Matenda A shuga: Zizindikiro Zowopsa Zodziwa Matendawa

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe glucose ochokera ku chakudya sangatengeke ndi minyewa ndipo amayenda m'magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a metabolic. Zingwe chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chakudya zimayamba kuzindikira zina zowonongeka.

Kulephera kuphatikiza shuga kumalumikizidwa ndi kusowa kwa insulin yopanga 1 mtundu wa mellitus kapena kusowa kwa chidwi cha minofu mu mtundu wa matenda a shuga osagwirizana ndi insulin.

Ngakhale mitundu iwiriyi ya shuga ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana mu mtundu wa hyperglycemia (kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi) ndi glucosuria (kutulutsa shuga mumkodzo), momwe shuga imayambira komanso zizindikiro zakukula kwa matendawa ndizosiyana pa mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga.

Zizindikiro zakuyamba kwa matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba

Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amapezeka pamene maselo omwe amapezekazilumba za Langerhans adzawonongedwa. Kuchuluka kwa insulini yopangidwa ndi maselo awa amayamba kutsika kapena kusiya kwathunthu.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu 1 zitha kukhala izi:

1. Zotsatira za Autoimmune.
2. Matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus.
3. Khalidweli.

Mavuto osatetezeka ndi chitukuko cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo a autoimmune nthawi zambiri amakhala achichepere kapena achinyamata okhwima. Odwala oterowo nthawi zambiri amakhalanso ndi matenda ena a autoimmune (systemic lupus erythematosus, nyamakazi yamatumbo, autoimmune chithokomiro).

Matenda a shuga amatha kuyamba ndi kachilomboka. Ndi kobadwa nako rubella, mumps, hepatitis, cytomegalovirus, ma cell a beta amawonongeka ndipo zimachitika m'mene amapangidwira ma cell a immune. Milandu ya matendawa imadziwika chifukwa cha chimfine.

Mtunduwu umapezeka uli wachichepere mwa amuna ndi akazi. Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga okhala ndi kuwonongeka kotereku zikupita patsogolo.

Matenda a shuga obadwanso m'mimba ndi matenda a shuga kwa ana aang'ono zimachitika ndi chibadwa chamabanja. Itha kuwonekera kwa nthawi yoyamba ndikupanga chikomokere. Mu shuga mellitus, kuchuluka kwakukulu kumawonedwa ali ndi chaka chimodzi ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwakuthwa kwa shuga wamagazi. Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga 1 amodzi:

• Ludzu lamphamvu komanso losatha.
• Pakamwa pakamwa.
• Polyuria (kukodza kwambiri) nthawi zina mpaka malita khumi patsiku ndi kukula kwa madzi am'mimba. Izi ndichifukwa choti mu impso ndi matenda ashuga, kuthamanga kwa osmotic kumakwera. Pankhaniyi, thupi limataya kwambiri potaziyamu ndi sodium.
• Kulimbitsa usiku wonse.
• Kukula kwa kufooka wamba ndi kutopa.
• Ziwopsezo zakusowa kwa chakudya, chidwi chowonjezereka cha kudya maswiti.
• Kuyambika kwa shuga mu makanda kumawonekera pokhapokha ngati diaper mutayamwa mkodzo umakhala wouma, wofanana ndi nyenyezi. Mwanayo amadya mwachidwi ndi kumwa madzi ambiri, khungu limakhala louma komanso lotupa. Kwa ana adakali aang'ono, kugona kwamikodzo kumadziwika usiku.
• Kuchepetsa kwambiri thupi ndi zakudya zochuluka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa glucose m'matupi. Kuchepetsa thupi kumatha kufika kilogalamu 10 mpaka 15.
• Fungo la maapulo wowawasa kapena acetone mu mpweya wotulutsidwa.

Zizindikiro zake za matenda ashuga zimadziwika kwambiri. Zikachitika, pali kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa kapamba. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi insulin yomwe imadalira matendawa, zizindikiro zachiwiri za matenda a shuga zimayambika, zomwe zimawonetsa kuphwanya kwa magwiridwe antchito:

1. Kuyabwa kwa khungu komanso mucous nembanemba.
2. Mobwerezabwereza thrush kugonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala antifungal.
3. Mutu, migraine.
4. Kusowa tulo
5. Chizungulire
6. Furunculosis.
7. Lawani chitsulo mkamwa.
8. Kusanza, kusanza kwakanthawi.
9. Kuwona koperewera, madontho akuthwa patsogolo pa maso.
10. Pafupipafupi matenda opatsirana komanso fungus.
11. Kuona ndi dzanzi kumapazi ndi manja.
12. Mikwingwirima ndikumverera kolemetsa m'miyendo yam'munsi.
13. Zilonda ndi mabala sizimata kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuwonjezeranso.
14. Matenda opatsirana amakhala ndi njira yotsogola, maantibayotiki othana ndi maantibayotiki akupita patsogolo.

Maphunziro a mtundu woyamba wa shuga mwa akulu amatha kupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono. Ndi njira iyi, kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, shuga amatha kulipidwa mokwanira ndi zakudya zama carb ochepa, kumwa mapiritsi omwe amachepetsa shuga la magazi.

M'tsogolomu, chithandizo chotere chimakhala chosagwira ntchito, ndipo zizindikiritso za autoimmune zimawonjezeka m'magazi, pomwe odwala amasamutsidwa kupita ku insulin.

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za matenda ashuga

Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda ashuga, omwe amatchedwa "mbendera zofiira," amalola madotolo kukayikira matendawa ndikuwapatsa wodwalayo mayeso oyesa kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi shuga wambiri.

• Kuyamwa mwachangu. Impso zimayambira kuchuluka kwa glucose ndipo zimakonda kusefera panthawi ya diresis, pomwe madzi ambiri amatulutsidwa pamodzi ndi mamolekyulu a shuga.
• W ludzu. Zowonjezera zomwe anthu amafunikira ndizomwe zimawonjezera shuga. Mulingo wambiri wa glucose umatsogolera pakuchotsedwa kwatha kwa shuga mu mkodzo, ndipo thupi limasowa madzi. Njira yayikulu yodzitetezera ku madzi ndi ludzu - zizizindikiro zimatumizidwa ku ubongo kuti ndikofunikira kumaliza zamadzi. Munthu amayamba kumwa pafupipafupi kuposa kale, nthawi zina mpaka malita 8-10 patsiku.
• Kuchepetsa thupi. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ndi onenepa kwambiri, kuchepa thupi kumayamba pang'onopang'ono kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa matenda ndikudziwika bwino komanso osasintha kadyedwe.

