M'malo mwa shuga mumayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri, matenda ashuga komanso - Alzheimer's

Zokometsera zopanga kapena zotsekemera zapangidwa kuti muchepetse zopatsa mphamvu, kuwongolera kunenepa, komanso kuwongolera mikhalidwe yovuta monga matenda a shuga. Ndipo komabe, anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera zokopa, poganiza kuti motere amatha kupewa matenda ashuga.

Koma pali maphunziro omwe amatsutsa nzeru wamba komanso omwe amawonetsa kuti zotsekemera zomwe zimadziwika zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga.

Liwulo "lochita kupanga" lokha limatanthawuza kuti kusintha mwadala kunapangidwa kuti kupangidwe kwa maselo okoma. "Zopanga" mwanjira ina "ndizopanga", ndiye kuti, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopeza ndalama, pokhapokha mutapangidwa, maselo atsopano omwe mungapeze patent, motero kukhala ndi phindu.

Kuphunzira kwa Sucralose

Kafukufukuyu adachitika ku Medical University of Washington ndi odzipereka okwanira 17 “okhazikika” omwe sanapezeke ndi matenda a shuga. Maphunzirowo adagawika m'magulu awiri.

Mkati mwa sabata loyamba, gulu loyamba limalandira kapu yamadzi tsiku lililonse ndi kagawo ka shuga wama gramu 75, ndipo kwa gulu lachiwiri kapu yamadzi imaperekedwa ndi gawo lodziwika bwino la sopo lotsekemera limasungunuka mkati mwake ndimtundu womwewo wa shuga. Mphindi 90 pambuyo pa kutsata, onse anayesedwa kuti akhale ndi insulin.

Sabata yotsatira, kuyesaku kudabweranso, koma zakumwa zidasinthidwa - iwo omwe amamwa sucralose wosungunuka sabata yoyamba adalandira kapu yamadzi oyera. Maphunziro onse pazochitika zonsezi adatenga shuga wa magalamu 75 a shuga. Ndiponso, mulingo wa insulin uliwonse m'mwazi unakonzedwa ndikujambulidwa.

Ngakhale ndinayesera kosavuta, zotsatira zake zinali zabwino. Zotsatira zake ataziyerekeza, zidapezeka kuti anthu omwe amamwa sucralose kwambiri anali ndi insulin kwambiri poyerekeza ndi 20% kuposa omwe amamwa madzi opanda kanthu. Ndiye kuti, kulumpha mwamphamvu m'magazi a shuga kumatha kubweretsa kuchuluka kwa pancreatic, komwe kumalipiritsa kulumpha kosatsimikizirika uku pakupanga gawo lina la insulin. Ngati kuyesaku kukupitirirabe, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kufooka kwa pancreatic kungayambitse matenda a shuga.

"Zotsatira za kuyesa kwathu zikuwonetsa kuti zonunkhira zowonongeka sizili zovulaza - zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa," akutero wofufuza Janino Pepino.

Zachidziwikire, kuyesaku kukuwonetsa gawo limodzi lokha lazotsatira zoyipa zaumoyo. Kuvulaza kwa okometsera okonza ndi kwakukulu.

Tipitiliza nkhaniyi mtsogolo. Pakadali pano, tiyeni tikambirane ngati pali njira ina "yopangira"? Pali yankho lotsimikizika.

Stevia - chopangidwa mwachilengedwe, njira ina yokometsera zotsekemera

Zonse zomwe zili zofunikira zimaperekedwa kwa ife ndi Amayi a Zachilengedwe. Ndipo zikafika poti ndi wokoma komanso wopanda vuto, popanda kukaikira - uyu ndi Stevia. Sizosadabwitsa kuti kumsika waku Japan, Stevia adakhalako kuyambira 1970 ndipo ndiyemwe amatipweteka kwambiri komanso sothandiza yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zambiri zamafuta.

Chomera ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera, komanso ngati mankhwala kwa zaka 400 ndi amwenye a ku Paraguay. Mu 1899, wa ku Switzerland wa zamankhwala ku Switzerland dzina lake Santiago Bertoni adapita kumeneko ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba adalongosola mwatsatanetsatane. Mu 1931, ma glycosides, mamolekyulu omwe amachititsa kutsekemera kwa mbewu iyi, adasiyanitsidwa ndi Stevia. Zinapezeka kuti chifukwa cha ma stevia glycosides 300 okoma kuposa shuga.

Stevia ndiye pafupifupi lokoma lokhalo lomwe silikhala ndi zovuta, lomwe limakhala lokoma kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga, komanso kwa anthu omwe amatsatira chithunzi chawo. Mutha kuwonjezera zakumwa za stevia mukamakonza zakudya zosiyanasiyana osadandaula za zakudya zopitilira muyeso m'zakudya zanu, chifukwa mosiyana ndi shuga, stevia sichinthu chopanda kalori.

