Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga: kuyesa odwala

Mawu akuti shuga amawunika amatanthauza kuzindikira koyambirira matenda. Kuyang'ana ndi kuyesa matenda sazindikira. Ngati pali zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, matenda amapangidwa, omwe sawunika. Cholinga chotsirizachi ndikuzindikira anthu omwe ali ndi asymptomatic pathology. Kuunikira kumazindikira ngati munthu ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso vuto lakelo. Mayeso opatukirana ogwiritsa ntchito muyezo wofunikira amafunikira ngati zotsatira zowunikira zikhale zabwino pakuwatsimikizira mwatsatanetsatane.

Kuwona za matenda ashuga kumaphatikizapo:

• kudya plasma shuga kutsimikiza,
• kuyeserera kwa shuga
• kafukufuku wa mulingo wa glycogemoglobin (kawirikawiri).

Mayeso owonjezerapo ena angagwiritsidwe ntchito, mwachitsanzo, kupezeka kwa shuga, acetone (matupi a ketone) mkodzo.

Ngati ndi kotheka, zindikirani kuchuluka kwa shuga mutatha kudya. Mayeso oterewa amatchedwa osasinthika. Miyeso ya m'magazi a plasma imachitika popanda kuganizira nthawi yakudya yomaliza. Mlingo wa glucose wosasinthika wa .111.1 mmol / L umawerengedwa kuti ndiwo maziko a matenda ashuga. Maphunziro otsimikiza (kutsimikiza mtima kwa shuga m'magazi am'magazi, kuyesa kwa glucose) kumachitika tsiku lotsatira.

Ndani amafunika kuwunika matenda a shuga?

Kutengera upangiri wa akatswiri wa WHO, kuwunika makanema kumalimbikitsa anthu azaka zopitilira 45. Nthawi zonse: zaka zitatu zilizonse. Nthawiyo idasankhidwa chifukwa chovuta kwambiri panthawi yovutikira. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zoopsa zambiri, kuwunika kuyenera kuchitika kale.

Zina mwazinthuzi ndi izi:

1. Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
2. Mbiri yakale ya matenda ashuga.
3. Cholesterol okwera.
4. Matenda a kapamba
5. Matenda a mtima.
6. Polycystic ovary syndrome.
7. Kuwonongeka kwamafuta kwa chiwindi.
8. Hemochromatosis.
9. Cystic fibrosis (cystic fibrosis).
10. Mitochondrial neuropathies ndi myopathies.
11. Myotonic dystrophy.
12. Herederal ataxia wa Friedreich.

Mwayi wodwala matenda a shuga ndiwopamwamba chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mwanjira zina: glucocorticoids, antipsychotic, antidepressants, mankhwala a chemotherapeutic. Zimachulukanso ndi zaka, ndi kunenepa kwambiri, zolimbitsa thupi zochepa. Matenda a shuga amapezeka pafupipafupi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mabanja omwe akudwala komanso amitundu ina.

Kusanthula kwa Matenda a Ana

Monga momwe tikulimbikitsira, kuwunikira ana / achinyamata kukuwoneka pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kukhalapo kapena kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Kunenepa kwambiri (kulemera> 120% ya kwabwino), cholowa (matenda ashuga abale achibale oyamba ndi achiwiri madigiri), kupezeka kwa zizindikiro za insulin - maziko oyeserera.

Chifukwa chake kuyesa matenda a shuga ndikofunikira

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a mtundu wa 2 omwe ali ndi vuto losadziwika bwino ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda opha ziwopsezo, matenda a fungus, vuto la maso, matenda ammimba, zilonda zam'mapazi, matenda ammimba otumphukira, ndipo pali mwayi waukulu wobereka mwana wokhala ndi hypoglycemia. Kuzindikira koyambirira komanso kulandira chithandizo cha matenda ashuga nthawi yake kumachepetsa kuopsa kwa matendawa komanso zovuta zake.

Matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amapezeka pokhapokha zovuta, zikupangitsa kuti chithandizo chovuta chikhale chovuta. Kufufuzafufuza kumaganiziridwa kuti kumathandiza kuzindikira pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa atatu a anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wakale sanachitepo, pali umboni wokwanira wosonyeza phindu la matenda oyambira posanthula anthu asymptomatic.

Ndizosatheka kudziimira pakokha popanda matenda ashuga. Ndi madokotala okha, omwe amawunika mawonetseredwe azachipatala komanso / kapena zodziwikiratu, omwe angatumize wodwalayo kuti amupime.

Kuti mupeze upangiri wofotokozera za matenda ashuga, pezani nthawi ndi a endocrinologists a Purezidenti-Med Medical Center

Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga: kuyesa odwala

Mu shuga mellitus, kuphwanya kagayidwe kake ka zakudya ndi zamadzimadzi kumachitika m'thupi la munthu. Zotsatira za njirayi, zovuta muntchito ya kapamba zimadziwika, ndipo ndendende gawo lomwe limayankha popanga insulin. Ngati mavuto ayamba ndikupanga timadzi tating'onoting'ono, thupi la munthu limataya mphamvu yopanga shuga mu shuga.

Zotsatira zake, shuga amadziunjikira m'magazi, omwe amawonjezera mkodzo wambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, pali kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kamadzi, minyewa imalephera kusunga madzi, imakumbidwa ndi impso. Munthu akakhala ndi shuga wamagazi kwambiri kuposa momwe amakhala, chizikhala chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga.

Matendawa amatha kubereka kapena kutengedwa. Chifukwa cha matenda ashuga komanso kusowa kwa insulin, wodwalayo amatenga matenda a impso, mtima, mantha, maselo a ziwiya, zotupa za pakhungu, komanso kupenya kwamaso.

Zizindikiro Za Matenda A shuga

Mawonetseredwe azachipatala a shuga amadziwika ndi njira yomwe pang'onopang'ono, matendawa amawonekera mu mawonekedwe omwe akuwonjezeka mwachangu ndi glycemia ndi osowa kwambiri.

Ndi chiyambi cha matenda ashuga, odwala amakumana ndi zovuta zotsatirazi:

1. kamwa yowuma
2. ludzu losalekeza
3. kuchuluka kwamkodzo
4. kuchuluka msanga kapena kuchepa kwa thupi, mafuta m'thupi,
5. kuyuma ndi kuyabwa kwa khungu.

Nthawi zambiri, wodwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi chizolowezi chomwenso chimapangitsa minyewa, khungu, kufooka kwa minofu, komanso thukuta limachulukana. Vuto lalikulu kwa wodwala matenda ashuga ndi kuchiritsidwa koyipa kwa mabala aliwonse.

Madandaulo omwe atchulidwawa amakhala chizindikiro choyamba chophwanya insulini, ayenera kukhala mwayi wokaonana ndi adokotala, kukayezetsa magazi kuti apeze shuga kuti adziwe hypoglycemia.

Matendawa akamakula, zizindikiro zina zimawoneka zomwe zikuwonetsa kuyambika kwa zovuta. Mu milandu yayikulu kwambiri, mavuto osokoneza moyo, kuledzera kwambiri, komanso kulephera kwamankhwala ambiri kumachitika.

Zowonetsera zazikulu za zovuta za matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri zidzakhala:

• mavuto amawonedwe
• kuchepa mphamvu kwa miyendo, makamaka khungu pakapazi,
• kupweteka kwa mtima, chiwindi chachikulu.
• dzanzi la miyendo
• kupitirira kwa kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi (onse a diastolic ndi systolic).

Ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga munthu wodwala, chisokonezo, kutupa kwa miyendo, ndi nkhope zimadziwika.

Njira Zodziwitsira

Sonyezani shuga yanu kapena sankhani jenda pamayendedwe Akusaka Osapezeka Kusaka sakupeza Kusaka sikupezeka

Pakukayikiridwa pang'ono kwa matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kuti wapezedwa kapena mukutsutsa. Pazifukwa izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita njira zingapo zothandizira ntchito.

Choyamba, adotolo adzalembera kuyesedwa kwa magazi pakupanga shuga m'magazi ake (kutsimikiza mtima kusala glycemia). Chotsatira, muyenera kupimitsa kuyesa kwa glucose, kumafunikira kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa kudya kwa glycemia ndi maola awiri mutatha kumwa kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycated ndi kuyezetsa kwamankhwala am'mwazi kumathandiza kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kusokonezeka kwa ziwalo zamkati motsutsana ndi matenda a shuga.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin komanso kulekerera kwa glucose kumatchedwa kupima shuga.

Kuyesa kwa mbiri ya glycemic kumathandiza kuzindikira matenda ashuga, momwe kuyezetsa kwamatenda kumachitika kangapo mzere kwa maola 24. Izi ziyeneranso kuchitika kuti tiwone momwe mankhwalawo alili ndi matenda a shuga.

Kuyesa mayeso a mkodzo ndikofunikira kuzindikira:

1. glucosuria (glucose level),
2. maselo oyera
3. proteinuria (mapuloteni).

Kuyesedwa kwa mkodzo kukhalapo kwa acetone kumawonetsedwa ngati pali kukayikira pakuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi (diabetesic ketoacidosis).

Kupitilira apo, kafukufuku wa momwe magazi amapangira magazi, fundus, insulin, insulin, ndi mayeso a Reberg ndizovomerezeka.

Kuwunika za matenda ashuga, monga mayeso ena a ma labotale, kumakhala kodalirika kutengera kuthekera ndi chidwi cha njira zofufuzira. Zizindikiro izi pakuwunika kwa glucose yosala ndizosintha, koma zimawerengedwa kuti ndi 50%, kudziwa 95%. Nthawi yomweyo, zimaganiziridwa kuti chidwi chitha kuchepetsedwa ngati matendawa achita ndi munthu wazaka zopitilira 65.

Kuzindikira kumatsirizika ndi dopplerography ya ultrasound, capillaroscopy, rheovasography yamitsempha yamiyendo, ultrasound ya impso, mtima ndi ziwalo zam'mimba.

Wodwala aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuonana ndi madokotala:

• endocrinologist
• mtima
• dokotala wa opaleshoni
• neuropathologist
• ophthalmologist.

Kuchita njira yonse yovuta yodziwira matendawa kumathandiza kumvetsetsa kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga, kudziwa njira zamankhwala.

Zotheka ndi zovuta

Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri okha sangadzetse chiwopsezo pamoyo wa wodwalayo, koma zovuta zake ndi zotsatira zake zimakhala zowopsa. Mu shuga mellitus, wodwalayo amathamanga chiopsezo chokumana ndi chifuwa cha matenda ashuga, chizindikiro chake chowopsa sichikhala chisokonezo, kuletsa kwambiri. Odwala oterewa pakanthawi kochepa amayenera kupita kuchipatala.

Khofi wofala kwambiri wa matenda ashuga ndi ketoacidotic, yemwe amayamba chifukwa chodzikundikira zinthu zapoizoni zomwe zimakhala ndi vuto m'maselo amitsempha yaanthu. Chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti chizindikire mofulumira cha vuto lowopsa ndi kununkhira kosaletseka kwa acetone kuchokera pamkamwa wamkati pakupuma. Zizindikiro zimathandizanso kukayikira wodwala matenda ashuga:

1. thupi lakutidwa thukuta lakuzizira
2. kuwonongeka msanga kwa thanzi.

Mitundu ina ya kukomoka ndiyosowa kwambiri.

Mavuto ena a shuga amayenera kutupa, amatha kukhala akomweko kapena amakhala ndi chilengedwe. Kuopsa kwa kutaya mtima kumadalira kupezeka kwa mtima wofanana ndi kulephera kwaimpso. M'malo mwake, chizindikiro ichi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda a shuga, pamene amatchulidwa kwambiri, kumatupika kwambiri.