Zizindikiro zochepa za shuga

Madandaulo a ludzu, kukodza kwambiri komanso kuchepa kwa thupi nthawi zambiri amakhala anzawo a shuga ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimapangitsa dokotala kuti aganizire za matenda akulu. Komabe, palinso zizindikiro zochepa za matenda ashuga, zomwe, komabe, zitha kuthandizira kukayikira kudziwa izi ndikulola kulandira chithandizo kwakanthawi kuti kuyambe. Ngakhale kunyumba, mutha kudziwonetsa nokha kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga mwazindikira ndi monga:

Kutopa ndikuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito, kumverera kwakanthawi koti "kutaya mphamvu" kumatha kuchitika mwa munthu aliyense wathanzi, komabe, kutopa kwa nthawi yayitali, kusakhudzika ndi kutopa, osati chifukwa cha kuchuluka thupi kapena kupsinjika, komanso kusazimiririka pambuyo pakupuma, kungakhale chizindikiro cha endocrine matenda, kuphatikiza matenda ashuga.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo?

Mungamvetse bwanji kuti mutha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga m'moyo wanu ndipo ndani ayenera kuyesedwa choyamba? Pali zinthu zingapo zoopsa zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wodwala poyerekeza ndi anthu ena athanzi.

• Khalidweli. Ngati munthu wapafupi nanu ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 kapena mtundu wa matenda ashuga 2, ndiye kuti mungathe kukhala ndi matendawa.
• Kulemera kwambiri. Anthu onenepa kwambiri amakhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 pafupipafupi.
• Zizolowezi zoipa. Kusuta fodya, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa komanso zakudya zopanda pake sikuti kumangokulitsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga, komanso kukulitsa njira ya matendawa ndikukulitsa zovuta.
• Mimba Mwa amayi apakati, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayang'aniridwa mosamala nthawi yonseyi, chifukwa pali mtundu wina wa matenda a shuga omwe amapezeka mwa amayi apakati - shuga ya gestational.
• Ukalamba. Type 2 matenda a shuga ndi ofala kwambiri kwa okalamba ndipo ukalamba umangokulira, komabe, muyenera kukumbukira kuti mtundu 1 wa shuga, m'malo mwake, umapezeka kwambiri mwa ana ndi achinyamata.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati mukukayikira matenda ashuga

Choyamba, musachite mantha ndikuopa kupita kwa dokotala. Kuti mudziwe kuti matendawa safuna mayeso ovuta komanso okwera mtengo, ndikokwanira kukayezetsa magazi ndikudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Pakadali pano, odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi mwayi ngakhale kunyumba kuti akachite mayeso kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa glycemia ndikuchita tsiku ndi tsiku. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za glucose othamanga ndi 3.3-5,5 mmol / L, ndipo mutatha kudya zosaposa 7.8 mmol / L.

Komabe, kuthamanga kwa glucose komwe kumakwera kamodzi sikutanthauza chifukwa chodziwira matenda osokoneza bongo, kuchuluka koteroko kuyenera kupezeka kawiri, kapena chifukwa chotere mwina chikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga pamtunda wa 11 mmol / l, mosasamala kanthu za kudya.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa a shuga amayesedwa kuti amupime mozama kuti adziwe mtundu wa matendawo, zovuta zake, komanso kupereka mankhwala oyenera.

Momwe mungapewere matenda a shuga. Malangizo

Tsoka ilo, palibe malingaliro kuti apewe matendawa ndi chitsimikizo cha 100%. Pali zinthu zobadwa mwanjira ina zomwe sizingatengere mwanjira iliyonse. Komabe, pali malingaliro angapo othandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga ochuluka:

1. Khalani ndi moyo. Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, sankhani zomwe mungachite ndi zolimbitsa thupi, ngati zikuyenda, kusambira kapena kuyenda.
2. Samalani chakudya. Sankhani zakudya zopatsa thanzi, perekani zakudya zamafuta omwe ali ndi chisonyezo chachikulu cha glycemic (chimanga, masamba) m'malo mwa chakudya "chofulumira" cha zakudya (ufa, maswiti).
3. Pewani kulemera. Chongani cholozera chanu chambiri ndikuchisunga mosasintha.
4. Siyani zizolowezi zoyipa. Yesani kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mowa uliwonse ndikusiya kusuta msanga momwe mungathere.
5. Yang'anirani magazi anu. Ngati zaka zanu zikuposa zaka 40 kapena muli ndi vuto limodzi, simungathe kuchita zina popanda mayeso: mumapereka magazi pafupipafupi mu labotale kapena gwiritsani ntchito chinthu monga glucometer kuti mupeze matenda ashuga nthawi.
6. Penyani kuthamanga kwa magazi anu ndi kumwa mankhwala kuti muchepetse, ngati pakufunika.

Kumbukirani - matenda ashuga sichingakhale sentensi, anthu omwe akudwala matendawa amatha kukhala moyo wathunthu, komabe, kuyendera adokotala mwachangu komanso kwakanthawi kudzawonjezera mwayi wanu wokhala ndi thanzi lanu ndikukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri.

Ziwerengero zina

Matenda a shuga ndi vuto lochita kufalikira kumayiko otukuka. Asayansi akuyerekezera kuti ku United States of America kokha, anthu 29 miliyoni ali ndi matenda enaake a shuga (pafupifupi 10% ya dzikolo). Ku Russia, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina, anthu odwala matenda a shuga sachepa pang'ono peresenti (pafupifupi 7% kapena 9.6 miliyoni anthu).

