Kuyerekeza Phlebodi 600 ndi Detralex

Zikasankhidwa zomwe zikuyenera kugulidwa - Venarus kapena Detralex, kapena Flebodi 600 - amaphunzira zolemba. Mtundu wa chinthu chogwira umatsimikizira mawonekedwe a mankhwalawa. Fananizani mankhwala molingana ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu: zikuwonetsa, contraindication. Popewa kukula kwa vuto la hypersensitivity, mavuto amathandizidwa pogula mankhwala.

Zikasankhidwa zomwe zikuyenera kugulidwa - Venarus kapena Detralex, kapena Flebodi 600 - amaphunzira zolemba.

Zofanana ndi nyimbo

Mutha kugula mankhwala monga mapiritsi. Venarus, Detralex ndi Phlebodia ali ndi gawo lomwelo - diosmin. Detralex ndi Phlebodia zili ndi chinthu china chachikulu - hesperidin. Zonsezi ndi flavonoids.

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa: angioprotective, venotonic.

Mankhwala omwe amawaganizawa amathandizira kukulitsa mitsempha yamagazi, chifukwa chomwe ma microcirculation amabwezeretsedwa m'malo omwe mapangidwe a makoma a mitsempha amasinthidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, kukana kwa capillaries kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zoyipa kumawonjezeka. Madzi okhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe amadutsa kwambiri kudzera m'makoma awo. Amadziwika kuti zofunikira za magazi m'magazi zimayenda bwino.

Diosmin ndi hesperidin amathandizira kuthetsa kufooka, chifukwa pa mankhwala, kupweteka kwa venous kumatha. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kagayidwe kachakudya mu maselo kamapangidwira. Chifukwa cha izi, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana pamitsempha yamagazi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, kamvekedwe ka mitsempha yamagazi kamatuluka. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muphatikize zotsatira zabwino, zomwe zimapezeka chifukwa cha antispasmodic zotsatira za magawo othandizira.

Flebodiu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamankhwala osiyanasiyana a mtima.

Pamodzi ndi kubwezeretsa kwa ntchito ya mtima, lymphostasis imachotsedwa, ngalande zam'mimba zimayamba kuyenda pang'onopang'ono. Kukonzekera kochokera ku Diosmin kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupewa magazi, mwachitsanzo, munthawi yomweyo kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha intrauterine.

Kulandira mwadongosolo mankhwala omwe amalingaliridwa kumathandizira kuti muchepetse kukula kwa mawonekedwe owoneka ndi venous kuchepa.

Ngati diosmin ndi hesperidin amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo, antioxidant zotsatira zimawonekera. Kuphatikizika uku kumalepheretsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni a zinthu zabwino zopangidwa mwachilengedwe, komanso mankhwala omwe amalowa mthupi kudzera mu chakudya. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwonetsetse kuchuluka kwa minofu yokhala ndi mavitamini, michere.

Metabolism imasinthidwa modabwitsa. Njira zomwe tafotokozazo zimathandizira kukulitsa ntchito yamitsempha yamagazi, chifukwa kutanuka kwa minofu kumabwezeretsedwa, kamvekedwe kamasungidwa pamlingo wokwanira. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino m'matenda a mitsempha kumachepa.

Chifukwa cha flavonoids ophatikizidwa ndi mankhwala awa, kudziphatika kwa leukocytes kumakoma amitsempha yamagazi kumachepetsedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, kusamuka kwawo kupita kumakoma oyimitsa kumalepheretsa. Komabe, zizindikiro za kutupa zimasiya. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito kangapo, awa ndi awa:

  • zotupa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana,
  • venous kusowa
  • lymphostasis
  • Kukhazikika kwa chizindikiro: kupweteka kwa mwendo, kupweteka kwa minofu yofewa, kusintha kwa minyewa, kutupa m'mawa ndikumverera kolemetsa madzulo.

Detralex imalimbikitsa anthu omwe ali ndi venous kuchepa.

Mlingo wapamwamba wa diosmin umathandizira kuthamangitsa kuchira ngati vuto la mtima limasokonekera. Komabe, zotsatira zabwino zimapezekanso munthawi yamankhwala ndikukonzekera komwe kumakhala ndi zinthu ziwiri zogwira ntchito. Izi zikuphatikizapo Venarus, Detralex. Mankhwala omwe amafunsidwa amasiyana m'njira yotulutsidwa. Flebodia 600 ndi Venarus amapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe apiritsi.

Detralex ingagulidwe mwanjira ya mapiritsi ndi kuyimitsidwa kwamlomo.

