Momwe mungayambire kulumala ndi matenda a shuga a 2?

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa a endocrine system chifukwa cha kuperewera kwenikweni kapena kuperewera kwa insulin, timadzi timene timaloza glucose timadutsamo. Matenda a shuga ndi amtundu woyamba komanso wachiwiri.

Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, maselo a beta omwe ali ndi vuto la kupanga insulin ndipo amakhala kumapeto kwa kapamba amafa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana kapena samachita ndi ntchito zawo.

Zotsatira zake, kudalira kwamphamvu kwa insulin kumachitika m'thupi, komwe kumangolipiridwa ndi kuyambitsa kwa mahomoni kuchokera kunja.

Mu matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri, insulin imapangidwa m'maselo a beta, koma mwina thupi limalandira mosavomerezeka, kapena kukana kwa insulin m'matumbo ndi minofu kumawonjezeka ndipo njira ya biochemical imaleka kugwira ntchito molondola.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amakhala ochepa thupi, matendawa amakula kwa zaka zambiri, koma pamapeto pake, thupi limasinthanso kwambiri ndi matenda amtundu woyamba. Kusintha kumeneku kumabweretsa kulumala kwamuyaya ndipo nthawi zambiri limodzi nawo wodwala amapatsidwa gulu linalake lopuwala. Palinso matenda a shuga a gestational kapena matenda ashuga apakati.

Kodi kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga ndi chiani?

Monga matenda opatsirana ambiri, matenda ashuga si owopsa paokha, koma ndi zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa. Mavuto omwe akupitilira kwa kagayidwe kazakudya zimakhudza ziwalo zonse ndi minyewa, koma amavutika kwambiri:

• mtima ndi zotumphukira zamitsempha yamagazi (macroangiopathy, diabetesic myocardiopathy, phokoso la matenda ashuga, zomwe zimayambitsa gangrene ndi kuduladula kwamigawo yayitali),
• impso - microangiopathy komanso kupweteka kwa aimpso osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana amapezeka mwa 60% ya odwala matenda a shuga,
• dongosolo lamanjenje - matenda a shuga a m'magazi, omwe amatsogolera ku matenda amisala, dementia, paresis ndi ziwalo,
• Maso - odwala matenda ashuga retinopathy amachititsa 10% ya milandu yakhungu ndi 36% ya milandu yopitilira kuchepa kwa kuwona kwakukalamba kwa okalamba.

Ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba a insulin, zonse zimakhala zoyipa komanso zabwinoko. Ngati wodwala salandira jakisoni wa insulin kapena akana, sangangokhala wamisala kapena wodwala matenda ashuga. Zaka 100 zapitazo (asanapangidwe mankhwala ochiritsira), odwala matenda a shuga 1 samakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 30, akumwalira ndi matenda a ketoacidosis komanso matenda ashuga.

Ngati mankhwalawa ali pachiwonetsero, ndiye kuti matendawo amayambika bwino kwambiri kuposa DM-2, chinthu chachikulu ndikuwunika magazi pafupipafupi, kutsatira zakudya zapadera komanso kukhala ndi insulini yothandizira jekeseni ndi "maswiti" othandiza mwadzidzidzi.

Ndikofunikira kuwunika mulingo woyenera wa mankhwalawa ndikusintha momwe zochitika zamakono ziliri. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin kapena kuphatikiza jakisoni wambiri ndi ntchito zolimbitsa thupi, kupsinjika, nkhawa yamanjenje imadzala ndi zotsatirapo zina - kukulitsa kwa hypoglycemia ndi kuphwanya komweko, kokha chifukwa cha kusowa kwa shuga.

Pazinthu zadzidzidzi zotere, maswiti omwe tafotokozawa ndi zomwe mukufuna.

Kodi matenda ashuga amapereka olumala?

Pafupifupi anthu onse odwala matenda ashuga komanso anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo (kuthamanga kwa shuga 6-7 mmol pa lita imodzi) ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa ngati matenda a shuga amachititsa kulumala, omwe gulu limapatsidwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko cha matenda komanso zomwe zingachitike.

Ku Russia, chinthu chomaliza chosamalira njira yotumizira odwala omwe ali ndi vuto losatha kapena kwakanthawi kukayezetsa zamankhwala ndi chikhalidwe (ITU) ndiwo lamulo la Ministry of Labor No. 1024n pa Disembala 15, 2015. Idalowa mu unduna pambuyo pavomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachilungamo pa Januware 20, 2016 No. 40560.

Malinga ndi dongosolo ili, kukula kwa zovuta zonse zogwira ntchito mthupi la munthu kumayesedwa pamiyeso khumi - peresenti, koma kuwonjezeka kwa 10%. Pankhaniyi, madigiri anayi a matenda amodzi amadziwika:

1. Wamng'ono - kukula kwa kuphwanya kosiyanasiyana mwa 10-30%.
2. Zabwino - 40-60%.
3. Kuphwanya kosalekeza - 70-80%.
4. Zophwanya zazikulu - 90-100%.

Madotolo ndi ofufuza adayikira njira iyi pakutsutsa koyenera, chifukwa sizimapangitsa chidwi cha kuphatikiza ma pathologies angapo, koma ambiri, machitidwe a magulu othandizira anthu pazachipatala m'miyezi yaposachedwa adayamba. Zowonongeka zimaperekedwa pamaso pa matenda osachepera amodzi okhudzana ndi gulu lachiwiri, lachitatu kapena lachinayi la zovuta kapena pamaso pa matenda awiri kapena kupitirira, zolakwika kapena kuvulala kwa gulu loyamba.

Kulephera mu shuga yaana

Kulephera ndi matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga kumasonyezedwera kwa ana osakwana zaka 14, ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti mwana amatha kudziyimira pawokha, kupenda shuga wamagazi ndikupanga jakisoni wa insulin kapena zonsezi zili pamapewa a makolo.

Mabungwe oyesedwa kuchipatala ndi chitetezo chamtundu, monga lamulo, amagwera m'malo mwa makolo ndi ana awo odwala ndikupatsa gulu lachitatu la olumala lopanda mafunso apadera.

Gulu lachiwiri limatha kupezeka pokhapokha ngati pali zizindikiro zazikulu za ketoacidosis, ma comma angapo a shuga, kusokonezeka kwa mtima, dongosolo lamitsempha, impso, kufunikira kwa hemodialysis ndi kuchipatala kosalekeza, etc.

Chomwe chitha kukhala chovuta posankha chithandizo chamankhwala - pomwe mwana sangathe kupereka dongosolo lomveka la insulin mankhwala komanso nthawi yonse yomwe angafunire inshuwaransi kuchokera kwa achikulire, kuphatikiza ogwira ntchito kuchipatala.

Matenda a shuga kwa achinyamata

Muubwana ndi unyamata, osati kuopsa kwa matendawa, kuchuluka kwa ziwopsezo zamankhwala ndi machitidwe, komanso zotulukapo za matendawo pakutha kuphunzira, kudziwa bwino ntchitoyo, ndikukhala ndi luso lantchito, kumabwera posankha zopunduka. Kulemala kwa gulu lachitatu limaperekedwa kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wanthawi yophunzirira ku sekondale, maphunziro apamwamba komanso maphunziro apamwamba.