Ziwerengero zake zimakhala zoopsa, ndipo chaka chilichonse zinthu zikuipiraipira. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti pafupifupi anthu atatu ali ndi matenda ashuga, pafupifupi 30% ya anthuwa omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2 azaka zisanu. Ndipo, mwina koposa zonse, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa atatu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga amawerengedwa - samangokayikira kuti matendawa alipo.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa za zisonyezo ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, ndikutha kuzizindikira. M'malo mwake, pali nkhani yabwino - ngakhale palibe "chithandizo" cha matenda ashuga odziwika mu mankhwala - kaya ndi mtundu 1, mtundu 2 kapena gestational matenda a shuga - pali zambiri zomwe zitha kuchitidwa kuti zitha kuthetsa matenda mwanjira yachilengedwe, kuti athe kuulamulira Zizindikiro komanso kupewa.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri ndi matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda a metabolic omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha insulin. Zizindikiro za matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (shuga). Ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba, nthawi zambiri matendawa amakula msanga komanso ali aang'ono kuposa matenda a shuga a 2. Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba nthawi zambiri amayambanso zizindikiro zazikulu. M'malo mwake, popeza zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za matenda amtundu 2 zimatha kukhala zochepa kwambiri nthawi zina, zimatha kupezeka patapita nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti vutoli likukulira komanso kukula kwa zovuta.

Ngakhale sizikudziwika kwathunthu kuti izi zimachitika bwanji, kukhala ndi shuga yayitali nthawi yayitali kumatha kuwononga minyewa yam'mitsempha, yomwe imakhudza mitsempha yamagazi, mtima, maso, miyendo ndi ziwalo zamkati. Ngati simusiyidwa, zitha kuyambitsa mavuto monga matenda a mtima, matenda a chonde mwa azimayi, kukhala ndi pakati poyipa, kusaona, mavuto ammimba, ndi zina zambiri.

Ngakhale zina mwazidziwitso za matenda a shuga zimawonekera pakapita kanthawi, anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amakhala ndi zofooka zochepa kotero kuti amapita osadziwikiratu. Izi ndizofala makamaka kwa azimayi panthawi yoyembekezera omwe angadwale matenda ashuga panthawi inayake. Amayi omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi vuto lililonse, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyesa kuyesa mayeso a glucose pakatha masabata 24 mpaka 28 kuti muchepetse zovuta komanso kuonetsetsa kuti mayi ali ndi pakati.

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za matenda amtundu 1 amaphatikizapo:

• ludzu pafupipafupi komanso pakamwa lowuma
• kusintha kwakudya, nthawi zambiri kumakhala njala yayikulu, nthawi zina kumachitika ngakhale mutangodya kumene (kumathanso kuphatikizika ndi kufooka komanso mavuto akukhazikika)
• kutopa masana ndikumva kutopa tulo
• kusinthasintha
• kusawona bwino, kusawona bwino
• kuchiritsa pang'onopang'ono mabala ndi mikwingwirima, matenda apafupipafupi, khungu lowuma
• Kusintha kwachilendo kwa thupi, makamaka kuchepa thupi, ngakhale kudya zakudya zofanana (izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti thupi limagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ena ali m'misempha ndi mafuta, ndikuchotsa shuga mumkodzo)
• kupuma (kotchedwa Kussmaul kupuma)
• kulephera kudziwa
• kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha komwe kumayambitsa kumva kugwedezeka kapena kupweteka ndi dzanzi m'miyendo ndi mikono (nthawi zambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2)

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za matenda amtundu wa 2 amaphatikizira:

Black Acanthosis (Acanthosis nigricans)

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 angayambitse zomwezi zomwe tafotokozazi, kupatula kuti nthawi zambiri zimayamba pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Mwa anthu ambiri, zizindikiro za matenda amtundu 2 zimachitika pakatikati kapena paukalamba ndipo zimayamba pang'onopang'ono, makamaka ngati matendawa sanalandiridwe. Kuphatikiza pazizindikiro zomwe tafotokozazi, zizindikiro zina za matenda amtundu wa 2 zimaphatikizaponso:

• Khungu lowuma komanso loyera
• zikwangwani zakhungu lakuda pakhungu (nthawi zambiri m'makono ndi khosi) - izi zimatchedwa wakuda wa acanthosis
• matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi (matenda a kwamkodzo thirakiti (UTI), kutaya kwa maliseche ndi kutaya mu groin
• Kulemera, ngakhale osasintha zakudya
• kupweteka, kutupa, dzanzi, kapena kumva kuwawa m'manja ndi m'miyendo
• kukanika kugonana, kuphatikizapo kuchepa kwa libido, mavuto obeleka, kuwuma kwa ukazi ndi kusokonekera kwa erectile

Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga

Kuphatikiza pazizomwe tafotokozazi, matenda a shuga amatha kuyambitsa zovuta, limodzi ndi zizindikiro zina zowoneka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kudziwidwa koyambirira komanso chithandizo cha matenda ashuga ndikofunikira kwambiri - kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri zovuta monga kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, matenda amtima, matenda a pakhungu, kuwonjezereka kwa thupi, kutupa, ndi zina zambiri.

Kodi mavuto amatuluka kangati? Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwa Zizindikiro zoyipa kapena mavuto obwera ndi matenda a shuga, kuphatikiza:

• Momwe mumayang'anira shuga yanu bwino.
• Mwazi wanu wamagazi.
• Kodi mwakhala mukudwala matenda ashuga mpaka liti?
• Mbiri yachipatala ya banja lanu (majini).
• Moyo wanu, kuphatikizapo zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupsinjika ndi mtundu wa kugona.

Pulogalamu yoletsa matenda ashuga adachita kafukufuku wazachipatala wazaka zitatu mosadukiza ndipo adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga pakati pa achikulire omwe amakhala pachiwopsezo chocheperako kunachepetsedwa ndi 58% pambuyo pa kusintha kwazinthu zazikulu poyerekeza ndi kutsika kwa 31% kwa mankhwala (Metformin). Zosankha zonsezi zinali zothandiza kwambiri popewa zovuta poyerekeza ndi placebo kapena kusintha kwa moyo. Zosintha zabwino zidachitika zaka zosachepera 10 kuchokera phunziroli!

Zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha (neuropathy)

Hafu ya anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakhala ndi vuto la mitsempha, makamaka ngati matendawa sakulamulidwa kwazaka zambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa glucose wamagazi kumakhalabe kwachilendo. Pali mitundu ingapo ya kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga, omwe amatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana: zotumphukira za m'mitsempha (zimakhudza miyendo ndi mikono), autonomic neuropathy (imakhudza ziwalo monga chikhodzodzo, matumbo am'mimba ndi ziwalo) ndi mitundu ina yambiri yomwe imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa msana, mafupa, mitsempha ya cranial, maso ndi mitsempha yamagazi.

Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga ndi monga:

• mapazi akunjenjemera
• kuwotcha, kusoka kapena kuwombera ululu m'miyendo ndi manja
• khungu lolunjika (pali kumverera kuti khungu limatentha kwambiri kapena kuzizira)
• kupweteka kwa minofu, kufooka, komanso kusakhazikika
• kuthamanga kwamtima
• kuvutika kugona
• thukuta lisintha
• kusokonekera kwa erectile, kuuma kwa ukazi ndi kusowa kwa chotupa - chochitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha
• carpal tunnel syndrome (kupweteka kwakanthawi komanso kuzizira kwa zala)
• chizolowezi chovulala kapena kugwa
• Kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito, kuphatikiza kumva, kuwona, kulawa ndi kununkhiza
• kugaya chakudya, monga kufinya pafupipafupi, kudzimbidwa, kutsegula m'mimba, kutentha kwa mtima, nseru, ndi kusanza

Zizindikiro za shuga zomwe zimakhudzana ndi khungu

Khungu ndiye chiwalo chimodzi chomwe chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga. Zizindikiro za shuga zomwe zimakhudzana ndi khungu zimatha kuchitika kale kuposa ena, ndipo ndizodziwika bwino. Matenda a shuga angayambitse magazi kusayenda bwino, kuchiritsa mabala pang'ono, kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi, kuyabwa kapena khungu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti matenda yisiti ndi mabakiteriya azitha kukula mosavuta komanso mwamphamvu, komanso zimapangitsa kuchira.

Zizindikiro ndi khungu lanu lomwe limayambitsa matenda ashuga limaphatikizapo:

• zotupa ndi zotupa za khungu zomwe zimayambitsa khungu, kuyaka, kutupa, redness ndi zilonda,
• toyambitsa matenda a yisiti ndi yisiti, kuphatikizapo matenda yisiti ya wamkazi
• kutupa kwa matope,
• ziphuphu
• matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro za candidiasis zomwe zimakhudza kugaya kwam'mimba (candida esophagitis) ndi khungu (candidiasis of the khungu), mwachitsanzo, kuzungulira misomali, pansi pa chifuwa, pakati pa zala kapena zala zakumaso, mkamwa (kupindika pakamwa) ndi dera lachiberekero,
• mbewa
• dermopathy
• diabetesic lipoid necrobiosis,
• matuza ndi ma flakes, makamaka mdera lomwe muli kachilombo.
• folliculitis (matenda opatsirana amatsitsi a tsitsi)

Zizindikiro zamaso

Kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pakubwera ndi matenda amaso ngakhale kutaya kwamaso / khungu. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chakhungu kuposa anthu omwe alibe matenda ashuga, koma ambiri a iwo amakhala ndi mavuto ang'onoang'ono omwe amatha kuthandizidwa mavuto atayamba.

Matenda a shuga amakhalanso ndi mbali yakumaso yolumikizira ya cornea, komanso retina ndi macula. Malinga ndi National Diabetes Association, pafupifupi anthu onse odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba 1 ndipo ambiri okhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amayamba kukhala osachiritsika.

Mphaka

Zizindikiro zake za shuga zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi masomphenya / thanzi la maso zimaphatikizapo:

• diabetesic retinopathy (mawu omwe amafotokoza matenda onse a retina omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, kuphatikiza osapindika komanso kuchuluka kwa retinopathy)
• kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha m'maso
• mphira
• glaucoma
• macular alibe
• ntchentche pamaso panu
• kutayika kwamaso komanso khungu

Limodzi mwa madera omwe maso omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda ashuga ndi macula (chikasu chakumaso), chifukwa chomwe timatha kuwona bwino komanso timatha kuwona ngakhale zazidziwitso zazing'ono kwambiri. Mavuto ozungulira mu retina amatsogolera ku glaucoma, omwe amapezeka mwa 40% mwa anthu odwala matenda a shuga poyerekeza ndi anthu athanzi. Munthu akakhala ndi matenda ashuga kwambiri komanso akamakula, ndiye kuti amatha kudwala glaucoma.

Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga nawonso amatha kuwadwala kawiri kawiri kawiri, kuyerekeza ndi anthu opanda matenda a shuga. Ma Cataralog mawonekedwe pamene galasi lamaso amaso limakhala mitambo, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kowoneka, mpaka kutayika kwathunthu. Chifukwa chakuyenda bwino kwa magazi ndi mitsempha, odwala matenda ashuga nawonso amatenga matenda oyambitsidwa ali aang'ono, omwe amapita patsogolo mofulumira.

Ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya retinopathy, mitsempha yamagazi yaying'ono (capillaries) kumbuyo kwa diso imayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu ndikusokonekera, kutsekeka kwa magazi wamba. Izi zimatha kukula m'magawo mpaka munthu atasiya kuwona, makoma amtunduwu atalephera kupereka zinthu zofunika kwa retina. Mafuta ndi magazi amatha kutuluka m'magawo amaso, kutchinga m'maso, kuyambitsa minyewa, kusokonekera kapena kutambalala.

Momwe mungathanirane ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwanjira yachilengedwe

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi zoopsa zambiri komanso zizindikiro, koma nkhani yabwino ndikuti imatha kuthandizidwa ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso kusintha kwa moyo. Ambiri mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga a 2 amatha kusintha mikhalidwe yawo kuti ikhale yabwinoko ndikuwongolera kwathunthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga mwakukhazikika pakudya kwawo, zolimbitsa thupi, kugona komanso kupsinjika. Ngakhale matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amakhala ovuta kuchiza ndikuwongolera, zovuta zitha kuchepetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zomwezi.

Nawa maupangiri asanu okuthandizani kusintha mkhalidwe wanu ndikuwongolera zizindikiro za matenda ashuga.

1. Kuyendera pafupipafupi kuchipatala

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga sadzakhala ndi zizindikiro zowoneka (mwachitsanzo, retinopathy yopanda proliferative, yomwe imatha kuyambitsa masomphenya kapena matenda ashuga pakapita nthawi ya pakati. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti nthawi zonse azichita mayeso kuti aziona momwe magazi aliri komanso kuchuluka kwa matendawa, kuti awone zovuta (maso, khungu, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kulemera ndi mtima).

