Kodi mayeso ololera wama glucose amachitika bwanji molondola?

Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana pa mayeso a glucose kulolerana (GTT), kafukufuku yemwe dzina lake aliyense wamva. Kusanthula kumeneku kuli ndi mawu ofanana. Nawa mayina ena omwe mungapeze:

Kuyesa kwa glucose
Kuyesedwa Kwobadwa ndi shuga
Oral (i.e., pakamwa) mayeso ololera a glucose (GTT)
Mayeso a kulolerana a glucose (OGTT)
Yesani ndi 75 g shuga
Sipinda yotseka
Katundu wa shuga

Kodi kuyesedwa kwa glucose ndi kotani?

Kuzindikira matenda otsatirawa:

• Matenda a shuga (shuga yotsalira, kulolerana kwa shuga)

• Matenda a shuga oyembekezera

Ndani angayikidwe GTT?

• Kupeza shuga yam'mbuyo yokhala ndi glucose okwera kwambiri

• Kupeza shuga wakale ndi glucose wabwinobwino, koma ndi zinthu zomwe zingayambitse matenda ashuga (kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri, chibadwa chokhudzana ndi matenda ashuga, matenda oopsa, matenda ashuga, etc.)

Aliyense ali ndi zaka 45

• Kupeza matenda a shuga kwa milungu 24-28 ya bere

Kodi malamulo oyesa ndi ati?

Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumachitika m'mawa, mwamphamvu pamimba yopanda kanthu, mutatha kusala usiku kwa maola 10-12. Mutha kumwa madzi mukasala kudya.
Chakudya chamadzulo chomaliza chikuyenera kukhala ndi 30-50 g yama chakudya. Madzulo a phunziroli, osachepera masiku atatu mayeso anu musanayesedwe, muyenera kudya mokwanira, osatsata zakudya ndipo musadzipatse mankhwala. Pankhaniyi, zakudya zanu zimayenera kukhala ndi mafuta osachepera 150 g patsiku. Zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, mkate, mpunga, chimanga ndi magwero abwino a chakudya.
Mutatenga magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu (mfundo yoyamba), muyenera kumwa njira yapadera. Amakonzedwa kuchokera ku 75 g ya shuga wa glucose ndi 250-300 ml yamadzi. Muyenera kumwa yankho pang'onopang'ono, osati mwachangu kuposa mphindi 5.

Kwa ana, yankho limakonzedwa mosiyanasiyana - 1.75 g ya glucose ufa pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa thupi, koma osaposa 75 g. Mungafunse: Kodi ana amayesedwa ndi shuga? Inde, pali zisonyezo za GTT mwa ana kuti adziwe matenda amtundu wa 2.
Maola 2 mutachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, i.e. mutatha kumwa shuga, muyeso wachiwiri wamagazi umachitika (mfundo yachiwiri).
Chonde dziwani: panthawi yoyesedwa simungathe kusuta. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito maola awiriwa mumakhazikika (mwachitsanzo, kuwerenga buku).
Kuyesedwa kuyenera kuchitika pa plousma ya venous. Lumikizanani ndi anamwino anu kapena dokotala ngati mwaperekedwa kuti mupereke magazi kuchokera pachala.
Mukamapangira GTT kwa amayi apakati kwa milungu 24-28, mfundo ina imawonjezeredwa kuti mupeze matenda a shuga. Kuyesa kwa magazi kumachitika pambuyo pa ola limodzi pambuyo pobweza shuga. Ndikutenga kuti amatenga magazi katatu: pamimba yopanda kanthu, pambuyo pa ola limodzi ndi 2 maola awiri.

Zochitika pamene kuyezetsa kwa glucose sikuyenera kuchitika:

• Potengera komwe kudwala matenda owopsa - otupa kapena opatsirana. Pakadwala, thupi lathu limalimbana nawo pogwiritsa ntchito mahomoni - ma insulin antagonists. Izi zingayambitse kuchuluka kwa glucose, koma kwakanthawi. Kuyesa kwamatenda owopsa mwina sikungakhale kolondola.

• Poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwakanthawi kochepa komwe kumapangitsa shuga wamagazi (glucocorticoids, beta-blockers, thiazide diuretics, mahomoni a chithokomiro). Ngati mumwa mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali, mutha kuyezetsa.

Zotsatira zakuyesa venous plasma:

Zizindikiro ziti za GTT ndizabwinobwino?

Kodi mayeso ololera wama glucose amachitika bwanji (malangizo, zolembedwa)

Zoposa theka la zakudya zomwe anthu ambiri amakhala ndi zomanga thupi, amazilowetsa m'matumbo am'mimba ndikutulutsidwa m'magazi ngati glucose. Kuyeserera kwa glucose kumatipatsa chidziwitso kufikira kuchuluka kwake komanso momwe thupi lathu limatha kuthira shuga, kuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati mphamvu pa ntchito ya minofu.

