Malangizo 600 a Berlition ogwiritsa ntchito ndemanga

Berlition 600: malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito ndi kuwunikira

Dzina lachi Latin: Berlithion 600

Code ya ATX: A16AX01

Chithandizo chogwira: Thioctic acid (Thioctic acid)

Wopanga: Jenahexal Pharma, Pharma Jena GmbH, Haupt Pharma Wolfratshausen (Germany)

Kusintha malongosoledwe ndi chithunzi: 10/22/2018

Berlition 600 ndi kukonzekera kwa metabolic antioxidant ndi neurotrophic kanthu komwe kumayendetsa kagayidwe.

Kutulutsa mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe kake

Mlingo wa Berlition 600 ndi wothandiza pokonzekera njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa: mandimu omveka bwino, achikasu obiriwira 24 ml m'magalasi amdima (25 ml) ndi mzere wopumira (chizindikiro choyera) ndi mikwingwirima yobiriwira-chikaso chobiriwira, Ma PC 5. mu pallet ya pulasitiki, pamatoni 1

Mbale 1 ili ndi:

  • yogwira mankhwala: thioctic acid - 0,6 g,
  • zothandiza: ethylenediamine, madzi a jakisoni.

Mankhwala

Chosakaniza chogwira mu Berlition 600 - α-lipoic (thioctic) acid, ndi coenzyme wa decarboxylation wa α-keto acid ndi antioxidant wam'mbuyo wa mwachindunji. Zimathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu za glycogen mu chiwindi, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ndende ya glucose mu plasma yamagazi ndi insulin kukana. Amatenga nawo gawo la kagayidwe ka chakudya ndi lipids, imathandizira kusinthana kwa cholesterol.

Mphamvu ya antioxidant ya thioctic acid imatha kuteteza maselo kuti asawonongeke ndi zinthu zowonongeka, kuchepetsa (mu shuga mellitus) mapangidwe omaliza a glycosylation opita patsogolo m'mapuloteni m'maselo amitsempha, kusintha magazi oyenda ndi kuchepa kwa magazi, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa thupi kwa glutathione antioxidant. Potha kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi am'magazi, m'magazi a shuga kumakhudza kagayidwe kena ka glucose, kumachepetsa kuwerengeka kwa pathological metabolites (polyols), potero kumachepetsa kutupa kwa minyewa yamanjenje.

Kutenga kwa thioctic acid mu kagayidwe ka mafuta kumapangitsa kuti biosynthesis ya phospholipids (kuphatikizapo phosphoinositides) iwonjezeke, kukonza mawonekedwe osokonekera a ziwalo za cell. Imabwezeretsa kagayidwe kazinthu zamagetsi ndikufotokozera momwe kuphatikizira kwa mitsempha kumathandizira. Imalepheretsa kuwopsa kwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, monga acetaldehyde ndi pyruvic acid, ndikuchepetsa mapangidwe owonjezera a mamolekyulu a mpweya wabwino. Mwa kufooketsa mawonetseredwe a polyneuropathy (paresthesia, mphamvu yoyaka, dzanzi ndi kupweteka kwa miyendo), amachepetsa hypoxia endoneural ndi ischemia.

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa thioctic acid chifukwa cha mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito mchere wa ethylenediamine kumachepetsa kuopsa kwa zovuta zoyipa.

Pharmacokinetics

Kuchuluka kwa thioctic acid m'madzi am'madzi patatha mphindi 30 pambuyo pokonzekera mtsempha wa magazi kumafika pafupifupi 0,02 mg / ml, kuchuluka kwathunthu kumakhala pafupifupi 0.005 mg / h / ml.

Berlition 600 imayenera kuchotsedwa kwapangidwe ndipo imapangidwa makamaka ndi mphamvu ya gawo loyambirira kudzera mu chiwindi. Kapangidwe ka metabolites kumachitika chifukwa cha kupendekeka kwa mbali ndi oxidation. Vd (kuchuluka kwa magawidwe) - pafupifupi 450 ml / kg. Chilolezo chonse cha plasma ndi 10-15 ml / min / kg. Kukula kwakukulu, mu mawonekedwe a metabolites, 80-90% ya mankhwalawa imaperekedwa kudzera mu impso. Hafu ya moyo pafupifupi mphindi 25.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito Berlition 600: njira ndi mlingo

Yankho lomaliza la mankhwalawa lakonzekera kulowetsedwa.

Musanagwiritse ntchito, 1 ampoule ya concentrate imasungunuka mu 250 ml ya 0,9% ya sodium kolorayidi.Njira yothetsera vutoli iyenera kuperekedwa / kutsitsa, kutalika kwa kulowetsedwa kuyenera kukhala osachepera maola 0,5. Popeza chinthu chomwe chimagwira ndi chowoneka bwino, botolo lokhala ndi yankho lakonzedwa liyenera kukulungidwa ndi zojambulazo kuti zitsatse.

Kutalika kwa maphunzirowo kapena kufunikira kobwereza kwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala payekhapayekha.

Zotsatira zoyipa

  • kuchokera ku chitetezo chamthupi: kawirikawiri - matupi awo sagwirizana (kuyabwa, zotupa pakhungu, urticaria), m'malo ochepa - anaphylactic shock,
  • Kuchokera kwamanjenje: kawirikawiri - diplopia, kuphwanya kapena kusintha kukoma, kupweteka,
  • kuchokera ku mbali ya kagayidwe: kawirikawiri - kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi, mwina chizungulire, kupweteka mutu, thukuta, kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe (zizindikiro za dziko la hypoglycemic),
  • Kuchokera ku hemopoietic dongosolo: kawirikawiri - purpura (hemorrhagic zidzolo), thrombocytopathy, thrombophlebitis,
  • zimachitika kwanuko: kawirikawiri - kuwotcha pamalo a jekeseni,
  • zochita zina: motsutsana ndi maziko a jekeseni wambiri wamkati, kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kupanikizika kwa intracranial, kupuma movutikira.

Bongo

Zizindikiro za bongo wa thioctic acid ndi: kupweteka mutu, nseru, kusanza. Kwa milandu yoopsa ya kuledzera, kuphatikiza mwadzidzidzi mankhwala opitirira 80 mg pa kilogalamu imodzi yakulemera kwa thupi, mawonekedwe a kukomoka kwakukulu, kukhumudwa kwa psychomotor, chikumbumtima chazovuta. Komanso, chitukuko cha kutchulidwa kusokonezeka kwa acid-base balance, hypoglycemia (mpaka kukula kwa chikomokere), lactic acidosis, pachimake necrosis ya chigoba minofu, hemolysis, matenda a desensitised intravascular coagulation, kufooka kwa ziwalo zingapo.

Chithandizo: chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mankhwala enaake, chithandizo chamankhwala kuchipatala chikusonyezedwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera kuti tithane ndi zizindikiro za poizoni, kuphatikizapo njira zamakono zochiritsira odwala pangozi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito hemodialysis, hemoperfusion kapena kusefera njira mothandizidwa ndi kukakamiza kwa thioctic acid sikuthandiza.

Malangizo apadera

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuwunika kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi am'magazi, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Ngati ndi kotheka, sinthani mlingo wa mankhwala amkamwa kapena hypulin.

Popeza ethanol imachepetsa matenda a Berlition 600, ndizoletsedwa kumwa mowa ndikumwa mankhwala okhala ndi ethanol panthawi yoperekera chithandizo komanso pakati pa maphunziro.

Malinga ndi maziko a mtsempha wa magazi makonzedwe, hypersensitivity zimachitika, ngati wodwalayo kuyabwa, malaise ndi zina chizindikiro cha mankhwala tsankho, ayenera kulowetsedwa ayenera.

Berlition 600 concentrate imatha kusungunuka kokha mu 0,9% sodium kolorayidi. Kusungidwa kwa yankho lomwe lakonzedwa kumaloledwa pafupifupi maola 6, bola kutetezedwa pakuwala.

Kukopa pa kuthekera koyendetsa magalimoto ndi njira zowerengeka

Kusamala kumalangizidwa pochita zinthu zomwe zingakhale zoopsa ndikuyendetsa. Zotsatira za Berlition 600 pa chidwi cha anthu komanso kuthamanga kwa zomwe psychomotor zimachita sizinaphunzire, koma zovuta zomwe zimachitika monga chizungulire kapena kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe zimatha kukhudzanso izi.

Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Pogwiritsa ntchito imodzi ndi Berlition 600:

  • insulin, pakamwa hypoglycemic wothandizila pakamwa: kuwongolera zochitika zawo zamankhwala,
  • Mowa: amachepetsa kwambiri achire zotsatira za thioctic acid,
  • Kukonzekera kwachitsulo: zimathandizira kuti mapangidwe aphatikizidwe ndi chelate, chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kupewa izi,
  • cisplatin: asidi wa thioctic amachepetsa mphamvu yake.

Moyo wa alumali ndi zaka zitatu.

Zotsatira za pharmacological

Monga coenzyme ya mitochondrial multienzyme complexes, imatenga nawo oxidative decarboxylation wa pyruvic acid ndi alpha-keto acid. Zimathandizira kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi ndikuwonjezera glycogen m'chiwindi, komanso kuthana ndi insulin.
Mwa chikhalidwe cha zochita zamapangidwe amtunduwu, zimakhala pafupi ndi mavitamini a B. Kugwiritsa ntchito trometamol mchere wa thioctic acid (osatenga nawo mbali) pazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito kudzera m'mitsempha yama cell kungathandize kuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimachitika.

Contraindication

  • wazaka 18
  • nthawi yapakati
  • yoyamwitsa
  • mbiri ya hypersensitivity ku zigawo za Berlition 600.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito Berlition 600: njira ndi mlingo

Yankho lomaliza la mankhwalawa lakonzekera kulowetsedwa.

Musanagwiritse ntchito, 1 ampoule ya concentrate imasungunuka mu 250 ml ya 0,9% ya sodium kolorayidi. Njira yothetsera vutoli iyenera kuperekedwa / kutsitsa, kutalika kwa kulowetsedwa kuyenera kukhala osachepera maola 0,5. Popeza chinthu chomwe chimagwira ndi chowoneka bwino, botolo lokhala ndi yankho lakonzedwa liyenera kukulungidwa ndi zojambulazo kuti zitsatse.

Kutalika kwa maphunzirowo kapena kufunikira kobwereza kwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala payekhapayekha.

Zotsatira zoyipa

  • kuchokera ku chitetezo chamthupi: kawirikawiri - matupi awo sagwirizana (kuyabwa, zotupa pakhungu, urticaria), m'malo ochepa - anaphylactic shock,
  • Kuchokera kwamanjenje: kawirikawiri - diplopia, kuphwanya kapena kusintha kukoma, kupweteka,
  • kuchokera ku mbali ya kagayidwe: kawirikawiri - kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi, mwina chizungulire, kupweteka mutu, thukuta, kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe (zizindikiro za dziko la hypoglycemic),
  • Kuchokera ku hemopoietic dongosolo: kawirikawiri - purpura (hemorrhagic zidzolo), thrombocytopathy, thrombophlebitis,
  • zimachitika kwanuko: kawirikawiri - kuwotcha pamalo a jekeseni,
  • zochita zina: motsutsana ndi maziko a jekeseni wambiri wamkati, kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kupanikizika kwa intracranial, kupuma movutikira.

