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Anatitumizira nkhani yodabwitsa, yomwe sitingathe kuipeza! Munthu aliyense amangokakamira kuti aziwerenga, mosasamala kanthu kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga kapena ayi.

Ndiye, lembani matenda ashuga 1, ndi chiyani? Mwakuyankhula za sayansi.

Thupi lathu limakhala ndi chiwalo chomwe chimalemera pafupifupi gramu. Galamu yokha, koma simungathe kukhala popanda iyo. Pazaka zambiri, thupi ili limakana pafupifupi anthu 1,5,000 a ku Belarusi, ziwerengerozo zili pafupi 20,000. Izi sizinachitike, ndipo madokotala akukamba za mliri. Kodi chikuchitika ndi chiani?

1. Kodi malo a Langerhans ndi ati?

Masamba ang'onoang'ono a maselo apadera amabalalika mchira wa zikondamoyo za anthu, ngati zilumba zam'nyanja. Masango awa akuwoneka ngati zilumba, ndipo amatchedwa choncho - zilumba za Langerhans, otchedwa dokotala wa ku Berlin yemwe adawapima zaka zambiri ndi theka zapitazo. Malinga ndi magulu a masilabo: Malenje-ma gerani.

Kuchuluka kwa zilumba za Langerhans kuli pafupi gramu, koma ichi ndiye chiwalo chofunikira kwambiri cha endocrine, chomwe chimatulutsa timadzi tambiri tating'onoting'ono tambiri, tomwe ndi insulin. Insula, yotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini, imatanthawuza "chilumba", ma molekyulu a insulin amatha kuyerekezera ngati okhala pachilumba kuchokera ku zilumba zomwezi za Langerhans.

Kupita paulendo kudzera mthupi, "zilumbazi" izi molunjika kwa Mulungu zimayang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndipo glucose amadyetsa maselo a minofu, ndiye gwero lalikulu la mphamvu pazinthu zonse za padziko lapansi. Popanda insulini, shuga sangadzamwe, ndipo ngati sangamwe, ochulukirapo, amakhala poizoni.

2. Kodi insulin imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Insulin imatsegula zimitsempha za m'magazi, glucose amalowa m'maselo ndipo amawonongeka nawo, mulingo wake m'magazi umatsikira kukhala wabwinobwino. Ndikusowa kwa insulin, nembanemba imakutidwa, minofu imakhala ndi njala, ndipo glucose wosagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magazi amasonkhana pamlingo wovuta ndipo, limodzi ndi acetone wopangidwa, amawononga thupi.

Ingoganizirani zisumbu za Langerhans mwadzidzidzi zikusowa pokhala. Pazifukwa zina, maselo a beta omwe amapanga insulin adamwalira, anthu pachilumbachi adamwalira. Izi ndi zowopsa, wodwalayo amakhala ndi masiku angapo, mwina sabata. Koma pafupifupi anthu 20,000 ku Belarus ndipo mpaka 20 miliyoni padziko lapansi amakhalabe zaka. Mungachite bwanji?

Zikhala kuti ngati mulibe insulin yanu, mutha kubayitsa mlendo. Koma zochuluka motani? Lowani pang'ono → hyperglycemia → kuwonjezeka kwamitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi, kuwonongeka kowonekera, kulephera kwa impso, kubayidwa kwambiri kapena kuphonya, kubayidwa m'malo mwa gawo lozungulira pamsempha → mwachangu hypoglycemia, chikomokere.

3. Kodi chimasokoneza ndi chiyani zisumbu za Langerhans?

Hyperglycemia ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi, hypoglycemia ndikusowa kwake. Zinthu zonsezi ndi zakupha. Pakati pawo - wamba - moyo umapitilira. Mukukumbukira wowonera wamba, wopsinjika, mphindi yomwe ili m'mafilimu omwe ngwazi, ikasokoneza mgodi, iyenera kusankha pakati pa mawaya awiri - ofiira ndi abuluu?

