Kuwerenga kwa insulini: kusankha ndi kuwerengera algorithm

Pancreatic mahomoni, omwe amachititsa kuti kagayidwe kake kagayidwe m'thupi, azitchedwa insulin. Ngati insulin sikokwanira, ndiye kuti izi zimabweretsa njira zamatenda, chifukwa cha zomwe shuga ya magazi imakwera.

Masiku ano, vutoli limathetsedwa mosavuta. Kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kumatha kuwongolera kudzera jakisoni wapadera. Imeneyi ndiye chithandizo chachikulu cha matenda osokoneza bongo a mtundu woyamba komanso osakhala wachiwiri.

Mlingo wa mahomoni nthawi zonse umatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha, kutengera kuwuma kwa matendawo, momwe wodwalayo alili, kadyedwe kake komanso chithunzithunzi chachipatala chonse. Koma kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin ndikofanana kwa aliyense, ndipo kumachitika molingana ndi malamulo ena ndi malingaliro.

Ndikofunikira kuganizira malamulo a insulin Therapy, kuti mudziwe momwe mawerengeredwe a insulin amachitikira. Kodi pali kusiyanasiyana pakati pa kasamalidwe ka insulin pakati pa ana, ndi momwe angapangire insulin?

Zokhudza chithandizo cha matenda ashuga

Zochita zonse pakuchiza matenda a shuga zimakhala ndi cholinga chimodzi - uku ndiko kukhazikika kwa shuga m'thupi la wodwalayo. Chizolowezi chimatchedwa kuti ndende, chomwe sichotsika kuposa 3.5, koma sichidutsa malire 6 apamwamba.

Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kupunduka kwa kapamba. Mwambiri, zochitika zotere zimayendera limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa kapangidwe ka insulin, motero, izi zimayambitsa kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya ndi kagayidwe kazakudya.

Thupi silingathenso kulandira mphamvu kuchokera ku chakudya chomwe chidya, limapeza shuga wambiri, yemwe samalowetsedwa ndi maselo, koma amangokhala m'magazi a munthu. Izi zikawonedwa, kapamba amalandila chizindikiro kuti insulin iyenera kupangidwa.

Koma popeza magwiridwe antchito ake ali ndi vuto, chida chamkati sichingagwire ntchito machitidwe am'mbuyomu, ophatikizidwa, kupanga kwa mahomoni kumakhala kuchepa, pomwe kumapangidwa pang'ono. Mkhalidwe wa munthu umakulirakulira, ndipo pakupita nthawi, zomwe zawo za insulin zikuyandikira zero.

Pankhaniyi, kukonza zakudya komanso zakudya zolimbitsa thupi sikokwanira, mudzafunika kuyambitsidwa kwa mahomoni opanga. Muzochita zamakono zamankhwala, mitundu iwiri yamatenda amasiyanitsidwa:

• Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga (umatchedwa kuti insulin-amadalira), pamene kukhazikitsa kwa mahomoni ndikofunikira.
• Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga (osadalira insulini). Ndi matenda amtunduwu, nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira, zakudya zoyenera ndizokwanira, ndipo insulin yanu imapangidwa. Komabe, mwadzidzidzi, makonzedwe a mahomoni angafunikire kupewa kupewa hypoglycemia.

Ndi matenda amtundu 1, kupanga mahomoni m'thupi la munthu kumatsekedwa, chifukwa chomwe ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati ndi machitidwe zimasokonekera. Kuwongolera vutoli, kupezeka kwa maselo okhala ndi analogue ya mahomoni okha ndi kumene kungathandize.

Chithandizo pa nkhaniyi ndi cha moyo. Wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kulandira jakisoni tsiku lililonse. Zovuta za insulin makonzedwe ndikuti ziyenera kuperekedwa munthawi yake kupatula vuto lalikulu, ndipo ngati kukomoka kumachitika, muyenera kudziwa chisamaliro chazomwe zili ndi vuto la matenda ashuga.

Ndi mankhwala a insulin othandizira odwala matenda a shuga omwe amakuthandizani kuti mulamulire kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kusungirako magwiridwe antchito pazofunikira, kupewa kuperewera kwa ziwalo zina zamkati.

Kuwerengera kwa hormone kwa akulu ndi ana

Kusankhidwa kwa insulin ndi njira yomwe munthu amachita payekha. Chiwerengero cha malo olimbikitsidwa mu maola 24 chimayendetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimaphatikizira ndi ma concomitant pathologies, zaka za wodwalayo, "zomwe adakumana nazo" ndi matenda ena.

Kukhazikitsidwa kuti nthawi zambiri, kufunikira kwa tsiku la odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga sikupitilira gawo limodzi la mahomoni pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwake kwa thupi. Ngati lonjezoli latha, ndiye kuti kukulitsa zovuta kumakulirakulira.

Mlingo wa mankhwalawa amawerengedwa motere: ndikofunikira kuchulukitsa tsiku lililonse la mankhwalawa ndi kulemera kwa wodwala. Kuchokera pakuwerengera izi zikuwonekeratu kuti kuyambitsa kwa mahomoni kumadalira thupi la wodwalayo. Chizindikiro choyamba chimakhazikitsidwa kutengera zaka za wodwalayo, kuuma kwa matendawo ndi "zomwe adakumana nazo".

Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa mankhwala opangira insulin umasiyana:

1. Pa gawo loyambirira la matendawa, osapitirira mayunitsi 0,5 / kg.
2. Ngati matenda ashuga mkati mwa chaka chimodzi amachiritsika, ndiye kuti mayunitsi 0,6 akuyenera.
3. Ndi matenda akulu kwambiri, kusakhazikika kwa shuga m'magazi - 0,7 PISCES / kg.
4. Mtundu wowola wa shuga ndi 0,8 U / kg.
5. Ngati mavuto atawonedwa - 0,9 PISCES / kg.
6. Pa mimba, makamaka, wachitatu trimester - 1 unit / kg.

Pambuyo pazomwe zalandiridwa patsiku, kuwerengera kumapangidwa. Mwa njira imodzi, wodwalayo sangathe kulowa magawo a 40, ndipo masana mlingo umasiyana kuchokera 70 mpaka 80 magawo.