Pamene edema ndi asymmetrical, yophimba mwendo umodzi wokha, adokotala akukamba za matenda ashuga a m'munsi am'munsi, othandizidwa ndi neuropathy.

Kudziwona bwino matenda a shuga ndikofunikanso kupewa kuthamanga kapena kuchepa kwa magazi. Zizindikiro za systolic ndi diastolic Press zimakhalanso chizindikiritso chazovuta zakulephera kwa insulin. Ndi diabetesic nephropathy yomwe ikupita patsogolo, pamene impso zimakhudzidwa, kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika kwa systolic kumadziwika.

Ngati kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'matumbo amiyendo, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi njira ya Dopplerography, wodwalayo amapezeka ndi angiopathy yokhala m'munsi. Ululu wamendo ungathenso kuwonetsa matenda a shuga ndi neuropathy. Kwa microangiopathy, ululu umadziwika ndi:

• akuyenda
• zolimbitsa thupi zilizonse.

Zosasangalatsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti odwala matenda ashuga asiye nthawi zambiri, asamasuke kuti achepetse kulimba kwawo.

Koma kupweteka m'miyendo, komwe kumachitika usiku wokha, kudzakhala chizindikiro cha matenda a shuga.

Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zimayamba kukhala dzanzi, komanso kuchepa kwa chidwi cha khungu. Odwala ena amakhala ndi vuto lakuyaka kumalo amodzi phazi, phazi lotsika.

Ngati palibe mankhwala a matenda a shuga, angiopathy amapita patsogolo, pamakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kuyambitsidwa kwa zowonongeka zazingwe zazing'onoting'ono komanso zazikulu. Monga lamulo, njirazi zimayamba pa chala chimodzi chokha. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi, wodwalayo akumva kupweteka kwambiri, redness komanso kuyaka. Matendawa amayamba kukula:

1. kumakhala ozizira, osokoneza bongo, otupa,
2. thovu limawoneka ndi mitambo, mawanga akuda (necrosis).

Kusintha kotereku sikungasinthe, ndikotheka kupulumutsa mwendo womwe wakhudzidwa ndikudula. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti ikhale yotsika momwe mungathere, chifukwa opaleshoni pamiyendo sikubweretsa zotsatira zambiri, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti azidulidwa pang'ono mpaka kufika pansi. Pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni, pamakhala mwayi woti abwezeretsenso kuyenda chifukwa cha mano apamwamba kwambiri.

Kupewera kwa matenda ashuga ndikoyamba kudziwa matendawa, munthawi yake komanso chithandizo chokwanira. Kupambana kwamankhwala kumatengera kukhazikitsa mosamalitsa malangizo a madokotala, chakudya chapadera.

Payokha, muyenera kufotokozera za miyendo yatsiku ndi tsiku yomwe ndiyofunika kusamalira miyendo, izi zikuthandizira kuthetsa zowonongeka, ndipo ngati zichitika, pitani kuchipatala msanga.

nkhaniyi ikuthandizani kuzindikira matenda ashuga

Sonyezani shuga yanu kapena sankhani jenda pamayendedwe Akusaka Osapezeka Kusaka sakupeza Kusaka sikupezeka

Type 2 matenda ashuga

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga odziwika bwino kwa madokotala onse, monga pakamwa pouma, polydipsia (ludzu lalikulu), polyuria, kuchepa thupi, ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga mellitus (DM) sikuwonekere konse kapena kukulira pambuyo pake. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zoyambirira zimawonetsa zovuta za matenda ashuga - ochepa - ndi macroangiopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy.

Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, kufalikira kwa retinoopathy pa nthawi yodziwitsa mtundu wa matenda ashuga 2 kumachokera ku 20% mpaka 40%. Popeza retinopathy imayamba pamene kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga kukuchulukirachulukira, akuti mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri ungachitike ngakhale patadutsa zaka 12 chidziwitso chazachipatala chisanachitike. Chifukwa chake, kuti pakhale mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga a 2, kufunikira kuyenera kuyenera.

Chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu 2 omwe amadziwika bwino ndi omwe amachokera 30% mpaka 90%. Mwambiri, zomwe zimapezeka m'maiko osiyanasiyana, ngakhale zina zosatsutsana, mwachitsanzo, Mongolia ndi Australia, zikuwonetsa kuti kwa munthu aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, pali winanso amene ali ndi matenda osadziwika a mtundu womwewo.

M'mayiko ena, kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga osapezekanso kwachuluka kwambiri: ku zilumba za Tonga kumafika 80%, ndipo ku Africa - 60 - 90%. Nthawi yomweyo, 30% yokha ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe sapezeka ku United States.

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga a mtundu 1 ndi 2: njira ndi kupewa

Matenda a shuga amayamba kuphwanya kagayidwe kake ka zakudya ndi madzi m'thupi. Vutoli limayambitsa kukanika kwa pancreatic komanso kuphwanya insulin, yomwe imakhudzidwa pokonza shuga. Ndi matenda osayembekezereka, matendawa amatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu, mpaka kufa.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimawonekera kutengera mtundu wamatenda. Ndi zovuta zamtundu 1, zikondamoyo zomwe zakhudzidwa pang'ono kapena ziletsa kwathunthu kupanga kwa mahomoni. Chifukwa cha izi, thupi siliphatikiza glucose pazakudya. Popanda mankhwala, chitukuko cha matendawa sichitha kuthandizidwa.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga 1

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amakhala ndi zaka 30. Amawona zizindikiro zotsatirazi zamatsenga:

• kuwonda mwadzidzidzi
• kulakalaka
• kununkhira kwa acetone mu mkodzo,
• kusintha kwadzidzidzi,
• kutopa kwambiri,
• kuwonongeka kwakuthwa m'moyo wabwino.

Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito insulin, matenda a shuga 1 amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi ketoocytosis. Chifukwa cha matendawa, mankhwala oopsa amapezeka m'thupi, omwe amapangidwa chifukwa cha kusweka kwa maselo a lipid.

Zizindikiro za Matenda Awiri A shuga

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amapezeka kawirikawiri mwa anthu atatha zaka 35. Matendawa amakonda kwambiri onenepa.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, 85% ya anthu omwe amapezeka ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ali ndi matenda a mtundu 2. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kupanga kwambiri insulin mthupi.

Koma pamenepa, insulin imakhala yopanda ntchito, chifukwa minofuyo imatha kutaya chidwi ndi mphamvu imeneyi.

Matenda a 2 matenda a shuga sakonda kuvuta ketoocytosis. Mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zoyipa: kupsinjika, kumwa mankhwala, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kukwera pafupifupi 50 mmol / L. Mkhalidwe umakhala chifukwa cha kusowa kwamadzi, kulephera kuzindikira.

Gawani zambiri zamatenda omwe amapezeka ndi mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda:

• kumverera kopanda pakamwa kowuma
• ludzu
• kusintha koopsa kwa thupi,
• kusinthika bwino kwa mabala ngakhale ndi kuwonongeka pang'ono pakhungu.
• kugona ndi kufooka
• kulemala
• kuchepera kuyendetsa galimoto,
• mikono ndi miyendo,
• kumva kugwedezeka kwa miyendo
• furunculosis,
• kutsitsa kutentha kwa thupi
• Khungu.

Njira zofufuzira

Kuzindikira matendawa kumaphatikizapo maphunziro azachipatala komanso a labotale. Poyambirira, dokotala amatenga anamnesis wa matenda - amawunika wodwalayo, amawona kutalika kwake ndi kulemera kwake, makonzedwe abadwa ndi vuto. Phunziroli limapitiliza ngati wodwalayo ali ndi ziwiri kapena zingapo za matendawa.

Popanga matenda, ziwopsezo zimayang'aniridwa:

• zaka zopitilira 40
• onenepa kwambiri
• kusowa zolimbitsa thupi,
• kuyanʻanila kagayidwe kagayidwe kachakudya mu azimayi pa nthawi yobereka komanso pambuyo pobadwa,
• polycystic thumba losunga mazira mu kugonana koyenera,
• kuchuluka kwa magazi.

Anthu opitilira zaka 40 ayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi (nthawi 1 m'zaka 3). Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga amafunika kukonzedwa kamodzi pachaka.

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu 2 amatha kupezeka ndi mayeso ena kapena kuwunika. Kafukufuku wotereyu amakupatsani mwayi kuti mupeze matenda am'migawo yoyambirira ya chitukuko, pomwe matendawa satsatiridwa ndi mawonekedwe amunthu.

Njira yodalirika yodziwira matenda am'madzi ndikuwonetsa chizindikiro cha glycosylated hemoglobin. Mlingo wofuna kupatuka kwa chizindikiritso poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Njira zoyambira matenda

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga kumaphatikizapo njira zoyambira komanso zowonjezera. Gulu loyamba la maphunziro liphatikizapo:

1. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga.
2. Mayeso a kulolera a glucose. Asanawunike, wodwalayo amamwa tambala ndikupereka magazi kuchokera pachala chisanafike ndi pambuyo pake. Njira imalola kusiyanitsa matendawa ndi prediabetes.
3. Urinalysis kwa shuga.
4. Kuzindikira ma ketones m'magazi a wodwalayo kapena mkodzo wake kuti mudziwe zovuta za matendawo kapena kukula kwake.

Kupanikizika kwa matenda ashuga - kuzindikira, chithandizo

Njira zowonjezera zakufufuzira

Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndizotsimikiza:

1. Autoantibodies kupita ku insulin.
2. Proinsulin - kuphunzira kuthekera kwa kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba.
3. Zizindikiro zam'mbuyomu.
4. C-peptide - kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa insulin m'maselo.
5. HLA - kuyimira - kuti muwone zotheka za cholowa.

Njira zowonjezerapo kafukufuku zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kudziwa njira zabwino kwambiri zamankhwala kapena ngati matenda a shuga ndi ovuta. Kusankha kopereka mayeso owonjezera kumachitika ndi adokotala.

Kukonzekera kuyeserera kwa shuga

Asanayesedwe kuloleza kwa shuga, dokotala amalankhula ndi wodwalayo. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino kwa munthu aliyense ndi payekhapayekha, chifukwa chake ziyeso za mayeso zimaphunziridwa mumphamvu.

1. Dokotala amaphunzira kwa wodwala za mankhwala omwe amamwa. Mankhwala ena amatha kuthana ndi zotsatira za phunziroli, motero amathetsedwa kwakanthawi. Ngati sizotheka kusiya mankhwalawo kapena kusankha zina zoyenerera, ndiye kuti zotsatira zoyesedwazo zimalembedwa poganizira izi.
2. Masiku atatu njira isanachitike, wodwalayo ayenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta. Chikhalidwe cha chakudya cham'madzi ndi 150 g patsiku.
3. Madzulo dzuwa lisanayesedwe, kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amamwetsedwa amachepetsedwa kukhala 80 g.
4. Phunziroli lisanachitike, iwo samadya maola 8-10, kusuta fodya ndi kumwa ndizoletsedwa. Kumwa madzi okha osakhala ndi kaboni kumaloledwa.
5. Maola 24 asanafike mayeso, zolimbitsa thupi ndizochepa.

Pambuyo pa phunziroli, wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kuwona chizungulire pang'ono ndi kuwuma pakhungu pamalo oyikapo ntchito ya alendo.

Kusiyanitsa mitundu

Kusiyanitsa mitundu ya matenda ashuga kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwira mtundu wa matenda. Katswiriyu amatenga chidwi ndi zizindikiro za matenda, chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya shuga imadziwika ndi chithunzi chawo. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda amodzi umadziwika ndi kuyamba kwachangu, 2 - Kukula pang'onopang'ono.