Komanso, kuzindikira za matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuletsa ufulu kuchita nawo ntchito inayake. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga komanso kuwopsa kwa matendawa.

Chifukwa chake, zikuwonekeratu kuti wodwala SD-1 sayenera kugwira ntchito yopunthwitsa kapena wonyamula - pantchito yotere, wodwalayo amadzivulaza.

Nthawi yomweyo, wodwala matenda ashuga sangaloledwe kuyendetsa basi kapena ndege - kuchitika mwadzidzidzi kwa Hyper- kapena hypoglycemia kumatha kubweretsa chisoni osati wodwala yekha, komanso anthu ambiri omwe akuyenda nawo.

Odwala omwe akudalira insulin sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'masitolo otentha, pamakompyuta, m'malo owongolera, komwe kuli kofunika kwambiri ndipo palibe nthawi yoyeserera pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe ndi jakisoni. Njira yokhayo ndikugwiritsa ntchito pampu ya insulin, koma izi ziyeneranso kuvomerezedwa ndi adokotala musanayambe.

Type 2 shuga

Ngati kulumala kwa matenda amishuga a mtundu woyamba kumadalira kuvutikika kwa matenda, msambo wodwalayo ndi kuthekera kwake kudzisamalira ndikuchita podzilipiritsa, ndiye kuti lembani matenda ashuga a 2 chifukwa nthawi yayitali matendawa ndi kusokonekera kwa matendawa, nthawi zambiri, amapatsidwa kale mochedwa magawo chitukuko cha matendawa, mavuto atalowedwa kwambiri.

Sizodabwitsa kuti mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga 2 amapatsidwa gulu lachitatu losowa nthawi zambiri. Wodwala yekha sakuthamangira kukayezetsa kuchipatala ndi anthu, akukhulupirira kuti kudwala pang'ono kumadutsa posachedwa ndipo kupuma pantchito ndikadali kutali.

Madokotala nawonso safuna kuwononga ziwonetserozo ndipo satumiza wodwalayo ku ITU, koma amangomulimbikitsa kuti ataye nkhawa yayikulu mthupi komanso kusamalira nkhawa, zizolowezi zoipa ndikusintha kadyedwe kake.

Khalidwe losasamala la thanzi la munthu limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malingaliro omwe amakhala akuti ku Russia anthu olumala amakhala anthu apamwamba, ndipo ngati munthu "atsatira gululi" panthawi yopanda kanthu monga shuga wamagazi owonjezera, ndiye kuti amakonda kwambiri chakudya kuyika ndalama pachuma cha anthu ndikulandila zabwino. Tsoka ilo, mfundo zina za chikhalidwe chathu zomwe zimaperekedwa sizikupereka mpata wolimbana ndi malingaliro oyipa awa.

Funso lenileni ndilakuti ngati kulumala kwa matenda ashuga 2 kuli koyenera, matendawo akakhudza ziwalo zonse zomwe zili mthupi.

Mtima ndi ziwiya zam'mimba zimakhudzidwa ndi myocardiopathy.

Kumbali ya impso - kulephera kwakuya kosalekeza, kufunikira kwa dialysis kapena kumuwonjezera mwachangu (ndipo sizikudziwika ngati impso ya woperekayo ichika mizu m'thupi lofooka kapena ayi).

Chifukwa cha neuropathy, miyendo imakhudzidwa ndi matenda a parresis ndi ziwalo, dementia ikupita patsogolo. Zombo za retina zimawonongeka, mbali yowonera ikucheperachepera, mpaka khungu lonse litachitika.

Zingwe za miyendo zimalephera kuletsa minofu, pali necrosis ndi gangrene. Nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale kudulidwapo kabwinobwino sikutsimikizira kuthekera kwa ma prosthetics - zimakhala zowonongeka ndi matenda amisala sangafune kutenga mwendo wochita kupanga, kukanidwa, kutupa, ndi sepsis zimachitika.

Mukufunsa ngati kulumala kwa matenda ashuga 2 ndikoyenera? Inde, ziyenera kutero, koma ndibwino osazibweretsa! Kuphatikiza apo, njira zamakono zamankhwala zimatha kuthana ndi zovuta za matendawa komanso kupewa kupewetsa mavuto osaneneka.

Kodi mungadwale bwanji matenda a shuga?

Ngati tikulankhula za wodwala wamkulu, kuti athe kukayezetsa pachipatala ndi kuyanjana, ndikofunikira kupeza chitsogozo cha adokotala kapena ochiritsira a ITU. Zitatha izi, wodwalayo amakumana ndi mayeso ndi mayeso otsatirawa:

1. Kuwerengera kwamwazi konse, kusala komanso kudya pambuyo pa chakudya, 3-lipoprotein, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, hemoglobin.
2. Urinalysis kwa shuga, acetone ndi matupi a ketone.
3. Electrocardiogram
4. Kupenda kwamaso (zizindikiro za rheumatopathy ndi matenda ashuga),
5. Kufufuza kwamitsempha - kuwunika kuwonongeka kwamkati ndi zotumphukira zamitsempha, kumayang'anitsitsa kudziwa kwa khungu.
6. Kuyesedwa kwa opaleshoni (matenda a dziko lam'malo ochepa).
7. Maphunziro apadera a zotupa zazikulu za ziwalo ndi machitidwe enaake. Pakulephera kwa aimpso, kuyesa kwa Zimnitsky-Reberg ndikutsimikiza kwa microalbuminuria tsiku ndi tsiku, vuto la neuropathy, encephalogram, komanso matenda ashuga othamanga, dopplerografia yotsika madera. Nthawi zina, maphunziro ovuta kwambiri amalembedwa, mwachitsanzo, MRI ya phazi, mtima kapena CT yaubongo.

Zotsatira za kuyang'anira tsiku ndi tsiku kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi ntchito zamtima zochitikira kunyumba kapena kuchipatala ndizomata.

Lingaliro pakusankhidwa kwa gulu la olumala limapangidwa pamaziko a kafukufuku wazachipatala chonse, kuphatikizapo zotsatira za mayeso ndi kafukufuku wodwala.

Gulu lopunduka kwambiri lomwe ndidamupatsa ngati wodwala ali ndi vuto lalikulu, pomwe sangathe kuyima payekha kuti adzisamalire.

Chitsanzo chachisoni kwambiri ndikuduladula kwa mwendo umodzi kapena miyendo yonse pamwamba pa bondo ndikusatheka kwa ma prosthetics.

Ngakhale kulumala kwakukulu kwa gulu loyambalo kungathe kuwongoleredwa ngati mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo uchita bwino, mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pakupatsirana bwino kwa impso ndi matenda ashuga a nephropathy. Tsoka ilo, monga taonera, nthawi zambiri, kulumala kumabwera mochedwa.