Munthu yemwe zisumbu za Langerhans zimakanidwa kwathunthu, usana ndi usiku, ali pamavuto - simungathe kulakwitsa! Koma ngati ngwazi yomwe ili mufilimu, kusankha waya, imangodabwitsanso ndipo ndi mwayi, ndiye kuti ngwazi yathu, ikamayamwa insulin, siyiyenera kulingalira, koma mwachangu (kuwerengetsa mphindi) kuthana ndi ma equations angapo.

Ambiri a ife, powuka m'makalasi a masamu, timaganiza: izi sizokayikitsa kuti zitha kubwera kwa ine. Koma kwa munthu, tsopano, masamu sanali othandiza, koma adakhala ofunika kuti asafe. Ndipo kuyung'udza sikungathandize. Ndipo phunziroli siloti kudumpha. Ndipo "deuce to magazine" ndi ofanana ndi sentensi. Nthawi zonse amakhala pa bolodi. Werengani, werengani. Kukhala ndi moyo.

4. Chovuta chakuwongolera kapamba

Vuto ndilakuti pafupifupi anthu onse odwala ndi ana. Makolo amawaganizira. Madokotala amatha kuwerengetsa masiku angapo - osaloledwa, dzifunseni nokha. Zina zitha kuthandizidwa mothandizidwa ndi mapulogalamu / mapulogalamu, zida ndi machitidwe, ngati pali ndalama zokwanira kuti mugule (zina patsamba ili pansipa).

Kulondola kwaumulungu kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kabwino sikokokomeza. Sayansi, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ma supercomputer, luntha lochita kupanga, mabiliyoni a madola ku budget, sangathe kupanga ma algorithms achilengedwe popereka insulin. Chidziwitso chomwe chilipo ndi mulingo wopulumutsa.

Insulin ndiye mahomoni ophunziridwa kwambiri. Mankhwala a insulin ali ndi zaka zana limodzi. Komabe, simungathe kuchita popanda kuwerengera "zolemba". Amati pali foni ya quantum kale. Koma palibenso gadget yomwe ikhoza kubwereza yokha insulin yopanga inshuwaransi. Koma kodi pali chiyani?

5. Kodi matenda a shuga amawongolera ndi chiyani?

Kuchokera zapamwamba komanso zodula:
1) kachitidwe kogwiritsa ntchito mosamalitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi sensor subcutaneous sensor,
2) kachitidwe ka insulin poperekera ma microdoses pafupipafupi okhala ndi catheter wofatsa,
3) prototypes omwe amaphatikiza magulu onse pansi pa dzina loyipa komanso lolakwika la "pancreas yokumba".

Kuchokera pazomwe zilipo:
1) glucometer okhala ndi zingwe zamayeso ndi zingwe zamtundu wa magazi,
2) syringes wamba ndi cholembera cholembera ma insulin amachepetsa pang'ono jakisoni.

Mukufuna kudziwa kuyesedwa kwa magazi kuchokera chala chanu ndi jakisoni m'mimba mwanu? Ndipo kwa ena ndizofala, mwambo wobwerezabwereza masana.

Muyenera kuboola zala zanu kawiri kawiri: musanadye chilichonse komanso mutatha, usiku, usiku - pafupifupi nthawi 10. Izi ndizochepera ngati shuga ndi "womvera". Koma ndi kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi kwamaganizidwe, mu unamwali komanso ndi chimfine, kugwiritsa ntchito shuga ndizovuta kuneneratu, kotero kuchuluka kwa miyezo kumatha kuwirikiza.

6. Chifukwa chiyani matenda ashuga?

Mayeso a 10 patsiku, 20. Mapiritsi ogwetsedwa pang'onopang'ono amasiya kumva. Anthu "okoma" akuti sizikupwetekanso. Zingwe ndizopweteka kwambiri koma ndizolekerera. Ndikofunikira kupirira pafupipafupi 6-8 patsiku. Minofu yamafuta osunthika m'malo ovulazidwa imatha kukhala yoonda, yopunduka, imatchedwa lipodystrophy.