Gome likuwonetsa njira zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana a shuga

Pogwiritsa ntchito matenda osiyanasiyana, mutha kuzindikira mitundu ya matenda ashuga: latent, steroidal kapena gestational.

Glucometer - tsatanetsatane wa mita yamagazi

Kuzindikira zovuta

Popanda chithandizo, matenda amzeru amabweretsa zovuta zingapo zovuta. Zina mwa izi ndi:

Ketoacitosis. Matendawa amatha kudwala aliyense amene ali ndi matenda ashuga. Zina mwa zizindikiro za keocytosis ndi:

• kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi,
• kukodza pafupipafupi,
• nseru
• kupweteka m'mimba
• kupuma kwambiri
• khungu lowuma
• redness la nkhope.

Zizindikiro zimayambitsa chisamaliro chamankhwala.

Hypoglycemia ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi. Mkhalidwewo umatsatiridwa ndi:

• kunjenjemera m'thupi
• kufooka
• chisangalalo,
• kumverera kwanjala kosalekeza
• mutu.

Ngati zizindikiro zotere zikupezeka, wodwalayo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Mtima matenda. Ndi matenda a shuga, mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi nthawi zambiri imavutika. Pali chiwopsezo cha kulephera kwa mtima kapena vuto la mtima.

Neuropathy. Vutoli limapezeka ndi zizindikiro zingapo:

• kutayika kwa miyendo
• kumverera kozizira
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kupunduka kwamapazi,
• kuchepera kugonana poyendetsa,
• mavuto akuthira chikhodzodzo kapena matumbo.

Matenda a impso. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi kumawonjezera katundu pazinthu zamkodzo. Matenda a shuga amayambitsa matenda a impso. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa mavuto mu kwamikodzo:

• kuphika kwamkodzo
• kukwera kwakuthwa kutentha
• kupweteka kumbuyo
• kukodza pafupipafupi.

Mu shuga mellitus, ndikofunikira kuperekera mkodzo pafupipafupi kuti muunikidwe kuti muwone ntchito ya impso.

Pathology yamawonedwe. Kuchuluka kwa shuga mu thupi kumapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha. Pazifukwa izi, odwala amakumana ndi mavuto - amphaka, rhinopathy. Pofuna kupewa kutukuka kwa zovuta, ndikofunikira kuti mudzacheze pafupipafupi. Dokotala azindikira matenda amawonedwe koyambirira.

Kupewa

Matenda a shuga ndi osachiritsika, chifukwa chake, kupewa kwa kukula kwa matendawa kuyenera kuthana nawo posachedwa. Njira zodzitetezera zimaphatikizapo malingaliro otsatirawa:

• zakudya zopatsa thanzi
• kusiya zizolowezi zoipa,
• yoyamwitsa
• kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi
• Chithandizo cha mavuto aakulu mthupi.

Popewa matenda a pathology, ndikofunikira osati zakudya zoyenera zokha, komanso kudya kwamadzi okwanira, chifukwa thupi likafooka, kupanga kwa ma pancreatic hormone kumachepa. Werengani zambiri za kupewa matenda ashuga pano.

Mfundo zina zofunika

Miyezo ya chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa 1 imaphatikizapo zakudya, insulini, ndi kutsata njira. Kuti muwerengere molondola kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga tsiku lililonse.

Mankhwalawa amagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo: insulin yayitali, yochepa komanso yochepa. Mtundu wa mankhwalawa amalembedwa ndi adokotala, kutengera mawonekedwe a shuga 1.

Kutengera ndi malamulowa, kukula kwa matenda am'mlengalenga kumachepera.

Malangizo othandizira odwala matenda amtundu wa 2 amaphatikizidwa payekhapayekha kwa wodwala aliyense. Mfundo yayikulu yothandizira ndikuwonjezera kupanga insulini mpaka misinkhu yofunikira. Chithandizo chimathandizidwa ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chochepa komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Popeza pali zabwino zambiri zochizira, odwala amathandizidwa ndi insulin.

Kuzindikira kwamakono kwa matenda ashuga kumaphatikiza maphunziro ambiri azachipatala ndi a labotale. Ndikofunikira osati kungodziwa kukhalapo kwa matendawa, komanso kudziwa mtundu wake, mitundu. Pachifukwa ichi, njira yosiyanitsa mitundu imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuyeserera koyeserera

Endocrinologist amatenga anamnesis, amawunika ndikumupima, amati cholowa, zochitika zowopsa, amamvera madandaulo.

Kuti mudziwe matenda amtundu wa 2 kapena mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2, muyenera kudziwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri:

• ulesi, kutopa kosalekeza,
• "Zankhanza" zamkati, koma nthawi yomweyo kusiya kunenepa (mtundu 1 wa matenda a shuga),
• Pakamwa pakamwa ndi poterera chitsulo.
• polydipsia ndi ludzu lolimba losalephera,
• thukuta, makamaka mutatha kudya,
• kulemera msanga (mtundu 2 shuga)
• zotupa pakhungu
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
• polyuria - kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kopitilira malita 1.8,
• mkodzo woopsa ukhoza kukhala ndi fungo la ma acetone kapena maapulo oola,
• khungu losalephera ,uma kwawo,
• kusanza, nseru,
• kulira ndi kugona mkati mikono ndi miyendo.

Zachidziwikire, ngakhale mutakhala ndi matenda ashuga, izi sizitanthauza kuti zizindikilo zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa zizipezeka, koma osachepera atatu amazindikiridwa nthawi imodzi, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa kukula.

Monga lamulo, mawonekedwe a matenda amtundu wa 1 wa shuga amawonekera mofulumira kuti wodwalayo athe kudziwa tsiku lenileni lomwe zinachitika. Odwala ena amayamba kumvetsetsa zomwe zidachitika kumalo osungirako odwala kwambiri, kufikira kumeneko ndi matenda a shuga. Mtundu wamatendawa umakonda kwambiri mwa ana kapena anthu ochepera zaka 40.

Mtundu wachiwopsezo wa shuga wa Type 2 uli ndi njira yayitali yobisika, chifukwa chake, ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda, kuzindikira koyenera komanso kwakanthawi nkofunika kwambiri.

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lotha kudziwiratu, monga:

• prediabetes
• zaka zopitilira 45
• kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi ma lipoprotein m'magazi,
• kunenepa
• cholowa chovuta (matenda a shuga m'mabanja),
• ochepa matenda oopsa
• shuga wamkati mwa mayi woyembekezera, glucosuria, polyhydramnios, kubadwa kwa mwana woposa 4 kg,
• polycystic ovary.

Anthu omwe adutsa zaka 40 zapitazi amafunika kuti azindikire kamodzi pazaka zitatu zilizonse kuti pakhale shuga yayikulu magazi, ngati munthu ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso choopsa chimodzi - pachaka.

Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amatha kudziwonetsa ndi mawonekedwe monga kusintha kwa tsitsi ndi khungu (xanthomatosis, cyanosis, blush, kuwala, pallor, kupatulira, pyoderma, chinyezi), kusazindikira kwa njira ya minofu, maso, ndi dongosolo la minofu. Komanso, zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimatha kusokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa impso, mtima:

Kafukufuku wa Laborator

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga kumakuthandizani kudziwa mtundu wa matenda omwe muli nawo 1 kapena 2. Pa phunziroli, mitundu ingapo ya mayeso ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, ena mwa iwo ndi oyenera kuwunika, ndiye kuti, zimathandiza kuzindikira matendawa m'mayambiriro ake. Kuchita mayeserowa ndikosavuta, motero amachitidwa ndi anthu ambiri.

Njira yolondola kwambiri yodziwira matenda a shuga a 2 ndikuyezera hemoglobin ya glycosylated. Iyenera kukhala mkati mwa 4.5-6,5% ya buku lonse la hemoglobin. Ndi chithandizo chake, mutha kudziwa mosavuta mtundu wobisika wa matenda a shuga 2, komanso kuunika kuyenera kwa mankhwalawo.

Kuzindikira matendawa kumaphatikizapo njira zoyambira komanso zowonjezera.

Kuyesa kwakukulu kwa matenda ashuga ndi:

• Shuga mumkodzo - siziyenera kukhala zabwinobwino; glucose amalowa mkodzo pokhapokha poyerekeza ndi 8,
• Kutsimikiza kwa shuga ndi shuga m'magazi
• Kuyesererana kwa glucose - isanaperekedwe, njira ya shuga imaperekedwa pakamwa kapena kudzera m'mitsetse kwa wodwalayo. Kenako, kudzera pakukhazikika kwakanthawi, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera pachala. Kuyesedwa koteroko kumathandizira kudziwa kulolera kwa glucose,
• Mlingo wa Fructosamine - wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa akhanda ndi amayi oyembekezera, amakulolani kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'masiku 21 apitawa,
• Kuphunzira za kuchuluka kwa ma ketones.

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga a 2 amaphatikizanso njira zina zoyezera, onani:

• magazi insulin
• adiponectin, ghrelin, resistin ndi leptin,
• proinsulin
• HLA - kuyimira,
• C-peptide (imathandiza kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin kudzera m'maselo).

Kufufuza kwina kwa matenda ashuga kumatha kukhala kofunikira ngati pali zovuta pakudziwitsani, ndipo mayeso amathandizanso kusankha mankhwalawo.

Kuti muwone bwino matenda a shuga a 2, kuyamwa magazi kuyenera kuchitidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zake ndizofanana - 3.3-5,5 mmol / l. Mutha kumwa magazi a venous ndi capillary. Musanagwiritse ntchito njirayi musanayambe kusuta, muzipewa kukwiya kwambiri, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zotsatira zake zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi mankhwala ena ndi mavitamini, matenda ena.

Mavuto a shuga

Matenda a shuga - Uku ndikusintha koipa m'matumba, kumayambitsa matenda ashuga, ndipo pambuyo pake kuwonongeka kwakanthawi.

Matenda ashuga angiopathy - kusintha koopsa m'matumbo obwera nako kosavuta kwa matenda ashuga, kenako ndikupatsanso retinopathy, komwe kumapangitsa kuwoneka kooneka bwino pang'onopang'ono, komwe kumapangitsa khungu.

Matenda a shuga asakanikirana ndi matenda a shuga - Kuwonongeka kwambiri kwa impso, komwe ndi komwe kumayambitsa matenda ambiri mwa odwala.Matenda a kwamkodzo akajowina ndi glomerulosulinosis, kulephera kwa impso kumakula msanga, nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika.

Gangrene wa m'munsi - ndi matenda a shuga ndimayendedwe amachitidwe ambiri a pathological: atherosulinosis, microangiopathy, neuropathy. Kukula kwa matenda ashuga odwala matenda ashuga amatha ndikuduladula miyendo.

Matenda a shuga - kuwonongeka kwa gawo limodzi kapena zingapo phazi, lomwe limadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa mafupa komanso zimakhala zofewa, mapangidwe a zilonda zam'mapazi za phazi.

Kusintha kwachinsinsi kwamkati wamanjenje - encephalopathy, kuwonongeka kwa kukumbukira, kukhumudwa, kusokonezeka kwa tulo.

Kusintha kwachidziwitso mu zotumphukira zamanjenje - distal polyneuropathy, yowonetsedwa ndi kupweteka, kuchepa kwa chidwi chazovuta, kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono mu kupweteka kwapweteka, khunyu, kudzimva kufooka, kuchepa kwa minofu. Autonomic neuropathy imabweretsa mavuto osokoneza bongo, enteropathy, hyperhidrosis, kusabala.

Lemberani Wodwala

• zaka zopitilira 45
• onenepa
• ndi matenda obadwa nawo a shuga
• ndi matenda oopsa
• ndi hyperlipidemia
• ndi matenda a chiwindi

Tsiku lowerengera

• Matenda A shuga - Kuunika - 1 tsiku.
• Matenda a shuga - mayeso athunthu - tsiku limodzi.