Kukonzekera kumasiyana mu mtundu wa zigawo. Venarus ili ndi 450 mg ya diosmin ndi 50 mg ya hesperidin. Zomwezo, zomwe zimagwira ndi gawo la Detralex. Phlebodia ndi yosiyana chifukwa imangokhala ndi diosmin pazomwe zimachitika ndi 600 mg.

Kuphatikiza apo, paz ndalama zonse zomwe zawerengedwa, ndi mzinda wa Venarus wokha womwe umapezeka pamapiritsi omwe amatetezedwa ndi chipolopolo. Chifukwa cha izi, kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito m'mimba kumachepa. Zotsatira zake, zinthu zopindulitsa kwambiri zimalowa mu minofu ya mucous, chifukwa zimawonongeka pang'onopang'ono.

Zomwe zili bwino - Venarus, Detralex kapena Phlebodia

Chida chilichonse chimapereka kugwira ntchito kokwanira. Amasiyana mu nyimbo zofananira, chifukwa chake amawonetsera zomwezo. Hesperidin ndi diosmin ndi zinthu zomwe zili m'gulu la flavonoids. Mapangidwe awo amachita ndi zofananira, chifukwa chake, akaphatikiza izi, kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu ya mankhwalawo kumadziwika.

Venarus imakhala ndi hesperidin ndi diosmin, zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwalawa pochiza mitsempha yamagazi.

Venarus ndi Detralex zili ndi zigawo 500 mg za flavonoid. Poyerekeza, Phlebodia ili ndi 600 mg ya diosmin. Flavonoid iyi imagwiranso ntchito zofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizira popanga Venarus ndi Detralex. Poganiza kuti diosmin imapezeka mu mlingo waukulu, imagwira bwino ntchito. Komabe, kuphatikiza mitundu iwiri ya zigawo za flavonoid, mphamvu ya antioxidant imatchulidwanso.

Chifukwa chake, pankhani yogwira ntchito, ndalama zonse zimakhala pamtunda womwewo. Kwa wodwala aliyense, yabwino kwambiri ndi mankhwala omwe samayambitsa kukulitsa mavuto. Pachifukwa ichi, ngati mumakonda kulimbana ndi ziwengo, muyenera kuwunika momwe mankhwala amodzi a Phlebodia komanso kaphatikizidwe ka diosmin, hesperidin amakhudzira thupi.

Kodi ndizotheka kutenga nthawi yomweyo

Popeza kuti zinthu zonse zimakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi - diosmin, ndizosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi. Izi zimawonjezera Mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati mukufuna kusintha mtundu wa mankhwalawo ndi amodzi mwa mankhwalawa chifukwa chakuchepa kwake, ndikokwanira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa omwe mumasankha. Izi zidzathandizira achire zotsatira.

Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa nthawi yomweyo (Venarus, Detralex, Flebodi), tsiku lililonse mlingo udzakhala 3200 mg (poganizira kuti mapiritsi 2 patsiku ayenera kumwedwa malinga ndi chiwembu).

Kuchira kwakanthawi malinga ndi chiwembuchi kungayambitse kuwoneka kwa zizindikiro zosatsata, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa diosmin ndi hesperidin kukhudza katundu wamagazi ndi boma la minofu yamitsempha.

Contraindication mukamagwiritsa ntchito Venarus, Detralex ndi Phlebodia

Mankhwalawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina:

  • Ndi chitukuko cha zoipa hypersensitivity zimachitika chilichonse chigawo kapangidwe,
  • nthawi yodula, chifukwa palibe zidziwitso zokhudzana ndi momwe mankhwalawa amalowera mkaka wa amayi,
  • kwa ana ochepera zaka 18.

Pa nthawi ya pakati, Venarus ndi Detralex ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati phindu lomwe likufunidwa lipitilira kuvulaza komwe kungachitike. Komabe, phlebodia sigwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1st trimester. Zofooka zoterezi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti mankhwalawa ali ndi diosmin yambiri.

Zotsatira zoyipa kuchokera ku Venarus, Detralex ndi Phlebodia

Munthawi yamankhwala a Venarus ndi Detralex, zimachitika motsutsana:

  • chizungulire
  • mutu
  • kuphwanya chopondapo
  • nseru
  • kusanza
  • kufooka wamba
  • minofu kukokana
  • zotupa m'matumbo,
  • kuphwanya kwamapazi dongosolo: kupweteka pachifuwa, zilonda zapakhosi,
  • ziwengo pankhaniyi zimatha kuwonetsa monga dermatitis, urticaria, angioedema.

