Ntchito za kapamba mu thupi la munthu

Udindo wa kapamba m'miyoyo ya anthu wakhala chidwi kwa asayansi kuyambira kale. Dokotala wachiroma Galen adakhulupirira kuti amathandizira mitsempha yamagazi, ofufuza a Renaissance adautcha kuti mtundu wamtundu womwe umateteza m'mimba osakhwima pamimba yolimba. Munali m'zaka za zana la 20 zokha pomwe akatswiri a sayansi ya zinthu zachilengedwe anatha kumvetsetsa bwino ntchito yonse ya chamoyo chodabwitsachi.

Ntchito ya pancreatic

Nthengwa ndi chida chogwira ntchito. Mwapadera, zimatanthawuza dongosolo la kugaya chakudya, ngakhale gastroenterologist, ndipo osati endocrinologist, limachita ndi matenda ake. Koma ntchito yayikulu ya kapamba ndi ntchito ziwiri zapadera. Exocrine (imabisa madzi a pancreatic okhala ndi ma enzymes mu duodenum 12) ndi endocrine (imatulutsa mahomoni m'magazi).

Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za kapamba ndiz:

amapereka chakudya,
imayang'anira njira zonse za metabolic m'thupi,
amawongolera shuga.

Ntchito ya procrine

Madzi am'mimba amayamba kuwoneka pokhapokha patatha mphindi 2-3 munthu atangotumiza chakudya pakamwa pake. Koma njirayi imatenga maola ena 10 mpaka 14 - okwanira kuphwanya mapuloteni onse, mafuta, chakudya, komanso zinthu zofunikira (mavitamini, ma microelements, ndi zina). Amazilowetsa m'magazi ndi mwanabele.

Pancreas imapanga ma enzymes amitundu mitundu ya zakudya - mapuloteni, chakudya, zakudya zamafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, gland yanzeru imazindikira nthawi yomweyo zomwe zimadya m'mawa ndi chakudya cham'mawa kwambiri, ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa ma enzyme mu madziwo. Pulogalamu yodziwika yazakudya zopatukana zimalumikizidwa ndi izi - mukapanda kusakaniza zinthu zonse mulu umodzi, ndikudya zakudya za mapuloteni payokha, ndizosavuta kuti chida chizigwira ntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chimbudzi chimathamanga, ndipo metabolism imathandizira. Munthu amakhala wochepa thupi, ndipo chimbudzi chimagwira ntchito mokwanira.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ma enzyme omwe amapezeka mumadzi a pancreatic amawachotsa osagwira ntchito, okhawo omwe amapanga enzodinum omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito. Trypsinogen ndiye woyamba kutembenukira ku trypsin, ndipo kale chinthuchi chimayambitsa njira za mankhwala ena onse.

Ntchito ya endocrine

Ngati vuto lonyansa likupezeka (kupsinjika, zolimbitsa thupi, ndi zina), mahomoni azikondamoyo amathandizira kupaka minofu ndi minyewa ina ndi kuchuluka kofunikira kwa minofu ya carbohydrate yothandizira moyo.

Ntchito ina ya endocrine ndikuwongolera kwa metabolidi ya lipid. Zikondazo zimayambitsa ntchito ya chiwindi pokonza mafuta acids ndikuziteteza kuti zisawonongeke ndi mafuta.

Pancreatic Dysfunction

Ndikosavuta kupangitsa kulephera pantchito yonyansa ya gland. Ngakhale enzyme imodzi kapena mahomoni atapangidwa mosakwanira, zimayambitsa kale zosasangalatsa.

Zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zikondamoyo sizichita bwino ndi ntchito zake:

kupweteka kwa hypochondrium yachilendo (kutengera kutengera kwanyumba, mutha kudziwa zomwe zikuwoneka kuti ndi zotupa - mutu, thupi kapena mchira wa kapamba),
ululu umatha kuperekera kumbuyo, kawirikawiri pachifuwa kapena mumtima,
kusanza, kusanza ndi kusowa kudya,
chosakhazikika (kudzimbidwa kusinthana ndi kutsegula m'mimba)
Zizindikiro zakusowa kwamadzi (ludzu, nembanemba yam'mimba imataya chinyezi, khungu limakhala louma, ndi zina zambiri).
Khungu limakhala lofiirira wamtambo kapena wachikasu (chifukwa chakuti dzungu limatupa ndi kufinya ma ducts a bile),
nthawi zina - malungo.