Pulogalamuyi imaphatikizapo mayeso

Kukonzekera kwa kusanthula

1. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutenge magazi kuti mukafufuze pamimba yopanda kanthu, mutha kumwa madzi okha.
2. Pambuyo pa chakudya chomaliza, pafupifupi maola 8 ayenera kudutsa.
3. Zitsanzo zamagazi zakufufuzira ziyenera kuchitika musanamwe mankhwala (ngati nkotheka) kapena osapitirira sabata ziwiri atachotsedwa. Ngati sizotheka kusiya kumwa mankhwalawa, muyenera kuwonetsa kuchipatala momwe madokotala mukumwa komanso muledzera uti.
4. Tsiku loti magazi asamaperekedwe, muchepetse zakudya zamafuta ndi nyama yokazinga, osamwa mowa, komanso osafuna kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Chifukwa chodutsa pulogalamu yomwe mudzalandire

Kuyesa Matenda a shuga
Kuthamangitsidwa mwachangu kwambiri kapena kutsimikizira kwa matendawo - matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga - Kuyesedwa Kwathunthu
Chithandizo chothandiza kwambiri komanso chamunthu. Pulogalamuyi imaganizira mayeso onse ofunikira komanso mayeso, kukuthandizani kuti muzitha kuyang'anira thanzi lanu komanso kupatula matendawo ndi zovuta zake.

Gwero lokhalo lomwe sitingalowe m'moyo wathu ndi nthawi.

Pulogalamuyi imakuthandizani kuti mumayesedwe tsiku limodzi lokha, pezani chithandizo chamankhwala ndi malingaliro ofunikira

Dziwani za khansa: momwe mungapewere kuzindikira koyipa

Posachedwa, pali zokambirana zambiri zokhudza khansa. Makamaka, madokotala amachenjeza kuti khansa siziwonekera kwa nthawi yayitali, "kubisala" kuti iwone zizindikiro za matenda ena. Ndipo kudziwika kwakanthawi kokhazikika ndi koyenera komwe kungathandize kuchitapo kanthu panthawi yake ndikupewa zotsatira zake.

Dokotala wamkulu wa pa chipatala chachipatala cha Dobrobut, dotolo wapamwamba kwambiri, adatiuza momwe khansa imayenera kupezeka komanso iyenera kupezeka. Evgeny Miroshnichenko.

Kodi ndingathe kudziwa khansa ndekha?

Tsoka ilo, zotupa zambiri zoyipa zimapezekabe m'magulu apamwamba. Mwa akazi, m'mawere, m'matumbo, m'mapapo, muchiberekero ndi m'mimba, kapamba, ndi makhansa amkhungu amapezeka. Kwa amuna, khansa ya Prostate, m'mapapo, m'matumbo, kapamba, m'mimba, ndi khungu ndizodziwika.

Chovuta kwambiri kudziwa zotupa zomwe zimafanana ndi matenda osakhazikika.

Kapenanso alibe mawonekedwe enaake, koma ali ofanana ndi zotupa zomwe ndizosiyana machitidwe awo ogawa ndi njira zamankhwala.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, zotupa zilizonse sizimadzipangitsa kumva, kupatula zomwe zimakhala kunja: zotupa za pakhungu, mucous membranes omwe amapezeka kuti ayesedwe (mkamwa wamkati, khomo pachibelekeropo, etc.).

Chotupa chilibe zizindikilo zachindunji, kupatula chithunzi chowoneka, ngati chotupacho chiri kunja. Chifukwa chake, pazisonyezo zilizonse zomwe zikuyamba kuwonekera, zofanana ndi zizindikiro za matenda osakhazikika, kufunsa kwa dokotala ndikofunikira. Dokotala azitha kuwunika kufunika kozindikira bwinobwino komanso kupatula chotupa choopsa.

Mwachitsanzo, khansa ya m'mawere, osadalira kuti chotupa pachifuwa chitha kupezeka ndi dzanja: chotupa chokhala ndi mainchesi 5 mm chimatha kusowa mosavuta, ndipo pakhoza kukhala kale ndi metastases.

Alexander Ametov: "Kufufuza koyambirira kwa matenda a shuga kuyenera ku Russia"

Akadawononga ndalama zochepa pakuwunikira anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo, boma likadapulumutsa ndalama zambiri pazithandizo ndi mankhwala kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Za yemwe ali pachiwopsezo, momwe angadziwire matenda ashuga kumayambiriro, mkulu wa dipatimenti ya Endocrinology and Diabetesology ya Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Russian Ministry of Health, Doctor of Medical Science, Pulofesa Alexander Ametov adauza RIA AMI za zatsopano pakuthandizira matendawa.

- Alexander Sergeevich, zomwe zikufunika kuti zidziwike matenda ashuga molawirira?

- Osati zochuluka. Munthu aliyense ayenera kupereka magazi kamodzi pachaka kuti shuga. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa oimira magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo, omwe amaphatikizapo anthu azaka zopitilira 45-50, onenepa kwambiri, achibale apamtima omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, komanso iwo obadwa ndi thupi lozama (osachepera 2,5 kg).

Dokotala atazindikira msanga mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, ndimathandiza kwambiri kupewa matendawa, omwe amachititsa kuti wodwala azidwala komanso kufa. Mapulogalamu apadera owunikira matenda ashuga sizikumveka.

Mulingo wawo uyenera kukhala wolamulidwa ndi boma, chifukwa vutoli ndi lovuta. Zowonadi, motsutsana ndi maziko omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga monga kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa, matenda ogwirizana, komanso matenda a oncological angachitike. Matenda onsewa nthawi zonse amatenga mawonekedwe owopsa ngati glucose amachulukitsa m'magazi.

Chifukwa chake, iwo samvera msanga shuga - wodwala komanso wodwalayo - ndibwino. Pachigawo choyamba, njira zomwe zimadziwika kuti sizowonjezera zamankhwala zimathandizira wodwala: kudya moyenera, masewera olimbitsa thupi. Pali mawu akuti: "Odwala ndi matenda ashuga - pezani galu."

Kupatula apo, ndikofunikira kuyenda naye osachepera kawiri patsiku, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zolimbitsa thupi zanu zidzakulirakulira. Ndipo idzakhala chophatikiza chachikulu chathanzi.

- Kodi madokotala amadziwa zochuluka motani za zizindikiro zomwe zimafunikira kafukufuku wowonjezera?

- Zimakhala zovuta kunena za izi, chifukwa anthu ambiri amabwera kwa ife pokhapokha atakhala ndi mavuto akulu. Koma zambiri zitha kuchitidwa kuti mavuto awa atheretu. Thandizo lapamwamba silikupezeka nzika zonse.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amayenderana kwambiri ndi matenda ena onse osachiritsika. Pali matenda ambiri omwe sitingathe kuchiritsa tsopano, koma amatha kuchita zambiri kuti aletse chitukuko chawo.

Ngati munthu wavulala kale ziwalo ndi ma cell, izi zikutanthauza mtengo waukulu woperekera mankhwala.

Muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, omwe amachitika mwa anthu aubwana, amatha kuchepa kwambiri, kukodza pafupipafupi, ludzu, ndiye kuti, zizindikilo zotere zomwe munthu mwiniyo kapena abale ake adzachitapo kanthu mwachangu. Ndipo ndi matenda a shuga a 2, palibe chapadera chomwe chimachitika. Kunenepa kwambiri, kufupika, kufooka, matenda oopsa ... Munthu amathandizidwa ndi matenda oopsa, ndipo shuga sangayang'anitsidwe.

Ngakhale lero mu nkhokwe ya madotolo pali mayeso am magazi a glycated hemoglobin.Ichi ndi chisonyezo chokwanira chonse chouza dokotala za ngati shuga wa wodwalayo yawonjezeka m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo.

Ngati mungayang'ane chizindikirochi kawiri pachaka ndipo chikhala pamwamba pa 6%, izi zitanthauza kuti nthawi inayake kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa zoyenera kutsimikizidwa.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti wodwala amafunika kumuwunikira mwatsatanetsatane - kuwunika kwa shuga.

Kuwona, ndikokwanira kupenda hemoglobin ya glycated. Ndizotsika mtengo koma zothandiza kwa dokotala komanso zothandiza kwa wodwala. Ngati kuwunika koteroko kukadapezeka mdziko lathu, titha kufotokozera pasadakhale munthu wathanzi, koma kuchokera pagululo, momwe akuyenera kukhalira komanso zomwe azisamala kuti asadwale.

- Mukuganiza kwanu, kodi madotolo azachipatala ali okonzeka kuphunzitsa odwala momwe angathanirane ndi matenda awo a shuga?

- Munafunsa funsoli munthu, mchaka cha 1990, adapanga malo ophunzitsira odwala matenda ashuga m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya Russia - omwe amatchedwa "sukulu za matenda ashuga". Sanapangidwe ndi ndalama za boma. Kenako nkhani ya “Matenda a shuga. Moyo. ”

Zonsezi zimachitika kwa odwala komanso anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo, kuti athe kudziwa zambiri za matenda awo. Ndipo adotolo muchipatalacho nthawi yolandila wodwala m'modzi - mphindi 12. Sangokhala ndi nthawi yophunzitsa wodwalayo. Chifukwa chake, masukulu a matenda ashuga amafunika; anthu ayenera kupita nawo.

Ndipo sukulu zoterezi siziyenera kukhala zachinsinsi, koma pulogalamu ya boma ndi kugwira ntchito mawa chipatala chilichonse. Tsopano masukulu oterewa amangopezeka kuzipatala zapadera.

Ndipo ku Russia, monga wamkulu endocrinologist wa dzikolo, wophunzira Ivan Dedov, alengeza kale, pali anthu 10 miliyoni omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga! Onjezani chiwerengerochi anthu enanso mamiliyoni makumi asanu omwe ali ndi moyo ndipo sakudziwa kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, chifukwa sakonda kupita kwa madokotala!

- Kodi pali zovuta zina kugula mankhwala a odwala matenda ashuga?

- Pali mavuto. Ndipo amabwera, ndikukhulupirira, kuchokera poti njira yoperekera odwala matenda ashuga ndi zovuta kwambiri kuyendetsa. Tili ndi kaundula wa matenda ashuga, koma sawerengera odwala onse.

Payenera kukhala kaundula wogwira ntchito mu Unduna wa Zaumoyo wa Russia kapena mu gawo lirilonse la dera, ngati dera lenilenilo likugula mankhwala. Mlembedwe uyenera kukhala ndi zidziwitso zonse za odwala: matenda, zaka, zomwe mankhwala amalandiridwa, ndizosintha ziti.

Pamaziko a izi, mapulogalamu ayenera kupangidwa, omwe mankhwalawa ayenera kuchuluka kapena kuchuluka kwake, kuti boma la insulin, mankhwala ena, omwe sayenera kupangidwa mdziko lathuli, lipangidwe.

China chake chimapangidwa ndi mabizinesi akunyumba, ndipo china chake chimapangidwa ndi makampani azachipatala akunja, komwe timati tizimasulira chaka chimodzi pasadakhale ndikutiuza kuchuluka kwa kugula. Chifukwa chake, pamaziko awa ndizotheka kusewera ndi mtengo.

Palinso dongosolo lomwe limawerengera mtengo wa "glycated hemoglobin". Ngati ndi ochepera 7%, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amalandila chithandizo choyenera, ndipo ndalama zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito sizikhala pachabe. Ngati zotsatira za kusanthula sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika, mankhwalawa amasinthidwa, mankhwala ena amalembedwa ndikuyikidwa mu kaundula. Ndizo zonse! Palibe chovuta pano.

