. Shuga ndi mkodzo ndizofunikira. Chotchulidwa Zizindikiropali chiopsezo cha chikomokere. Mavuto obwera chifukwa chosowa mtima, minyewa imadziwika.

Kusiyanitsa mitundu yofanana ndi matenda a shuga 2: momwe mungadziwire matendawa?

Kuti muzindikire kukhalapo kwa matenda omwe mumapatsa wodwala, mayesero angapo ofunikira amafunikira.

Kuyezetsa magazi kwa chala komwe kumatengedwa m'mawa komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu kumawonetsa shuga.

Kwa munthu wamkulu, owonjezera ndi chithunzi pamwamba pa 5.5 mmol / L.

Ndi zizindikiro zowopsa, endocrinologist imapereka mankhwala ndi kuyesa kwa glucose kulolera. Chinsinsi cha njirayi ndi motere: wodwala amapatsidwa mimba yopanda kanthu kuti amwe shuga. Ngati maola awiri shuga ataposa 11, wodwalayo amadwala matenda ashuga.

Pali kusanthula kwamkodzo kuti mumve zomwe muli ma acetone mmenemo.. Pozindikira, kuyezetsa magazi kwa glycogemoglobin kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Akatswiri amayerekezera shuga ndi chitsulo, amazindikira kuopsa kwa matendawa, komanso amapanga protocol Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 2.

Kodi wodwalayo ayenera kuchita chiyani kuti asakuze chithunzicho?

Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amatha kukhala moyo wabwino ndikusangalala! Ndikofunikira nthawi zonse kutsatira zosintha pang'ono. Ndikofunikira kuyendera madokotala pafupipafupi kuti ayang'anire matendawa.

Lamulo lofunikira - muyenera kupanga njira zolondola za tsiku ndi tsiku. Popewa kudya kwambiri kapena kuperewera kwa vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, amapaka utoto uliwonse, kupangitsa kuti zakudya zizikhala zofunikira - kutsatira zakudya.

Ayenera kukhala ochepa zakumwa zoledzeretsa mu shuga, shuga, mafuta osomera. Ndikofunikira kubweretsa zolimbitsa thupi m'moyo wanu, koma izi zisanachitike, kufunsa katswiri ndikofunikira!

Dokotala adzakuwuzani mwatsatanetsatane mtundu wa shuga wa 2 womwe ndi wowopsa komanso zomwe zingangobweretsa zovuta ndikupangitsa zovuta. Kuyenda pafupipafupi mumlengalenga watsopano kumakhala bonasi yabwino!

Pomaliza

Nthawi ya 2014 kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga anali 422 miliyoni. Chiwerengero chikukula mphindi iliyonse chifukwa chokhala moyo wosafuna zambiri wa anthu.

T2DM ndivuto lalikulu la thanzi lapadziko lonse lapansi komanso munthu aliyense.

Ngati aliyense awona momwe achibale awo awonera komanso asintha pang'ono, mtundu wa anthu umatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa odwala. Ndipo pamenepo madokotala sangakhale okonzeka kunena motsimikiza za matendawa.

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiani?

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda achilengedwe omwe mumakhala shuga wambiri m'magazi a munthu, ndipo zimafupika m'maselo a thupi. Ili ndi magawo angapo akuuma.

Matenda a metabolism omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi chakudya cham'madzi ndi madzi zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a kapamba. Pankhaniyi, kusakwanira kwa insulin ya pancreatic yomwe imapangidwa imapangidwa.

Ndiye amene amatenga nawo gawo pakukonza sucrose mu glucose, yofunikira popereka minofu ndi mphamvu. Zotsatira zakuphwanya, shuga amadziunjikira m'magazi ndikutuluka ndi mkodzo, maselo amisempha sangathe kugwira madzi ndipo kudzera mu impso amachotsedwa m'thupi.

Matenda "okoma" ndi amodzi mwa matenda padziko lonse lapansi. Amatenga malo wachitatu pafupipafupi olumala pambuyo pazovuta zamtima komanso zamankhwala.

Kuzindikirika kwa matenda ashuga kumachitika pamene kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa glucose kwapezeka m'magazi am'kati mwa wodwala pamimba yopanda kanthu. Mulingo wapamwamba kuposa 7 mmol / l ndi chifukwa chokwanira kunena kuti kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kunachitika m'thupi.

Ngati miyezo ikuchitika ndi glucometer yosunthika, zikuwonetsa kuti shuga ali pamwambapa 6.1 mmol / l akuwonetsa matenda osokoneza bongo, pamenepa kuyesayesa kwa Laborator ndikofunikira kutsimikizira matendawa.

Zoyambitsa zazikulu za matenda ashuga a 2

Kutsimikiza kwa matenda ashuga a mtundu 2 kumachitika chifukwa cha majini komanso zinthu zina. Palibe chovuta kukhazikitsa chifukwa chenicheni cha matenda am'mimba chifukwa chosakhalapo. Pakupanga matenda, zinthu zingapo nthawi zonse zimakhudzidwa nthawi imodzi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga a 2 ndi:

• Kunenepa kwambiri Zatsimikiziridwa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri akuwonjezeka chifukwa cha insulin,
• Kuperewera kwa mahomoni. Choyimira chimakonda kugwira ntchito mwa amayi oyembekezera. Nthawi ya gestation, chiopsezo cha kupita patsogolo pakuphwanya chakudya cha kagayidwe kachakudya ka thupi chimachulukitsidwa kwambiri,
• Makamaka. Makolo omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi mwana wodwala,
• Kudya zakudya zambiri zamafuta ndi mafuta. Zolakwika pakudya ndizowopsa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la hyperglycemia,
• Zochita zolimbitsa thupi. Zomwe zimapangitsa zimapangitsa kuti thupi lizikula komanso kuti azikhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2.

Zinthu zina zomwe zingayambitse matendawa ndi monga:

• Mtundu. Anthu aku Europe sachepera 20% amadwala matenda ashuga kuposa a ku Africa ndi ku America,
• Paulo Amayi nthawi zambiri amafotokozera lipoti la carbohydrate metabolism. Izi ndichifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kayendedwe kazinthu zamagulu m'thupi mwathu,
• Matenda a chiwindi. Chiwalochi chimalumikizana bwino ndi kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba. Pophwanya wina wa iwo, chiopsezo cha matenda a ziwonetsero zina chikuwonjezeka.

Odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2 amakhala ndi zinthu zingapo pamwambapa. Chithandizo chimakhala chofanana nthawi zonse ndipo chimalimbikitsa kukhazikika kwa thupi.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 ndi 1

Gulu

Kugawika koonekeratu kwa matenda amtundu 1 m'magawo.

• Mtundu 1 wamoyo wonse (wodalira insulini), chifukwa chopanga insulin kwambiri:
  • Gawo 1 - nthawi yovutikira yokhazikika pamabadwa amtundu. Palibe zizindikiro za matendawa. Ndi njira zodzitetezera, kukulitsa kwa matenda a m'mbuyo kumatha kuimitsidwa,
  • Gawo 2 - limayamba kutengera zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kukhazikitsa matenda,
  • Gawo 3 - gawo loyambirira, limakhala lopitirira zaka 2-3. Mutha kudziwa momwe mayesero akupitilira,
  • Gawo 4 - kufooka ndi kuchepa mphamvu kwapafupipafupi kuwonekera, palibe zizindikiro pakadali pano,
  • Gawo 5 - mawonekedwe owoneka bwino azachipatala,
  • Gawo la 6 - gawo lovuta, kupanga kwa insulini kwayima kwathunthu.
• Mtundu 2 umayamba pang'onopang'ono (osagwirizana ndi insulin-yodziyimira pawokha), umakhala ndi kuchuluka kosakwanira kwa mahomoni kapena kuphwanya kuyankha kwa zolandilira kuchitira insulin:
  • Gawo limodzi - njira
  • Gawo 2 - lophatikizidwa, njirayi imasinthidwa pang'ono mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ochepetsa shuga,
  • Gawo 3 - kuphwanya kwa magwiridwe antchito (kuwonongeka), munthu ayenera insulin.

Zolinga ndi machitidwe

• chiwonongeko cha masisamba apakhungu,
• thupi lawo siligwirizana lomwe limawononga maselo a endocrine.

• kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
• chibadwire
• kuwonongeka kwa insulin receptors.

• pachimake
• kufooka wamba
• kukodza kwambiri,
• ludzu lalikulu
• kuwonda.

• kukula pang'onopang'ono
• palibe zizindikiro zodziwika
• kunenepa.

Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti munthu m'modzi pa atatu padziko lapansi angathe kudwala matenda ashuga. Matendawa amatengedwa kuti ndi amodzi owopsa, kuphatikizapo oncology, chifuwa chachikulu komanso Edzi.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ophunziridwa bwino, koma amafunikira kupenda thupi lonse. Mankhwala amasiyanitsa madigiri angapo ndi mitundu ya shuga.

Pounika kukula kwa matenda, ndikofunikira kuganizira zingapo. Pakati pawo, kuchuluka kwa glycemia, kufunika kogwiritsira ntchito insulin yina, zomwe zimachitika pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala antidiabetes, kupezeka kwa zovuta.

Kodi magawo ndi ati

Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amalumikizidwa ndi kupanga kapamba kokwanira ka insulin kapena kusakhalapo kwathunthu. T1DM ndimatenda a achinyamata, kuphatikiza apo, matendawa amayamba achichepere chaka chilichonse, ndipo matenda a shuga amapezeka ngakhale mwa ana. Kuti muchiritse matendawa moyenera, muyenera kuliphunzira ndikulongosola mwatsatanetsatane.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, malingaliro opanga matenda amtundu wa 1 a shuga anafunsidwa, omwe akuphatikizapo magawo otsatirawa a shuga:

1. Makamaka
2. Chipongwe
3. Zachisembwere zotchulidwa,
4. Matenda a shuga
5. Pewani matenda ashuga
6. Matenda a shuga onse.

Gawo la masinthidwe amtundu wa chibadwa limayamba kwenikweni kuchokera pa nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati. Mluza umatha kulandila majini omwe amathandizira kukulitsa matenda a shuga amtundu 1 komanso majini omwe amateteza thupi ku matenda ashuga. Pakadali pano, ndizotheka kudziwa mitundu yosakanikirana ya majini ndi kuzindikira yemwe ali nayo pangozi.

Kudziwa mtundu wanu wamatenda a matenda ashuga kumakupatsani mwayi wopewa nthawi komanso kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga 1.

Zadziwika kuti m'mabanja omwe bambo ndi mayi amadwala T1DM, mwana amakhala ndi matenda ashuga akadali wazaka zochepa kuposa momwe amapezekera ndi makolo ake, ndipo zimachitika makamaka mwa ana osaposa zaka 5 omwe nthawi zambiri amawonetsa T1DM.

Pa gawo lokhumudwitsa, njira ya autoimmune imayamba kukhazikika: maselo a pancreatic amawonongeka ndi chitetezo chawo. Zinthu zotsatirazi zingayambitse izi:

• Kuukira ma virus (rubella, herpes, mumps ndi ena),
• Mavuto
• Kuwonetsedwa kwamankhwala (mankhwala, herbicides ndi ena),
• Muli zakudya.

Pa gawo lokhala ndi zovuta za chitetezo cha mthupi, kuwonongeka kwa ma beta cell a kapamba kumayamba, maselo amodzi amafa. Chikhalidwe cha insulin katulutsidwe chimasokonekera: mmalo mongotulutsa "zinthu" za mahomoni, zimapangidwa mosalekeza.

Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo amalangizidwa kuti nthawi zina amayesedwe kuti adziwe gawo ili:

• Kuyesa kwa ma antibodies ena,
• Kuyesa kwa kulolera kwa glucose (mtsempha wa magazi).

Pa gawo lomaliza, njira ya autoimmune imathandizira, kufa kwa maselo a beta kumathandizira. Chinsinsi cha insulin sichingasinthe. Pakadali pano, madandaulo a odwala ofooka ndi kukwiya, kulumikizana kosalekeza ndi zithupsa zambiri zimalembedwa, zizindikiro zowonekeratu sizimawonedwa.

M'masamba osala kudya, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakhala kwabwinobwino, koma kuyeserera kwa "glucose" pakamwa kumawonetsa kuchuluka kopitilira muyeso.

Pakudutsa shuga, wodwalayo amawonetsa zodwala matenda ashuga. Mpaka 90% ya ma cell a pancreatic beta amwalira. Pokhapokha insulini yomwe thupi limatulutsa, ndiye kuti chizindikiro cha matendawa chimakula. Wodwala amapezeka ndi:

Pakadali pano, kusanthula kwa C-peptides kukuwonetsa kukhalapo kwatsalira a insulin. Matupi a Ketone amapezeka mu urinalysis.

