Zotsatira za kupewa kuchiza matenda ashuga

Pankhani ya mtima wosagwirizana ndi matenda a shuga, zovuta zosafunikira ndi zotsatira zake zimayambika chifukwa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga, zovuta zomwe zimapita patsogolo mthupi. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, zovuta ziyamba kuonekera zaka 5 - 20 matenda atayamba.

Zosokoneza mtima

Mavuto a dongosololi amatha kuchitika mu matenda amitsempha yamagazi, matenda oopsa, etc. Ngati simumayamba chithandizo nthawi, ndiye kuti zovuta zoyipa zimatha - stroko, mtima.

Chifukwa chake, odwala amalangizidwa kuti aziyang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuchepa kwamafuta. Ngati wodwalayo akumupanikiza, ndizokwanira kumuwunika pakumuyang'ana adokotala. Ngati kupanikizika kukuchuluka kapena kuchepa, ndiye kuti kuyenera kuyesedwa pafupipafupi palokha ndi tonometer.

• M'munsi (diastolic) sayenera kupitirira 85 mm RT. st
• Pamwambapa (systolic) sayenera kupitirira 130 mm Hg. Art.

Zotsatira zabwino pakuchulukitsa kwa nkhawa zimachepa kwambiri, komanso kutsika kwamchere mu chakudya (supuni 1). Ngati zitachitika kuti mavuto sanabwerere mwachizolowezi, muyenera kufunsa dokotala yemwe akuyenera kukupatsani mankhwala.

Tengani mankhwala osokoneza bongo sayenera kungokhala ndi kuthinitsidwa kwambiri kapena kutsika, komanso kukakamira kwawokhazikika kuti asakuze!

Zotsatira zoyipa m'maso

Mavuto amawoneka m'maso. Retina makamaka imawonongeka. Poterepa, kufalikira kwamwazi kumasokonezeka m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono a fundus. Mu zaka zochepa zoyambirira, zovuta zomwe sizingadziwike mwanjira iliyonse, izi zikutanthauza chinthu chimodzi chokha: Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba amayenera kukaonana ndi dokotala wowonetsa magazi kamodzi pachaka!
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupenda mosamala ndalama. Kusintha kwa gawo lakumapeto, wodwalayo sangathe kuwona kuchepa kwakukulu kwa masomphenya. Ngati dera loyambira la fundus likuwonongeka, zovuta zake zimathamanga kwambiri, ndipo wodwalayo amayamba kudandaula kuti adayamba kuwona bwino.

Makoma amaso amakhala osalala komanso osakhazikika, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa magazi amathanso kuwonedwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti diso limakhala ndi shuga wambiri. Kutupa kwambiri, mitsempha yatsopano imawoneka yomwe imapereka kutulutsa kwakutali. Ndipo izi zitha kuchititsa kuti retina azitha kutuluka komanso maselo owoneka adzafa.

Ngati zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa wodwala wodwala matenda a shuga azindikiridwa pa nthawi yake, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala, omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yobwezeretsa shuga m'magazi a thupi. Ngati ndi kotheka, laser Photocoagulation imayikidwa - kuwotcha kudzera pamtundu wa magawo osinthika a retina.

Hypoglycemic coma (ngati mankhwala a insulin apezeka)

Coma ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimawonekera pazochitika zamatsenga munthawi inayake. Coma imatha kuyamba kwambiri. Nthawi zina kanthawi kochepa kwambiri koyambirira kamakhala kochepa kwambiri kotero kuti chikomokere chimatha kuchitika nthawi yomweyo - mphindi zingapo ndizokwanira ndipo munthu amayamba kuzindikira, nthawi zina izi zimachitika ndi kufooka kwa malo ofunikira bongo.

Chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti hypoglycemic coma - uku ndi gawo lomaliza la chiwonetsero cha hypoglycemia, limayamba mofulumira kwambiri ndi magazi othamanga. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa mlingo wa insulin pakudya. Coma imayambitsidwa ndimagulu awiri:

• Kuchepetsa shuga mu ubongo - kuphwanya thupi, kusazindikira, kukokana, chikomokere,
• Kusangalatsa kwa njira yomvera chisoni-adrenal - zovuta zingapo za autonomic, vasospasm, kumverera kwovuta, mantha, thukuta, tachycardia, nkhawa.