Tsopano pali mankhwala othandiza kwambiri. Nenani, mmodzi mwa oimira gulu la sodium glucose transporter inhibitors, omwe akuphatikiza ndi empagliflozin, amatha kuchotsa glucose owonjezera m'magazi, ndikuuponya ndi mkodzo.

Iyeretsani zokwanira kuti owerengedwa mu shuga akhale mndandanda wazikhalidwe zabwino.

Kafukufuku adamalizidwa chaka chatha chomwe chikuwonetsa kuti kufa pakati pa odwala omwe matenda ashuga ndipo mavuto akulu mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi akumwa mankhwalawa, amatsika pafupifupi 40 peresenti. Uku ndikwanuko lakusintha.

Sizinali choncho ndi chithandizo china.Makina onse amtundu wabwino wa mankhwalawa samadziwika bwino. Kafukufuku ochulukirapo adzachitika. Koma zakuti zotsatira za mankhwala ndi mankhwalawa zikhala zikulonjeza, sindikukayika.

- Kodi madokotala athu amadziwa bwino njira zatsopano zamankhwala komanso mankhwala atsopano?

Zimatengera iwo. ” Chiwerengero chamisonkhano yambiri chimachitika. Koma kumeneko mutha kuyimbira anthu 30-40. Nanga bwanji za enawo? Payenera kukhala dongosolo loyambitsa chidziwitso chatsopano cha akatswiri.

Kudzera pa intaneti, maphunziro apamwamba a madotolo, dongosolo la maphunziro aposachedwa pamaphunziro a boma.

Kuti munthu asinthe chidziwitso chake mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za boma.

Adafunsidwa ndi Elena Babicheva

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga ku Moscow adafika pamiyezo ya ku Europe: matendawa akuwonekeranso kumayambiriro / City News / tsamba la Moscow

Zizindikiro zakuzindikira matenda ashuga ku Moscow adayandikira kuchuluka kwa maiko aku Europe: kwa wodwala m'modzi wosadziwika pali awiri omwe ali ndi matenda okhazikika.

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha kupezeka kwa matenda kumayambiriro kwake ndi 1.5 peresenti kuposa kuchuluka kwa Russia. Chaka chatha, m'madipatimenti a endocrinology, odwala oposa 21,000 odwala matenda a shuga adathandizidwa. Izi ndi 15 peresenti kuposa mu 2016.

Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero chawo kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa omwe adapezeka ndi matenda amtundu wa 2.

“Pali matenda ashuga akapezeka odwala amawalembetsa ndikuwathandizira, koma osazindikira. Zikatero, zimadutsa mobisa, anthu samadziwa za matendawa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zambiri. Izi ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti patatha zaka 40, aliyense amene ali ndi shuga wambiri, onenepa kwambiri komanso wachibale wapamtima, amayenera kupita ku chipatala cha anthu kamodzi pachaka ndi kukayezetsa magazi, "atero a endocrinologist a capital. Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo Mikhail Antsiferov.

Odwala ku Moscow polyclinics omwe ali pachiwopsezo amawunikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Pothana ndi matendawa, nzika zimathandizidwa pazigawo zitatu. Choyamba ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo choyambirira, chomwe chingapezeke kuchokera kwa akatswiri wamba ndi akatswiri wamba.

Kuthandizira kwa magawo achiwiri ndi achitatu kuli kale m'madipatimenti a endocrinology. Kuphatikiza apo, pamayeso, odwala amatha kupezeka ndi prediabetes, mkhalidwe wamalire omwe nthawi zambiri umayambira matenda ashuga.

Pozindikira munthawi yake, adokotala amathandizira kupewa matendawo.

“Kudziwitsa odwala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pochiza matenda ashuga. M'malo azachipatala aku Moscow, odwala amaphunzira kuyang'anira payokha matendawa. Akuyitanidwa kuti apite kusukulu za odwala matenda ashuga, omwe amagwira ntchito mu polyclinics yamzinda 24.

Masukulu ena atatu akupezeka ku chipatala cha endocrinology ku Prechistenka (nyumba 37). Zipinda zapadera za phazi la matenda ashuga ndizotseguka kwa odwala.

Ndi chithandizo chanthawi yake, adotolo amathandizira kuti matendawo asapitenso patsogolo, "atolankhani a Unduna wa Zaumoyo adatero.

Komanso ku Moscow, mayina a odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amasungidwa. Zimathandizira madokotala kuti adziwe zambiri za kuchuluka kwa matendawa komanso zovuta zake, kufa kwa odwala, kapangidwe ka mankhwala othandizira, zosowa za odwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso zida zodziyang'anira pawokha.

Matenda a shuga kumayambiriro koyambirira amadziwika nthawi zambiri akamayesedwa. Kuyesedwa kwa shuga m'magazi kumaperekedwa kwa odwala onse omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 40.

Mutha kupeza zolimbikitsa pazomwe mungayang'anire za 2018 muutumiki wa zidziwitso "Moscow Health Navigator".

Polowa mchaka cha kubadwa ndi jenda, amafotokozera zamomwe mayeso amayenera kuchitidwa ngati gawo loyamba la pulogalamu yoyeserera matenda azachipatala chaka chino komanso matenda omwe amalola kuti adziwe.

Kwa amuna ndi akazi a mibadwo yosiyana, malingaliro awa ndi osiyana.

Dziwani matenda a shuga: onani matendawa pa nthawi yake

Kuzindikira matenda osokoneza bongo kumakhala ndi kuyesa kwathunthu, kudutsa ziyeso zoyenera ndi kuyesedwa ndi dokotala ndi endocrinologist. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kudziwa ngati izi zili choncho, popeza odwala ambiri amapita kuchipatala ali ndi matenda othamanga.

Koma njira zamakono zofufuzira sizitha kudziwa magawo oyamba, obisika a shuga, komanso mkhalidwe womwe udadutsa matenda omwe amatchedwa prediabetes kapena kulolerana kwa zakudya zamagulu.

Njira Zopezera Matenda

Dokotala amatenga anamnesis, amazindikira zoopsa, cholowa, amamva madandaulo, amayesa wodwalayo, amamuwona kulemera kwake.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimatengedwa mukazindikira matenda ashuga:

• ludzu losatha - polydipsia,
• kupangika kwamikodzo kwamkodzo - polyuria,
• Kuchepetsa thupi ndi chidwi chambiri - monga mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga,
• kuthamanga, kulemera kwakukulu - kwenikweni kwa matenda amitundu iwiri,
• thukuta, makamaka mutatha kudya,
• kufooka wamba, kutopa,
• kuwonda kwambiri pakhungu komwe sikungakhutire ndi chilichonse,
• kusanza, kusanza,
• matenda opatsirana, monga matenda amkhungu amkhungu, kukokana pafupipafupi mkamwa kapena nyini, ndi zina zambiri.

Sizofunikira kuti munthu akhale ndi zisonyezo zonse, koma ngati 2-3 zikuwonetsedwa nthawi imodzi, ndiye kuti muyenera kupitiliza kuyeserera.

Dziwani kuti ndi matenda amtundu woyamba wa 1, zizindikiro zonse zimayamba msanga ndipo wodwalayo amatha kukumbukira tsiku lenileni lomwe matendawa wayamba, ndipo odwala ena amadwala mwadzidzidzi mwakuti amadzisamalira mosamala kwambiri. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu a shuga amakhala anthu ochepera zaka 40 mpaka 465 kapena ana.

Maphunzirowa aposachedwa amakhala ndi mtundu wina wa matenda ashuga 2, motero tikambirananso za matenda amtunduwu wa carbohydrate metabolism.

Chofunikira kwambiri pakupezeka mtundu wa matenda a shuga a 2 ndi zinthu zomwe zili pachiwopsezo, monga:

• zaka zopitilira 40-45,
• prediabetes kapena kulolera shuga.
• kunenepa kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri (BMI yoposa 25),
• kuchuluka kwa magazi a lipid,
• kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuthamanga kwa magazi pamwamba pa 140/90 mm RT. Art.
• zolimbitsa thupi
• azimayi omwe m'mbuyomu anali ndi vuto la carbohydrate metabolism pa nthawi yoyembekezera kapena atabereka mwana wolemera oposa 4.5 kg,
• polycystic ovary.

Pakupezeka kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, cholowa chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Kupezeka kwa matendawa kwa abale kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Kafukufuku akuti munthu yemwe ali ndi kholo yemwe amadwala matenda ashuga nawonso amadwala mwama 40%.

Njira zofufuzira zasayansi

Pozindikira matenda a shuga a 2, mitundu ingapo ya mayeso imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonera.

Kuyeza ndi kafukufuku wofunafuna kudziwa matendawa m'mayambiriro oyambilira, omwe amapangidwa ndi anthu ambiri omwe nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi chizindikiro chodwala.

Njira yodalirika yodziwira matenda a shuga ndikutsimikiza kwa glycosylated hemoglobin.

Glycosylated hemoglobin ndi erythrocyte hemoglobin yomwe yagwirizanitsa molekyulu ya glucose. Mlingo wa glycosylation umadalira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe mu erythrocyte amakhalabe osasinthika pa moyo wawo wamiyezi itatu. Muyezo wa hemoglobin wa glycosylated ndi 4.5-6,5% ya kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin.

Pankhani imeneyi, nthawi iliyonse, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin kotereku kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa wodwala kwamasiku 120 maphunziro asanachitike. Izi zimathandiza osati kungowulula mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga a 2, komanso kudziwa kukula kwa matenda ndikuwunika kuyenera kwa mankhwalawa.

Njira zopezera matenda ashuga zimagawika zofunikira komanso zowonjezera.

Njira zikuluzikulu ndi izi:

1. Kutsimikiza kwa shuga m'magazi, unachitika: pamimba yopanda kanthu, maola awiri mutatha kudya musanayambe kugona,
2. kuwerenga kwa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated,
3. kuyesedwa kwa glucose - mkati mwa kafukufuku, wodwalayo amamwa kuchuluka kwa glucose ndikupereka magazi kuchokera kumunwe chisanafike komanso patatha maola awiri atatha kulandira tulo. Kuyesaku kumakuthandizani kumveketsa mtundu wa vuto la carbohydrate metabolism, limakupatsani kusiyanitsa prediabetes ndi shuga weniweni,
4. kutsimikiza kukhalapo kwa shuga mkodzo - shuga amalowa mkodzo pamene ndende yake yopitilira 8-9 kutsimikiza,
5. kusanthula kwa kuchuluka kwa fructosamine - kumakuthandizani kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'masabata atatu apitawa,
6. maphunziro a kuchuluka kwa ma ketoni mkodzo kapena magazi - amawona kuyambika kwa shuga kapena zovuta zake.

Njira zina zimatchulidwira zomwe zimatsimikizira izi:

1. magazi insulin - kudziwa zamkati mwa thupi kulowa insulin,
2. autoantibodies kuma cell a pancreatic ndi insulin - amawulula autoimmune chifukwa cha matenda ashuga,
3. proinsulin - ikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito a kapamba,
4. ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin, resistin - zisonyezero zakuya kwa thupi la minofu ya adipose, kuwunika kwa zomwe zimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri,
5. C-peptide - imakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa ma insulin omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maselo,
6. Kulemba kwa HLA - kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira ma genetic pathologies.

Njirazi zimachokeranso pakakhala zovuta pakudziwitsa ena matendawa, komanso kusankha kwamankhwala. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zowonjezereka kumatsimikiziridwa ndi adokotala okha.

Malamulo a zitsanzo zamagetsi komanso kuwerengera kwa shuga

Mitundu yofulumira yosala kudya kwa magazi athunthu - 3.3-5.5 mmol / L, chifukwa cha plasma - 4.0-6.1 mmol / L.