Chizindikiro chilichonse (makamaka kuphatikiza kwawo) chimatha kulankhula za pathologies osiyanasiyana a kapamba. Matenda ofala kwambiri a kapamba ndi awa:

kapamba - kutupa kwa ndulu (pachimake komanso kwachangu),
zotupa (zoyipa ndi zoyipa),
fistulas ndi cysts,
lembani 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2
khunyu necrosis (kufa kwa tiziwalo timene timatulutsa pakhungu).

Chitsimikizo chachikulu cha ntchito yokhazikika ya zikondamoyo zosakhwima ndi chakudya choyenera. Asayansi ngakhale adalemba antitope wapadera-5 - mndandanda wa adani oyipitsitsa a gland.

Mowa Zimaputa kupindika kwa kapamba, madziwo sangathe kupita kunja ndi kuwonongeratu chiwalo mkati.
Maswiti. Ngati mumadya maswiti nthawi zambiri, zikondamoyo zimangogwira ntchito pa kaphatikizidwe ka insulin pokonza shuga. Ndipo imatha kusiyiratu kugwira bwino ntchito zake.
Msuzi wokoma. Zakumwa zoterezi zimayambitsa kawiri - zimakwiyitsa mucous membrane, ndipo shuga limodzi ndi zina zowonjezera zamankhwala zimapangitsa chitsulo kuti chovala.
Chakudya chofulumira ndi zakudya zina zamafuta. Ndikosavuta kuti thupi lizitha kuyamwa zakudya zamafuta, ndikugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, kapamba amakakamizidwa kuti apange michere yambiri. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa ziwalo.
Maantibayotiki. Zikondamoyo zimapatsidwa poizoni ndipo ntchito yake imachepetsedwa.

Pancreatic Enzymes ndi Mahomoni

Poyankha funso la zomwe kapamba amatulutsa, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa magulu awiri akuluakulu azinthu - michere yam'mimba ndi mahomoni.

Chofunika kwambiri pa michere:

amylase
chifukwa
lipase
trypsinogen
chymotrypsinogen,
prophospholipase.

Mahomoni a kapamba amapangidwa muzisumbu za Langerhans, zomwe zimamwazikana kuzungulira gland, ngakhale zambiri zimakhazikika mchira. Zikondazo zimatulutsa mahomoni otsatira:

insulini (yopangidwa ndi β-cell of islets of Langerhans),
glucagon (wopangidwa ndi ma α-cell),
somatostatin,
lipocaine
C-peptide (chidutswa cha molekyulu ya proinsulin).

Ntchito za michere ndi mahomoni a kapamba

Enzyme iliyonse ndi mahomoni omwe kapamba amapanga amagwira ntchito momveka bwino m'thupi.

Enzyme ya alipase ndi imodzi mwazinthu zamphamvu kwambiri za kapamba - imagwira kale pakanthawi koti ituluke pancreatic duct. Alipase ali ndi udindo wothyola unyolo wama carbohydrate ku mamolekyulu amodzi a shuga. Lipase imaphwanya mafuta kumafuta acid ndi glycerol. Profospholipases amachita phospholipids - mafuta ovuta.

Nuc tafadhali amagwira ntchito ndi ma mamolekyulu azakudya a DNA ndi RNA, kuwagawa m'magulu a ma nitrogen acid, omwe thupi limatha kuyamwa. Trypsinogen imayamba kugwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati imayang'aniridwa ndi enzyme ya trypsin ndipo ikuphatikizidwa ndikuwonongeka kwa mamolekyulu a protein.

Glucagon ndi wotsutsana ndi insulin, mahomoni nthawi zonse amakhala awiriawiri. Zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, zimathandizira kuthamanga kwamafuta, zimathandizira kuchotsa sodium m'thupi ndipo zimathandizira kubwezeretsa maselo a chiwindi.

Somatostatin ndi mahomoni okula omwe amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa mahomoni akuluakulu a kapamba. Ngati ndi kotheka, somatostatin ikhoza kuletsa kukula kwa insulin ndi glucagon. Lipocaine imathandizira kutha kwa mafuta ndikulepheretsa kunenepa kwambiri kwa chiwindi.

