Kuyesedwa kwa magazi konse: miyambo ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kupatuka

Kuwerengera magazi kokwanira (KLA) ndiko kuphunzira koyamba kuyamba kupezeka kwa matenda kapena kuwunika koyesedwa ndi dokotala ngati mbali imodzi ya mayeso azachipatala apachaka. Popanda kuyesa kosavuta koma kofunikira, ndizosatheka kuyesa kudziwa momwe thanzi laanthu lilili. KLA amatchedwa kuyesa kwachipatala wamba kapena kungoyesa chabe zamankhwala, koma palinso mtundu wofotokozedwa, womwe umaphatikizapo kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane njira ya leukocyte ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito wodwala akakhala ndi zizindikiro za matendawa.

Monga gawo la KLA, maselo onse atatu am magazi amayesedwa: Maselo ofiira amwazi omwe amachititsa kupuma ndi ziwalo, ma cell oyera am'magazi - omenyera chitetezo cha mthupi, ndi mapulateleti - oteteza ku magazi. Komabe, labotale singadziwe kuchuluka kokha kwa maselo amenewa. Mtundu uliwonse wam'magazi umakhala ndi zowonjezera zingapo zomwe adotolo amatha kuwunika mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo wa chinthu china. Kuwona zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi ambiri ndi ntchito ya dokotala wokhoza, wothandizira kapena dokotala wa ana, chifukwa si manambala okha omwe alembedwako, komanso kuphatikiza kupatuka kuzinthu zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse, komanso ndi chidziwitso chomwe chapezeka pakuwunika, kufufuza ndi njira zina zofufuzira, ndizofunikira.

Magazi kuti awerenge mwatsatanetsatane mu odwala achikulire amatengedwa kuchokera kuchala chala pogwiritsa ntchito chofukizira, kapena kuchokera mu mtsempha wokhala ndi syringe. Mu makanda, KLA nthawi zina imayenera kutengedwa kuchokera kumakutu kapena chidendene, chifukwa zala ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo ndizovuta kulowa mitsempha. Amakhulupirira kuti magazi a venous ndi ofunikira kufufuza - ali ndi maselo ofiira am'magazi ndi hemoglobin kuposa magazi a capillary. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizotheka kutenga zinthu zambiri kuchokera mumtsempha nthawi imodzi, kuti ngati zowunikira zowonjezera ndizofunikira, munthuyo sayenera kutumizidwa ku labotore.

Pakadali pano, zipatala zambiri ndi zipatala zilinso ndi pulogalamu yochita kusanthula. Kwa iye, magazi omwe amachotsedwa kwa wodwalayo nthawi yomweyo amawayika mumtsuko wapadera ndi anticoagulant - wochotseredwa. Wowunikirayo amasalira kwambiri ndikufulumizitsa njira yopezera zotsatira za kuyesedwa kwa magazi, komabe, ngati zopatuka zazikulu kuchokera pazomwe zimapezeka zizidziwitso, ngakhale makina aluso kwambiri a m'badwo wachitatu amatha kupanga cholakwika pakuwerengera. Chifukwa chake, zitsanzo zilizonse zomwe zimatengedwa zimatsimikiziridwa kuti ziyenera kuyikidwa pakayilo lagalasi.

Zomwe zimapezeka zimayikidwa muyezo ndipo zimatumizidwa kwa dokotala kapena zimaperekedwa kwa wodwala. Ngati phunzirolo lidachitidwa "mwanjira yakale", sizingakhale zovuta kumvetsetsa zolemba zothandizira zasayansi, chifukwa mayina athunthu kuzidziwitso zawo komanso zikhalidwe zawo zidzawonetsedwa pamenepo. Koma ngati kuyezetsa magazi konse kwachitika pang'onopang'ono, chikalata chomaliza chikhala chosindikizira chomwe chili ndi zilembo zingapo zachilatini. Apa mudzafunika kuti muwerenge zotsatira, ndipo tikufotokozerani zonse zofunikira: kuyezetsa magazi konse kwa amayi, abambo ndi ana amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana mwanjira ya matebulo ndi mndandanda wa zifukwa zomwe zingapangitse kuti ziwonjezere kapena kuchepetsedwa.

Pamalo otseguka a netiweki mutha kupeza matebulo ofanana amitundu osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi kufunika kwake, ndipo zambiri zomwe zimasungidwa muzo zimasiyana pang'ono. Izi sizoyenera kuda nkhawa nazo, chifukwa mtengo wazidziwikire umafotokozedwa momveka bwino kuchokera manambala wamba. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi kothekera zimatha kuweruzidwa molumikizana ndi zotsatira za mayeso ena - ndizosatheka kukhazikitsa kuzindikira koyenera pogwiritsa ntchito KLA yokha, ndipo palibe chifukwa choyesera kutero.

Momwe mungakonzekere musanalandire magazi kuti mupeze zamankhwala osokoneza bongo?

Namwino amatulutsa magazi kuchokera kwa wodwala kwa mphindi zochepa, njirayi siyichititsa kusangalala kwapadera. Kuunika kwamomwemo, monga zina zilizonse, kumafunikira kukonzekera ndi kutsatira zingapo zosavuta:

magazi amayenera kumwedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu,
chakudya chamadzulo m'mawa sichikhala ndi tiyi komanso khofi wamphamvu, ndipo ndibwino kuti musamwe zakudya zamafuta ndi mowa kwa masiku atatu,
Maola 24 ayenera kupewa njira iliyonse yamafuta (kusamba, sauna) ndi kulimbitsa thupi,
kuyesedwa kumachitika m'mawa kwambiri, choyambirira, njira zamankhwala zisanachitike (ma dontho, jakisoni, radiology),
Wodwalayo atabwera ku labotale, ndikofunika kuti akhalebe kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu musanatenge magazi, kuti apume ndikukhala chete.
kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, wodwalayo sayenera kutsuka mano, kumwa tiyi kapena khofi m'mawa musanapendeketsedwe, ngakhale "m'mawa wanu uyambira ndi khofi", muyenera kupewa,
komanso musanatenge magazi, sibwino kumwa mankhwala a mahomoni, maantibayotiki, ma diuretics ndi mankhwala ena,
masabata awiri musanawunikidwe, muyenera kusiya kumwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa lipids m'magazi (onani ma statins kuti muchepetse cholesterol),
ngati kuli kotheka, kuunikanso kusanthula kuyenera kutengedwa nthawi yomweyo ya labotale.