Phlebodia imathandizira kuti hypersensitivity reaction, dyspeptic disorder (kutentha kwa pamtima, nseru, kupweteka kwam'mimba). Palibe chidziwitso chokhudza kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ochulukirapo pazoperekedwa ndalama. Komabe, ndikusintha kwakukulu mu regimen yamankhwala, pamakhala chiopsezo cholimbikitsa zotsatira zoyipa.

Momwe angatenge

Njira ya mankhwalawa imasankhidwa molingana ndi mtundu wa matenda komanso mtundu wa mankhwalawa. Mwachitsanzo, Venarus ndi Detralex amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofananamo, chifukwa chazomwe analemba:

  • Matenda ambiri a mtima: mapiritsi awiri patsiku, limodzi ndi kumwa koyamba masana, wachiwiri madzulo.
  • ndi zotupa m'mimba nthawi ya kukokoloka: mapiritsi 6 patsiku, ndipo mankhwalawa amatengedwa m'mawa, kumwa kwachiwiri madzulo, pambuyo masiku 4 kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumachepetsa mapiritsi 4, nthawi yoyendetsedwera panthawi imeneyi ndi masiku atatu.

Phlebodia amatengedwa molingana ndi chiwembu china. Mlingo wovomerezeka tsiku lililonse ndi piritsi limodzi patsiku. Imwani mankhwalawa makamaka m'mawa. Ngati zotupa zotupa zimayamba, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumawonjezeka mpaka kumapiritsi atatu. Kutalika kwa maphunzirowa ndi sabata limodzi.

Ndi mitsempha ya varicose

Malinga ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito, mankhwalawa ndi ofanana, chifukwa chake, matendawa, Venarus, Phlebodia kapena Detralex angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ndikofunikira kuganizira momwe thupi limayankhira pakuchiritsa.

Chifukwa chake, Phlebodia imayambitsa zotsatira zoyipa zochepa, mankhwalawa ndiwosavuta kulandira chithandizo, chifukwa piritsi limodzi lokhalo limatha kumwa patsiku.

Ubwino wa Venarus ndi Detralex ndi kuphatikiza kwa diosmin ndi hesperidin, komwe kumathandizira kuchepetsa oxidation pazinthu zopindulitsa, zomwe ndizofunikanso kumitsempha ya varicose, chifukwa chifukwa cha izi, kagayidwe kamapukutira pang'onopang'ono limabwezeretsedwa ndipo mkhalidwe wamakoma otengera umasinthidwa.

Khalidwe Flebodia 600

Kuphatikizika kwa mankhwalawa kumakhala ndi gawo limodzi la diasmin, lomwe lili ndi venotonic. Imakhala ndi zotsutsana ndi kutupa, antioxidant ndi angioprotective.

Mankhwala othandizira amathandizira kuti:

  • kuchepa kwa msanga m'mitsempha,
  • wonjezerani kukana,
  • kutseguka kwa magazi m'magazi,
  • Sinthani ngalande.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, njira zambiri zochizira zimadziwika:

  • kamvekedwe ka venous kamawonjezeka
  • kupanikizika kwamimba kumachepa,
  • magazi amathetsedwa,
  • kutupa kumachepa.

Mankhwalawa amakhudza kwambiri mitsempha ya magazi, kuchepetsa kukana kwawo komanso kuperewera kwa makoma.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, kunyamula kwake mwachangu ndi thupi komanso kugawa m'mitsempha ya minye amadziwika. Achire zotsatira za mankhwalawa amalimbikira kwa masiku angapo.

Flebodi 600 imasankhidwa ngati:

  • zovuta zam'magazi,
  • mitsempha ya varicose
  • kusintha kwamphamvu m'matumbo am'munsi,
  • zotupa m'mimba
  • kumverera kolemetsa m'miyendo
  • thrombophlebitis
  • Zizindikiro za venous kuchepa.

Mlingo ndi mtundu wa mankhwalawa zimadalira kuzindikira.

Mitsempha ya Varicose imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito piritsi limodzi patsiku. Nthawi yovomerezeka imatha kupitilira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Ndi zotupa, mapiritsi atatu amaperekedwa tsiku lililonse. Kutalika kwa chithandizo ndi masiku 7-10. Ngati ndi kotheka, mankhwalawa amawonjezeredwa kwa miyezi iwiri.

Phlebodia imakhudzanso madera amitsempha yamagazi, kuchepetsa kukana kwawo komanso kuperewera kwa makoma.

Pazakudya zosakwanira za 2 ndi 3 za oyamwa, piritsi limodzi patsiku limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chipangizochi chidathekedwa masiku 10 mpaka 10 chibadwa chisanachitike.