Kanema (dinani kusewera).

Mawu oti "kulolerana" pamenepa amatanthauza momwe maselo amthupi lathu amatha kuperekera shuga. Kuyeza koyenera panthawi yake kumatha kupewa matenda ashuga komanso matenda angapo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a metabolic. Phunziroli ndi losavuta, koma lothandiza komanso lili ndi zotsutsana pang'ono.

Amaloledwa kwa anthu onse azaka zopitilira 14, ndipo panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati nthawi zambiri amakakamizidwa ndipo amachitika kamodzi pagomelo la mwana.

Ubwino wa mayeso a glucose kulolerana (GTT) umakhala pakupimitsa shuga wamagazi koyamba: koyamba ndikusowa kwa shuga - pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye - patapita kanthawi shuga atalowa m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, munthu amatha kuwona ngati maselo amthupi amachizindikira komanso kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe amafunikira. Ngati miyeso imakhala pafupipafupi, ndizothekanso kumanga chopondera (shuga), chomwe chikuwonetsa kuphwanya konse komwe kungachitike.

Nthawi zambiri, kwa GTT, shuga amatengedwa pakamwa, ndiye kuti, amamwa yankho lake. Njirayi ndiyachilengedwe kwambiri ndipo imawonetsera kutembenuka kwa shuga m'thupi la wodwala pambuyo, mwachitsanzo, mchere wambiri. Glucose imathanso kubayidwa mwachindunji mu mtsempha mwa jakisoni. Mothandizidwa ndi mtsempha wamagazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakuchitika mayeso a glucose osaloledwa - vuto la poizoni ndi kusanza, panthawi ya poizoni nthawi yapakati, komanso matenda am'mimba ndi matumbo omwe amapotoza njira zamkamwa kulowa m'magazi.

Cholinga chachikulu cha mayeserowa ndikupewa kusokonezeka kwa metabolic komanso kupewa kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutenga kuyesa kwa glucose kwa anthu onse omwe ali pachiwopsezo, komanso kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda, omwe amayamba omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali, koma shuga amawonjezeka pang'ono:

onenepa kwambiri, BMI,
kuthamanga kwa matenda oopsa, momwe kuthinana kuli pamwamba pa 140/90 kwambiri masana,
matenda ophatikizika omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a metabolic, monga gout,
Dziwani kuti vasoconstriction chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ndi zolembedwa pamakoma awo amkati,
amaganiza metabolic syndrome,
matenda a chiwindi
mwa azimayi - ovomerezeka ya polycystic, atatha padera, kusokonezedwa, kubadwa kwa mwana wamkulu kwambiri, matenda a shuga a m'mimba,
kulolerana kwa shuga kuti mudziwe zamphamvu za matendawa,
pafupipafupi zotupa mumkamwa ndi pakhungu.
kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, chomwe sichidziwika,
kutenga okodzetsa, estrogen, glucocorticoids wopitilira chaka chimodzi,
shuga mellitus kapena metabolic syndrome wotsatira abale - makolo ndi abale,
hyperglycemia, yodziwika nthawi imodzi pamavuto kapena kudwala kwambiri.

Dokotala wothandizira, dokotala wabanja, endocrinologist, ndipo ngakhale dokotala wamankhwala amatha kupatsa mayeso okhudzana ndi glucose - zonsezi zimatengera ndi katswiri uti yemwe amakayikira kuti wodwalayo wayamba kudwala matenda a shuga.

Kuyesaku kumayima ngati, pamimba yopanda kanthu, kuchuluka kwa shuga mkati mwake (GLU) kupitirira gawo la 11.1 mmol / L. Kuchulukitsa kwa maswiti pamkhalidwe uwu ndiwowopsa, kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa khungu ndipo kungayambitse kuperewera kwa hyperglycemic.

Zotsatira za kuyeserera kwa glucose:

Mu matenda opatsirana kapena otupa.
Munthawi yomaliza ya mimba, makamaka pakatha milungu 32.
Ana osakwana zaka 14.
Mu nthawi ya kuchuluka kwa matenda kapamba.
Pamaso pa endocrine matenda omwe amachititsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi: Matenda a Cushing, kuchuluka kwa chithokomiro, acromegaly, pheochromocytoma.
Mukumwa mankhwala omwe amatha kupotoza zotsatira zoyeserera - mahomoni a steroid, ma COC, okodzetsa kuchokera ku gulu la hydrochlorothiazide, diacarb, ena antiepileptic mankhwala.

M'masitolo ogulitsa mankhwala ndi zida zamankhwala mungagule njira yothetsera shuga, ndi ma glucometer okwera mtengo, komanso mawunikidwe apadera azomwe amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa magazi a 5-6. Ngakhale izi, kuyesa kwa kulolera kwa glucose kunyumba, popanda kuyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala, nkoletsedwa. Choyamba, kudziyimira pawokha kumatha kuyipa kwambiri mpaka ambulansi.