Mafuta osanthula am'magazi

Chizindikiro	Norm
Mapuloteni onse	63-87 g / l
Zigawo zamapuloteni:

albin
ma globulins (α₁, α₂, β, γ)

35-45 g / l
21.2-34.9 g / l

Urea2.5-8.3 mmol / LCreatinine

akazi 44-97 ma micromoles pa lita
amuna 62-124

Uric acid

Mwa amuna - 0.12-0.43 mmol / l
Mwa akazi - 0,24-0.54 mmol / l

Glucose3.5-6.2 mmol pa litaC cholesterol chonse3.3-5.8 mmol / LLDLzosakwana 3 mmol pa litaHDL

azimayi ndi okulirapo kapena lofanana ndi 1.2 mmol pa lita
amuna 1 mmol pa lita

Triglycerideszosakwana 1.7 mmol pa litaBilirubin yonse8.49-20.58 μmol / LDirect bilirubin2.2-5.1 μmol / LAlanine aminotransferase (ALT)Mpaka 38 mayunitsi / lAspartate aminotransferase (AST)Mpaka ku 42 U / LAlkaline phosphatase (zamchere phosphatase)Mpaka magawo 260 / lGamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)

Mwa amuna - mpaka 33,5 U / L
Mwa akazi - mpaka 48.6 U / L

Creatine Kinase (QC)Mpaka magawo a 180 / lΑ-amylasempaka 110 E pa litaSodium130-155 mmol / lPotaziyamu3.35-5.35 mmol / L

Mapuloteni onse ndi zigawo zake

Mapuloteni amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'thupi, amathandizira pakupanga maselo atsopano, kupangika kwa chitetezo chokwanira komanso kusamutsa zinthu. Mapuloteni nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi amino acid 20 ofunika, ngakhale atha kuphatikiza mavitamini, zinthu zopanda pake (zitsulo), ndi zomanga thupi ndi zotsalira za lipid.

Gawo lamadzi limakhala ndi mapuloteni pafupifupi 165, omwe amasiyana mu kapangidwe kake m'thupi. Mapuloteni onse amagawidwa m'magulu atatu kapena magawo awiri: albin, globulin (α₁, α₂, β, γ) ndi fibrinogen. Popeza mapuloteni amapangidwa makamaka m'chiwindi, zomwe zimapangidwa zimawonetsa ntchito za chiwalochi.

Kutsika kwa mapuloteni onse kumatchedwa hypoproteinemia (onani mapuloteni onse m'magazi). Izi zimachitika pomwe:

kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni (zamasamba, zakudya zopanda protein),
kuchuluka kwa mkodzo mumkodzo (matenda a impso, proteinuria ya amayi apakati),
kuchepa kwa magazi (nthawi yayitali, mphuno),
kuyaka, makamaka ndi maluwa,
kuchuluka kwa plasma pamimba pamimba (ascites), pleural cavity (exudative pleurisy), pericardium (pericardial activation),
neoplasms yoyipa (khansa yam'mimba, khansa ya chikhodzodzo),
kuphwanya mapangidwe a mapuloteni (hepatitis, cirrhosis),
chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali ndi glucocorticosteroids,
kuchepa mayamwidwe zinthu (enteritis, colitis, celiac matenda, kapamba).

Kuwonjezeka kwa mapuloteni onse amatchedwa hyperproteinemia, izi zimatha kukhala zopanda malire komanso zopanda malire. Kukula kwamapuloteni kumachitika ndikamwalira kwa madzi am'madzi a kolera (kolera, kusanza mobwerezabwereza). Kuwonjezeka kwathunthu kwa mapuloteni kumachitika mwa njira zotupa (chifukwa cha ma globulins), myeloma. Kugwira ntchito yakuthupi ndikusintha kwa thupi kumasintha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu ndi 10%.

Zifukwa zazikulu zakusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni

Zigawo zamapuloteni ndi: albin, globulin ndi fibrinogen. Fibrinogen samapezeka pakuwunika kwa biochemical. Puloteni iyi imawonetsa ntchito ya kupangika kwa magazi. Amatsimikiza mu kusanthula koteroko monga coagulogram.

Kuchulukitsa

kuchepa kwamadzi m'matenda opatsirana (kuchepa kwamadzi)
kuwotcha matenda

Nitrogen metabolism

Kuphatikiza pakupanga maselo, thupi limakhala ndi kuvunda kosalekeza, limodzi ndi kudzikundikira kwa mabasi a nayitrogeni. Zinthu zapoizizi zimapangika m'chiwindi ndipo zimatsitsidwa ndi impso. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa zakumwa zamagazi kumatha kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa kugwira ntchito kwa impso ndi chiwindi, komanso kuchepa kwama protein kwambiri. Zizindikiro zazikulu za metabolism ya nayitrogeni ndi monga:

urea ndi creatinine
osachulukirapo, nayitrogeni wotsalira, creatine, uric acid, ammonia, sakani ndi ena amatsimikiza.

Kodi chifukwa chiyani kuchuluka kwa poizoni wamagazi kumasintha?

Albumin

Ma Globulins

Ma-globulins:

pachimake purulent yotupa njira,
zokhudza matenda matenda a zolumikizana minofu (scleroderma, dermatomyositis, nyamakazi),
ziyaka gawo lachiwonetsero,
nephrotic syndrome yokhala ndi glomerulonephritis.

Β- ma globulins:

hyperlipoproteinemia (atherosulinosis, matenda a shuga),
nephrotic syndrome
chilonda m'mimba ndi matumbo ake,
hypothyroidism.

Γ- ma globulins:

ma virus ndi mabakiteriya,
zokhudza matenda matenda a zolumikizana minofu (scleroderma, dermatomyositis, nyamakazi),
amayaka
chifuwa
helminthic nkhondo.

pachimake ndi matenda glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis,
nephrossteosis,
poyizoni ndi mchere wamadzimadzi, dichloroethane, ethylene glycol,
kuvulala kwamtundu winawake (matenda opindika kwa nthawi yayitali),
ochepa matenda oopsa
matenda a impso,
chifuwa chachikulu cha impso,
pachimake ndi matenda aimpso kulephera

Zifukwa zakukula	Zifukwa zakuchepa
pambuyo shuga kuchuluka kwamkodzo (polyuria), pambuyo hemodialysis, kulephera kwa chiwindi kusala metabolic kuchepa hypothyroidism
	pachimake ndi matenda aimpso kulephera, hyperthyroidism acromegaly shuga wowonjezera, matumbo, minofu dystrophy kuwotcha kwakukulu
	Uric acid gout khansa B-12 akusowa magazi m'thupi Matenda a Wakez matenda owopsa matenda a chiwindi shuga yayikulu khungu pathologies (dermatitis, pemphigus), poyizoni ndi barbiturates, carbon monoxide

Mwazi wamagazi

Glucose ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu cha kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Ichi ndi chinthu chachikulu chopanga mphamvu kulowa mu cell, ndimachokera ku glucose ndi oxygen komwe khungu limalandira mafuta amoyo wina.