Ogulitsa othandizira shuga amatsimikizira kuti mapiritsi awo ndi ma ufa azikongoletsa motsutsana ndi matenda a shuga, ndikuti katundu wambiri sangapachikidwe m'thupi. Kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi omwe amatsimikizira kuti zonse sizabwino kwambiri kukhala zotsekemera, ndipo m'malo ambiri omwe ali ndi shuga palibe abwenzi abwino kwambiri ochepetsa thupi komanso okonda kudya zakudya zabwino, koma adani awo achinyengo. Kodi likukhalanso kuti m'malo mwa shuga mumapezeka sumu yofanana?

Nzimbe ndi beets zinayamba kukula zochulukirapo, chifukwa shuga amalamuliradi dziko lapansi. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti zimayambitsa chizolowezi choipitsitsa kuposa mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri. Koma ndalama zomwe zili mgulogalamu yokoma yazakudya zimapota kotero kuti ogulitsa shuga akuchita zonse zomwe angathe kuti aletsedwe. Mwa kuyesayesa kwawo aliyense waiwala kale kuti ku Middle Ages shuga anagulitsidwa kokha mumafakitale apafupi ndi morphine ndi cocaine.

Chiwerengero chokwanira cha madotolo ndi asayansi amatha kufalitsa maphunziro awo pa kuwopsa kwa shuga. Mu 2016, zidawululidwa kuti amfumu a shuga amakhala ngati adathandizira kafukufuku wabodza ku Harvard, pomwe asayansi adapanga lipoti la mafuta mu matenda amtima ndikubisanso shuga. Tsopano ndikudziwika kuti shuga imathamangitsa zimachitika, zimalepheretsa zombo kuti zisapumulidwe, dongosolo lonse loyenda limatha.

Shuga amalephereranso kuyamwa kwa calcium ku chakudya. Cottage tchizi ndi shuga ndi dummy. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti shuga imachepetsa kukula kwa khungu, ndiye kuti, imawonjezera makwinya. Amatsitsanso vitamini B, amamwa mano ake ndikuyamba kunenepa. Choonadi chokhudza shuga chikuyamba kutuluka, asayansi adayamba kuganiza momwe angachilitsire.

Pali m'malo mwa shuga zachilengedwe, ndipo pali ena opangidwa. Ndipo amenewo ndi iwo omwe ali pafupi 40, koma ochepa okha adagwira diso. International Opanga Association
zotsekemera ndi zakudya zama calorie otsika zimatulutsa fructose, xylitol ndi sorbitol kuchokera ku organic ndi saccharin, cyclamate, sucralose ndi neohespiridin, thaumatin, glycyrrhizin, stevioside, lactulose - kuchokera kwa okometsa achilengedwe.

Ngati simukufuna kusiya maswiti, koma mukufuna kuchepa thupi, ndiye kuti m'malo mwa shuga zachilengedwe sizingakuthandizeni. Ali ndi zophatikiza zama calorie zofanana, ndipo sorbitol ndiyonso yotsekemera. Zokometsera zophatikizika zimapangitsa maswiti kukhala odya kwambiri.

Daria Pirozhkova, yemwe ndi wathanzi: "Zomakoma zimakoma kwambiri kuposa shuga ndipo zimakhudza masamba, zimakhala ndi zinthu zopatsa mphamvu, ndi mphatso kwa iwo omwe akuchepetsa kapena akuwona kunenepa."

Wopanga mankhwala kuchokera ku Tambov, Konstantin Falberg, zaka 140 zapitazo yemwe adapanga zotsekemera zoyamba padziko lapansi, saccharin, zomwe zimakhala zokoma kwambiri kuposa shuga komanso wopanda zopatsa mphamvu. Koma tsopano zikuwoneka kale kuti saccharin, monga shuga, amachititsa kuti kapamba azilowetsa m'madzi a m'magazi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti glucose alowe m'maselo a thupi. Koma ayi. Zotsatira zake, insulin yoyendayenda yokha yozungulira ziwiya imayambitsa kukana kwa insulin, komwe kumayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Izi zidatsimikiziridwa ndi kafukufuku waku Canada komwe odwala 400,000 adatenga nawo gawo.

Kupenda kwa zakudya mu 2017 kunawonetsa kuti mapiritsi awiri am'kalori otsika tsiku lililonse omwe amalembedwa kuti "0% calories", omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito aspartame (E951) ndi sodium cyclamate (E952), amawonjezera chiopsezo cha kubadwa ndi 3 katatu komanso chiwopsezo cha matenda a dementia kapena matenda a Alzheimer's.