C-peptide sikuti ndi mahachi athunthu, koma mankhwalawa sachidziwikire m'malo azachipatala. Mlingo wa C-peptide nthawi zonse umangokhala wofanana ndi mulingo wa insulin, chifukwa chake, poyesa matenda a shuga, miyezo ya ndende ya C-peptide imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Cholinga, physiology ndi ntchito ya kapamba

Zikondwererozi zimapezeka pakatikati pake kumanzere ndipo zimagwirizana ndi khoma lakumaso kwa m'mimba. Ili pamlingo wa lumbar vertebra m'derali pamwamba pa msomali (pafupifupi 10 cm).

Zikondwererozi zimagwira ntchito ziwiri zofunika mthupi:

Exocrine (ntchito ya procrine),
Intracretory (incretory kapena endocrine).

Chiwalocho chimapangidwa modabwitsa ndipo chimakhala ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timene timapangira timadziti tating'ono tomwe timalowa mu duodenum. Kulemera kwa gland ndi magalamu 70-80 okha, koma patsiku amatha kupangira madzi okwanira malita 2.5.

Madzi a pancreatic ali ndi chilengedwe cha alkaline chomwe chimalepheretsa hydrochloric acid ndikuletsa kukokoloka kwa mucous membrane wa duodenum panthawi yachakudya.

Ntchito yachinsinsi ya kapamba imatsimikizira kupanga kwa mahomoni ofunikira kuti shuga akhale ndi magazi komanso kuti azitha kuyendetsa zinthu zofunika. Ntchito yofunikira ya thupi siyenera kugwira bwino ntchito chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri, chifukwa pamenepa kusokonezeka mwatsatanetsatane kumachitika, ndipo pambuyo pake njira yotchulidwa yotupa imapangika.

Udindo wa limba m'mimba yonse

Ntchito yayikulu ya kapamba ndi kusintha matumbo munthawi yopanga michere yofunikira yomwe imalowa mu duodenum, kuphwanya mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya.

Madzi a pancreatic amaphatikiza ndi bile ndipo amayamba ntchito yogawanika. Kuphwanya njira yokhazikitsidwa, zimakhala ndi ziwalo zam'mimba zimapangidwa, zomwe zimatsogolera pakupangidwe kwa ma pathologies osiyanasiyana.

Zikondazo zimatulutsa mitundu inanso ya ma enzymes:

Lipase (akupera mitundu yambiri yamafuta),
Amylase, maltase, invertase, lactase amathandizira pakuwonongeka kwa chakudya chamoto,
Trypsin ndiye amachititsa kuti mapuloteni awonongeke.

Ma enzyme omwe ali pamwambawa amayamba kupangidwa chakudya chikangolowa m'mimba. Kulekanitsa kumatha pafupifupi maola 7-8.

Kupanga kwa ma enzymes kumatengera mtundu wanji wa chakudya chomwe walowa m'mimba. Ngati mapuloteni amadzaza mgulu la chakudya, trypsin amapangidwa mwachangu. Ndi zakudya zamafuta, lipase yambiri imamasulidwa, ndipo ndi mayamwidwe amtundu wamafuta, mitundu yofananira ya ma enzyme.

Ntchito ya exocrine ya chiwalo zimakhazikitsidwa chifukwa kuchuluka kwa michere kumayenderana ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya m'mimba. Kutsatira izi kumakupatsani mwayi wazodzitetezera ndikuchotsa kudziwonongeka kwa kapamba.

Kutenga nawo gawo pa kusinthana kwa mahomoni

Kugwira kwa intracecretory ntchito kwa kapamba kumatanthauza kupanga mahomoni, ofunikira kuti kayendedwe ka kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi.

Insulin Hormoni iyi imapereka gawo logawaniza shuga m'magazi ndikuletsa kupewa shuga. Monosaccharide imaphwanyidwira glycogen, yomwe imatha kudziunjikira ndipo ili ndi mphamvu yofunikira m'thupi.
Glucagon. Homoni imasiyananso ndi insulin (kutembenuka kwa glycogen kukhala glucose). Pakakumana ndi zovuta m'magazi, kuwonjezereka kwamakhalidwe kumadziwika. Ma mahomoni awiri ophatikizika amapereka lamulo la kagayidwe kazakudya m'thupi.
Somatostatin. Mahomoni omwe amalepheretsa kupanga mahomoni okula, omwe amapangidwa ndi hypothalamus. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupewa kukula kwa ma neoplasms osiyanasiyana.

Mwachitsanzo, matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba amakhala ndi vuto la kusowa kwa timadzi tambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chathupi mthupi pakapanga ziwalo komanso kudziwononga tokha.