Glucose amalowa m'magazi atatha kudya, kenako amalowa m'chiwindi, pomwe amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati glycogen. Njira izi zimayendetsedwa ndi mahomoni a pancreatic - insulin ndi glucagon (onani kuchuluka kwa glucose).

Kuperewera kwa shuga m'magazi kumatchedwa hypoglycemia.
Kuchuluka - hyperglycemia.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi?

Hypoglycemia

Hyperglycemia

kusala kudya kwanthawi yayitali
malabsorption wa chakudya cham'mimba (colitis, enteritis, kutaya matenda),
matenda oopsa a hepatic,
hypothyroidism
kusakwanira kwa adrenal kotekisi,
hypopituitarism,
mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin kapena mankhwala amkamwa a hypoglycemic (shuga, glibenclamide, etc.),
meningitis (chifuwa chachikulu, purulent, cryptococcal),
encephalitis, meningoencephalitis,
insuloma
sarcoidosis

SUGAR DIABETES 1 ndi mitundu iwiri
thyrotoxicosis,
zotupa
neoplasms ya adrenal kotekisi,
pheochromocytoma,
mankhwala a glucocorticoid
khunyu
ubongo ukuvulala ndi zotupa,
poizoni wa monoxide
psychoemotional wosangalatsa

Mavuto a Pigment Metabolism

Mu thupi la munthu mumakhala ma protein ena achikuda. Nthawi zambiri awa amakhala ma peptides omwe amakhala ndi chitsulo chilichonse (chitsulo, mkuwa). Izi ndi monga: hemoglobin, cerulloplasmin, myoglobin, cytochrome ndi ena. Zotsatira zomaliza zopezeka pamapuloteni oterewa ndi bilirubin ndi tizigawo tating'ono. Chimachitika ndi chiyani bilirubin mthupi?

Selo yofiyira ikatha ndulu yake, miyala yake imasweka. Chifukwa cha biliverdin reductase, bilirubin imapangidwa, yotchedwa mwachindunji kapena mwaulere. Kusiyanitsa kwa bilirubin kumeneku ndi poizoni thupi lonse, makamaka ubongo. Koma chifukwa chakuti limamangilira mwachangu kwa magaziin albumin, thupi silikhala ndi poizoni. Koma ndi hepatitis, cirrhosis, ndizokwanira, chifukwa sizimangiriza glucuronic acid.

Kuphatikiza apo, m'maselo a chiwindi, bilirubin yosalunjika imamangidwa ku glucuronic acid (kutembenuka kukhala owongoka kapena owongoka, osakhala poizoni), magwiridwe ake amakhala okwera kokha ndi dyskinesia wa biliary, omwe ali ndi matenda a Gilbert (onani zifukwa zoyipa za bilirubin m'magazi). Pakuwunika, bilirubin mwachindunji imakula ndikuwonongeka kwa maselo a chiwindi (mwachitsanzo, ndi hepatitis).

Kenako bilirubin imalowa mu ndulu, yomwe imatengedwa kuchokera ku ma hepatic ducts kupita kwa chikhodzodzo, kenako imayikidwa mu lumen ya duodenum. Apa urobilinogen amapangidwa kuchokera ku bilirubin, yemwe amamwa kuchokera m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono mpaka m'magazi, ndikalowa impso, amapaka mkodzo wachikasu. Zotsalira, zomwe zimafikira m'matumbo, pansi pa zochita za mabakiteriya zimakhala stercobilin ndikuwathandiza ndowe.

Chifukwa chiyani jaundice limachitika?

Pali njira zitatu:

Kuchulukana kwa hemoglobin ndi mapuloteni ena a pigment (hemolytic anemia, snakebites, pathological spleen hyperfunction) - mwachindunji bilirubin amapangika pamlingo waukulu kwambiri kotero kuti chiwindi sichimakhala ndi nthawi yopukutira ndi kuwonetsera,
matenda a chiwindi (hepatitis, cirrhosis, neoplasms) - pigment imapangidwa modabwitsa, koma maselo a chiwindi omwe akhudzidwa ndi matendawa sangathe kugwira ntchito yawo,
kuphwanya kutuluka kwa ndulu (cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, pachonditis cham'mutu, zotupa za mutu wa kapamba) - chifukwa cha kupindika kwa mapindikidwe am'mimba, bile simalowa m'matumbo, koma limadziunjikira m'chiwindi, ndikupangitsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo ake ndikubwerera kwa bilirubin m'magazi.

Zinthu zonse zitatuzi ndizowopsa pa thanzi la munthu, zimafunikira kuchipatala msanga.

Lipid metabolism kapena cholesterol

Lipids amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'moyo wa selo. Amatenga nawo mbali pomanga khoma la maselo, mapangidwe a bile, mahomoni ambiri (maimuna ndi akazi ogonana, ma corticosteroids) ndi vitamini D. Fatty acid ndi gwero lamphamvu kwa ziwalo ndi minofu.

Mafuta onse mthupi la munthu amagawidwa m'magulu atatu:

triglycerides kapena mafuta osalowerera ndale,
cholesterol yathunthu ndi zigawo zake,
phospholipids.

M'magazi, lipids ali mumtundu wa mankhwala awa:

Ma chylomicr - amakhala makamaka ndi ma triglycerides,
highensens lip liprrinsins (HDL) - monga 50% mapuloteni ¸ 30% phospholipids ndi 20% cholesterol,
lowensens lipoproteins (LDL) - muli 20% mapuloteni, 20% phospholipids, 10% triglycerides ndi 50% cholesterol,
otsika kwambiri lipoproteins (VLDL) - amapangika pakutha kwa LDL, kuphatikiza cholesterol yambiri.