Bongo

Zizindikiro za bongo wa thioctic acid ndi: kupweteka mutu, nseru, kusanza. Kwa milandu yoopsa ya kuledzera, kuphatikiza mwadzidzidzi mankhwala opitirira 80 mg pa kilogalamu imodzi yakulemera kwa thupi, mawonekedwe a kukomoka kwakukulu, kukhumudwa kwa psychomotor, chikumbumtima chazovuta. Komanso, chitukuko cha kutchulidwa kusokonezeka kwa acid-base balance, hypoglycemia (mpaka kukula kwa chikomokere), lactic acidosis, pachimake necrosis ya chigoba minofu, hemolysis, matenda a desensitised intravascular coagulation, kufooka kwa ziwalo zingapo.

Chithandizo: chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mankhwala enaake, chithandizo chamankhwala kuchipatala chikusonyezedwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera kuti tithane ndi zizindikiro za poizoni, kuphatikizapo njira zamakono zochiritsira odwala pangozi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito hemodialysis, hemoperfusion kapena kusefera njira mothandizidwa ndi kukakamiza kwa thioctic acid sikuthandiza.

Malangizo apadera

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuwunika kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi am'magazi, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Ngati ndi kotheka, sinthani mlingo wa mankhwala amkamwa kapena hypulin.

Popeza ethanol imachepetsa matenda a Berlition 600, ndizoletsedwa kumwa mowa ndikumwa mankhwala okhala ndi ethanol panthawi yoperekera chithandizo komanso pakati pa maphunziro.

Malinga ndi maziko a mtsempha wa magazi makonzedwe, hypersensitivity zimachitika, ngati wodwalayo kuyabwa, malaise ndi zina chizindikiro cha mankhwala tsankho, ayenera kulowetsedwa ayenera.

Berlition 600 concentrate imatha kusungunuka kokha mu 0,9% sodium kolorayidi. Kusungidwa kwa yankho lomwe lakonzedwa kumaloledwa pafupifupi maola 6, bola kutetezedwa pakuwala.

Kukopa pa kuthekera koyendetsa magalimoto ndi njira zowerengeka

Kusamala kumalangizidwa pochita zinthu zomwe zingakhale zoopsa ndikuyendetsa. Zotsatira za Berlition 600 pa chidwi cha anthu komanso kuthamanga kwa zomwe psychomotor zimachita sizinaphunzire, koma zovuta zomwe zimachitika monga chizungulire kapena kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe zimatha kukhudzanso izi.

Mimba komanso kuyamwa

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumaphatikizidwa pakhungu ndi mkaka wa m`mawere, chifukwa chosowa chokwanira muzipatala.

Gwiritsani ntchito paubwana

Malinga ndi malangizowo, Berlition 600 sangathe kulembedwera pochiza ana ndi achinyamata osakwana zaka 18, popeza chitetezo chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa komanso kugwira ntchito kwake sichinakhazikitsidwe.

Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Pogwiritsa ntchito imodzi ndi Berlition 600:

  • insulin, pakamwa hypoglycemic wothandizila pakamwa: kuwongolera zochitika zawo zamankhwala,
  • Mowa: amachepetsa kwambiri achire zotsatira za thioctic acid,
  • Kukonzekera kwachitsulo: zimathandizira kuti mapangidwe aphatikizidwe ndi chelate, chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kupewa izi,
  • cisplatin: asidi wa thioctic amachepetsa mphamvu yake.

Moyo wa alumali ndi zaka zitatu.

Kupanga ndi mawonekedwe a kumasulidwa

m'magalasi ofiira a bulauni 12 ml, pabokosi la makatoni 5, 10 kapena 20 ampoules.

mu zotumphuka zomata ma pc 10., mu katoni ka 3, 6 kapena 10 phukusi.

Kufotokozera za mtundu wa kipimo

Njira yothetsera jakisoni: mandimu owoneka bwino achikasu achikasu ndi utoto wonyezimira.
mozungulira, mapiritsi a biconvex a utoto wachikasu, wokhala ndi notch yogawa mbali imodzi.

Feature

Thioctic acid - antioxidant wa amkati (amamangira ma free radicals), amapangidwe m'thupi nthawi ya oxidative decarboxylation wa alpha-keto acid.

Zotsatira za pharmacological

Monga coenzyme ya mitochondrial multienzyme complexes, imatenga nawo oxidative decarboxylation wa pyruvic acid ndi alpha-keto acid. Zimathandizira kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi ndikuwonjezera glycogen m'chiwindi, komanso kuthana ndi insulin.
Mwa chikhalidwe cha zochita zamapangidwe amtunduwu, zimakhala pafupi ndi mavitamini a B. Kugwiritsa ntchito trometamol mchere wa thioctic acid (osatenga nawo mbali) pazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito kudzera m'mitsempha yama cell kungathandize kuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimachitika.

Pharmacokinetics

Mukamamwa pakamwa, imathiridwa mwachangu komanso chokwanira kuchokera kugaya chakudya (kulowetsedwa ndi mayamwa omwera). Nthawi yofika C max ndi mphindi 40-60. Bioavailability ndi 30%. Ili ndi mphamvu ya "gawo loyamba" kudzera m'chiwindi. Kapangidwe ka metabolites kumachitika chifukwa cha kupendekeka kwa mbali ndi oxidation. Kuchuluka kwa magawidwe ndi pafupifupi 450 ml / kg. Njira zazikulu za metabolic ndizophatikiza ndi oxidation. Thioctic acid ndi metabolites ake amuchotsa impso (80-90%). T 1/2 - mphindi 20-50. Kuchuluka kwa plasma Cl - 10-15 ml / min.

Zisonyezero za mankhwala Berlition 300

A shuga ndi mowa polyneuropathy, steatohepatitis osiyanasiyana etiologies, mafuta chiwindi, kuledzera.

Contraindication

Hypersensitivity, kutenga pakati, kuyamwitsa. Osanenanso kwa ana ndi achinyamata (chifukwa cha kusowa kwazomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa).

Mlingo ndi makonzedwe

Iv . Mitundu yayikulu ya IV polyneuropathy, 12-24 ml (300-600 mg ya alpha lipoic acid) patsiku kwa masabata a 2-4. Mwa izi, ma ampoules a 1-2 a mankhwalawa amadziwitsidwa mu 250 ml ya zolimbitsa 0,9% ya sodium kolorayidi ndipo amaperekedwa kwa mphindi pafupifupi 30. M'tsogolomu, amasintha kukonzanso mankhwala ndi Berlition 300 mwanjira ya mapiritsi a 300 mg patsiku.

Zochizira polyneuropathy - 1 tebulo. 1-2 kawiri pa tsiku (300-600 mg wa alpha lipoic acid).

Njira zopewera kupewa ngozi

Pa mankhwala, munthu ayenera kupewa zakumwa zoledzeretsa (mowa ndi zinthu zake zimafooketsa chithandizo).

Mukamamwa mankhwalawa, muyenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (makamaka koyambirira kwa mankhwala). Nthawi zina, pofuna kupewa zizindikiro za hypoglycemia, pangafunikire kuchepetsa mlingo wa insulin kapena wothandizila kukamwa.

Chithandizo

Gawo logwira pophatikizika ndi mankhwala Berlition ndi alpha-lipoic acid, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti thioctic. Vutoli limapezeka mu ziwalo zambiri zamunthu, koma malo ofunikirako ndi “mtima, chiwindi ndi impso. Alfa-lipoic acid ndi antioxidant wamphamvu, amathandiza kuchepetsa mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa chosokoneza mankhwala. Imatetezanso chiwindi ndikuthandizira kubwezeretsa ntchito yake.

Thioctic acid ngati gawo limodzi la mankhwala limapangitsa kuti kagayidwe ka lipid kagayidwe, kamachepetse shuga, komanso kumathandiza kuchepetsa thupi. Mphamvu zake zam'magazi ndizofanana ndi mavitamini a gulu la B. Iwo imayendetsa kagayidwe kachakudya njira ya cholesterol, amateteza thupi ku mapangidwe a atheroscrotic magazi, kuonetsetsa kuwola kwawo ndi kuchoka mwachangu.

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimachitika mthupi. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse ntchito za neuro-zotumphukira, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa glutathione - antioxidant yamphamvu yomwe imapangidwa m'thupi la munthu. Amapereka chitetezo ku matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mavairasi, matenda osiyanasiyana ndi zovulaza.

Mothandizidwa ndi wothandizira, kubwezeretsa komanso njira zamagetsi m'maselo zimayendetsedwa ndikuthamanga. Izi zimapangitsa kuphatikiza mankhwala Berlition mu kapangidwe ka zovuta zamankhwala ambiri.

Makampani opanga mankhwala amapanga Berlition m'njira ziwiri zosiyanasiyana. Awa ndi magome ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa jakisoni mu ma ampoules - Berlition 600. Mapiritsi 300 a Berlition amagulitsidwa momwe amapangira zigawo 10. Muli ndi 300 mg yogwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa thioctinic acid, amakhala ndi colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, povidone, croscarmellose sodium, lactose ndi microscopic cellulose.

Ponena za kukhazikika kwa kukonza yankho, 25 mg / ml ya chinthu chogwira ntchito ilimo. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwirizanitsa kumaphatikizanso zinthu zothandiza: madzi a jekeseni, ethylene diamine ndi propylene glycol.

Ma analogi a Berlition ali ndi chinthu chofanana ndi choyambirira cha mankhwala - thioctic acid. Komabe, ma analogues amapezeka mwa mawonekedwe a mapiritsi ndi makapisozi. Palibe kuyimitsidwa kwamadzimadzi a jekeseni wamkati.

Kuikidwa ndi zotsutsana

Chizindikiro chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi atherosulinosis yam'mitsempha yamagazi, ma cell a chiwindi a zosiyanasiyana etiology, kuledzera, neuropathy ngati uchidakwa kapena shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, Berlition 600 ndi mawonekedwe ake apiritsi akuwonetsedwa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya osteochondrosis.

Mankhwalawa ali ndi zotsutsana zingapo. Berlition 600 sinafotokozeredwe hypersensitivity ndi tsankho kwa yogwira thunthu ndi zinthu zina za mankhwalawo, komanso galactosemia ndi lactose tsankho. Sichimakhazikitsidwa kwa ana osakwana zaka 18.Kuphatikiza apo, ndikosayenera kutenga Berlition kwa amayi ndi amayi oyamwitsa panthawi yomwe akubala mwana, chifukwa chakuti palibe umboni wolembedwa wokhudza chitetezo cha mankhwalawa.

Mlingo ndi njira yothandizira uyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi adokotala. Mlingo wa mankhwalawa umatengera matenda ndi mtundu wa mankhwalawa. Nthawi zambiri, jakisoni amatchulidwa kuti athane ndi vuto la neuropathic, nthawi zina, mapiritsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zosintha zitha kupangidwa ku regimen ya chithandizo, koma izi ziyenera kusankha ndi katswiri.

Piritsi imayenera kumezedwa yonse popanda kutafuna ndikusambitsidwa ndi madzi ambiri. Nthawi yabwino ndi m'mawa, theka la ola musanadye. Njira yochizira imadalira matenda omwe apezeka, momwe wodwalayo alili komanso kuthekera kwa thupi lake kuchira. Monga lamulo, limayambira milungu ingapo mpaka mwezi, koma ngati ndi kotheka, imatha kukulitsidwa.