Odwala ambiri samamvetsetsa momwe angawerengere mlingo, koma izi ndizofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, wodwala amakhala ndi thupi lolemera ma kilogalamu 90, ndipo mlingo wake patsiku ndi 0.6 U / kg. Kuti muwerenge, muyenera mayunitsi 90 * 0,6 = 54. Uku ndiye kuchuluka kwathunthu patsiku.

Ngati wodwalayo akulimbikitsidwa kuwonetsa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake ziyenera kugawidwa pawiri (54: 2 = 27). Mlingo uyenera kugawidwa pakati pa kasamalidwe kazaka zam'mawa ndi zam'mawa, m'malo awiriawiri. M'malo mwathu, awa ndi magawo 36 ndi 18.

Pa mahomoni "achidule" amakhalabe magawo 27 (kuchokera pa 54 tsiku lililonse). Iyenera kugawidwa pang'onopang'ono katatu asanadye, kutengera thupi lomwe wodwalayo akufuna kudya. Kapena, gawani ndi "servings": 40% m'mawa, ndi 30% mgonero ndi madzulo.

Mu ana, kufunikira kwa insulin kumakulirapo kwambiri ndikakuyerekeza ndi akulu. Zomwe mulingo wa ana:

• Monga lamulo, ngati matenda angopezeka kumene, ndiye kuti pafupifupi 0,5 imayikidwa pa kilogalamu yolemera.
• Zaka zisanu pambuyo pake, mlingo umachulukitsidwa kukhala gawo limodzi.
• Muubwana, kuwonjezereka kumachitika kwa magawo 1.5 kapena 2.
• Kenako zosowa za thupi zimachepa, ndipo gawo limodzi ndilokwanira.

Nthawi zambiri, njira yoperekera mankhwala a insulini kwa odwala ochepa siinasinthe. Mphindi yokha, mwana wamng'ono sangadzipangire yekha jakisoni, chifukwa chake makolo ayenera kuiwongolera.

Hormone Syringes

Mankhwala onse a insulin amayenera kusungidwa mufiriji, kutentha komwe akulimbikitsidwa kuti asungidwe ndi 2-8 madigiri pamwamba pa 0. Nthawi zambiri mankhwalawa amapezeka mu cholembera chapadera cha syringe omwe ndi osavuta kunyamula ndi inu ngati mukufuna kupanga jakisoni wambiri masana.

Zitha kusungidwa osaposa masiku 30, ndipo mphamvu za mankhwalazo zimatayika chifukwa cha kutentha. Ndemanga za odwala zimawonetsa kuti ndibwino kugula zolembera zomwe zimakhala ndi singano yomangidwa kale. Mitundu yotere ndi yotetezeka komanso yodalirika.

Pogula, muyenera kulabadira mtengo wogawa wa syringe. Ngati kwa wamkulu - ichi ndi gawo limodzi, ndiye kwa ana 0,5 mayunitsi. Kwa ana, ndikofunikira kusankha masewera amfupi komanso owonda omwe saposa mamilimita 8.

Musanatengere insulin mu syringe, muyenera kuisanthula mosamala kuti mutsatire malangizo a dokotala: kodi mankhwalawa ndi oyenera, ndiye phukusi lonse, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo ndi chiyani.

Insulin ya jakisoni iyenera kulembedwa motere:

1. Sambani m'manja, mankhwalawa ndi antiseptic, kapena valani magolovesi.
2. Kenako kapu yomwe ili pabotolo imatsegulidwa.
3. Chitsamba cha botolo chimachiriridwa ndi thonje, chimanyowetsani mu mowa.
4. Yembekezani kamphindi kuti mowa usanduke.
5. Tsegulani phukusi lomwe lili ndi syringe ya insulin.
6. Sinthani botolo la mankhwala mozungulira, ndikusonkhanitsani mlingo womwe umafunikira wa mankhwalawo (kupanikizika kwambiri mu vial kumathandizira kuti mupezeke mankhwala)
7. Kokani singano ku vial ya mankhwala, kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mulibe mpweya mu syringe.

Pamafunika kupereka insulin yayitali, zotsatira zake ndi zomwe mankhwalawo amayenera "kukulira m'manja mwanu" mpaka mankhwalawo atakhala mthunzi wamtambo.

Ngati palibe mankhwala otayika a insulin, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chomwe chingagwiritsenso ntchito. Koma nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kukhala ndi singano ziwiri: kudzera m'modzi, mankhwalawo amawimbidwa, mothandizidwa ndi wachiwiri, makonzedwe amachitika.

Kodi insulini imagwirira ntchito motani ndipo?

Timadzi timadzi timatumba timene timalowa m'matumbo amafuta, apo ayi mankhwalawo sakhala ndi zotsatira zochizira. Kukhazikikako kumatha kuchitika m'mapewa, m'mimba, kumtunda kwa kutsogolo kwa ntchafu, kunjenjemera kwakunja.

Malingaliro a madotolo samalimbikitsa kuperekera mankhwala paphewa paokha, chifukwa mwina wodwalayo sangathe kupanga "khungu" ndipo amathandizira mankhwalawo intramuscularly.

Dera lam'mimba ndilofunikira kwambiri kusankha, makamaka ngati Mlingo wa mahomoni ofupikirako ukuperekedwa. Kudzera m'derali, mankhwalawa amamwa mwachangu kwambiri.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti dera la jakisoni liyenera kusinthidwa tsiku lililonse. Ngati izi sizichitika, mtundu wa mayamwidwe am'madziwo umasintha, pakakhala kusiyana m'magazi m'magazi, ngakhale kuti mulingo woyenera walowetsedwa.

Malamulo oyendetsera insulin samalola kubayidwa m'malo omwe amasinthidwa: zipsera, zipsera, mabala ndi zina zotero.