Chofunika kwambiri pakuwunika ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, LDL, HDL ndi triglycerides (onani magazi a cholesterol). Mukamamwa magazi, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuphwanya malamulo okonzekera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta omwe amapezeka m'mafuta kumatha kuyambitsa zolakwika zazikulu pazotsatira za kusanthula.

C cholesterol chonse

myxedema,
matenda ashuga
mimba
Hyperlipidemia yapabanja,
cholelithiasis
chilonda chachikulu komanso chamba
zamankhwala zapachifuwa ndi zamkati,
glomerulonephritis,
uchidakwa
matenda oopsa
myocardial infaration
matenda a mtima

zotupa zoyipa za chiwindi,
matenda a chiwindi,
nyamakazi
Matenda a chithokomiro komanso matenda a parathyroid,
kusala
malabsorption wa zinthu
Matenda oletsa kupuma a m'mapapo

Triglycerides

matenda a chiwindi,
uchidakwa
mankhwala ozunguza bongo a chiwindi,
kuperewera kwa biliary (biliary) chiwindi,
cholelithiasis
chilonda chachikulu komanso chamba
aakulu aimpso kulephera
matenda oopsa
myocardial infaration
matenda a mtima
mimba
matenda am'mimba,
hypothyroidism
matenda ashuga
gout
Down syndrome
pachimake porphyria

matenda osapatsirana a m'mapapo,
Matenda a chithokomiro komanso matenda a parathyroid,
kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
malabsorption

Kuchulukitsa kwa cholesterol yamagazi:

5.2-6.5 mmol / L - kuchuluka pang'ono kwa zinthu, chiwopsezo cha atherosulinosis,
6.5-8.0 mmol / L - Kuchulukitsa koyenera, komwe kumasinthidwa ndi zakudya,
opitilira 8.0 mmol / l - mulingo wambiri wa chinthu chomwe chimafunikira kulowererapo kwa mankhwala.

Ma syndromes asanu azachipatala, omwe amatchedwa dyslipoproteinemias, amasiyanitsidwa potengera kusintha kwa lipid metabolism index (1,2,3,4,5). Izi pathological zinthu ndi harbinger matenda oopsa, monga ubongo arteriosclerosis, matenda a shuga ndi ena.

Alanine aminotransferase ndi aspartate aminotransferase

Ma enzyme amenewa amapereka kusintha kwa ma amino acid m'magazi amisilini: aspartate ndi alanine. AST ndi ALT zimapezeka zochuluka mu minyewa ya chiwindi, minofu yamtima, komanso minofu ya mafupa. Kuchulukitsa ndimwazi kumawonetsera kuwonongeka kwa maselo a ziwalozi, ndipo kukwera kwakukulu kwa michere, maselo ochulukirapo amafa.

Malangizo a Kupititsa patsogolo Enzyme:	Ndi matenda ati omwe amawonjezera AST ndi ALT?
kuwala - nthawi 1.5-5, pafupifupi - nthawi 6-10, mkulu - nthawi 10 kapena kupitirira.	myocardial infarction (more AST), pachimake viral hepatitis (more ALT), kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, zotupa zoyipa ndi ma metastase pachiwindi. kuwonongeka kwa minofu yamafupa (matenda amisala).

Alkaline phosphatase

Enzyme iyi imayambitsa kuchotsedwa kwa phosphoric acid ku mankhwala ophatikizira ndi kutulutsa phosphorous mkati mwa khungu. Alkaline phosphatase ili ndi mitundu iwiri: hepatic ndi fupa. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti enzyme iwonjezeke:

nyamakazi sarcoma,
mafupa metastasis
myeloma
lymphogranulomatosis,
chiwindi
kuwonongeka kwa poizoni ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku chiwindi (aspirin, cytostatics, njira zakulera zamkamwa, tetracycline),
mukamachiritsa,
matenda a cytomegalovirus,
mafupa ndi mafupa (kuwonongedwa kwa mafupa).

Γ-glutamyl kutulutsa

GGT imakhudzidwa ndi kagayidwe ka mafuta, kutumiza cholesterol ndi triglycerides mkati mwa cell. Kuchuluka kwa enzyme komwe kumapezeka mu chiwindi, prostate, impso, kapamba. Zochita zake m'mwazi zimawonjezereka ndi:

Matenda a chiwindi omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa,
kuledzera
matenda ashuga
matenda mononucleosis,
kulephera kwa mtima.

Chopanga kinase

CC amatenga nawo gawo la kusintha kwa kusintha kwa metaboline ndi kukonza kagayidwe kazachilengedwe mu khungu. Ili ndi 3 subtypes:

MM (enzyme yomwe ili m'matumbo a minofu)
MV (ili mu minofu ya mtima)
BB (mu ubongo).

Kuwonjezeka kwa magazi a chinthu ichi nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo a ziwalo zapamwambazi. Ndi matenda ati omwe amawonjezera QC?

Kuchulukitsa kwa alpha amylase	Kuchepetsa kwa alpha
pachimake kapamba khansa ya kapamba matenda a chiwindi, mumps (mwa anthu - mumps), pachimake aimpso kulephera kumwa kwa nthawi yayitali mowa, tetracycline, glucocorticosteroids	thyrotoxicosis, myocardial infaration wathunthu kapamba, toxicosis ya pakati

Ma elekitironi pamagazi

Potaziyamu ndi sodium ndi ma electrolyte ofunika kwambiri m'magazi. Zitha kuwoneka kuti ndi zinthu zopanda mwayi chabe, ndipo zomwe zili m'thupi ndi zochepa. M'malo mwake, ndizovuta kulingalira chimodzi kapena chinthu chimodzi chomwe chikanachita popanda iwo.

Zomwe zimatsata zimagwira gawo lalikulu mu njira za enzyme komanso kagayidwe. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuyendetsa zikutulutsa zamagetsi mumtima. Kusinthasintha kwa magawo a potaziyamu kumakhala ndi vuto loipa kwambiri pa myocardium.

Momwe potaziyamu amakwezedwa amatchedwa hyperkalemia, ndipo ikachepetsedwa - hypokalemia. Kodi nchiyani chikuwopseza kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu?

kuphwanya zamkati
arrhythmias (atria fibrillation, intracardiac block)
zimachitika kuchepetsa
dontho mu kuthamanga kwa magazi
chisokonezo.