Kachiwiri, kulondola kwa zida zonse zosunthika sikokwanira pakuwunikira, chifukwa chake, zidziwitso zomwe zimapezeka mu labotale zimatha kusiyanasiyana. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito izi kuti mupeze shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso mutatha kuthira shuga wachilengedwe - chakudya choyenera. Ndikosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga pamagazi ndikupanga zakudya zanu popewa matenda ashuga kapena chiphuphu chake.

Ndiosafunikanso kuyesa mayeso okhudzana ndi shuga komanso mkatikati mwa glucose nthawi zambiri, chifukwa ndiovuta kwambiri kapamba ndipo ngati amachitidwa pafupipafupi, angayambitse kufooka.

Mukadutsa mayeso, muyeso woyamba wa glucose umachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Zotsatira izi zimawerengedwa momwe mulingo womwe miyezo yotsala ikuyerekeza. Zizindikiro zachiwiri ndi zotsatirazi zimatengera kukhazikitsidwa koyenera kwa glucose komanso kulondola kwa zida zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Sitingathe kuwalimbikitsa. Koma kudalirika kwa muyeso woyamba odwala nawonso ali ndi udindo wonse. Zifukwa zingapo zimatha kupotoza zotsatira, chifukwa chake kukonzekera GTT kuyenera kuperekedwa mwachidwi.

Kusavomerezeka kwa zomwe zapezedwa kungayambitse:

Mowa patsiku lamaphunziro.
Kutsegula m'mimba, kutentha kwambiri, kapena kumwa madzi osakwanira zomwe zapangitsa kuti madzi atheretu.
Kugwira ntchito molimbika kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa masiku atatu mayeso asanakwane.
Kusintha kwakukulu m'zakudya, makamaka zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kuletsedwa kwa chakudya cham'mimba, njala.
Kusuta usiku komanso m'mawa pamaso pa GTT.
Zinthu zovuta.
Kuzizira, kuphatikiza mapapo.
Njira zobwezeretsanso thupi m'thupi latha.
Kupumula kwa kugona kapena kuchepa kwambiri kwa zolimbitsa thupi.

Mukalandira chiphaso choti aunikize dokotala, ndikofunikira kudziwitsa onse omwe atengedwa, kuphatikizapo mavitamini ndi uchembere wabwino. Adzasankha omwe ati aletsedwe masiku atatu GTT isanachitike. Nthawi zambiri mankhwalawa amachepetsa shuga, njira zakulera komanso mankhwala ena a mahomoni.

Ngakhale kuti mayeso ololera wa glucose ndi ophweka kwambiri, a labotale ayenera kukhala ndi pafupifupi maola awiri, pomwe kusintha kwa shuga kudzawunikiridwa. Kupita kokayenda nthawi ino sikugwira ntchito, chifukwa kuyang'anira antchito ndikofunikira. Odwala nthawi zambiri amafunsidwa kuti ayembekezere pabenchi muholo yolembera. Kusewera masewera osangalatsa pafoni sikulinso koyenera - kusintha kwa malingaliro kumatha kukhudza kutulutsa kwa glucose. Kusankha kwabwino kwambiri ndi buku lazidziwitso.

Njira zodziwira kulolerana ndi shuga:

Wopereka magazi oyamba amachitika m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu. Nthawi yomwe idadutsa kuchokera kumapeto komaliza imakhala yoyendetsedwa bwino. Sipayenera kukhala ochepera maola 8, kuti mafuta ogwiritsidwira ntchito azitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo osaposa 14, kuti thupi lisayambe kufa ndi njala ndikupeza shuga m'magulu osagwirizana.
Katundu wa glucose ndi kapu yamadzi okoma omwe amafunikira kuledzera mkati mwa mphindi 5. Kuchuluka kwa shuga mkati mwake kumatsimikiziridwa mosasamala payekhapayekha. Nthawi zambiri, 85 g ya glucose monohydrate imasungunuka m'madzi, yomwe imagwirizana ndi 75 magalamu oyera. Kwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 14-18, katundu wofunikira amawerengedwa malinga ndi kulemera kwawo - 1.75 g ya glucose yoyera pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera. Ndilemera kupitirira 43 makilogalamu, mwachizolowezi wamkulu mankhwala amaloledwa. Kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri, katunduyo amawonjezeka mpaka kufika pa 100. Mothandizidwa ndi mafinya, gawo la glucose limachepetsedwa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kukumbukira kuchepa kwake pakugaya.
Bwerezani kangapo magazi kanthawi 4 - theka lililonse mukatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ndi mphamvu yochepetsera shuga, ndizotheka kuwerengera kuphwanya kwake kagayidwe. Ma labotor ena amatenga magazi kawiri - pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso pambuyo pa maola awiri. Zotsatira zakuwunika kotereku zitha kukhala zosadalirika. Ngati shuga wambiri m'magazi amapezeka nthawi yoyamba ija, imakhalabe yosalembetsedwa.

