Kodi pasitala imatha kukhala ndi kapamba?

Kutupa kwa kapamba kumayendetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zosasangalatsa. Zizindikiro za kapamba ndi ululu, kupweteka kwa mucous nembanemba wa zomwe zakhudzidwa. Ndi matenda otere, zakudya zapadera zimalembedwa zomwe sizimaphatikizapo zotsekemera, zowawa, zowawasa, zamafuta, zamchere. Chimodzi mwa zakudya zofala pakati pa anthu ndi pasitala. Kukopa ndi kukoma kwawo, kuthamanga kwa kuphika. Kodi ndibwino kudya pasitala ndi kapamba, ndizomwe zili ndi maphikidwe othandiza.

Zakudya zochiritsika zimaphatikizapo mbale zopepuka, zamafuta ochepa, zomwe zimaphika mofulumira. Zinthu zonse zimayang'aniridwa ndi boma lophika mofatsa - kuphika, kutsitsa, mbale zonyowa, kuphika. Kuti muyankhe funsoli, kodi ndizotheka kudya pasitala ndi kapamba, ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse zomwe malonda awa ali.

Magiredi olimba

Pasitala yotere imakonzedwa kuchokera ku tirigu wa durum. Ali ndi mavitamini yamagulu B, E, omwe ali ndi michere yambiri yothandiza:

  • chitsulo
  • ayodini
  • potaziyamu
  • magnesium
  • sodium
  • phosphorous
  • fluorine
  • zinc.

Ndi kuwonjezera kwa mbale za pasitala, chakudyacho chimakhala bwino chifukwa cha mapuloteni apamwamba a masamba, CHIKWANGWANI, mafuta osaphatikizidwa, shuga osachedwa. Mankhwalawo amadzidimbidwa mwachangu ndikumwazika. Ufa uwu umakhala ndi wowuma, zakudya zamafuta, zomwe zimakhudza dongosolo logaya chakudya, zolimbikitsa matumbo.

Chifukwa chake, pasitala kuchokera ku durum tirigu amayenera ndipo ayenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya za wodwala ndi kapamba. Alibe zotsutsana, kupatula kuchitidwa opareshoni. Ndikofunika kuphunzira mosamala ma CD ndi kapangidwe kake (onetsetsani kuti mumazindikira "Premium, Gulu A"). Amakonda ma casseroles, soups, mbale za pasitala za ufa wolimba.

Mitundu yofewa

Macaroni opangidwa kuchokera ku tirigu wofewa samalimbikitsidwa chifukwa cha kapamba. Zakudya zoterezi ndizosavomerezeka ngakhale ndi matendawa. Ndi zovuta kugaya, kutsitsa m'mimba ndi kapamba. Kulemedwa kwambiri kumakhudza machitidwe a exocrine ndi endocrine, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yawo ikhale yochepetsetsa.

Zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu yofewa zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ochepa, gluten, ndi gluten. Pogula pasitala mu sitolo, amayang'anira momwe zimapangidwira, chilemba paphukusili. Mutha kusinthitsa menyu omwe mumakonda kugwiritsa ntchito pasitala wopangidwa kuchokera ku mpunga kapena ufa wa buckwheat, wokhala ndi mavitamini kapena chinangwa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso kupweteka

Kuphatikiza, menyu wazakudya, pasitala wokhala ndi kapamba, muyenera kudziwa ngati angathe kudyedwa mwa mtundu uliwonse wa matendawa. Matendawa amapita pachimake komanso matenda osachiritsika.

Panthawi yakuchulukirachulukira, zizindikiro zosasangalatsa komanso zizindikilo zimakulirakulira. Wodwalayo amamva kupweteka kwambiri, kutaya mtima. Fomu yokhazikika imaphatikizira kumatenda a matendawa.

Mu gawo la pancreatitis loopsa, ndizoletsedwa kudya pasitala iliyonse. Zogulitsa zapamwamba kwambiri zimangopindulitsa mwa mawonekedwe osakhazikika pang'onopang'ono. Zakudya zotere sizovomerezeka panthawi yowonjezera, chifukwa imatha kuwonjezera kutulutsa kwa bile, komwe, ikadzamwa, kumapangitsa kutupa. Kuthamanga kwa minyewa yamatumbo yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha zakudya zoonda kumayambitsa kupweteka, kuonjezera kutsekula m'mimba.

Kudya pasitala kuchokera ku ufa wa wholemeal kumangololedwa kokha ndi mawonekedwe a kapamba. Munthawi imeneyi, zopweteka zimatha, zizindikiro zosasangalatsa zimadutsa. Kuti mbale zoterezi zikhale zopindulitsa zokha, osati zovulaza, muyenera kuphika bwino.

Njira zophikira

Kodi ndi pasta wabwinoko, amatha kapena osachita spaghetti ndi vermicelli wa kapamba? Mutha kutero, koma kutsatira malamulo mukaphika:

  1. Ndikofunika kudya pang'ono pasiti yophika pang'ono.
  2. Ngati vermicelli ndi yayitali, imaduswa m'malo angapo isanatumizidwe kumadzi otentha.
  3. Pomaliza kuphika, amaponyedwa mu colander, kenako ndikatsukidwa ndikutsanulidwa ndi batala wosungunuka, wosakanizidwa.
  4. Ndi zoletsedwa mwachangu kuzipanga.
  5. Ndi malingaliro abwino, pastass-based casseroles amaloledwa.

Kupangitsa mbale kukhala zathanzi komanso chokoma, njira zingapo zophikira zimaperekedwa:

  1. Vermicelli imaphwanyidwa tizidutswa tating'ono, timatumizira madzi otentha owiritsa, owiritsa kwa mphindi 30. Idzakulira, kukula kwake kudzasandukira phala, zopatsa mphamvu za mbale zimachepa. Chomalizidwa chimaponyedwa mu colander, kutsukidwa, mafuta a masamba amawonjezeredwa.
  2. Kuphika casserole. Vermicelli amakhala wowiritsa, wothiriridwa kutentha kwa chipinda. Pakadali pano, kumenya dzira limodzi, ndikusakaniza ndi 80 g ya tchizi chamafuta ochepa. Phatikizani mbale yophika ndi batala, ikani zosakaniza zokonzedwamo. Kuphika mu uvuni kwa mphindi 15, mpaka kutumphuka ndi golide kwambiri.
  3. Zosankha zotchuka zopanga tokha. Konzedwe kokha kuchokera ku ufa wa wholemeal, kutenga 300 g ya malonda monga maziko. 3 mazira 3 amayendetsedwa mmenemo, mtanda umapangidwa kuti ukhale wokhazikika. Kukulunga ndi filimu yokakamira, kusiya kwa ola limodzi. Pomaliza mtanda adagulung'undisa ndi zigawo mpaka 2mm wandiweyani, wouma, wosemedwa. Wiritsani osaposa 7 mphindi.

Mulingo wa pasitala

Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu kuchokera ku ufa wa wholemeal, monga pasitala wokhala ndi pancreatitis, kumaloledwa ndipo ndizothandiza, koma zochuluka, chifukwa cha gawo la matendawa. Ngati matendawa akuchulukirachulukira, mitundu ina iliyonse siyiyikidwa kunja, apo ayi njira yotupa imakulirakulira.

Matenda akuluakulu a kapamba amalola kugwiritsa ntchito mbale zotere, koma pang'ono. Mukakhala ndi mphamvu, chizolowezi cha tsiku ndi tsiku sichikhala choposa 250 g. Yang'anirani momwe thupi lakhalira kuti pasakhale katundu pa dongosolo logaya chakudya.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa pasitala mu pancreatic pathology

Kusankha kwamphamvu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kapamba nthawi zambiri sikukukhudza mbale yofikira mbali ngati phala. Ndiwopanda mankhwala mosamala mu matendawa okhala ndi pathogenesis yodziwika ndi chithunzi cha matenda.

Komabe, makampani amakono azakudya amatulutsa mitundu yambiri ya pasitala kotero kuti nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kupeza chofunikira komanso kapangidwe kake.

Kuti malonda azitha kutengeka mosavuta komanso asapangitse chinsinsi kwambiri kuchokera ku kapamba, malingaliro otsatirawa ayenera kuganiziridwa popita ku malo ogulitsira:

  1. Ndi kapamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pasitala kokha kuchokera ku tirigu wa durum. Zinthu zomwe zimachokera pamenepa sizopangidwa ndi mafuta ndipo zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri az masamba. Kukula kwa coarse kumakulitsa mtengo wa malonda.
  2. Kufewetsa zofewa za pasitala kumapangitsa kuti mtengo wake ukhale wotsika pang'ono. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo pakachulukidwe ka chifuwa chachikulu kapena m'nthawi yoyamba yamatenda sikuvomerezeka.

Ku Italy, zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku ufa wa wholemeal zimawerengedwa kuti ndi msuzi. Danga la pambuyo pa Soviet silimagwirizana ndi gulu loterolo, ndipo limayika zinthuzi kuti ndizolemba zapamwamba.

Mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku wa zinthu

Kuchuluka kwa msuzi womwe wodwala aliyense amaloledwa kudya zimatengera gawo la chotupa chake:

  1. Mu gawo lachiwopsezo cha pancreatic pathology, pasitala imatsutsana mwanjira iliyonse.
  2. Kuyimitsa ntchito yovuta kwambiri kumalola kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zophika mu kuchuluka kwa magalamu zana limodzi.
  3. Kulekerera kosalekeza kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mudye pasitala komanso mbale kuchokera kwa iwo, zomwe siziposa magalamu mazana atatu.

Kusintha kuchokera ku njala komwe kukuwoneka pachimake pancreatitis kukhala chakudya chambiri sikuyenera kuyamba ndi pasitala.

Kulowetsa kwawo mu zakudya kumachitika pambuyo pa kukula kwa masamba ndi zipatso zouma, msuzi wamasamba. Njirayo ikamaliza, simuyenera kudya nthawi yomweyo zonse zokhala ndi pasitala, ndibwino kuyamba ndi supuni zingapo. M'pofunika kuyang'ana momwe anthu osatetezeka amayambira kukhazikitsa chakudya chatsopano, pokhapokha pakuchita zowawa zambiri zomwe zingapangitse kuti mankhwala awonjezeke.

Ngakhale spaghetti wapamwamba kwambiri kapena vermicelli imatha kuyambitsa zowawa za matenda am'mimba pancreatic. Lingaliro lodziwika bwino lomwe loti bizinesiyo siyabwino kuphika yolakwika: ingayambitse kuchepa kwa chiwindi ndi kapamba.

Zakudya Zakale

Kuphika ndi kuphika pasitala kumalamulira malamulo awiri ofunika:

  1. Chochita sichikulimbikitsidwa kuti mwachangu ndi mafuta ambiri a masamba.
  2. Pasitala sayenera kupitilira, osawagwiritsa ntchito ndi zonunkhira kapena sosi.

Mu chifuwa chachikulu cha khansa, chidzakhala choyenera:

  • wiritsani
  • gwiritsani ntchito mu kuphika mbale.

Pa gawo lothandizidwa ndi pachimake, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthyola vermicelli yayitali ndikuphika kwa theka la ora.

Pazakudya zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ma casseroles omwe amakhala ndi pasta amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mankhwalawa ayenera kuwiritsa ndi kusakaniza ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta otsika kanyumba tchizi kapena nyama yophika.

Amayi ambiri okhala kunyumba amakonzera Zakudyazi zopangidwa kuchokera ku ufa wowerengeka ndi mazira, omwe amapereka mtanda wolimba. Kudula kofunda kwa ntchitoyo kumachepetsa nthawi yophika mpaka mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Chifukwa chake, kudya kwa wodwala wokhala ndi pancreatitis yayikulu sikumangokhala malamulo oletsa kuperewera kwa zakudya zabwino komanso zakudya zomwe amakonda. Gome lazakudya limaphatikizapo mbale zambiri zomwe sizimalola kuti odwala azidziona kuti ndi otsika, pomwe nthawi yomweyo, mndandanda umakhala ndizolimbitsa thupi.

Kodi pasitala onse ndi otetezeka?

Anthu omwe ali ndi pancreatitis amadziwa kuchokera ku zomwe awona kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kusankha zakudya zoyenera kuchokera kuzakudya zovomerezeka. Munthu amene amadziwa bwino zofunikira zodwala nthawi zambiri amakhala wokhumudwa, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti pafupifupi zakudya zonse zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zoletsedwa. M'malo mwake, izi siziri choncho, ndipo pakapita nthawi, aliyense amakula pang'onopang'ono menyu, kuphatikizapo zatsopano zosangalatsa, zosangalatsa, komanso koposa zonse, zathanzi labwino. Gastroenterologists saletsa pasitala, omwe amaphatikizidwa muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za banja lililonse, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa zina zake.

Ndi mavuto am'mimba thirakiti, kusankha pasitala, muyenera kuyang'anira mawonekedwe awo:

  • Zothandiza kwambiri komanso zotetezeka zimatengedwa kuti ndi pasitala wa tirigu wa durum (alibe mafuta, pomwe ali ndi mapuloteni amitundu yambiri),
  • Zakudya zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi vermicelli ndizoletsedwa kokhako chifukwa cha kupopera komanso kukokomeza, chifukwa zimakumbidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, mwakutero zimapatsa katundu wambiri kapamba, yemwe amafunika kupuma.

Masiku ano, mashopu ali ndi kusankha kwakukulu kwa pasitala. Kodi ndingathe kudya chilichonse? Kuti musankhe oyenera, muyenera kuyang'ana ma CD. Kulemba “Opambana kwambiri. Gulu A "litanthauza kuti izi zimapangidwa kuchokera ku tirigu wa durum. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kulabadira mtengo wake. Nthawi zambiri kukwera mtengo, kumakhala bwino pasitala.


Ambiri amanyalanyaza phindu la pasitala. M'malo mwake, ali ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri

Kodi pali zotsutsana?

Ndikachulukirachulukira ka matenda am'mimba, mndandanda wazakudya zovomerezeka umachepera, ndipo pasitala, ngakhale ufa womwe adakonzedwa umakhala wowopsa. Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndi chizolowezi kukonza zinthu kuchokera ku durum tirigu kupita ku boma la "al-dente", mwachidule - undercooked. Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zotere ndi koopsa ndipo kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zosasangalatsa:

  • Kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa bile kumalimbikitsidwa, komwe kumakhudza mkhalidwe waumunthu pachimake cha kapamba,
  • Kusintha kwa thupi kumachita bwino, komwe kumatha kupangitsa kapena kukulitsa kutsekula m'mimba.

Chifukwa chake, mu nthawi yovuta kwambiri yamatendawa, kudya pasitala sikuletsedwa, koma panthawi yokhazikika, amatha kukhala maziko a chakudya cha munthu aliyense. Komabe, ndi kuphweka komanso kuwoneka kwa mano awa, muyenera kuphika bwino.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mbale za pasitala mu zakudya

Pokonzekera mbale iliyonse ya pasitala, muyenera kuwongoleredwa ndi malamulo oyambira azakudya zothanirana - chilichonse chimangophika ndi kuwotchera (kupatula okazinga, kusuta, mchere, zonunkhira, mafuta) kuti zikondamoyo zisakumanenso ndi nkhawa. Ndikofunikira kuyambitsa pasitala m'zakudya pang'onopang'ono, osakaniza bwino mbale kuchokera kwa iwo.

Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa matendawa mpaka kufika pachimake chovuta, mutha kuyamba kuyesa ndi vermicelli wamba yophika:

  • tengani vermicelli yaying'ono ("cobweb") kapena smash spaghetti,
  • ikani madzi otentha. Ngakhale mukudwala, mutha kuwona malamulo oyambira ophika mukaphika pasitala - omwe amatchedwa "lamulo 1110." Pa 100 magalamu a pasitala, madzi okwanira 1 litre ndi magalamu 10 amchere amatengedwa,
  • kuphika pa kutentha kwapakatikati kwa mphindi zosachepera 30 (izi zimachitika kuti pamapeto pake ziziwuma kuti zikhale wowuma, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri zopatsa mphamvu za zomalizidwa ndikupangitsa kuti zizitha kugaya chakudya, zomwe ndizofunikira pakudya)
  • kutaya pasitala mu colander, kukhetsa madzi,
  • ngati mukufuna, mutha kuwonjezera madontho ochepa amafuta (ndibwino ngati ndiwo zamasamba).


Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ndi kapamba, zonunkhira, msuzi ndi mitundu yonse ya zonunkhira zotentha ndizoletsedwa

Ngati gawo loyamba lidayenda bwino, ndiye kuti mutha kupitilizanso mbale. Zokwanira pa pasta-kanyumba tchizi casserole:

Zomwe mungadye ndi kapamba + mndandanda wazinthu

  • wiritsani magalamu 100 a pasitala iliyonse, ozizira,
  • pakani tchizi chofunda pogwiritsa ntchito sume,
  • kumenya dzira
  • sakaniza tchizi chosenda ndi dzira, onjezani zosakaniza ndi vermicelli,
  • ikani mbale yophika, kuphika kwa mphindi 15. Ndikofunika kuti musagwire uvuni kuti pamwamba pa casserole pakhale chopepuka, popanda kutumphuka.

Ngati chakudya cha pasitala sichili zovulaza, muyenera kuyesetsa kuwonjezera nyama kwa iwo:

  • wiritsani pasitala,
  • wiritsani nyama ndi kukulungira kudzera mu chopukusira nyama,
  • ikani nyama yokhala ndi minyewa pamsana wa vermicelli, pafupi ndi vermicelli pamwamba,
  • kutsanulira ndi dzira losemedwa
  • kuphika mu uvuni kwa mphindi 15.