Zowopsa zoterezi zimatha kuchitika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kufufuza zinthu zoposa 7.15 mmol / L.

Kugwera kwam potaziyamu pansi pa 3.05 mmol / L ndiwopsezanso thupi. Zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu za kuchepa kwa chinthu zimaphatikizapo:

nseru
kusanza
kufooka kwa minofu
kuvutika kupuma
kutulutsa kwayokha kwamadzi ndi ndowe,
kufooka kwa mtima.

Sodium sikuchita nawo mwachindunji. Yodzaza ndi madzi akunja kwama madzi. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikusunga osmotic kuthamanga ndi pH. Kukula kwa sodium kumachitika mumkodzo ndipo kumayendetsedwa ndi mahomoni a adrenal cortex - aldosterone.

Kuchulukitsa kwa chinthu chotsata kumatchedwa hypernatremia, ndipo kuchepa kumatchedwa hyponatremia.

Kodi kusokonezeka kwa sodium metabolic kumawonekera bwanji?

Hyponatremia	Hypernatremia
mphwayi kusowa kwa chakudya nseru kusanza mutu kugona kukokana chikomokere	ludzu minofu ikunjenjemera kusakhazikika kupindika minofu kukokana chikomokere

Pomaliza, ndikufuna kupatsa owerenga nkhaniyi upangiri: labotale iliyonse, kaya payokha kapena pagulu, ili ndi ake omwe ali ndi ma reagents, zida zake zama kompyuta. Chifukwa chake, zikhalidwe za zizindikiro zimatha kusiyanasiyana. Wothandizira Laborator akakupatsani zotsatira za kusanthula, onetsetsani kuti mfundozo zalembedwa pafomu. Pokhapokha mwa njirayi mudzatha kudziwa ngati pali kusintha pakusanthula kwanu kapena ayi.

Kodi tingaphunzire chiyani pa kuyesa kwa shuga wamagazi?

Shuga wamagazi amatchedwa glucose, yemwe amayenda m'mitsempha yamagazi, kulowa ziwalo zonse zam'magazi. Zimaperekedwa ku ziwiya zam'matumbo (kuchokera ku chakudya) ndi chiwindi (zopangidwa kuchokera ku amino acid, glycerol ndi lactate), ndipo zimatha kupezanso ndikugawa m'masitolo a glycogen m'misempha ndi chiwindi.

Thupi silingagwire ntchito popanda glucose, chifukwa mphamvu zimachokera kwa iwo, maselo ofiira am'magazi, minofu yamatumbo imaperekedwa ndi glucose. Insulin imathandiza kugaya shuga. Kutulutsa kwake kwakukulu kumachitika pakudya. Hormoni iyi imayendetsa glucose m'maselo kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu ATP synthesis reaction ndipo gawo limayikidwa mu chiwindi monga glycogen.

Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa shuga (glucose) kwamtunduwu kumabweranso pazomwe adachita m'mbuyomu. Nthawi zambiri, ntchito ya kapamba, adrenal glands, hypothalamic-pituitary system imakhala ndi cholinga chowonetsetsa kuti glycemia ili m'malo ochepa. Pa mfundo kuyambira 3.3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L, shuga amapezeka ndimaselo, koma samatulutsidwa mkodzo.

Kupatuka kulikonse kuzololedwa ndi thupi ndizovuta kuvomereza. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kukhala m'mikhalidwe yotere:

Matenda a shuga.
Ma antibodies a insulin mu autoimmune zimachitika.
Matenda a endocrine dongosolo: gren adrenal, chithokomiro England, ziwalo zawo - - hypothalamus ndi pituitary gland.
Pancreatitis, chotupa cha kapamba.
Matenda a chiwindi kapena matenda a impso.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa shuga kungawonetse zotsatira kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi kupsinjika, kupsinjika, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusuta, kumwa mankhwala a mahomoni, tiyi, khansa, mankhwala opatsirana.

Ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa misempha ya shuga, ludzu limawoneka, kulakalaka kudya, kuwonongeka konsekonse, kukodza kumakhala kofulumira. Hyperglycemia yamphamvu imayambitsa kukomoka, komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi nseru, kusanza, maonekedwe a acetone mu mpweya wotuluka.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ozungulira kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi, chitetezo cha mthupi, kukula kwa matenda komanso kuwonongeka kwa minyewa yamitsempha.

Zosakhala zowopsa bongo ndi kuukira kwa mpweya wochepa m'magazi. Izi zimachitika pamene insulin yambiri imapangidwa (makamaka ndi zotupa), matenda a impso kapena chiwindi, kuchepa kwa adrenal ntchito, hypothyroidism. Choyambitsa matenda ambiri amakhala ndi insulin.

Zizindikiro zakugwa kwa shuga zikuwoneka mwa kutuluka thukuta, kufooka, kunjenjemera m'thupi, kuchuluka kwa mkwiyo, kenako kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima kumachitika, ndipo ngati chithandizo sichingaperekedwe, wodwalayo amagwa.

Udindo wamagazi mthupi la munthu

Ntchito zazikuluzikulu zamagazi:

- Amapereka maselo okhala ndi zowonjezera zomwe zalandiridwa kuchokera ku mapapu ndi dongosolo logaya chakudya kuchokera kunja.

-Zichotsa mbali zomwe zimachitika munthawi ya moyo.

Kothamangalam. Amasinthasintha kutentha kwa magawo osiyanasiyana a thupi.
Zoseketsa. Zimasamula mahomoni opangidwa ndi maselo apadera kuchokera kumalo omwe amapanga kupita kumalo omwe amamwa.
Yakhomo. Imathandizira kukhala ndi mchere wamchere, acid-base.
Immunological yotchulidwa:

-Hemostasis - kukhalabe madzi amwaziwo womwewo, mapangidwe (kuwundana kwamagazi) ndi kusungunuka kwina kwake (fibrinolysis).

-Mbale amtundu wa magazi.

- mawonekedwe amtundu wa magazi pamagazi.

Kodi tingadziwe chiyani pakupenda magazi?

Yankho lalikulu mwachidule: kuphwanya njira zofunika kwambiri za thupi. Dotolo atanena kuti "kuyezetsa magazi", "kusintha" "mwa anthu wamba", "tebulo", wodwalayo akumvetsetsa kuti njira yoyamba yochira yatengedwa - akatswiri amatanthauzira. Pambuyo pokhazikitsa chomwe chimayambitsa, njira yothandizira imayikidwa.