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti simuli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a mtima, onani dokotala nthawi zonse kuti muchepetse magazi, cholesterol yamagazi ndi triglycerides (lipids). Zolondola, kuthamanga kwa magazi anu sikuyenera kupitirira 130/80. Muyeneranso kuyesetsa kukhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso kuti muchepetse kutupa m'thupi. Njira yabwino yokwaniritsira izi ndikudya zachilengedwe, zakudya zathunthu, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, kugona mokwanira.

2. Kudya mokwanira komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi

Zakudya za matenda a shuga zimayesetsa kukhalabe ndi shuga m'magazi m'malo oyenera komanso kupewa kupewetsa zovuta. Kudya zakudya zonse zachilengedwe komanso kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamafakitala zomwe muli ndi shuga wowonjezera, mafuta opatsirana, zakudya zosakonzedwa komanso zakudya zamkaka, komanso zinthu zina zamkaka, zimathandiza kukhalabe ndi shuga wamagazi, zimapangitsa kukhala bwino komanso kupewa mavuto.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kunenepa kwambiri ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha matenda amtundu wa 2, motero kulimbitsa thupi ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse Zizindikiro ndikuchepetsa zovuta monga matenda a mtima. National Institute of Health inati anthu amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chawo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga mwa kuchepetsa thupi pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kudya shuga wambiri, mafuta oyeretsa, komanso zopatsa mphamvu zochuluka kuchokera ku zakudya zomwe zakonzedwa.

Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzidya zakudya zabwino komanso zodwala:

3. Kuwongolera shuga kwa magazi kuti musawononge mitsempha

Njira zabwino kwambiri zopewa kapena kuwononga msanga mitsempha ndikuyang'anira shuga yanu m'magazi. Ngati muli ndi vuto logaya chakudya chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yomwe imakhudza ziwalo zanu zam'mimba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito michere yokugaya, ma protein, ndi zina zowonjezera monga magnesium, yomwe ingathandize kupuma minofu, kusintha matumbo, komanso kuwongolera zizindikiro.

Mavuto ena, monga kuperewera kwa mahomoni, kukanika kugona, komanso mavuto ogonanso kudzachepetsedwa kwambiri ngati mutasintha zakudya zanu, kuwonjezera kudya zakudya zofunika, ndikusungabe kupsinjika kwanu komanso thanzi lanu lonse.

4. Kuteteza khungu ndi chithandizo

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ochulukirapo kuposa anthu athanzi labwino omwe akudwala matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya, fungus, ndi yisiti. Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, mutha kuthana ndi mavuto amtundu wa khungu ndikuwongolera shuga, kutsata malamulo aukhondo, komanso kuchiritsa khungu lanu ndi zinthu zachilengedwe monga mafuta ofunikira.

Ngati khungu lanu lili louma, madotolo amalimbikitsanso kuchepetsa kusamba, kugwiritsa ntchito ma emollients achilengedwe kuti ayeretse khungu lanu (mmalo mwa makemikolo ambiri owopsa omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo ambiri), nyowetsani khungu lanu tsiku ndi tsiku ndi ma emollients monga mafuta a kokonati pakhungu lanu, ndikuyesera kupewa kuwonekera nthawi yayitali pansi pa dzuwa.

5. Kuteteza maso

Anthu omwe amakhala ndi shuga m'magazi pafupi ndi zabwinobwino sangakhale ndi vuto la masomphenya, kapena amakhala ndi chizolowezi chofewa. Kuzindikira koyambirira komanso kuthandizidwa moyenera kumatha kukupulumutsani.

Kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo cha mavuto amaso monga ma catala kapena glaucoma, muyenera kuyang'ana maso anu kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka. Pokhala mutachita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikutsatira zakudya zopatsa thanzi, mutha kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa kuwonongeka kwamasamba ndikuwongolera shuga lanu lamagazi, kuphatikiza muyeneranso kuvala magalasi adzuwa padzuwa. Ngati maso anu achulukira ndikuwonongeka pakapita nthawi, dokotala angakulimbikitseninso kuti m'malo mwa ndolo ya diso - izi zikuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi mawonekedwe.

Zambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga

• Anthu pafupifupi 9 miliyoni miliyoni ku Russia ali ndi matenda ena a shuga (pafupifupi 7% ya dzikolo).
• Opitilira 29 miliyoni aku U.S. ali ndi mtundu umodzi mwa mitundu itatu ya matenda ashuga (mtundu 1, mtundu 2, kapena gestational). Izi zikuyimira pafupifupi 9.3% ya dzikolo, kapena pafupifupi mmodzi mwa anthu 11 aliwonse.
• Pafupifupi anthu ena atatu omwe ali ndi matenda a prediabetes (pomwe magazi a glucose kapena A1C amakhala okwera kwambiri kuposa abwinobwino, koma osakwera kwambiri kuti apezeke ndi matenda a shuga mellitus). Popanda kulowererapo, pafupifupi 30% ya anthu omwe ali ndi prediabetes amakhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2 pasanathe zaka zisanu.
• Amakhulupirira kuti pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu odwala matenda a shuga sapezeka ndi matendawa, ndipo samakayikiranso.
• Matenda a shuga a Type 2 ndi omwe amayambitsa zovuta zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga, monga khungu, kusadulidwa kwamthupi, komanso kulephera kwa impso. Matendawa amathandizanso kuopsa kwa matenda a mtima, sitiroko, komanso mavuto okhala ndi chonde.
• Matenda a shuga a gestational mellitus (mtundu wa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi pakati komanso kusintha kwa mahomoni) amakhudza pafupifupi 4% ya azimayi onse oyembekezera, makamaka Spain, aku America, Achizungu aku America, komanso azimayi aku Asia. Amathanso kukhala mwa akazi azaka zopitilira 25 ndi onenepa kwambiri, komanso mwa azimayi omwe m'mabanja mwawo mwakhala muli ndi matenda a shuga (genetic factor).
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chaimfa 50% kuposa anthu omwe alibe matendawa.
• Mtengo wazachipatala kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga umawonjezera kawiri mtengo wa anthu opanda matenda a shuga.