Kuphatikiza kwa magazi pakuwunika kosavuta kumeneku kuli ndi nzeru zake. Magazi, kaya amphongo kapena am'mimba, amayenera kumwedwa kuti awunike m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Simungadye kwa maola 10, mutha kumwa madzi oyera, koma izi zisanachitike, chakudyacho chizikhala bwino.

Kafukufuku m'modzi yemwe akutsimikiziridwa kuti akuwunika ndi shuga.

Njira yofulumira komanso yosavuta imakupatsani mwayi wofufuza kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logaya. Kusanthula uku kukunena za zomwe zingachitike popanda kuuzidwa ndi dokotala.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuperekera magazi kuchokera pachala chala anthu shuga omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga a 2.

Kusanthula kwa Matenda a shuga - Regional Public Diabetes Organisation for the Disvers "Revival"

Kuyeza kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Pa Epulo 5, 2016, a Regional Public Diabetes Organisation of the Disvers Persons Persons, Vozrozhdenie, pamodzi ndi chipatala cha mzinda wa Novoshakhtinsk ndi oimira a Johnson & Johnson, amodzi mwa makampani akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi omwe amapanga mitundu yambiri yazachipatala ndi zodzola, zomwe zidawonekera kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ku dipatimenti ya PFR ndi SPZ ku Novoshakhtinsk.

Ogwira ntchito ndi alendo omwe anali ndi mwayi wodziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi awo. Pazonse, anthu opitilira 100 adapeza mwayi woyeserera mwaulere. Iwo omwe adayeza mayeso, omwe adapezeka kuti ali ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, adalimbikitsidwa kuyesedwa ndi kukambilana ndi endocrinologist.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kutanthauza kuti "kuwunika" ndikuwunika kuchokera ku Chingerezi. Cholinga chowunika ndikuwonetsetsa matendawa.Chowonadi ndi chakuti zizindikiro za matenda ashuga siziri zachindunji, ndipo nthawi ya asymptomatic ndiyotheka - apa ndi pamene matenda ashuga alipo kale, koma sanawonekerebe. Titha kunena kuti kuzindikira koyambirira kungalole:

• Dziwani kuopsa kokhala ndi matenda ashuga ngakhale matendawa sanafike
• Dziwani za matendawa munthawi ya asymptomatic.

Pazotheka shuga (shuga) wathunthu wamagazi m'matumbo opanda kanthu.

Shuga wamba 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / L

Mkulu wama glucose a 5.6 - 6.0 akuwonetsa chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda a shuga 2

Mkulu wama glucose a 6.1 kapena apamwamba ndi chifukwa chofufuzira kale kuti atsimikizire kapena kusaganizira za matenda a shuga a 2.

Kufufuza kumatha kuzindikira matenda ashuga koyambirira. Njira yowunikira nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti itsimikizire bwino matendawa. Chifukwa pali anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la shuga wolephera komanso kulolera. Magazi awo a glucose amakhala okwera nthawi zonse. Chiyeso chimodzi cha gluu nthawi zina sichitha kudziwa shuga chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Mitundu ya matenda ashuga

Kuzindikira kwa matenda ashuga kumachitika vuto lalikulu likadziwika - shuga wambiri. Kuwonjezeka kofananako kumachitika chifukwa chosagwiritsa ntchito shuga m'magazi.

Ogwiritsa ntchito a shuga - minofu, chiwindi ndi adipose minofu, sangathe kuyamwa shuga pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kutengera mitundu mitundu ya shuga yomwe imasiyanitsidwa.

Mitundu yapamwamba ya matenda ashuga

Mitundu yakale kwambiri ndiyo milandu yachipatala.

Tebulo 1. Mitundu ya matenda ashuga ndi zomwe zimayambitsa:

Mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga ndiwopadera, ndipo umafunikira chithandizo chofuna kuthana ndi vuto linalake.

Matenda a shuga

Mtundu wa Modi ndi gulu lonse la masanjidwe osiyanasiyana a shuga, nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ndi manambala, mwachitsanzo, Modi-1. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi zake zamakono.

Matenda a shuga, omwe amasiyana ndi mtundu wakale wamatenda, amapezeka kwambiri mwa achinyamata. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi kusintha kwa majini, komwe kumapangitsa kuti ntchito ya insulin yopanga insulini ithe.

Kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera ku maphunziro apakale kwambiri sikuti ndi zizindikiro zakuya kwambiri za kuchuluka kwa shuga poyerekeza ndi shuga. Chifukwa chakuti matendawa sakhala olemetsa komanso opanda chidwi, akatswiri sangazindikire matenda ashuga ndikusowa gawo loyambirira la matendawa.

Kuti muzindikire matenda a shuga a Modi, kuzindikira kwanu kukuphatikizaponso kuwunika kwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi za matendawa:

• matendawa ayamba kale, ndipo ma ketones sanatsimikizidwe pakuwunika,
• kuti vutoli lisinthe, wodwalayo amafunika Mlingo wambiri wa insulin,
• Popita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa insulin sikofunikira, monga momwe ziliri ndi maphunziro apamwamba a shuga omwe amadalira insulin,
• m'malo mwake, pakapita nthawi, kufunika kwa insulin kumatha.
• Nthawi zakukhululuka zimafika miyezi 12 kapena kupitirira,
• kuyesa kwa C-peptides ndikwabwino,
• autoimmune zimachitika pancreatic minofu kulibe, ma antibodies samapezeka,
• munthu alibe zizindikiro za metabolic syndrome, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa thupi.

Chofunika kwambiri ndikupeza matenda a shuga a Mody mwa anthu osaposa zaka 25, ndi kuzindikiridwa kwa mzere wamagulu a shuga. Zikakhala zotere, kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga a 2 kungakhale kukayikira, kufotokozera kumafunikira ngati subspecies ya Modi ndi omwe amayambitsa vutoli.

Matenda a shuga okomoka amachoka kwathunthu ngati abala moyenera

Matenda a shuga a Lada

Mtundu wa Lada titha kufananizidwa ndi mtundu 1 wa matenda a shuga, kokha kukula kwa matendawa kumayamba pang'onopang'ono. Pakadali pano, liwu Lada nthawi zambiri limasinthidwa ndi lingaliro lina - autoimmuneabetes mellitus, nthawi zina amatchedwanso mtundu wa 1.5 shuga mellitus.

Kapangidwe ka chitukuko cha matendawa kumatsata mfundo ya autoimmune - chitetezo chathupi pang'onopang'ono koma mopanda chisoni chimawononga ma cell a pancreatic. Pang'onopang'ono, munthu sangathenso kuchita popanda kulandira insulin. Kudalira kotheratu kumapangidwa pambuyo pa zaka 1-3 kuchokera pakuwonekera kwa matendawa, pofika nthawi imeneyi, pafupifupi maselo onse opanga insulin adawonongedwa kale.

Chofunikira: nthawi zambiri kusowa kwa insulini kumaphatikizidwa ndi kusakhazikika kwake ndi minofu ya thupi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti wodwalayo sayenera kungotenga insulin yokha, komanso mankhwala omwe amachititsa chidwi cha maselo kwa icho.

Pofuna kuti shuga wodwala azindikire mosazindikira, njira zodziwira matendawa siziphatikizapo kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi a wodwalayo, komanso zisonyezo zotsatirazi:

• glycated hemoglobin test,
• kusaka ndi kusanthula kwa ma antibodies kuti ma cell ang'onoang'ono a kapamba,
• Kafukufuku wa ma genetic,
• ma antibodies a mankhwala okhala ndi insulin.

Uwu ndi mndandanda wosakwanira wa mayeso enaake omwe diagnostics amaphatikizaponso. Matenda a shuga a Lada ndi mkhalidwe womwe umafuna kuyamba koyambirira kwa chithandizo chamankhwala ndikuyikidwa kwa akatswiri othandiza.

Matenda a shuga

Matendawa ali ndi dzina lodziwika ndi matenda a shuga, koma amasiyana mu njira yake ndi zomwe zimayambitsa.

Shuga insipidus imapangidwa ngati antidiuretic mahomoni (ADH) ndiwosakwanira kapena ngati zimakhala za impso sizisamala kwambiri ndi mahomoni awa; kuchuluka kwa shuga pamatendawo sikupatuka pazikhalidwe wamba.

Matendawa ali ndi zotsatirazi zamaphunzirowa:

• munthu amatulutsa mkodzo wambiri zedi, nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe amachitira,
• ludzu losalekeza
• kuchepa mphamvu kwa thupi kumayamba,
• ndi njira yayitali, munthu amachepetsa thupi, kulakalaka kumachepa.

Chofunika: matenda a shuga a insipidus ndi matenda osowa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa zimatha kuchitika kawiri konse mu ubongo.

Popanga matenda amtunduwu, akatswiri amadziwa zinthu izi:

• okhazikika okwanira diuresis, kuchuluka kwake kumaposa malita 4-10, nthawi zina kuposa malita 20,
• mkodzo umakhala ndi mchere wochepa,
• kuyezetsa magazi sikuchotsa shuga pamakhalidwe abwino,
• kuperewera kwa mankhwala a antidiuretic kwapezeka,
• ultrasound imawunika masinthidwe amtundu wa minofu ndi mawonekedwe a impso,
• Kuzindikira kwa MRI kumachitidwa kuti athetse njira zotupa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

Zizindikiro za matenda ndi madandaulo a odwala

Madandaulo ophatikizana ndi boma la shuga wambiri amasiyana siyana, akukhudza kofunikira kwambiri mthupi. Zitha kugawidwa kukhala madandaulo omveka bwino, choyambirira, chogwirizana ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga komanso sekondale, zomwe ndi chizindikiro cha njira yopangidwa kale yopanga matenda.

Madandaulo apakamwa amathandizira kuyambitsa matenda omwe amadziwika kuti ndi anamwino.

Mu shuga mellitus, matenda awa amapangidwa pamaziko a kukambirana ndi wodwalayo, kuwunika kwake ndikusintha kwa zinthu zotsatirazi:

• kugunda kwa mtima
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kupuma kwamankhwala
• mawonekedwe a pakhungu - kupezeka kwa chotupa papepo, chotupa cha zotupa, mabala otseguka,
• pakuwunika koyambirira, mutha kugwira ngati fungo la acetone limachokera kwa wodwala, izi zikuwonetsa kuti matendawa atuluka kale kuchokera pachigawo choyambirira, ma ketoni sanakudzuke,
• pakuyesa koyambirira, mutha kuyesa kulemera kwa wodwalayo, kuyeza kuyeza, kuchita zinthu zina ndi kuwerengera mndandanda wamasamba a thupi, womwe ndi wofunikira pachigawo musanazindikire,
• Kufufuza koyambirira kumakupatsani mwayi wofufuza ngati pali vuto lalikulu ndi kuwonjezereka kapena kutsika kwamisempha, zizindikiro za zinthu zotere - kunjenjemera, thukuta, chisokonezo, malingaliro osagwirizana ndi njala kapena ludzu, kutaya chikumbumtima.

Gawo No. 3. Zodandaula zazikulu komanso zachiwiri za odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga:

Kuzindikira kwamakono kwa matenda ashuga sikungokhala kokha pakuphatikiza madandaulo a wodwala; kuti adziwe zolondola, njira zolondola kwambiri ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chofunikira: kuzindikira ngakhale chizindikiro chimodzi chokha cha kukhalapo kwa matendawa mukamakambirana ndi wodwalayo, ndiye chifukwa chofotokozera wodwalayo kuti amupime.