Matenda a shuga sangathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu, koma ndi chotheka kukhala ndi moyo wakhama, kugwira ntchito, kukhala ndi banja, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Chachikulu ndikuzikhulupirira nokha ndikukumbukira kuti inunso muyenera kudzithandiza nokha.

Chitani mtundu wa 1 ndikulemba 2 shuga omwe amapereka

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amachititsa kuti ma insulin apange zosokoneza.

Mavuto a matendawa amakhudza kudwala kwa wodwala kukhala moyo wangwiro. Choyamba, zimakhudza gawo la antchito.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a mitundu yonse iwiri amafunikira kuwunikira pafupipafupi ndi akatswiri azachipatala, komanso kulandira mankhwala apadera.

Kuti tipeze maufulu owonjezereka a chisamaliro chazachipatala ndi zamankhwala, omwe akudwala matenda amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amakayikira ngati kulumala mu shuga kumapereka.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kulephera

Gulu la olumala lomwe lidzapatsidwe odwala matenda ashuga limatengera mtundu wa zovuta zomwe zimachitika nthawi yamatendawa. Mfundo zotsatirazi zimawerengedwa: matenda obadwa nawo kapena obadwa nawo mwa anthu, mtundu 1 kapena matenda a 2. Pokonzekera mfundo, madokotala ayenera kudziwa kuopsa kwa matenda omwe amapezeka m'thupi. Gulu la matenda ashuga:

1. Zosavuta: kukhalabe ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose kumatheka popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ma pharmacological othandizira - chifukwa cha zakudya. Zizindikiro za m'mawa muyezo wa shuga musanadye chakudya, sayenera kupitirira 7.5 mm / lita.,
2. Pakati: Kawiri pa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kuwonetsedwa kwa zovuta zofanana ndi matenda ashuga - retinopathy ndi nephropathy koyambira.
3. Zachikulu: shuga m'magazi 15 mmol / lita imodzi kapena kuposerapo. Wodwalayo atha kudwala matenda ashuga kapena kukhazikika m'malire a boma kwanthawi yayitali. Zowononga kwambiri impso, mtima dongosolo, kusintha koopsa kwa malekezero apamwamba komanso otsika ndikotheka.
4. Makamaka olemera: ziwalo ndi encephalopathy zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe tafotokozazi. Pamaso pa fomu yolimba kwambiri, munthu amalephera kuyenda, sangathe kuchita njira zosavuta kwambiri pakusamalira payekha.

Kulephera ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga kumatsimikizika pamaso pa zovuta zomwe tafotokozazi ngati wodwalayo awonongeka. Kubwezera ndi mkhalidwe womwe shuga satha kusintha pakudya.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kulumala Kugawirana

Gulu la olumala m'matenda a shuga limatengera mtundu wa zovuta za matendawa.

Gulu loyamba limapatsidwa ntchito ngati:

• pachimake aimpso kulephera
• ubongo encephalopathy ndi matenda amisala omwe amayamba chifukwa chake,
• zigawenga zam'munsi, phazi la matenda ashuga,
• pafupipafupi matenda a shuga,
• zinthu zomwe sizilola kugwira ntchito zogwirira ntchito, kudzipezera zofunikira (kuphatikizapo ukhondo), kuyendayenda,
• kusamala chidwi ndi malo m'malo.

Gulu lachiwiri ndi lomwe lidayikidwa ngati:

• diabetesic retinopathy ya 2 kapena 3 gawo,
• nephropathy, chithandizo chake chosatheka ndi mankhwala a pharmacological,
• kulephera kwa aimpso koyambirira kapena kudwala,
• neuropathy, limodzi ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, zotupa zazing'ono zamanjenje ndi minyewa ya mafupa.
• zoletsa pakuyenda, kudzisamalira komanso kugwira ntchito.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi:

• kuphwanya koyenera kwa ziwalo zina zamkati ndi machitidwe (malinga ngati izi zingachitikebe kuti izi zisanachitike sizingasinthe),
• zoletsa zazing'ono pantchito ndi kudzisamalira.

Kulumala kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga nthawi zambiri kumakhudza gawo lachitatu.

Asanapange kulumala, wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa kuti adzayembekezera zoletsa pazogwira ntchito. Izi ndi zowona kwa iwo omwe agwira ntchito yopanga ndi ntchito yolumikizana ndi zolimbitsa thupi.

Eni ake a gulu lachitatu azitha kupitiliza kugwira ntchito zoletsa zazing'ono. Anthu olumala a gulu lachiwiri adzakakamizidwa kuti achoke ku zochitika zokhudzana ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi.

Gulu loyamba limawonedwa ngati lopanda pake - odwala otere amafunika chisamaliro chokhazikika.

Kupanga Kulephera Kwa Matenda A shuga

Musanayambe kudwala matenda a shuga, muyenera kudutsa njira zingapo zamankhwala, kukayezetsa ndi kupereka zikalata zingapo ku chipatala komwe amakhala. Njira yopezera wolemala "wolumala" iyenera kuyamba ndikuyendera kwa akatswiri azachipatala, ndipo pamaziko a anamnesis ndi zotsatira zake zoyesedwa koyambirira, amafunika kupita kuchipatala.

M'chipatala, wodwala adzafunika pitani kukayezetsa komanso kuyesedwa. Mndandanda womwe uli pansipa:

• mkodzo ndi magazi kuyesa kuchuluka kwa shuga,
• Zotsatira za glucose,
• kusanthula kwa mkodzo chifukwa cha acetone,
• zotsatira za mayeso a glucose
• ECG
• ubongo tomography
• zotsatira zoyesedwa ndi katswiri wazachipatala,
• Mayeso a Reberg a mkodzo,
• zambiri zamiyeso ya mkodzo watsiku ndi tsiku,
• EEG
• Mapeto atafufuzidwa ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni (kukhalapo kwa zilonda zam'mimba, kusintha kwina kwamiyendo kumayesedwa),
• zotsatira za dopplerography.

Pamaso pa matenda ophatikizika, zitsimikiziro zimapangidwa zokhudzana ndi kusinthika kwa maphunziro awo ndi matenda awo. Pambuyo polemba mayeso, wodwalayo ayenera kupita kukapangidwe ka zikalata zofunika kuperekera kuchipatala ndi kuyesedwa - olamulira kumalo komwe amakhala, komwe kumapereka mwayi wokhala "wolumala".

Ngati lingaliro loipa lingachitike pakulemekeza wodwalayo, ali ndi ufulu wotsutsa chigamulo ku ofesi yachigawopakuphatikiza chiganizo chogwirizana ndi paketi ya zikalata. Ngati ofesi ya Regional ITU imakana, ndiye kuti wodwalayo ali ndi masiku 30 kuti akadandaule ku ofesi ya Federal ITU. Muzochitika zonse, yankho kuchokera kwa maulamuliro liyenera kuperekedwa pakatha mwezi umodzi.