Kuti mulowetse mankhwalawa, muyenera kutenga syringe yokhazikika kapena cholembera. Ma algorithm ogwiritsira ntchito insulin ndi motere: (tengani chifukwa choti syringe yokhala ndi insulini yakonzeka):

• Chiritsani tsamba la jakisoni ndimasamba awiri omwe amakhala ndi mowa. Swab imodzi imakhala ndi malo ambiri, ndipo yachiwiriyo imagwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa jakisoni wa mankhwalawo.
• Yembekezani masekondi makumi atatu mpaka mowa utasanduka.
• Dzanja limodzi limapanga khola lamafuta olowerera, ndipo dzanja linalo limalowetsa singano pamakwerero mpaka madigiri 45 kulowa m'munsi mwa khola.
• Popanda kumasula makutuwo, kanikizani piston pansi ponse panu, jekeseni mankhwalawo, tulutsani syringe.
• Kenako mutha kulola kuti khungu lizitha.

Mankhwala amakono othandiza kukhazikitsa shuga m'magazi nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa m'mapensulo apadera a syringe. Ndizosinthika kapena zotayikira, zimasiyana pa mlingo, zimabwera ndi singano zosinthika komanso zopangidwa.

Wopanga ndalamazi amapereka malangizo othandiza kuti ma hormone azioneka bwino:

1. Ngati ndi kotheka, sakanizani mankhwalawa ndikugwedeza.
2. Onani singano ndikutulutsa magazi mu syringe.
3. Potani pakumapeto kwa syringe kuti musinthe mlingo wofunikira.
4. Pangani khola, ikani jakisoni (ofanana ndi kufotokozera koyamba).
5. Tulutsani singano, mutatha kutseka ndi kapu ndi mipukutu, ndiye muyenera kutaya.
6. Tsekani chimaliziro kumapeto kwa njirayi.

Momwe mungasungire insulin, ndipo chifukwa chiyani ikufunika?

Odwala ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi chifukwa chake insulin dilution ikufunika. Tiyerekeze kuti wodwala ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, ali ndi thupi lofooka. Tiyerekeze kuti insulini yocheperako imachepetsa shuga m'magazi awiri ndi magulu awiri.

Pamodzi ndi zakudya zama carb zotsika kwambiri za anthu odwala matenda ashuga, shuga wamagazi amawonjezeka mpaka magawo 7, ndipo akufuna kuchepetsa mpaka magawo 5.5. Kuti achite izi, ayenera kubaya jekeseni imodzi ya mahomoni ofupikirapo (chithunzi pafupifupi).

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti "cholakwika" cha syringe 1 ya insulin ndi yolakwika. Ndipo nthawi zambiri, ma syringe amakhala ndi gawo logawanitsa magawo awiri, motero zimakhala zovuta kulemba imodzi, kotero muyenera kuyang'ana njira ina.

Ndi cholinga chochepetsera mwayi wobweretsa Mlingo woyenera, muyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi mankhwalawo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muthira mankhwalawo maulendo 10, ndiye kuti kulowa gawo limodzi muyenera kulowa magawo 10 a mankhwalawo, zomwe ndizosavuta kuchita ndi njirayi.

Mwachitsanzo pakupaka koyenera kwa mankhwala:

• Kuti muchepetse maulendo 10, muyenera kumwa gawo limodzi la mankhwalawo ndi magawo asanu ndi anayi a "solvent".
• Ngati mukusanza maulendo 20, gawo limodzi la mahomoni ndi magawo 19 a "zosungunulira" amatengedwa.

Insulin ikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi mchere kapena madzi osungunuka, zakumwa zina ndizoletsedwa. Zakumwa izi zimatha kuchepetsedwa mwachindunji mu syringe kapena chidebe china nthawi yomweyo isanayambike. Kapenanso, mphatso yopanda kanthu yomwe kale inali ndi insulin. Mutha kusungitsa insulini yovomerezeka kwa maola osaposa 72 mufiriji.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe amafunikira kuyang'anitsitsa shuga wamagazi, ndipo amayenera kuyendetsedwa kudzera jakisoni wa insulin. Njira yolowera ndiyosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo, chinthu chachikulu ndikuwerengera molondola mlingo ndikulowa mafuta osaneneka. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akuwonetsa njira yoyendetsera insulin.

Kodi algorithm yofananira ndi chiyani?

Ma algorithm osankhidwa ndi njira yowerengera yomwe imawerengera momwe zimapangidwira chinthu kuti chichepetse shuga ya magazi ndi nambala yamagulu omwe mukufuna. Mlingo umodzi wa insulin uyenera kukwaniritsa zosowa za thupi la wodwala wina.

Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin sikunasankhidwe mwachisawawa komanso sikufanana kwa odwala onse omwe ali ndi vutoli.

Pali chida china chapadera chomwe chimatha kuwerengera mlingo wa insulin, poganizira za maphunzirowo ndi mtundu wa matenda omwe. Mitundu yowerengera siyofanana ndi mtundu 1 wa shuga m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

The mankhwala zikugulitsidwa mu ampoules 5 ml. Milogi iliyonse (1 cube) ndi wofanana ndi 40 kapena 100 mainthu (UNIT).

Kuwerengera kwa kuchuluka kwa insulini mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kapamba kumachitika malinga ndi kakhalidwe kapadera pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana: pafupifupi kuchuluka kwa mayankho amayesedwa pa kilogalamu ya kulemera.

Ngati kunenepa kwambiri kwapezeka, kapena kungowonjezera pang'ono kalozera, chokwaniracho chiyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi 0,1. Ngati pali kuchepa kwa thupi - onjezerani ndi 0,1.

Kusankhidwa kwa jekeseni wa subcutaneous jakisoni kumadalira mbiri yachipatala, kulekerera kwa thunthu, komanso zotsatira za mayeso a labotale.

• 0.4-0.5 U / kg kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 omwe angopezeka kumene.
• 0,6 U / kg kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda omwe adadziwonetsa kuposa chaka chapitacho pomalipirira zabwino.
• Mayunitsi 0,7 / kg kwa odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa 1, kutalika kwa chaka chimodzi ndi chindapusa chokhazikika.
• 0,8 U / kg kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu.
• 0,9 U / kg kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mtundu woyamba 1 omwe ali ndi vuto la ketoacidosis.
• Ma mayunitsi 1.0 / kg kwa odwala omwe akutha msinkhu kapena mu III trimester ya mimba.