Kuyesa Matenda a shuga

Komiti ya Katswiri ya WHO ilimbikitsa kuyesedwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga awa:

• odwala onse azaka zopitilira 45 (okhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa zoyipa, abwereza zaka zitatu zilizonse),
• odwala a zaka zocheperapo pamaso pa: kunenepa kwambiri, cholowa cha matenda a shuga, mtundu / mtundu wa anthu oopsa, mbiri ya matenda osokoneza bongo, kubereka ana opitirira 4.5 kg, matenda oopsa, hyperlipidemia, omwe kale adazindikira NTG kapena glycemia wamkulu.

Kuwunika matenda a shuga komanso olemekezeka kwambiri, WHO imalimbikitsa kutsimikiza kwa magulu onse a glucose ndi mfundo za hemoglobin A1c.

Glycosylated hemoglobin ndi hemoglobin momwe molekyu ya glucose imalumikizana ndi β-terminal valine ya β-cell ya hemoglobin. Glycosylated hemoglobin imakhala yolumikizana mwachindunji ndi shuga wamagazi ndipo ndi chisonyezo chophatikizidwa cha kubwezeretsa kwa kagayidwe kazakudya m'masiku 60-90 apitawa mayeso asanachitike mayeso. Kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe a HbA1c kumadalira kukula kwa hyperglycemia, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwake m'magazi kumachitika masabata 4-6 atafika ku euglycemia. Motere, zomwe zili mu HbA1c zimatsimikiziridwa ngati pakufunika kuwongolera kagayidwe kazakudya ndikutsimikizira kubwezeredwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kwa nthawi yayitali. Malinga ndi lingaliro la WHO (2002), kutsimikiza kwa glycosylated hemoglobin m'magazi a odwala matenda a shuga kuyenera kuchitika kamodzi kotala. Chizindikirochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofufuza kuchuluka kwa amayi ndi amayi apakati, pochitika kuti athe kupeza zovuta zama metabolism, komanso kuwunika odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga.

BioChemMack imapereka zida ndi ma reagents pakuwunikidwa kwa glycated HbA1c hemoglobin kuchokera ku Drew Science Scient (England) ndi Axis-Shield (Norway) - atsogoleri adziko lapansi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamankhwala pounikira matenda ashuga (onani kumapeto kwa gawoli). Zogulitsa zamakampani awa ndizomwe zimayesedwa padziko lonse lapansi ngati muyezo wa NGSP HbA1c.

Zolemba za matenda a shuga 1

• Ma genetic - HLA DR3, DR4 ndi DQ.
• Immunological - antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), insulin (IAA) ndi antibodies to Langerhans islet cell (ICA).
• Metabolic - glycohemoglobin A1, kutayika kwa gawo loyambirira la insulin pambuyo poyeserera mkati mwa shuga.

Kulemba kwa HLA

Malingana ndi malingaliro amakono, matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba, ngakhale atakhala kuti ali ndi vuto lalikulu, amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali. Ndi chizolowezi kusiyanitsa magawo asanu ndi limodzi pakukula kwa matendawa. Yoyamba mwa izi, gawo la genetic predisposition, limadziwika ndi kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa majini omwe amagwirizana ndi matenda a shuga 1. Chofunika kwambiri ndikupezeka kwa ma antigen a HLA, makamaka kalasi II - DR 3, DR 4 ndi DQ. Potere, chiopsezo chotenga matendawa chikuwonjezeka. Mpaka pano, kutsimikiza kwakatundu pakukula kwa matenda amtundu wa 1 kumawerengedwa ngati kuphatikiza mitundu ingapo ya majini abwinobwino.

Ma genetic odziwitsa opindulitsa kwambiri a mtundu 1 a shuga ndi ma antigen a HLA. Kafukufuku wama genetic markers omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa odwala omwe ali ndi LADA amawoneka kuti ndi abwino komanso ofunikira kuti azindikire kusiyana pakati pa mitundu ya matenda ashuga ndi chitukuko cha matenda atatha zaka 30. "Classic" haplotypes odziwika a mtundu 1 shuga amapezeka 37.5% odwala. Nthawi yomweyo, mu 6% ya odwala, ma heptypes omwe amawoneka ngati amateteza amapezeka. Mwina izi zitha kufotokozera pang'onopang'ono kupita patsogolo komanso njira zopewera kwambiri za matenda ashuga m'mikhalidwe iyi.

Ma Antibodies a ku Langerhans Islet Cell (ICA)

Kukhazikika kwa ma autoantibodies a lets-maselo a masumbu a Langerhans kumabweretsa chiwonongeko chomaliza chogwiritsa ntchito ma anti-amadalira cytotoxicity, omwe, amakumana ndi kuphwanya kapangidwe ka insulin komanso kukula kwa zizindikiro zamatenda a matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga. Njira zopangira ma cellimmune zowononga maselo zimatha kukhala cholowa komanso / kapena kuyambitsa zinthu zingapo zakunja, monga matenda amtundu wa virus, kudziwitsidwa ndi zinthu zoopsa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhawa. Matenda a shuga 1 amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa gawo la asymptomatic la prediabetes, lomwe limatha kukhala zaka zingapo. Kuphwanya kapangidwe ka insulin ndi katulutsidwe ka insulin nthawi imeneyi kumatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a shuga. Nthawi zambiri, mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuptomatic mtundu wa I, ma autoantibodies omwe amapezeka m'maselo a isanger a Langerhans ndi / kapena ma antibodies a insulin amapezeka. Milandu yakuzindikira kwa ICA kwa zaka 8 kapena kupitilira apo kusanachitike kwa zizindikiro za matenda amtundu wa 1 akufotokozedwa. Chifukwa chake, kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa ICA kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira koyambirira ndikuzindikira tsogolo la mtundu wa matenda ashuga. Odwala ndi ICA, kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ntchito ya β-cell kumawonedwa, komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi kuphwanya gawo loyambirira la insulin. Ndikuphwanya kwathunthu gawo ili la secretion, zizindikiro zamatenda a mtundu 1 za shuga zimawonekera.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ICA imatsimikiza mu 70% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 - poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe alibe shuga, komwe ICA imapezeka mu 0.1-0.5% ya milandu. ICA imatsimikizidwanso mwa abale apafupi a odwala matenda a shuga. Anthuwa amakhala gulu lowopsa la matenda ashuga 1. Kafukufuku wambiri awonetsa kuti achibale apamtima odwala ICA omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amayamba kudwala matenda a shuga 1. Kukula kwakukulu kwa kutsimikiza kwa ICA kumatsimikizidwanso chifukwa chakuti odwala omwe ali ndi ICA, ngakhale pakalibe zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, pamapeto pake, mtundu 1 wa shuga umayambanso. Chifukwa chake, kutsimikiza kwa ICA kumathandizira kuzindikira koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba. Zawonetsedwa kuti kudziwa kuchuluka kwa ICA kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga 2 kungathandize kuzindikira matenda ashuga ngakhale mawonekedwe a chipatala chisanachitike komanso kudziwa kufunika kwa mankhwala a insulin.Chifukwa chake, mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 pamaso pa ICA, kukula kwa kudalira kwa insulin ndikotheka kwambiri.

Ma insulin antibodies

Ma antibodies ku insulin amapezeka mu 35- 40% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Kuphatikizana kwakhala kukuwoneka pakati pa kuwoneka kwa ma antibodies kupita ku insulin ndi ma antibodies kuma cell ang'onoang'ono. Ma antibodies ku insulin amatha kuwonedwa mu gawo la prediabetes komanso zizindikiro za matenda a shuga 1. Ma anti-insulin antibodies nthawi zina amapezekanso mwa odwala atalandira chithandizo cha insulin.

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)

Kafukufuku waposachedwa adawulula antigen wamkulu, yemwe ndi chandamale chachikulu pama autoantibodies omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase. Enzulopu yamtunduwu yomwe imagwira biosynthesis ya inhibitory neurotransmitter ya chapakati mantha dongosolo la anyani - gamma-aminobutyric acid, idapezeka koyamba kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la mitsempha yotupa. Ma antibodies ku GAD ndi chidziwitso chothandiza kwambiri podziwitsa matenda ashuga, komanso kudziwitsa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda amtundu woyamba. Munthawi ya chitukuko cha asymptomatic cha matenda ashuga, ma antibodies opita ku GAD amatha kuonekera wodwala zaka 7 pamaso pa matenda ake.

Malinga ndi olemba akunja, pafupipafupi kudziwika kwa autoantibodies kwa odwala omwe ali ndi "classical" mtundu wa 1 matenda a shuga ndi: ICA - 60-90%, IAA - 16-69%, GAD - 22-81%. Zaka zaposachedwa, mabuku adasindikizidwa omwe olemba adawonetsa kuti mwa odwala omwe ali ndi LADA, autoantibodies to GAD ndiwothandiza kwambiri. Komabe, malinga ndi Russian Energy Center, ndi 53% yokha ya odwala omwe ali ndi LADA omwe anali ndi antibodies kupita ku GAD, poyerekeza ndi 70% ya ICA. Chimodzi sichitsutsana ndi chinacho ndipo chitha kukhala chitsimikizo cha kufunika kozindikiritsa zolemba zitatuzonsezi kuti tikwaniritse zambiri zazidziwitso. Kutsimikiza kwa zolemba izi kumapangitsa kuti mu 97% ya milandu musiyanitse mtundu wa 1 wa matenda ashuga kuchokera ku mtundu 2, pomwe chipatala cha matenda amtundu wa 1 chikaphimbidwa ngati mtundu wachiwiri.

Ukadaulo wamankhwala a chidziwitso cha shuga 1

Chodziwikiratu komanso chodalirika ndicho kufufuzanso munthawi yomweyo kwa chikhomo cha 2-3 m'magazi (palibe onse omwe ali ndi chikhomo - 0%, chikhomo chimodzi - 20%, zikwangwani ziwiri - 44%, zolembera zitatu - 95%).

Kutsimikiza kwa ma antibodies a cellular a β-cell a islets of Langerhans, motsutsana ndi decarboxylase ya glutamic acid ndi insulin m'magazi othandizira ndikofunikira kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akuyembekezeka kukula kwa matendawa ndi abale omwe ali ndi vuto la mtundu. Kafukufuku waposachedwa wapadziko lonse adatsimikizira kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mayesowa kuti adziwe njira ya autoimmune yomwe imayendetsedwa motsutsana ndi ma islet.

Kuzindikira ndikuwunika matenda ashuga

Mayeso otsatirawa a labotale amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi matenda a shuga (malinga ndi malingaliro a WHO kuchokera mu 2002).

• Kuyeserera kwa labotale: glucose (magazi, mkodzo), ma ketones, mayeso ololera a glucose, HbA1c, fructosamine, microalbumin, creatinine mu mkodzo, mbiri ya lipid.
• Zolemba zowonjezera zasayansi kuti zikuwongolere kukula kwa matenda ashuga: kutsimikiza kwa ma antibodies ku insulin, kutsimikiza kwa C-peptide, kutsimikiza kwa ma antibodies mpaka ma isange of Langengars, kutsimikiza kwa ma antibodies a tyrosine phosphatase (IA2), kutsimikiza kwa ma antibodies a decarboxylase of glutamic acid, kutsimikiza kwa leptin, ghrelin, adinipin, .

Kwa nthawi yayitali, onse azindikira matenda a shuga komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa chiphuphu chake, adalimbikitsidwa kudziwa zomwe zili m'magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso asanadye. Kafukufuku waposachedwa adawonetsa kuti mgwirizano wowonekera bwino pakati pa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kupezeka kwa zovuta zamatenda a shuga ndi kuchuluka kwa momwe akupita patsogolo sikupezeka ndi kusala kwa glycemia, koma ndi kuchuluka kwake pakuwonjezeka pakatha nthawi atatha kudya - postprandial hyperglycemia.