Mndandanda wamakalata omwe ayenera kuperekedwa kwa woyenera kuchita:

• buku la pasipoti
• Zotsatira za kusanthula konse ndi mayeso omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa,
• malingaliro azachipatala
• mawu a fomu yokhazikitsidwa Nambala 088 / у-0 ndi chofunikira kupatsa gulu la olumala,
• kupita kokayenda
• kutulutsa kuchokera ku chipatala za mayeso omaliza,
• Khadi lachipatala kuchokera ku malo okhala.

Nzika zogwira ntchito zimafunikanso kuti zigwirizane buku la ntchito. Ngati munthu wasiya kale chifukwa chodwaladwala kapena sanagwirepo ntchito, ayenera kuyika zikalata zosonyeza kukhalapo kwa matenda omwe sagwirizana ndi ntchito yaukadaulo komanso mawu omaliza pakufunika kwachikonzedwe.

Ngati chilema chalembedwa kwa mwana wa matenda ashuga, pamenepo makolo amapereka satifiketi yobadwa (mpaka zaka 14) ndi mafotokozedwe ochokera ku bungwe lowona maphunziro.

Njira yotolera ndikulemba zikalata imakhala yosavuta ngati kuyesedwa kwa odwala ndi ITU kumayendetsedwa ndi chipatala chomwecho kumalo komwe amakhala.

Lingaliro la kupatsa olumala gulu loyenera silinapatsidwe mwezi umodzi kuchokera pa tsiku lolemba mafomu ndi zikalata.

Phukusi la zolemba ndi mndandanda wazotsatira ndizofanana ngakhale kuti wopemphayo angafune kutulutsa vuto la matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri.

Kulephera mu mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga, komanso kulemala kwa matenda ashuga 2, zimafuna kutsimikizika kwakanthawi.

Pakadutsa mobwerezabwereza, wodwalayo amapereka chiphaso chotsimikizira kulemala komwe adapatsidwa kale komanso pulogalamu yothandizira anthu omwe akuwoneka kuti akupita patsogolo. Gulu 2 ndi 3 zimatsimikiziridwa pachaka. Gulu 1 limatsimikiziridwa kamodzi pazaka ziwiri zilizonse. Njirayi imachitika kuofesi ya ITU mdera.

Ubwino ndi mitundu ina yothandizidwa ndi anthu

Gawo lolumikizidwa movomerezeka limaloleza anthu kuti alandire ndalama zowonjezera. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi vuto la gulu loyambirira amalandila ndalama zothandizira kulipira ndalama za anthu olumala, omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwiri komanso lachitatu - atafika zaka zopuma pantchito.

Machitidwe achikhalidwe amakakamiza kupereka kwaulere kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi vuto (malinga ndi chidule):

• insulin
• syringes
• glucometer ndi mizere yoyesera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga,
• mankhwala kuchepetsa shuga.

Odwala odwala matenda amtundu wa 2 ali ndi ufulu kulandira chithandizo cha sanatorium, ufulu wophunzirira ntchito yatsopano yatsopano. Komanso, odwala am'magulu onse ayenera kupatsidwa mankhwala othandizira kupewa matenda a shuga. Komanso, m'maguluwa kumachepetsa ndalama zolipiritsa ndi theka zimaperekedwa.

Mwana amene ali ndi vuto la “kulumala” chifukwa cha matenda ashuga amamasulidwa ku usilikali. Mukamaphunzira, mwana samamasulidwa ku mayeso omaliza ndi polowera, chitsimikiziro chimakhazikika pamakalasi apachaka. Werengani zambiri za zabwino za mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga pano.

Amayi odwala matenda ashuga amatha kuyembekezera kutchukitsidwa kwa milungu iwiri.

Malipiro a penshoni a gululi ali mgulu la ma ruble 2300-13700 ndipo zimadalira gulu lomwe lasankhidwa komanso kuchuluka kwa omwe akudalira ndi wodwalayo.

Anthu olumala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zothandizira anthu ogwira ntchito zandalama pazinthu zingapo.

Ngati ndalama za munthu ndi malipiro amoyo 1.5 kapena kuchepera, ndiye kuti chithandizo cha akatswiri othandiza anthu pazachikhalidwe chimaperekedwa kwaulere.

Kulemala kwa odwala matenda ashuga sikungokhala ngati wonyoza, koma njira yopezera chitetezo chenicheni chachipatala komanso chikhalidwe. Sikoyenera kuchedwetsa kukonzekera kwa gawo la kusalephera, chifukwa chosowa thandizo kungayambitse kuwonongeka mu chikhalidwe ndikuwonjezeka zovuta.

Matenda a shuga

Madokotala odziwika bwino

Murashko (Mirina) Ekaterina Yuryevna

Zochitika zaka 20. Wofunsidwa wa Sayansi Yamankhwala

Ermekova Batima Kusainovna

Malyugina Larisa Aleksandrovna

Poyerekeza ndi tanthauzo la boma, munthu amatha kudwala chifukwa choti wapezeka ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lake liziwonongeka, komanso kuti azilepheretsa zochita zina pa moyo wake.

Chifukwa cha matendawa, munthu akhoza kumva kufunika kotetezedwa ndi anthu ena. Ndipo ndimatenda monga matenda ashuga, kulumala kumaperekedwanso, ndipo kumatha kudwala.

Vutoli limakhala la moyo wonse, koma osati nthawi zonse, ndipo limatha kusintha pakumwa. Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga kokha mwa munthu sizitanthauza kutha kwake kukhala wolumala - koma atha kupatsanso mwayi wina, mwa njira zoletsa zochita za akatswiri ena.

Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga ndipo mukukonzekera kutenga gulu la olumala, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kudziwa:

• Gulu loyenerera lidzapatsidwa kwa inu ngati pali zovuta zilizonse, zovuta kapena zovuta,
• Mtundu wa shuga suyenera,
• Lingaliro lopeza chilema kwa odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri ndi labwino,
• Ana omwe ali ndi matendawa sakhala m'gulu lililonse - amangopatsidwa mwayi ngati wolumala kuyambira ali mwana,
• Ngati mudakali aang'ono, mudzatha kugawa gulu loyenerera kwakanthawi mukamaphunzira kapena kuphunzira ntchitoyo.

Kukhala ndi matenda a shuga kungakuthandizeni kudalira chitetezo chamagulu pazinthu zina.

Choyamba muyenera kudziwa zomwe zimatsimikizira boma pazomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala odwala matenda ashuga - lamulo lotsogolera nkhaniyi limakhalapo:

• "Pa kutetezedwa kwa anthu olumala ku Russian Federation" - lamulo lomwe linaperekedwa mu 1995
• Lamulo la Boma la Russian Federation kuti ligamu liti komanso malinga ndi zomwe munthu angalenge kuti sangathe kugwira ntchito, kwathunthu kapena pang'ono,
• Lamulo lomwe njirazo zomwe zikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito polemba mayeso mumalo azachipatala zivomerezedwa.

Nzika zomwe zikukhudzidwa ndi nkhaniyi zikuyenera kuwongoleredwa ndi izi kuti athe kudziwa zomwe angathe kuchita ndi kufotokoza zomwe adzachite.