Mu chakudya, mutha kupeza stevia ndi fructose. Stevia amachokera ku masamba a mtengo waku Brazil. Imagulitsidwa muma pharmacies mu mawonekedwe ake oyera. Kulowa kwa shuga ndikabwino, chifukwa kutsekemera komweko kumafunikira 25 nthawi zochepa. Koma Stevia amatenga ndalama zowonjezereka ma 40 kuposa woyengedwa, ndipo fructose ndiyotsika mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa sitolo iliyonse ili kale ndi zida zonse ndi fructose. Koma sikuti fructose wochokera ku zipatso. Mlingo wotetezeka wa fructose ndi 40 magalamu patsiku. Chifukwa chake palibe njira yabwino yosinthira shuga. Ndikosavuta kuchepetsa gawo la maswiti m'moyo wanu ndi kutsuka mano anu pafupipafupi. Zambiri zili mu pulogalamuyi "OurPotrebNadzor".

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chimakhala chotetezeka: shuga kapena zotsekemera?

Zaka zaposachedwa, kulumikizana kwakhazikitsidwa pakati pa kudya kwambiri shuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri, matenda a shuga ndi matenda a mtima. Popeza mbiri ya shuga idawonongeka kwambiri, opanga mankhwala okometsera osokoneza bongo adaganiza kuti asaphonye mphindi ndikupangika.

Zokometsera zopangira mafuta tsopano zawonjezeredwa ku makumi ndi masauzande a zakudya ndi mbale, kuzipanga kukhala zina mwazakudya zotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amakhala ndi mwayi wodzilemba kuti "zopatsa mphamvu za calories" pazinthuzo, opanga amapanga zakumwa zambirimbiri zamagulu omwera ndi zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zochepa.

Koma sikuti golide yense ndiye golide. Kuchulukitsa kufalitsa maphunziro komwe kumayipa Zikhulupiriro Zotetezera Zosungidwa Zopeka. Tsopano zatsimikiziridwa kuti kudya zamafuta ambiri amtunduwu kumapangitsanso kunenepa kwambiri komanso kusokonezeka kwa metabolic.

Pamsonkano wa Experimental Biology 2018 womwe unachitikira ku San Diego kumapeto kwa Epulo, asayansi adakweza nkhaniyi ndikugawana zapakatikati, koma zotsatira zabwino za phunziroli.

Kuyang'ana Kwatsopano kwa okometsera

Brian Hoffman, pulofesa wothandizira pa biomedical engineering ku Marquette University ndi University of Wisconsin College of Medicine ku Milwaukee, komanso wolemba kafukufukuyu, akufotokozera chifukwa chake ali ndi chidwi ndi nkhaniyi: "Ngakhale shuga atalowa m'malo mwathu omwe amadya zakudya zosapatsa thanzi, anthu akuchulukirachulukira. Dziko lapansi limawonedwabe. "

Kafukufuku wa Dr. Hoffman pakali pano ndi kafukufuku wakuya kwambiri wamasinthidwe amomwe amachitika m'thupi la munthu chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito maumboni. Zatsimikiziridwa mosadalirika kuti anthu ambiri okometsa zakudya zamafuta ochepera amatha kuthandizira kupanga mafuta.

Asayansi amafuna kuti amvetsetse momwe shuga ndi zotsekemera zimakhudzira zingwe zamitsempha yamagazi - mtima wa endothelium - pogwiritsa ntchito makoswe monga chitsanzo. Mitundu iwiri ya shuga imagwiritsidwa ntchito popenyerera - shuga ndi fructose, komanso mitundu iwiri ya zotsekemera zopanda kalori - spartame (supplement E 951, mayina ena ofanana, Canderel, Sucrasit, Sladex, Slastilin, Aspamiks, NutraSweet, Sante, Shugafri, Sweetley) ndi potaziyamu acesulfame ( zowonjezera E950, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti acesulfame K, otizon, Sunnet). Nyama zantchire zimadyetsedwa zakudya ndi zowonjezera izi ndi shuga kwa milungu itatu, ndiye momwe zimagwirira ntchito zimafanizidwa.

Zidapezeka kuti onse shuga ndi okometsa amaipitsa minyewa yamagazi - koma mosiyanasiyana. "M'maphunziro athu, shuga ndi zokometsera zamagetsi zikuwoneka kuti zikuwonjezera mavuto obwera chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda ashuga, ngakhale zili m'njira zosiyanasiyana," akutero Dr. Hoffman.

Kusintha kwamanyidwe

Onse a shuga ndi okometsera okonzanso adapangitsa kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwamafuta, ma amino acid, ndi mankhwala ena m'magazi a makoswe. Zopangira zotsekemera, monga momwe zimapangidwira, zimasintha masinthidwe amomwe thupi limapangira mafuta ndikupeza mphamvu.