Kuwerengera mlingo mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin kumachitika chifukwa cha momwe zinthu zilili, moyo wanu, dongosolo la zakudya. Kugwiritsa ntchito zoposa 1 unit pa 1 kg yolemera kumawonetsa bongo.

Kusankha mulingo wa insulin wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, owululidwa koyamba, mutha kuwerengera: 0.5 UNITS x kulemera kwa kilogalamu. Pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa mankhwala, kufunikira kwa thupi kowonjezereka kwa mankhwalawa kumatha kuchepa.

Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira ndipo zimachitika kawirikawiri. Mu nthawi yotsatirayi (kwinakwake mozungulira miyezi 12-15) kufunika kudzachuluka, mpaka kufika 0,6 PISCES.

Ndi kuwonongeka, komanso kupezeka kwa ketoacidosis, mlingo wa insulin chifukwa cha kukana umakwera, mpaka kufika pazigawo za 0.7-0.8 pa kilogalamu ya kulemera.

Kupanga ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa maantibayotiki.

Maantibiotic -
antibacterial mankhwala ("ANTI" -
motsutsa, "BIOS" - moyo). Zamapangidwe
zinthu zopangidwa ndi zosiyanasiyana
mitundu ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timalandira
kapangidwe ndi kukula zoletsa
komanso kupanga tizilombo tina,
kuphatikizapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Cholinga cha mawu oyamba
Mankhwala othandizira: Kukwaniritsa achire
zotsatira.

- Zodalirika

Anatomical
malo oyambira intradermal ndi
kuyesa kwa khungu - gawo lachitatu la kutsogolo.

1. Pazipangizo 100,000
kumwa mankhwala 1 ml., zokhudza thupi
yankho. Kuswana wamba
mankhwala.

2. Mu tuberculin
timatulutsa syringe 0,1 ml, sitimadzi
mankhwala oletsa kuponderezana 0,9 ml
yankho.

3. Siyani
0,5 ml syringe, kutsanulira yankho lonse.

Zachitsanzo zimayambitsidwa
1000 PIECES (zigawo za zochita) za antiotic.

Syringe imayimiridwa
yankho la saline choyamba (ngati
ali mu botolo) 0,9 ml, kenako 0,5 ml,
kuyesa mankhwala.

Mayeso pazonse
maantibayotiki amachitidwa chimodzimodzi.

Ngati chitsanzo ndi 2
mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa kenako gwiritsani ntchito moyenera
mkono wamanzere wolemba chizindikiro "P"
(penicillin), "C" (streptomycin).

1. Cook
standardization wa penicillin (
1 ml ya mchere uli ndi 100,000
ED Penicillin).

2. Lembani mu syringe
(voliyumu - 1 ml) 0,9 ml ya mchere.

3. Mu syringe yomweyo
pezani 0,5 ml ya penicillin wovomerezeka
(mpaka 1 ml), motero 1 ml ya yankho
ili ndi magawo 10,000 a penicillin, ndi mkati
0,1 ml ya yankho - 1000 PESCES.

4. Kuvala singano ya
intradermal jakisoni wamkati
chulu.

5. Mkati
gwira nkhope yakutsogolo 70%
mowa kapena khungu antiseptic kawiri
ndipo zilekeni.

6. Jekesani 0.1 ml
penicillin yankho mkati
pakati lachitatu la mkono asanapangidwe
papule yoyera - "peel mandimu".

Za kuyambitsa
maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka
kumtunda kwakunja quadrant ndipo
matako akumanzere, ndipo angagwiritsidwenso ntchito
kunja - kunja kwa ntchafu.

Ulamuliro wobala
maantibayotiki

adapereka
UNIT kapena magalamu.

Kuswana
Mankhwala othandizira jakisoni.

Lembani "B":
mankhwala - antibacterial
mankhwala.

Cholinga: Kukwaniritsa
achire zotsatira.

Zowonetsera:
mankhwala a dokotala opatsirana komanso
matenda otupa.

Maantibayotiki a
jekeseni wotulutsidwa mu mawonekedwe a kristalo
ufa m'mabotolo apadera. Mlingo
Maantibayotiki amatha kukhala m'mayunitsi
machitidwe) ndi magalamu.

Nthawi zambiri
Mankhwala amagwiritsa ntchito antiotic
penicillin (benzylpenicillin sodium
kapena mchere wa potaziyamu). Amaperekedwa
mabotolo a 250 000, 500 000, 1 000 000 mayunitsi.

Zoweta
penicillin ntchito 0,25% kapena 0,5%
novocaine yankho. Ndi payekha
Musagwiritsenso ntchito tsankho
saline 0,9% sodium
madzi ena a chloride kapena osabala.

MU 1 ML SOLUTION
MUZINTHA MISONKHANO YA 100,000 PENICILLINE.

Mwanjira imeneyi
ngati muli m'botolo 1 000 000, ndiye
ndikofunikira kudzaza syringe 10 ml
zosungunulira.

X = ——---- = 10 ml
zosungunulira

250 000 ZITHUNZIZO—— 2.5
ml ya zosungunulira

Lamulo: Mu 1 ml.,
yankho likhale ndi mayunitsi 100,000

Izi kuswana
wotchedwa wokhazikika.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito
komanso njira yoikira
kuswana i.e.

Mu 1 ml ya yankho
ikhale ndi 200,000 penicillin.

Chifukwa cha
kuswana 1 000 000ED kofunikira mu
syringe yodzaza zosungunulira za 5.0 ml.

500 000ED
———-- 2.5 ml ya solvent.

Penicillin
botolo limapangidwa m'magawo 250,000, magawo 500,000,
Magawo 1,000,000.

Yankho silingathe
tenthetsani pamene ikusweka
sakani tsiku limodzi pamalo abwino. Iodini
amawononga penicillin kotero ng'ombe
tsamba la vial ndi jekeseni silichiritsidwa
ayodini. Lowani malinga ndi chiwembu 4-6 pa tsiku malinga
mankhwala a dokotala pambuyo pa maola 4 osasokoneza
regimens, popeza mankhwalawa ayenera
kudziunjikira kuchitapo kanthu kogwira ntchito
wodwala.