Malinga ndi zolembedwa pamwambapa, nthawi yomweyo, munthu ayenera kukwaniritsa zinthu zingapo:

• Osangokhala zodandaula, komanso zovuta zolakwika pakugwira ntchito kwa thupi, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zotsatira za mayeso,
• Kuchepetsa pang'ono kapena kuthekera kwathunthu kwa luso lodzisamalira - zingakhale zovuta kuti wodwala azungulire yekha, pakhoza kukhala kusokonezeka poyang'ana malo, kuyanjana ndi akatswiri,
• Pakufunika pakukhazikitsa njira zakukonzanso komanso chitetezo chamtundu.

Maziko amathanso kukhalapo kwa zovuta zotsatirazi:

• Digiri yachiwiri kapena yachitatu ya retinopathy, khungu,
• Neuropathic mtundu ziwalo,
• Matenda amisala, encephalopathy,
• Mlingo wachitatu walephera wamtima, kuphatikiza ndi mtima.
• Matendawa odwala matenda ashuga,
• Kulephera kwakukulu kwaimpso
• Zokomera mwachangu
• Kulephera kugwira ntchito zatsiku ndi tsiku,
• Kupatuka kwakung'ono pakugwiritsa ntchito makina ndi matupi, ndikupanga zovuta pakumanga kwa ntchito.

Ngati mukufuna thandizo la alendo kuti muchite zinthu zofunika, izi zitha kukhalanso chifukwa chabwino.

Kuchotsa

Kaya munthu wodwala matenda a shuga apatsidwe mtundu wa olumala zimatengera zinthu zambiri, zomwe zidatchulidwa pamwambapa. Koma, ngati madokotala akukhulupirira kuti mwayi wotere ulipo kwa inu, ulamuliro womwe mungafunikire kulumikizana ndi kuyesa kwa zamankhwala ndi chikhalidwe, kapena ITU. Thupi ili lodziyimira payokha, ndipo silimvera madokotala ena.

Kulumikizana ndi ITU kumatha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri:

• Zabwino kwambiri - kudzera mwa akatswiri azachipatala. Adzalembera fomu yapadera, atachita mayeso oyenera. Muyenera kudutsa, kuwonjezera pa kuyesa kwa magazi ndi mkodzo, komanso ma ultrasound a ziwalo zamunthu payekha, kuyesa kwa shuga. Mungafunike kupita kuchipatala kwakanthawi. Mutha kutumiziridwa kwa akatswiri ena, akatswiri akatswiri,
• Zitha kuti dokotala wakana kupereka satifiketi. Kenako mudzayenera kudzilumikizitsa nokha, ndi satifiketi yomwe pazidziwitso zaumoyo wanu zikuwonetsedwa. ITU ikuwuzani mayesero omwe adzafunika kuti apange chisankho chomaliza,
• Chisankho kuchokera pakuwunikiranso chimatha kuperekedwanso chifukwa cha khothi.

Pambuyo pazofunikira zonse zakwaniritsidwa, mutembenukira ku mayeso - ndizotheka nokha, ndizotheka ndipo simupezeka - ndi ntchito, pasipoti, satifiketi, khadi ya zamankhwala, buku la ntchito ndi zolemba zina.

Gulu loyamba, lachiwiri ndi lachitatu

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga, gulu loyamba litha kutumizidwa ngati:

• Malangizo,
• Kulephera kwa mtima mu mawonekedwe atatu,
• Coma zochitika zogwirizana ndi hypoglycemia,
• Dementia, matenda amisala chifukwa cha encephalopathy,
• Kulephera kwamphamvu (kwanthawi),
• Ataxia ndi ziwalo.

Chachiwiri chitenga anthu omwe akuvutika:

• Wofatsa retinopathy
• Kulephera kwamphamvu ndimphamvu zabwino,
• Paresis ndi gawo lachiwiri la neuropathy,
• Encephalopathy

Gulu lachitatu limaperekedwa kwa iwo omwe matenda awo samakhala kwambiri, kapena kuopsa kwa zizindikiro zomwe zilipo ndizofatsa kapena zolimbitsa thupi.

Zochita

Ngati mukudwala mtundu wofatsa wa matendawa, saloledwa kugwira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi, kugwira ntchito m'makampani komwe kugwiritsidwa ntchito poizoni kumachitika, kapena ngati kuli koyipa. Simungathe kugwira ntchito kusinthana kwausiku, kukhala ndi maola osakhazikika ndikuyenda maulendo aku bizinesi. Mutha kugwira ntchito pomwe mukufuna ntchito yopepuka, mwakuthupi kapena waluntha.

Ngati mumabaya jakisoni wa insulin, ntchito yomwe imakhudza chidwi chochulukirapo ndipo imayankhidwa mwachangu.

Pankhani yamavuto amaso, odwala matenda ashuga saloledwa kugwira ntchito ndi vuto la maso. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto otsika sayenera kuyimirira ndikukhalamo kwa nthawi yayitali.

Gulu loyamba la olumala silikugwira ntchito, chifukwa limaperekedwa chifukwa chophwanya zovuta komanso kupatuka paumoyo.

Pa intaneti, mutha kupeza zambiri zakukwiyitsidwa zokhudzana ndi zinthu monga kulemala kwa ana odwala matenda ashuga, nthawi zambiri atakwanitsa zaka 18. Zofanana ndi izi zidalembedwa ndi ana azaka 14. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cholumikizidwa kwa zinthu ndi zofunika kuti mupeze udindo.

Tsopano boma likuwunikanso izi pokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa madandaulo kuchokera kwa nzika.

MALANGIZO kwa alendo onse ku MedPortal.net! Mukamajambula kudzera kuchipatala chathu chokha kupita kwa dokotala aliyense, mudzalandira mtengo ndi wotsika mtengokuposa mutapita kuchipatala. MedPortal.

net sikulimbikitsa kudzipangira mankhwala okha ndipo pazizindikiro zoyambirira zimalangiza kuti mukaonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Akatswiri abwino kwambiri amaperekedwa patsamba lathu pano.

Gwiritsani ntchito ntchito yolimira ndi kuyerekezera kapena ingosiyani pempho pansipa ndipo tidzakusankhirani katswiri wabwino kwambiri.

Kodi mungapeze bwanji chilema cha matenda ashuga komanso ngati aliyense amapereka

Funso loti ngati kulumala kumapereka shuga komanso zifukwa zake kukhazikitsidwa ndizosangalatsa kwa odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matendawa.

Matenda a shuga - matenda omwe mumakhala kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi: chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndizovuta zonse za insulin zopangidwa ndi kapamba.

Matendawa amatenga malo amodzi mwa malo oyamba mukulumala komanso kufa kwa odwala. Ngakhale matenda ashuga sangathe kuchiritsidwa, kupezeka kwa matendawa sikokwanira kutsimikizira kulumala.

Maziko olandirira ake ndi zovuta zamagulu aumunthu ndi machitidwe ake, zomwe zimatsogolera ku ziletso za magulu aliwonse azofunikira za odwala.