Ntchito yowonjezereka tsopano idzafunika kuti tiwulule zomwe zisinthe zimatha m'tsogolo.

Zinapezekanso, ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri, kuti pompopompo limapangidwira pang'onopang'ono m'thupi. Pamakokedwe akulu, kuwonongeka kwa mtsempha wamagazi kunali kokulirapo.

"Tinaona kuti mukakhazikika, thupi lanu limapanga shuga moyenera, ndipo makina akamadzaza nthawi yayitali, makinawo amawonongeka," akufotokoza Hoffmann.

"Tawonanso kuti kulowetsa shuga ndimakoma osapatsa thanzi kumabweretsa kusintha koyipa kwamafuta ndi metabolism."

Kalanga, asayansi sangayankhe funsoli lomwe likuwotcha: kodi ndiyotetemera, shuga kapena zotsekemera? Komanso, Dr. Hoffan akuti: "Wina akhoza kunena - osagwiritsa ntchito zokometsera zokopa, ndipo zafika kumapeto. Koma zonse sizophweka komanso zosamveka bwino. Koma ndikudziwika kuti ngati mumadya shuga wambiri, ndipo zotsekemera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zitha kukhala ndi thanzi labwino zimawonjezeka "- anatero asayansi.

Kalanga, pali mafunso ochulukirapo kuposa mayankho pakadali pano, koma tsopano zikuwonekeratu kuti chitetezo chabwino kwambiri ku ngozi zomwe zingachitike ndikucheperako pakugwiritsira ntchito malonda omwe ali ndi shuga ndi zotsekemera zoyambira.

Zoyimira m'malo mwa matenda ashuga: zimaloledwa kapena ayi? Ayi!

Zolocha zopangira shuga zimatha kulimbikitsa kukoma kwa lilime, koma nthawi yomweyo sizikhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "zakudya" zopangidwa ndi zakudya, kuphatikizapo zomwe zafotokozedwera shuga.

Zowonjezera shuga zomwe zimachitika kwambiri ndi izi:

Kodi mmalo mwa shuga opanga angakhudze bwanji shuga lanu lamagazi?

Thupi la munthu limapangidwa kuti magazi a shuga azikhala nthawi zonse.

Mulingo wama sukari umakwera tikamadya zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamafuta ambiri, monga mkate wa tirigu, pasitala, mbatata, ndi zofooka zathu. Kugaya, zakudyazi zimatulutsa shuga, omwe amalowa m'magazi.

Izi zikachitika, thupi limatulutsa insulini, timadzi tomwe timathandiza kuti shuga asatuluke m'magazi awo ndikulowa m'maselo, momwe amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati magetsi kapena kusungidwa ngati mafuta.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachepera, mwachitsanzo, pakatha maola 8 osatha kudya, chiwindi chimamasula shuga yake kuti shuga asagwere pansi.

Kodi mmalo mwa shuga opanga maukonde zimakhudza motani njirazi?

Pali malingaliro awiri pakali pano.

1. Loyamba limachitika chifukwa chakuti insulini imatha kutulutsidwa ngakhale shuga atalowa m'magazi, koma ubongo udamva kupezeka kwa maswiti mkamwa, monga momwe adalimbikitsidwira kulangiza masamba.

Pakadali pano, malingaliro awa sanatsimikizidwe mwasayansi. Koma akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti iye ali

2. Malinga ndi lingaliro lina, mwa njira, yomwe siyimapatula kufotokozera koyamba, kuphwanya malamulo a shuga kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusalinganika m'matumbo a microflora oyambitsidwa ndi zotsekemera zotulutsa.

Pakadali pano, zimadziwika kuti matenda opatsirana a microflora ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulin ikane ma cell, ndiye kuti boma la prediabetes.

Zoyimira m'malo zopanga shuga zimawononga microflora yopindulitsa

Chifukwa chake pakuyesera zingapo zasayansi, zidawonetsedwa kuti kumwa kwa zotsekemera zopangidwa ndi odzipereka kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa HbA1C - cholemba shuga.

Poyesanso kwinanso komwe asayansi aku Israeli adachita mu 2014, mbewa zidapatsidwa shuga m'malo mwa masabata 11. Pang'onopang'ono, adayamba kukhala ndi mavuto ndi microflora yamatumbo, ndipo misempha ya shuga idakwera.

Koma chomwe chinali chodabwitsa kwambiri chinali chakuti izi zidasinthanso. Ndipo mbewa zikagwiriridwa ndi microflora, shuga yawo imakhalanso yobwerera.