Matenda a Type 2 amapezeka ndi insulin yochulukirapo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo kupita ku mahomoni. Zilumba za Langerhans zimayamba kupanga zinthu zochuluka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala ndi magazi ambiri. Mkhalidwewu umafuna chithandizo mukamamwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga.

Mawonekedwe a malo a limba

Dzina la kapamba limachokera kumalo komwe amakhala, monga momwe amapangira supine imakhala pansi pamimba. Nthawi ndi nthawi, chiwalocho chimagawika m'magawo atatu, ndipo mchirawo umapezeka m'mphepete mwa ndulu.

Thupi la gland ili mkati mwa epigastrium mbali yakumanzere kuloza ndulu. Kumbuyo kwa ziwalozo kumadutsana ndi infa ya vena cava ndi aorta (mitsempha yayikulu).

Momwe mungabwezeretsere magwiridwe antchito a kapamba

Matenda a pancreatic ndi kuchepa kapena kuchuluka kwa ma enzymes omwe amatsogolera pakupanga njira yotupa mwa mawonekedwe a kapamba. Njirayi imatha kupangidwa motsutsana ndi maziko amakula matendawa:

Zilonda zam'mimba, matumbo, duodenum,
Cholecystitis wodwala mawonekedwe,
Kapangidwe ka choledochopancreatic Reflux (Reflux ya bile ku ma ducts a gland),
Ma gallstones
Biliary dyskinesia.

Pofuna kubwezeretsa ntchito za thupi, malingaliro otsatirawa akuyenera kuonedwa:

Kuthetsa zizolowezi zoipa (zakumwa zoledzeretsa, ndudu),
Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi
Kuletsa kukhalitsa kwa nthawi yayitali mu sauna kapena bafa,
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
Mankhwala othandizira
Nthawi ndi nthawi ma ultimate a gallbladder kuti azindikire miyala.

Chofunikira ndichakudya choyenera, popeza kumwa kwambiri zinthu zopweteka kumayambitsa chitsulo ndikuwalepheretsa kuchira. Mukamadya, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo ena:

Kupereka zakudya zamagetsi mpaka nthawi 5-7 patsiku lililonse kwa maola awiri ndi atatu,
Zakudya zoyenera zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, mafuta ndi chakudya,
Kuchuluka kwa mavitamini, mchere,
Kutsatira kofunika kuti muthane ndi vutoli mu nthawi yowonjezera.

Kuchokera pakudya kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndikofunikira kupatula:

Tiyi wamphamvu, khofi,
Confectionery
Zakudya zamafuta kwambiri komanso zopatsa mphamvu
Soseji, mafuta osuta.

Zakudya zimasenda bwino kapena kuphika mu uvuni. Mapuloteni amayenera kudyetsa kwambiri osagwirizana ndi chakudya.

Kapangidwe kazinthu

Kapangidwe ka kapamba kumatha kugawidwa mu macroscopic (mawonekedwe a morphological) ndi ma microscopic (kuwerenga kwa minofu ya glandular ndi maselo enaake).

Ma macroscopic a chiwalo:

Mutu ndi gawo lalikulu la chiwalo ndipo limadutsa duodenum. Kupatukana kumachitika limodzi ndi mzere wapadera momwe khothi lamtokomo limapezekera. Mu gawo ili la chiwalo mumakhala gawo lomwe limalumikizana ndi imodzi yayikulu ndikulowa mu duodenum kudzera papilla yapadera ya duodenal. Ngati kulumikizana sikupezeka, ndiye kuti imalowa m'matumbo am'mimba mutadutsa nipple yaying'ono,
Thupi lili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana mbali zitatu komanso mawonekedwe a kutsogolo, kumbuyo ndi pansi,
Mchirawo umawonetsedwa ngati mawonekedwe a centi wopangidwa ndi chiwongolero chakumanzere ndi kumanzere. Mu gawo ili, Wirsung duct ndi duct wamkulu momwe madzi a pancreatic amayenda ndi ma enzymes omwe ali.

Mimba imakhala ndi nembanemba yolimba ya minyewa yolumikizana, yomwe imagwira ntchito yoteteza ndipo imalepheretsa kulowetsedwa kwa michere pamimba.

Tizilombo ta glandular timakhala ma lobules apadera, omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi timagulu tating'ono ta minyewa yolumikizana yomwe ili ndi ziwiya zomwe zimadyetsa maselo ndi mitsempha.