Pancreatitis pasitala imatha kukhala yopanda vuto lililonse ngati mungadzipange nokha:

  • kumenya mazira atatu
  • onjezani magalamu 300 a ufa wa tirigu wamphamvu,
  • kukanda mtanda wozizira, siyani mphindi 30,
  • falitsani m'magawo awiri (2 mm),
  • yikani kwa mphindi pafupifupi 15,
  • kuwaza
  • kuphika nthawi yomweyo kapena kuyika mufiriji.

Chifukwa chake, kodi ndizotheka kubzala ndi kapamba? Ngakhale kuti malonda ake alibe vuto lililonse, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti zingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwanji popanda kuvulaza thanzi. Ngati mu pachimake nthawi ya pasitala imatsutsana mwanjira iliyonse, ndiye mutatha kuthetsa vutoli, mutha kulowa magalamu 100 a vermicelli patsiku, ndipo mutatha kufikira chikhululukiro chokwanira, mpaka 300 magalamu amaloledwa. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mutatsata zakudya zamankhwala othandizirana, mumatha kudya mosangalatsa komanso mosiyanasiyana, osamva zovuta zilizonse, ndipo pasitala izikhala ndi gawo lofunikira pankhani ya gastronomic.

Pancreatitis Zakudyazi ndi Zakudyazi

Izi zomwe zimakhala ndi kapamba zimaphatikizidwa m'ndandanda wazololedwa, zomwe sizingakondweretse odwala ambiri. Inde, posachedwapa pasitala "yakhazikika" pagome la nzika zaku Russia. Makonda ayenera kuperekedwa kwa durum tirigu pasitala.

Vermicelli yophika ndi kapamba sangakhale kokha mbale yam'mbali, komanso maziko akukonzekera kwa mitundu ingapo ya casseroles. Mwachitsanzo, nayi Chinsinsi. Zosakaniza zofunika: 100 g ya pasitala (yophika kale), dzira 1, 2 tsp. shuga, 75 g wa kanyumba tchizi. Pakani tchizi tchizi ndikusakaniza ndi shuga.Menya dzira bwino padera komanso kusakaniza ndi curd misa. Vermicelli wosangalatsa wophatikizidwa ndi tchizi tchizi. Fomuyo imafunika kudzoza ndi batala, pambuyo pake curd idayikidwa. Nthawi yophika - mphindi 10-15, pasapezeke kutumphuka.

Pophika zakudya zamagulu, Zakudya zopangidwa ndi gululi ndizabwino, ndipo mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo, kapena mutha kuzimitsa. Kuphika Zakudyazi zopangidwa tokha, mudzafunika mazira atatu, 300 g wa ufa wa tirigu wamphamvu, uzitsine ndi mchere. Padera chidebe kumenya mazira ndi ndevu. Flour imathilidwanso mbale kapena kungokhala patebulo ndipo kupsinjika pang'ono kumapangidwa momwe osakaniza dzira amathira. Ufa wake udzakhala wozizira, muyenera kuukanda kwa mphindi 30, pambuyo pake udzakhala wokulirapo. Pambuyo pake, mtanda umayikidwa mu thumba kwa mphindi 40. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, imadulidwamo tating'onoting'ono, timene timilowedwa. Kenako, ndikofunikira kutulutsa zigawo zoonda kwambiri (1-2 mm), kusiya kuti ziume (mphindi 10), kenako ndikudula ndi mpeni wakuthwa mu Zakudyazi. Chilichonse, mbaleyo yakonzeka. Kuphika kwa mphindi 5-7.

Zakudya zozizira zowiritsa ndi vermicelli zimawonekera pazosankha za odwala omwe ali ndi kapamba pakangotha ​​chakudya chovuta. Komabe, mukufunikirabe kudziwa momwe mulili ndikuwonetsa pasitala pang'onopang'ono, poganizira momwe thupi lanu limayendera.

Matenda akulu mu mawonekedwe a kapamba amafunikira njira yochizira yovomerezeka. Kuphatikiza poti mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya.

Thanzi la kapamba ndi kuphatikiza mosamalitsa kwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikondwerero zitheke mwachangu.

Katundu aliyense pa chofooka chimatsogolera ku kutulutsa kwatsopano.

Zizindikiro zake ndi chiyani

Ndikofunika kwambiri kuzindikira matendawa munthawi yake kuti mawonekedwe osakhazikika asachitike. Fomu lodziwikiratu limakula mwachangu, ndi zizindikiro zowoneka bwino.

Matenda a wodwalayo amachepa kwambiri ndipo zizindikilo monga:

  1. Kutulutsa kwamasamba ndi bile. Pankhaniyi, wodwala samva mpumulo.
  2. Kulimbikira.
  3. Pakamwa pakamwa.
  4. Zowawa.
  5. Ululu wamphamvu komanso wowopsa mu hypochondrium yoyenera. Malowa nthawi zina amatha kusintha. Chilichonse chimadalira dera lomwe lawonongeka. Ngati kapamba yonse idakutidwa, ndiye kuti ululuwo umatha kukhala wopindika.
  6. Nyengo.
  7. Zovuta zam'mimba.
  8. Chikwangwani choyera, chosachotsa pamalirime.
  9. Kuwonjezeka kotentha.
  10. Mutu.
  11. Kuchulukitsa thukuta.
  12. Kukongola kwa khungu.
  13. Gwedeza dziko.
  14. Kupsinjika kwa magazi kudumpha.
  15. Zosangalatsa pamtima.

Munthu akaziona yekha mwa iye yekha, ayenera kupeza thandizo kwa katswiri. Ali pamavuto akulu, amayimbira ambulansi kunyumba.

Chofunika chakudya

Mwakutero, zakudya zimayamba kuyambira masiku atatu. Izi ndizokwanira kuchotsa kukhathamira. M'masiku oyambirirapo, pamayenera kukhala kusala kudya kwachithandizo. Amangololedwa kudya msuzi wa rosehip.

Ndi matenda amtunduwu, chakudya No. 5 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Idakonzedwa kale ndi akatswiri odziwa ntchito, makamaka kwa odwala otere.

Mkhalidwe wake waukulu ndi mapuloteni ambiri, mafuta pang'ono ndi mafuta. Zakudya ziyenera kumwedwa pafupipafupi koma zazing'ono.

Munthu ayenera kusiya zakudya zomwe zitha kuwonjezera acidity ndikuyambitsa kugwira ntchito kwa ma enzymes.

Zakudya nambala 5 ziyenera kukhala pafupifupi chaka chimodzi munthu atazindikira kuti ndi kapamba. Pankhani ya mawonekedwe osakhazikika, ndiye kuti zakudya zapadera ziyenera kukhalapo mu moyo wonse.

Malamulo a zopatsa thanzi

Popanda kutsatira izi, kuchira ndikosatheka. Izi ndizowona makamaka nthawi yayitali.

Nthawi ngati izi, munthu amakumana ndi mavuto owawa kwambiri. Kuti muchepetse kuwonekera kwawo, ingofunika zakudya zopatsa thanzi.

Kodi kudya ndi kapamba? Malamulo oyambira kutsatiridwa:

  1. Muyenera kudya osachepera 6. Potere, zigawo ziyenera kukhala zazing'ono.
  2. Panthawi yakuchulukirachulukira, pamafunika kudya chakudya chokha ngati mitundu yoyenga. Iyenera kuphikidwa bwino kapena kuwotchera. Kukonzekera kumeneku kumakhala kofatsa.
  3. Chakudya chanyama chomwe chimakhala ndi michere yambiri. Mwanjira imeneyi, singavulaze thupi.
  4. Kutentha kwa chakudya kuyenera kuonedwa. Kusintha kulikonse kungasokoneze thanzi la kapamba. Kutentha kuyenera kukhala kotentha chabe.
  5. Magawo ochepa okha ayenera kudyedwa. Kudya kwambiri kwa munthu aliyense ndi kupsinjika, kwa chiwalo chokhacho komanso chimbudzi chonse.
  6. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zopatsa mphamvu ndi magalamu 350, mafuta - 80 magalamu.
  7. Zodzetsa pakati chakudya - 3 maola.
  8. Siyani zakudya zonse zokazinga, zonunkhira komanso zosuta.
  9. Osamamwa zakumwa zilizonse ndi chakudya.
  10. Chidutswa chilichonse cha chakudya chimafuna kutafunidwa mosamala.

Zoyenera kudya

Ndibwino ngati wodwalayo aphunzira kuphika mbale za banja ndi kupindula nazo. Zakudya zokhuthala komanso zosafunikira ndizopewedwa kwambiri.