Zotsatira za matenda a shuga pa impso

Dzina lasayansi ndi "matenda ashuga nephropathy." Impso ndi mtundu wa fayilo yomwe imasiya zinthu zofunika m'thupi, ndikuchotsa zinthu zowopsa komanso zowononga mkodzo kuchokera mthupi. Ndi matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa shuga, omwe sakhazikika nthawi yayitali, kusintha kumachitika m'matumbo, komanso m'matumbo a fundus. Ndi mulingo wabwinobwino wamagazi, fyuluta siyenera kulola mapuloteni kudutsa, monga Izi ndiye zoyenera, ndipo mu mtundu 1 wa shuga, mapuloteni amatha kuwonekera mkodzo. Komanso, munthu sangamve izi konse.

Munthu aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 amamuyenera kupereka mkodzo kamodzi pachaka (kuyezetsa mkodzo)

Matenda a shuga a nephropathy ndiwosavuta kuzindikira koyambirira kwamatenda. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mumkodzo. Ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1, mumawonjezeka pafupipafupi, zomwe zimakhudza impso.

Zotsatira za matenda ashuga m'miyendo

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zovuta za shuga zimatha kuwonedwa ngati kuwononga miyendo, ndiyo miyendo. Pamodzi ndi izi, mitsempha ndi zombo zam'mphepete zimakhudzidwa. Kuwonetsera kwa kusintha kumaphatikizapo kuchepa kwa ululu ndi kutentha kwa miyendo, ndipo izi zimatha kubweretsa kukula kwa vuto la gangrene kapena zilonda zam'mapazi.

Potengera izi, kuvulala pang'ono sikungachitike popanda wodwalayo, chifukwa cha momwe mabakiteriya amalowa m malo ndikuyamba kukula. Ngati palibe chithandizo, kutupa kumayamba ndi zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe zimachiritsa molakwika chifukwa cha matenda a shuga 1. Ndipo ngati chithandizo chotsatira sichikutsatiridwa, ndiye kuti kukula kwa gangrene ndikotheka, ndipo atadulidwa miyendo yowonongeka.

• Maonekedwe akuwotcha
• Kupweteka kwamtundu uliwonse
• Kuchuluka kwamapazi
• Kugwedeza miyendo.

Myocardial infaration wodwala matenda ashuga

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Kuphwanya kwa Myocardial mu shuga ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe lingayambitse kudwala kwa wodwala. Matenda awiriwa omwe akuwonjezera mbali amafunikira chithandizo chachikulu, kutsatira kwambiri malangizo onse a dokotala komanso kupewa moyo wonse.

Kodi vuto la mtima limakula bwanji?

Kodi vuto la mtima ndi chiani? Izi sianthu koma kumwalira kwa myocardium pambuyo pakutha kwodutsa kwa magazi m'chigawo china chake. Kusintha kwa atherosulinotic mu ziwiya zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ziwiya zama mtima, kumapititsa patsogolo vuto la mtima. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amwalira ndi vuto la mtima masiku athu ano ndi chokwera kwambiri ndipo chimakhala pafupifupi 15-20%.

Atherosulinosis ndikuyika mafuta mu khoma lamitsempha, lomwe pamapeto pake limatsekeka kwathunthu kwa lumen ya mtsempha wamagazi, magazi sangayende bwino. Palinso kuthekera kwakuti kungang'ambike chidutswa cha mafuta chopangidwa mchombocho ndi chitukuko cha thrombosis. Njira izi zimadzetsa vuto la mtima. Poterepa, vuto la mtima silimapezeka mu minofu ya mtima. Imatha kukhala kugunda kwamtima kwa bongo, matumbo, ndulu. Ngati njira yoleka kutuluka kwa magazi ikupezeka mu mtima, ndiye kuti tikulankhula za myocardial infarction.

Zina zimatsogolera kukukula kwachilendo kwa atherosulinosis. Mwakutero:

• onenepa kwambiri
• amuna
• ochepa matenda oopsa
• kusuta
• kuphwanya lipid kagayidwe,
• matenda ashuga
• kuwonongeka kwa impso
• chibadwire.

Matenda a mtima

Ngati wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi vuto lochita kusuntha, ndiye kuti kuchita koopsa kuyenera kuyembekezeredwa, zotsatiranso zake zimakhala zazikulu. Chifukwa cha kafukufuku wamikhalidwe yotere, zidapezeka kuti matenda amtima wodwala matenda ashuga amakula zakale kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi matenda a mtima opanda matenda a shuga. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi zina mwanjira ya matenda ashuga.