Kuwona kwa mapangidwe a pathological amafotokozedwa ndikusintha kwadzidzidzi mu kuchuluka kwa tinthu tina timene timatengedwa mumtsinje wamagazi.

Zitsanzo:

Aspartate aminotransferase. Enzyme imapangidwa mkati mwa maselo. Zochita zikuwonetsedwa mu minofu ya mtima, chiwindi, minofu yamatumbo, minofu yamitsempha, impso (kutsika). Zotsatira: njira za necrotic mu tinthu ta myocardium ndi chiwindi zimayambitsa kutulutsidwa kwa mapuloteni ndikulowa kwake m'magazi am'magazi, omwe amawonetsedwa mu kusanthula ngati chowonjezera cha chizindikiritso cha zinthu zomwe zidatchulidwa.
Bilirubin. Amapangika pakasweka maselo ofiira am'magazi (maselo ofiira am'magazi), amalowa m'chiwindi, ndikuthira. Ngati pali zovuta zina pakusokonekera kwa maselo ofiira am'magazi, kapena mawonekedwe a chimbudzi chake atalephera (chikhodzodzo ndi chindulu.

Wochiritsirayo amapanga chithunzi chamankhwala pozindikira ma enzyme, mapuloteni ndi zinthu zina, pang'onopang'ono kubwereza mzere wazomwe zingayambitse matenda.

Kuchiritsa kwa kuyezetsa magazi mwatsatanetsatane

Dotoloyo akuwonetsa kutumiza izi kuti apeze zambiri kuposa KLA. Zowonjezera zimakuthandizani kuti mumvetse bwino za matendawo. Mndandanda wazinthu zosakhazikika umaphatikizapo zinthu 30. Zomwe zalandilidwa zikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a magazi, mawonekedwe owonjezeka amtundu wathunthu wa leukocyte.

Zizindikiro zachilendo za kusanthula kwamankhwala ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kupatuka

Magawo akuluakulu omwe adawerengedwa pochita kuyezetsa magazi, ndimomwe amapatsidwa, amaperekedwa pagome (kutsatsa kwina):

Nthawi zambiri mu akulu	Mu ana
Magawo omwe anafufuzidwa	Amuna	Akazi	Kuyambira pa 1 mpaka 6 zaka	Zaka 6 mpaka 12 zakubadwa	Zaka 13 mpaka 16
Hemoglobin (g / l)	125-165	120-140	112-135	112-140	112-145
Chikalakatha (ppm)	4,1-5,2	3,7-4,9	3,5-4,5	3,8-4,9	3,7-5,1
Hematocrit (%)	39-49	35-45	35	37	39
Maselo oyera (Chigawo / L)	4.1-9x109	3.9-10.2x109	5-14.5x109	4,5-12x109	4.3-9.8x109
ESR (mm / h)	1-12	2-15	4-12	4-12	4-15
Chizindikiro cha utoto	0,85-1,15

Mavuto omwe akuwoneka popitilira zomwe zalembedwazo:

- Pamwambapo:

Hemoglobin

Kuunikira kuwerengera kwa hemoglobin, puloteni yofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu, ndizotheka kuyezetsa magazi

Maselo oyera - kukhalapo kwa zinthu zakunja (overstrain, exposed to a sunlight), kapena chotsatira cha kusuntha kwa chitetezo chamthupi.

ESR - matenda osachiritsika, metastases, kulowetsedwa kwa myocardial.

Maselo ofiira - kusowa kwamadzi, kupezeka kwa njala ya okosijeni, matenda ashuga.

Hematocrit - kuchepa kwa madzi m'mimba, peritonitis, kusokonekera kwa dongosolo la mapapu.

Chizindikiro cha utoto - Hyperchromic anemia, kuchepa kwa vitamini B kwa nthawi yayitali

- Pansipa

Hemoglobin - autoimmune pathologies, magazi mkati, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndiubongo.
Maselo oyera - kuperewera kwa zakudya, njira za oncological, kuledzera.
ESR - myodystrophy yomwe ikupita patsogolo, njala, kusowa kwamchere wamchere.
Maselo ofiira - magazi m'thupi.
Hematocrit - magazi m'thupi.
Chizindikiro cha utoto ndi kuchepa kwamagazi.

Decoding of biochemical magazi mayeso

Tsimikizirani matenda osiyanasiyana mothandizidwa ndi kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwakanema (cholembedwa). Akuluakulu, wamba patebulo kumatengera zaka, nthawi yachilengedwe, kudya, komanso zakudya. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa ana. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira zokhazikitsidwa zofunika pokonzekera kuwunika.

Kafukufuku waku Laborat:

Kutaya kwa zakudya zazing'ono komanso zazikulu.
Magawo a matenda obwera a ziwalo zamkati.
Kusintha kwachilengedwe.
Kupezeka kwa neoplasms.

Zizindikiro zachilendo zamankhwala am'magazi komanso zomwe zimayambira

Gome limakhala ndi zofunikira za zigawo zazikulu zophunziridwa mwa akulu ndi ana panthawi yopereka magazi kuti aunike zamankhwala.

Ndikumasulira kwamtsogolo:

Dzinalo	Akuluakulu	Ana
Mapuloteni onse (g / l)	63-85	58-78
Hemoglobin (g / l)	125-165	112-145
Albumin (g / l)	35-49	38-53
Bilirubin yonse (μmol / L)	22,-17,5	8,5-21
Aspartate aminotransferase (unit / L)	Mpaka 35	Mpaka 40
Alanine aminotransferase (Unit / L)	Mpaka 42	Mpaka 39
C cholesterol chokwanira 1	Kufikira pa 5	3,3-6,1
Urea 1	2,5-7,1	4,2-6,6
Triglycerides 1	0,55-1,65	0,41-1,85
Glucose 1	3,30-5,75	3,30-5,9
Sodium 1	130-150	133-157
Potaziyamu 1	3,45-5,35	3,7-5,1
Iron 1	11-30	9,1-31,7

1 unit ya miyeso - mmol / L.