Zakudya za pancreatitis zimaphatikizapo:

  • Masamba a Steam.
  • Mazira otentha a omelet. Bola kuphika mapuloteni.
  • Nyama ndi nsomba zamitundu yamafuta ochepa.
  • Sikoyenera kudya zipatso ndi zipatso zatsopano, ndizothandiza kwambiri kuphatikiza mukaphika kapena kuphika. Zipatso zoyenera kwambiri ndi maapulo okoma, nthochi, mapeyala. Mwa zipatso, ndibwino kudya sitiroberi.
  • Mitundu yambiri ya chimanga imaloledwa. Makamaka, chakudyacho chikuyenera kukhala mpunga ndi chakudya chambiri.
  • Supu pa msuzi wamasamba kapena nyama. Komabe, sayenera mafuta kwambiri. Pambuyo otentha masamba kapena nyama, amatha kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi.
  • Kissels. Zimakhala bwino ngati wodwalayo azolowera kwambiri gawo ili la chakudya. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri ngati mukudziwa kuchokera kwa chiyani ndi momwe mungaphikire.

Odwala atakhazikika, mutha kudalira dokotala kuti alole zina kuti ziwonjezeke pamenyu.

Mulimonsemo, thupi liyenera kulandira chilichonse chofunikira. Awa ndi mavitamini ndi michere.

Zokhudza mkaka, zimaloledwa kuti zidyedwe ngakhale ndi mawonekedwe owopsa. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kusunga mikhalidwe yofunika - mafuta okhathamira komanso kutsitsimuka.

Pogula m malo ogulitsira, amalembe amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe ali mu chinthu. Sayenera kupitilira 2,5%. Bwino ngati pali mwayi wogula kwinakwake kefir.

Matenda osachiritsika amatanthauza mndandanda wazakudya ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Pa fomu yodwala, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kudya mapuloteni.

Zakudya zamapuloteni zimathandiza kuti thupi liyambe kuchira msanga, ndipo maselo am'mimba kapamba amayambiranso.

Maziko ake ndi mapuloteni ndipo ena onse amagawidwa chimodzimodzi pakati pa mafuta ndi chakudya. Mtengo wa chakudya patsiku ndi 3000 kcal.

Poterepa, onetsetsani kuti mumadya mapuloteni osachepera 150 a protein. Mapuloteni amathanso kuphatikizira komwe kunachokera nyama. Chakudya chochuluka chimakhala cholimba, ndibwino.

Zakudya zololedwa: zotupa:

  • Masamba ndi zipatso - maapulo, chimanga, kaloti, ma supimmons, kaloti, sitiroberi, mapeyala, kabichi. Gwiritsani ntchito yaiwisi, yatsopano, yophika kapena yofinya.
  • Nyama yankhuku.
  • Zinthu zamafuta ochepa mkaka.
  • Pasitala.
  • Nsomba zamtsinje.
  • Makina odulidwa.
  • Zakudya za chimanga - mapira, semolina, mpunga, mapira, burwheat.
  • Mkate wa tirigu Ndikofunikira kuti anali dzulo.
  • Ng ombe yokhala ndi mafuta ochepa.
  • Mbatata zosenda.
  • Manty.
  • Msuzi pa msuzi wofooka.
  • Dzungu phala.
  • Mapikisano.
  • Masipu achilengedwe. Kuti muchepetse kupanikizika, thirirani ndi madzi oyera ofunda.
  • Kissels.
  • Madzi amchere.
  • Madzi opukusa kumene. Ndi zovuta ndi kapamba, wodalirika komanso wathanzi kwambiri ndi mbatata, karoti ndi beetroot.
  • Morse.
  • Tiyi yofooka.
  • Okonda lokoma amaloledwa kudya uchi. Komabe, padakali malire. Muyenera kudya zakudya zazing'ono, zosowa, makamaka mukatha zizindikiro zonse zosasangalatsa.

Zomwe muyenera kupewa

Ngati pancreatitis yapezeka, ndiye kuti muyenera kuzolowera kuti zina zomwe mumazidziwa, okondedwa, koma zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowononga ziyenera kuyikidwa pambali. Izi ndi:

  1. Rye mkate.
  2. Nyama ndi nsomba zamitundu yamafuta.
  3. Masoka owaza ndi zipatso - ma tangerine, mandimu, mphesa, malalanje.
  4. Chokoleti ndi maswiti ena.
  5. Zakudya zam'nyanja.
  6. Zakudya zamatenda.
  7. Masoseji.
  8. Zakudya zakusuta.
  9. Mtedza.
  10. Mkate oyera oyera ndi muffin wokoma.
  11. Khofi Mutha kusintha chicory. Ilinso ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsira, koma ilibe vuto lililonse kapamba. M'malo mwake, muzu wa chicory umachiritsa kwambiri matenda omwewo, ngati mungadziwe momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.
  12. Zakumwa za kaboni.
  13. Mowa

Zakumwa zonse zololedwa ziyenera kumamwa asanadye kapena tisanadye. Ndi pancreatitis, osavomerezeka kumwa chakudya.

Zakudya mankhwala

Odwala ambiri amasamala za funso: Kodi chakudyacho chizikhala nthawi yayitali bwanji? Palibe amene angapereke yankho lenileni, chifukwa zonse zimatengera momwe thupi limakhalira komanso matendawa.

Mwanthawi yovuta, wodwalayo amadziwikiridwa kuchipatala. Ndiye kuti akuyenera kupatsidwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa wodwalayo.

Ndikumva ululu m'masiku oyamba kuchipatala, madokotala mosakayikira amazindikira kusala kwachithandizo.

Fomu yovuta imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa moyo wonse mu kapamba.

Pofuna kudzitchinjiriza momwe mungathere kuchokera pakuwonjezeka, odwala nthawi ndi nthawi amapatsidwa mankhwala othandizira.

Ndikofunika kwambiri kutsatira malamulo azakudya. Pokhapokha ngati mutachita izi, mutha kuyembekezera kupambana kwa matendawa komanso kupeza bwino.

Nthawi zambiri amachiza matenda a kapamba ngakhale pa nthawi yowonjezera nyumbayo. Pokhapokha pamavuto ena amatsimikiziridwa kuchipatala.

Pachimake mankhwala amapatsidwa osachepera masiku 14. Izi sizitanthauza kuti, kupita kunyumba, munthu amabwereranso ku zakudya zam'mbuyomu.

Zakudya ziyenera kuonedwa kwa miyezi inanso 6-8.

Ngakhale madokotala amalimbikitsa kuyang'anitsitsa chakudya chotere. Pazochepera, munthu adziteteza ku matenda atsopano. Kwa ambiri, imakhala bonasi yabwino - yoonda.

Kodi mungadye chiyani ndi kapamba? Pangani mndandanda woyenera ndi kuzindikira zinthu zina zomwe zingachitike ngati zingachitike ndi dokotala. Zosankha zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana.

Nthawi zambiri, munthu amapereka mankhwala No. 5. Ndizoyenera kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kapamba.

Ngati zakudya zoterezi zimayikidwa, ndiye kuti amayesa kusinthitsa menyu momwe angathere. Chakudya cham'mawa mumatha kuphika:

  1. Dzungu phala ndi uzvar.
  2. Yophika kanyumba tchizi ndi mafuta kulowetsedwa.
  3. Tchizi ndi masikono ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa m'chiuno.
  4. Beetroot saladi ndi compote.
  5. Oatmeal ndi zakudya.
  6. Mafuta othira ndi tiyi ofooka ndi osakira.
  7. Buckwheat phala ndi tiyi wopanda mphamvu.

  1. Maapulo ophika ndi ma apricots owuma.
  2. Beets yophika.
  3. Mpunga ndi zoumba.
  4. Dzungu ndi karoti puree.
  5. Agologolo olumala.
  6. Kaloti wa karoti.

Pa nkhomaliro mutha kuphika:

  1. Saute.
  2. Curd casserole.
  3. Msuzi pa msuzi wofowoka kapena borsch.
  4. Chodula nkhuku.
  5. Nsomba ndi mpunga.
  6. Ng'ombe yophika.
  7. Pasitala wamasamba.

  1. Zolemba zamasamba.
  2. Masangweji ndi tchizi ndi batala.
  3. Odzola zipatso.
  4. Mbatata zophika.
  5. Kissel kuchokera ku zipatso zosakhala wowawasa.
  6. Kuphatikiza Zipatso.
  7. Nyemba puree.

Nthawi yomaliza madzulo ikuphatikiza:

  1. Vinaigrette ndi yogati.
  2. Apple puree ndi yogurt wopanda mafutawa popanda zina.
  3. Mpunga makoko ndi yogati.
  4. Mpunga ndi zoumba ndi dumplings.
  5. Kolifulawa yophika ndi yogurt. Ndi bwino ngati chikhala chopangira mkaka chopangidwa ndi mkaka.
  6. Omeled yolimba yopangidwa ndi mapuloteni ndi ryazhenka.
  7. Zukini caviar ndi kefir 1%.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi mu mawonekedwe achilengedwe

Pakukwera kochulukirapo, wodwalayo ayenera kusiyiratu kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chilichonse. Pakadali pano, madzi okha ndi omwe amaloledwa kumwa. Ndikofunika kuphika msuzi wa rosehip.