Chifukwa chiyani anthu awa ndi "okoma"? Chifukwa matenda awo, malinga ndi chizindikiro - "shuga" wowonjezereka m'magazi ndi mkodzo - amatchedwa shuga mellitus kapena, m'Chilatini - shuga matenda a shuga (shuga mell (tus). Mawu akuti "Diabayno" ndi liwu Lachigiriki lotanthauza "kudutsa," "kudutsa." Kodi achi Greek amatanthauza chiyani?

Malinga ndi zikhulupiriro zakale, madzi aliwonse amayenda kudzera mwa odwala matenda ashuga osazengereza. Ngakhale kuti amamwa zochuluka motani, zonse zidatuluka mwachangu ndi mkodzo (polyuria), ludzu losautsali lidathetsa wokhala wopanda pake. Ngati mkodzo unali wokoma - matenda a shuga, osadziwika - shuga wa insipidus (mwachitsanzo, shuga insipidus).

7. Kodi mitundu ya matenda ashuga ndi iti?

Pali asanu matenda a insipidus. Palinso shuga zisanu, zimaphatikizidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mtundu 1 (T1D) - ma pancreatic β-maselo akuwonongeka, insulin siyipangidwe, mtundu 2 (T2D) - insulini imapangidwa, koma ma cell membranes omwe amakhala nawo minofu amawazindikira pang'ono. kukana (insulin kukana).

Matenda a 2 a shuga amayenderana ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kukhala pansi, kumatchedwa vuto la nthawi yathu ino. Vuto lalikulu la omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba ndi kusamutsira iwo kwa malingaliro amomwe amayambitsa matendawa.

Pakadali pano, chikhalidwe cha T1D ndi T2D ndichosiyana kwambiri. T1D ndi matenda a autoimmune omwe amakhala ndi etiology yosadziwika bwino; sizikudziwika momwe angapewere; T2D ndimatenda a metabolic omwe ali ndi etiology yodziwika bwino; momwe angapewere izi zimadziwika.

8. Chifukwa chiyani maselo a beta amafa?

Kodi nchifukwa chiyani ma insulocytes (β-cell) amafera m'mabwalo a Langerhans? Iwo, "atachita misala", amagwidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi. Mwa kuthekera kwakukulu, zomwe zimayambitsa vuto, kutengera zakumtsogolo, ndizinthu zachilengedwe: ma virus, poizoni. Ubwenzi wapakati pa T1D ndi kudyetsa ana ndi mkaka wa ng'ombe adadziwika.

Kukhazikika kwa T1D ndi T2D pakuwona kwamasiku ndi tsiku ndi vuto lakukhumudwitsa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi T1D, chifukwa T2D nthawi zambiri imakhala matenda amoyo, kupewa kwake ndikudya / moyo wathanzi. Ndipo T1D prophylaxis kulibe, ndi kuphatikiza koopsa kwa zifukwa zosapangidwira.

Munthu amayenera kupirira malingaliro oyipa, kunyozedwa, kufotokozera ngakhale kupereka zifukwa.

Kodi matenda amshuga 1 angalepheretsedwe?

Mwina ayi inde. Matenda a Autoimmune amayamba nthawi yodziwika ndi "mabatani" angapo: mwachitsanzo, "nkhawa + flu + mkaka", "toxin + heredity + antiotic", "katemera + mavitamini + kutenga pakati" ndi zina zomwe mungaganizire.

9. Nchiyani chomwe chimayambitsa kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga?

Poyerekeza chitetezo, "wakubayo" sangathe kutseguka, koma atha kukhala zaka zambiri, mpaka kubereka. Odwala ndi okondedwa awo, poyang'ana m'mbuyo, akusintha zochitika, kusinkhasinkha, kusinkhasinkha pazomwe zachitika, amalingalira kuti angolingalira kena kake, koma malingaliro awo, komanso malingaliro a ofufuzawo, amangokayikira.

