Gulu la mitundu ya insulini ndikugwiritsa ntchito

Kupanga kwa insulini m'thupi lathu kumasintha. Kuti mahomoni alowe m'magazi kuti atsanzire kutulutsa kwake komwe, odwala matenda ashuga amafunika mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulin. Mankhwalawa omwe amatha kukhala m'misempha yayitali kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo amalowerera m'magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti glycemia ikhale ndi pakati pa chakudya. Insulin, yomwe ikufika mofulumira m'magazi, imafunikira kuti muchepetse shuga m'matumbo pazakudya.

Ngati mitundu ndi Mlingo wa mahomoni amasankhidwa molondola, glycemia mu odwala matenda ashuga komanso anthu athanzi amasiyana pang'ono. Poterepa, akuti shuga imalipidwa. Kubwezera matendawa ndi cholinga chachikulu cha mankhwalawo.

Zomwe gulu la insulin limagawidwa

Insulin yoyamba idapezeka kuchokera ku nyama, kuyambira pamenepo yakhala ikusinthidwa koposa kamodzi. Tsopano mankhwala osokoneza bongo a nyama sagwiritsidwanso ntchito, adasinthidwa ndi ma genetic engineering hormone ndi ma insulin analogies atsopano. Mitundu yonse ya insulini yomwe tili nayo ingagawike m'magulu molingana ndi kapangidwe ka molekyulu, nthawi yayitali, komanso kapangidwe kake.

Njira yothetsera jakisoni ikhoza kukhala ndi mahomoni amitundu yosiyanasiyana:

1. Wamunthu. Adalandira dzina ili chifukwa amabwereza kwathunthu kapangidwe ka insulin m'matumbo athu. Ngakhale ma molekyuli adachitika mokwanira, kutalika kwa insulin yamtunduwu ndi kosiyana ndi kwamoyo. Hormone yochokera ku kapamba imalowa m'magazi nthawi yomweyo, pomwe mahomoni opanga amatenga nthawi kuti ayamwe kuchokera kuzinthu zowononga.
2. Insulin analogues. Thupi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito lili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi insulin yaumunthu, ntchito yofanana ndi yochepetsera shuga. Nthawi yomweyo, zotsalira za amino acid zochepa zomwe zimakhala mu molekyulu zimasinthidwa ndi wina. Kusintha kumeneku kumakupatsani mwayi kufulumizitsa kapena kuchepetsa liwiro la mahomoni kuti mubwereze mwatsatanetsatane kapangidwe ka thupi.

Mitundu yonse iwiri ya insulini imapangidwa ndi mainjiniine. Timadzi timene timalandidwa ndikumukakamiza kuti apange mankhwala a Escherichia coli kapena a yisiti, pambuyo pake mankhwalawo amatsukidwa kambiri.

Popeza nthawi ya insulin ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awa:

Kutengera ndi kapangidwe kake, mankhwalawo amagawidwa kukhala amodzi ndi amodzi. Zoyambazo zimakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa insulin, zotsalazo zimaphatikizira yochepa komanso yapakatikati kapena ya ultrashort ndi mahomoni ataliatali mosiyanasiyana.

Ultrashort insulin

Kubwera kwa insulin ya ultrashort kwakhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri kuti likwaniritse chiphuphu cha matenda ashuga. Mbiri yamachitidwe mwa iwo ili pafupi kwambiri ndi ntchito ya mahomoni achilengedwe. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yamtunduwu kumatha kuchepetsa shuga kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia ndi mayankho osiyanasiyana.

Mitundu ya insulin ya inshuwaransi imalembedwa kuti iwoneke pamsika:

Mapindu omwe atchulidwa patebulopo sakhala othandiza kwa odwala matenda ashuga ambiri, chifukwa chake mutha kusankha mankhwalawa chifukwa cha insulin. Kusinthanitsa ndi insulini imodzi ya ultrashort ndi ina ndikofunikira pokhapokha ngati pali tsankho pamagulu a mankhwalawa, omwe ndi osowa kwambiri.

Insulin yochepa

Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo ma insulin aumunthu oyera, apo ayi amatchedwa okhazikika. Zochitika pakakonzedwe kakanthawi kochepa sikogwirizana ndi thupi. Kuti akhale ndi nthawi yowonjezera ntchito yawo, amafunika kuwabedwa theka la ola asanadye. Pamafunika chakudya chochuluka pang'onopang'ono m'zakudya. Pansi pa izi, kutuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumagwirizana ndi nsonga ya insulin yochepa.