Mwanjira ina, kuti munthu athe kukhala ndi zilema, matenda ashuga komanso zovuta zake mu akulu ziyenera kuchepetsa mphamvu zomwe munthu azitha kugwira ntchito modzipereka ndi moyo wawo wonse.

Chiwerengero cha ana omwe akudwala matendawa chikukula nthawi zonse. Kodi kulumala ndikoyenera kwa ana oterowo? Inde, kulumala kwa ana kumakhazikitsidwa popanda kuwonetsa gululi kufikira atakwanitsa zaka zambiri, pambuyo pake lingathe kubwerezedwanso kapena kuchotsedwa kwathunthu.

Popeza anthu omwe akudwala matendawa nthawi zonse amafunikira mankhwala okwera mtengo komanso zida zowongolera shuga, amapatsidwa maubwino angapo kuchokera ku boma.

Kupeza zovuta za matenda a shuga kumaphatikizapo kuyezetsa zachipatala komanso chikhalidwe.

Kutsimikiza kwa kupunduka kwa mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga kumayeneranso kuwunika momwe wodwala angadziderere komanso kudzisamalira yekha chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa matenda a shuga 2.

Ndiye kuti, ziribe kanthu mtundu wa matenda omwe munthu ali nawo, kuwopsa kwamavuto obwera chifukwa cha matendawa.

Pali magulu atatu olumala, okhazikitsidwa malinga ndi zovuta zomwe shuga imapanga m'moyo wa munthu.

Zifukwa zoyambitsa kulumala

Matenda a 1 a matenda ashuga amatengedwa ngati matenda a autoimmune. Popeza chifukwa chomwe zimachitikira ndikuti chitetezo chamunthu chimawononga maselo a chamba omwe amapanga insulin.

Wodwala amafunika jakisoni wa insulin nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, matenda amtunduwu amatchedwa kuti insulin-amadalira. Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu ndi ana ndi achinyamata osakwana zaka 40.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimakhudza anthu ena sizikudziwika.

Okalamba omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri kapena matenda ena a endocrine amakula matenda a shuga a 2. Siri matenda a autoimmune, koma amayamba chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wosayenera komanso zakudya zopanda thanzi.

Monga lamulo, palibe kuchepa kwa insulin m'thupi ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakhudzidwa ndi funso loti gulu la olumala limakhazikitsidwa kutengera mtundu wamatenda.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kulumala kumakhazikitsidwa ndi akatswiri malinga ndi zovuta, kuchuluka kwa kulumala, komanso malire a momwe munthu amadzisamalirira.

Kulephera mu mtundu 2 wa shuga kumakhazikitsidwa ndi zomwezi. Kutengera kuzunza kwa zoletsa, magulu 1, 2 ndi 3 amalekanitsidwa. Mavutowa akuphatikizapo:

• retinopathy 2, 3 madigiri (kuwonongeka kwa retina), zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu asamaone,
• neuropathy (zovuta zamanjenje),
• kukula kwa phazi la matenda ashuga kapena matenda osokoneza bongo,
• nephropathy (kuwonongeka kwa matenda a impso)
• pafupipafupi chikomokere
• kufunikira kwothandizira pafupipafupi kapena pang'ono kuchokera kwa omwe ali pafupi nanu panyumba,
• zoletsa pakukhazikitsa antchito, kupatula kuti athe kugwira ntchito mokwanira.

Kayendedwe Kulumala

Momwe mungayambire kulumala ndi matenda ashuga? Ku Russia, kwa anthu olumala, njira yina njirayi imakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo. Kuti mudziwe ngati mungamupatse wodwala matenda olumala komanso gulu liti lomwe lingamutsimikizire, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso amuchipatala komanso chikhalidwe.

Njira yosavuta yofikira ku ITU ndikufunsira kwa dokotala wakwanuko. Wodwala asanaperekedwe, ayenera kukayezetsa, mwina kuchipatala.

Pambuyo pa izi, wodwalayo amapatsidwa mwayi wofunsidwa kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi fomu yapadera (088 / y-06), yomwe ayenera kulumikizana ndi ITU Bureau.

Ngati dokotala wokana akukana kutumiza, wodwalayo ali ndi ufulu wolumikizana ndiofesi ya ITU mosadalira, akutenga chikalata cha kukhalapo kwa matendawo kumalo owunikira. Potere, ITU iwonetsa zotsatira zomwe adzafunika kuwunika mayeso ena pofunsa kuti akhazikitse gululi la odwala matenda ashuga.

Nthawi zina, kwa iwo amene akufuna kupeza chilema, kutumizidwa kukayesedwa kumatha kuperekedwa ndi makhothi.

Kenako, atalandira kutumizira, wodwalayo amatembenukira ku ITU Bureau. Ngati ndizosatheka kudziyimira pawokha chifukwa cha zochitika zilizonse, ndikotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mosakhalapo. Muyenera kukhala ndi zikalata zotsatirazi:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito nzika yomwe ikufuna kulembetsa,
• pasipoti kapena chikalata chotsimikizira kuti ndi ndani,
• Kutumizira ITU kuchokera ku chipatala kapena satifiketi (ngati dokotala wakana kukana kutumiza),
• Zolemba zamankhwala zodwala
• buku la ntchito, zambiri pazochitika,
• zikalata zamaphunziro.

Kupitilira apo, pamaziko a zolemba izi ndi kulumikizana ndi wodwalayo, akatswiri odziimira pawokha a ITU amatsimikiza kuti ndi gulu liti la olumala lomwe lidzapatsidwe kwa wodwala.

Magulu Olumala A shuga

Kuchokera pakusokonekera kwachilengedwe komanso kogwira ntchito mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwira ntchito pang'ono, zimatengera gulu lomwe wodwala alandire. Lamuloli limapereka kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitundu itatu yamagulu olumala: awa ndi 1, 2 ndi 3.

Kupereka kapena kusapereka kwa wodwala, komanso kukhazikitsa gulu, ndi ntchito ya akatswiri ku ITU. Amadziwitsanso kuchuluka kwa kutayika ndi munthu wamomwe angathe kugwira ntchito ndikudzigwira yekha m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.

Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la olumala 1 amaperekedwa pamaso pazovuta izi:

• retinopathy (zomwe zikutsogolera kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa masomphenya)
• neuropathy (ziwalo),
• encephalopathy (kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro, kukumbukira ndi chisamaliro),
• Cardiomyopathy (kugunda kwamtima 3),
• angapo hypoglycemic chikomokere,
• nephropathy
• kukhalapo kwa zoletsa kuyenda, kudzichitira nokha m'nyumba.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, omwe amakhazikitsidwa mu gulu 1, amafunikira thandizo kuchokera kwa akunja ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi olumala kwathunthu.

Magulu opuwala 2 amapatsidwa mwayi wotere:

• retinopathy, yomwe imatchulidwa pang'ono kuposa gulu 1,
• kulephera kwa aimpso mu gawo lothandizira (kufunikira kwa hemodialysis kapena kupatsidwa zina kwa impso),
• neuropathy ya digiri yachiwiri (paresis - kuwonongeka kwa kayendedwe ka mota miyendo),
• zoletsa ntchito, kuletsa pang'ono kuyenda ndi kudzipereka wekha kunyumba.