Kafukufuku wina wodabwitsa wa 2007 anali pa aspartame. Chifukwa chiyani zili zodabwitsa? Inde, chifukwa zotsatira zake zinali zosemphana ndi zomwe zimayembekezeredwa.

Asayansi amayenda kuti awonetse kuti kugwiritsa ntchito aspartame m'malo mwa shuga patebulo pokonzekera chakudya cham'mawa sikukhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Komabe, adalephera kupeza zotsatira zomwe zidakonzekera. Koma zinali zotheka kuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito sucrose komanso kugwiritsa ntchito aspartame m'malo mwake kumachulukitsa shuga ndi insulin. Ndipo izi ngakhale patakhala kuti popanduka kaphokoso ndi ma aspartame, zopatsa mphamvu ndizochepa ndi 22%.

Zomverera zotsekemera zimalepheretsa matenda a shuga ndikuchepetsa

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti zakudya zomwe zimatchedwa "zakudya", zomwe mmalo mwake muli shuga, zimathandizira chidwi cha chakudya, zimakulitsa kulakalaka kwa maswiti ndi zakudya zina, komanso zimathandizira kupanga mafuta ochulukirapo m'thupi. Komanso zimawonjezera kukana kwa thupi ku insulini ndipo potero zimathandizira kukulitsa shuga, kapena kusokoneza chithandizo chake.

Pali mafotokozedwe angapo.

1. Yoyamba idakambidwapo kale pamwambapa ndipo imalumikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa zotsekemera m'matumbo microflora, omwe amateteza thupi ku mavuto osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda ashuga.
2. Chifukwa chachiwiri chomwe kugwiritsira ntchito zotsekemera kumayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga ndikulakalaka kowonjezereka kwa maswiti ndi zakudya zokhuthala. Munthu akamva kukoma kokoma, koma osakhala ndi shuga, thupi lake limamvetsetsa ngati kuti pali chakudya chochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudya zakudya zamafuta zomwe sizinalandilidwe.

Ubale pakati pa kulawa kokoma popanda zopatsa mphamvu ndi chilimbikitso chowonjezereka, makamaka kulakalaka chakudya chamafuta, zakambidwa kwambiri m'mabuku asayansi kwazaka makumi awiri. Komabe, okometsera okonzanso akadali ndi okhawo opanga kuti ndi othandiza. Ndipo anthu amakhulupirira izi.

Mukufuna kudziwa: kodi zotsekemera zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a II?

Mudamvapo kale kuti zakudya zokhala ndi shuga zimayambitsa kukana kwa insulin komanso matenda a shuga a mtundu II. Maswiti ochulukirapo omwe mumadya - ziribe kanthu kuti ndi uchi wapaokha kapena shuga woyengedwa - ndiye kuti insulin yochulukirapo muyenera kuyimitsa pancreas anu m'magazi kuti muwongole magazi anu. Ikubwera nthawi yomwe chimbudzi chodzaza ndi madzi sichingathenso kupanga ma insulini m'magawo okwanira olamulira shuga wamagazi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a II.

Koma chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati shuga asinthidwa ndi zotsekemera zotheka? American Diabetes Association yalembera patsamba lake kuti zotsekemera zimawoneka zotetezeka malinga ndi mfundo za US Food and Drug Administration ndipo "zitha kuthana ndi chilimbikitso chofuna kudya zotsekemera." Komabe, akatswiri ena amakayikira.

"Mwachidule, sitikudziwa zomwe zimachitika mukamadya chakudya m'malo mwa shuga," atero Dr. Robert Lustig, dokotala wazophunzira zamaphunziro a shuga ku University of California, San Francisco. "Tili ndi zambiri zomwe zimatilola kufotokoza zina, koma sikokwanira kupereka chigamulo chomaliza kwa aliyense wokoma."

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wapadera wa 2009, anthu omwe amamwa zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi tsiku lililonse amakhala ndi metabolic syndrome yomwe imakhala 36% kwambiri ndipo matenda amtundu wachiwiri wa shuga amakhala 67% kuposa iwo omwe samamwa Zakudya zilizonse kapena nthawi zonse.

Zatsopano, ngakhale zili kutali osapanga lingaliro, ndizothandiza.

Kafukufuku yemwe adachitika mchaka cha 2014 ku Israel adapeza kuti zotsekemera zotulutsa ma cellel zimasinthira microflora yamatumbo, ndikuti zimayambitsa matenda a metabolic. Pakafukufuku waposachedwa, asayansi aku Yunivesite ya Washington ku St. Louis adakakamiza anthu onenepa kuti amwe mphindi 10 asanamwe shuga weniweni, kapena madzi owuma, kapena madzi owuma ndi sucralose. Ofufuzawo adafunanso kudziwa momwe kuchuluka kwa insulini pazomwe zimayesedwa zingasinthe motsogozedwa ndi bomba la shuga, ngati izi zisanachitike thupi lidadzazidwa ndimadzi kapena wokoma.