Kutalika kokwanira kwa mankhwalawa kwamankhwala amtunduwu kumafika maola 8, zotsatira zake zazikulu zimatha pambuyo pa maola 5, motero insulin imakhalabe m'magazi pamene shuga idayamba kale chakudya. Popewa hypoglycemia, odwala matenda ashuga amakakamizidwa kuti azikhala ndi zakudya zazowonjezera.

Ngakhale zolakwitsa, ma insulin afupipafupi nthawi zambiri amalembera odwala matenda ashuga. Kudzipereka kwa madotolo kumachitika chifukwa chodziwa zambiri ndi mankhwalawa, mtengo wawo wotsika, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ambiri.

Mitundu ya insulin yochepa:

Mitundu ya insulin ndi kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu

Mitundu ya insulin ndi kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu5 (100%) adavota 1

Kupeza insulini komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwake odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kwasintha kwambiri m'miyoyo ya ambiri. Mwa kufunikira kwakupezeka kwachipatala, mawonekedwe a insulin angayerekezedwe ndi maantibayotiki.

Insulin inafalikira mwachangu, kukhala njira yothandiza yopulumutsira anthu masauzande ambiri. Pali gulu la insulin, lomwe limaphatikizidwa ndi anthu ambiri m'njira zambiri. Munkhaniyi, ndiyesa kuona mitundu yonse ya insulini ndi zotsatira zake.

Gulu la zigawo

Zokonzekera zamakono zonse za insulin, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi makampani opanga mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi, zimasiyana m'njira zingapo. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gulu la insulin lipangidwe ndi:

• chiyambi
• kuthamanga kolowera pakulowetsedwa mthupi ndi nthawi yayitali yothandizirana,
• kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa kwa mankhwala ndi njira yodziyeretsera timadzi tambiri.

Kutengera ndi chiyambi, gulu la insulin limakonzekera:

1. Zachilengedwe - biosynthetic - Mankhwala achilengedwe achilengedwe opangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kapamba amakondera ng'ombe. Njira zoterezi zimapangidwira matepi a insulin GPP, ultralente MS. Actrapid insulin, insulrap SPP, monotard MS, semilent ndi ena amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito nkhumba kapamba.
2. Zopangira kapena mitundu ya mankhwala a insulin. Mankhwalawa amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira ma genetic. Insulin imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa DNA recombinant. Mwanjira imeneyi, ma insulins monga actrapid NM, homofan, isofan NM, humulin, ultratard NM, monotard NM, etc. amapangidwa.

Kutengera njira zakudziyeretsa komanso kuyera kwa mankhwala omwe amayambitsidwa, insulin imasiyanitsidwa:

• crystallized komanso osatchulidwa - ruppa imaphatikizapo ambiri a insulin yachikhalidwe. Zomwe zidapangidwa kale ku gawo la Russian Federation, pakadali pano gululi la mankhwala silipangidwa ku Russia,
• osasefa komanso osasefedwa ndi miyala, makonzedwe a gululi ndi amodzi kapena amodzi.
• crystallized ndikuyeretsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma gels ndi ion exchange chromatography, gululi limaphatikizapo ma insulins a monocomponent.

Gulu la crystallized ndi kusefedwa ndi ma cell sieves ndi ion chromatography limaphatikizapo ma insulins Actrapid, Insulrap, Actrapid MS, Semilent MS, Monotard MS ndi Ultralent MS.

Kugawika malinga ndi kuthamanga ndi kutalika kwa zochita za insulin zimaphatikizapo magulu otsatirawa a mankhwalawa.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali mwachangu komanso mwachidule. Gululi limaphatikizapo mankhwala monga Actrapid, Actrapid MS, Actrapid NM, Insulrap, Homorap 40, Insuman Rapid ndi ena ambiri.

Kutalika kwa mankhwalawa kumayambira mphindi 15-30 pambuyo pa kumwa mankhwala kwa wodwala matenda a shuga. Kutalika kwa mankhwalawa kumawonedwa kwa maola 6-8 pambuyo pa kubayidwa.