Pofuna kupatula kukhalapo kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi T2DM, ndikokwanira kuzindikira chimodzi mwazizindikiro izi:

• Ketonuria
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• Kuperewera kwa metabolic syndrome.

Pakadali pano odwala matenda ashuga, ma cell a beta amatha kutayiratu. Gawoli limakhala mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Amafunikira jakisoni wambiri wa insulin, ngati atasiya kulandira mphamvu zakunja, amwalira ndi matenda a shuga.

Kuyesedwa pakadali pano kukuwonetsa kuperewera kwenikweni kwa insulin.

Malinga ndi gulu lina, magawo amaperekedwa mu CD1:

• Matenda a shuga a preclinical (prediabetes),
• Ngongole (chiwonetsero) cha SD,
• Chikhululukiro chosakwanira ("pabwino kwa ukwati"),
• Nthawi yonseyi exulin (insulin).

Matenda a shuga akuphatikizanso magawo 1, 2, 3, ndi 4 (genetic predisposition, provocation, immunologicalities, latentabetes). Gawo ili ndi lalitali, limatha kutalika kuyambira miyezi ingapo kufika zaka zingapo.

Gawo la "shuga Wowonekera bwino" (gawo 5) limaphatikizanso magawo a kuwonekera, kuchotsedwa kosakwanira komanso kosatha. Gawo la "Total" limadziwika ndi gawo lomwe limadwaladwala.

Za matenda aliwonse, nthawi ya shuga pali magawo anayi a kukula kwake:

Pa digiri iliyonse ya matenda a shuga, njira zingapo zimalimbikitsidwa zomwe zingathandize madokotala kulinganiza bwino chithandizo cha wodwala. Pankhani ya matenda ashuga, chizindikiritso cha kuchuluka kwa matendawa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Poyamba, kufatsa, kuchuluka kwa matendawa, shuga wamagazi sapitilira 7 mmol / L, Zizindikiro zina zoyesa magazi ndi zabwinobwino, shuga sapezeka mkodzo. Mavuto aliwonse omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda ashuga kulibe. Matenda a shuga ofatsa amalipiridwa mokwanira ndikumwa mankhwala apadera komanso kudya.

Ndi pafupifupi (yachiwiri) kukula kwa matendawa, shuga imalipidwa pang'ono ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga kapena insulin. Ketosis ndiyosowa, ndizosavuta kuchotsa kudzera mu zakudya zapadera komanso mankhwala. Mavuto amatchulidwa (m'maso, impso, mitsempha yamagazi), koma osatsogolera kulumala.

Mlingo wachitatu (woopsa) wa matendawa sungagwiritsidwe ntchito pakudya; jakisoni wa insulin amafunikira. Shuga wamagazi amafikira 14 mmol / l, shuga amapezeka mkodzo. Mavuto akupita patsogolo, wodwala ali:

• Yaitali, yovuta kuchiza ketosis,
• Hypoglycemia,
• Proliferative retinopathy,
• Nephropathy, yomwe imayambitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi,
• Neuropathy, yowonetsedwa ndi dzanzi la miyendo.

The mwayi wokhala ndi mtima mavuto - kugunda kwa mtima, sitiroko ndi mkulu.

Ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri (achinayi) a matenda ashuga, shuga wamagazi ndiwokwera kwambiri, mpaka 25 mmol / L. Mu mkodzo, shuga ndi mapuloteni amatsimikizika. Matenda a wodwalayo amatha kuwongoleredwa pokhapokha pokhazikitsa insulin. Wodwala nthawi zambiri amagwera pachisa, zilonda zam'mimba zopangidwa pamiyendo yake, gangrene ndizotheka. Ndi digiri iyi ya shuga, munthu amakhala wolumala.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mwa anthu onse padziko lapansi, aliyense atatu ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a matenda osiyanasiyana. Matenda amtundu wa endocrine motere ndi oopsa pamiyoyo ya anthu ali pa chifuwa chachikulu cha chifuwa chachikulu, oncology, Edzi, ndipo amafunika chisamaliro chapadera Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga, omwe ali ndi magulu ena osiyana komanso owuma.

Ofatsa

Kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi sikupitilira 8 mmol / L; palibe zopatuka zazikulu za shuga kuchokera pazomwe zimachitika patsiku. Kukhalapo kwa glucose mu mkodzo ndi kochepa (mpaka 20 g / l) kapena kusowa kwathunthu. Matenda abwinobwino a shuga samakhala ndi zizindikiro zamankhwala; kusintha kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi ndikotheka. Kuzungulira kwa shuga m'magazi kumayendetsedwa mosavuta ndi chithandizo chamankhwala.

Giredi yapakatikati

Kukhalapo kwa shuga m'magazi osala ndi kuchuluka kwa madigiri kumawonjezeka mpaka 14 mmol / l, pali kusakhazikika kwa zizindikiro tsiku lonse. Mafuta a mkodzo alibe magaloni oposa 40.

Wodwalayo amamva kukamwa kowuma, kumva ludzu pafupipafupi, kuchepa mphamvu pafupipafupi, kukodza kawirikawiri. Kuwonongeka kwa impso, makoma amitsempha yamagazi ndi kupezeka kwa ma pustules pakhungu ndi mawonekedwe a zovuta za zovuta za endocrine.

Mutha kuyesanso kuchuluka kwa shuga powona kudya komanso kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.

Madigiri akulu

Woopsa mawonekedwe, pali kuphwanya njira ya kusintha kwa michere kukhala mphamvu. Magazi a shuga m'magazi ndi okwera kwambiri (oposa 14 mmol / l), ndipo mkodzo wopitilira 40-50 galoni ndi kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kumawonedwa.

Chiwopsezo chachikulu chimatsatiridwa ndi zizindikiro zowoneka bwino za matenda ashuga. Kubwezeretsa kwa glucose kumachitika pokhapokha ngati insulini ikupitirirabe.

Matenda a wodwala atha kukhala ovuta:

• chitukuko cha ketoacidosis, matenda ashuga,
• mtima matenda
• kuphwanya ntchito za ziwalo zamkati (chiwindi, impso, mtima, ubongo),
• kuwonongeka kwa zimakhala zamiyendo.

Ndikosatheka kuchiritsa matenda amtundu 1 komanso mitundu yokhazikika yamtundu 2. Koma chithandizo chanthawi yake chachipatala chingalepheretse zovuta.