Streptomycin amamasulidwa mu mawonekedwe a
crystalline ufa mwapadera
Mbale. Zitha kutayika m'magalamu
ndi m'mayunitsi (mayunitsi).

Mu
za lero
Mbale zokhala ndi streptomycin zilipo
1.0 g iliyonse, 0,5 g, 0,25 g.
Musanagwiritse ntchito, streptomycin imasungunuka
0.25% kapena 0,5% novocaine yankho
kusalolera payekha
novocaine ntchito isotonic
wosabala sodium mankhwala enaake
madzi a jakisoni.

Chifukwa
zotupa za streptomycin zimagwiritsidwa ntchito
komanso njira ziwiri: muyezo
komanso zolimbikira.

Cholinga: konzekerani
Maantibayotiki othandizira.

Kukhazikitsa mankhwala dokotala.

Zosintha m'mabotolo (ma ampoules)
mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zosungunulira
tsiku lotha ntchito, kusintha kwa matupi awo
katundu (kusintha kwa mtundu, maonekedwe
masamba, yankho lamitambo, etc.).

Zida: gwiritsani tebulo, chosabala
mipira, 70 mowa kapena dermal
antiseptic, syringe wosabala ndi singano ya
seti ya zosungunulira kuchokera ku zochulukirapo kapena
vial, solvent jakisoni singano
wosabala vial ndi mankhwala
ma tweezers, mafayilo amisomali, lumo, maantibayotiki,
sol sol of antibiotics, ma tray
kwa mipira ya singano, zotengera
ndi des.

r-mi kapena zotengera za kalasi "B",
chigoba, magolovesi

Cholinga: zamankhwala
ndi diagnostic.

Chithandizo chadzidzidzi, chithandizo
kudwala kwambiri, kusatheka kwa makampani
Kukonzekera mwanjira ina, kukonzekera
kugwiritsa ntchito njira zofufuzira
kugwiritsa ntchito wothandizira.

- payekha
tsankho la mankhwala,

- kusatheka
kupezeka kwa mitsempha

- kuphwanya
kukhulupirika pakhungu pamalowo jekeseni.

Zida: gome logwira, thireyi lopangidwa ndi impso
wosabala - 1 pc. tray yosawoneka-1
ma PC

1 zokoma alendo syringe jakisoni
ntchito imodzi 10,0-20.0 ml.

, chida chomenyedwa
kunyamula komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito
1 syringe ampoules: korglikon,
strophanthin, glucose, calcium chloride
10%, sodium chloride 0,9%, wapamwamba,
machubu oyesa, ma bix ndi mavalidwe,
sopo wamadzimadzi, pilo yamafuta-1pc.

,
chopukutira chovala cha mphira-1,
magolovesi osalala-1para, oteteza
chophimba (magalasi), chigoba, zopukutira kapena thonje
Mipira itatu mankhwala opha tizilombo.

Chongani
kukwanira kwa zida zothandizira "Anti-AIDS"!

Masiteji

Kulungamitsidwa

I. Kukonzekera kwa
kunyenga.

1. Cook
chilichonse chomwe muyenera kuchita
njira.

2.
Khazikitsani ubale wochezeka
ndi wodwala.

3.
Fotokozerani kuzindikira kwa odwala
za mankhwala ndikupeza
kuvomereza kwake pakunyenga.

5. Njira
manja mosamala mwaukhondo
magolovesi.

6.
Onani kuyenera kwa mankhwalawa
amatanthauza (dzina, mlingo, tsiku lotha ntchito,
thupi).

7.
Tsimikizani kugonjanso
mankhwala
dokotala.

8. Njira
khosi la ma ampoule (kapu yamabotolo) yokhala ndi mipira
ndi mowa kawiri.

9.
Konzani syringe ndi singano kuti izikhala
mankhwala.

10. Lowetsani syringe
zofunikira zomwe zapatsidwa
mankhwala pamenepo
dzazani syringe yomweyo ndi zosungunulira.
Ma singano ogwiritsidwa ntchito ayenera kuyikidwa mu des.
yankho.

11.
Ikani singano pa syringe cone kuti
jekeseni wamkati, kumasulidwa
mlengalenga. Ikani mchikwama.

12.
Konzani osachepera 5 mipira
wothira mowa ndikuyika
thireyi wosabala kapena thumba lojambula.

II.
Kuphedwa kwa njirayi.

13. Yesani
pezani wodwala kapena, ngati kuli kofunikira
mthandizeni ndi chimenecho. Pangani malo
jekeseni (tsamba la ulnar veinar).

14. Pansi pa chopondera
ikani chovala chamafuta pa wodwala.
Ikani zokopa kumapewa kwa wodwala 5
masentimita pamwamba pa chopondera, yokutidwa
ndi chopukutira (kapena zovala zake).

Chidziwitso: mukamagwiritsa ntchito alendo
zimachitika pa radial mtsempha wamagazi sikuyenera
Kusintha. Khungu pansi pamalopo
ulendo wokonzedwanso, Vienna
kutupa. Pofuna kudzaza
Kukoka kwaulendo wakuwonetserako kumasulidwa.

15.
Funsani odwala kuti azigwira ntchito ndi cam
(Finyani - malume)

16. Njira
magolovesi antiseptic.

17. Onani
mtsempha wa wodwala.

18. Njira
tsamba la jekeseni ndi mpira wa mowa kuchokera
zotumphukira pakati:
m'mimba mwake

19. Tengani syringe
dzanja lamanja kuti forefeso
chala chinakhazikitsa singano pamwamba,
yang'anani patency ya singano ndipo
kusowa kwa mpweya mu syringe.

20. Njira
tsamba la jekeseni ndi mpira wamowa,
Funsani wodwala kuti agwire cam.

21. Kuti tikonze
msempha ndi chala chakumanzere
Kubaya khungu (singano ndi odulidwa)
ndi kulowa vein 1/3 ya kutalika kwa singano.