Zoyipa zomwe zitha kuwonetsedwa ndizowonjezera:

Mapuloteni onse - njira zopatsirana, khansa.
Hemoglobin - njira ya mtima yamitsempha, kulephera m'mapapo.
Albumini - kuchepa kwa magazi, kusowa kwa chiwindi.
Bilirubin okwanira - kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, biliary thirakiti.
Aspartate aminotransferase - myocardial infarction, chiwindi cha chiwindi.
C cholesterol chonse - cholowa, matenda a mtima, matenda a impso, matenda a Werner.
Urea - matenda a kwamikodzo dongosolo.
Triglycerides - mahomoni mankhwala, kudya kwambiri, kumwa kwambiri.
Glucose - mavuto ndi kapamba, chiwindi, impso, mtima. Matenda a shuga.
Sodium - Zakudya zopanda mchere, yade.
Potaziyamu - vuto la m'matumbo, zovuta za impso ndi adrenal glands.
Iron - uchidakwa, kudya kosalamulira kwa zowonjezera pazitsulo.

Ngati ntchito yoyeserera ili pansi pazovomerezeka:

Mapuloteni onse - kapamba, chiwindi, ndi matenda a impso.
Hemoglobin - zotupa zamkati, khansa ya magazi.
Albumin - chibayo, matenda a impso ndi chiwindi, kufa ndi njala.
Total bilirubin - chifuwa chachikulu, kutopa konse, kukanika kwa impso.
Aspartate aminotransferase - pachimake kapamba, zoopsa.
C cholesterol yathunthu - kuchepa kwa chithokomiro, zakudya zopanda thanzi.
Urea - kusintha kwa ziwindi mu chiwindi, kukanika kwa chithokomiro.
Triglycerides - kuphwanya kwam'mimba, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro.
Glucose - kukanika kwa kapamba, impso, hypothalamus, kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.
Sodium - chakudya chopanda malire, matenda a chiwindi, impso, mtima.
Potaziyamu - kutenga okodzetsa, kutsegula m'mimba.
Iron - kuperewera kwa zakudya, kuchepa kwa magazi ambiri, kuchepa mphamvu kwa chinthu.

Zizindikiro zabwinobwino komanso zomwe zimayambitsa kupatuka

Mtengo wake umatengera zaka, komanso momwe magazi amapezeka - capillary kapena venous.

Makulidwe wamba (mmol / l):

Kufikira 3,3. Hypoglycemia. Kutha kwa kapamba, chiwindi, impso.
Kuchokera pa 3.4 mpaka 5.5. Kupanda kuphwanya.
Kuyambira 5.6 mpaka 7. Pabetes. Ngati kulibe chithandizo choyenera kumabweretsa hyperglycemia.
Kuchokera pa 7 ndi kupitirira. Matenda a shuga.

Mlingo wa glucose	Akuluakulu (mmol / L)	Ana (mmol / L)
Zoyimira	3,30-5,75	3,30-5,9
Kutsitsidwa:	a) Zakudya zazitali c) matenda am'mimba, d) kuchuluka kaphatikizidwe ka insulin.
Kuchulukitsa:	a) kusowa kwa kapamba ndi chithokomiro b) wonenepa kwambiri.

Kuchepetsa kachilombo ka HIV komanso kuyezetsa syphilis

Dokotala amatumiza wodwalayo kuti amupime ndi kuti adziwe matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka chitetezo cha mthupi, kapena ma bacteria a paleponema, ngati pali zifukwa izi:

HIV Omukayikira:

Wofowoka ananena momwe thupi limaperekera chithandizo cha matenda ofatsa "fuluwenza, SARS."
Misewu yayikulu.
Kutupa.
Kuchepetsa thupi mwachangu.
Zizindikiro zotsutsana za ndime zam'mbuyomu ndi zodandaula za kusanza komanso kutsegula m'mimba.

Syphilis Omwe Akukayikira:

Kuzindikira kwa chancre.
Dazi.
Kutupa.

Kuzindikira kumaphatikizapo kuyamwa magazi a venous.

Othandizira zasayansi amawunika zopezeka m'njira imodzi mwanjira zitatu izi:

Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Zimawonetsa kukhalapo (ndi chiwerengero chawo) cha ma antibodies (IgM, IgG, IgA) ma antigen. M'mphepete mwa cholakwika ndi ochepera 2 peresenti.
Kufalikira kwamphamvu. Ndi ELISA wapamwamba. Zotsatira zake zimapatsanso kudalirika kwakukulu (> 99.3%), popeza nthawi yoyamba, mapuloteni amtunduwu amalekanitsidwa ndi ma electrophoresis ndi kulemera kwa maselo.
Polymerase unyolo reaction (PCR). Kutengera ndi iwo, kuchuluka kwa makopi a RNA, ndi makope a DNA, a pathogen amawerengedwa.

Pochita, ELISA imagwiritsidwa ntchito, mutalandira zotsatira zake, cheke chimachitika ndi zonse za ELISA, komanso kufooketsa chitetezo m'thupi ndi PRC. Kuwerenganso kawiri kumathetsa chiopsezo chodzimasulira molakwika pazomwe zalandira. Zotsatira zomaliza zimakonzedwa ndi adokotala okha.

Decryption ya mayeso a matenda a TORCH

Diagnosis imachitika pofuna kudziwa mu akazi omwe akukonzekera kukhala ndi pakati:

toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus matenda, herpes (matenda akuluakulu).
hepatitis B ndi C, syphilis, HIV, nkhuku, matenda a gonococcal (owonjezera).

Kunyalanyaza mayeso kumakhala ndi chiopsezo cha mavuto obwera ndi mwana wosabadwa, wolakwika, komanso kulumala kwa mwana.

Enzyme immunoassay

Njira zamakono zodziwira:

tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
matenda oncological
kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni.

Ubwino wake:

Kuzindikira vuto m'magawo oyamba.
Kuchulukitsa kwachilendo komwe kumachepetsa mwayi wolakwitsa kutengera zizindikiro zamtanda.

Miyezo ya shuga ya magazi imaperekedwa ndi WHO

Awa ndi miyeso yovomerezeka ya shuga, ndiko kuti, zomwe zili mumwazi ziyenera kukhala m'magazi otengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha kapena chala chakumimba chopanda kanthu.

M'badwo	Msuzi wa shuga
Masiku 2 - mwezi umodzi	2.8 - 4.4 mmol / L
Mwezi 1 - zaka 14	3,3 - 5.5 mmol / L
Akuluakulu	3.5 - 5.5 mmol / L

Ngati zizindikirozo ndizocheperapo, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa hypoglycemia, ngati zikuwonetseratu, ndiye kuti munthuyo ali ndi vuto la hyperglycemia. Kupatuka kulikonse kuchokera pachiwopsezo chake ndizowopsa kwa thupi, amalankhula za kuphwanya kosasinthika. Komanso, ndi ukalamba, chidwi ndi insulin chimachepa chifukwa cha kufa kwa zolandilira komanso kuwonjezeka kwa thupi.