Pali gulu la anthu odwala shuga. Kupatukana uku kumapangitsa kuti zidziwike mwachangu zomwe zikuchitika kwa munthu pamlingo wosiyanasiyana.

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito maguluwo kuti adziwe njira yabwino yothandizira.

Matigari 1 a shuga ndi mkhalidwe womwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikudutsa 7 mmol / L. Mulibe glucose mkodzo; kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi kwakanthawi kochepa.

Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin ndi matenda amtundu 1. Ndi matenda awa, thupi silingatulutsenso insulin yake.

Matendawa amasiyanitsidwa kukhala oopsa, odziletsa komanso ofatsa.

Kukula kwa matendawa kumatengera magawo angapo. Choyamba, zimatengedwa kuti wodwalayo amakonda kuchuluka kwa hypoglycemia, ndiko kuti, kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi. Chotsatira, muyenera kudziwa kuthekera kwa ketoacidosis - kuchuluka kwa zinthu zovulaza, kuphatikiza acetone m'thupi.

Kuopsa kwa matendawa kumakhudzidwanso ndi kupezeka kwa vutoli, komwe kumapangitsa shuga ndipo tsopano kukulitsa vutoli.

Chifukwa cha chithandizo cha panthawi yake komanso kuwunika mwadongosolo misempha yamagazi, zovuta zimathetsedwa. Ndi mtundu wopundidwa wa matendawa, mutha kutsata njira yodziwika, zolimbitsa thupi, koma muyenera kutsatira zakudya.

Polankhula za kuopsa kwa matendawa, njira zingapo ndizoganiza, kutengera kunyalanyaza. Munthu aliyense ali ndi matenda a shuga m'njira yake, angathe kulipiriridwa kapena kulipidwa. Poyamba, ndizovuta kupirira matendawa ngakhale mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala amphamvu.

Matenda a shuga okwanira ali ndi izi:

• pafupifupi kufafaniza kwathunthu kwa insulin kapangidwe ndi ma cell a pancreatic,
• Matenda a ketoacidosis ndi hypoglycemia,
• kudalira kwa kagayidwe kachakudya njira ndi zakudya pa kupatsidwa kunja kwa insulin.

Type 2 shuga mellitus ndichosangalatsa kwambiri pakati pa oimira mankhwala ovomerezeka. Pali anthu ochulukirapo omwe ali ndi matendawa kuposa mtundu 1 wa shuga.

M'mbuyomu, matenda a shuga a 2 amatchedwa matenda onenepa akulu. Nthawi zambiri matendawa amawonekera patatha zaka 40 ndipo amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa kunenepa kwambiri. Nthawi zina, zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya komanso moyo wopanda chidwi. Matendawa amabadwa ndi 50-80% ya milandu.

Matenda amtunduwu amaonedwa ngati odziimira okha. Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, chithandizo cha insulin sichofunikira. Koma mwa odwala ambiri, pakapita nthawi, pakufunika majakisoni a insulin.

Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amathandizidwa ndipo ndi osavuta. Koma matendawa amathanso kukhala oopsa, ngati simupereka chithandizo chofunikira ndipo osasintha moyo wanu. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kapena shuga osadalira insulini, nthawi zambiri amakula pakati komanso achikulire.

Monga lamulo, azimayi atatha zaka 65 amadwala matendawa, nthawi zambiri izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri pamagawo osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, anthu onse m'banjamo amadwala matendawa. Matendawa samatengera nyengo ndi nyengo, matenda ashuga ndizosavuta. Pokhapokha zovuta zikakumana, munthu amafunsira dokotala.

Kutengera ndi zotsatira za kuyesedwa kwa labotale komanso momwe munthu aliri, dokotalayo amasankha kuchuluka kwa matenda omwe alipo komanso chithandizo chiti chofunikira.

Type 2 shuga mellitus wa kusamala kwambiri amakhala ndi kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, ntchito yake yayikulu ndikudziwikanso kwake. Koma sizotheka nthawi zonse kukwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino, makamaka ngati matenda ayambitsidwa, kapena munthu saiwala kuwongolera vutoli ndikumwa mankhwala.

Ndi matenda ashuga, kagayidwe kazakudya umatha kukhala osiyana. Mitundu yolipidwa ya matendawa imawonedwa kuti ndi chikhalidwe chovomerezeka. Chifukwa cha chithandizo ndi mawonekedwe awa, mutha kukwaniritsa glucose wabwinobwino komanso kusowa kwake mkodzo.

Ndi nthenda yolandilidwa matenda, sizingatheke kukwaniritsa izi. Mwa anthu, kuchuluka kwa shuga sikokwanira kwambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira, makamaka, ndi 13.9 mmol / L. Kuwonongeka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwamkodzo mumkodzo sikoposa 50 g.Palibe mkodzo mumkodzo.

Mitundu yowonongeka ya matendawa ndiyoipa kwambiri, chifukwa mu nkhaniyi sikokwanira kutsika shuga wamagazi ndikusintha kagayidwe kazakudya. Ngakhale zochizira, kuphatikiza kwa glucose kumayamba kupitirira 13.9 mmol / L. Kwa tsiku limodzi, kuchepa kwa shuga mumkodzo kumatha 50 g, ma acetone amadzimadzi. Vuto lopweteka kwambiri nthawi zambiri limapangidwa.

Mitundu yonse yamatendawa imakhudzanso thanzi. Matenda a shuga opatsirana samayambitsa kugwira bwino ntchito kwa ziwalo ndi machitidwe, pomwe nthawi yomweyo, matenda osakwanira kapena osaperekera shuga amachititsa kuchuluka kwa kukakamira, cholesterol ndi zizindikiro zina zofunika. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akupitiliza kukamba za madigiri a shuga.

Pali magawo atatu a zovuta za shuga: ofatsa, odziletsa, okhwima.

Kuuma kofatsa kumadziwika ndi glucose wotsika kwambiri (mpaka 10 mmol / l) m'magazi ndi kusapezeka kwathunthu mumkodzo, kusowa kwa zizindikiro zazikulu.

Kusakhazikika kwapakati kumatsimikizika pamene shuga ya magazi imaposa 10 mmol / l, shuga mumkodzo akapezeka, wodwalayo amadandaula chifukwa chofooka, pakamwa pouma, ludzu, kukodza pafupipafupi, komanso chizolowezi cha zotupa zapakhungu.