Mankhwala okhala ndi nthawi yayitali yochitapo kanthu. Gulu la mankhwalawa limaphatikizapo Semilent MS, - Humulin N, tepi ya Humulin, Homofan, - tepi, tepi ya MS, Monotard MS.

Mankhwala omwe ali mgululi a insulin amayamba kuchita 1-2 patatha jakisoni, mankhwalawa amatha kwa maola 12-16. Gululi limaphatikizaponso mankhwala monga Iletin I NPH, Iletin II NPH, Insulong SPP, insulin tepi GPP, SPP, yomwe imayamba kugwira ntchito patatha maola 2-4 jekeseni.

Ndipo kutalika kwa nthawi ya insulin m'gulu lino ndi maola 20-24.

Mankhwala ovuta, omwe amaphatikiza ma insulin apakatikati ndi insulin yochepa. Ma protein omwe ali m'gululi amayamba kuchita mphindi 30 pambuyo pobweretsa matenda a shuga mthupi la munthu, ndipo nthawi yovuta imeneyi imachokera ku maola 10 mpaka 24.

Kukonzekera kovuta kumaphatikizapo Aktrafan NM, Humulin M-1, M-2, M-3, M-4, insuman comb. 15.85, 25.75, 50.50.

Mankhwala okhalitsa. Gawoli limaphatikizapo zida zamankhwala zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo wogwira ntchito m'thupi kuyambira maola 24 mpaka 28. Gawoli la zida zamankhwala limaphatikizapo ma Ultra-tepi, ma-Ultra-tepi NM, Ultra-tepi NM, insulin super-tepi SPP, humulin Ultra-tepi, ultratard NM.

Kusankha kwa mankhwala ofunikira chithandizo kumachitika ndi endocrinologist chifukwa cha zotsatira za kuyesedwa kwa thupi la wodwalayo.

Insulin ndi timadzi tambiri tomwe timayambitsa matenda a shuga.

M'matenda a metabolic, makamaka matenda a shuga, kuchuluka pakati pa kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi mphamvu ya thupi yopangira imasokonekera.

Poterepa, endocrinologist imapereka mankhwala omwe atha kuperewera. Ma insulini onse amadziwika ndi kuthamanga kwa nthawi yawo yoyambira komanso nthawi yayitali, komanso kuchokera komwe adachokera.

Mitundu ya insulin malinga ndi kuthamanga ndi kutalika kwa zochita:

1. kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu (kosavuta) kapena kotenga thupi pakanthawi kochepa,
2. yochepa kuchita insulin
3. nthawi yayitali yochita
4. insulin yayitali kapena yayitali,
5. kuphatikiza (kapena kusakanizika).

Kukonzekera kwa insulashort insulin kumayamba kugwira ntchito atangoyamba kulowa m'thupi, kufika pachimake pafupifupi ola limodzi ndi theka, ndikuchita zonse kwa maola 3-4. Ma insulini oterowo amaperekedwa nthawi isanayambe kapena itatha chakudya: kadzutsa, nkhomaliro, chakudya chamadzulo.

Ma insulin a ultrashort oterowo amaphatikizapo Insulin Apidra, Novo-Rapid, ndi Insulin Humalog.

Ma insulin ofupikirawo amayamba kugwira ntchito pafupifupi mphindi 20-30, mphamvu zambiri zimachitika patatha maola awiri pambuyo pa makonzedwe, kutalika konse kwa zochitika pafupifupi maola 5-6. Ma insulin achidule amaperekedwa asanadye, kupumulira nthawi zambiri kumakhalidwa pakati pa jakisoni ndi chakudya - mphindi 10-15.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin yochepa, muyenera kukhala ndi "chakudya chambiri", patatha pafupifupi maola awiri jekeseni atatha, nthawi yakudya iyenera kuyenderana ndi nthawi yoyenera ya mankhwalawa. Ma insulin afupia: "Insulin Actrapid", "Humulin Regular", "Insuman Rapid", "Humodar", "Monodar" (K50, K30, K15).

Gulu la omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma insulin apakati amaphatikiza ma insulini omwe amakhala ndi nthawi 12-16 yowonekera.

Mankhwala oterewa amafunika jakisoni 2-3 patsiku, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi gawo la maola 8-12, chifukwa amayamba "kugwira ntchito" patatha pafupifupi maola 2-3, ndipo zotsatira zake zimawonekera kwina patatha maola 6-8.