Imwani magalasi 5 patsiku. Madzi amchere a mchere amathanso kukhala oyenera. Mwachitsanzo, Borjomi. Kulandila kumachitika tsiku lonse kwa 1 galasi 4-5 nthawi.

Muzovuta kwambiri, zakudya zimatengedwa ndi madontho kudzera m'mitsempha. Amakhala masiku awiri.

Pambuyo kuchulukitsa kuchotsedwa, wodwalayo amalangizidwa za zakudya zina. Zosankhazo ziziphatikiza zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zochepa zokha.

Yambani kudya zakudya zazing'ono kwambiri ndikuyang'ana mkhalidwe wathanzi. Osaloleza katundu pa kapamba.

Kuyambira sabata yachiwiri amayamba kuchepetsa zakudya. Amatha kulowamo:

  1. Masamba ndi zipatso zomwe zimakhala ndi ma antioxidants ambiri.
  2. Supu
  3. Mwatsopano opaka komanso madzi otsekemera.
  4. Tiyi yobiriwira.
  5. Kissels.
  6. Madzi phala.
  7. Nyama yoyera ya nkhuku.
  8. Zakudya zama protein ambiri.

Ngati mumatsatira zakudya zoyenera, ndiye kuti wodwalayo posachedwa awona kupita patsogolo kwamankhwala abwino.

Kanema wothandiza

Anthu ambiri amakonda pasitala chifukwa cha kukonzekera kosavuta, kakomedwe ndi kumverera kwathunthu, komwe kumakhalako nthawi yayitali mutatha kudya. Ndi pancreatitis, wodwalayo ayenera kusintha zakudya zake zamasiku onse kuti zizindikiro za matendawo zipere msanga. Macaroni ndi amodzi mwa chakudya chovomerezeka cha kapamba ndipo, malinga ndi momwe angagwiritsidwire ntchito, adzapindulitsa thupi.

Macaroni ndi amodzi mwa chakudya chovomerezeka cha kapamba ndipo, malinga ndi momwe angagwiritsidwire ntchito, adzapindulitsa thupi.

Ubwino ndi kuvulaza ndi chiyani

Pancreatitis pasitala imatha kubweretsa zabwino komanso zovulaza. Zinthu za tirigu za Durum zimapereka thupi ndi mphamvu chifukwa cha CHIKWANGWANI chopanda kanthu m'matumbo kwa nthawi yayitali. CHIKWANGWANI chimathandiza kuyeretsa m'mimba ndipo chimalepheretsa kudzimbidwa. Kuphatikiza pa mwayi wofunikira uwu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kapamba, pali zinthu zina zambiri zofunikira zomwe zimachitika pamtunduwu.

Zapamwamba zamapulogalamu az masamba zimasokoneza ntchito ya kapamba, zimasokoneza chimbudzi. Izi zimakukakamizani kuti mutsatire malamulo ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chinthucho.

Migwirizano ndi magwiritsidwe antchito

Samalirani thanzi lanu - sungani cholumikizacho

Dokotala wodziwikiratu amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa munthu amene amadya msuzi uliwonse. Nthawi yomweyo, pali malingaliro pazonse pazokhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa izi.

  • Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala a tirigu okha. Chochita kuchokera ku mitundu yofewa ya phala ili pamafunika chimbudzi chambiri ndi kutulutsidwa kwa michere yambiri, zomwe zimapweteketsa kapamba wofufutidwa.
  • Kuphika mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chipikacho ndikuphika. Frying saloledwa.
  • Pewani kuwonjezera zonunkhira, mchere wambiri, msuzi ndi ketchup m'mbale yotsirizidwa.
  • Kuphika pasitala ndikofunikira mpaka kuphika kwathunthu. Opanga amawonetsa nthawi yophika phukusi, koma nthawi ino iyenera kuwonjezeka kuti mbaleyo izikhala yofewa.

Mu mawonekedwe

Pasitala iliyonse imaletsedwa pa gawo la pancreatitis pachimake komanso masiku angapo pambuyo povulaza. Pakadali pano, muyenera kudzipereka kuti musagwiritse ntchito madzi ofunda owiritsa kuti mupeze zosowa zake zambiri pokonzekera ntchito ya kapamba. Mwanjira yovuta kwambiri ya kapamba, chakudya chilichonse ndicho chimapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke.

Pali pasitala pa gawo la pancreatitis pachimake ndipo amaletsedwa masiku angapo pambuyo pa kuukiridwa.

Nthawi yayitali

Matenda a kapamba nthawi ndi nthawi amalowa gawo lokhululuka. Munthawi imeneyi, pasitala sanapatsidwe, koma ndi bwino kuigwiritsa ntchito pokhapokha:

  • Fotokozerani izi mu zakudya, kuyambira ndikupereka wofanana ndi supuni zingapo.
  • Tsiku lililonse pasitala sayenera kupitirira 200 g.
  • Yambani kugwiritsa ntchito izi pokhapokha ndi zakudya zosavuta.

Cholecystopancreatitis

Zakudya za cholecystitis siziletsa kugwiritsa ntchito pasitala, chifukwa zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri komanso mafuta ochepa, zomwe zimathandiza kukhazikitsa njira za metabolic mu ndulu. Panthawi yomwe matenda akuchulukirachulukira kapena mtundu wa cholecystopancreatitis, ntchito yogulitsa iyenera kutayidwa. Mu matendawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa pasitala muzakudya kokha mwavomerezedwa ndi dokotala.

Ndi cholecystopancreatitis, tikulimbikitsidwa kubweretsa pasitala muzakudya kokha mwavomerezedwa ndi dokotala.

Yophika Vermicelli Casserole

Pokonzekera mbale uwu muyenera:

  • 100 g pasitala
  • Phukusi la tchizi lamafuta ochepa,
  • mapuloteni a dzira limodzi,
  • uzitsine mchere
  • batala kuti mafuta azikola.

Kuti mukonze casserole, mudzafunika pasitala, tchizi tchizi, dzira loyera, mchere ndi batala.

Wiritsani pasitala. Pakani kanyumba tchizi kudzera mu sume, onjezerani ku msuzi wokazinga. Kwa curd ndi pasitala yonjezerani kumenyedwa dzira loyera, sakanizani. Pukutira nkhunguyo ndi batala ndikuyiyika mumalowo. Chithandizo cha kutentha kwa casserole chotere chitha kuchitidwa m'njira zitatu: wophika pang'onopang'ono, wowiritsa kawiri kapena mu uvuni. Pofuna kuti musapange kutumphuka kolimba, ndikofunikira kuphimba mawonekedwe ndi zojambulazo musanayambe kuphika.

Vermicelli casserole ndi nyama

  • 200 g pasitala,
  • 100 g ya nyama yophika,
  • mapuloteni a mazira awiri,
  • 50 ml ya mkaka
  • 2 tbsp. l ufa
  • Anyezi wochepa
  • mafuta ena a mpendadzuwa
  • uzitsine mchere.

Mutha kuphika pasitala casserole ndi nyama.

Kuphika pasitala m'madzi amchere. Dutsani nyama yophika kudzera chopukusira nyama. Tsitsani anyezi mu mafuta a mpendadzuwa. Sakanizani zigawo zake. Menyani azungu azungu, onjezerani mkaka, ufa kwa iwo. Onjezani misa yokwapulidwa ku pasitala ndi kusakaniza. Ikani mawonekedwe odzoza, kuphimba ndi zojambulazo ndikuphika mu uvuni pamoto wa + 180ºº kwa mphindi 20.

Momwe mungaphikire Zakudyazi kunyumba

Ndikosavuta kupanga Zakudyazi ndi manja anu, chifukwa mufunika zina zitatu:

  • 500 g ufa wa premium kuchokera ku tirigu durum,
  • Azungu atatu a dzira (ngati adokotala alola, 1 dzira la 1 lingathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito),
  • uzitsine mchere.

Mu ufa wosasilidwa onjezerani zoyera, mchere ndi kukanda pa mtanda. Zikhala zofanana komanso zowondera. Gawani mtanda mu 2 servings. Pindani gawo limodzi kukhala loonda ndikuchokapo kuti liume kwa mphindi 20. Pakadali pano, falitsani gawo lachiwiri la mtanda. Mukayanika, pindani gawo loyambirira ndikudula mainchesi 4. Pindani mbalizo molumikizana ndipo, popanda kukanikiza, sankhani bwino kuti mupeze Zakudyazi. Kupanga Zakudyazi kuchokera kumizere yachiwiri momwemonso. Finyani mafuta okuta patebuloyo ndi woonda, ndikulekanitsa zigawo zonse pamodzi. Siyani kuuma kwathunthu. Pasitala yotere imasungidwa m'thumba la pepala.

Pancreatitis ndi matenda ovuta omwe amadziwika ndi kutupa m'mapapo.