Kodi tsambalo linali lothandiza? Gawani patsamba lanu lochezera!

Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapa tsambalo ndizotheka pokhapokha ngati zikuwonetsetsa kuti pali Maganizo Ogwiritsa Ntchito. Kugwiritsira ntchito, kuphatikiza kukopera, zamatsamba ndizosemphana ndi Panganoli ndizoletsedwa ndipo zimakhala ndi chiwopsezo malinga ndi malamulo apano a Russian Federation.

Ndi zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zalembedwa patsamba lino kuti mudzidziwe ngati muli ndi vuto lodzisamalira.

Chithandizo cha matendawa chimadalira kuuma kwake. Kugawidwa kwa matenda am'magazi kumakhazikitsidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Kutengera kuuma, pali:

• Matenda a woyamba kapena ofatsa madigiri. Kuwongolera kwa kagayidwe kazakudya zamadzimadzi ndi matenda a glycemia kungatheke pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya osati zopitilira 1 shuga wochepetsa shuga. Mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta zazikulu ndizochepa,
• Matenda a shuga mellitus madigiri 2 kapena sing'anga. Pankhaniyi, kukhazikika kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala awiri kapena atatu pazakudya ndikuwasiya ntchito.
• Shuga 3 kapena kwambiri. Kulipiritsa kwa hyperglycemia ndikotheka pokhapokha ngati mugwiritsa ntchito hypoglycemic wothandizirana ndi insulin. Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta zazikulu.

Kutengera kuthekera kukhazikika kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, magawo atatu amasiyanitsidwa:

1. Kubwezera
2. Kubweza
3. Kubwezera.

Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amakumana ndi odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a digiri yachiwiri mu gawo laling'ono kapena lilipiro. Izi ndichifukwa chakusazindikira koyambirira ndikuwonana ndi dokotala pamlingo wopita patsogolo kwa chithunzi cha chipatala.

Mtundu uliwonse wamatenda umakhala wowuma. Pali madigiri atatu a shuga mellitus:

• Mapapu omwe wodwala sangamve. Kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa shuga kumawonedwa, nthawi zambiri osapitirira 8 mmol / L. Shuga mumkodzo ndi wabwinobwino (zosaposa 20 g / l).
• Pakatikati, pamene zizindikiro zimatchulidwa, ndipo zizindikiro za shuga zamagazi zimaposa kuchuluka kwam'mbuyomu, koma musakweze pamwamba 14 mmol / L. Nthawi yomweyo, zisonyezo za shuga wa mkodzo sizapamwamba kuposa 40 g / l.
• Zowopsa kwambiri pamene kagayidwe kazakudya asokonekera mthupi, zizindikiro zonse zimayamba kukhala pachimake, ndipo chiopsezo chokhala ndi chikomokere ndichokwera kwambiri. Mwazi wa magazi umaposa 14 mmol / l, ndipo mkodzo - 40-50 g / l.

Ndikwabwino osafika pamlingo woopsa wa matenda ashuga. Samalirani thupi lanu pasadakhale.

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zomwe mungamve pazotsatira zilizonse, ndiye zizindikilo zake ndi izi:

• Kufooka m'thupi
• Kutaya chikumbumtima
• Kusokonezeka nthawi zonse
• Kuyabwa ndi chifuwa
• Pakamwa pakamwa
• Kununkhira kwa acetone
• Kukodza pafupipafupi
• Kuchepetsa thupi kapena kukhazikika kwake,
• Kudya nthawi zonse.

Kufikira pang'ono, simungamve izi, koma pambuyo pake zimawonekera, komanso mwamphamvu.

MITUNDU YAITATU YA matenda

Mukamawunika kuopsa kwa matendawa, kuphatikiza njira zingapo kumazindikiridwa: kuchuluka kwa glycemia, kufunika kwa insulini yakunja, kuyankha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala opatsirana, kupezeka kapena kusowa kwa zovuta.

Kuopsa kwa mtundu wodwala wa insulin

Chifukwa chake, magawo atatu azovuta za shuga mellitus wa mtundu wodalira insulin (IDDM) ndi akulu, odziletsa komanso ofatsa.

Kukula kwa matendawa kumatengera zinthu zingapo. Poyamba, kuyambira pakukonda kwa wodwala hypoglycemia - kuchepa kwambiri kwamphamvu m'magazi a shuga.

Kachiwiri, zimatsimikiziridwa ndi chizolowezi cha ketoacidosis (kudzikundikira kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi mafuta a metabolism, kuphatikizapo acetone m'thupi).Ndipo pamapeto pake, kuwopsa kwa matendawa kumakhudzidwa ndi zovuta za mtima zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndipo tsopano zikuwonjezera njira yake.

Komabe, chithandizo chomwe chimayamba pa nthawi yake ndikuwunika mayeso a shuga m'magazi kumatha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu pamatendawa ndikuchotsa zovuta, chifukwa ndi matenda a shuga omwe ali oopsa kwambiri pazovuta.

Koma mawonekedwe ake omwe adalipira palibe vuto lililonse, mutha kukhala nawo mwamtendere ndikuchita zomwe mumakonda, ntchito, ndi masewera. Chifukwa chake, polankhula za kuopsa kwa matendawa, tidzakhala ndi zisankho zoyenera kutero ngati matendawa anyalanyazidwa kwambiri.

Koma kumbukirani kuti aliyense wa inu amadalira mtundu wa matenda ashuga ndi momwe udzakhalira: kulipidwa kapena kuwalipitsidwa, pakakhala zovuta kwambiri kupirira matenda, ngakhale ndi mankhwala.

Zizindikiro Za Khansa Yabwino

• Pafupifupi kutulutsa kwathunthu kwa insulin kapangidwe ndi maselo a beta.

Matenda ofatsa

Palibe zovuta zamasamba akuluakulu komanso zazikulu za matenda ashuga

Matenda abwinobwino a shuga

Matenda a shuga a retinopathy, osatalika (DR1)

Matenda a shuga ndi nephropathy pa gawo la microalbuminuria

Matenda akulu a shuga

Dongosolo la matenda ashuga retinopathy, prerolifative kapena proliferative (DR 2-3)

Matenda a shuga, nephropathy, gawo la proteinuria kapena matenda aimpso

vuto pambuyo sitiroko kapena pang'onopang'ono ubongo

Matenda a shuga - chenicheni cha matendawa

Kusokonekera kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kokhudzana ndi chakudya cham'madzi ndipo madzi amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala monga matenda a shuga. Pachifukwa ichi, pali zovuta m'matumbo, omwe amapanga insulini ya mahomoni - amagwira nawo ntchito pakupanga shuga mthupi. Ndi insulin yomwe imathandizira kuti shuga azisungunuka m'magazi, apo ayi shuga amadzaza m'magazi, amatsitsidwa kudzera mumkodzo wamkodzo (mkodzo), munthawi imeneyi zimakhala kuti ziwalo za thupi sizitha kusunga madzi m'maselo ake - zimayambanso kupukusidwa kuchokera mthupi.