Zizindikiro zamatenda a matenda amtundu 1

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda nthawi zambiri umayamba msanga. Nthawi zina zimadutsa masiku angapo zisanachitike zizindikilo zoyamba mpaka wodwalayo atayamba kukula.

Komanso, nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti wodwalayo wapezeka m'chipatala chifukwa cha matenda a shuga.

Chizindikiro chimodzi cha matenda oyamba ndikuchepa kwambiri kwa odwala.. Potere, wodwalayo amakhala ndi chidwi chosatha komanso chodandaula. Koma kuchepa thupi sikuwonetsedwa ngakhale ndi zonenepa kapena zowonjezera pakudya wamba.

Ichi ndi chifukwa chosakwanira kapangidwe ka insulin. Zotsatira zake, maselo sangathe kupeza shuga wokwanira, zomwe zimatanthawuza mphamvu, zomwe ndizomwe zimayimira ku ubongo. Ndipo thupi likuyesera kulipirira kuchepa kwa mphamvu izi m'njira ziwiri.

Kumbali imodzi, kumakhala kumva kwamphamvu njala, ngakhale wodwalayo atangodya kumene. Kulakalaka kosasamala komanso koonekeratu kwa maswiti, gwero lalikulu la glucose, ndilopadera.

Komabe, ngakhale ndi chakudya chochulukirapo, kuchuluka kwa maselo sikuchitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin.

Chifukwa chake thupi limayamba m'lingaliro lenileni la "kudya zokha." Choyamba, kuchepa kwa minofu, komwe kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizikhala loonda komanso looneka bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, thupi limatulutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku lipids, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwambiri kwa mafuta ochulukirapo.

Palibenso chida chocheperako chomwe chili ndi ludzu cholimbikitsa kwambiri kukodza. Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Chowonadi ndi chakuti njira yokhayo yomwe ingapezeke ndi thupi yochepetsera kuchuluka kwa glucose pazinthu zosowa insulin ndikuwonjezera kutulutsa kwake mu mkodzo.

Mwa izi, ntchito ya impso yowonjezereka imachitika, ndipo, chifukwa chake, kukodza kumawonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo amatha kupitanso kuchimbudzi katatu kapena kanayi.

Makamaka mawonekedwe amakhala pafupipafupi, mpaka kanayi mpaka kasanu, kukodza usiku. Chizindikiro china chodziwika bwino cha matendawa ndi kununkhira kwa acetone pakupuma kwa wodwala.

Chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsa kudzikundikira kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi a anthu komanso kukula kwa metabolic ketoacidosis. Ngakhale mulingo wa asidi ndi alkali m'mwazi ukadali wokhazikika, ndiye kuti, acetosis imalipidwa, izi zimakhala zowopsa pa thanzi ndipo zimatha kudwala matenda ashuga.

Kutopa ndi kugona kwakanthawi ndizosankha, koma zizindikiro zofala kwambiri za matenda ashuga 1. Chizindikiro ichi chinapezeka mu 45% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga, pomwe mwa anthu omwe alibe matendawa, kutopa kwambiri kumachitika mwa 7 peresenti yokha ya milandu.

Chizindikirochi chimadziwonetsera mu odwala matenda ashuga pazifukwa zingapo. Chodziwika kwambiri cha iwo ndi kusowa kwa mphamvu yokwanira m'maselo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin m'thupi.

Zotsatira zake, wodwalayo amamva kuwawa komanso kufooka, makamaka m'malo otsika.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa magazi kumapangitsanso kufooka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuchulukitsa kwamaso kumawonetsa kuti kupezeka kwa michere m'maselo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Kugona ndi kutopa nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndikatha kudya..

Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwamalingaliro a wodwala kumathanso kuchitika. Chisoni, ulesi zimayamba, wodwalayo amamva chisoni kapena kukhumudwa popanda chifukwa. Kusintha kwa masinthidwe am'magazi kumapangitsa kuti mpweya wabwino uzituluka m'minyewa ina imakulabe. Chifukwa chake, ndikusowa kwa mpweya womwe mafinya amayamba kukumana ndi matenda a shuga, omwe amachititsa kuti tsitsi la munthu lisokonekere.

Kuphatikiza apo, alopecia imachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi, komanso mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda ashuga.

Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba ndi omwe amachititsa kuti azimayi akuluakulu asamaone bwino.

Matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amachititsa khungu, monga matenda amkati, glaucoma ndi retinopathy (kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi) ndizovuta zambiri.

Zowonongeka zowonongeka zimawonedwa mwa 85% ya odwala. Pachigawo choyamba, kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe amayamba chifukwa cha kutupa kwa khungu la maso, kukulira shuga ochulukirapo.

Matenda a mtundu wama glucose amatsogolera kubwezeretsa mwachangu magawo oyambira a kuwona kwamunthu.

Mawonetseredwe apadera amtundu wa shuga

Type 2 shugayodziwika kuti kupanga kwa insulin ndi thupi sikumachepa ndipo sikutha.

Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri makondedwe a odwala amagwira ntchito mwakhama kuposa anthu athanzi.

Komabe, thupi la munthu yemwe akudwala matendawa limakhala ndi insulin kukana, chifukwa chotsatira kuti glucose amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi minofu yonse. Zotsatira zake, maselo amataya shuga, pomwe kukhazikika kwake m'magazi kumatuluka. Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amadziwika ndi nthawi yayitali ya asymptomatic.

Pakadali pano, njira yokhayo yodziwira matendawa ndi kutenga magazi. Komabe, chiwonetsero cha zizindikiro zina za matendawa ndizotheka. Mawonekedwe a matendawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka zaka makumi anayi, ndipo motsutsana ndi maziko azinthu zotere monga kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda amtima. Chizindikiro choyamba ndi pakamwa pouma komanso ludzu.

Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi tsiku lililonse kumawonjezera kawiri kapena kanayi. Kufunikira kwa chimbudzi kumachulukanso.

Shuga wambiri amabweretsa mavuto azungulire, omwe amagwira ntchito makamaka m'miyendo.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amayambitsa kusintha kwa mitsempha. Zotsatira zake, izi zimatha kumveka kumva. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha neuropathy. Kupendekera, kenako dzanzi la miyendo imayamba pambuyo pa kuchepa mphamvu, kupsinjika, kuchita zolimbitsa thupi.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimamvekera kumiyendo ndi m'manja. Ndi nthendayo ikakula mendo, miyendo imayamba kuoneka bwino, kenako kutupira kwa m'munsi kumachitika. Ndi chitukuko cha shuga yemwe amadalira insulin, nseru, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayendera limodzi ndi kusanza, ndizothekanso. Zodabwitsazi siziphatikizidwa ndi poyizoni wa chakudya.