22. Kokerani kumbuyo
piston pa nokha, onetsetsani
magazi mu syringe.

23. Funsani
lemekeza wodwalayo, masulani
kumanga ndi dzanja lake lamanzere, kukoka imodzi
kuchokera kumalire omasuka.

24. Kokani kachiwiri
piston paokha, onetsetsani kuti singano
ili ku Vienna.

25.
Popanda kusintha manja, dinani kumanzere
koka ndikubaya pang'onopang'ono mankhwalawo.
kuyang'ana momwe wodwalayo alili.

26. Mu syringe
siyani 1ml yamankhwala
mankhwala.

27. Ndi mpira
ndi mowa kumalo a jakisoni, chotsani
singano, funsani wodwala kuti mugwade
Gwiranani ndi dzanja lanu;
mowa kwa mphindi 5 (ndiye mpira
ikani des. yankho).

III
Mapeto a njirayi.

28.
Mu chidebe chokhala ndi des.
nadzatsuka syringe ndi yankho
singano. Kenako ikani singano ndi syringe
zida zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi des. zothetsera choncho
kotero kuti njira ndizodzaza ndi des.
yankho.

29.
Chotsani magolovu
kumiza iwo mu des. yankho.

30.
Sambani ndi manja owuma.

31.
Jambulani za
kuchita njirayi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino
kuchita mabodza.

Maganizo a Humane
kwa wodwala. Wodwala ali ndi ufulu wodziwa zambiri.

Chenjezo
zovuta. Kuphedwa komwe
malangizo a dotolo.

Kulondola
pusitsa.

Kulondola
pusitsa.

Kulondola
pusitsa. Kupewa
embolism wamlengalenga.

Chitetezo
kuchita mabodza. Kufikira kwa
tsamba la jakisoni.

Kupeza bwino
mtsempha.

Kuwongolera
kutsata kolondola kwa alendo.

Zabwino kwambiri
mitsempha yodzaza.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino
kuchita njirayi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino
kuchita njirayi.

Dulani ulamuliro
mu mtsempha.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino
kuchita njirayi.

Chenjezo
mphamvu za talc pa
khungu.

Kutalika kwamafuta

Yaitali - mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, omwe samayamba kuyambira pakukonzekera insulin, koma patapita nthawi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali sikokhazikika, osati episodic. Ngakhale adokotala adakulangizani komanso kukambirana zambiri pazam'kamwa, wodwalayo sakudziwa malamulo owerengera insulin komanso kuchuluka kwake. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mahomoni opitilira muyeso ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa glucose pamlingo wokhazikika. Chofunikira pa matenda ashuga a mitundu yonse iwiri, koma si onse. Ambiri safuna mankhwala omwe amakhala nawo kwa nthawi yayitali - adotolo amangodziyankha mwachidule kapena kopitilira muyeso, komwe amaletsa kudumpha kwa shuga pambuyo pakukonzekera.

Ndiosavuta kusankha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni owonjezera. Kupatula apo, kuchuluka kwa insulini kutsata sikungadalire kusintha kwa shuga masana pazifukwa za kudya, komanso makonzedwe aifupi kapena aifupi musanadye. Mankhwala ndikofunikira kuti makonzedwe oyenera azikhala komanso osakhazikitsidwa kuti apulumutsidwe pachimake.

Kuti muwerenge molondola kuchuluka kwa insulini mu matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kuchita zotsatirazi:

• Tsiku 1 - yambani kuwerengera ola limodzi la glucose kuyambira nthawi yomwe mumadzuka mpaka chakudya chamasana, osadya pakanthawi kochepa (lembani zotsatira zake).
• Tsiku 2 - idyani chakudya cham'mawa, ndipo mukatha maola atatu muyeso wa ola limodzi mpaka chakudya chamadzulo (nkhomaliro siyiperekedwa).
• Tsiku 3 - chakudya cham'mawa ndi nkhomaliro amaloledwa, chakudya chamadzulo sichimayikidwa - muyeso wa ola limodzi tsiku lonse.

Ngati Mlingo wa insulin utatsimikizika molondola, ndiye kuti m'mawa pa tsiku la 1 magawo azikhala mu 4,9-5 mmol / L, patsiku lachiwiri - osati kupitirira 7.9-8 mmol / L, ndipo lachitatu ─ zosakwana 11.9-12 mmol / l. Ngati Zizindikiro ndizabwinobwino, ndiye kuti zonse zili mu dongosolo ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthu zowerengedwa kulondola. Ngati shuga amachepetsa, ndiye kuti Mlingo wa insulin uyenera kutsitsidwa - mankhwala osokoneza bongo mwina. Pazowonetsa pamwambapa zomwe zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mlingo ndi makonzedwe a insulin.

Kutsimikiza kwa chizolowezi cha timadzi tambiri

Mwachidule amatchedwa mahomoni okhala ndi nthawi yochepa yochita. Amalembedwa kuti ayimitse kugunda, ndi kulumpha kwakuthwa muzizindikiro za shuga, komanso musanadye. Idzachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mpaka magawo ofunikira. Asanayambe kuperekera insulin, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tidziwe mlingo woyenera kwa munthu. Chifukwa cha izi, wodwalayo amayeza shuga kwa sabata limodzi ndikusintha Zizindikiro. Ngati zotsatila za tsiku ndi tsiku zimakhala zabwinobwino, ndipo mukatha kudya chakudya, magazi a shuga amawonjezeka kwambiri, ndiye kuti m'thupi mwanu mumaperekedwa chakudya chodwala tsiku lililonse madzulo - musanadye. Ngati kudumpha kwa shuga kumachitika pambuyo pa chakudya chilichonse, kupatsirana insulin katatu. Muyenera kumwa mankhwalawa nthawi iliyonse musanadye.

Kuti muwone mopitilira muyeso wamagazi gwiritsani ntchito glucometer! Ndi izo, kusanthula kungachitike kunyumba!