Matenda a shuga ndi njira yowonjezera ya shuga ndi shuga m'magazi, koma kusowa koopsa kwa zinthuzi m'maselo a ziwalo.

Matendawa amatha kukhala obadwa mwatsopano (tikulankhula za cholowa champhamvu) kapena kutengera. Kukula kwa matenda a shuga sikudalira izi, odwala akuvutikabe ndi insulin, motsutsana ndi komwe matenda apakhungu a khungu, atherosclerosis, matenda oopsa, impso ndi matenda amanjenje amayamba, ndipo masomphenyawo akuwonongeka.

Pathogenesis yamatenda

Vuto la matenda ashuga ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa madokotala amangolizindikira. Popeza pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu yamatendawa omwe amafunsidwa, osiyana kwambiri ndi wina ndi mnzake, sitingathe kuyankhula za kusakhazikika kwa kayendedwe ka matenda. Komabe, maziko a pathogenesis amatengedwa Hyperglycemic index. Ichi ndi chiyani

Hyperglycemia - mkhalidwe womwe shuga wolowa mthupi samapangidwira mu glucose chifukwa chosakwanira kuchuluka kwa insulini yopangidwa ndi kapamba. Chifukwa chake izi zimapangitsa kuti glucose asapezekenso m'maselo a ziwalo - insulin imangoletsa kuyanjana ndi maselo.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji madokotala amavomereza kulongosoledwa kumene kwa kapangidwe ka shuga ndi komwe kumakhala koona? Chifukwa nthenda zina zimatha kubweretsa mkhalidwe wa hyperglycemic. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• hyperthyroidism
• chotupa cha adrenal gland - imapanga mahomoni omwe amakhala ndi zotsutsana ndi insulin,
• Matenda amtundu wamtundu wa adrenal,
• matenda a chiwindi
• glucagonoma
• somatostatinoma
• wosakhalitsa hyperglycemia - kudzikundikira kwakanthawi shuga.

Zofunika:si hyperglycemia iliyonse yomwe ingaganizidwe kukhala yopanda matenda - yokhayo yomwe imayamba motsutsana ndi maziko a kuphwanya kwenikweni kwa insulin.

Mukazindikira wodwala ndi hyperglycemia, madokotala ayenera kusiyanitsa matenda omwe ali pamwambawa - akapezeka ndi matenda, ndiye kuti matenda a shuga amakhala okakamizika, osakhalitsa. Matenda oyambawo atachiritsidwa, kapamba ndi zochita za insulin zimabwezeretseka.

Mitundu ya Matenda A shuga

Kulekanitsidwa kwa matendawa m'mitundu iwiri yayikulu ndi ntchito yofunika. Osangokhala mikhalidwe yosiyanitsa yomwe ili yachilengedwe mwa aliyense wa iwo, ngakhale chithandizo choyambirira cha matenda osokoneza bongo chidzachitika molingana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana. Koma munthu wodwala amakhalanso ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti mitundu yake imakhala yofanana, ndipo mankhwalawo nthawi zambiri amatsata njira yomweyo.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Amamuyitana matenda a shuga a insulin, imawerengedwa kuti ndi matenda oyenera ndipo odwala amakakamizidwa kutsatira zakudya zosafunikira pamoyo wawo wonse. Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic ndi thupi lomwe. Odwala omwe ali ndi vutoli amakakamizidwa kuti azidzibaya nthawi zonse ndi insulin ndipo popeza imawonongeka m'matumbo, zotsatira zake zimakhala zongowonjezera jakisoni. Zofunika:ndizosatheka kuti tichotse matendawa kwathunthu, koma mu mankhwala pakhala pali pamene kuchira kwachitika - odwala amatsatira mikhalidwe yapadera komanso zachilengedwe.

Type 2 shuga

Matenda amtunduwu amaganiziridwa osadalira insulini, amakula mwa anthu azaka zamakalamba (atatha zaka 40) onenepa. Izi zimachitika: maselo amthupi amadzaza ndi michere ndipo amasiya kumva za insulin. Kupereka jakisoni wa insulin kwa odwala otero sikofunikira ndipo ndi katswiri wokhayo yemwe angadziwe kuyenera kwa chithandizo chotere. Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda a shuga a 2 amapatsidwa zakudya zowonjezera, chifukwa chomwe kulemera kumachepera pang'onopang'ono (osaposa 3 kg pamwezi). Monga chomaliza.

Ngati zakudya sizipereka mphamvu, mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga atha kutumizidwa. Insulin imayikidwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, pomwe zamankhwala zimayambitsa chiopsezo m'moyo wa wodwalayo.

Kukula kwa matenda ashuga

Kusiyanitsa kumeneku kumathandizira kumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika kwa wodwala pamagawo osiyanasiyana a matendawa. Kugawidwa kotereku kumafunika ndi madokotala omwe, mwadzidzidzi, amatha kupanga lingaliro labwino pazamankhwala.

1 digiri. Uwu ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yamatenda omwe amafunsidwa - kuchuluka kwa glucose sikukwera kuposa 7 mmol / l, glucose samatulutsidwa mu mkodzo, kuchuluka kwa magazi kumakhalabe kosadukiza. Wodwala kwathunthu alibe zovuta za matenda ashuga, amalipidwa ndi zakudya komanso mankhwala apadera.

2 digiri. Matenda a shuga amayamba kulipidwa pang'ono, wodwalayo amakhala ndi zovuta zina. Pali zotupa za ziwalo zina - mwachitsanzo, masomphenya, impso, mitsempha yamagazi imavutika.

3 digiri. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kumeneku sikungathe kuthandizidwa ndimankhwala komanso zakudya, shuga amayamba kuthira mkodzo, ndipo mulingo wake ndi 14 mmol / l. Matenda a shuga a giredi 3 amakhala ndi zizindikiro zomveka bwino za zovuta - masinthidwe akucheperachepera, dzanzi lakumanzere / kutsika kwakutukuka likukula, ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi kumadziwika.