"Ngati wokomayu anali otetezeka, ndiye kuti tiyenera kuganiza kuti zotsatira za mayeso onsewo ndi zomwezi," akutero Lustig. Koma Dr. Yanina Pepino, wolemba zoyesazi, akuti mothandizidwa ndi lokoma, matupi a anyamatawa adakulanso insulin yokwanira 20%.

"Thupi liyenera kupanga insulini yambiri kuti ilimbane ndi shuga wambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sucralose imayambitsa kukana insulini," akufotokoza Pepino.

Pakakhala china lokoma lilime lanu - mulibe shuga kapena cholowa m'malo - ubongo wanu ndi matumbo ake zimayimira kapamba kuti shuga wayandikira. Zikondazo zimayamba kubisa insulin, ndikuyembekeza kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuli pafupi kukwera. Koma ngati mumamwa chakumwa chokoma, ndipo glucose samayenda, kapamba amakhala wokonzeka kutulutsa glucose aliyense m'magazi.

Koma zotsekemera zopanga ndizosiyana. Pepino anati: "Kusiyanaku kukuwonekera motsatira kuchuluka kwa mankhwala komanso kapangidwe kazinthu," atero Pepino. Chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kupanga general pano. "Ndikwabwino kunena za mtundu wa zotsekemera zomwe zimafikitsa ku ubongo ndi kapamba," akufotokoza. "Koma ndikameza, zotsekemera zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzanso kagayidwe."

Pepino ndi gulu lake tsopano akuyesetsa kutsatira momwe sucralose ingakhudzire gawo la insulini la anthu ochepa kuposa anthu athunthu. Koma chithunzi chonse cha momwe zotsekemera zimakhudzira chiopsezo chotenga matenda a insulin ndi mtundu II wa shuga sichikuwonekera. Iye anati: “Tiyenera kufufuza zambiri.

Lustig amamubweza. "Kuyesa kopatula kumayambitsa kuda nkhawa," akutero. "Mosakayikira, koloko ya zakudya imagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga, koma ndicho chifukwa chake kapena zotsatira zake, sitikudziwa."

Ndizowopsa: mitundu ndi zotsatira zogwiritsira ntchito

Kugwiritsa ntchito shuga mumtundu 2 wa shuga ndikuloledwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti mankhwalawo amakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zamagalimoto, zomwe zimayambitsa mwachangu komanso modabwitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Pofuna kuti odwala matenda ashuga asataye maswiti, pali mitundu ingapo ya shuga yopanda vuto lililonse. Ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana, ndikofunikira kuwawonjezera tiyi ndi mbale zina. Komabe, izi zili ndi zinthu zingapo zoipa. Mavuto ake ndi zopindulitsa zake zimawerengedwa m'nkhaniyo.

Kudziwa kuti ndi gawo liti la shuga lomwe lingavulaze kwambiri, ndikofunikira kudziwa chifukwa chake lingagwiritsire ntchito nkomwe. Kodi zabwino zamagetsi zotetezedwa za shuga ndizotani?

• Choyamba, atatha kugwiritsa ntchito palibe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kwa anthu athanzi, izi, mowirikiza, zimathandiza kupewetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga, komanso kwa odwala matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito cholowa m'malo m'malo mwa shuga wosavuta,
• Kuphatikiza apo, kutsokomola kwabwino kwa anthu onenepa ndi njira ina, chifukwa mulibe kalori. Pazifukwa izi, ndizotchuka pakati pa azimayi apakati,
• Mwachidziwitso, wokoma wopanda vuto amakhala wowopsa kwa mano. Siyoipa monga shuga, imakhudzira enamel ya mano, siziwononga ndipo siyambitsa caries,
• Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina mapiritsi a sweetener amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe omwe amamwa kwambiri zotsekemera zimapangitsa khungu kutembenuka - kuyabwa, kuzizira, kupendama.

Ngakhale kuti funso loti ngati zotsekemera zimakhala zovulaza limakhalabe funso lotseguka, limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zochepetsa thupi, komanso odwala matenda ashuga. Alinso gawo la kutafuna chingamu, "makeke ochepera", omwe amateteza ku caries, ndi zina zotero. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumaloledwa ndi GOST chifukwa chakuti mukamadya zotsekemera zosavulaza, ndiye kuti sizingavulaze thanzi. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi zinthu zotere ndiosatetezeka.

Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa ndi otetezeka, funso loti liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu athanzi komanso odwala matenda ashuga akadali funso lomasuka. Kutsekemera kwambiri kumakhala koopsa ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo munthu wathanzi kapena matenda ashuga kumatha kukhala ndizotsatira zosasangalatsa.