Tchati chachikulu choyesa magazi

Gome la chizolowezi choyeza magazi lithandizanso kudziwa kupatuka kwina kulikonse. Komabe, kuyerekezera kokha kwa zizindikiro zingapo kungathandize kuwunikira bwino zaumoyo. Iyi ndi imodzi mwazofala kwambiri njira zoyeserera, zomwe zimathandiza dokotala kuti adziwe zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ena ndikuzindikiritsa matenda ena a magazi ndi ziwalo zina. Kwa kuyezetsa magazi konse, magazi a capillary nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kuchokera ku chala kapena magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha. Kuyeza magazi ena sikutanthauza kukonzekera kwapadera, koma tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupereke magazi kuti mukawone m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Otsatirawa ndi gome la zoyeserera zamagazi ambiri mwa munthu wamkulu wolemera thupi.

Zizindikiro, mayunitsi

Kulekerera kwa glucose kuyesedwa

Ngati magazi a capillary kapena venous atengedwa phunziroli, zotsatira zake zimakhala zosiyana pang'ono. Zakudya zabwinobwino zam shuga ndikatha kudya m'munthu wathanzi zimasiyana pang'ono.

Pozindikira matenda a shuga, magazi amayenera kuwayezetsa pafupipafupi kuti atsimikizire kupatuka kwatsatanetsatane kuzungulira chizolowezi. Chowongolera chothandizira chimapangidwa kuti chifanizire zotsatira ndi mawonekedwe a matendawa ndi zizindikiro zakufufuzira. Kuzindikira kwa matenda a shuga kumakhazikitsidwa ndimagulu a glucose opitilira kuyambira 9 mpaka 16 ndikusintha kwina mkati mwa malire awa.

Kufufuza zotsatira	Magazi a capillary	Magazi magazi
Mulingo wabwinobwino	Asanadye, 3.5 - 5.5 mmol / L	3.5 - 6.1 mmol / L
Patatha maola awiri mutadya	mpaka 7.8 mmol / l
Prediabetes boma	Asanadye 5.6 - 6.1 mmol / L	6.1 - 7 mmol / l
Patatha maola awiri mutadya 7.8 - 11.1 mmol / L	7.8 - 11.1 mmol / L
Matenda a shuga	Musanadye, kuyambira 6.1 mmol / L	kuchokera 7 mmol / l
Patatha maola awiri mutadya kuyambira 11, 1 mmol / l	kuyambira 11, 1 mmol / l

Chofunika kwambiri ndi kulolera kwa glucose! Miyezoyo ikapyozedwa pang'ono, zotsatira zoyesazi zimawunika ngati prediabetes, ndiye kuti, kulolerana kwa glucose. Izi zitha kukhala zochitika zathupi, koma zitha kuwonetsa kukula kwa matenda.

Amayi, molingana ndi kayendetsedwe ka thupi lawo, amayenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kugonana koyenera sikuyenera kuyesedwa kwa shuga panthawi ya msambo. Nthawi zina, zizowongolera zowongolera zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana. Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, 6.3 mmol / L imawerengedwa ngati chizindikiro wamba.

Zizindikiro zikapitirira 7 mmol / l, muyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri ndikupitiliza mayeso ena owonjezeredwa ndi dokotala. Mwa akazi, kuchuluka kwa deta sikumangotanthauza kukhalapo kwa matenda. Amayi omwe ali ndi zaka 60 zakubadwa amalangizidwa kuti azichita mayeso a shuga nthawi zonse kuti aziwonetsetsa zomwe zili komanso kuti asaphonye mphindi yokhotakhota pompopompo.

Komabe, patatha zaka 60, abambo amayenera kuyang'anira shuga wawo wamagazi. Kwa abambo akuluakulu, miyezo ya mayeso a shuga wamagazi imapangidwa m'magulu osiyana.

Zizindikiro zakuchuluka kwa shuga

Kukula kwa shuga kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zizindikiro zapadera. Amatha kuwonekera mwa akulu ndi ana.

Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimatengedwa ngati zapadera:

kupezeka kwa kutopa kwakukulu,
kulakalaka kulimbana ndi maziko a kunenepa,
pakamwa kowuma, ludzu,
kupopa kwambiri komanso pafupipafupi,
kukokana usiku
mawonekedwe a zilonda, zithupsa,
kuyabwa kosalekeza m'mphepete
kufooketsa chitetezo chokwanira,
kusachita bwino
kuwonongeka kwa okalamba.

Maonekedwe a zizindikilo zotere akuwonetsa kuti ndi nthawi yoyang'ana magazi kuti apeze shuga.

Mwinanso, zizindikirazo zidzakwaniritsidwa, ndipo upangiri waluso udzafunikira kuti mupereke chithandizo chomwe mukufuna.

Kuchotsera kwa kusanthula kwa magazi a gulu ndi Rh factor

Zifukwa zosankhidwa:

Zoperekedwa mwadongosolo.
Kuvomerezedwa pakugwira ntchito za boma kwa anthu audindo winawake (ankhondo, apolisi).
Kukonzekera kubereka.

Akuwonetsa magazi a wodwala a gulu linalake (Zero, A, B, AB).

Imakhazikitsa Rh wa makolo amtsogolo, potero kupewa kupewa kwa mpungwepungwe wama Rh wa mayi ndi mwana wosabadwa.

Pomaliza

Kotero kuti tebulo lokhala ndi zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi mulibe chabodza, ndipo adotolo amatha kufotokozera bwino zotsatira ndi miyambo, achikulire ndi ana awo ndikofunika kumwa mankhwala mosamala:

Onani nthawi yomwe muyenera kupewa kudya zakudya ndi madzi.
Osasuta.
Pewani kuchuluka kwambiri komanso kupsinjika.
Masiku angapo musanapite ku labotale, siyani kudya zamkaka, mowa.

Kupeza zotsatira zopitilira muyeso kumafuna kutanthauzira kwa adokotala. Kudzichiritsa nokha kumawopseza ndi zochitika zomwe sizinachitike, chifukwa kusadziwa zambiri kungayambitse kulakwitsa koyambitsa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.