4 digiri. Maphunziro oopsa kwambiri a shuga amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose - mpaka 25 mmol / l, glucose komanso mapuloteni onse amawachotsa mkodzo, vuto silikukonzedwa ndi mankhwala aliwonse. Ndi matenda oterewa omwe amafunsidwa, kulephera kwa impso, zilonda zam'munsi, komanso zilonda zam'mbuyomu nthawi zambiri zimapezeka.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga

Matenda a shuga samayamba "kuyambitsa" mphezi mwachangu - amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kwa Zizindikiro, Kukula kwakutali. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa omwe amafunsidwa ndi monga:

1. Ludzu lalikulu, lomwe limakhala losatheka kukhutitsa. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha mpaka malita 5-7 amadzimadzi patsiku.
2. Khungu lowuma komanso kuyimitsidwa pang'ono, komwe nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa kuwonetsera kwamanjenje.
3. Nthawi zonse pakamwa pouma, mosasamala kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe wodwala amamwa tsiku lililonse.
4. Hyperhidrosis - thukuta kwambiri, lotchulidwa m'manja.
5. Kusintha kwa kulemera - munthu amachepetsa msanga popanda zakudya zilizonse, kapena amayamba kunenepa kwambiri.
6. Kufooka kwa minofu - odwala omwe ali koyambirira kwa matenda a shuga amamva kutopa, kulephera kugwira ntchito yamtundu wina.
7. Kuchiritsidwa kwakanthawi kwa mabala apakhungu - ngakhale kukandika wamba kumatha kukhala bala.
8. Machitidwe a pustular nthawi zambiri amadziwika pakhungu popanda chifukwa.

Chonde dziwani:ngakhale chimodzi mwazizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa zilipo, muyenera kufunafuna thandizo kuchokera kwa akatswiri posachedwa - makamaka wodwalayo amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga. Koma ngakhale matenda atafunsidwa adapezeka ndikuwathandiza pakukonzanso zamankhwala, kukulitsa zovuta zovuta za matenda a shuga ndizothekanso. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo:

1. Kupweteka pafupipafupi komanso chizungulire.
2. Kuthamanga kwa magazi - nthawi zina, zizindikiro zingafikire manambala ovuta.
3. Kuyenda kumasokonekera, ululu umapezeka nthawi zonse m'munsi.
4. Ululu mumtima.
5. Kukulitsa chiwindi - matendawa amawoneka ngati ophatikizika pokhapokha atakhalapo asanazindikire matenda ashuga.
6. Kutupa kwakukuru kwa nkhope ndi malekezero otsika.
7. Kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwakumverera kwamapazi.
8. Kutsika kopita patsogolo kopenyerera.
9. Fungo looneka bwino la acetone limayamba kutuluka kuchokera kwa wodwala.

Zoyambitsa matenda ashuga

Madokotala adazindikira zingapo zomwe zingayambitse kukula kwa matendawa omwe amafunsidwa. Izi zikuphatikiza:

1. Khalidweli. Izi sizitanthauza kubadwa kwa mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, kungotengera kumeneku. Zina zowopsa ziyenera kuchepetsedwa.
2. Matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus. Influenza, rubella, hepatitis ya miliri yachilengedwe ndi nkhuku - matendawa amatha "kukankha" kukulitsa matenda a shuga, makamaka ngati wodwalayo ali pachiwopsezo cha matendawa.
3. Kunenepa kwambiri. Kuti mupewe zizindikiro zoyambirira za shuga, ndikokwanira kuti muchepetse kunenepa.
4. Matenda ena. Kutupa kwa kapamba (kapamba), khansa ya kapamba, njira za m'matumbo ena zimatha kuwononga maselo omwe amapanga insulin.

Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kuteteza thupi ku nkhawa, kukhumudwa ndi mantha amthupi - izi zimatha kukhala choyambitsa chitukuko cha matenda ashuga.

Zofunika:munthu akamakula, ndiye kuti matendawa amafunsidwa. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, zaka khumi zilizonse, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a shuga umachulukitsidwa.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga

Ngati pali zokayikitsa za matenda ashuga, ndiye muyenera kuyesedwa kwathunthu - chifukwa muyenera kuyesa mayeso angapo, gwiritsani ntchito njira zoyeserera. Mndandanda wazidziwitso za matenda a shuga umaphatikizapo:

1. Laboratory magazi mayeso kukhalapo kwa shuga mkati mwake - kudya glycemia mtima.
2. Kuyesa kutsimikiza kwa kulolera kwa shuga - kuwunika kumachitika pakatha shuga.
3. Mphamvu zakukula kwa matendawa zimayang'aniridwa - glycemia imayesedwa kangapo patsiku.
4. Kusanthula kwamkodzo kwamkodzo kukhala ndi mapuloteni, glucose ndi leukocytes mmenemo (nthawi zambiri izi zimapezeka).
5. Laborator kuphunzira kusanthula kwa mkodzo kukhalapo kwa acetone mmenemo.
6. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa kukhalapo kwa glycosylated hemoglobin mmenemo - mulingo uwu ndi womwe umatsimikizira kukula kwa zovuta za matenda a shuga.
7. Kuyesa kwa magazi kwamankhwala osokoneza bongo - dokotala amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito a chiwindi ndi impso motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda ashuga omwe amapita patsogolo.
8. Kuyesedwa kwa Reberg kumachitika - kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa impso ndi kwamikodzo mundawo yomwe yapezeka ndi matenda osokoneza bongo yotsimikizika.
9. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kuti mupeze mulingo wa insulin.
10. Kuonana kwa Ophthalmologist ndi kuwunika kwa tsiku la ocular.
11. Ultrasound kuwunika kwam'mimba ziwalo.
12. Electrocardiogram - ntchito ya mtima motsutsana ndi maziko a shuga imayendetsedwa.
13. Kafukufuku wofuna kudziwa momwe kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zamagawo am'munsi kumathandizira - izi zimathandizira kupewa kukula kwa phazi la matenda ashuga.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kapena kuti akukayikira matendawa amayenera kuwunikiridwa ndi akatswiri akatswiri ngati njira yodziwira matenda. Maulendo oyenera amaphatikizapo madokotala:

• endocrinologist
• ophthalmologist
• mtima
• opaleshoni ya mtima
• neuropathologist.