Pali malire angapo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa.

  • kusalolera kwa chinthu chogwira ntchito,
  • yoyamwitsa
  • wazaka 18.

Mapiritsi a Phlebodia amaloledwa bwino ndi odwala, zovuta sizowonedwa.

Mankhwalawa, mankhwalawa amatha kusintha, akuwonetseredwa ndi zotupa pakhungu, kutupa, kuyungunuka, komanso redness.

Kuchokera kumbali yamanjenje, kupweteka kwa mutu ndi chizungulire kumatha kuchitika.

Nthawi zina mawonetseredwe a dyspeptic amawonetsedwa ngati mseru, kusanza, kupweteka kwam'mimba, mawonekedwe a halitosis.

Katundu wa Detralex

Mankhwala ndi a phlebotropic mankhwala. Muli 2 yogwira zosakaniza diasmin ndi hesperidin. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsira zimakhala ndi venotonic, angioprotective komanso anti-yotupa.

Mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imatheka chifukwa cha zomwe zimapanga:

  • sinthani kufupika kwa mitsempha,
  • onjezera mawu awo,
  • yambitsa magazi:
  • sinthani zotuluka zam'mimba,
  • limbitsa mitsempha
  • Chotsani kupsinjika ndi kutupa.

Mankhwalawa amathandizira kubwezeretsa zakudya zoyenera zam'matumbo ndikuzikwaniritsa ndi mpweya. Zimalepheretsa kupanga ma free radicals m'magazi.

Hesperidin monga gawo la mankhwalawa amapereka mpumulo wamitsempha yamagazi komanso zolimbitsa antibacterial. Thupi sililola kapangidwe ka histamine.

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Detralex ndi izi:

  • aakulu venous kusowa,
  • zotupa m'mimba
  • kulemera kwa minofu ya ng'ombe.

Mankhwalawa amatchulidwa pakukonzekera opareshoni kapena amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a postousoperative.

Zamankhwala othandizira a Detralex ali ndi venotonic, angioprotective komanso anti-yotupa.

Mapiritsiwo adapangira pakamwa. Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku komanso nthawi yayitali ya mankhwala amatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala aliyense payekha, poganizira mtundu wa matenda.

Ngati kuphwanya kwa venous-lymphatic kutulutsa, piritsi 1 mankhwala 2 kawiri pa tsiku.

Chithandizo cha zotupa m'mimba chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi 6 patsiku, ogaŵikana m'mitundu iwiri. Kutalika kwa mankhwala ndi masiku 5-7. Ngati ndi kotheka, pitilizani mankhwalawa.

Detralex sisonyezanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati:

  • kwambiri varicose mitsempha, limodzi ndi zilonda zam'mimba.
  • tsankho limodzi pazinthu zogwira ntchito,
  • magazi akutaya.

Siphatikizidwapo njira yochiritsira nthawi yoyamwitsa komanso pochiza ana.

Mwa zina zoyipa za mankhwalawa:

  • matenda am'mimba, owonetsedwa ndi kupweteka kwa epigastric zone, nseru, kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe a gasi m'matumbo, chisokonezo cha stool,
  • kukula kwa kufooka
  • kutsitsa magazi
  • mutu ndi chizungulire.

Momwe thupi lawo siligwirizana limayamba kukhala ngati totupa, kuyamwa, kuyabwa komanso kuyaka.

Kuyerekeza Phlebodi 600 ndi Detralex

Musanalandire chithandizo, muyenera kudziwa bwino zamankhwala ndi zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito.

Mankhwalawa onse ali m'gulu la flavanoid. Yomweyo yogwira pophika diasmin imaphatikizidwanso pamaapangidwe awo, chifukwa omwe ali ndi kufanana.

Zizindikiro ndi ma contraindication ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala alinso omwewo.

Mankhwalawa amapereka zovuta zochepa, chifukwa chake amaloledwa mu 2nd ndi 3 trimesters ya mimba. Koma nthawi imeneyi akuyenera kusankhidwa ndi phlebologist kapena gynecologist. Kumayambiriro kwa pakati, mankhwala sagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mankhwala ali ndi mtundu womwewo wamasulidwa, amapangidwa mwanjira ya mapiritsi.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani?

Detralex imakhala ndi choonjezera china chogwira ntchito, hesperidin, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawa azigwira bwino ntchito.