Kuyankha funso loti kulowa m'malo mwa shuga ndi koopsa komanso kuchuluka kwake, mutha kungoganizira mtundu wake. Onse okometsetsa amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu - zachilengedwe komanso zopangidwa. Zovuta ndi zopindulitsa zamagulu m'magulu awa ndizosiyana.

• Zolozera m'malo mwachilengedwe zitha kuonedwa ngati zotetezeka pang'ono. Izi zimaphatikizapo sorbitol, fructose, xylitol. Zowopsa zawo kapena zotsatira zake zoyipa ndizopatsa mphamvu zambiri. Imafanana ndi shuga. Pachifukwa ichi, zotsekemera zopanda vuto zopangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zochepetsa thupi. Komanso, pakudya kwakukulu, ikhoza kuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga,
• Zolocha zophatikizika zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zigawo za mankhwala zomwe sizipezeka mwachilengedwe. Amasiyana ndi zachilengedwe m'njira yoti sangathe kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa glucose ngakhale atamwa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizochepa kwambiri zopatsa mphamvu ndipo sizimayambitsa kulemera. Komabe, zopindulitsa ndi zopweteka za chinthu chotere sizosiyana. Zolocha zophatikizika zimakhala ndi vuto lililonse pamagulu onse a ziwalo, zonse mwa munthu wathanzi komanso wodwala matenda ashuga. Gululi limaphatikizapo zotsekemera zotetezeka kwambiri kuchokera ku ma aspartame opangidwa, komanso phenamate ndi saccharin.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi ngakhale zinthu zina zopangira sizingawononge thupi, monga munthu wathanzi, kapena wodwala matenda ashuga. Koma mukamagwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, mavuto oyambitsidwa ndi matenda amakula. Chifukwa chake, musagwiritse ntchito shuga m'malo mochotsa kunenepa, ndibwino kungokaniza maswiti mpaka kulemera kumakhala kwabwinobwino.

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, palibenso njira zina zothetsera matendawa. Njira yokhayo yochepetsera zovuta pa thanzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito zolowa m'malo. Kuphatikiza apo, ndibwino kukonda zomwe zachilengedwe zimayang'anira ndikuwongolera kudya kwawo kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi magazi.

Poyankha funso la zomwe zimavuta kwa zotsekemera, ndikofunikira kutchula matenda omwe angapangitse kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Mitundu yamatenda imatengera mtundu wa zotsekemera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuphatikiza apo, pamakhalanso zovuta ndi digestibility ya zotsekemera zopangira komanso kuchotsedwa kwa thupi.

Mukamaganiza kuti ndi iti yomwe imakhala yopanda vuto lililonse, ndikofunika kungoganizira zotsekemera zachilengedwe zokha. Malo abwino kwambiri a shuga pakati pawo ndi stevia. Mwa zabwino zake, izi zitha kusiyanitsidwa:

1. Zopatsa mphamvu zochepa zopatsa mphamvu poyerekeza ndi anzanga ena achilengedwe, ndiye chifukwa chake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri zochepetsa thupi,
2. Kuperewera kwamakomedwe (zotsekemera zambiri zachilengedwe ndi zopangika zimadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa kukoma kapena kununkhira kwachilendo),
3. Sichisintha kagayidwe ndipo sichichulukitsa chilako lako.

Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti monga sweetener, stevia ndi yoletsedwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko a EU, komanso ku USA ndi Canada. Ngakhale ilibe zinthu zovulaza, ndipo momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito ku Japan (wogwiritsidwa ntchito zaka 30 monga zotsekemera zothandiza) zatsimikizira kuti sizoyambitsa mavuto, palibe maphunziro ovomerezeka pazomwe amakhudza thanzi la anthu.

Podziwa kuti ndi gawo liti la shuga lomwe limakhala lotetezeka kwambiri, mutha kukhalabe ndi shuga pamlingo woyenera komanso kupewa kunenepa kwambiri. Komabe, stevia ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo si aliyense angakwanitse. Potere, anthu nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito njira zina, zopindulitsa kapena zovulaza zomwe zingakhale zosiyana. Mulimonsemo, mukasinthanitsa ndi sweetener, ndikofunikira kusankha analogi yachilengedwe ya stevia.

Zokoma zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, asayansi aku Israeli adapezeka

Zomwe zimakhala zotsekemera, zomwe zimapangidwa ndikuwonetsedwa ngati njira yodyetsera thanzi, kuchepa thupi komanso kulimbana ndi matenda ashuga, zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zakusintha kwa metabolic, komwe kumapangitsa kuti matenda omwe amtundu wankhokwe aitanidwe kuti amenye, asayansi a Russia Press Service wa Weizmann Institute (Israel).