Pambuyo kutha kwa chithandizo chachikulu, monga prophylaxis yatsopano yowonekera ndikuwonjezereka kwa matendawa, mankhwalawa amatha kupitilizidwa mu mlingo wochepetsedwa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Berlition 600 kumayikidwa pamutu. Nthawi zambiri, awa ndimavuto amisempha, amasonyezedwa m'magazi ang'onoang'ono amitsempha yamagazi, kuledzera kwambiri kapena mkhalidwe wosazindikira pomwe wodwala sangathe kumwa yekha mankhwalawo.

Asanakhazikitse dontho, mphamvu zochuluka za mankhwalawa zimaphatikizidwa ndi mchere. Kukonzekera kwa yankho kuyenera kuchitika nthawi yomweyo jakisoni isanatayike. Kusavomerezeka kwa kuwala kowala mu njira yokonzedwa kale. Botolo nalo liyenera kukulunga ndi pepala lakuda, zojambulazo kapena polyethylene.

Ngati pakufunika kuyambitsa mankhwala mwachangu, koma palibe njira yothetsera mchere, ndiye kuti kuyambitsa kwa kulowerera kumaloledwa. Pachifukwa ichi, syringe ndi pampu yokoka imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ichi ndi chipangizo chapadera chomwe chimakulolani kuti muwongolere kutumiza kwamadzi kwa wodwala. Mulingo wa kuyambitsa kutsata ndi kupitilira 1 ml / min. Kupitilira apo ndizoletsedwa.

Nthawi zina, kuyendetsa makulidwe azomwe zimayendetsedwa ndizovomerezeka. Koma izi zimachitika molingana ndi chiwembu china: ndizoletsedwa kupaka 2 ml ya njira imodzi. Chifukwa chake, pakubweretsa wowonjezera wokhala ndi voliyumu ya 24 ml, mupanga ma punct 12 magawo osiyanasiyana a minofu.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Kafukufuku wambiri wambiri wasonyeza kuti nthawi zina kumwa mankhwalawa kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta kuchokera ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, palibe msinkhu kapena mtundu wa wodwala womwe umakhudza zochitika zawo. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kupezeka mwa amuna ndi akazi, mwa achinyamata ndi odwala okalamba.

Mankhwala angayambitse kusanza, kusanza, kutentha kwamtima. Mchitidwe wamanjenje ukhoza kuyankha mankhwalawa ndikumva kukoma kwa masamba, kugwidwa, komanso kumva kusangalala m'maso.

Mapiritsi a Berlition ndi yankho la jakisoni zimakhudza njira ya metabolic. Pali kuchepa kwa glucose wamagazi, ndipo chifukwa chake, chizungulire, kupweteka mutu, ndi thukuta zimawonekera. Nthawi zina, urticaria, zotupa pakhungu, kuyabwa, thupi lawo siligwirizana.

Kupweteka kwapweteka kumatha kumveka m'malo operekera jakisoni. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndikuwunika kwa odwala omwe adalandira jekeseni wa Berlition. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthamanga mofulumira kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa kupsinjika kwa mutu komanso kufupika.

Zizindikiro za bongo

Kukhazikika kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amafunikira kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa komanso kupezeka kwa zizindikiro zosasangalatsa: kukhudzika, chikumbumtima chosazindikira, kupweteka mutu, nseru komanso kusanza, kutsika kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndi kusokonezeka kwa psychomotor. Kuphatikiza apo, acidity imatha kuwonjezeka kwambiri mthupi, zochitika za ziwalo zina ndi ntchito yamagazi ikhoza kusokonekera.

Berlition amatanthauza mankhwala omwe amasintha kagayidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka maselo a chiwindi. Chidachi chimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi m'magazi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a chiwindi, atherosclerosis, matenda ashuga komanso kuledzera.

Kufotokozera za mankhwalawa, mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe


Chipangizocho chili ndi zotsatira zingapo:

  • kutsitsa kwa ndende ya lipid,
  • imathandizira njira yogwiritsira ntchito cholesterol metabolism,
  • bwino chiwindi,
  • amachepetsa shuga.

Berlition ndi mankhwala a antioxidant. Amadziwika ndi vasodilating effect.

Chidachi chimathandizira kukhazikitsa njira zamkati mobwerezabwereza ma cell ndikuthamangitsa njira za metabolic mwa iwo. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mochizira matenda a osteochondrosis, polyneuropathy (matenda ashuga, mowa).

Berlition amapangidwa m'njira zingapo:

  • 300 mg mapiritsi
  • munthawi yogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni (300 ndi 600 mg).

Gawo lalikulu ndi thioctic acid. Monga chowonjezera, Ethylenediamine amapezeka pamodzi ndi jakisoni madzi. Imikani mu limakhazikika ndi propylene glycol.

Zomwe zimapangidwira mapiritsiwa zimaphatikizapo magnesium stearate ndi povidone. Pali cellulose mu mawonekedwe a ma microcrystals, silicon dioxide, komanso lactose ndi croscarmellose sodium.

Maganizo a odwala komanso mitengo ya mankhwala

Kuchokera pakuwunika kwa wodwala, titha kunena kuti mankhwalawa amalekeredwa bwino. Zotsatira zoyipa ndizosowa komanso zazing'ono.

Mankhwalawa adalembera mankhwalawa osteochondrosis. Dokotala wofotokozerayo adafotokoza kuti mankhwalawa amabwezeretsa magazi. Masiku angapo jakisoni atatha, Berlition adamva kusintha. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kuwonjezera apo ndinathandizidwa ndi Chondroxide ndi Piracetam. Mulimonsemo, zinandithandiza.

Mankhwala abwino. Anathandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa ndipo analimbikitsidwa. M'malo mwake mumakhala moto woyaka m'miyendo komanso kumva kuwawa.

Makanema okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga, kupewa ndi kuchiza:

Mtengo wa mankhwala m'magawo osiyanasiyana umakhala ndi matanthauzidwe osiyanasiyana ndipo umatengera mawonekedwe ake:

  • Mapiritsi a 300 mg - ma ruble a 683-855,
  • 300 mg ampoule - ma ruble 510-725,
  • 600 mg ampoule - 810-976 rubles.

Berlition ndi mankhwala ozikidwa ndi alpha lipoic acid.

Mayina, mafomu omasulira ndi kapangidwe ka Berlition

Mayina wamba "Berlition 300" kapena "Berlition 600" amagwiritsidwa ntchito posonyeza kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa. Cholinga chofuna kukonzekera yankho nthawi zambiri chimangotchedwa kuti "Berlition" ampoules. Nthawi zina mumatha kumva za makapisozi a Berlition, koma lero kulibe mtundu wa mankhwala, ndipo munthu akuganiza za mankhwalawo mosiyanasiyana pakumwa pakamwa.

Monga chosakaniza, Berlition ili alpha lipoic acid wotchedwa thioctic . Monga zigawo zothandizira, chogwirizira ntchito pokonzekera yankhoyi imakhala ndi proylene glycol ndi madzi a jakisoni. Ndipo mapiritsi a Berlition monga zigawo zothandizira ali ndi zinthu izi:

  • Microcrystalline mapadi,
  • Magnesium wakuba,
  • Sodium Croscarmellose,
  • Povidone
  • Silicon dioxide hydrate.
Mapiritsi a Berlition amapezeka m'matumba a 30, 60 kapena 100, 300 mg yokhazikika - 5, 10 kapena 20 ampoules, ndi 600 mg mozama - 5 ampoules okha.

Pulogalamuyo imasakanikirana bwino. Kudziyimira palokha kumawonekera, kupakidwa utoto wonyezimira. Mapiritsiwo ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, a biconvex ndipo ndi achikaso achikaso. Pali chiopsezo pamtundu umodzi wa mapiritsi. Pazolakwika, piritsi ili ndi malo osasinthika, opindika, opaka chikasu.

Zotsatira zochizira za Berlition

Kukwaniritsa kuchepa kwa ndende ya magazi kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa khungu kwa insulini komanso kuchepa kwa kukana.Zotsatira zake, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa glucose mkati wamitsempha yamagazi kumachepa komanso kuchuluka kwa glycosylation ndi kuwonongeka kwa kusintha kwaulere kwa maselo amitsempha kumachepa. Izi, zimachepetsa hypoxia yamitsempha yama cell ndi ma cell, amawateteza ku ma radicals aulere, komanso amathandizira thanzi lawo ndikugwira ntchito. Zotsatira zake, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, neuropathy yokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a glycosylation amapetsedwa. Ndiye kuti, Berlition imathandizira ntchito ya mitsempha yotumphera, kuyimitsa zizindikiro za polyneuropathy (kuwotcha, kupweteka, dzanzi, ndi zina).

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito Berlition mu ampoules (Berlition 300 ndi 600)

Infusions wa Berlition amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza ma neuropathies. Chithandizo cha poyizoni, matenda a atherosclerosis ndi chiwindi chimachitika m'mapiritsi. Komabe, ngati munthu sangathe kumwa mapilitsi, ndiye kuti amapaka jekeseni wina ndi Berlition pamitsempha ya 300 mg patsiku (1 ampoule ya 12 ml).

Kukonzekera njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa kwa mtsempha, gawo limodzi la Berlition 12 ml kapena 24 ml (300 mg kapena 600 mg) liyenera kuchepetsedwa mu 250 ml ya saline yanyama. Zochizira neuropathy, yankho lomwe lili ndi 300 mg kapena 600 mg wa Berlition limaperekedwa kamodzi pa tsiku kwa masabata awiri mpaka anayi. Kenako amasintha kutenga Berlition m'mapiritsi mu 300 mg patsiku.

Njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa kwa mtsempha uyenera kukonzekereratu musanagwiritse ntchito, popeza imataya katundu wawo mwachangu. Njira yotsirizidwa iyenera kutetezedwa ku kuwala kwa dzuwa, kukulunga chiwiya ndi zojambulazo kapena pepala lakuda. Pulogalamu yoyendetsedwayo ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maola opitilira 6 ngati yankho limasungidwa pamalo amdima.

Ngati sikutheka kukonzekera njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa, ndiye kuti osagwirizana kwambiri atha kuperekedwa kudzera mu syringe ndi perfuser. Pankhaniyi, kugwirizira kuyenera kuthandizidwa pang'onopang'ono, osati mwachangu kuposa 1 ml pa mphindi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mulingo wambiri wa 12 ml uyenera kuperekedwa kwa mphindi zosachepera 12, ndi 24 ml - motsatana, mphindi 24.

Berlition angathe kutumikiridwa intramuscularly mu 2 ml ya mtima umodzi jekeseni. Zoposa 2 ml za zinthu zomwe sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito sizingayikidwe mu minofu yomweyo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pakukhazikitsa 12 ml ya concentrate (1 ampoule) ndikofunikira kupanga jakisoni 6 m'malo osiyanasiyana a minofu, etc.

Kuchita ndi mankhwala ena

Chifukwa chakutha kuyanjana ndi ma iron zitsulo, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutenge kukonzekera kwa magnesium, chitsulo, kapena calcium mukatenga Berlition, chifukwa mphamvu zawo zam'mimba zidzachepa. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kutenga Berlition m'mawa, ndikukonzekera zomwe zimakhala ndi zitsulo masana kapena madzulo. Zomwezi zimapezekanso pazomwe zimapanga mkaka zomwe zimakhala ndi calcium yambiri.

Zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi mowa wama ethyl, zomwe zimakhala ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana, zimachepetsa mphamvu ya Berlition.

Kuwunika kwa Berlition sikugwirizana ndi mayankho a shuga, fructose, dextrose ndi Ringer, popeza thioctic acid imapangika mosiyanasiyana sungunuka ndi mamolekyulu a shuga.

Berlition imawonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwala a hypoglycemic ndi insulin, chifukwa chake, ndikugwiritsa ntchito munthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa mlingo wawo.

Berlition (300 ndi 600) - analogi

  • Lipamide - mapiritsi
  • Lipoic acid - mapiritsi ndi yankho la jakisoni wamkati,
  • Lipothioxone - chogwiritsa ntchito pokonzekera yankho la kulowetsedwa kwamkati,
  • Neyrolipon - makapisozi ndikuyang'ana kukonzekera njira yothetsera mtsempha wamkati,
  • Oktolipen - makapisozi, mapiritsi, ndi zina zambiri pokonzekera yankho la kulowetsedwa kwamtsempha,
  • Thiogamma - mapiritsi, yankho ndi kuganizira kwambiri za kulowetsedwa,
  • Thioctacid 600 T - njira yothetsera mtsempha wama mtsempha,
  • Thioctacid BV - mapiritsi,
  • Thioctic acid - mapiritsi,
  • Tiolepta - mapiritsi ndi yankho la kulowetsedwa,
  • Thiolipone - cholimbikitsa pokonzekera yankho la kulowetsedwa kwamkati,
  • Espa-Lipon - mapiritsi ndi kuganizira kwambiri kukonza njira yothetsera mtsempha wamkati.
Mgwirizano wapadera Mankhwala awa ndi awa:
  • Ana a Bifiform - mapiritsi otsekemera,
  • Gastricumel - mapiritsi a homeopathic,
  • Phula - makapisozi,
  • Orfadine - makapisozi,
  • Kuvan - mapiritsi.

Berlition (300 ndi 600) - ndemanga

Ndemanga zoyipa za Berlition ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zomwe zikuyembekezeka kuchokera pamenepo. Mwanjira ina, anthu anali kuwerengera zotsatira imodzi, ndipo zotsatira zake zinali zosiyana pang'ono. Mu izi, pali kukhumudwitsidwa kwakukulu mu mankhwalawa, ndipo anthu amasiya kuwunika koyipa.

Kuphatikiza apo, madokotala omwe amatsatira mosamalitsa pazotsatira zamankhwala ozikidwa umboni amasiya malingaliro olakwika pa Berlition. Popeza kuthandizira kwamankhwala ku Berlition sikunatsimikizidwe, amakhulupirira kuti mankhwalawa ndi osathandiza komanso osafunikira kwenikweni pochiza ma neuropathies mu matenda a shuga ndi zina. Ngakhale kusintha kwamunthu pakubwera, madokotala amawona kuti Berlition ndi yopanda ntchito ndipo amasiya malingaliro olakwika okhudza iye.

Berlition kapena Thioctacid?

Thioctacid yolumikizira mtsempha wamagazi imagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina la malonda la Thioctacid 600 T, ndipo ili ndi 100 mg kapena 600 mg yogwira ntchito pazokwanira. Ndipo Berlition ya jekeseni imapezeka mu Mlingo wa 300 mg ndi 600 mg. Chifukwa chake, ngati kuli kotheka, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a lipoic acid m'mapiritsi otsika ndikofunikira kwa thioctacid. Ngati mukufuna kulowa 600 mg ya lipoic acid, ndiye kuti mutha kusankha chida chilichonse kutengera zomwe mungakonde. Onse a Berlition ndi Thioctacid amapezekanso mu mawonekedwe a piritsi, ngati mungafunike kugwiritsa ntchito ndalamazi pakukonzekera pakamwa, mutha kusankha mankhwala aliwonse.

Mwachitsanzo, mapiritsi a Thioctacid amapezeka mu mlingo wa 600 mg, ndi Berlition - 300 mg, kotero yoyamba iyenera kutengedwa kamodzi patsiku, ndipo yachiwiri, motsatana, iwiri. Kuchokera pamalingaliro osavuta, Thioctacid ndiyabwino, koma ngati munthu sachita manyazi ndi kufunika kotenga mapiritsi awiri tsiku lililonse nthawi, ndiye kuti Berlition ndiyabwino kwa iye.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali kulolera payekha kwa mankhwala, kutengera mawonekedwe a thupi la munthu aliyense payekha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu m'modzi amalolera Berlition bwino, ndi wina - Thioctacid. Zikakhala zotere, ndikofunikira kusankha mankhwalawa omwe amalekeredwa bwino komanso osayambitsa mavuto. Koma izi zitha kukhazikitsidwa pokhapokha poyesa kumwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana.

Komabe, ngati zizindikiro zamankhwala ndizovuta kwambiri kapena mapiritsi sathandizira, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuperekera mankhwala okhala ndi alpha-lipoic acid kudzera m'mitsempha. Zikakhala zotere, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito Berlition m'njira yokhazikika kuti ikonze yankho la intravenous makonzedwe, kapena Thioctacid 600 T.

Berlition (mapiritsi, ma ampoules, 300 ndi 600) - mtengo

Pakadali pano, m'misika yama Russia, mtengo wa Berlition ndi motere:

  • Mapiritsi a Berlition 300 mg 30 zidutswa - 720 - 850 rubles,
  • Berlition kuganizira 300 mg (12 ml) ma ampoules 5 - 510 - 721 ma ruble,
  • Berlition kuganizira 600 mg (24 ml) 5 ampoules - 824 - 956 rubles.

Zotsatira zoyipa Berlition

Kuphwanya glucose metabolism (hypoglycemia), thupi lawo siligwirizana (kuphatikizapo anaphylactic mantha), ndi kufulumira / / - kuchepa kwakanthawi kapena zovuta kupuma, kuchuluka kwazovuta zamkati, kupsinjika, diplopoto, mapindikidwe azizimba pakhungu komanso mucous nembanemba.

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito

Ntchito malangizo a Berlition

Mapiritsi a Berlition

Kuphatikiza apo, mapiritsi a Berlition angatengedwe ngati gawo la zovuta kuchiza matenda a chiwindi, poyizoni ndi atherosclerosis, kamodzi.Kutalika kwakuvomerezedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchira.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito Berlition mu ampoules (Berlition 300 ndi 600)

Infusions wa Berlition amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza ma neuropathies. Chithandizo cha poyizoni, matenda a atherosclerosis ndi chiwindi chimachitika m'mapiritsi. Komabe, ngati munthu sangathe kumwa mapilitsi, ndiye kuti amapaka jekeseni wina ndi Berlition pamitsempha ya 300 mg patsiku (1 ampoule ya 12 ml).

Kukonzekera njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa kwa mtsempha, gawo limodzi la Berlition 12 ml kapena 24 ml (300 mg kapena 600 mg) liyenera kuchepetsedwa mu 250 ml ya saline yanyama. Zochizira neuropathy, yankho lomwe lili ndi 300 mg kapena 600 mg wa Berlition limaperekedwa kamodzi pa tsiku kwa masabata awiri mpaka anayi. Kenako amasintha kutenga Berlition m'mapiritsi mu 300 mg patsiku.

Njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa kwa mtsempha uyenera kukonzekereratu musanagwiritse ntchito, popeza imataya katundu wawo mwachangu. Njira yotsirizidwa iyenera kutetezedwa ku kuwala kwa dzuwa, kukulunga chiwiya ndi zojambulazo kapena pepala lakuda. Pulogalamu yoyendetsedwayo ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maola opitilira 6 ngati yankho limasungidwa pamalo amdima.

Ngati sikutheka kukonzekera njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa, ndiye kuti osagwirizana kwambiri atha kuperekedwa kudzera mu syringe ndi perfuser. Pankhaniyi, kugwirizira kuyenera kuthandizidwa pang'onopang'ono, osati mwachangu kuposa 1 ml pa mphindi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mulingo wambiri wa 12 ml uyenera kuperekedwa kwa mphindi zosachepera 12, ndi 24 ml - motsatana, mphindi 24.

Berlition angathe kutumikiridwa intramuscularly mu 2 ml ya mtima umodzi jekeseni. Zoposa 2 ml za zinthu zomwe sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito sizingayikidwe mu minofu yomweyo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pakukhazikitsa 12 ml ya concentrate (1 ampoule) ndikofunikira kupanga jakisoni 6 m'malo osiyanasiyana a minofu, etc.

Berlition - malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito wobayira

Monga chosungunulira chokhazikika, ndi mchere wokhawo womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Malangizo apadera

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, kumayambiriro kwa mankhwala ndi Berlition, ayenera kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi katatu patsiku. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito Berlition kunachepa mpaka kutsika kwazonse, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin kapena othandizira a hypoglycemic.

Ndi mtsempha wa mtsempha wa Berlition, matupi awo sagwirizana angayambike mwa kuyabwa kapena kutsuka. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kusiya kuyambitsa yankho.

Ngati njira yothetsera vutoli imalowetsedwa mwachangu, mutha kumva kuti muli ndi vuto kumutu, kukokana komanso kuwona kawiri. Zizindikirozi zimazimiririka zokha ndipo sizifunika kuti mankhwalawo athe.

Pa nthawi yonse yomwe Berlition angagwiritse ntchito, chisamaliro chimayenera kuchitika poyendetsa galimoto ndi ntchito yofunikira kwambiri.

Bongo

Mukamatenga kapena kupitiliza kukonzekera kwa oposa 5000 mg a Berlition, mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zazikulu amayamba, monga:

  • Psychomotor mukubwadamuka,
  • Kuzindikira koperewera
  • Zingwe
  • Acidosis
  • Kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mpaka kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic,
  • Mafupa minofu necrosis,
  • DIC
  • Erythrocyte hemolysis,
  • Mafupa kuponderezana,
  • Kulephera kwa ziwalo zingapo ndi machitidwe.
Mlandu wa Berlition wambiri. Berlition ilibe antidoteti yeniyeni, ndi hemodialysis, kusefera ndi hemoperfusion sikungathandizire kuchulukitsa kwa Berlition.

Kugwiritsa ntchito Berlition pa mimba ndi mkaka wa m`mawere

Kuchita ndi mankhwala ena

Chifukwa chakutha kuyanjana ndi ma iron zitsulo, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutenge kukonzekera kwa magnesium, chitsulo, kapena calcium mukatenga Berlition, chifukwa mphamvu zawo zam'mimba zidzachepa.Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kutenga Berlition m'mawa, ndikukonzekera zomwe zimakhala ndi zitsulo masana kapena madzulo. Zomwezi zimapezekanso pazomwe zimapanga mkaka zomwe zimakhala ndi calcium yambiri.

Zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi mowa wama ethyl, zomwe zimakhala ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana, zimachepetsa mphamvu ya Berlition.

Kuwunika kwa Berlition sikugwirizana ndi mayankho a shuga, fructose, dextrose ndi Ringer, popeza thioctic acid imapangika mosiyanasiyana sungunuka ndi mamolekyulu a shuga.

Berlition imawonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwala a hypoglycemic ndi insulin, chifukwa chake, ndikugwiritsa ntchito munthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa mlingo wawo.