Chidziwitso chosangalatsa - mu madzi otsekemera onjezerani citric acid kapena ingopatsani kagawo ka mandimu. Kodi ndimu ndi chifukwa chiyani zimakhudza kuyeserera kwa glucose? Zilibe phindu lililonse pamlingo wa shuga, koma zimakupatsani mwayi wambiri kuti muchepetse nseru pambuyo pa kudya kamodzi kwa chakudya chochuluka.

Pakadali pano, pafupifupi palibe magazi omwe amatengedwa kuchokera pachala. M'mabotolo amakono, muyezo wogwira ntchito ndi magazi a venous. Mukamasanthula, zotsatira zake zimakhala zolondola, chifukwa siziphatikizidwa ndi madzi am'mimba ndi zamitsempha, ngati magazi a capillary kuchokera pachala. Masiku ano, mpanda kuchokera pamitsempha sutayika ngakhale pakuwonongeka kwa ndondomekoyi - singano zowongolera ndi laser zimapangitsa kupweteka kukhala kosapweteka.

Mukatenga magazi kuti muyeze mayeso a shuga, amaikidwa m'matumba apadera omwe amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala osungira. Njira yabwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira za vacuum, momwe magazi amayenda mofananamo chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mapanikizidwe. Izi zimapewa kuwonongedwa kwa maselo ofiira am'magazi komanso mapangidwe ena, omwe amatha kupotoza zotsatira zoyesedwa kapenanso kupangitsa kuti kusatheka kuchitike.

Ntchito ya othandizira ma labour pakadali pano ndi kupewa kuwonongeka kwa magazi - makutidwe ndi okosijeni, glycolysis ndi kuphwanya. Pofuna kupewa kukhathamiritsa kwa glucose, sodium fluoride ili mumachubu. Ma ions a fluoride mmenemo amateteza kuwonongeka kwa molekyu ya glucose. Zosintha mu hemoglobin ya glycated zimapetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito machubu ozizira kenako ndikuyika zitsanzozo kuzizira. Monga anticoagulants, EDTU kapena sodium citrate imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kenako chubu choyesera chimayikidwa mu centrifuge, imagawa magazi kukhala madzi a m'magazi ndi zinthu zina. Plasma imasinthidwa kukhala chubu yatsopano, ndipo kutsimikiza kwa glucose kudzachitika mmenemo. Njira zambiri zakonzedwera cholinga ichi, koma ziwiri mwa izo tsopano zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabotolo: glucose oxidase ndi hexokinase. Njira zonsezi ndi za enzymatic; zochita zawo zimatengera kapangidwe kazinthu kamphamvu kamene kamapanga michere. Zinthu zomwe zimapezeka chifukwa cha izi zimawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito biochemical Photometer kapena pa automatic analysis. Njira yoyeserera komanso yokhazikika yoyeserera magazi imakuthandizani kuti mupeze deta yodalirika pazomwe zimapangidwira, yerekezerani zotsatira kuchokera m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndikugwiritsa ntchito miyezo yodziwika mumagulu a shuga.

Glucose miyeso yoyambirira yoyeserera magazi ndi GTT

Njira ndi kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira za kuyesa kwa glucose

Munkhaniyi muphunzira:

Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga padziko lapansi pazaka 10 zapitazi kwachulukanso. Kukula kofulumira kotereku kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kwadzetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa UN Resolution on Diabetes ndikulimbikitsa ku mayiko onse kuti apange miyezo yodziwira ndi kulandira mankhwala. Chiyeso chololera glucose ndi gawo limodzi mwa njira yodziwira matenda a shuga. Malinga ndi chizindikiro ichi, akunena za kupezeka kapena kusapezeka kwa matenda mwa munthu.

Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumatha kuchitika pakamwa (mwa kumwa njira ya shuga mwachindunji ndi wodwalayo) komanso kudzera m'mitsempha. Njira yachiwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Kuyesedwa pakamwa ndikubwino.

Ndizodziwika kuti insulini yam'madzi imamanga glucose m'magazi ndikupereka gawo lililonse la thupi, malinga ndi mphamvu ya chinthu chimodzi kapena china. Ngati munthu alibe insulin yokwanira (mtundu 1 matenda a shuga), kapena amapangidwa mwanjira inayake, koma mphamvu yake ya shuga imalephera (mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga), ndiye kuti kulekerera kumawonetsera kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Zochita za insulin pa khungu

Kusavuta pochita kupha, komanso kupezeka konse, kumapangitsa kuti aliyense yemwe akukayikira kukayika kwamoto kagayidwe kabwino apite kuchipatala.

Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumachitika kwakukulu kuti azindikire matenda a prediabetes. Kutsimikizira matenda a shuga, sikuti nthawi zonse kumakhala kofunika kuti mumayese nkhawa, ndikokwanira kukhala ndi shuga imodzi mumagazi okhazikitsidwa mu labotale.