Insulini zotere "zapakati" zimaphatikizapo Protafan, Insulin Humulin NPH, Humodar br, Insuman Bazal, Insulin Novomiks.

Ma insulini omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali kapena amakhala akuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati insulin. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito katatu pa tsiku. Ali ndi katundu wa 'kudzikundikira' m'thupi, ndiye kuti mphamvu zake zimawonekera m'masiku atatu, koma ma insulini omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali amayamba "kugwira ntchito" patatha maola 4-6 pambuyo pa jakisoni.

Mankhwala omwe akuphatikizidwa m'gululi ndi: "Insulin Lantus", "Monodar Long", "Monodar Ultralong", "Ultralente", "Ultralong", "Humulin L". Mwa ma insulin omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali mumakhala ma insulini omwe amatchedwa "zopanda pake", omwe samapereka kutchulidwa kokwanira, amachita zinthu modekha komanso pafupifupi osinthana ndi insulin ya insulin mwa munthu wathanzi.

Ma insulin opanda kanthu: Levemir, Lantus.

Mitundu ya insulini kuyambira:

1. ng'ombe insulin - yotengedwa kuchokera ku zikondamoyo za ng'ombe, ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi insulin ya anthu, nthawi zambiri sizigwirizana. Kukonzekera: "Insulrap GPP", "Ultralent", "Ultralent MS".
2. nkhumba - imasiyana ndi insulin ya munthu mu amino acid amodzi, komanso amathanso kuyambitsa mavuto. Kukonzekera: "Monodar ultralong", "Monodar Long", "Monodar K" (15.30.50), "Monosuinsulin" ndi "Insulrap SPP".
3. munthu insulin analogues ndi genulin mwanjira.

Ma insuliniwa amapezeka mosiyanasiyana: koyamba, insulin yaumunthu imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito Escherichia coli, ndipo chachiwiri, imapezeka kuchokera ku chidzu, mwa "kulowetsa" amino acid.

Zotsatira za insulin yaumunthu zimaphatikizapo: Actrapid, Novorapid, Lantus, Insulin Humulin, Insulin Humalog, Insulin Novomiks, Protafan.

Monga lamulo, phukusi la insulin limakhala ndi chizindikiro: zilembo "MS" zimatanthawuza kuti zimayeretsedwa monocomponent (gawo limodzi) insulin, ndipo "NM" ndi analogue ya insulin ya anthu.

Manambala "40" kapena "100" - akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mapiritsi a insulin m'mililita imodzi ya mankhwalawo. Insulin yayikulu-kuchokera ku mayunitsi zana mu millilita imodzi imatchedwa penphilic.

Kupanga jakisoni wa mankhwalawa, penti ya insulin yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zomwe thupi lanu limachita iliyonse ya mankhwalawa zimatengera kulolera kwanu komanso zizolowezi zanu: zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi, kumwa mowa. Osamayeserera pakudziyesa nokha: ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino yemwe angakupatseni insulin yoyenera ya vuto lanu.

Magazi a Tagidiabetes

Pali mitundu yambiri ya insulin yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga. Amawerengedwa mwachangu kuthamanga kwawo komanso kutalika kwa zotulukazo.

• Kuthamanga kwambiri (njira yayifupi kwambiri)
• Zochita zazifupi
• Kutalika kwapakati
• Kuchita kwanthawi yayitali
• Zophatikizika (zosakanizika)

Bungwe la United States la Food and Drug Administration lavomereza kuti mankhwala a Exubera insulin inhalation mu 2006. Koma mu 2007, kampani yopanga mankhwala Pfizer inasiya kugulitsa mankhwalawa pazifukwa zachuma.

Kodi ndi insulin yamtundu wanji yabwino kwambiri pa matenda anga a shuga?

Dokotala wanu akambirana nanu mtundu wa insulin wabwino kwambiri kwa inu komanso matenda anu a shuga. Chisankhochi chimatengera zinthu zambiri, mwachitsanzo:

• Kuyankha kwanu kwa thupi lanu ku insulin (kutalika kwa mayamwidwe a insulin m'thupi ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe amagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana anthu amasiyanasiyana).
• Zizolowezi zanu - mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa chakudya chomwe mumakonda, kuchuluka kwa mowa, ngati mumachita konse, kapena kuchuluka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi - ndizinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lanu lizigwiritsa ntchito insulin.
• Kodi mukufuna kuchita zochuluka motani jakisoni ochepa patsiku.
• Kodi mukufuna kangati kuyang'ana shuga wamagazi anu?
• Zaka zanu.
• Tsegulani shuga lanu lamagazi.