Zotsatira zoyipa za Berlition

Berlition ikhoza kuyambitsa zotsatirazi zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku ziwalo ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana:
1.Kuchokera ku dongosolo lamanjenje:

  • Kusintha kapena kuphwanya kukoma,
  • Zingwe
  • Diplopia (kumverera kowonera kawiri).
2.Kuchokera pamimba yogaya (kokha mapiritsi):
  • Kuchepetsa mseru
  • Kubweza
3.Kuchokera kumagazi:
  • Maonekedwe a mitundu yamatumbo am'magazi (thrombocytopathy),
  • Zizolowezi zotuluka magazi chifukwa cha kupindika kwa zinthu za m'magazi,
  • Hemorrhagic zidzolo,
  • Spot hemorrhages pakhungu kapena mucous nembanemba (single petechiae),
4.Kuchokera kumbali ya kagayidwe:
  • Kuchepa kwa ndende ya magazi,
  • Madandaulo ogwirizana ndi shuga wamagazi ochepa (chizungulire, thukuta, mutu).
5.Kuchokera ku chitetezo chamthupi:
  • Zotupa pakhungu
  • Khungu loyera
  • Mankhwala a anaphylactic.
6.Zomwe zimachitika mdera lanu:
  • Kutentha kwakuthupi pakuyang'anira yankho la Berlition,
  • Kupweteka kupweteka pamalowo jekeseni,
  • Kuchulukana kwa chikanga.
7.Ena:
  • Kumva kulemera kwamutu chifukwa chakuwongolera kwambiri njira yothetsera vutoli chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwa kukakamizidwa kwa intracranial,
  • Kupuma kovuta.

Contraindication

Berlition (300 ndi 600) - analogi

  • Lipamide - mapiritsi
  • Lipoic acid - mapiritsi ndi yankho la jakisoni wamkati,
  • Lipothioxone - chogwiritsa ntchito pokonzekera yankho la kulowetsedwa kwamkati,
  • Neyrolipon - makapisozi ndikuyang'ana kukonzekera njira yothetsera mtsempha wamkati,
  • Oktolipen - makapisozi, mapiritsi, ndi zina zambiri pokonzekera yankho la kulowetsedwa kwamtsempha,
  • Thiogamma - mapiritsi, yankho ndi kuganizira kwambiri za kulowetsedwa,
  • Thioctacid 600 T - njira yothetsera mtsempha wama mtsempha,
  • Thioctacid BV - mapiritsi,
  • Thioctic acid - mapiritsi,
  • Tiolepta - mapiritsi ndi yankho la kulowetsedwa,
  • Thiolipone - cholimbikitsa pokonzekera yankho la kulowetsedwa kwamkati,
  • Espa-Lipon - mapiritsi ndi kuganizira kwambiri kukonza njira yothetsera mtsempha wamkati.
Mgwirizano wapadera Mankhwala awa ndi awa:
  • Ana a Bifiform - mapiritsi otsekemera,
  • Gastricumel - mapiritsi a homeopathic,
  • Phula - makapisozi,
  • Orfadine - makapisozi,
  • Kuvan - mapiritsi.

Berlition (300 ndi 600) - ndemanga

Ndemanga zoyipa za Berlition ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zomwe zikuyembekezeka kuchokera pamenepo. Mwanjira ina, anthu anali kuwerengera zotsatira imodzi, ndipo zotsatira zake zinali zosiyana pang'ono. Mu izi, pali kukhumudwitsidwa kwakukulu mu mankhwalawa, ndipo anthu amasiya kuwunika koyipa.

Kuphatikiza apo, madokotala omwe amatsatira mosamalitsa pazotsatira zamankhwala ozikidwa umboni amasiya malingaliro olakwika pa Berlition. Popeza kuthandizira kwamankhwala ku Berlition sikunatsimikizidwe, amakhulupirira kuti mankhwalawa ndi osathandiza komanso osafunikira kwenikweni pochiza ma neuropathies mu matenda a shuga ndi zina. Ngakhale kusintha kwamunthu pakubwera, madokotala amawona kuti Berlition ndi yopanda ntchito ndipo amasiya malingaliro olakwika okhudza iye.

Berlition kapena Thioctacid?

Thioctacid yolumikizira mtsempha wamagazi imagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina la malonda la Thioctacid 600 T, ndipo ili ndi 100 mg kapena 600 mg yogwira ntchito pazokwanira. Ndipo Berlition ya jekeseni imapezeka mu Mlingo wa 300 mg ndi 600 mg. Chifukwa chake, ngati kuli kotheka, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a lipoic acid m'mapiritsi otsika ndikofunikira kwa thioctacid. Ngati mukufuna kulowa 600 mg ya lipoic acid, ndiye kuti mutha kusankha chida chilichonse kutengera zomwe mungakonde. Onse a Berlition ndi Thioctacid amapezekanso mu mawonekedwe a piritsi, ngati mungafunike kugwiritsa ntchito ndalamazi pakukonzekera pakamwa, mutha kusankha mankhwala aliwonse.

Mwachitsanzo, mapiritsi a Thioctacid amapezeka mu mlingo wa 600 mg, ndi Berlition - 300 mg, kotero yoyamba iyenera kutengedwa kamodzi patsiku, ndipo yachiwiri, motsatana, iwiri. Kuchokera pamalingaliro osavuta, Thioctacid ndiyabwino, koma ngati munthu sachita manyazi ndi kufunika kotenga mapiritsi awiri tsiku lililonse nthawi, ndiye kuti Berlition ndiyabwino kwa iye.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali kulolera payekha kwa mankhwala, kutengera mawonekedwe a thupi la munthu aliyense payekha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu m'modzi amalolera Berlition bwino, ndi wina - Thioctacid. Zikakhala zotere, ndikofunikira kusankha mankhwalawa omwe amalekeredwa bwino komanso osayambitsa mavuto. Koma izi zitha kukhazikitsidwa pokhapokha poyesa kumwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana.

Komabe, ngati zizindikiro zamankhwala ndizovuta kwambiri kapena mapiritsi sathandizira, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuperekera mankhwala okhala ndi alpha-lipoic acid kudzera m'mitsempha. Zikakhala zotere, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito Berlition m'njira yokhazikika kuti ikonze yankho la intravenous makonzedwe, kapena Thioctacid 600 T.

Berlition (mapiritsi, ma ampoules, 300 ndi 600) - mtengo

Pakadali pano, m'misika yama Russia, mtengo wa Berlition ndi motere:

  • Mapiritsi a Berlition 300 mg 30 zidutswa - 720 - 850 rubles,
  • Berlition kuganizira 300 mg (12 ml) ma ampoules 5 - 510 - 721 ma ruble,
  • Berlition kuganizira 600 mg (24 ml) 5 ampoules - 824 - 956 rubles.

Kugula?

Berlin-Chemie AG / Menarini Gulu, lopangidwa ndi Iyegeksal Pharma GmbH (Germany), Iyegeksal Pharma GmbH (Germany), Ever Pharma Iye GmbH / Berlin-Chemie AG (Germany)

Zotsatira za pharmacological

Hepatoprotective, detoxization, hypocholesterolemic, lipid-kutsitsa, antioxidant.

Ndi coenzyme wa oxidative decarboxylation wa pyruvic acid ndi alpha-keto acid, amatulutsa mphamvu, chakudya ndi lipid metabolism, ndikuwongolera cholesterol metabolism.

Amasintha ntchito ya chiwindi, amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa poogenous ndi exogenous poizoni.

Pambuyo pakukonzekera pakamwa, kumachitika mwachangu komanso kwathunthu, kuzungulira kwakukulu kumafika pambuyo pa mphindi 50.

Bioavailability pafupifupi 30%.

Imachulukitsa ndipo imalumikizana m'chiwindi.

Kupukutidwa ndi impso mu mawonekedwe a metabolites (80-90%).

Hafu ya moyo ndi mphindi 20-50.

Zotsatira zoyipa Berlition

Kuphwanya glucose metabolism (hypoglycemia), thupi lawo siligwirizana (kuphatikizapo anaphylactic mantha), ndi kufulumira / / - kuchepa kwakanthawi kapena zovuta kupuma, kuchuluka kwazovuta zamkati, kupsinjika, diplopoto, mapindikidwe azizimba pakhungu komanso mucous nembanemba.

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito

Coronary atherosulinosis (kupewa ndi kuchiza), matenda a chiwindi (Matenda a Botkin ofatsa pang'ono pang'ono, cirrhosis), polyneuropathy (matenda ashuga, mowa), poyizoni wazitsulo komanso zakumwa zina.

Mafotokozedwe a magulu a nosological

Kutsogolera ICD-10Zofananira za matenda malinga ndi ICD-10
G62.1 Mowa polyneuropathyMowa polyneuritis
Mowa polyneuropathy
G63.2 Matenda a shuga a polyneuropathy (E10-E14 + okhala ndi manambala anayi. 4)Ululu matenda am'mbuyomu neuropathy
Ululu wa matenda ashuga a m'mimba
Ululu wa matenda ashuga polyneuropathy
Matenda a shuga a polyneuropathy
Matenda a shuga
Matenda a shuga a m'mitsempha am'miyendo
Matenda a shuga
Matenda a shuga a polyneuropathy
A Diabetesic Polyneuritis
Matenda a shuga
Peripheral Diabetesic Polyneuropathy
Matenda a shuga a polyneuropathy
Sensory-motor diabetesic polyneuropathy
K71 Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindiMphamvu ya mankhwala pakhungu
Mphamvu ya poizoni pakhungu
Medical hepatitis
Poizoni hepatitis
Hepatotoxic zotsatira za mankhwala
Zowonongeka zamankhwala chiwindi
Mankhwala Hepatitis
Zowonongeka zamankhwala chiwindi
Mankhwala otupa chiwindi
Mankhwala otupa chiwindi
Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi ntchito za etiology
Poizoni hepatitis
Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi
Poizoni hepatitis
Matenda oopsa a chiwindi
Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi
K76.0 Kuwonongeka kwamafuta kwa chiwindi, osati kwinaMafuta hepatosis
Mafuta a chiwindi dystrophy
Mafuta a chiwindi
Mafuta chiwindi
Mafuta chiwindi
Mafuta chiwindi
Mafuta hepatosis
Lipidosis
Mavuto a lipid metabolism a chiwindi
Osakhala chidakwa steatohepatitis
Pachimake chikasu pa chiwindi
Steatohepatitis
Steatosis
Steatosis

Berlition 600 - chida chomwe chimakhudza dongosolo logaya chakudya komanso njira zama metabolic.
Thioctic acid ndi mankhwala amtundu wofanana ndi mavitamini, omwe amakhala ngati coenzyme ndipo amatenga gawo la oxidative decarboxylation a-keto acid. Chifukwa cha hyperglycemia yomwe imapezeka m'matenda a shuga, glucose amamangidwa ndi mapuloteni amitsempha yamagazi ndikupanga zomwe akuti "kumapeto kwa kuthamanga kwa glycolysis". Njirayi imayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi a endoneural hypoxia / ischemia, omwe, pomwepo, amatsogolera pakupanga mapangidwe aulere okhala ndi okosijeni omwe amawononga mitsempha yapang'onopang'ono. Kuchepa kwa mulingo wa ma antioxidants, monga glutathione, mu mitsempha yapamadzi kwawonekeranso.