1. Kuopsa kwa matendawa kumachitika chifukwa choti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, mphamvu zake zowopsa zimayamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa khoma lamkati la ziwiya. Ndipo izi zimatsogolera kukuwonjezereka kwa madera owonongeka a cholesterol plaques.
2. Kunenepa kwambiri Zakudya zopanda vuto kwa nthawi yayitali zimabweretsa matenda oopsa.
3. Matenda oopsa a arterial ndi mnzake wa mtundu wa matenda ashuga 2 komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Izi zimakhudza kugonjetsedwa kwa zombo zazikulu-zowopsa.
4. Mu shuga mellitus, kapangidwe kake ka magazi kamasinthira momwe kamawonjezera mamvekedwe. Izi zimathandizira kwambiri kuyambika kwa myocardial infarction.
5. Kuphwanya Myocardial kudadziwika mu abale apamtima omwe sanali kudwala matenda ashuga.
6. Lipid ndi cholesterol kagayidwe. Chakudya chopatsa thanzi ndichofunika kwambiri.

Wodwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mtima womwe umadziwika kuti ndi wodwala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti makoma ake amakhala opanda pake, kulephera kwa mtima kumayamba.

Kufa kwa vuto la mtima ndi matenda a shuga kumachulukitsidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kagayidwe kachakudya ka thupi ndi kuchira.

Zizindikiro ndi mawonekedwe ake

Mwa anthu opanda mkodzo wa carbohydrate metabolism komanso odwala matenda ashuga, Zizindikiro za myocardial infarction zimatha kusiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, chilichonse chimadalira kutalika kwa matendawa: Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali ya matenda ashuga, zomwe sizimadziwika kawirikawiri za vuto la mtima, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti azindikire matenda.

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha kusokonezeka kwakanthawi kwam'mnyewa wam'mimba - kupweteka pachifuwa - m'mankhwala am'mimba amachotsedwa kapena akhoza kusakhalapo. Izi ndichifukwa choti minyewa yamanjenje imakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndipo izi zimayambitsa kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa kupweteka. Chifukwa cha izi, umunthu umachuluka.

Izi ndizowopsa, chifukwa wodwalayo sangamvere zowawa pang'ono kumanzere, ndipo kuwonongeka kwake kumatha kuonedwa ngati kudumphadumpha kwa shuga.

Kodi munthu wodwala matenda ashuga angadere nkhawa chiyani? Wodwala angazindikire zotsatirazi:

• kupweteka, kumva kupsyinjika kumbuyo kwa sternum,
• dzanja lamanzere lakuthwa kwambiri, kumva kuwawa.
• Kupweteka kwamkaka kumatha kuwoneka kumanzere, kusazindikira bwino,
• kuphwanya kwakukulu, kufooka,
• pali malingaliro osokoneza ntchito ya mtima,
• kupuma movutikira kumachitika
• kufooka, chizungulire chimayamba.

Popeza njira zonse zochiritsira zimasokonekera mu matenda a shuga, kupangika kwa chidziwitso chachikulu cha myocardial infaration kumachitika nthawi zambiri kuposa anthu opanda shuga. Zotsatira za kudwala mtima kumeneku ndizovuta kwambiri.

Mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, pamakhala chiopsezo chachikulu chakuti kulowetsedwa kwa myocardial kudzachitikanso.

Kuti chithandizo cha kulowetsedwa kwa myocardial chikhale bwino, ndi zotsatirapo zosayambitsa, sikofunika kwenikweni kuti magazi akhale ndi shuga. Pokhapokha poyang'anira kuwongolera kwama glucose mokwanira pamatha kuchitika zinthu zabwino.

Njira zothandiza kwambiri zobwezeretsanso magazi pambuyo pa vuto la mtima ndi opaleshoni. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga, popeza chiwopsezo cha zovuta ndi kufa kwa odwalawa ndichokwera kwambiri. Amatembenukira ku angioplasty ndi mtima stenting. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala omwe amasungunuka magazi.

Ngati ndizosatheka kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi, chithandizo cha myocardial infarction chimachepetsedwa kukhala thrombolytic therapy. Amapangidwanso kutenga ma statins, zotumphukira za aspirin, ngati ndi kotheka, mankhwala ochepetsa magazi, mtima glycosides.