Gulu lachitatu limaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi shuga wofatsa pang'ono. Pankhaniyi, mavuto amabwera pakudzisamalira (wodwalayo amafunikira njira zapadera zaukadaulo) komanso pantchito yolembedwa (munthu akhoza kugwira ntchito yofunikira ziyeneretso zochepa).

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda abwinobwino amalephera kugwira ntchito zolimba.

Ma diabetes omwe amadalira insulin si mitundu yoyenera ya ntchito yomwe imafunikira chidwi chochulukirapo komanso kuyankha mwachangu kuchokera kwa munthu. Amaloledwa ntchito zaluntha popanda kupanikizika kwa neuropsychic kapena ntchito yaying'ono. Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la matendawa, kupeza gulu la olumala 1 kumawonetsa kulephera kwathunthu kwa wodwala.

Ubwino Wamagulu a odwala matenda ashuga

Malinga ndi World Health Organisation, m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda a shuga chikuwonjezeka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi moyo wokhala chete komanso kuwonongeka kwa chakudya.

Odwala a shuga amtundu wa 1 amakakamizidwa kudzipweteka nthawi zonse ndi insulin. Poganizira kuti ambiri aiwo sangathe kugwira ntchito ndipo ali ndi kulumala chifukwa cha matenda ashuga amtundu umodzi kapena umodzi, boma limathandizira anthu angapo olumala.

Tiyeni tiwone mitundu yanji ya mapindu omwe anthu aku Russia akuyenera kulandira.

Mwalamulo, onse odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi ufulu kulandira mankhwala osokoneza bongo a inshuwaransi, insulini, syringes ndi majekete a matenda ashuga ochokera ku boma kuti athe kuwongolera shuga.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi zilema amalandila penshoni ndi phukusi - mwayi wolandila chithandizo cha spa kamodzi pazaka zitatu zilizonse. Ngati mungafune, mutha kukana kulandira phukusi la anthu ndikusintha ndi ndalama zomwe mumalipira.

Koma nthawi zambiri sangathe kubwezera mtengo wa mankhwala onse omwe amafunikira komanso njira zachipatala kwa wodwalayo. Chifukwa chake, kusiyira phukusi lazachikhalidwe ndikosatheka.

Anthu olumala a magulu onse atatuwa ali ndi ufulu kuyenda mayendedwe aulere. Komanso mulandire kuchotsera pa zolipiritsa zofunikira mu 50%.

Masiku ano, matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa ana awonjezereka.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amakhala ochepa kwa ana, makamaka chifukwa cha matenda ena a endocrine komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Phindu la matenda ashuga limakulirakulira kwa ana otere.

Mosasamala kanthu za kukhalapo kwa kulumala kwa matenda ashuga, ali ndi ufulu kulandira chithandizo cha sanatorium kamodzi pachaka ndikulipidwa kwathunthu ndi boma la kubwerera, chithandizo ndi malo okhala, komanso ndi kulipira zonse zomwe zatchulidwazi kwa kholo lomwe limatsagana ndi mwana.

Ana onse ndi amayi oyembekezera, mosasamala kanthu za kulumala kwawo, ali ndi ufulu kulandira ma free glucose metres ndi mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga.

Kulemala sikofunikira kuti mwana angafunse phindu. Zidziwitso zokwanira kuchokera ku chipatala za kukhalapo kwa matenda.

Zinthu zamakono zokhudzana ndi kulumala

Pakadali pano, monga tanena kale, kulumala kwa matenda ashuga sikungoperekedwa kokha. Malamulo okhudzana ndi kusankhidwa kwa gulu kwa wodwala alimbikitsidwa kwazaka zingapo zapitazi, ndipo zikuvuta kwambiri kukhala ndi chilema pagulu lachiwiri la matenda ashuga.

Malinga ndi dongosolo la Unduna wa Zantchito wa pa Seputembara 29, 2014, kulumala kumatha kupezeka ndi lingaliro la komisheni, yomwe iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pazifukwa zingapo.

Popanga chisankho, komiti ya zamankhwala simaganizira zokhazo osati kungodziwunikira komwe kumakhalapo kapena kusowa kwa zovuta. Izi zimaphatikizira kupatuka kwakuthupi kapena kwamaganizidwe komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chitukuko cha matendawa, zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kulephera kugwira ntchito, komanso kusakhala ndi mwayi wodzipereka.

Kuphatikiza apo, momwe matendawa angatengere matenda komanso kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wabwinobwino zimatha kusinthanso lingaliro ngati gulu lasankhidwa ndi matenda ashuga.

Ngati mungayang'ane ziwerengero, mosaganizira dzikolo, pafupifupi 4,5% ya anthu amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Mwa izi, 60% idapereka kulumala.

Koma pazonse, ndi matenda a shuga a 2, simungaganizidwe kuti ndi osathandiza. Izi ndizotheka pokhapokha pokwaniritsa malangizowo: kutsatira zakudya zoyenera, kumwa mankhwala ndikuwonetsetsa kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi.

Mitundu yamatenda amisala

Wodwala amatchulidwa madigiri angapo olumala, kutengera mawonekedwe a matendawo.

Iliyonse ya magawo amapatsidwa zovuta zina za shuga.

Kutengera ndi zovuta kuzowonetsa, magulu angapo olumala amapatsidwa.

Gulu I la kulumala mu shuga limapangidwira matenda oopsa omwe amayenda ndi matenda monga:

1. Encephalopathy
2. Ataxia
3. Neuropathy
4. Cardiomyopathy
5. Nephropathy,
6. Nthawi zambiri kubwereza kwa hypoglycemic chikomokere.

Ndi zovuta zoterezi, munthu amalephera kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino, sangadzisamalire yekha, amafunikira thandizo lochokera kwa abale ake.

Gulu lachiwiri limayikidwa chifukwa cha kuphwanya kwawonekera kwamthupi kapena m'maganizo:

• neuropathy (gawo II),
• encephalopathy
• kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe (gawo I, II).

Ndi mawonetseredwe otere, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo umakulirakulira, koma sikuti nthawi zonse izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusayenda komanso kudzisamalira. Ngati Zizindikiro sizikuwoneka bwino komanso munthu atha kudzisamalira, ndiye kuti kulumala sikumayikidwa.

Gulu Lachiwiri - limapangidwira kuwonetsera kwa matenda osokoneza bongo, mapapu kapena pathologies olimbitsa.

Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, pokhapokha ngati mavuto ena azaumoyo awonekera, sichizindikiro chakulembera gulu la odwala matenda ashuga.

Zowonongeka ndi zopindulitsa

Akatswiri a Commission amapanga chisankho chabwino pakusankhidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a gulu lachiwiri nthawi zina. Choyamba, uwu ndi m'badwo - ana ndi achinyamata ali ndi vuto (lopanda gulu), mosasamala mtundu wa matenda.