Zinthu zikuluzikulu zomwe zimatsogolera kuchira zimawonedwa ngati chakudya chowonjezera komanso kupatula chakudya chomwe chimalemera thupi kuzakudya.

Macaroni yokhala ndi kapamba ndi njira yabwino, chifukwa ali ndi zotsutsana zochepa, amapakidwa bwino ndi m'mimba, ndipo mafuta sofunikira kukonzekera kwawo.

Durum tirigu pasitala

Anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto am'mimba amalangizidwa kuti agule pasitala wopangidwa ndi tirigu wa durum.

Njira zoterezi zimatha kupititsa patsogolo chakudya, chifukwa m'zinthu zotere mumakhala mpweya wambiri, mapuloteni amamasamba, shuga osachedwa komanso mafuta osasunthika.

Utumbu wa tirigu wa Durum muli zinthu izi:

  1. Mapuloteni, mafuta, michere yambiri.
  2. Pa magalamu 100 a zinthu, zopatsa mphamvu zimakhala 115 kcal.
  3. Mavitamini a magulu B, H, E ndi PP, omwe amakhalanso ndi zinthu zabwino zomwe amapanga.
  4. Chiwerengero chambiri cha mchere.
  5. Tryptophan ndi amino acid womwe umayambitsa kugona kwa anthu.

Pasitala wapamwamba kwambiri ndiopatsa thanzi, koma nthawi yomweyo, samathandizira kulemera.

Mwa zovuta za malonda omwe afunsidwa, titha kusiyanitsa mtengo wake. Mtengo wa paketi ya chinthu choterocho ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa mtengo wa pasitala wamba.

Zinthu zopangidwa ndi tirigu

Ziyenera kufotokozedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti tirigu wofewa ndi zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera mmenemo ndizoletsedwa mwamphamvu kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kapamba.

Ngakhale matenda atakhala kuti akhululuka ndipo saonetsa zizindikiro zosasangalatsa, osavomerezeka kudya zakudya zotere. Chifukwa chake, madokotala amapereka mayankho olakwika pamafunso ngati angathe kapena ayi.

Kuletsa kumachitika chifukwa chakuti mitundu yofewa ya tirigu siyikumbidwa, chifukwa cham'mimba ndi kapamba zimakumana ndi zoonjezera. Kuphatikiza apo, machitidwe a exocrine ndi endocrine amavutika.

Zinthu izi zikuwonetsa kuti musanagule pasitala muyenera kuphunzira momwe adapangira ndi kapangidwe kake. Malinga ndi GOST, pasitala yoyambirira imakhala ndi zilembo "A".

Kodi Mungatani Kuti Muzidya Pasiti Komanso

Zikachitika kuti munthu yemwe wapezeka kuti wapezeka ndi matenda a kapamba amamva kupweteka kwam'mimba, komwe kumadziwonetsa kawirikawiri, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito zomwe mukufunsazo.

Zizindikiro zake ndizowopsa, chifukwa kudya Zakudyazi kumangokulitsa vutoli.

Pachimake mawonekedwe a matenda

Ndi kuchulukitsa kwa kapamba, pasitala sindiyo chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Ma coarse amakhala othandiza makamaka mu mawonekedwe osapsa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito pasitala nthawi zambiri kumatsutsa zotsatirazi:

  1. Kuwonjezeka kwa ndende ya bile, komwe, kulowa mkati mwake, kumakulitsa kwambiri njira zotupa.
  2. Kutupa kwamatumbo kwambiri komwe kumayambitsa kupweteka komanso kutsegula m'mimba.

Munthawi imeneyi, ndikofunikira kusiya ngakhale zogulitsa zamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa amatha kuonjezera katundu pa chiwalo. Pasitala yophika imaloledwa panthawi yachikhululukiro.

Mbale yokonzedwa bwino sikhala yokoma kokha, komanso thanzi.

Kodi ndizovala zochuluka motani zovomerezeka kwa kapamba

Ngakhale zomwe zimafunsidwa zimawonedwa kuti ndizothandiza kwambiri, anthu ayenera kukumbukira kuti muyenera kutsatira zomwe mumakonda tsiku lililonse. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyang'anira machitidwe a thupi kumafunika.

Pali chiopsezo chakuti Zakudyazi zichulukitsa matenda. Izi zimachitika pamene mankhwala sanakonzekere bwino.

Pali mndandanda wa Mlingo woyenera. Ayenera kuwonedwa mwatsatanetsatane:

  1. Nthawi yowonjezera - simungathe kudya pasitala.
  2. Kupititsa patsogolo thanzi la wodwala - zosaposa 200 magalamu. Koma poyamba muyenera kuyesa supuni ziwiri ndikuyang'ana momwe thupi limachitikira.
  3. Kuchotsa - kuchuluka kwa chizolowezi mpaka 300 magalamu, koma kangapo.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pasitala ndizovuta kupukusa, ndiye kuti pali chiopsezo cha kupweteka kwatsopano mu nthiti, kusanza, kapena mavuto akuyenda matumbo.

Ngati zisonyezo zikuwoneka, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe mukufunsazi kuyenera kuyimitsidwa.

Ngati pambuyo poyesedwa wopanda chizindikiro chatulukira, ndiye kuti mutha kudya zophika za pasitala, koma osapitilira muyeso womwewo.

Odwala ayenera kusinthasintha ndikukonzekera zinthu kuti zisakhale zokomera, komanso zopanda vuto.

Ngakhale zinthu zambiri ndizovomerezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ndi kapamba, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti mutha kuphika mwaluso kuchokera ku Zakudyazi.

Chofunikira kwambiri ndikutsatira malingaliro a dokotala wanu osati kuyambitsa thanzi lanu. Izi ndi zofunika kuti mukhululukidwe kwanthawi yayitali.

Zomwe zimatha kuphika kuchokera ku pasitala

Odwala omwe asankha kugwiritsa ntchito Zakudyazi ayenera kuganizira malamulo angapo pakukonzekera kwake pakudya.

Ali motere: osathira pasitala ndi kuwaphika kokha mu owiritsa kapena anaphika.

Pali zosankha zingapo za pasta:

  1. Ngati kuchulukitsa kwa matenda kumachepa, ndiye kuti mutha kuyika chiopsezo pokonzekera chophika. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kugula Zakudyazi zing'onozing'ono kapena kuwaza zidutswa za spaghetti, kuwiritsa kwa theka la ola - ndi munthawi imeneyi kuti zopatsa mphamvu zowonjezera zimatuluka mu pasitala. Kenako mbaleyo imasinthidwa kukhala colander ndikudikirira mpaka madzi onse atulukemo. Onjezani mafuta ochepa kumapeto.
  2. Pambuyo pake, munthu amaloledwa kuyesa casserole, yomwe imaphatikizapo pasitala. Koma simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mosayenera mbale iyi. Pofuna kuphika kanyumba tchizi casserole, muyenera kukonzekera magalamu 100 a tchizi zophika komanso zozizira, kuwonjezera pa iwo 100 magalamu a tchizi lamafuta ochepa komanso dzira lokwapulidwa ndi chosakanizira. Zonunkhira zonsezi zimafunikira kusinthidwa ku pepala lophika, kudzoza ndi batala, ndikuphika pafupifupi mphindi 20. Apa muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kutumphuka sikuwonekera pa casserole.
  3. Momwemonso, mitundu ya nyama ya casseroles imakonzedwanso. Pokhapokha tchizi tchizi, muyenera kuwonjezera 100 magalamu a nyama yophika kwa icho. Nyamayi imadutsidwa ndi chopukusira nyama, pasitala imayikidwa muutoto wochepa thupi papepala lophika, ndikuyika nyama pamwamba, kenako phala lina la pasitala. Pambuyo pake, mbaleyo imathiridwa ndi dzira ndikutumiza ku uvuni kwa mphindi 20.
  4. Nthawi zambiri, amayi a nyumba sagwiritsa ntchito Zakudyazi zomwe adagula, koma pasitala, zomwe adaphika okha. Kuti muwakonzekere, muzimenya mazira awiri mpaka atatu ndikuwasakaniza ndi magalamu 300 a tirigu wa durum. Chotsatira, muyenera kusenda bwino kwambiri mtanda mpaka utakhala wonenepa, ndikuuyika m'thumba ndikuwusiya wokha kwa theka la ola. Zitatha izi, mtanda amazigubika m'magawo angapo woonda kwambiri ndikuwuma kwa mphindi 20. Kenako zigawozo zimadulidwamo n'kupanga kwa mphindi 10.
  5. Pasitala wamasamba. Muyenera kuphika kuchuluka koyenera kwa pasitala osagwiritsa ntchito zonunkhira ndi mafuta, kuwonjezera magalamu 250 a nyama ku pasitala, minced kudzera chopukusira nyama, ndikusakaniza bwino. M'malo mwa nyama, kugwiritsa ntchito chiwindi cha nkhuku chololedwa ngati wodwalayo sakhudzidwa ndi izi pachakudya ichi.
  6. Macaroni ndi nsomba. Wiritsani zipolopolo zazikulu ndikuziyika pambale yokongola. Payokha yiritsani filimu ya nkhuku ndi kaloti. Onjezani nsomba, kaloti ndi amadyera kuti mumupatse ndikumatumikira.
  7. Vermicelli ndi tchizi. Wiritsani Zakudyazi, mchere, kuwonjezera mafuta pang'ono. Pambuyo pake, pogaya grated tchizi.
  8. "Zoyesa" Pofuna kuphika chakudya chokonzanso komanso chokongoletsa, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kugula pasitala monga zisa, kuwira ndi nyengo ndikudzaza. Nyama ya nkhuku yoyikidwa zisa ndi kuwaza ndi nkhaka yatsopano ndi yabwino kudzaza.