Mwazi wamagazi

Chizindikiro chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri chokhudza thanzi la anthu odwala matenda ashuga, chomwe chimatha kukhala chidziwitso pakugwiritsa ntchito ziwalo ndi machitidwe, ndi mulingo wa shuga m'magazi. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti madotolo "amanyoza" popereka chithandizo chapadera komanso kupereka mankhwala. Pali phindu lomveka bwino lomwe liziwonetsa kwa wodwala ndi dokotala mkhalidwe wa metabolism ya carbohydrate.

Chonde dziwani:pofuna kusiyira kulandila zotsatira zabodza zabodza, ndikofunikira kuti musangoyesa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso kuyesa mayeso ololera a glucose (sampuli yamagazi yokhala ndi shuga).

Kuti mutengere magazi ndi katundu wa shuga, muyenera kaye kuyezetsa magazi moyenera, kenako tengani magalamu 75 a mafuta osungunuka (ogulitsidwa m'mafakisoni) ndikuyesanso pambuyo pa maola 1 kapena 2. Mitundu imaperekedwa patebulo (mtengo woyezera - mmol / l): Pambuyo popita kuwunikira kawiri, ndikofunikira kudziwa zotsatirazi mfundo zotsatirazi:

• Kuphatikiza kwa Hyperglycemic ndiko kuchuluka kwa glucose ola limodzi pambuyo poti shuga ayambe kusala magazi. Nthawi zambiri, chisonyezo sichiyenera kupitirira 1.7.
• Hypoglycemic coeffnty - kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magawo 2 atatha shuga kuthira magazi. Nthawi zambiri, chizindikirocho sichiyenera kupitirira 1.3.

Matenda a shuga

Zizindikiro za kuperewera kwa matenda ashuga zikukula mwachangu, kuwombera mwachangu - simungathe kuzengereza kwa mphindi, ndikusiya wodwalayo akuwopseza moyo wake. Chizindikiro chowopsa kwambiri ndikuphwanya chikumbumtima cha anthu, chomwe chimadziwika ndi kuponderezana kwake, kuletsa kwa wodwalayo. Matenda a ketoacidotic omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi omwe amapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi poizoni wambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, maselo amitsempha amatsitsa amayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zoopsa, ndipo chachikulu, ndipo nthawi zina chokhacho, chizindikiro cha ketoacidotic chikomokere ndimankhwala osasunthika, osakanikirana a acetone kuchokera kwa wodwala.

Mtundu wachiwiri womwe umadziwika kwambiri ndi chikomokere, womwe umayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulin. Pankhaniyi, wodwala amakhala ndi zotsatirazi:

• chikumbumtima chosazindikira - kukomoka,
• Nkhope ndi manja atakutidwa ndi thukuta lozizira - kuchuluka kwake ndikwakukulu ndikuwonekeratu ndi maso amaliseche,
• kuchepa msanga / kovuta m'magazi a glucose amalembedwa.

Pali mitundu ina ya ma shuga a shuga, koma nthawi zambiri amakula.

Kuthamanga kwa magazi

Kupanikizika kwa magazi kumatha kudziwa kukula kwakukula kwa matendawa omwe akufunsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuwonjezeka kwa kupsinjika kumazindikirika ndi kupanikizika pafupipafupi, izi zitha kuwonetsa kuti pali zovuta zina - diabetesic nephropathy (impso sizigwira ntchito). Madokotala nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana a shuga amayeza magazi pafupipafupi - kutsika kwake kumawonetsa kuwonongeka kwamitsempha.

Edema wodwala matenda ashuga

Amawonetsa kukula kwa kulephera kwa mtima ndi nephropathy. Ndi edema yosalekeza, yophatikizidwa ndi kusakhazikika kwa shuga m'magazi, ndikofunikira kufunafuna thandizo kuchokera kwa madokotala - vutoli ndi lalikulu kwambiri ndipo nthawi iliyonse impso zimalephera kwathunthu kapena kulowerera kungachitike.

Zilonda zam'mimba

Amapezeka mwa odwala omwe akhala akulimbana ndi matenda ashuga nthawi yayitali ndipo amakula, choyambirira, pamiyendo yawo (pamakhala lingaliro la "phazi la matenda ashuga"). Vuto ndilakuti anthu samvera chidwi ndi zomwe zimayambira kuwoneka ngati matenda a shuga - chimanga, limodzi ndi zowawa m'miyendo ndi kutupa kwawo. Odwala amalowetsedwa kwa dokotala pamene phazi limasanduka lofiira, kutupa kumatula kwambiri (wodwalayo sangathe kuyimirira pamapazi ake ndikuvala nsapato).

Vuto lalikulu kwambiri lomwe limayamba posachedwa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yayikulu ndi yaying'ono. Nthawi zambiri, gangrene amapezeka m'malekezero ochepa, samayankha chithandizo ndipo nthawi zambiri amayambitsa kudula miyendo (koma pali zina).

Kupewa matenda ashuga

Ngati matenda a shuga avomerezedwa kale ndi dokotala, ndiye kuti ndiyofunikira kuyesetsa kupewa zovuta zake. Kukhala ndi matenda omwe amafunsidwa ndikwenikweni, ndipo kukhala ndi moyo mokwanira, pokhapokha ngati patakhala zovuta zina. Njira zodzitetezera zimaphatikizapo:

• kunenepa - ngati wodwala akuwona kuti akupeza mapaundi owonjezera, ndiye kuti muyenera kulumikizana ndi katswiri wazakudya ndikupeza malangizowo popanga menyu wabwino,
• zolimbitsa thupi mosalekeza - dokotala wofotokozera ayenera kukhala achangu chotani,
• kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Matenda a shuga amadziwika kuti ndi matenda osachiritsika, koma ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri apezeka, ndiye kuti pali mwayi wowachira kwathunthu - muyenera kusankha zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kagayidwe. Ntchito yayikulu ya wodwala yomwe ili ndi matenda ndikuti aletse kukula kwa zovuta zomwe zimabweretsa chiopsezo ku thanzi la munthu komanso moyo. Mudzalandira zambiri mwatsatanetsatane njira zodziwira matenda, mitundu, magawo ndi chithandizo cha matenda ashuga powonera izi:

Tsygankova Yana Aleksandrovna, wowonera zachipatala, wothandizira wa gulu lalikulu kwambiri

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