Mlingo ndi makonzedwe

Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 300-600 mg (ma ampoules a 1-2). Ma ampoules a 1-2 a mankhwalawa (12-24 ml ya yankho) amadziwitsidwa mu 250 ml ya 0,9% ya sodium kolorayidi ndipo amapaka jekeseni wamitseko pafupifupi mphindi 30.

Kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo, mankhwalawa amatumizidwa kwa milungu iwiri.

Kenako, mutha kupitiliza kumwa thioctic acid mkatikati mwa 300-600 mg / tsiku.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala Berlition

Matenda a shuga ndi mowa.
The mankhwala Berlition 300 makapisozi, Berlition 300 pamlomo - mu mawonekedwe a mapiritsi okhala ndi mbali, mutenge makapisozi awiri mkati kamodzi patsiku, Berlition makapisozi 600 - 1 kapisozi 1 nthawi patsiku mphindi 30 asanadutse chakudya choyamba.
Woopsa matendawa, kuphatikiza mankhwala (iv ndi pakamwa) amagwiritsidwa ntchito masabata oyambilira a 1-2: m'mawa iv jekeseni wa 24 ml / tsiku Berlition 600 U mu mu mawonekedwe a gawo la kukonzekera njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa kapena 12-24 ml ya yankho mankhwala Berlition 300 IU mu mawonekedwe a gawo la kukonzekera njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa ndipo madzulo - imwani mankhwalawa ngati mapiritsi kapena mapiritsi a Berlition 300 kapena 600 mg.
Pa dilution ya mankhwala Berlition 300 kapena 600 IU amangogwiritsa 0,9% sodium kolorayidi. Zomwe zili pamapulogalamuwa zimaphatikizidwa ndi 250 ml ya njirayi ndikujowina iv kwa mphindi zosachepera 30. Njira yothetsera mankhwalawa iyenera kutetezedwa kuti isayang'anitsidwe ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa (mwachitsanzo, kukulira botolo ndi zojambulazo). Ngati izi zakwaniritsidwa, njira yothirilidwa imatha kusungidwa kwa maola 6. Kuti muthandizenso, mankhwala a 300-600 mg a α-lipoic acid amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mapiritsi kapena makapisozi a Berlition 300 kapena 600 mg. Njira ya chithandizo ndiosachepera miyezi iwiri, ngati kuli kotheka, itha kuchitika 2 pachaka.
V / m kulowa Berlition 300 mayunitsi n`zotheka jekeseni muyezo wosaposa 2 ml, malo a jekeseni wa mnofu uyenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse. Njira ya mankhwala ndi milungu 2-4. Monga chithandizo chothandizira, makonzedwe amlomo amasonyezedwa. Berlition 300 pamlomo 1-2 mapiritsi patsiku kwa miyezi 1-2.
Matenda a chiwindi. Mankhwalawa amamulembera mogwirizana ndi zomwe zaperekedwa pamwambapa pa mlingo wa 600-1200 mg wa α-lipoic acid patsiku, kutengera kuwonongeka kwa magawo ndi magawo a ma laboratori a magwiridwe antchito a chiwindi cha wodwalayo.

Kuphatikiza Kwa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo

α-lipoic acid imapangira zinthu zovuta kuphatikizira ndi zitsulo (mwachitsanzo, ndi cisplatin), chifukwa chake, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi kofanana ndi cisplatin, chitsulo, magnesium, ndi zinthu zamkaka, chifukwa cha zomwe zili ndi calcium mkati mwake, sizili zovomerezeka. Cisplatin sayenera kutumikiridwa nthawi imodzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Berlition chifukwa kuchepa kwa zomwe amachita mothandizidwa ndi α-lipoic acid.
α-Lipoic acid imatha kupanga zovuta zosapangika bwino ndi mashuga omwe ali ndi mayankho ena a kulowetsedwa, chifukwa chake mankhwalawa sagwirizana ndi fructose, shuga, etc., komanso mankhwala omwe amadziwika kuti amalowa poyankha ndi ma SH-magulu kapena milatho yopanda malire.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala Chofunikira chachikulu pa mankhwalawa ndi antioxidant wachilengedwe womwe umaphatikiza ma free radicals. Acid imapangidwa ndi thupi chifukwa cha zotsatira zoyipa za oksidijeni idi-keto acid.

Tcherani khutu! Ndemanga za madotolo zikuwonetsa kuti mankhwalawa ali ndi phindu pochepetsa shuga ya magazi, kuwonjezera chiwindi cha glycogen komanso kuthana ndi insulin.

Mwa mphamvu zawo zamitundu mitundu, mapiritsi a Berlition 300 ndi 600 ali pafupi ndi mavitamini a B.

  1. Tengani gawo la matenda a metabolism ndi lipid metabolism.
  2. Sinthani chiwindi ntchito, yambitsani cholesterol metabolism.
  3. Ali ndi hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic, hypolipidemic effect.

Kugwiritsa ntchito Berlition 300 ndi 600 mu kulowetsedwa kwa jakisoni wambiri wamitsempha kumatha kuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimachitika.

Pharmacokinetics Mapiritsi 300 ndi 600, kapena, zinthu zake, amatha "kudutsa" pachiwindi. Thioctic acid ndi zigawo zake pafupifupi kwathunthu (80-90%) zotulutsidwa ndi impso.

Yankho la jakisoni Berlition. Nthawi yofika ndende kwambiri mthupi ndi makonzedwe amkati ndi 10-11 mphindi. Dera lomwe lili pansi pa curve yamankhwala (nthawi yokhazikika) ndi 5 μg h / ml. Kuzindikira kwakukulu ndi 25-38 mcg / ml.

Mapiritsi a Berlition a pakamwa pakamwa amasungunuka msanga ndipo amatengeka kwambiri m'matumbo. Mukamamwa ndi chakudya, adsorption imachepetsa. Pizere kwambiri ya mankhwalawa imatheka pambuyo pa mphindi 40-60. Bioavailability ndi 30%.

Hafu ya moyo ndi mphindi 20-50. Chilolezo chonse cha plasma ndi 10-15 ml / min.

Zina mwa mankhwalawa

Ndemanga za madotolo ndi odwala za Berlition ndizabwino kwambiri, koma, monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, ali ndi mawonekedwe ake. Panthawi ya chithandizo, odwala sayenera kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amafunika kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwama shuga a plasma. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo. Nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kuti muchepetse mankhwala a insulin kapena hypoglycemic omwe amatengedwa ndi odwala mkati. Chifukwa chake, chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia chimapewedwa.

Berlition 300 kapena 600 jakisoni njira ayenera kutetezedwa UV UV. Izi zimachitika ndikakulunga botolo mu aluminiyamu zojambulazo. Njira yothetsera izi ikhoza kusungidwa kwa maola 7.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Nthawi zambiri, sizichitika, koma kawirikawiri, pambuyo pakugwa kwa yankho, kukhudzika, kukoka kwam'mimba pazinthu za mucous nembanemba, zotupa za hemorrhagic, thrombocytosis ndizotheka.Ndi makonzedwe achangu kwambiri, pamakhala mwayi woti munthu azitha kupanikizika komanso kuti azipuma movutikira.

Ndemanga kuchokera kwa odwala ndi madokotala akuti zizindikiro zonsezi zimapita popanda kuchitapo kanthu.

Pali zotulukapo zakomweko zomwe zimawoneka m'gawo la jakisoni. Izi zitha kukhala urticaria kapena mawonekedwe ena amtunduwu, mpaka kugwedezeka kwa anaphylactic. Kukula kwa hypoglycemia, komwe kungayambike chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa shuga, sikutsutsidwa.

Mapiritsi a Berlition nthawi zambiri amaloledwa popanda mavuto. Koma nthawi zina zovuta zotsatirazi ndizotheka:

Kuchita ndi mankhwala ena

In vitro Berlition imakumana ndi zinthu zachitsulo za ionic. Mwachitsanzo, chisplatin chitha kuganiziridwa. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito pamodzi ndi chisplatin kumachepetsa zotsatira zake.

Koma zotsatira za mankhwala amkamwa a hypoglycemic ndi insulin, Berlition 300 kapena 600, m'malo mwake, zimakulirakulira. Ethanol, yemwe amapezeka mu zakumwa zoledzeretsa, amachepetsa kuchiritsa kwa mankhwalawa (werengani ndemanga).

The yogwira thunthu la Berlition, atakhudzidwa ndi shuga, mitundu pafupifupi insoluble mankhwala. Zotsatira zake kuti yankho la thioctic acid silingaphatikizidwe ndi kulowetsedwa kwa dextrose, Ringer, ndi njira zina zoterezi.

Ngati Berlition 300, mapiritsi a 600 adatengedwa m'mawa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamkaka, magnesium ndi kukonzekera kwachitsulo pokhapokha masana kapena madzulo. Pokhudzana ndi zinthu zamkaka, izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti zimakhala ndi calcium yambiri.

Zoyipidwa zomwe zilipo

  • Nthawi ya pakati komanso yoyamwitsa. Ngakhale zovuta za mankhwalawa sizitsimikiziridwa, chifukwa palibe kuwunika ndi maphunziro a dongosolo lotere.
  • Kuzindikira kwakukulu pazigawo za Berlition.
  • Mankhwalawa sanalembedwera ana (palibe ndemanga pa chitetezo ndi kugwira ntchito).

Kusunga, tchuthi, kunyamula

Mankhwalawa ndi a mndandanda B. Uyenera kusungidwa pamtunda wolephera kupitirira 25 ° C, m'malo osavomerezeka ndi ana.

Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito imatengera mtundu wa kumasulidwa:

  • yankho la jakisoni - zaka 3,
  • mapiritsi - 2 years.

Berlition amatulutsidwa pokhapokha atachokera kuchipatala. Njira yothetsera jakisoni imapezeka mu ampoules amdima a 25 mg / ml. Makatoni ama katoni (matrakiti) ali ndi ma ampoules 5. Nawa malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito.

Mapiritsi a Berlition adakutidwa ndikuwakhomeka zidutswa 10 m'matumba opangidwa ndi opaque PVC zakuthupi kapena zojambulazo za aluminium. Makatoni okhala ndi matuza atatu ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito.

Kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala kwa nkhawa yamafuta aku Germany a Berlin Chemi sikungokhala chabe thioctic (alpha-lipoic) acid - antioxidant wa amkati omwe amalepheretsa zabwino zowonongeka ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ngati hepatoprotector. Malingana ndi malingaliro amakono, mankhwalawa ndi mavitamini ("Vitamini N"), ntchito yachilengedwe yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi gawo lake la oxidative decarboxylation a alpha-keto acids. Kukhalapo kwa magulu a sulfhydryl, omwe ali okonzeka "kuwongolera" onse omwe ali ndi vuto loti azikhala mozungulira ma radicals oyipa, amapatsa antioxidant katundu ku molekyu ya thioctic acid. Izi zikuthandizira kuti kuchira kwamphamvu kwamapuloteni kuwonongeka ndi oxidative nkhawa. Chifukwa chake, thioctic acid imakhudzanso kagayidwe kazakudya zamapuloteni, chakudya, cholesterol ndikuchita monga detoxifier pochita poizoni ndimapiritsi ogona komanso mchere wamchere wambiri. Zofunikira kwambiri pakubadwa kwa thioctic acid ndi monga: kukhathamiritsa kwa shuga kwa transmembrane glucose munthawi yomweyo, ndi kuphatikiza njira za oxidation, antioxidant, kuchepetsa magazi acids, kuletsa kwamizere yamagazi, kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni magazi, kuchuluka kukana kwa maselo ku chakudya cha okosijeni, kuchuluka kwa anti-kutupa kwa corticosteroids, choleretic, spasm zandale komanso kusintha magwiridwe.