Ngakhale zinthu zambiri zimaphatikizidwa kwa anthu omwe apanga kapamba, Zakudyazi zimangophatikizidwa pamndandanda wawo.

Macaroni amadyidwa ali ndi zaka zilizonse, motero amakhala ndi malo ambiri pamsika wapadziko lonse.

Ngakhale kuti ali ndi mchere wambiri ndi zinthu zina, simungagwiritse ntchito molakwika mankhwala. Amadya pasitala yaying'ono pamiyeso yaying'ono, kumayang'ana zovuta za kuphika pasitala.

Zogulitsa zomwe zikufunsidwa ndizabwino monga chakudya cham'mbali cha nyama kapena masamba, komanso nsomba.

Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti thupi silodzaza ndi chakudya, osachulukitsa madzi omwe pasta yophika ndipo musakane kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lalikulu kwambiri.

Ngakhale thupi lathanzi lathunthu lingachite bwino m'mimba kwambiri, osatchula wodwalayo.

Zipatso ndi zipatso

Ndizosatheka kulingalira moyo wamunthu wamakono wopanda zipatso, popeza ali ndi mavitamini ambiri ofunikira m'thupi lililonse, omwe amatsimikizira kuyendetsa bwino kwa thupi. Nthawi yomweyo, ena a iwo ali ndi ma fiber owuma, zomwe zimapangitsa chimbudzi kukhala chovuta. Chifukwa chake, mndandanda wazomwe zipatso zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pancreatitis sizokulirapo.
Mulinso zotsalazo:

  • Strawberry
  • Apricots
  • Mphesa zofiira
  • Cherry
  • Ma grenade
  • Maapulo okoma
  • Papaya

Ambiri ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa ngati nthochi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kapamba. Madokotala ambiri amavomereza kuti kapamba amatha kuthana ndi kupukusa kwa ochepa, koma pokhapokha kuchotsedwa kwa matendawa. Ndikachulukirachulukira kwa kapamba, nthochi zimangokulitsa matendawa.
Zilinso chimodzimodzi kwa anyumwa. Ngakhale mnofu wake ulibe kukoma wowawasa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale m'gulu la zinthu zomwe zaloledwa, sizoyenera kugula ma proimmons pakuchulukitsa kwa matenda ndipo mwina kwa sabata pambuyo pake. Kenako imaloledwa kudya zipatso zosaposa 1 patsiku mumphika wophika kapena wopira. Ndikotheka kuchepetsa zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ma pimreatitis pancreatitis pogaya zamkati mwake m'njira iliyonse yomwe ingatheke.
Zachidziwikire, pamaso pa pancreatitis aakulu, zipatso zilizonse siziyenera kumezedwa, chifukwa kuchuluka kwachulukidwe kwa asidi kumatha kudzetsa matenda ena. Kuphatikiza apo, amathanso kudyedwa masiku 10 atachotsedwa chikhululukiro. Chikhalidwe chatsiku ndi tsiku ndimamwa zipatso zokha zamtundu wina kapena zingapo, ndipo zimangokhala zophika zokha. Nthawi zina odwala amaloledwa kudzilimbitsa ndi mafuta onunkhira odzaza kapena mabulosi.

Malangizo: mutha kusintha zipatso zaphika tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mkate umodzi wa ana.

Katundu Wanyama

Mutha kupeza ma amino acid ofunikira thupi ndikusintha menyu wa pancreatitis wa tsiku ndi tsiku mothandizidwa ndi nsomba ndi nyama yochepa. Ndikofunika kusankha nkhuku, kalulu, nkhuku, nyama yamchere kapena ng'ombe yophika zakudya zopatsa thanzi, ndi bream, pike perch, pike, pollock kapena cod kuchokera ku nsomba. Koma, ngakhale atakhala onunkhira bwanji, chotumphukira kapena khungu la mbalame, sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi odwala.
Mutha kuwonjezera mitundu ina yazakudya chanu ndi mazira. Zitha kudyedwa osati zophika zokha, komanso mawonekedwe amafuta amtovu. Mazira okazinga achikale okha ndi omwe amakhala oletsedwa.

Mkaka ndi mkaka wowawasa

Nkhani yothandiza? Gawani ulalo

Zakudya za mkaka wowawasa, mwachitsanzo tchizi wowonda wonenepa, kirimu wowawasa, yogati, ziyeneranso kukhala gawo lofunikira pakudya kwa odwala. Kugwiritsa ntchito mosalekeza mkaka wophika kapena kefir wokhala ndi kapamba kumathandiza kuyika munthu pamapazi ake mwachangu.
Nthawi yomweyo, mkaka wathunthu ndi kapamba nthawi zambiri umalekeredwa bwino. Itha kuyambitsa kudzimbidwa ndi kusanja, chifukwa chake mwanjira yake yoyenera sikuyenera kudyedwa, koma muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mukamaphika. Ndikwabwino kupereka zokonda za mkaka wa mbuzi chifukwa cha kapamba, popeza zimakhala ndi maonekedwe abwino ndipo zimawerengedwa kuti ndi hypoallergenic.
Odwala amaloledwa kudya batala ochepa wopanda mafuta, koma sayenera kuzunzidwa, chifukwa kuchuluka kwamafuta kumatha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu mumunthu.

Mawu ochepa onena za matendawa

Chifukwa chake, kapamba ndi njira yotupa yomwe imawonedwa ndi kapamba. Mwachidule, michere yomwe imayenera kulowa mu duodenum imakhalabe m'malo ndikuyamba kuwononga minofu ya kapamba payokha. Nthawi yomweyo, pamakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu chakuti ndi matenda, poizoni amene amatulutsidwa amatha kulowa m'magazi ndikuvulaza kwambiri ziwalo zofunika monga mtima, impso, komanso chiwindi. Ndizoyenera kunena kuti matendawa amatha kuchitika komanso osakhazikika. Komabe, ndi zovuta zonsezi, wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira zakudya zinazake. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndiz Zakudya ziti zomwe zingadye popanda kuwopa thanzi, zomwe siziyenera kusamalidwa, zomwe siziyenera kuperekedwa kwathunthu kuzakudya.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Ndikofunikanso kunena pazinthu zomwe zingayambitse matendawa komanso kukula kwa matendawa. Chifukwa chake, choyambirira ndi izi:

  1. Kumwa kwamafuta ndi zakudya zonunkhira.
  2. Kuzunza.
  3. Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zoledzera komanso mowa.

Mwa zina, madokotala amasiyanitsa izi:

  1. Kupsinjika ndi mantha.
  2. Kumwa mankhwala a mahomoni.
  3. Matenda
  4. Kuvulala kwam'mimba.
  5. Kukhalapo kwa mphutsi kapena helminthiasis.
  6. Kufalikira kwa zikondamoyo.
  7. Pancreatitis imatha kukhazikitsidwa motsutsana ndi matenda ena am'mimba. Mwachitsanzo, cirrhosis ya chiwindi, cholelithiasis kapena zilonda zam'mimba.

Kutengera izi, lingaliro losavuta litha kunena kuti zakudya zokhazokha zomwe zingayambitse matenda ena owopsa.

Zinthu zamkaka

Makamaka chidwi chake chikuyenera kuperekedwa ku zinthu zamkaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi pancreatitis. Chifukwa chake, mu mawonekedwe ake oyera, mutha kudya tchizi chochepa kwambiri. Mkaka wonse, kirimu, kirimu wowawasa - izi ziyenera kuyiwalika. Mutha kuphika mbale potengera mkaka. Ma puddings osiyanasiyana ndi casseroles amaloledwa.

Ngati wodwala ali ndi pancreatitis yayitali, ndingadye chiyani kuchokera masamba?

  1. Chololedwa: mbatata, zukini, kaloti, kolifulawa.
  2. Ndikofunikira kukana sorelo, sipinachi, anyezi, adyo, kabichi yoyera, radish, radish ndi turnip.

Pankhaniyi, masamba ayenera kukhala otentha, owiritsa kapena othandizira.