Gome lotsatirali likuwonetsa mitundu ya jakisoni wa insulin yokhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira cha chiyambi (nthawi yomwe insulin isanalowe mumtsinje wamagazi ndikuyamba kwake kuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse shuga la magazi), nsonga (nthawi yomwe insulin imachepetsa kwambiri magazi a shuga) ndi nthawi yanthawi yake ( insulin yayitali ikupitilira kutsika magazi).

Zizindikiro zitatuzi zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera momwe thupi lanu limayankhira. Ndime yomaliza imawerengera za mitundu ina ya zakudya za insulin.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulini - mahomoni ophatikizika mwanjira - makonzedwe a insulin ndi njira imodzi yochepetsera misempha yamagazi.

Insulin pamsika wamankhwala imayimiriridwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutengera chiyambi, kuthamanga ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsedwa.

Kugawa malinga ndi mfundo zoyenera kuchita komanso nthawi yayitali

Makulidwe awa amaphatikiza mitundu iyi ya mahomoni:

• Mwachidule - kutumikiridwa nthawi zambiri, koma yaying'ono.
• Zapakatikati - nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala ochokera ku gulu lakale, kupatula Hagedorn.
• Kutalika - kumakhala kofatsa komanso kopambana kuposa mitundu yina yomwe imatsanzira kupanga insulin.

Zazifupi (zosavuta) zolowetsa

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala a gululi kumachitika musanadye, ndipo zochitika za mahomoni otere zimayamba kotala la ola pambuyo pobayira. Kukula kwa mlingo kumakhudza mwachindunji nthawi ya insulin, yomwe imatha kukhala mpaka maola 8.

Mutha kulowetsamo mankhwala intramuscularly kapena subcutaneous, ndipo nthawi zina, pamene wodwala akudwala ketoacidosis kapena ali ndi vuto la matenda osokoneza bongo, jekeseni wothandizidwa ndi khansa amapatsidwa mankhwala.

Mitundu yayitali kapena yayitali ya insulin

Amasiyanitsidwa ndi chochita chachitali, chifukwa chomwe amatha kuchita ngati maziko kapena mahomoni oyambira. Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zokwanira kwa wodwala kupereka jakisoni wa 1-2 patsiku kuti akhalebe wabwinobwino.

Awa ndi ma insulin omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda a shuga a mtundu 2.

Kukhazikika kwa mahomoni oterewa kumachitika mkati mwa ola lachisanu pambuyo pakulowetsa, ndipo mphamvu yake ndi maola 24, ndi chiwonetsero chokwanira maola 14 mutatha.

Akatswiri akuwonetsa kuti njira yochepetsera shuga yocheperako pang'ono, yofanana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe ndi timadzi tomwe timapangidwa ndi endocrine gland mwanjira yachilengedwe.

Mankhwalawa amayenera kuperekedwa musanadye, zotsatira zake zimayamba pakatha mphindi 10. Ngati wodwala sangadziwe kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe angamwe, ndiye kuti kayendetsedwe ka timadzi timachedwetsedwa mpaka kumapeto kwa chakudya, pomwe kuchuluka kwa chakudya chodyedwa ndikosavuta kudziwa. Chiwonetsero cha zochitika chidzachitika ola limodzi ndi theka pambuyo pa kubayidwa.

Mankhwala a insulin ayenera kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi madokotala omwe amapezeka, omwe akuwonetsa nthawi yomwe chinthucho chimagwira.

Kutsatira anthu

Amapanga protein yomwe ili yofanana kwambiri ndi yomwe imapangidwa m'thupi la munthu m'njira ziwiri. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi kapangidwe ka insulin kudzera mwa Escherichia coli.

Njira ina ndikupanga ma protein aanthu kuchokera ku nkhumba yomwe imapangidwa.

Chimodzi mwa njirayi ndikuchotsa amino acid yomaliza yomwe imapangitsa kuti wodwala agundane.