Pali milandu yambiri pakafunika kupereka kuyesa kwa glucose kwa munthu:

pali zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, koma, zoyeserera zasayansi yotsimikizira sizikutsimikizira matendawo,
matenda obadwa nawo amtundu (amayi kapena abambo ali ndi nthendayi),
kusala kudya kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwezedwa pang'ono kuchokera pachizolowezi, koma palibe zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga,
glucosuria (kukhalapo kwa glucose mkodzo),
onenepa kwambiri
glucose kulolerana kumachitika mu ana ngati pali tsogolo la matendawa ndipo pakubadwa mwana anali ndi kulemera koposa 4.5 kg, komanso ali ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi pakukula,
amayi apakati amakhala mu trimester yachiwiri, yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu,
pafupipafupi komanso mobwerezabwereza matenda pakhungu, pamlomo wamkamwa kapena kuwachiritsa kwakanthawi kwamabala.

Ma contraindication apadera omwe kuyesa kwa glucose sangathe kuchita:

zinthu zadzidzidzi (stroke, kugunda kwa mtima), kuvulala kapena opaleshoni,
wotchedwa shuga mellitus,
matenda pachimake (kapamba, gastritis mu pachimake gawo, colitis, matenda kupuma pachimake ndi ena),
kumwa mankhwala omwe amasintha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti musanayese mayeso ololera a glucose, kukonzekera kosavuta koma kofunikira kumafunika. Zotsatirazi ziyenera kuonedwa:

kuyeserera kwa glucose kumachitika kokha motsutsana ndi maziko a munthu wathanzi,
magazi amaperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu (chakudya chotsiriza chisanachitike kusanthula ayenera kukhala osachepera maola 8-10),
ndikosafunikira kutsuka mano anu ndikugwiritsa ntchito chingamu musanawunike (kutafuna chingamu ndi mano) kumatha kukhala ndi shuga yochepa yomwe imayamba kuyamwa kale pamlomo wamkati, chifukwa chake, zotsatira zake zitha kutumphuka mwachinyengo),
kumwa mowa ndikosayenera patsiku lamayeso ndipo kusuta kumachotsedwa,
Tisanayesedwe, muyenera kutsogolera moyo wanu wabwinobwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupsinjika kapena zovuta zina zamaganizidwe osayenera,
ndizoletsedwa kuchita izi poyesa kumwa mankhwala (mankhwalawa amatha kusintha zotsatira zoyesa).

Kusanthula kumeneku kumachitika m'chipatala moyang'aniridwa ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala ndipo ndi motere:

m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu, wodwalayo amatenga magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha ndikuwona kuchuluka kwa glucose mmenemo.
wodwalayo amapatsidwa kumwa magalamu 75 a glucose wosungunuka mu 300 ml ya madzi oyera (kwa ana, shuga umasungunuka pamtunda wa magalamu 1.75 pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera kwa thupi),
Patatha maora 2 mutamwa shuga, onani kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi,
yang'anani kusintha kwa shuga mumagazi malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso.

Ndikofunikira kuti zotsatira zosatsutsika, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatsimikizika nthawi yomweyo m'magazi omwe adatengedwa. Simalola kuumitsa, kunyamula kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kukhazikika firiji kwa nthawi yayitali.

Yesani zotsatilapo ndi zoyenera zomwe munthu wathanzi ayenera kukhala nazo.

Kulekerera kwa shuga wambiri ndi kusala kudya kwa shuga ndi prediabetes. Pankhaniyi, kungoyeserera kwa glucose kokha komwe kungathandize kudziwa tsogolo la matenda ashuga.

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga ndi chizindikiritso chofunikira chazindikiritso cha kakulidwe ka matenda ashuga mwa mayi wapakati (shuga ya gestational). M'makiriniki ambiri a azimayi, adaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wovomerezeka wa njira zowunikira ndipo akuwonetsedwa kwa amayi onse apakati, komanso kutsimikiza mtima kosala magazi. Koma, nthawi zambiri, imachitidwa molingana ndi zisonyezo zomwezo monga azimayi osabereka.

Pokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa magwiridwe amtundu wa endocrine komanso kusintha kwa mahomoni, azimayi oyembekezera ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga. Kuopseza kwa izi sikuti kwa mayi yekha, komanso kwa mwana wosabadwa.

Ngati magazi a mayiyo ali ndi shuga wambiri, ndiye kuti alowa m'mimba mwa mayi. Glucose owonjezera amatsogolera kubadwa kwa mwana wamkulu (wopitilira 4-4,5 kg), chizolowezi cha matenda ashuga komanso kuwonongeka kwamanjenje. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zochitika zapadera pomwe mimba imatha kutha msanga kapena kubereka.

Kutanthauzira kwa zoyeserera zomwe mwapeza zikuwonetsedwa pansipa.