Chifukwa cha izi, thioctic acid (berlition) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofalitsa matenda a chiwindi, matenda oopsa a m'magazi, matenda a atherosulinosis, ndi matenda a shuga. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zipatso monga hepatoprotector, mlingo ndi nthawi ya mapiritsi a pharmacotherapeutic ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kuyesedwa kwa kachipatala komwe kwachitika zaka makumi anayi kwawonetsa kuti muyezo wa 30 mg sunathandizire pa matenda a chiwindi ndi chiwindi cha hepatitis, koma kuwonjezeka kwakeko ka khumi ndi kasanu m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kumathandizadi kukonzekera kwa hepatic biochemistry. Ngati muphatikiza njira yotsekemera ndi jekeseni ya zipatso (ndipo mankhwalawo akupezeka mwanjira ya mapiritsi ndikuyang'anitsitsa pakukonzekera njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa), ndiye kuti zotsatira zomwe mukufuna zingatheke mwachangu.

Chifukwa chake, zitha kunenedwa kuti kuphatikizika kwa zipatso chifukwa cha antioxidant zotsatira ndi lipotropic ndi njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri yochizira zotupa za chiwindi, kuphatikizapo cirrhosis, hepatitis, aakulu cholecystitis. Mankhwala atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mu mtima mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa mitsempha, matenda a mtima, matenda oopsa. Zotsatira zoyipa ndi Berlition ndizosowa kwambiri ndipo sikuti vuto losagwiritsanso ntchito mankhwalawa.

Pharmacology

Thioctic (alpha-lipoic) acid ndi antioxantant wa endoological wa mwachindunji (amamangirira zowongolera zaulere) ndi zotsatira zosadziwika. Ndi coenzyme wa decarboxylation wa alpha-keto acid. Zimathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi am'magazi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa glycogen m'chiwindi, kumachepetsa kukana insulini, kutenga nawo mbali pakumwedwa kwa metabolism ndi lipid metabolism, kumalimbikitsa kusinthana kwa cholesterol. Chifukwa cha antioxidant yake, thioctic acid imateteza maselo kuti asawonongeke ndi zinthu zomwe zimawola, amachepetsa kupangika kwa mapuloteni opanga glycosylation omwe amapanga maselo amitsempha m'mitsempha ya shuga, amakongoletsa kuchepa kwa magazi ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa thupi kwa glutathione antioxidant. Kuthandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi am'magazi, kumakhudzanso kagayidwe kena ka shuga mu shuga mellitus, kumachepetsa kudzikundikira kwa metabolites mu mawonekedwe a ma polols, ndipo potero kumachepetsa kutupa kwa minyewa yamanjenje. Chifukwa cha kutenga nawo gawo pokonza mafuta, thioctic acid imachulukitsa biosynthesis ya phospholipids, makamaka ma phosphoinositides, omwe amasintha mawonekedwe owonongeka a maselo a cell, amatulutsa mphamvu ya metabolism ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha. Thioctic acid imathetsa poizoni wa zakumwa zoledzeretsa (acetaldehyde, pyruvic acid), imachepetsa mapangidwe owonjezera a mamolekyulu am'magazi a okosijeni a okosijeni, amachepetsa endoneural hypoxia ndi ischemia, akuchepetsa kuwonetsa kwa polyneuropathy mwa mawonekedwe a paresthesia, kugunda kwamphamvu, kupweteka komanso kutsika kwa malekezero. Chifukwa chake, thioctic acid imakhala ndi antioxidant, neurotrophic effect, imapangitsa kagayidwe ka lipid.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a thioctic acid pogwiritsa ntchito mchere wa ethylenediamine kungachepetse kuopsa kwa zovuta zina zoyipa.

Kusungidwa kwa mankhwala Berlition

Kutentha kopitilira 30 ° C. Pofuna kuteteza zomwe zili mkati mwa kuunika, ma ampoules ayenera kusungidwa pabokosi. Njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa ndioyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maola 6, bola atetezedwa pakuwala.

Mndandanda wa malo ogulitsa mankhwala komwe mungagule Berlition:

Munkhani yachipatala iyi, mutha kupeza mankhwala a Berlition. Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito akufotokozera momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito jakisoni kapena mapiritsi, zomwe mankhwalawo amathandizira, ndi ziti zomwe zingagwiritse ntchito, contraindication ndi mavuto. Chofotokozedwacho chimapereka mtundu wa mankhwalawa komanso mawonekedwe ake.

Munkhaniyi, madotolo ndi ogula amatha kusiya ndemanga zenizeni zokhudzana ndi Berlition, pomwe mungadziwe ngati mankhwalawo adathandizira pochiza matenda a chiwindi, matenda enaake, uchidakwa komanso matenda ashuga a polyneuropathy mwa akulu ndi ana, omwe adawalembera. Mndandanda wa malangizo a Berlition, mitengo ya mankhwalawo m'masitolo, komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito panthawi yapakati.

Mankhwala omwe amawongolera kagayidwe m'thupi la munthu ndi Berlition. Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito akuwonetsa kuti mapiritsi kapena makapisozi a 300 mg, jakisoni m'mapiritsi a jakisoni amathandizira pamavuto a chiwindi.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Kugwiritsa ntchito Berlition kungayambitse zotsatirazi:

  • Thupi lawo siligwirizana: kuyabwa, zotupa pakhungu, urticaria, chikanga.
  • Kuchokera m'mimba: thirakiti ya dyspeptic, nseru, kusanza, kusintha kwa kakomedwe, kusokonezeka kwa chopondapo.
  • Kuchokera kumbali ya dongosolo lamkati lamanjenje: kumva kupsinjika m'mutu, diplopia, kupweteka (pambuyo pokonzekera mwachangu).
  • Kuchokera ku CCC: tachycardia (pambuyo pakukonzekera mwachangu kwamkati), Hyperemia ya nkhope ndi thupi lam'mwambamwamba, kupweteka komanso kumva kukakamira pachifuwa.
  • Nthawi zina, kugundana kwa anaphylactic kumatha kuchitika.

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia, kupweteka mutu, thukuta kwambiri, chizungulire, komanso kuperewera kwamawonedwe zingachitike. Kupuma pang'ono, kupuma, ndi thrombocytopenia nthawi zina kumawonedwa. Kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi polyneuropathy, paresthesia yomwe imakhala ndi chidwi ndi zokwawa zam'madzi zimatha kukula.

Mndandanda wa mankhwala Berlition

Kapangidwe kamene kamayimira fanizo:

  1. Lipothioxone.
  2. Thioctic acid.
  3. Thioctacid 600.
  4. Lipoic acid.
  5. Neuroleipone.
  6. Tiolepta.
  7. Lipamide
  8. Oktolipen.
  9. Thiolipone.
  10. Alpha Lipoic Acid
  11. Tiogamma.
  12. Espa Lipon.

Ku gulu la hepatoprotectors palinso ma analogues:

  1. Antraliv.
  2. Silymarin.
  3. Ursor Rompharm.
  4. Ursodex.
  5. Phospholipids ofunikira.
  6. Silymar.
  7. Tykveol.
  8. Bongjigar.
  9. Thioctic acid.
  10. Hepabos.
  11. Gepabene.
  12. Mbale 300.
  13. Erbisol.
  14. Essliver.
  15. Sibektan.
  16. Orniketi.
  17. Progepar.
  18. Nthula wamkaka.
  19. 52.
  20. Urso 100.
  21. Ursosan.
  22. Gepa Merz.
  23. Urdox.
  24. Rezalyut Pro.
  25. Choludexan.
  26. Thiolipone.
  27. Metrop.
  28. Eslidine.
  29. Ursofalk.
  30. Thiotriazolinum.
  31. Phosphogliv.
  32. Silegon.
  33. Berlition 600.
  34. Essentiale N.
  35. Phosphoncial.
  36. Silibinin.
  37. Sirepar.
  38. Cavehol.
  39. Ursodeoxycholic acid.
  40. Ursoliv.
  41. Brentsia forte.
  42. Livodex.
  43. Ursodez.
  44. Methionine.
  45. Legalon.
  46. Vitanorm.

Maholide ndi mtengo

Mtengo wapakati wa Berlition (mapiritsi 300 mg No. 30) ku Moscow ndi 800 rubles. Ampoules 600 mg 24 ma PC. mtengo 9 rubles. Yoperekedwa ndi mankhwala.

Mapiritsi amasungidwa m'zipinda zouma pamtunda wa 15-25 C. Alumali moyo - zaka 2. Makapisozi amasungidwa pamalo owuma, amdima pa kutentha osaposa 30 C. Moyo wa alumali wa zigawo za Berlition ndi zaka 300 - 3, ndipo makapisozi zaka 600 - 2,5.

Mankhwala ndi oimira gulu la hepatoprotectors - mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kukana kwa maselo a chiwindi kuzinthu zoyipa ndikusintha magwiridwe ake ntchito konse. Zigawo zogwira ntchito za mankhwalawa zimakhudzana ndi kayendedwe ka lipid ndi kagayidwe kazakudya ndikuwonetsa katundu wa detoxifying. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa matenda a chiwindi komanso zina mwa zomwe zimakhudza chiwalochi.

Mankhwala Berlition ndi ntchito

Kutengera mlingo wa gawo lomwe limagwira, mankhwalawo amatha kutchedwa "Berlition 300" kapena "Berlition 600". Fomu yoyamba imakhala ndi 300 mg yogwira ntchito, ndipo yachiwiri - 600 mg. Kutalika kwake kumakhalabe chimodzimodzi ndipo 25 mg / ml. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwalawa monga njira yothetsera kulowetsedwa akupezeka m'magawo 12 ml ndi 24 ml. Mapiritsi ndi makapisozi amatha kukhala ndi mlingo wosiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa zidutswa zomwe phukusi limakhala. Zofanana pamitundu yonse ndizomwe zimagwira ntchito chimodzimodzi.

Kupanga ndi mawonekedwe a kumasulidwa

Chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga ndi alpha lipoic acid (thioctic, lipoic, vitamini N), chomwe ndi chinthu chokhala ndi vitamini.Ndikofunikira pa oxidative decarboxylation ya alpha-keto acid. Fomu iliyonse yotulutsidwa imakhala ndi zake zothandizira. Zambiri zafotokozedwa pagome:

Mlingo wa yogwira pophika - thioctic acid

Gwiritsani ntchito omwe amaponyera

300 mg kapena 600 mg

Ethylene diamine, propylene glycol, madzi a jekeseni.

Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi utoto wachikasu wobiriwira, 5, 10 kapena 20, wogulitsa makatoni (300 mg), kapena ma ampoules 5, omwe amaikidwa pallet.

300 mg kapena 600 mg

Titanium dioxide, mafuta olimba, njira ya sorbitol, gelatin, glycerin, triglycerides, amaranth, medium chain triglycerides.

Ufa mu chipolopolo chofewa cha gelatin, chokhala m'matumba.

Povidone, lactose monohydrate, colloidal silicon dioxide, MCC, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate.