Mitundu ya ma ducts omwe madzi a pancreatic amasuntha:

Interlobular,
Kulowetsa
Zambiri
Zitsamba wamba.

Ma ducts odziwika amaphatikiza zonse pamwambapa ndikuyendetsa madzi a pancreatic, omwe amapangidwa mu duodenum mu acini (mawonekedwe ozungulira opanga maselo a glandular).

Mwa acini pali zisumbu za Langerhans zopanda mabatani ndipo zimakhala ndi maselo apadera (ma insulocytes) omwe amakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya m'thupi m'thupi.

Mitundu itatu yamaselo amenewa imasiyanitsidwa:

Maselo opanga ma alpha a Glycogen
Maselo a Beta amatulutsa insulini, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri m'thupi,
Delta, maselo a PP owongolera anjala, kapangidwe ka pancreatic polypeptide m'thupi.

Kukonza zodzikongoletsa za matenda amtundu 1

Type 1 shuga mellitus amakula ndimatenda opanga ma antibodies omwe amaletsa kupanga kwa insulin komanso kusokoneza kapamba. Kubwezeretsa kudalira kuphunzira mozama komanso kusankhidwa kwa chithandizo chapadera ndi dokotala.

Chofunikira ndikuzindikiritsa chomwe chimayambitsa matenda, chifukwa kupambana kwa chithandizo chamankhwala kumadalira kuzindikira koyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zothandiza zimalimbikitsidwa, kuphatikiza shuga kuchokera kuzakudya zambiri komanso kuperekera mankhwala.

Zizindikiro zosonyeza kutupa kwa kapamba

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha kutupa kwapancreatic ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, vuto la endocrine, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa ndi chikonga. Mukuchita pachimake, zizindikiro zaumunthu zotsatirazi zimapezeka:

Kupweteka kwapafupipafupi kumanzere kwa hypochondrium ikukutembenukira kumbuyo,
Ululu m'mimba, womwe umatha kutsagana ndi mseru, kusanza (kusanza kumakhala ndi zowawa kapena zowawa),
Kuchepetsa ululu pa minyewa yam'mimba,
Stoolokone (kudzimbidwa kapena kutsegula m'mimba)
Kuchepetsa zimachitika pakumwa mankhwala a ululu.

Kuzindikira koyenera kumakhazikitsidwa pakuwunika kwa dokotala woyenera komanso kuikidwa kwa ma labotale (magazi, mkodzo, ndowe) ndi njira zofufuzira (ultrasound, MRI, CT).

Matenda a kapamba

Zoyambira zazikulu za kapamba ndi kapamba (kutupa kwa mucous) ndi matenda ashuga (kuphwanya kwachilendo kwa insulin). Matenda amayambitsa zovuta mu metabolic njira, zomwe zimayambitsa njira yolakwika yokumba chakudya.

Nthawi zambiri, kutupa kumachitika chifukwa cha zakumwa zoledzeretsa, zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri komanso zamafuta, ndikumwa pafupipafupi komanso mavuto amanjenje m'thupi. Zopereka zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwamadzi a pancreatic, zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa minofu ya chiwalo. Zizindikiro zotere zimatha kuchitika ndimatenda a chiwindi osatha.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto labwino, koma kupanga ma cell a beta sikugwira ntchito mokwanira. Pancreatitis ndi matenda a shuga sizolumikizika, chifukwa ali ndi etiology yosiyana ya komwe adachokera.

Pancreatitis ndi matenda oopsa omwe amafunikira chithandizo chazitali komanso chovuta (zakudya, mankhwala, physiotherapy). Pokhapokha ngati zonse zomwe zimafunidwa zikuyang'aniridwa, kukhululukidwa kwanthawi yayitali kumatheka.

Mu matenda a shuga a mellitus, kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi kumafunika mukamamwa mapiritsi kapena jakisoni wapadera. Matenda osowa kwambiri a kapamba ndi zilonda, kupweteka kwa mawonekedwe, cysts, fistulas, cystic fibrosis.

Pancreatic Polypeptide

Pancreatic polypeptide ndi mahomoni omwe apezeka posachedwa ndipo sanaphunziridwe kwathunthu. Kuphatikizika kwa phukusi kumachitika panthawi ya chakudya chomwe chili ndi mafuta, mapuloteni ndi chakudya.