Tikuyenera kunena kuti njira zothandizira kulipirira matenda ashuga zasintha kwambiri mzaka zapitazi, zomwe zitha kuthandizidwa chifukwa cha zomwe zaperekedwa tebulo.

Chifukwa chake, njira zodziwira matenda ashuga komanso chiphuphu chake, malinga ndi malingaliro aposachedwa a WHO (2002), "ziyenera kukhala zolimba." Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kafukufuku waposachedwa (DCCT, 1993, UKPDS, 1998), zomwe zidawonetsa kuti pafupipafupi, nthawi yokhazikika yopanga zovuta za matenda ashuga komanso kuchuluka kwawo kwa mayendedwe ali ndi kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa chindapusa cha matenda ashuga.

Insulin ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi β-cell of pancreatic islets of Langerhans ndipo amagwira nawo ntchito yoletsa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe komanso kukhalabe ndi shuga m'magazi. Insulin poyambirira imapangidwa kuti ikhale prrohormone yolemera 12 kDa, ndiye imakonzedwa mkati mwa selo kuti ipange prohormone yolemetsa mozungulira 9 kDa ndi kutalika kwa zotsalira 86 amino acid. Prohormone iyi imayikidwa m'miyala. Mkati mwa zophukira izi, zomangira zosagwirizana pakati pa ma insulin unyolo A ndi B ndi C-peptide yopuma, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala molekyulu wa insulin wolemera 6 kDa ndi kutalika kwa zotsalira za 51 amino acid. Pa kukondoweza, kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi C-peptide ndi kuchuluka kwa ma proinsulin, komanso ena apakatikati, amamasulidwa mu maselo (

E. E. Petryaykina,oyimira masayansi azachipatala
N. S. Rytikova,woimira sayansi yachilengedwe
Chipatala cha Morozov Children's City Clinic, Moscow

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi

Njira zasayansi zozindikiritsa matenda ashuga zimayamba ndi kuphunzira kwa magazi a anthu a shuga. Magazi a capillary amatengedwa kuti awunikidwe, wasanthula ndi gluceter wokhala ndi mizere yoyeserera kapena magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha amawunikira, ndiye kuti kusanthula kumachitika ndi zida za labotale motsogozedwa ndi diso la othandizira ma labotale.

Kukonzekera kwa kusanthula

Ndikofunikira kuti mayeso azizindikira matenda a shuga adutsedwe malinga ndi malamulowo, chifukwa, munthu ayenera kukonzekera ndikwaniritsa zotsatirazi maora 24 asanafike pakupereka magazi:

1. Ndizoyenera kudziteteza ku zochitika zathupi ndi m'maganizo.
2. Ngati munthu watopa kuntchito kapena ali ndi mantha, ndibwino kuchedwetsa phunzirolo mpaka kuzolowera momwe akumvera.
3. M'pofunikanso kuchita ngati pali zizindikiro za kuyamba kwa chimfine kapena matenda ena.
4. Munthu ayenera kupewa kudya kwambiri, chakudya sayenera kuchuluka. Ndikofunikira kukana zinthu zovulaza, komanso zinthu zotsiriza, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zonunkhira, shuga, mchere ndi mafuta.
5. Chakudya chomaliza chimayenera kuchitika maola 12 musanapite ku labotale.
6. M'mawa kwambiri musanamwe, musamadye kapena kumwa tiyi kapena khofi.
7. Tsiku loti lisagone komanso m'mawa, ndizovomerezeka kumwa madzi oyera, abwino.

Chofunikira: tsiku lomaliza la phunzirolo, munthu ayenera kuyang'anira mosamala kuti chakudyacho chilibe shuga.

Kusanthula Kwazotsatira

Njira zodziwitsira za matenda ashuga zimaphatikizapo kusala kudya kwa WHO ndikatha kudya magazi, komanso kuyezetsa nkhawa. Padziko lonse lapansi, ndimayeso awa omwe amathandizira kuzindikira mavuto ndi malamulo a shuga ndikukhazikitsa matenda.

Pakadali pano, kuyesedwa kwa magazi pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolembera kumachitidwa masana. Munthu amatha kudziwa zotsatira zake pofika madzulo lero kapena m'mawa wotsatira.

Chofunika: ndipo komabe njira yolondola kwambiri yodziwira momwe magazi alili ndi kuphunzira kwa labotale kutsatira malamulo onse pokonzekera kuwunika.

Akatswiri ena amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito ma glucometer, pomwe mutha kuwonetsa kuwunika. Kusanthula kumachitika ndi dokotala iyemwini. Dotolo amatenga dontho la magazi kuchokera kwa wodwalayo pogwiritsa ntchito singano yotayika ndikuyipima pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer, kugwiritsa ntchito magazi mwa kuyeza kamodzi. Ndi njirayi, zotsatira zake zidzadziwika masekondi angapo.

Ndi ziwonetsero zamakono pakufalikira kwa matendawa, ndikofunika kwa munthu aliyense kudziwa mtundu wazikhalidwe zomwe zimapezeka komanso zomwe shuga imapezeka.

Gawo 4. Ndi mfundo ziti zomwe zingapezeke pambuyo pofufuza, ndipo zikutanthauza chiyani:

Chitani Zoyeserera za Glucose

Kuphatikiza pa kuyezetsa m'mimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya, njira zodziwira matenda ashuga zimaphatikizanso kuyesa pambuyo pomwa madzi otsekemera. Kuyesaku kumatchedwa kuyesa kwa kupsinjika kapena kuyesa kwa glucose.

Phunziroli limachitika malinga ndi gawo lotsatira:

• Wodwala amapatsidwa magazi a venous pamimba yopanda kanthu,
• Kenako amakupatsani kapu yamadzi ndi shuga, amakonzedwa mosiyanasiyana - 300 ml ya madzi akumwa pa magalamu 100 a shuga,
• ndiye kwa maola awiri, magazi amachotsedwa kuchokera pachala, izi zimachitika mphindi 30 zilizonse.

Zotsatira zakufufuza koteroko zimapereka chidziwitso chokhudza momwe thupi la munthu limapangidwira. Kusanthula kwa deta kumachitika pang'onopang'ono pazotsatira zomwe zili ndi katundu komanso popanda katundu.

Gawo No. 5. Kupenda zotsatira za magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kumwa madzi otsekemera:

Glycated hemoglobin mayeso

Molondola, kuwunika kokhazikika kumakhala kotsika poyesa glycated hemoglobin. Kuzindikira matenda a shuga mwanjira imeneyi kumatenga nthawi yambiri - zotsatira zake zimakhala zokonzekera m'miyezi itatu.

Ngati mukupanga matenda pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira, ndikofunikira kutenga miyeso ingapo pa masiku osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kuyesa komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndiye kuti kudziwa za matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga kumathandizidwa ndikuwunika zomwe zili mu hemoglobin palokha pambuyo poyesa kamodzi, pambuyo pofunikira.

Urinalysis

Mkodzo wokhala ndi shuga umakhalanso ndi shuga wambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mkodzo umaphatikizidwanso kuwunikiridwa.

Pali njira zingapo zoyeserera shuga mu mkodzo:

Kuzindikira mkodzo ndi matenda a shuga kumakupatsaninso mwayi kuti mupeze acetone mkodzo. Ndi nthawi yayitali ya matenda ashuga, kupezeka kwa acetone kumatanthauza zovuta zambiri.

Mayeso a peptide

Matenda a shuga amatha kukhala amitundu iwiri, motsatizana amitundu yoyamba ndi yachiwiri, komanso ma subtypes angapo. Matenda onsewa akuwonetsa chithunzi cha kuchuluka kwa glucose wamagazi. Koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa matenda, chifukwa chake mankhwalawa amasiyanasiyana.

Ndikofunikira kuti muzitha kusiyanitsa mayiko awiri, chifukwa njira iyi yowunikira C-peptides imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njirayi sikukuthandizani kuti muzindikire mtundu wa matenda ashuga omwe munthu ali nawo, komanso pamlingo wowopsa wamatendawa, ndikuthandizanso kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa insulini.

Matenda a shuga mu akhanda

Mu makanda obadwa kumene, matendawa amakula nthawi zina. Njira yayikulu yodziwira ndi kuwunika ndi kujambula kusintha komwe kumachitika ndi mwana.

Mwa mwana wakhanda yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, mavuto otsatirawa angadziwike:

• kupezeka kwa chotupa
• kupindika pakapita nthawi kumasinthidwa kukhala malo owala pakhungu.
• zovuta za chopondapo
• mkodzo wa mwana umakhala womata.

Matenda a shuga kwa Ana Okalamba

Matendawa amapangidwa mwa ana pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

• kutengeka kwakukulu kwa mwana - kusintha kwa masinthidwe, manyazi,
• kupanikizika - ndandanda yowerenga yayikulu, mavuto mu timu ndi anzawo, kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro m'banja la makolo,
• Kusintha kwa mahomoni - nyengo ya kusintha kwa mahormoni ndi kuphulika kwa mahomoni.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga mwa ana sikuyenera kukhala ndi kusiyana kofunikira pofotokozera mkhalidwe wa munthu wamkulu. Chinthu choyamba chomwe dokotala amakupatsirani kuyezetsa magazi. Magazi a shuga m'magazi amasiyana ndi zomwe anthu achikulire amachita.

Tebulo nambala 6. Magazi a shuga aubwinobwino mwa ana akamakula:

Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikiro, zofanana ndi zikhalidwe za m'badwo uliwonse, mwana amapatsidwa mayeso okhudzana ndi shuga, mayeso osiyanasiyana a shuga ndi katundu. Asanayeze, munthu woyesererayo amapatsidwa kapu yamadzi okoma kuti amwe, ndipo pambuyo maola awiri, zotsatira zake zimalembedwa.

Gawo 7. Kumasulira kwa mfundo zoyeserera ndi katundu mwa ana:

Ngati zizindikiro za mayesowa zikuwonetsa kuti pali vuto potsatira shuga mthupi, ndiye kuti kuyesa kwa C-peptides kwakhazikitsidwa. Idzaperekanso mwayi wokhazikitsa choyambitsa zotsatira zoyesa.

Chofunikira: maziko azomwe mwana amafufuza kuti ali ndi vuto la kubereka ndi chisamaliro cha makolo kwa thanzi ndi chikhalidwe cha mwana.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mwa ana matendawa amayamba ali ndi zaka zambiri pomwe kusintha kwakukulu kumachitika mthupi laling'ono - mahomoni, kakhalidwe, kusintha kwamunthu. Munthawi yovutayi, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta kuti makolo azindikire zomwe zimayambitsa mkhalidwe wa mwana wawo, njira zina zakuthupi, kapena mawonekedwe a vuto lalikulu. Njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli kwa makolo ndi kulumikizana ndi katswiri ndikudutsa mayeso oyamba.

Matenda a shuga popanda chithandizo - kuvulaza ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe a thupi

Mwa ana ndi akulu omwe, kuzindikira koyambirira matendawa kumapangitsa kuti athe kuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Kuyamba kumwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga, kuwonjezera zochita zolimbitsa thupi, kusintha zokonda chakudya - izi ndi zomwe zingabwezeretse kukula kwa matenda oopsa ngati atapezeka koyambirira - prediabetes.

Kuzindikira ndi kuchiritsa komwe kumachitika komanso kukonzekera panthawi yake sikungathandize kuchepetsa moyo ngati mukumana ndi mavuto a shuga, kungakuthandizeni kutalikitsa moyo. Ngati matendawa sanapezeke, ndipo munthuyo sakayikira kupezeka kwake, ndiye kuti matendawo akukwaniritsidwa ndipo atha kudzetsa mavuto osagwirizana ndi moyo, ndiye kuti wodwalayo atazindikira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga adzakhazikitsidwa.