Wozungulira, wachikaso, wachikaso, wokutira wamafuta, wa biconvex, amene ali pachiwopsezo mbali imodzi, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala, osasanjika pamtanda.

Mapiritsi a Berlition

Mankhwala okhala ngati mapiritsi amatengedwa pakamwa ponse. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi m'mawa musanadye chakudya cham'mawa, popeza kudya kumakhudza mayamwidwe a chinthucho. Kwa tsiku, muyenera kumwa 600 mg nthawi imodzi, i.e. Mapiritsi 2 nthawi imodzi. Kutalika kwa maphunzirowa kumaperekedwa pozindikira momwe wodwalayo alili komanso zomwe akuwonetsa. Mapiritsi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a atherosulinosis, poyizoni komanso matenda a chiwindi. Mlingo watsimikiza chifukwa cha matenda:

  • mankhwalawa odwala matenda ashuga polyneuropathy - 600 mg patsiku (i.e. mapiritsi 2 nthawi imodzi),
  • mankhwalawa matenda a chiwindi - 600-1200 mg (mapiritsi a 2-4) tsiku lililonse.

Ziphuphu zakumaso

Njira yothetsera imakonzedwa ku mankhwala ampoules kuti athandizidwe kulowetsedwa ndi kulowetsedwa (ma dontho). Amakhala ndi zomwe zili ndi thioctic acid ya 300 mg ndi 600 mg amagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo omwewo. Ubwino wa infusions pamapiritsi ndikuchita mwachangu. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa imasonyezedwa pazovuta zamankhwala.

Kukonzekera mankhwalawa, 1 ampoule ya 12 ml kapena 24 ml ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi 250 ml ya saline yachilengedwe. Malangizo ntchito mankhwalawa neuropathies:

  • 1 kamodzi tsiku lililonse kwa masabata 2-4, omwe akutsikira amaikidwa 300 mg kapena 600 mg wa thioctic acid,
  • kenako amasinthira ku mlingo wokonzanso ndikumatenga mapiritsi 300 mg tsiku lililonse.

Ndikofunikira kukonzekera Berlition kwa infusions musanachitike njirayi. Cholinga chake ndikuti amataya katundu wawo mwachangu. Pambuyo pokonzekera, yankho liyenera kutetezedwa ku kuwala kwa dzuwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okhala ndi dzuwa. Kuti tichite izi, chotengera nachocho chimakulungidwa ndi pepala lozungulila kapena zojambulazo. Pulogalamu yoyendetsedwa ndi madziyo imasungidwa kwa maola osaposa 6, bola ikangowoneka padzuwa.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito makapu ndi ofanana ndi mapiritsi. Amatengedwa pakamwa popanda kutafuna kapena kusweka. Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 600 mg, i.e. 1 kapisozi Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ndi madzi okwanira. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi m'mawa theka la ola musanadye. Ngati mulingo wa zigawo za makapisozi ndi 300 mg, ndiye kuti pa nthawi imodzi muyenera kutenga zidutswa ziwiri nthawi imodzi.

Magawo ofunikira

Mutu:BWINO 600
Code ya ATX:A16AX01 -

Kuphatikiza apo: propylene glycol, ethylene diamine, madzi a jekeseni.

Mmodzi kapisozi ikuphatikizira 300 mg kapena 600 mg thioctic acid. Kuphatikiza apo: mafuta olimba, ma CD angapo a triglycerides, gelatin, njira ya sorbitol, glycerin, amaranth, titanium dioxide.

Mmodzi piritsi zimaphatikizapo 300 mg thioctic acid. Kuphatikiza apo: magnesium stearate, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium, MCC, colloidal silicon dioxide, povidone, yellow Opadry OY-S-22898 (monga chipolopolo).

Mitundu yonse ya mankhwala

  • kuphwanya / kusintha kwa kukoma,
  • kuchepa kwa plasma zilishuga (chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mayamwidwe ake),
  • Symbomatology hypoglycemiakuphatikiza zowoneka bwino ntchito,.
  • mawonetseredwekuphatikizapo khungu zotupa/, urticaria zidzolo (), (pazokha).

Kuphatikiza pa mitundu ya mankhwala

  • diplopia,
  • kuyaka m'dera la jakisoni,
  • kukokana,
  • thrombocytopathy,
  • chinangwa
  • kupuma movutikira ndi kuchuluka (zadziwika munthawi ya kayendetsedwe ka iv mofulumira ndipo zimadutsa zokha).

Berlition, malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito (Njira ndi Mlingo)

Malangizo oyendetsedwa ndi Berlition 300 ndi ofanana ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito Berlition 600 pamitundu yonse ya mankhwalawa (jakisoni wa jekeseni, makapisozi, mapiritsi).

Mankhwala Berlition omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera infusions amayambira kugwiritsidwa ntchito patsiku la 300-600 mg, omwe amaperekedwa tsiku lililonse mu kukapumira kwa mphindi zosachepera 30, kwa masabata 2-4. Atangoyambitsa kulowetsedwa, njira yothira mankhwala imakonzedwa ndikusakaniza zomwe zimapezeka mu 1 ampoule ya 300 mg (12 ml) kapena 600 mg (24 ml) ndi 250 ml jakisoni (0,9%).

Pokhudzana ndi photosensitivity ya okonzekera kulowetsedwa, iyenera kutetezedwa kuti isayerekezedwe ndi kuwala, mwachitsanzo, wokutidwa ndi zojambulazo ndi zotayidwa. Mwanjira imeneyi, yankho likhoza kusungidwa ndi malo pafupifupi 6.

Pambuyo pa milungu iwiri ndi itatu ya mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito infusions, amasinthana ndi mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya mankhwala. Mabotolo a Berlition kapena mapiritsi amatchulidwa muyezo wokonza tsiku lililonse wa 300-600 mg ndipo amatengedwa pamimba yopanda pafupifupi theka la ola musanadye, kumwa 100-200 ml ya madzi.

Kutalika kwa kulowetsedwa ndi njira yothetsera mkamwa, komanso kuthekera kochita kwawo mobwerezabwereza, kumatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala aliyense payekha.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito Berlition: njira ndi mlingo

Mankhwala nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kamodzi patsiku, m'mawa, theka la ola musanadye kadzutsa. Mapiritsi a Berlition sangathe kutafunidwa ndikuphwanyidwa. Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa akulu ndi 600 mg (mapiritsi 2).

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuchepetsedwa ndi 0,9% sodium kolorayidi, umayendetsedwa mu 250 ml kwa theka la ola. Mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku kwa odwala akuluakulu ndi 300-600 mg. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Berlition kudzera m'mitsempha nthawi zambiri kumatha masabata awiri, pambuyo pake wodwalayo amapatsidwa mankhwala pakamwa.

Pa nthawi yoyembekezera

Amayi oyembekezera komanso oyembekezera sathandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa. Cholinga chake ndikuchepa kwa zovuta zamankhwala ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa m'gulu lolingana ndi odwala. Mimba ndi mkaka wa m`mawere ndi zotsutsana mwamtheradi zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati pakufunika kugwiritsa ntchito Berlition panthawi yoyamwitsa, iyenera kusokonezedwa nthawi yonse ya mankhwalawa.

Muubwana

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa anthu omwe sanakwanitse zaka 18 ndiko kutsutsana kwathunthu. Zomwezi zimafanana ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi amayi oyembekezera komanso oyamwitsa. Igona pakusowa kwa chitetezo chazogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa mwana. Ngati ndi kotheka, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa m'malo mwake ndikusankha mankhwala ena omwe ndi otetezeka kwa ana.

Kuyenderana ndi mowa

Panthawi ya chithandizo ndi Berlition, ndikofunikira kusiya kumwa mowa, ndizosagwirizana. Mowa umachepetsa mphamvu ya mankhwalawa. Ngati mumwa mankhwala ambiri ndi mowa nthawi yomweyo, zotsatirapo zake zimatha kukhala poizoni wambiri m'thupi. Mkhalidwe uwu ndiwowopsa chifukwa chiopsezo cha kufa chimakulitsidwa kwambiri.

Ma fomu aubwino

Kukhazikitsa kwa mankhwala ndi kulowetsedwa ndikudutsa chimbudzi, motero njirayi imatchedwa kuti laberal. Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika ndi njirayi sizikhudza matumbo. Droppers ndi Berlition mwa odwala ena amayambitsa:

  • chinangwa
  • kuvutika kupuma
  • kuchuluka kwa mavuto azachuma,
  • kukokana
  • diplopia
  • kumverera koyaka m'dera la jakisoni,
  • thrombocytopathy.

Migwirizano yogulitsa ndikusunga

Njira iliyonse yotulutsira mankhwalawa imaperekedwa pokhapokha pokhapokha ngati pali malangizo kuchokera kwa dokotala. Ampoules ayenera kusungidwa mu ma CD, kuwaika pamalo otetezedwa ndi dzuwa. Kutentha kwambiri kosungira ndi 25 degrees. Zomwezo zimapita kwa makapisozi ndi mapiritsi. Alumali moyo wa mankhwala ndi zaka 3.

Mankhwala Berlition ali ndi mitundu ingapo. Agawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu. Loyamba limaphatikizapo ma syonyms omwe amakhalanso ndi alpha lipoic acid. Gulu lachiwiri limaphatikizapo mankhwala omwe ali ndi zochizira zofanana, koma ndi zina zomwe zimagwira ntchito. Mwambiri, ma fanizo a Berlition otsatirawa pamapiritsi ndi mayankho amadziwika:

  1. Thiolipone. Amayimiridwanso ndi mapiritsi ndi kuganizira kwambiri. Mankhwalawa ndi antioidantant amkati wozungulira alpha lipoic acid. Chizindikiro cha ntchito yake ndi matenda ashuga polyneuropathy.
  2. Solcoseryl. Amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a mafuta, mafuta am'maso, odzola, jekeseni. Zonsezi zimakhazikitsidwa ndi magazi opanda mkaka a protein. Mndandanda wazidziwitso ndiwokulirapo kuposa momwe Berlition aliri.
  3. Oktolipen. Maziko amakhalanso ndi thioctic acid. Ili ndi mtundu womwewo wamasulidwe: gwiritsani ntchito magome ndi mapiritsi. Mwa zina mwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Oktolipen, kuledzera, poyizoni waziphuphu, Hyperlipidemia, hepatitis, mafuta achilengedwe komanso kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, chiwindi A ndizodziwika.
  4. Dalargin. Chothandizira chophatikizika ndicho chinthu chomwe chimadziwika ndi dzina lomweli. Mankhwala amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a yankho la intravenous makonzedwe ndi lyophilized ufa. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la mankhwalawa uchidakwa.
  5. Heptral. Imatha kusintha maselo a chiwindi. Imakhala ndi machitidwe osiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake, koma imalowetsa m'malo mwa zinthu za asidi za thioctic.

Mtengo Berlition

Mutha kugula mankhwalawo kapangidwe ka mankhwala wamba kapena pa intaneti. Pogula, muyenera kuyang'anira tsiku lopanga ndi kumaliza ntchito. Mtengo wa mankhwalawa umangotengera magawo a mankhwala ena, komanso kuchuluka kwa gawo la yogwira ndi kuchuluka kwa mapiritsi kapena mapiritsi okhala phukusi. Zitsanzo za mtengo zikuwonetsedwa pagome:

Kusiya Ndemanga Yanu