Zomwe zimayambitsa nseru mu shuga zingakhale:

• hyperglycemia
• achina,
• gastroparesis
• ketoacidosis.

Kuphatikiza apo, kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga kungayambitsenso kusanza - uwu ndi umboni wa kuwawidwa mtima nawo. Khungu lowuma ndikuluma kumatha kuchitika osati mwa matenda ashuga okha.

Komabe, kuphatikiza ndi zizindikiro zina, ndi chizindikiro cha kukula kwa matendawa. Khungu lowuma m'magazi a shuga ndi zotsatira za kusowa kwamadzi, komanso kufinya kwa sebaceous komanso thukuta la thukuta. Pambuyo pauma, kuyabwa kumayambanso.

Kuyabwa kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa khungu lowuma kwambiri - ming'alu, kukankha kwakanthawi kochepa, kapena umboni wa kukula kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus.

Makamaka nthawi zambiri, mafangayi amakhudza gawo la inguinal kapena malo pakati pa zala. Katemera woponderezedwa sangathe kulimbana ndi bowa, choncho amafalikira mwachangu.

Kuwotcha mu mtundu wa 2 odwala matenda ashuga ndimwambo wamba.. Kuchita thukuta kwambiri thukuta kumatha chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo. Nthawi zambiri, wodwalayo amatuluka thukuta ndi kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi - atamwa mankhwala oyenera, kulimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu kapena chifukwa cha kusowa zakudya m'thupi.

Ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, chifukwa chinanso cha thukuta chitha kuchitika - kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yamitsempha yomwe imakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa tiziwalo thukuta. Pankhaniyi, thukuta limapezekanso popanda mkwiyo wakunja.

Zotsatira zakusokonekera kwa thupi la glucose losakwanira lolowera m'maselo motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa kuchuluka kwa magazi komanso kuwonongeka konsekonse m'moyo wabwino.

Ubongo umakhudzidwa makamaka, momwe glucose ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu lofunikira pantchito.

Zotsatira zake ndi kukwiya komanso kusakwiya. Matenda a kwamkodzo thirakiti ndi chizindikiro cha matenda a shuga 2.. Munthawi yovomerezeka, mkodzo mulibe glucose, malo abwino opangira mabakiteriya.

Mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, impso sizibweza shuga m'magazi - potero thupi limayesetsa kuchepetsa kupanikizika kwake. Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwamatenda pafupipafupi ndi nthawi yolamulira shuga.

Matenda oopsa oopsa amadziwika kwambiri ndi odwala 30-35%, ndipo nephropathic imayamba mu 15-20% ya odwala matenda ashuga a 2.

Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatha kuchitika pasadakhale zizindikiro zina za matenda ashuga. Ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, matenda a nephropathic ogwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kwa impso amatha kuwonekera.

Kodi shuga ya gestational imawoneka bwanji mwa amayi apakati?

Matenda a shuga a Gestational ndi matenda a insulin omwe amapezeka nthawi yapakati. Amadziwika ndi amayi achikulire oyembekezera ndipo amapezeka kuyambira milungu 24.

Zomwe zimapangitsa izi sizimveka bwino, koma zimadziwika kuti kubadwa kwa makolo komanso kupezeka kwa matenda a autoimmune amatenga gawo lalikulu.

Matenda a shuga a Gestational amadziwika ndi zizindikiro monga lakuthwa kwambiri komanso kulemera kwakukulu popanda kusowa kwa chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, pali kumverera kwamphamvu kwa ludzu komanso kuwonjezeka kofananira kwa kuchuluka kwa mkodzo wopangidwa.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amathandizanso kuti azikhala ndi thanzi labwino, kumva kutopa kwambiri, kuchepa chidwi komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito.

Ndi madandaulo ati omwe angazindikire kukula kwa matendawa kwa ana?

Matenda a shuga amawopa mankhwalawa, ngati moto!

Muyenera kungolemba ...

Njira yamatendawa ali mwana imakhala ndi zochitika zina.

Amalumikizidwa ndikuti thupi lomwe likukula limadya mafuta okwana 10 g pa kilogalamu ya thupi, komanso kukula msanga ndi ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe.

Nthawi zina matendawa amakhala asymptomatic, ndipo amatha kuzindikiridwa pambuyo poyeserera ma labotale angapo. Komabe, nthawi zambiri makolo samangokhala ndi chidwi ndi zinthu zina.

Ndikofunika kudandaula ngati mwana amamwa madzi ambiri - mpaka malita awiri ndi awiri patsiku ndi mkodzo wowonjezera. Pankhaniyi, kutopa, chidwi chododometsa ndizotheka. Pali kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa mwana.

Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha matenda ashuga ndicho kuchepa kwa kukana kwa mwana ku matenda.

Njira Zodziwitsira

Kuti adziwe matendawa, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika kuti pakhale shuga komanso glycated hemoglobin.

Njirayi imakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone bwino momwe wodwalayo amalolera ndikuwona osati shuga wokhawo woyamba kapena wachiwiri, komanso wotchedwa prediabetes - kuphwanya kulekerera kwa glucose, komwe sikuyambitsa zotsatira zoyipa ndipo sikuyenda ndi zizindikiro zilizonse.

Kuzindikira kokwanira kokha komwe kumatha kutsimikizira kukhalapo kwa matendawa.

Kuzindikira shuga mumkodzo kumachitidwanso, ndipo ma ultrasound a kapamba amathandizira kudziwa ma pathologies ndi kusintha kwamapangidwe ake.

Zizindikiro zasayansi zodalira odwala a insulin komanso omwe samadalira insulini

Njira yayikulu yosiyanitsira ndi kuyesa insulin m'magazi.

Ngati insulin m'magazi ndi yotsika ndi shuga wambiri, lembani matenda a shuga 1.

Ngati insulin yowonjezera ikapezeka, izi zikuwonetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga a mtundu 2.