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kwa glucose kunaphatikizidwa mu miyezo yoperekera chithandizo chapadera cha odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti odwala onse omwe akuyembekezeka kukhala ndi matenda ashuga kapena omwe ali ndi matenda okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga amupeze kwaulere pansi pa lamulo la inshuwaransi yachipatala.

Zambiri pazomwe zimathandizidwazo zimapangitsa kukhazikitsa matenda poyambira kukula kwa matendawa ndikuyamba kudziletsa pakapita nthawi. Matenda a shuga ndi njira yoyenera kuchitengera. Kutalika kwa moyo ndi matenda amtunduwu tsopano kumadalira wodwala iyemwini, kulanga kwake komanso kukhazikitsa koyenera kwamalangizo a akatswiri.

Kuyesererapo kwa glucose (mayeso a glucose kulolerana) ndi njira yofufuzira yomwe imazindikira kuti chiwopsezo cha glucose chikuvuta ndipo magawo oyambilira amapangitsa kuti azindikire boma lomwe limayambitsa matenda ndi matenda - shuga. Zimachitikanso pa nthawi yoyembekezera ndipo imakonzekeranso njirayi.

Pali njira zingapo zothandizira kuyambitsa shuga m'thupi:

pakamwa, kapena pakamwa, pakumwa njira yothetsera mavuto ena,
kudzera m'mitsempha, kapena ndi dontho kapena jakisoni mu mtsempha.

Cholinga cha mayeso ololera a glucose ndi:

chitsimikiziro cha matenda a shuga,
matenda a hypoglycemia,
matenda a shuga a malabsorption mu lumen wa m'mimba.

Asanatero, adotolo amayenera kukambirana ndi wodwalayo. Fotokozerani mwatsatanetsatane kukonzekera ndikuyankha mafunso onse achidwi. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa aliyense ndi kosiyana, chifukwa chake muyenera kuphunzira zam'mbuyomu.

Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, kuyezetsa magazi sikuchitidwa ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose musanadye kupitirira 7 mmol / L.

Komanso pa nthawi ya pakati, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kukhathamiritsa kwa glucose mu njira yomwe ingamwe kumwa. Mu trimester yachitatu, kugwiritsa ntchito 75 mg ndi kosavomerezeka, chifukwa zimakhudza thanzi la mwana.

Nthawi zambiri, zotsatira zimaperekedwa poyesa kulekerera, komwe kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya glucose. Pali zotsatira zitatu zomaliza, malinga ndi momwe matendawo amaperekera.

Kulekerera kwa glucose ndikwabwino. Amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a venous kapena capillary patatha maola awiri kuchokera poyambira phunzirolo, osapitirira 7.7 mmol / L. Ichi ndiye chizolowezi.
Kulekerera kwa shuga. Amadziwika ndi mfundo kuchokera pa 7.7 mpaka 11 mmol / l maola awiri atatha kumwa moledzera.
Matenda a shuga. Zotsatira zake pamenepa ndi zapamwamba kuposa 11 mmol / l pambuyo maola 2 ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira ya shuga yamlomo.

Kulephera kutsatira malamulo okhudzana ndi zakudya komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kupatuka kulikonse pazoletsa zomwe zikufunika kumabweretsa kusintha pazotsatira zoyeserera za glucose. Ndi zotsatira zina, kuzindikira kolakwika ndikotheka, ngakhale kwenikweni kulibe matenda.
Matenda opatsirana, kuzizira, kulekerera panthawi ya njirayi, kapena masiku angapo zisanachitike.
Mimba
M'badwo. Zaka zopuma pantchito (zaka 50) ndizofunikira kwambiri. Chaka chilichonse, kulolera kwa glucose kumachepa, zomwe zimakhudza zotsatira za mayeso. Umu ndi momwe zimakhalira, koma ndikofunikira kuganizira posankha zotsatira.
Kukana kwa chakudya chamafuta kwakanthawi (matenda, zakudya). Kapamba, osagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza insulin ya glucose, samatha kusintha mwachangu kuwonjezeka kwakuthwa kwa glucose.

Matenda a shuga a Gestational ndimkhalidwe wofanana ndi matenda a shuga omwe amapezeka nthawi yapakati. Komabe, pali kuthekera kwakuti zinthu zidzakhalabe pambuyo pobadwa kwa mwana. Izi sizachidziwikire, ndipo shuga ngati imeneyi ali ndi pakati imatha kusokoneza thanzi la mwana komanso mayi.

Matenda a shuga ochitika m'magazi amalumikizidwa ndi mahomoni omwe amatulutsidwa ndi placenta, kotero, ngakhale kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa glucose sikuyenera kuzindikirika ngati sizomwe zimachitika.

Kuyesedwa kwa glucose pakumeta sikunachitike kuposa sabata 24. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe kuyesa koyambirira kungatheke:

kunenepa
kupezeka kwa abale omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2,
kuwonekera kwa mkodzo
oyambirira kapena amakono kagayidwe kazakudya matenda.