Gululi limaperekedwa chifukwa chophwanya kwambiri masisitimu amthupi oyambitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa shuga. Izi zikuphatikiza:

1. Neuropathy (gawo lachiwiri, pamaso paresi),
2. Matenda aimpso kulephera
3. Encephalopathy
4. Kuchepa Kwambiri kwamawonekedwe owoneka kapena kutayika kwathunthu kwa mashuga.

Ngati wodwala sangathe kugwira ntchito, sangathe kudzipeza yekha, ngati ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, kulumikizidwa kwa gulu lachiwiri ndi komwe.

Aliyense yemwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga amayenera kulandira mankhwala aulere ndi insulin. Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala, ma group omwe amaitanitsa amapatsidwa glucometer, zingwe zoyeserera, ndi ma syringe kwaulere. Kwa anthu olumala gulu lachiwiri, malamulo a shuga ndi osiyana. Chiwerengero cha mikwingwirima yoyesera ndi zidutswa 30 (1 patsiku) ngati chithandizo cha insulin sichofunikira. Ngati insulin yaperekedwa kwa wodwala, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa ma stround amayesa mpaka zidutswa 90 pamwezi. Ndi matenda a shuga a insulin kapena masomphenya otsika mwa anthu olumala a gulu lachiwiri, glucometer imaperekedwa.

Ana odwala matenda ashuga amapatsidwa zonse zofunikira pagulu. Amalandira ufulu wopumula mu sanatorium kamodzi pachaka, pomwe msewu wopita ku mabungwe ndi kumbuyo umalipira kokha ndi boma. Ana olumala salipidwa malo opezekeramo okha, komanso msewu ndi malo okhala wamkulu. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizotheka kupeza mankhwala onse ndi glucometer yofunikira kuthandizira.

Mutha kupeza ndalama ndi mankhwala kuchipatala chilichonse chothandizidwa ndi boma ndi mankhwala. Ngati mankhwala ali ofunikira mwachangu (nthawi zambiri dokotala amayika chizindikiro pafupi ndi mankhwalawa), akhoza kuthandizidwa atapereka mankhwala, koma pasanathe masiku 10 pambuyo pake.

Mankhwala osafunikira amalandiridwa pasanathe mwezi umodzi, ndipo mankhwalawa omwe ali ndi psychotropic - mkati mwa masiku 14 kuchokera pomwe adalandira.

Zolemba Za Kulemala

Ngati pali matenda oopsa obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, ngati munthu akufunika thandizo ndi jakisoni wokhazikika wa insulin, amapatsidwa gulu lachiwiri. Ndiye ndikofunika kudziwa momwe mungapangire zolakwika.

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kukonzekera zikalata zopereka ufulu wolandira gulu. Choyamba, mawu ochokera kwa wodwalayo. Kwa ana ochepera zaka 18, chiganizo chimanenedwanso ndi oyimira milandu.

Kope la pasipotiyo liyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi pulogalamuyi (ya ana, satifiketi yobadwa ndi pepala la pasipoti ya kholo kapena yosamalira). Kuphatikiza apo, kuti mukhale ndi vuto la matenda ashuga, muyenera kutengera zomwe munganene kapena kukhoti.

Kutsimikizira kukhalapo kwa zovulaza ku thanzi, wodwalayo ayenera kupatsanso komitiyi zolemba zonse zotsimikizira mbiri yachipatala, komanso khadi lochokera.

Kuphatikiza apo, satifiketi yamaphunziro ingafunike kuti mupeze chilema. Ngati wodwalayo akungopeza maphunziro, ndikofunikira kuti atenge chikalata m'chipinda chophunzitsira - kufotokoza kwa ntchito yophunzirayo.

Wodwala akagwira ntchito mwalamulo, kuti alembetse gululi ndikofunikira kupereka kope la mgwirizano, komanso buku la ntchito, lotsimikiziridwa ndi wogwira ntchito ku dipatimenti yothandizira. Komanso, dipatimenti iyi iyenera kukonzekera chikalata chofotokozera za mtundu ndi momwe adzagwirire ntchito.

Mukamayang'anidwanso, mumapereka satifiketi yotsimikizira kulemala, ndi chikalata chofotokozera pulogalamu yakukonzanso, momwe njira zomwe zidamalizidwa kale ziyenera kudziwidwa.

Malingaliro a Katswiri Wachipatala

Gulu la olumala odwala matenda ashuga omwe ndimayikidwa pambuyo poti wodwalayo adapeza mayeso angapo omwe akatswiri amafufuza.

Kuyeza kumeneku kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa za momwe wodwalayo alili, komanso kuunika momwe angagwirire ntchito, komanso nthawi yayitali ya chithandizo.

Mapeto omaliza mayeso ataperekedwa pamaziko amitundu zotsatirazi:

• kuwerenga kwamkodzo ndi magazi a hemoglobin, acetone ndi shuga,
• kuyesa kwamankhwala am'maso,
• kuyesa kwa chiwindi
• electrocardiogram
• mayeso ophthalmologic
• kuyesedwa ndi katswiri wa mitsempha kuti awone kuchuluka kwa kusokonezeka kwamanjenje.

Odwala osalephera kupereka mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga amafunika kuunikiridwa ndi dokotala, opaleshoni yopanga matenda a shuga mellitus, phokoso la matenda ashuga komanso zilonda zam'mimba.

Kuti muzindikire nephropathy, yomwe imapatsa chilema matenda a shuga, wodwala ayenera kutenga zitsanzo ku Zimnitsky ndi Reberg.

Ngati zovuta zomwe zalembedwazo zadziwika, akatswiriwo akhoza kupatsa wodwalayo gulu lolumala lolingana ndi kuchuluka kwa zovuta za matendawa.

Zitha kuchitika kuti bungweli silinaone kuti ndilofunika kulemala moyenerera kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Musachite mantha kapena kukhumudwa, chifukwa momwe zinthu zingakhalirebe zokhazikika - chifukwa muyenera kufunsa chisankho. Kuti muchite izi, mkati mwa mwezi wa kalendala (masiku 30) kuchokera pomwe mudalandira kukana, perekani chiganizo chosagwirizana. Mutha kutumiza chikalatachi kudzera m'makalata olembetsedwa, koma ndibwino kuti musamutse kumalo omwe wodwalayo adayeza. Ogwira ntchito ku ITU ayenera kutumiza izi kuofesi yayikulu.

Tsiku lomaliza lolembera zikalata ndi masiku atatu okha. Ngati panthawiyi ogwira ntchito sanatumize ntchito, wodwala ali ndi ufulu wopereka dandaulo. Enanso masiku 30 angafunikire kuti awonenso mlanduwo.

Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo ali ndi ufulu wofufuzanso ndi akatswiri ena. Ngati kukana ziwiri kwalandiridwa, wodwalayo atha kupita kukhothi. Pazomwezi, ndikofunikira kupereka zotsatira zonse za kafukufuku, zolembedwa zotsatsa kuchokera ku ITU. Chigamulo cha khothi sichikukhudzanso apilo.

ITU idzauza za chiyambi cha kanema munkhaniyi.