Horona ntchito:

Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi michere yokugaya,
Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya minofu ya ndulu,
Kupewa kutulutsidwa kwambiri kwa trypsin ndi bile.

Ndi kusowa kwa pancreatic polypeptide m'thupi, njira za metabolic zimasokonekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda osiyanasiyana.

Vaso-Interior Peptide

Chimodzi mwa zinthuzi ndi kuthekera kwa kuphatikizika kwa ma cell a msana ndi ubongo, matumbo ang'ono ndi ziwalo zina. Ntchito zazikulu:

Matenda amtundu monga kaphatikizidwe ka glucagon, somatostatin, pepsinogen,
Kuchepetsa njira yonyamula madzi ndi makhoma am matumbo,
Kachitidwe ka ntchito zabwino,
Pancreatic enzyme yopanga
Kusintha kwa kapamba chifukwa cha ma bicarbonates ophatikizika.

The pasoide yolimba kwambiri ya vaso imazindikira kukula kwa kayendedwe ka magazi pakhoma la ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zamkati.

Ntchito yayikulu ya Amilin ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma monosaccharides, omwe amachititsa kuti magazi achulukane. Timadzi timeneti timatulutsa glucagon biosynthesis, imalimbikitsa kupanga somatostatin, imathandizira magwiridwe antchito ofunikira ndipo ndiofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wa thupi.

Centropnein

Mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba ndipo amachititsa kuti chiwonetsero cha bronchi chiwonjezeke komanso kutsegula kwa malo opumira. Pulogalamuyo imakongoletsa kuphatikizika kwa oksijeni kuphatikiza ndi hemoglobin.

Homoni wopangidwa ndi m'mimba ndi kapamba. Gastrin imaperekanso mphamvu ya kugaya chakudya, imayambitsa kapangidwe ka puloteni ya proteinolytic, ndikuwonjezera acidity yam'mimba.

Gastrin imapereka kapangidwe ka gawo lotchedwa matumbo mkati mwa chimbudzi. Vutoli limapezeka pochulukitsa kaphatikizidwe ka secretin, somatostatin ndi mahomoni ena achilengedwe a peptide.

Ntchito za Vagotonin zimakhazikika pa kuphatikiza shuga m'magazi ndikuthandizira kufalikira kwa magazi. Hormoniyo imachepetsa mphamvu ya hydrolysis ya glycogen mu minofu ya minofu ndi chiwindi.

Kallikrein

Izi zimapangidwa bwino ndi kapamba, koma zimapangidwa pokhapokha atalowa mu duodenum ndikuwonetsedwa kwa zofunika mwachilengedwe (kuchuluka kwa shuga).

Ntchito za mahomoni zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mafuta a chiwindi chifukwa cha kutseguka kwa kagayidwe ka phospholipids ndi mafuta acids. Pulogalamuyo imathandizira pakuwonekera pazinthu zina za lipotropic (methionine, choline).

Dokotala uti kuti mulumikizane

Ndi kutupa kwa kapamba, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi gastroenterologist, endocrinologist, kutengera zomwe zapangitsa kuti ziwalo ziwonongeke. Ndikofunika kupimidwa mozama kuti mupeze matenda enaake.

Monga kupewa kuchulukana, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, kusiya zizolowezi zoipa, kukhazikitsa zakudya zoyenera, ndikuchiritsa matenda ena oyipa mthupi.

Okondedwa owerenga, malingaliro anu ndiofunika kwambiri kwa ife - ndichifukwa chake tidzakhala okondwa kuwunikira zochitika za kapamba mu ndemanga, ndizothandizanso kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena a tsambali.

Sergey, Krasnodar

Ndimadwala chifuwa chachikulu, motero nthawi yomweyo ndimazindikira kuti mwina ndichulukirachulukira. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kusinthira ku zakudya zamankhwala ndikusankha mitundu yonse yazinthu zomwe zingakhumudwitseni. Ndi njira yoyenera, kuchotsedwa kumachitika mkati mwa masiku awiri.

Natalia, Sochi

Kwa nthawi yayitali, kupweteka kwa hypochondrium kumanzere kumazunza, koma osati zochuluka. Kenako zonse zinaipa kwambiri ndipo ndinayenera kupita kuchipatala. Anazindikira kuti ali ndi pancreatitis pachimake ndipo amatsitsa otsikira. Ndinagona kuchipatala pafupifupi milungu iwiri ndipo ndimatsatirabe kadyedwe.