Asayansi adayeserera kangapo pa mbewa, ndikuwapatsa mitundu itatu ya m'malo mwa shuga omwe ali odziwika kwambiri tsopano, ndipo gawo lotsatira la kafukufukuyu, ndi odzipereka aumunthu. Malinga ndi kafukufuku yemwe adalembedwa mu magazini ya Nature, pokhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka microflora yamatumbo, zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa m'makoma okonzanso zimathandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa kulolera kwa shuga komanso kusokonezeka kwakukuru kwa metabolic. Izi zimabweretsa kutsutsana komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zotsekemera: amathandizira kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda a shuga, omwe pakalipano ndi mliri weniweni.

Wotsogolera nawo kafukufuku Dr. Eran Elinav adakumbukira kuti "Kuyanjana kwathu ndi mabakiteriya athu amomwe timakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chakudya chomwe timadya. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chinali kuyanjana kwa izi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera zochita kupanga. Kudzera mu microflora, adatsogolera ku kukula kwa zovuta zomwe zidapangidwa. Pofuna kupewa zinthu ngati izi, kuyambiranso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu masiku ano komanso kosalamulirika nkofunika. ”

Zomwe zimakhala zotsekemera zimapangitsa kunenepa kwambiri ndikukulitsa chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga 2: kafukufuku

Kwazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, chifukwa chidziwitso chowonjezeka cha ngozi za kudya kwambiri shuga, kumwa zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi za zero-calorie kwakwera kwambiri. Ngakhale izi, kafukufuku watsopano akuwonetsa kuti zotsekemera zimatha kuyambitsanso kukula kwa matenda ashuga komanso kunenepa kwambiri, ndipo kusintha kwa zakumwa zozizilitsa thupi kumatha kutchedwa "gawo kuchokera pamoto mpaka moto."

Asayansi ku Wisconsin College of Medicine apereka kafukufuku wawo (pakusintha kwachilengedwe m'thupi atatha kudya shuga ndi zina zake) pamsonkhano wapachaka wa Experimental Biology mu Epulo ku San Diego, California.

"Ngakhale kuwonjezera pa zokometsera zamagetsi zomwe timadya patsiku lililonse, pali kuchuluka kwambiri kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda a shuga," anatero wolemba kafukufuku Brian Hoffmann. "Kafukufuku wathu wapeza kuti onse okoma omwe amapanga shuga ndi owonjezera zotupa amadzetsa mavuto obwera ndi matenda a metabolic komanso matenda ashuga, ngakhale amapanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana."

Ofufuzawo adachita mu vitro (in vitro) komanso poyesa vivo (mu vivo). Gulu la asayansi lidadyetsa makoswe gulu limodzi lokhala ndi glucose kapena fructose (mitundu ya shuga), ndi linzake ndi aspartame kapena acesulfame potaziyamu (zodziwika ngati zero-calorie yokumba zotsekemera). Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, asayansi adapeza kusiyana kwakukulu pamafuta ndi ma amino acid m'magazi a nyama.

Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti zotsekemera zokopa zimasintha momwe mafuta amathandizira ndi thupi ndikupanga mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, acesulfame potaziyamu imadziunjikira m'magazi, ndende yambiri yomwe imakhala yovulaza maselo amkati mwamitsempha yamagazi.

"Mutha kuwona kuti ngati munthu ali ndi shuga wokwanira m'thupi, limagwirira ntchito pokonza. Dongosololi likadzaza nthawi yayitali, makinawa amawonongeka, "atero Hoffmann. "Tawonanso kuti kulowetsa shuga awa ndi mankhwala osapatsa thanzi opatsa thanzi kumabweretsa kusintha koyipa kwa mafuta ndi metabolism yamagetsi."

Zomwe zapezedwa sizikupereka yankho lomveka bwino, lomwe limakhala loyipitsitsa - shuga kapena okonza okonza, funso ili limafunanso kuti apitirize kuphunzira. Asayansi amalimbikitsa kuti pakhale shuga wambiri komanso zina zake.

1. 
   Rosen V.B. Zofunika za Endocrinology. Moscow, Moscow State University Publishing House, 1994.384 mas.
2. 
   Vasyutin, A.M. Bweretsani chisangalalo cha moyo, kapena Momwe mungachotsere matenda ashuga / A.M. Vasyutin. - M: Phoenix, 2009 .-- 181 p.
3. 
   Wayne, A.M. Hypersomnic Syndrome / A.M. Wayne. - M.: Mankhwala, 2016 .-- 236 p.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwa zaka zoposa 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka pamalowo kuti athetse zovuta osati ntchito. Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusayiti, kukambirana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.