Dokotala wopezekapo ayenera kusankha kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse, motsogozedwa ndi deta yomwe ipezeka poyesa: jakisoni amapangidwa mphindi 40 asanadye. Kenako, mphindi 30 ndi 20 chakudya chisanafike, mfundozo zimayezedwa. Ngati shuga atsika ndi 0,3 mmol / L, mutha kuyamba kudya osawopa hypoglycemic effect. Ngati palibe kuchepetsedwa ngakhale mphindi 40 pambuyo pa kubayidwa, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amaika kaye chakudyacho, kwinaku akuyezera zodutsa mphindi zisanu zilizonse mpaka kusintha kokhazikika Kuyesaku kumapitilira mpaka mlingo wa mahomoni achidulewo usintha ndi 50%. Kuyesera uku ndikofunika pomwe zizindikiro za mita sizikuposa 7.6 mmol / L. Inde, mankhwala osankhidwa moyenera, poganizira momwe thupi limakhalira, ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa wodwala.

Kutenga mahomoni ofupikira

Horm-yochepa kwambiri imaperekedwanso chakudya musanadye, koma njirayi imachitika kale kwa mphindi 15-5. Kuchita kwake kumakhala kochepa kwambiri pakapita nthawi kuposa kuchitapo kanthu kwa timadzi tambiri, kumachitika mwachangu, komanso kumatha mwachangu. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kungathe kuwerengedwa polingalira za phindu lomwe mwapeza poyeserera. Monga lamulo, kuwerengera kumachitika chimodzimodzi monga momwe zinalili kale, koma kuganizira nthawi yochepetsedwa ya nthawi ya kuyambika kwa chinthu.

Mulimonsemo, dokotala amayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chinthu chofunikira kuti apereke njira yothandizira. Katswiriyu amadziwa kuchuluka kwa insulini imodzi m'magazi, poganizira zomwe zimachitika mthupi la munthu, kutengera chidziwitso cha chiphunzitso, zotsatira za ma labotale ndi mbiri yakale ya zamankhwala. Kupitilira muyeso wofunikira komanso osalandira kuchuluka kwa mayunitsi kuopsa kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, kudzilamulira nokha kapena kudzipereka kwa mankhwalawo kungakhudze kwambiri mkhalidwewo, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto.

Mphamvu yokhudza thupi ya insulin

Pharmacology yamakono imapanga kufanana kwathunthu kwa mahomoni amunthu. Izi zimaphatikizapo nkhumba ndi insulini, zopangidwa ndi mainjiniering. Kutengera ndi nthawi yochitapo kanthu, mankhwalawa amagawidwa mwachidule komanso a ultrashort, aatali komanso opitilira muyeso. Palinso mankhwala omwe mahomoni amtundu wa nthawi yayitali amasakanikirana.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 amalandira mitundu iwiri ya jakisoni. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa jakisoni "woyambira" komanso "wamfupi".

Mtundu 1 umapatsidwa gawo la 0,5-1 pa kilogalamu imodzi patsiku. Pafupifupi, magawo 24 amalandiridwa. Koma, zoona zake, mankhwalawa amatha kusiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mwachitsanzo, mwa munthu yemwe wangopeza kumene za matenda ake ndikuyamba kubayitsa mahomoni, mlingo umachepetsedwa kangapo.

Izi zimatchedwa "tsogolo la wokondedwa" wa matenda ashuga. Jakisoni amathandizira pancreatic ntchito ndipo maselo abwinobwino a beta amayamba kupanga mahomoni ena. Matendawa amatha kuyambira mwezi umodzi mpaka umodzi, koma ngati chithandizo chamankhwala, zakudya ndi zolimbitsa thupi zimawonedwa, "phokoso laukwati" limatha kukhalanso nthawi yayitali. Insulin yocheperako imabayidwa musanadye kaye.

Mangati amayiti kuti ayikere chakudya?

Kuti muwerenge mankhwalawa molondola, muyenera kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa XE m'mbale yophika. Ma insulin amafupizawa amakanthidwa pamiyeso ya mayunitsi a 0.5-1-1,5-2 pa XE.

Ndi matenda omwe angopezedwa kumene, munthu amagonekedwa m'chipatala ku dipatimenti ya endocrinology, komwe madokotala odziwitsa amasankha mitundu yoyenera. Koma kamodzi kunyumba, mlingo womwe dokotala watchulidwa ukhoza kukhala wosakwanira.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake wodwala aliyense amaphunzira kusukulu ya shuga, komwe amauzidwa momwe amawerengera mankhwalawo ndikusankha muyeso woyenera wa magawo a mkate.

Kuwerengera kwa shuga

Kuti musankhe mtundu woyenera wa mankhwalawa, muyenera kukhala ndi cholembera cha kudziletsa.

Ikuwonetsa:

• Magulu a glycemia musanadye komanso chakudya,
• anadya mkate,
• Mlingo kutumikiridwa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito diary kuthana ndi kufunika kwa insulin sikovuta. Ndi magawo angati oti ayambe kudwala, wodwalayo mwini ayenera kudziwa, poyesa ndi zolakwitsa kudziwa zosowa zake. Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, muyenera kuyimbira foni pafupipafupi kapena kukumana ndi endocrinologist, funsani mafunso ndi kupeza mayankho. Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yobwezera matenda anu ndikukhalitsa.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Ndi matenda amtunduwu, "maziko" ake amatulutsa 1 - 2 pa tsiku. Zimatengera mankhwala osankhidwa. Ena amakhala maola 12, pomwe ena amakhala tsiku lathunthu. Pakati pa mahomoni afupiafupi, Novorapid ndi Humalog amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Ku Novorapid, chochitikachi chimayamba mphindi 15 pambuyo pa jakisoni, pambuyo pa ola limodzi chafika pachimake, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa hypoglycemic. Ndipo pakatha maola 4 amasiya kugwira ntchito.

The humalogue imayamba kugwira ntchito patatha mphindi 2-3 pambuyo pakubayidwa, imafika pachimodzimodzi pakatha theka la ora ndipo imathera pomwe imatha maola 4.

Kanema wokhala ndi chitsanzo chowerengera mlingo:

Type 2 shuga

Kwa nthawi yayitali, odwala samachita jakisoni, izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti kapamba amatulutsa timadzi tokha, ndipo mapiritsi amawonjezera chidwi cha minofu kwa icho.

Kulephera kutsatira zakudya, kunenepa kwambiri, ndi kusuta kumayambitsa chiwopsezo champhamvu kwambiri cha ziphuphu, ndipo odwala amatenthedwa insulin kwathunthu.