Monopic

Kupititsa patsogolo kukonzekera kokhala ndi insulini, iko, kuphatikiza kukirira, kumayikidwa mu njira ina yodziyeretsera - chromatography, kusefera kwa gel. Kuchuluka kwodetsa motere kungathe kuchepetsedwa mpaka 10-3. Mankhwala oterewa amatha kuzindikirika polemba chizindikiro pa MR.

Chosungunulira

Chizindikiro cha MS chikuwonetsa kuti kukonzekera kwa insulin kunayesedwa mobwerezabwereza, chifukwa chomwe pafupifupi 100% ya mahormoni imatheka. Sieve yama molekyulu ndi ma ion angapo a ion amasinthana amagwiritsidwa ntchito polekanitsa zosayera.

Akatswiri amaumirira kuti mtundu wanji wa mankhwala a insulin omwe sadzasankhidwa, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amapangidwa ndi mmodzi wopanga. Kufunika kumeneku kumawonetsedwa chifukwa chakuti zida zomwe zimapanga mankhwala opanga osiyanasiyana zimatha kupondereza mphamvu, kapena mosinthanitsa, kuti zilimbikitse, zimakhudza mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.

Gawo lina

Magulu amakono a insulin akukonzekera:

• Mtundu wa insulin wautali kapena woyambira womwe ungafanane ndi masoka achilengedwe a ma protein a pancreas. Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa amakhala a nthawi yayitali.
• Mitundu yayifupi ndi ya ultrashort ya insulin. Zotsatira zoyambira zimayamba pambuyo pa mphindi 30 kuchokera nthawi yoyang'anira, chachiwiri - pambuyo mphindi 15.

Mukamasankha mtundu wa insulin woyenera kwambiri, muyenera kutengera zinthu zofunika:

• Zotsatira za wodwala ku mtundu wina wa insulin,
• moyo wa wodwala, kadyedwe kake, kuchuluka kwa zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndi zizolowezi zina,
• mulingo woyenera kwambiri
• zaka odwala.

Kusankha kwa mtundu wa insulin kumatsimikiziridwa ndi matendawa pawokha komanso malingaliro a katswiri. Kudzichitira nokha shuga.

Mitundu yoyambirira ya insulin idapezeka kokha kuchokera kuzinthu zanyama. Koma adasinthidwa ndi zakudya zabwino kwambiri zosinthika bwino zomwe zikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda ashuga:

1. Mawonekedwe aumunthu (osinthidwa). Hormone imakhala yogwirizana kwathunthu ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kapamba wamunthu. Komabe, kuchitidwa kwa timadzi tomwe timapangidwira kumayambira minyewa yothandizidwa pambuyo pake. Amafuna nthawi yambiri kuti agonjetse. Homoni imapangidwa kuchokera ku Escherichia coli yomwe imachokera kwa anthu.
2. Nkhumba insulin Pafupifupi munthu momwe ndingathere, koma ndikusowa 1 amino acid mu protein. Kuti akwaniritse kuyanjana ndi thupi laumunthu, porcine insulin imasinthidwa.
3. Hormone yochokera m'matumba a ng'ombe. Ili ndi amino acid atatu ndipo imatha kuyambitsa ziwengo. Pang'onopang'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito insulin ya bovine kumachepetsedwa kukhala "ayi."
4. Mahoni a chinsomba. Ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina ya insulini, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina. Njira zamakono zosinthira majini zatsala pang'ono kuthetsa kufunika kwa insulin yamtunduwu.

Magulu a mitundu ya insulin malinga ndi zochita zawo ndi osiyana kwambiri. Ndiamene amayambitsa kusankha kwazithandizo zilizonse zodwala.

Mlingo wa kuyeretsa kwamankhwala

Ndikotheka kuwerengera insulin malinga ndi muyeso wa kuyeretsa kwa zopangira. Mukamayera kwambiri pazogulitsa, zinthu zosafunikira kwenikweni zimalowa m'magazi a anthu (ndipo izi zimakhudza ziwopsezo zina ndi zovuta zake):

• Kuyeretsa kwachikhalidwe. Tekinoloje ya liquefaction ndi crystallization imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo pokonza, zosayera zimakhalabe m'zinthuzo.
• Kuyeretsa monopick Choyamba, insulini imayeretsedwa m'njira yachikhalidwe, kenako imasefa ndi gel. Choyimira chomaliza chimakhalabe chosafunikira pang'ono.
• Ntchito yoyeretsa yofananira. Mtundu woyenera wa kusefera kwa mahomoni, monga kuzingidwa kwa maselo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ion exchange chromatography. Horm imakhala yopanda zodetsa ndipo imalekeredwa bwino ndi odwala ambiri.