Komabe, othandizira amadziwika kuti, kamodzi m'thupi, adzawononga β-cell ndikupangitsa T1D. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala a streptozocin, pentamidine, pisinuron pirinuron, pyriminil, vacor. Kuwopsa kwawo kwatsimikiziridwa, koma kupanga ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko ena kukupitirirabe!

Kodi mukufuna kukhala ndi moyo - khalani ndi ana

Anthu okhala ndi ana amakhala motalikirapo kuposa wopanda ana

Anthu omwe ali ndi ana amakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali kuposa wopanda mwana - Malingaliro okhutira asayansi otere adapangidwa ndi asayansi aku Sweden. Kusiyana kwa nthawi ya moyo pakati pa iwo ndi ena patatha zaka 60 ndi zaka ziwiri. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa abambo.

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Ntchito yachiwiri yolumikizidwa imayendetsedwa ndi a DJ Jay Caruso kenako wochita zisudzo Shayi LaBeouf. Kanema wawo woyamba wolumikizidwa anali wosangalatsa komanso wosangalatsa ndipo ntchitoyi singakweze kukayikira za mtunduwo.

Zinakonzedwa kuti Steven Spielberg azikhala pampando wa wamkulu, koma adakonda kugwira nawo filimu yomaliza ya Indiana Jones, ngakhale adakhalabe wopanga wamkulu wa tepiyo. Zambiri zokhudza filimuyi zimadziwikiratu ndipo mutha kungoganiza kuti mukadzayang'ana chithunzicho simudzatopetsa.
Koma ngati mulibe mtima wofuna kuwona chithunzichi mutatha kuwerenga mawuwa, kuwonera kawonakakusintha kwambiri posankha.

Khalidwe lalikulu, munthu wachinyamata yemwe amakhala moyo wosasamala ndipo samalimbikira chilichonse. Mchimwene wake amapita, akumukakamiza kuti akumanenso ndi banja lake. Atafika, mnyamatayo amapeza ndalama zambiri pamakadi a ngongole ndi mabokosi osawerengeka m'nyumba yake. Mnzake wosaukayo sakudziwa kuti anakokedwa mumasewera owopsa. Poyerekeza ndi izi, mayiyo amalandila foni ali okha, yomwe ikunena kuti ngati satsatira malangizo onse, mwana wake amwalira.

Chithunzicho ndi chowala kwambiri komanso champhamvu, chili ndi nyanja ya adrenaline ndipo, chofunikira kwambiri, chidwi chomwe chimapangitsa oonera kuti azikhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri chithunzicho, pafupifupi magawo awiri pa atatu akuwonera. Ndizovuta kulosera momwe otsogolawo amatuluka m'mavuto komanso momwe adzakwaniritsire ntchito zosatheka komanso zovuta kuti apulumutse miyoyo yawo. Chithunzicho chili ndi mphamvu ndi mtundu wina womwe umathandizira wowonerera ali wokangalika ndikuwongolera pazenera.

Osewera adasewera bwino kwambiri, kubadwanso mwatsopano momwe angathere kuchokera kwa otchulidwa awo ndikuyesera kufotokoza momwe akumvera komanso momwe akumvera ngati zonse zachitika. Kuphatikiza pazinsinsi komanso kuchitapo kanthu, kuchita masewera kumathandizanso pakuchita zinthu zofunika kwambiri, pomwe otchulidwa akuwoneka kuti ali okhulupilika ndikupangitsa tepi kukhala yowoneka bwino komanso yosangalatsa.

Chitsimikizo: Ndikupangira onse mafani azosangalatsa omwe ali ndi chiwembu chosangalatsa kuti awaone.