Pambuyo pa vuto la mtima ndi matenda ashuga, muyenera kutsatira pulogalamu yovomerezeka ya tebulo 9. Ndilo zakudya izi zomwe zimagwirizana mokwanira ndi zofunikira zamafuta a matenda a mtima. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsatira zakudya izi pafupipafupi, mutha kuyiwala za zovuta zamtima kwanthawi yayitali. Mfundo zofunika kuzidya:

• zakudya ziyenera kukhala zokwanira,
• muyenera kupewa kudya zakudya zamafuta othamanga,
• mafuta a nyama ayenera kusiyanitsidwa
• Chakudya chizigwirizana ndi malamulo okhwima,
• kuwunikira kosalekeza misinkhu ya shuga,
• kuyang'anira cholesterol.

Chakudya choyambira ndicho poyambira chomwe chingayambitse matenda, kuchepetsa mwayi wamavuto amtundu wamtima, kapena, kuwonjezera, zakudya sizikatsatiridwa. Imfa pambuyo vuto la mtima makamaka zimadalira chakudya.

Kupewa

Njira zodzitetezera zithandizira kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa matenda a mtima. Ngati pali matenda ashuga, mfundo yoyamba yoletsa ndiyo kuwunikira kosalekeza ndikusintha kwamisempha yamagazi. Pofuna kupewa zovuta zazikulu monga vuto la mtima, muyenera ku:

• sinthani zakudya zanu “mwamale,” pita patebulo Na. 9,
• sinthani kwambiri, yendani, yendani,
• kusiya kusuta
• thandizani matenda oopsa oopsa,
• imwani zamadzi zambiri
• kuwunika ndikuwongolera cholesterol ndi glucose,
• munthawi yake chithandizo cha matenda oyanjana.

Chithandizo cha kuphwanya m'mimba ndi matenda ashuga ziyenera kuchitika motsatira malangizo a dokotala. Kudziletsa komanso kulandira chithandizo chokwanira kumapewetsa zovuta pambuyo pakukhudzidwa mtima.

Zotsatira zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chonyalanyaza chithandizo cha matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga siangokhala matenda omwe angawononge kwambiri moyo wa munthu.

Ngati simutsatira malangizo a dokotala ndipo simukutsatira njira zotetezera, mavuto akhoza kuchitika omwe angawononge nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha ena a iwo, wodwalayo amatha kukhala wolumala kapena ngakhale kufa ngati madokotala samamuthandiza.

Kodi matenda ashuga amatanthauza chiyani?

Zimayambitsa zovuta

Zotsatira zonse zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga zitha kugawidwa m'mawa, mochedwa komanso nthawi yayitali. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwawo kapena kuchepetsa zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi iwo, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zimatsogolera pakupanga zovuta.

Cholinga chachikulu cha mawonekedwewo chimatha kutchedwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a munthu wodwala matenda ashuga. Mu thupi labwino, zopangidwa ndi kuwola kwake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Koma ndi matenda a shuga, kagayidweko kamasokonezedwa nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chomwe zotsalazo zimadziunjikira m'magazi, zimasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a ziwalo ndi machitidwe. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza ziwiya. Kusuntha kwa magazi kudzera mwa iwo kumalepheretseka, chifukwa chake ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zimasowa michere. Mukakhala ndi shuga, mankhwalawo amawonongeka m'thupi.

Ndi nthawi yayitali ya matendawa, zotengera zimayamba kuchepa ndipo zimayamba kuchepa. Vutoli likukulirakulira chifukwa kusintha kwa pathological kumachitikanso mumaluwa amitsempha. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, lipid metabolism imasokonezedwanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mafuta ambiri ndi cholesterol m'magazi.

Izi zitha kupewedwa kapena kuchepetsedwa pokhapokha ngati mumalandira chithandizo chamankhwala chapamwamba kwambiri, pomwe dokotala amakupatsani njira zonse zofunika, ndipo wodwalayo amatsatira malangizo ake. Ngati kusamalidwa kwachitetezo ndikuphwanyidwa, chiopsezo chotenga matenda oopsa a shuga chikuwonjezeka.

Izi zimachitika pamene wodwala achita izi:

• kuphwanya zakudya
• Kulephera kuyendetsa bwino mayendedwe a shuga,
• kukana kutsatira malangizo oyang'anira shuga,
• kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoyipa, zizolowezi zoopsa (kusuta, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa),
• Kuchepetsa kuyenda ndi zolimbitsa thupi.

Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo onse a katswiri pofuna kupewa kusintha kwa matenda. Musaganize kuti kusintha kwa moyo sikungathe kusintha zomwe zikuchitika.

Kwa abambo, matendawa ndi owopsa kuposa azimayi, chifukwa amakonda kuchita kunenepa. Izi zitha kukulitsa vutolo. Kuphatikiza apo, mwa abambo, zizindikiro za zovuta zimatchulidwa pang'ono kuposa azimayi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa nthawi yovuta.