Zakudya zina

Kodi ndi chiani china chomwe muyenera kukumbukira kuti muuzeko anthu omwe ali ndi pancreatitis? Chifukwa chake, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa pazakudya zotsatirazi:

  1. Mazira. Mwanjira yake yangwiro, mutha kudya mapuloteni amadzi a protein okha. M'mbale zina amaloledwa kudya zosaposa theka la yolk. Kupanda kutero, mazira ayenera kutayidwa kwathunthu.
  2. Mafuta. Popanda mantha, mutha kudya mpendadzuwa woyatsidwa ndi batala. Ndikofunika kusiya mafuta ndi nyama zomwe zimakonzedwa. Mwachikhalidwe simungadye mafuta ndi matendawa.
  3. Msuzi ndi zonunkhira. Ndi semisweet zipatso gravy yokha yomwe imaloledwa. Suzi zina zonse ndi zonunkhira siziyenera kuperekedwa kuchakudya.

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a pancreatitis ayenera kukana kwathunthu?

  1. Mowa komanso zakumwa zoledzeretsa zochepa.
  2. Chakudya chofulumira: ma hamburger, shawarma, agalu otentha.
  3. Chips, obera, etc.
  4. Zonunkhira zokometsera, zokometsera, msuzi.
  5. Maapulo ndi zipatso.
  6. Soseji ndi mafuta osuta.
  7. Ayisikilimu.

Macaroni ndi kapamba

Ndi kapamba, chakudya choyambirira chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa kuti chikhale ndi pasitala. Yophika mosiyanasiyana, amatha kukhala ngati chokongoletsera chatebulo la munthu wokhala ndi kapamba. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo pafupipafupi sikungakhale chifukwa choopa wodwalayo. Pazonse, zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi ufa sizikhala zotsutsana ndi kapamba. Amatengeka mosavuta ndi thupi popanda kupanikizika kosafunikira.

Komabe, wina ayenera kukumbukira kuti pasitala wokhala ndi kapamba ayenera kusankhidwa moyenera. Chowonadi ndi chakuti msika wamakono umapereka kwa ogula mitundu yosiyanasiyana kotero kuti poyamba zingakhale zovuta kudziwa zomwe zimafunikira komanso mtundu wa odwala a pasitala omwe amatha kudya. Kuti musankhe chinthu chothandiza, muyenera kuphunzira mosamala kapangidwe kazinthu zomwe zasankhidwa pa phukusi.

Kodi pasitala amapangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu ya tirigu yofewa?

Pamodzi ndi zonse pamwambapa, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa bwino kuti zimaphatikizika kudya pasitala kuchokera ku mitundu yofewa ya tirigu wa kapamba wa kapamba. Izi zimagwira makamaka pagawo la kuchuluka kwa matendawa. Pasipu wofewa wa tirigu amayamba kukumbidwa ndi kumetedwa ndi thupi kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndipo izi, ndizodzala ndi zina zowonjezera, zosafunikira pamatumbo.

Chifukwa chake, ndikulingalira ngati pasitala ndi zotheka ndi pancreatitis, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mankhwalawa amatha kukhala ndi phindu lothandiza m'thupi la odwala ndikupanga chakudya cham'mimba mosavuta. Koma pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kusankha zinthu zokha kuchokera ku ufa wa wholemeal ndi tirigu wa durum. Chifukwa chake, ngati m'dziko la pasitala nthawi zonse amapangidwa kuchokera ku ufa wotere, ndiye kuti m'dziko lathu msika umadzaza ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazogulitsa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusankha woyamba wa pasitala wodziwika ndi chilembo A pamapaketi awo. Ngati sangapezeke pamsika, ndiye kuti muyenera kudziwa kapangidwe kazinthuzo ndikusankha yomwe ili ndi tirigu wa durum.

Zotsatira za pasitala

Ngakhale zabwino zake zonse, pasitala imakhudza thupi la wodwalayo. Izi zimachitika pamene wodwala ayamba kumva ululu wam'mimba, womwe umakonda kupitilizidwa. Potere, ndikofunikira kupatula kwakanthawi vermicelli pazakudya. Popeza ndi nthenda yomwe ikufunsidwa, kuzimva kotereku kumatha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwake komwe kumachitika. Ndipo ichi ndi chizindikiro choopsa kale.

Chinsinsi chonse ndikuti pasitala, yemwe amadyedwa pang'ono, amatha kuyambitsa mavuto osafunikira monga:

  • kutsegula kwa minyewa yam'mimba komanso kuyambika kwa m'mimba,
  • kuchuluka kwa katulutsidwe, komwe pakokha kumakhala ndi vuto lalikulu la kapamba m'thupi la munthu.

Ndi chifukwa chake nthawi yayikulu ya kapamba ndi bwino kutsatira kwambiri zakudya.

Kodi kudya pasitala ndi kapamba?

Ku funso loti pasitala ndi zotheka kapamba, yankho lake ndi labwino. Koma pali chinsinsi chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri pakuphika. Ziyenera kutsatidwa ndi matendawa. Macaroni yokhala ndi kapamba ayenera kudyedwa mwa mawonekedwe owiritsa, komanso kuphika mu uvuni. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kudya zakudya yokazinga, komanso mbale zokhala ndi mchere wambiri. Mwa njira, ndikofunikira kusiya kotheratu kugwiritsa ntchito zotsalazo.

Zosankha zophika za pasitala ndi zakudya zina zovomerezeka

Nazi njira zingapo zosavuta zophikira pasitala ya kapamba:

Vermicelli amayenera kudulidwa mzidutswa, pafupifupi masentimita awiri kapena atatu, kenako ndikuwiritsa m'madzi amchere pang'ono kwa theka la ola. Nthawi ino imawonedwa ngati yabwino kwambiri. Popeza pakadutsa mphindi 30 zitsulo zonse kuchokera ku pasitala zimamasulidwa, ndikusintha kukhala phala. Chifukwa cha izi, zopatsa mphamvu za mbale yophika zimatsika kwambiri, mpaka kufika pamlingo wotsika kwambiri. Pasitayo itaphika, amayenera kuponyedwa mu colander ndikudikirira kwakanthawi mpaka madzi onse ochokera mundawo atuluka.

Ndi kapamba, njira yotsimikizika yophika pasitala ndikuwaphika nawonso mu uvuni. Casserole ya pasitala imalimbikitsidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pazigawo zochepa kufikira itamveka bwino momwe thupi la wodwalayo limayankhira mbale. Pophika, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira iyi. Vermicelli (pafupifupi 150-200 g) ayenera kuphika ndi kuloledwa kuziziritsa. Pambuyo pake onjezani kanyumba kakang'ono ka tchizi (pafupifupi magalamu 75) ndi dzira limodzi lomenyedwa bwino. Sakanizani bwino msanganizo wonse ndi kuvala nkhungu ya mafuta ambiri. Kuphika mbale mu uvuni pafupifupi mphindi khumi ndi zisanu, mpaka kutumphuka wagolide kumayamba kupanga pamwamba. Ndiwosayenerera.

Ndi kapamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zophikidwa m'njira yomweyo ndi kuwonjezera kwa nyama yophika, nkhuku kapena nyama yamphongo.

Manja yophika pasitala

Zogulitsa zoterezi zimatha kukonzedwanso ndi manja anu. Ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi kapamba. Kuti muchite izi, phatikizani mazira atatu ndi 300 g ufa wosalala. Panda mtanda bwino mpaka ukhale wovuta. Kenako aziloledwa kupuma kwa ola limodzi. Pambuyo pa nthawi iyi, iyenera kumakulungika mpaka 2mm kuchokera pamtunda, kudula m'mizere yopyapyala ndikuphika mumadzi owiritsa owiritsa kwa mphindi pafupifupi 7 mpaka 10.

Zoletsedwa ndi Zololedwa

Choyamba tiyeni tiwone zakudya zoletsedwa za kapamba. Zakudya izi zikuphatikiza:

  • batala, mafuta a masamba,
  • mafuta
  • zokometsera zokometsera
  • nsomba yamafuta
  • Masamba atsopano ndi zipatso
  • mowa
  • zinthu zatsopano zophika
  • chimanga ndi nyemba
  • mapira
  • mafuta amtundu wa nkhuku, nyama,
  • bowa.
  • mchere
  • ankasuta nyama.

Zovomerezeka ndizophatikiza:

  • nyama yokonda
  • nsomba zowonda
  • masamba ophika
  • zopangidwa mkaka (mafuta ochepa),
  • chimanga (Buckwheat, mpunga, oatmeal),
  • buledi wowuma.

Pomaliza pang'ono

Tsopano mukudziwa kuti yankho la funso, kodi ndizotheka kapena ayi pasitala ndi kapamba, lidzakhala labwino. Koma pokhapokha ngati matendawa ali munthawi yovuta kwambiri, komanso munthuyo alibe zotsatira zoyenera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Mulimonsemo, musanadye izi kapena malonda, ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala.

Kusiya Ndemanga Yanu