Mwanjira ina, kapamba amaleka kutulutsa insulini kenako odwala amafunika jakisoni.

Mu magawo oyamba a matendawa, odwala amapatsidwa jekeseni woyambira.

Anthu amawaba jakisoni 1 kapena 2 pa tsiku. Ndipo limodzi ndi jakisoni, mapiritsi amakonzedwa amatengedwa.

Ngati "maziko" ake akakhala osakwanira (wodwalayo amakhala ndi shuga wambiri, zovuta zimawonekera - kutaya kwamaso, mavuto a impso), amapatsidwa mahoni ochepa pakudya.

Pankhaniyi, ayeneranso kutenga maphunziro asukulu ya shuga pa kuwerengera XE ndikusankha mlingo woyenera.

Mankhwala a insulin

Pali mitundu ingapo yamalamulidwe:

1. Jakisoni m'modzi - regimen iyi imakonda kuperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2.
2. Ma regiment angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amtundu wa shuga.

Asayansi amakono apeza kuti jakisoni wambiri amatengera kapamba ndipo amakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya chamoyo chonse. Chifukwa chaichi, pampu ya insulin idapangidwa.

Awa ndi pampu yapadera pomwe ma ampoule omwe ali ndi insulin yayifupi. Kuchokera pamenepo, maikolofoni imalumikizidwa ndi khungu la munthu. Pampu imapatsidwa pulogalamu yapadera, malinga ndi yomwe kukonzekera kwa insulin kumalowa pansi pa khungu la munthu mphindi iliyonse.

Pakudya, munthu amayika magawo ofunikira, ndipo pampu imadzilowera payekha pazofunikira. Pampu ya insulin ndi njira ina yabwino yopangira jakisoni wopitilira. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mapampu omwe amayeza shuga. Tsoka ilo, chipangizocho pachokha komanso zothandizira mwezi uliwonse ndizokwera mtengo.

Boma limapereka zolembera zapadera za onse odwala matenda ashuga. Pali ma syringe otayika, kutanthauza kuti, insulin ikatha, imatayidwa ndipo yatsopano imayamba. M'mapensulo osinthika, cartridge yamankhwala imasintha, ndipo cholembera chikugwirabe ntchito.

Cholembera chimbale chili ndi njira yosavuta. Kuti muyambe kuzigwiritsa ntchito, muyenera kuyikamo katemera wa insulin, kuvala singano ndikuyimba insulin.

Mapensulo ndi a ana ndi akulu. Kusiyanako kukukhala poti ma cholembera a ana amakhala ndi gawo la insulin yamagulu 0,5, pomwe akuluakulu ali ndi 1 unit.

Insulin iyenera kusungidwa pakhomo la firiji. Koma syringe yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku mufiriji siyiyenera kunama, chifukwa mahomoni ozizira amasintha katundu wake ndikupangitsa kuti lipodystrophy - yomwe imakonda kupezeka ndi insulin, pomwe ma cell amapezeka.

M'nyengo yotentha, komanso kuzizira, muyenera kubisa syringe yanu mufiriji yapadera, yomwe imateteza insulini ku hypothermia komanso kutentha kwambiri.

Malamulo a insulin

Kupanga jekeseni palokha ndikosavuta. Kwa insulin yayifupi, m'mimba mumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali, ndipo kwanthawi yayitali (maziko) - phewa, ntchafu kapena matako.

Mankhwalawa amayenera kupita m'mafuta osakanikirana. Ndi jakisoni wokhoza molakwika, kukula kwa lipodystrophy ndikotheka. Singano imayilidwa perpendicular pakhungu la pakhungu.

Syringe Pen Algorithm:

1. Sambani manja.
2. Pa mphete ya kukakamira, imbani 1 unit, yomwe imatuluka mlengalenga.
3. Mlingowo umayikidwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi zomwe dokotala wakupatsani, kusintha kwa mankhwalawa kuyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi endocrinologist. Chiwerengero chofunikira cha mayunitsi amalembedwa, khola limapangidwa. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, ngakhale kuwonjezeka pang'ono m'mayunitsi kumatha kukhala koopsa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofunikira kuyeza shuga la magazi ndikusunga diary ya kudziletsa.
4. Chotsatira, muyenera kukanikiza pamunsi pa syringe ndikubaya yankho. Pambuyo pa mankhwala, mankhwalawo samachotsedwa. Ndikofunikira kuwerengera mpaka 10 ndipo pokhapokha mutulutse singano ndikumasulira khola.
5. Simungathe kubayira m'malo ndi mabala otseguka, chotupa pakhungu, m'dera la zipsera.
6. Jekeseni yatsopano iliyonse iyenera kuchitidwa m'malo atsopano, ndiye kuti, ndizoletsedwa kulowetsamo malo omwewo.

Phunziro la kanema pogwiritsa ntchito cholembera:

Nthawi zina odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin. Vial ya insulin solution ikhoza kukhala ndi 1 ml 40, 80 kapena 100 mayunitsi. Kutengera izi, syringe yofunikira imasankhidwa.

Algorithm yakhazikitse insulin:

1. Pukuta chopukutira chemba cha botolo ndi nsalu. Yembekezerani mowa kuti uume. Ikani syringe muyezo wofunika wa insulini kuchokera ku vial + 2, yikani kapu.
2. Chiritsani tsamba la jakisoni ndi misozi ya mowa, dikirani kuti mowawo uume.
3. Chotsani kapu, tulutsani mpweya, nthandizani mofulumira singano pamakwerero mpaka madigiri 45 kulowa mkati mwa mafuta osanjikiza thupi lonse kutalika kwake, ndikudula.
4. Mumasuleni crease ndikubowola pang'onopang'ono insulin.
5. Mukachotsa singano, ikanikeni ndi swab ya thonje youma pamalowo.

Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa insulini ndikuchita jakisoni moyenera ndiko maziko othandizira odwala matenda ashuga. Wodwala aliyense ayenera kuphunzira izi. Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, zonsezi zimawoneka ngati zovuta kwambiri, koma nthawi yochepa kwambiri idzadutsa, ndipo kuwerengera kwa mankhwalawo ndi kuyambitsa insulin kudzachitika pamakinawo.