Phunziro la kanema pazomwe zimayambitsa komanso zizindikiro za matenda ashuga:

Zotsatira za matenda ashuga

Mavuto a matenda a shuga ndi osiyanasiyana. Zina mwazo zimabweretsa chiwopsezo ku thanzi komanso moyo wa wodwalayo.

Nthawi zambiri pakati pawo amatchedwa:

• retinopathy
• nephropathy
• encephalopathy
• angiopathy
• arthropathy,
• matenda ashuga, etc.

Ndikofunika kulingalira ma pathologies awa mwatsatanetsatane kuti athe kuwaletsa kapena kuwona chitukuko munthawi yake.

Retinopathy

Vutoli nthawi zambiri limachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga a 2 apamwamba. Nthawi yochulukirapo imadutsa kuyambira matenda oyamba, pamakhala chiopsezo chotenga retinopathy.

Kupezeka kwake ndi kupita patsogolo kwake ndizotheka pokhapokha ngati malangizo onse a dokotala amawonedwa. Mlingo wamavuto umatsimikizika ndikuvuta kwa shuga.

Kuphwanya kumeneku ndi limodzi mw matenda amaso ndipo kumakhudza retina. Chomwe chimachitika ndi kuchepa kwa zotanuka m'matumbo, zomwe zimayambitsa kukoka m'maso.

Pomwe zikupita patsogolo, zotupa zotere zimakonda kukhala pafupipafupi, edema ndi aneurysms. Zotsatira zake zingakhale kuzungulira kwachinyengo komanso kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya.

Zoopsa kwambiri ndikusinthasintha kwa ma glucose. Amatsogolera pakukula kwa matendawa komanso kukula kwake. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikuyesera kuti isakhalebe mulingo womwewo. Pankhaniyi, matenda atha kuzimiririka.

Nephropathy

Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali ya matenda a shuga a 2. Pankhaniyi, nthawi zambiri imapangidwa popanda zizindikiro zodziwika. Zimakhumudwitsidwa ndi zovuta za metabolic, chifukwa cha zomwe mumakhala mavuto m'mitsempha yamagazi, makamaka yaying'ono.

Kuchuluka kwa sodium ions m'magazi, omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa glucose, kumapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa minyewa yaimpso (tubules ndi aimpso glomeruli). Mtsogolomo, matenda amenewa amayamba kulephera.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nephropathy imamveredwa ngati gulu lonse lazophwanya malamulo. Amalumikizidwa ndi mfundo yodziwika bwino - zovuta zomwe zimabweretsa magazi ku impso.

• pyelonephritis,
• Kapangidwe ka ma deposits mu impso tubules,
• aimpso arteriosclerosis,
• glomerulosulinosis,
• kuwonongeka kwa necrotic a aimpso tubules, etc.

Nephropathy ndi matenda oopsa, chifukwa omwe odwala amapatsidwa gulu lolemala.

Angiopathy

Izi matenda nthawi zambiri amakhala chifukwa cha matenda ashuga a 2. Ndi chitukuko chake, makoma a capillaries amakhala ochepa thupi komanso makoma amitsempha yamagazi amawonongeka.

Matendawa amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: microangiopathy (zovuta zomwe zimakhudza ziwiya zam'maso ndi impso) ndi macroangiopathy (pali zovuta ndi mitsempha ya mtima ndi ziwiya zamiyendo).

Microangiopathy yopita patsogolo imatsogolera matenda a impso.

Popanga macroangiopathy, magawo anayi ndi osiyana:

1. Kupezeka kwa atherosulinosis. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira.
2. Maonekedwe a zowawa poyenda. Nthawi zambiri, kusapeza bwino kumakhazikitsidwa m'munsi mwendo kapena ntchafu.
3. Kulimbitsa ululu m'miyendo. Zitha kuonedwa mukatenga malo oyimirira.
4. Mapangidwe a zilonda zam'mimba. Zovuta zawo ndi zachiwerewere. Wodwala akapanda kuthandizidwa, akhoza kufa.

Pankhani imeneyi, mu shuga mellitus, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyesedwa pafupipafupi kuti tidziwe angiopathy kumayambiriro.

Zotsatira ndi zoyambitsa matenda ashuga

Kwa zaka zambiri osalimbana ndi ma DIABETES?