Malinga ndi zomwe zapezeka, njira yothandizira, zakudya ndi njira zina zothetsera vuto la wodwalayo zimapangidwa.

Chizolowezi cha shuga m'magazi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kupatuka

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika m'mawa, asanadye.

Zabwinobwino zimawonedwa kuti zimakhala 5,5 mmol wa glucose pa lita.

Kuti muzindikire molondola, zitsanzo zingapo zimatengedwa nthawi yayitali. Izi ndikuti tilepheretse kulandira zolakwika.

Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zifukwa zina. Mwachitsanzo, kupweteketsa mtima, kuwotcha kwambiri, kugwidwa.

Shuga amadzuka ndi angina, atatha kupsinjika kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Opaleshoni kapena kuvulala kwamtundu wa m'mimba kungayambitsenso kuchuluka kwa glucose. Pambuyo pochotsa zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, index ya shuga m'magazi imabwerera mwakale.

Mfundo zakuchiritsa matenda

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika. Komabe, zimakhala zotheka kusinthitsa thanzi la wodwalayo ndikuwonjezera kuchotsedwa kwa matendawa pochita njira zina.

Kwa matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, uku ndikuwongolera insulin, mwina ndi jakisoni, kapena mosalekeza ndi pampu ya insulin.

Nthawi yomweyo, chakudya chochepa mu shuga, wowuma ndi mafuta chimachitika. Mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umayimitsidwa ndi chakudya chopanda chakudya, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera omwe amabwezeretsa yankho labwinobwino la thupi ku insulin, komanso kukhazikitsa malangizo othandizira odwala komanso olimbitsa thupi.

Ndikosatheka kuchiritsa matenda a shuga, koma ndi njira yoyenera yodutsira matenda, njira yodwalayo imayandikira nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa munthu wamba.

Kupewa, kapena chochita kuti mubwezeretse ntchito ya pancreatic

Mkhalidwe wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kusinthika komanso kupewa matenda kuti asayambike. Kuti muchite izi, njira zingapo zofunika zimatengedwa.

Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana zamasamba zatsopano

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kusintha kulemera ndikuwunikanso zakudya. Zakudya zamafuta zimachotsedwa, mafuta amachepetsedwa, masamba ambiri atsopano amayambitsidwa. Chakudya chimachitika nthawi 5-6 patsiku, zazing'ono.

Onetsetsani kuti mukuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mwachitsanzo - masewera olimbitsa thupi. Nthawi yomweyo, kupsinjika kwambiri kwamaganizidwe ndi nkhawa komanso thupi, monga chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa akhazikike, ayenera kuchepetsedwa, kapena bwino, kuthetseratu. Mchitidwe wothana ndi mankhwala omwe amateteza matenda a metabolism kumachitidwanso.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za shuga mu kanema:

Mokulira, kukana kwakanthawi kokwanira komanso kokwanira kwathu kumathandiza kupewa kukula kwa matenda ashuga pafupifupi 70% ya milandu. Mwa odwala ena, kupezeka kwake kumalumikizidwa ndi kubadwa kwamtundu wanthawi yayitali, komabe, amatha kukhalanso ndi chikhululukiro chokwanira kwanthawi yayitali.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga

Matendawa amakula mwa anthu pamene thupi limasiya kutulutsa ma insulin kapena mphamvu ya minofu kupita ku insulin imachepa poyankha kudya zakudya zamafuta, shuga ndi mafuta. Mwa anthu athanzi, kapamba amabisa insulini kuti athandize kugwiritsa ntchito ndikusunga shuga (glucose) ndi mafuta, koma anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kutulutsa insulini yochepa kwambiri kapena sangathe kuchitapo kanthu mokwanira, zomwe pamapeto pake zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Insulin ndiye mahomoni ofunikira kwambiri chifukwa amalola kuti mugawe bwino ma macronutrients ndikuwasamutsa m'maselo, omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati "mafuta" (mphamvu). Tifunikira insulini kuti tisamutse glucose kudzera m'magazi kupita ku maselo kuti apereke mphamvu zokwanira kukula kwa minofu ndikukula, ntchito zaubongo, ndi zina zambiri.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga (wotchedwanso "juvenileabetes mellitus") ndiwosiyana ndi matenda a shuga 2 chifukwa zimachitika pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimawononga maselo opanga insulin . Matenda a shuga 1 amayamba ali aang'ono, nthawi zambiri munthu asanakwanitse zaka 20.Kumbali inayo, ndi matenda a shuga a 2, insulin imapangidwa, koma sikokwanira kapena thupi la munthu silichita mokwanira (lotchedwa "insulin resistance"). Matenda a shuga a Type 2 nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu opitilira zaka 40 (ngakhale akufalikira kwambiri mwa ana), makamaka mwa ana onenepa kwambiri.

Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amayang'anira glucose wamagazi, ndipo monga lamulo, imayang'aniridwa mwamphamvu ndi kapamba, yemwe amayankha kuchuluka kwa shuga wopezeka m'magazi nthawi iliyonse. Dongosololi siligwira ntchito ngati munthu ali ndi matenda ashuga, omwe amatsogolera kuzizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza pafupifupi dongosolo lililonse mthupi. Mu matenda a shuga, Zizindikiro zakusintha kwa shuga m'magazi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwamlakalaka, kulemera, mphamvu, kugona, kugaya chakudya, ndi zina zambiri.

Pali zifukwa zambiri zopangitsa kuti munthu azidwala matenda ashuga. Kukula kwa matendawa kumatha kukhala chifukwa cha kuphatikiza zinthu, kuphatikizapo kuperewera kwa chakudya, kutupa kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri, moyo wokhazikika, chiwopsezo cha majini, kupsinjika kwakukulu ndikuwonetsa poizoni, ma virus ndi mankhwala oyipa.

Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 chikukula kwambiri pazochitika zotsatirazi:

• zaka zopitilira 45
• kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri
• kumangokhala
• pali mbiri yabanja ya matenda ashuga (makamaka ngati makolo kapena abale awo akudwala)
• kuthamanga kwa magazi (140/90 kapena kuposa), cholesterol yambiri (HDL) yotsika ndi 1,93 mmol pa lita imodzi (mmol / L) kapena triglycerides pamwambapa 13.77 mmol / L
• kusowa kwa mahomoni, kuphatikizapo polycystic ovary syndrome