Kuyesa kwa glucose sikumachitika ndi:

toxosis woyambirira
kulephera kutuluka pabedi
matenda opatsirana
kuchuluka kwa kapamba.

Kuyesedwa kwa glucose ndi njira yodalirika kwambiri yofufuzira, malinga ndi zotsatira zomwe titha kunena molondola zokhudzana ndi kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga, zomwe zimayambitsa chidwi chake kapena kusakhalapo kwake. Nthawi yapakati, azimayi 7-11% azimayi onse amakhala ndi matenda ashuga, omwe amafunikanso kuphunzira. Kuyesa mayeso okhudzana ndi glucose pambuyo pa zaka 40 ndikofunika zaka zitatu zilizonse, ndipo ngati pali vuto lotsogolera, nthawi zambiri.

Momwe mungayesere mayesedwe a glucose - zikuwonetsa pofufuza ndi kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira

Zotsatira za kuperewera kwa vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kwa akazi ndi abambo zimatha kukhala kuphwanya mapangidwe a insulin, omwe amadziwika ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga, motero ndikofunikira nthawi ndi nthawi kutenga magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha kuti mupange mayeso okhudzana ndi shuga. Pambuyo podziwitsa zomwe zikuwonetsa, kupezeka kwa matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga kapena matenda osokoneza bongo mwa amayi apakati kumayikidwa kapena kutsutsidwanso. Dziwani bwino pokonzekera kuwunikira, momwe mungapangire mayeso, ndi kutanthauzira kwa zizindikirazo.

Mayeso a Glucose kulolerana (GTT) kapena njira yolekerera shuga ndi njira zina zowunikira zomwe zimathandizira kuzindikira momwe thupi limafunira shuga. Ndi chithandizo chake, chizolowezi cha matenda ashuga, kukayikira kwa matenda oyamba kutsimikizika. Kutengera ndi zolozera, mutha kulowererapo nthawi ndikuchotsa zoopseza. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mayeso:

Kulekerera kwa glucose kapena pakamwa - kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachitika patangopita mphindi zochepa pambuyo pakupereka magazi koyamba, wodwalayo amafunsidwa kuti amwe madzi otsekemera.
Mitsempha - ngati nkosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito madzi mosazungulira, imayendetsedwa kudzera m'mitsempha. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi toxosis yayikulu, odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la m'mimba.

Odwala omwe ali ndi zotsatirazi atha kulandiridwa kuchokera kwa katswiri wamkulu, dokotala wazamankhwala, endocrinologist kuti akayeze mayeso okhudzana ndi glucose panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati kapena akuyembekezeredwa matenda a shuga.

akufungidwa mtundu 2 shuga
kupezeka kwenikweni kwa matenda ashuga,
Kusankha ndi kusintha kwamankhwala
ngati mukukayikira kapena mukudwala matenda ashuga,
prediabetes
kagayidwe kachakudya matenda
cholakwika cha kapamba, ndulu za adrenal, England
kulolerana kwa shuga,
kunenepa kwambiri, matenda a endocrine,
shuga kudzisamalira.

Ngati dotolo akukaikira imodzi mwaz matenda omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, amapereka njira yowunikira shuga wololera. Njira yakuwonetserayi ndi yachindunji, yopanda chidwi komanso "yodyeka." Iyenera kukonzekera mosamala, kuti musapeze zotsatira zabodza, kenako, limodzi ndi adotolo, sankhani chithandizo chotsani zoopsa ndi zovuta zomwe zingayambike, zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Tisanayesedwe, muyenera kukonzekera mosamala. Kukonzekera kudzaphatikizapo:

choletsa mowa kwa masiku angapo,
musasute tsiku la kusanthula,
uzani adotolo za kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi,
osamadya zakudya zotsekemera patsiku, osamwa madzi ambiri patsiku la kusanthula, kutsatira zakudya zoyenera,
ganizirani nkhawa
osayesa matenda opatsirana, matenda a postoperative,
kwa masiku atatu, kusiya kumwa mankhwala: kutsitsa-shuga, mahomoni, zolimbikitsa kagayidwe, kukhumudwitsa psyche.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumatenga maola awiri, chifukwa panthawiyi ndizotheka kusonkha zambiri za kuchuluka kwa glycemia m'magazi. Gawo loyamba la mayesowo ndi magazi, omwe amayenera kuchitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Njala imatenga maola 8-12, koma osapitirira 14, apo ayi pali chiwopsezo cha zotsatira zosadalirika za GTT. Amayesedwa m'mawa kuti athe kutsimikizira kukula kapena kuchepa kwa zotsatirazo.