Mutu wa Bungwe: “Mudzadabwitsidwa kuti kumakhala kovuta motani kuchiritsa matenda a shuga tsiku lililonse.

Mavuto onse komanso zovuta za matenda ashuga zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso zochitika pachimake - ndi zinthu zina, monga lactic acid. Mu thupi lathanzi, zinthu za metabolic zimapangidwa ndipo zimapukusidwa kudzera mu impso. Koma ngati kagayidwe ka munthu kakulephera, "zonyansa" izi zimangokhala m'magazi. Mavuto owopsa a mtundu 1 ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amatha kuyamba m'masiku ochepa, maola, ndipo nthawi zina mphindi.

Matenda aakulu amapezeka mwa iwo omwe akudwala zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Zotsatira izi zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi shuga wamagazi ambiri. Cholinga chawo chachikulu ndikusokonekera kwa mitsempha yamagazi ndikusintha kowawa kwa ulusi wamitsempha m'miyendo. Choyamba, matendawa amakhudza capillaries. Amalowa mkati mwa retina, mafinya a impso, glomeruli, ndi khungu la kumapazi.

Amuna amafunika kukhala osamala kuposa azimayi, ngakhale atakhala onenepa kwambiri. Matenda a shuga mwa amuna nthawi zambiri amagwirizana ndi chibadwidwe. Mbali ina yamatendawa pamatenda olimba - pali zizindikiro zochepa za matendawo, koma zimayamba mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, pazizindikiro zokayikitsa zoyambirira, kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga kuyenera kumwedwa.

Matenda a shuga

Chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa magazi, minyewa yamthupi imasowa michere. Zotsatira zake ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha.

Ngati zotupa zimakhudza miyendo yam'munsi, matenda monga phazi la matenda ashuga amatha. Zomwe ma pathology awa akuwoneka, mutha kudziwa poyang'ana chithunzicho.

Zimayamba ndi kumva kuwawa komanso kumva kuwotcha m'miyendo, koma kenako zizindikiro monga:

• kufooka
• kupweteka kwambiri
• dzanzi
• kuchepa kwa chidwi.

Matenda aliwonse omwe ali ndi izi angayambitse kufalikira kwa microflora ya pathogenic, ndichifukwa chake ziwalo zina nazonso zili pachiwopsezo.

Kukula kwa phazi la matenda ashuga kudutsa magawo atatu:

1. Kupezeka kwa polyneuropathy. Mwanjira imeneyi, mathero amtsempha m'miyendo amawonongeka.
2. Ischemic siteji. Amadziwika ndi vuto la mtima, chifukwa chomwe minofu imasowa zakudya.
3. Gawo losakanizika. Imawerengedwa kuti ndiyo yowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa kupezeka kwake kumakhala ndi zovuta zomwe zimakhala ndi mitsempha komanso magazi. Zotsatira zake, gangrene amatha.

Chochitika chachikulu cha matenda amtunduwu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kwa zaka zosachepera 10. Ayenera kusankha nsapato zapamwamba komanso kupewa kuteteza ming'alu ndi chimanga pamapazi.

Zovuta zazovuta

Matenda a matenda ashuga amakula chifukwa cha hyperglycemia. Mitundu ina ya zovuta za matenda ashuga ndi ketoacidosis, hypoglycemic, "lactic acid" chikomokere. Mavuto amtundu uliwonse amatha kuchitika pawokha komanso akaphatikizana. Zizindikiro ndi zotsatira zake ndi zofanana komanso zoopsa: kuchepa khungu, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa ziwalo.

Ketoacidosis imakonda kupezeka mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, amakhala ovuta kwambiri. Ndikusowa kwa glucose, thupi lilibe mphamvu zokwanira, ndipo limayamba "kuchotsa" m'mafuta. Koma popeza motsutsana ndi maziko a matendawa, kagayidwe sikakonzekere, "zinyalala" zawo zomwe zimapangidwa zimadziunjikira m'magazi. Wodwala amakhala ndi mpweya wa acetone, kufooka kwambiri, kupuma mofulumira.

Hypoglycemia, ndiye kuti, dontho lakuthwa la shuga, limapezekanso m'matenda a mitundu yonse iwiriyi. Zimayambitsa mulingo woyenera wa insulin, mowa wamphamvu, masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso. Vutoli limatha kukula msanga, patangopita mphindi zochepa.

Ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga, anthu azaka zopitilira makumi asanu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi hyperosmolar ndi lactic acid coma. Yoyamba imayambitsa kuchuluka kwa sodium ndi glucose m'magazi. Wodwala sangathe kuthetsa ludzu lake, pafupipafupi komanso mokodza kwambiri. Lachiwiri likuwopseza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima, aimpso komanso chiwindi. Magazi a wodwalayo amatsika kwambiri ndipo kutuluka kwa mkodzo kumayima.

Encephalopathy

Izi zimatchedwa kugonjetsedwa kwa maubongo.

Zimayambitsidwa ndi kupatuka monga:

• hypoxia
• magazi osakwanira,
• kuwonongeka kwa ma cell aubongo.

Zonsezi zimatha kuwonetsedwa mu shuga mellitus, ndichifukwa chake kukhala maso ndikofunikira. Pa gawo loyamba lachitukuko, encephalopathy ndizovuta kudziwa chifukwa palibe zizindikiro. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndizosavomerezeka kudumpha mayeso okonzedwa ndi dokotala ndikukana mayeso.

Matendawa akayamba kupita patsogolo, zizindikilo monga:

• kutopa,
• nkhawa
• kusowa tulo
• kupweteka m'mutu (ndi cholinga chowakulitsa),
• kuganizira kwambiri,
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
• zovuta zamgwirizano.

Mtsogolomo, wodwalayo mwina atha kusokonezeka kukumbukira, kukomoka, kusokonezeka ndizotheka. Popita nthawi, munthu amalephera kudzipezera yekha zosowa zake, amakhala wopanda thandizo komanso kudalira ena. Palinso chiopsezo cha stroke kapena necrosis ya ubongo wa munthu payekha.

Maso: Matenda a shuga a retinopathy

Chimodzi mwazotsatira zowopsa za matenda ashuga (nthawi zambiri amtundu wa 2) ndi myopia ndi khungu. Matenda a shuga amachititsanso tinsalu ting'onoting'ono kwambiri komwe timabaya retina. Zombo zimaphulika, ndipo zotupa m'matumba mwake zimapitilira nthawi. Vuto linanso ndi kufalikira kwa mandala, kapena kuti nganga. Retinopathy ndi myopia zimachitika pafupifupi aliyense amene wakhala akudwala kwa zaka zopitilira 20.

Odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukumbukira kuti retinopathy imayamba pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake, ayenera kuyang'ana masomphenya awo kamodzi pachaka. Dokotala, atayang'anitsitsa fundus, adziwa kuchuluka kwa zomwe matendawa adavutika kale, ndipo apereka chithandizo.

Komabe, ngati myopia ikonzedweratu ndi magalasi, ndiye kuti sikugwirizana ndi shuga!

Mtima ndi kuzungulira kwa dongosolo: angiopathy

Mitsempha yamitsempha yamagazi, kuphatikiza ubongo ndi mtima, itayika, imakhala yoderera komanso pang'ono pang'ono, magazi a wodwalayo amawuka. Minofu yamtima imavutikanso: odwala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi arrhythmia ndi angina. Matenda a Type 2 angayambitse matenda a sitiroko kapena matenda a mtima mchaka chimodzi! Chiwopsezochi chikuwonjezeka mwa amuna ndi akazi achikulire omwe ali onenepa kwambiri komanso odwala omwe amasuta.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda opatsirana. Zotsatira zake nthawi zina zimakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali, koma zimawoneka nthawi yomweyo. Anthu omwe akudwala matendawa amayenera kuwunika magazi awo tsiku lililonse. Pamaso pa matendawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti magazi azithamanga mkati mwa 130/85 mm Hg. Art.

Polyneuropathy: Zizindikiro ndi zotsatira zake

Vutoli limayamba pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri mu kusuta amuna ndi akazi onenepa omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 2. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimayamba kuwoneka usiku. Poyamba, zikuwoneka ngati wodwalayo akuika manja ake m'manja, ndipo matayala amatambasulidwa m'miyendo yake, khungu pansi pawo likugwedezeka ndikuwotcha, ndipo miyendo yake imakhala yoduka. Pang'onopang'ono, chidwi cha zala komanso nthawi yomweyo zimazimiririka. Amasiya kumva kutentha, kuzizira, komanso kukhudza, ndipo ngakhale kupweteka.

Ichi ndi polyneuropathy - kuwonongeka kwa zotumphukira (zazitali) zamkati ndi mathero. Pali kufooka m'manja ndi miyendo. Ena amakhala ndi ululu wowopsa m'maliridwe, kukokana mumisempha ya manja, minofu ya ng'ombe, ndi minofu ya ntchafu.