The pazipita kuchuluka kwa phlebodi m'mwazi zimadziwika 5 mawola ntchito. Detralex yapamwamba ikujambulidwa kale maola 2 pambuyo pa kayendetsedwe kake. Kuthiridwa mwachangu kwa mankhwalawa kumachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala opangira zinthu zomwe zimagwira. Amakumana ndi micronization, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zinthu zosweka zomwe zimalowera magazi. Zotsatira zakugwiritsa ntchito Detralex ndizofulumira.

Palinso mawonekedwe a kumwa mankhwala. Flebodia 600 ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti itenge m'mawa asanadye. Detralex nthawi zambiri imayikidwa usana ndi usiku, mapiritsi amatengedwa ndi zakudya.

Angioprotectors amasiyana muyezo.Ngati chithandizo cha Phlebodia chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito piritsi limodzi (600 mg) kamodzi patsiku, ndiye kuti Detralex imatengedwa kawiri patsiku, ndipo tsiku lililonse mlingo wake ndi 1000 mg.

Madokotala amafufuza

Igor (dokotala), wazaka 36, ​​Verkhniy Tagil

Detralex amaphatikizidwa mankhwalawa pachimake thrombosis ya hemorrhoidal mfundo ndi aakulu venous kuchepa. Poyerekeza ndi momwe mankhwalawo amagwiritsidwira ntchito, kuchepa kwa kutupa, kupweteka ndi kutupa zimadziwika. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, zotsatira zoyipa ndizotheka. Kusintha kwa chakudya m'mimba ndi momwe thupi lawo siligwirizana limadziwika. Choyipa chachikulu cha mankhwalawo ndi mtengo wake wokwera.

Svetlana (wothandizira), wazaka 44, Bratsk

Phlebodi 600 imathandizira bwino ndi ma pathologies a venous system. Chida chake ndi chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo chimakupatsani mwayi kuti mupange zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. Poyerekeza ndi ena ofanana, mankhwalawa ali ndi zovuta zochepa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuyenera kuyikidwa kokha ndi dokotala, chifukwa chithandizo nthawi zonse chimakhala chokhachokha ndipo zimatengera chithunzi cha chipatala.

Ndemanga za Odwala za Phlebodi 600 ndi Detralex

Anna, wazaka 45, Samara

Ndi kuchulukana kwa zotupa, proctologist adasankha Detralex kuti athetse zizindikirazo. Malingaliro anathandizidwa, kupweteka kunachepa, kuyabwa kwatha. Tsopano ndimakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ngati njira yodzitetezera 2 pachaka. Chithandizo chotere chimathandiza kupewa kukokomeza. Zoyipa zake zimaphatikizira kulekerera kosavomerezeka kwa mankhwala ndi thupi. Pakudya, zovuta zamagayidwe nthawi zambiri zimawonekera.

Irina, wazaka 39, Alupka

Detralex idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la chithandizo chovuta pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni kuti ichotse mitsempha. Mankhwalawa adagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa miyezi iwiri, zotsatira za kayendetsedwe kake sizinawoneke. Mapiritsi ndiokwera mtengo, ndinawononga ndalama zambiri pachabe.

Nina, wazaka 47, Rostov-on-Don

Phlebodia amamwa ndi mitsempha ya varicose. Ngakhale mankhwalawa ndi okwera mtengo, ndi othandiza komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Nditenga piritsi limodzi m'mawa. Maphunzirowa atatha, ndinamvanso bwino, kutupa kumatha, ndikumva kupepuka m'miyendo yanga, ndinayamba kulolera bwino masewera olimbitsa thupi osatopa kwambiri.

Ndi zotupa m'mimba

Phlebodia amakwiya zolakwika zochepa. Chida ichi sichichita mwankhanza pamatumbo, chofunikira m'matumbo. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa ali ndi mlingo waukulu wa diosmin, ndipo izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupititse patsogolo kuchira. Detralex ndi Venarus zimayambitsa kuphwanya kwa chopondapo, njira zotupa m'matumbo. Pankhaniyi, chikhalidwe cha minofu yokhala ndi zotupa m'mimba pachimake imatha kukula.

Mankhwala Okhala Pamalo a Pharmacy

Ndalama zonse zomwe zimaganiziridwa ndizagulu la mankhwala OTC.

Detralex, Venarus - mankhwalawa amatha kugulidwa pamtengo pamitundu yama 700 rub00. Phlebodia imapezeka pamtengo wokwera kwambiri - mpaka ma ruble 1900. Kusiyana kwa mtengo kumachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa Mlingo wa zosakaniza zogwira ntchito, mtundu wa kumasulidwa kwa mankhwala.

Kusiya Ndemanga Yanu