Gawo lachiwiri ndi kudya glucose. Wodwalayo amamwa madzi otsekemera kapena amapatsidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mlandu wachiwiri, njira yapadera ya 50% ya shuga imaperekedwa pang'onopang'ono kwa mphindi 2-4. Pokonzekera, madzi amchere omwe ali ndi 25 g ya glucose amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kwa ana, yankho limakonzedwa pamlingo wa 0,5 g pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa thupi mwazonse, koma osapitirira 75. Kenako amapereka magazi.

Ndi kuyezetsa pakamwa, m'mphindi zisanu munthu amamwa 250-300 ml ya madzi ofunda, otsekemera okhala ndi 75 g shuga. Amimba kusungunuka chimodzimodzi magalamu 75-100. Kwa asthmatics, odwala omwe ali ndi angina pectoris, stroke kapena vuto la mtima, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti atenge magalamu 20 okha.

Pomaliza, kuyezetsa magazi mobwerezabwereza kumachitika. Popita ola limodzi, magazi amakokedwa kangapo kuchokera m'mitsempha kuti awone kusinthasintha kwa milingo ya shuga. Malinga ndi zomwe adapeza, malingaliro apangidwa kale, kuzindikira kukuchitika. Kuyesedwa nthawi zonse kumafunanso kuyambiranso, makamaka ngati kumapereka zotsatira zabwino, ndipo koloko ya shuga ikuwonetsa magawo a shuga. Kusanthula kuyenera kuyikidwa ndi dokotala.

Kutengera zotsatira za kuyesedwa kwa shuga, kupindika kwa shuga kumatsimikiziridwa, komwe kumawonetsa mkhalidwe wa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Mulingo wake ndi 5.5-6 mmol pa lita imodzi ya magazi a capillary ndi 6.1-7 venous. Zowonjezera za shuga pamwambapa zimawonetsa prediabetes komanso kufatsa kwa glucose kosatha, vuto la kapamba. Ndi zizindikiro za 7.8-11.1 kuchokera pachala ndi kupitirira 8.6 mmol pa lita imodzi kuchokera mu mtsempha, matenda a shuga amapezeka. Ngati, pambuyo pa kuyezetsa magazi koyambirira, kuchuluka kwa 7.8 kuchokera pachala ndi 11.1 kuchokera mu mtsempha, ndizoletsedwa kuyesa chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi.

Zotsatira zoyipa (kuthamanga kwambiri mwaumoyo wathanzi) ndizotheka kupumula pabedi kapena mutatha kudya nthawi yayitali. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuwerengera zabodza (kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa wodwalayo ndikwabwino) ndi:

malabsorption wa shuga,
Zakudya za hypocaloric - zoletsa mu chakudya kapena chakudya musanayesedwe,
kuchuluka zolimbitsa thupi.

Sizovomerezeka nthawi zonse kuchita mayeso a kulolera glucose. Zotsatira zopitilira mayeso ndi:

kusalolera payekha kuti shuga,
matenda am'mimba thirakiti, kuchuluka kwa kapamba,
pachimake yotupa kapena matenda opatsirana,
toxosis yayikulu,
nthawi yantchito
Kutsatira ndi kugona pabedi wamba.

Pakukonzekera, thupi la mayi wapakati limapanikizika kwambiri, pali kusowa kwa zinthu zina, mchere, mavitamini. Amayi oyembekezera amakhala ndi kadyedwe, koma ena amatha kudya zakudya zochulukirapo, makamaka zopatsa mphamvu, zomwe zimawopseza matenda a shuga a m'mimba (hyperglycemia). Kuti mupeze ndikuletsa, kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumachitidwanso. Pokhala ndikukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magawo lachiwiri, kupindika kwa shuga kukuwonetsa kukula kwa shuga.

Zisonyezero za matendawa zikusonyezedwa: shuga yotsala kuposa 5.3 mmol / l, ola limodzi pambuyo pakulowetsedwa kwambiri kuposa 10, maola awiri pambuyo pake 8.6. Pambuyo pozindikira kuti ali ndi vuto, dokotala amasankha mzimayi wina kuti amuwunikenso kuti amutsimikizire. Pakatsimikiziridwa, chithandizo chimayikidwa kutengera nthawi ya pakati, kubereka kumachitika pakatha masabata 38. Miyezi 1.5 mwana atabadwa, kusanthula kwa shuga kumachitika mobwerezabwereza.

Podolinsky S. G., Martov Yu. B., Martov V. Yu. Matenda a shuga amathandizira opaleshoni ndi othandizanso, mabuku a Medical -, 2008. - 280 p.
Podolinsky S. G., Martov Yu. B., Martov V. Yu. Matenda a shuga amathandizira opaleshoni ndi othandizanso, mabuku a Medical -, 2008. - 280 p.
Boris, Moroz und Elena Khromova Opaleshoni yamafupa pantchito yamano kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo / Boris Moroz und Elena Khromova. - M: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2012 .-- 140 p.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwa zaka zoposa 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka patsamba lino kuti athetse zovuta koma osati ntchito. Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusaitiyi, kufunsana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.