Gulu la insulin lomwe limadziwika ndi mtundu wa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mitundu ya insulin: mankhwala amagawidwa ndi mtundu, nthawi, dzina

Jakisoni wa insulin nthawi zambiri amayikidwa m'mimba - malo osavuta kwambiri. Koma mutha kuwalowetsa m'chiuno, m'mapewa, mabwalo apamwamba a matako. Nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito jakisoni pansi pa phewa.

Njira yamakono yothandizira kuperekera mahomoni ndi mapampu a insulin. Zotulutsa zocheperako zimayikidwa pamalo enaake ndipo zimakonzedwa kuti zizigwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa nthawi inayake.

Pali matekinoloje ena oyendetsa mahomoni - kupuma ndi kutulutsa. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo sikunapangidwebe mokwanira kuti odwala ambiri azigwiritsa ntchito.

Kusankhidwa kwa mtundu wa insulin kuyenera kuchitika ndi endocrinologist, yemwe adaphunzira zotsatira za mayeso a wodwala. Ndi zoletsedwa kuti asinthe mosamala, njira yoyendetsera, yoyenera yolimbikitsidwa - izi zimatha kuyambitsa matendawa ngakhale kufa.

Mankhwala a insulin amadziwika mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo. Zochitika zamakono chaka chilichonse zimapereka mayankho atsopano kwa odwala, koma kuvomereza kugwiritsa ntchito sikutsimikizira zotsatira zabwino. Njira zambiri zoyesera sizinathe kudutsa mphamvu ya njira zovulaza jakisoni.

Zizindikiro ntchito insulin

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa mankhwalawa ndi chithandizo cha mtundu 1 wa shuga. Nthawi zina, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa matenda a shuga 2.

Mlingo wochepa wa insulin (5-10ED) umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza hepatitis, cirrhosis poyambira gawo, kutopa, furunculosis, acidosis, kusowa bwino m'thupi, chithokomiro.

Mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athetse vuto lamanjenje, kuchiza uchidakwa, mitundu ina ya schizophrenia.

Kwenikweni, mankhwalawa amalowetsedwa m'matumbo kapena pansi pa khungu, ovulala kwambiri amakomoka.

Mlingo wofunikira wa mankhwalawa umatsimikiziridwa payokhapokha malinga ndi zotsatira za kusanthula, incl. Zambiri pa kuchuluka kwa shuga, insulini m'magazi, kotero mutha kupereka zikhalidwe zovomerezeka zokha.

Mlingo wofunika wa insulin ya odwala matenda a shuga amachokera ku 10-40 ED patsiku.

Ndikudwala matenda ashuga patsiku, osaposa 100 IU akhoza kuthandizidwa mosagwirizana, komanso ndi intravenous makonzedwe, osapitirira 50 IU patsiku.

Zisonyezero zina, mankhwalawa adapangidwira yaying'ono - 6-10ED / tsiku.

Kwa jakisoni wa insulin, syringe yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yokhala ndi singano yomanga, kapangidwe kake kamene kamayambitsa kuyambitsa zonse zomwe zili popanda zotsalira, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wotsatira mlingo weniweni wa mankhwalawo.

Musanisonkhanitse insulini mu mawonekedwe a kuyimitsidwa mu syringe, zomwe zili mu vial ziyenera kugwedezeka kuti zipange kuyimitsidwa koyenera

Childs, tsiku lililonse mlingo kutumikiridwa awiri kapena atatu Mlingo. Jakisoni amachitika theka la ola, ola limodzi asanadye. Kuchita kwa insulini, limodzi lokha la mankhwalawo, kumayamba pambuyo pa theka la ola, ola limodzi ndi kumatenga maola 4-8.

Kuchita kwa insulin jekeseni kudzera mkati kwa mphindi 20-30., Mwaziwo umatsikira pamlingo woyambirira pambuyo pa ola limodzi kapena awiri.

Insulin imatsutsana mu: pachimake hepatitis, hemolytic jaundice, cirrhosis, aimpso amyloidosis, urolithiasis, kuwonongeka kwa mtima, zilonda zam'mimba, m'mimba, matenda omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi hypoglycemia.