Kodi phazi la matenda ashuga ndi chiyani?

Chomwe chimayambitsa "phazi la matenda ashuga" ndikuchepa kwamphamvu kwamanjenje komanso kusokonezeka kwa miyendo. Anthu omwe adwala kwa nthawi yayitali, ali ndi zaka 15 - 20, amakakamizidwa kuwopa bala laling'ono phazi: chimanga cholowetsedwa magazi chimatha kusanduka chilonda chotseguka, ndipo kakhalira kakang'ono pach chidendene kumatha kukhala chosafunikira. Matenda oyamba a pakhungu ndi misomali siwonsoopsa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2.

Zilonda zamapazi pamtundu wamtundu wamatenda ndizowopsa osati chifukwa chovuta kuchiritsa. Popita nthawi, gawo la minofu limayamba kufa, zilonda zam'mimba zimachitika. Nthawi zina zimagwera pang'onopang'ono, kenako nthambiyo imadulidwanso. Vutoli limafala kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amasuta. Odwala ayenera kukhala aukhondo, osavala nsapato zolimba, osayenda nsapato.

Matenda a matenda ashuga wamba

Matendawa amasokoneza ntchito ya ziwalo zonse: zina zimakanthidwa "zolunjika", pomwe zina zimakhudzidwa. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi, odwala matenda ashuga amadwala matenda am'mimba, gingivitis, matenda osakhalitsa: mano awo amatupa, mano otupa komanso athanzi amatha. Matumbo am'mimba komanso dera lachiberekero limavutikanso. Mwa amayi, ngati sagwiriridwa, zovuta za matenda ashuga zimatha kukhala padera, kubadwa msanga. Mwa amuna, mtundu wovuta wa matenda umadzetsa kusabala. Kutsika kwa libido kumaonedwa pafupifupi theka la amuna omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2.

Mavuto Oyembekezera

Matenda a shuga amtundu uliwonse amakhala owopsa makamaka kwa amayi apakati. Nthawi zambiri, pambuyo pobadwa, kagayidwe kamaberekanso mwakale, koma mwa amayi onenepa kwambiri, nthenda yachiwiri imayamba.

Ndizowopsa kwa mayi ndi mwana. Mwana amalandira shuga wambiri kudzera mu umbilical chingwe ndi placenta, chifukwa chake zimakhala ndi kulemera kwambiri panthawi yobadwa, ndipo ziwalo zake zamkati sizikhala ndi nthawi yopanga. Zotsatira zazitali za matenda a azimayi ndimakonda kunenepa kwambiri, makamaka anyamata.

Arthropathy

Matendawa amapezeka patatha pafupifupi zaka 5 ndili ndi matenda ashuga. Zimachitika mwa anthu amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana, ngakhale mwa achichepere. Maonekedwe ake ali chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

Vutoli ndi kusokonezeka kwa mafupa, komwe kumachitika chifukwa chosowa mchere wamchere.

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha arthropathy ndi kupweteka kwambiri mukamayenda. Chifukwa cha iwo, zimakhala zovuta kuti wodwala azigwira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. Woopsa milandu, wodwala amasiya kugwira ntchito.

Mwambiri, arthropathy imakhudzana ndi mafupa:

Ndi m'dera lawo komwe kupweteka kwambiri kumachitika. Matendawa amatha kutsagana ndi kutentha thupi, komanso chitukuko cha edema m'malo omwe akhudzidwa. Ndi arthropathy, pali mwayi wa kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi, omwe angayambitse zovuta zina zaumoyo.

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiyani?

Kodi shuga ndi chiyani masiku ano, aliyense amadziwa. Ichi ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa kuphwanya zovuta kagayidwe kachakudya, ie, chakudya. Matendawa amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kosalamulirika kwa shuga wamagazi. Mafuta ochulukirapo amapezekanso mkodzo (wabwinobwino - kulibe). Kukula kwa matendawa kumabweretsa zotsatira zowopsa kapena zowononga moyo. Ziwalo zonse ndi ziwalo zamagulu zimawonongeka, pamakhala chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga chikomokere (hypoglycemic, hyperglycemic). Coma nthawi zambiri imayambitsa imfa.

Ndi matenda a shuga, zovuta zazikulu za metabolic zimachitika m'thupi. Kuzindikira kumakhazikitsidwa pazizindikiro zodziwika komanso mayeso apamwamba olondola a labotale.

Matenda a shuga pamimba - ndi chiyani?

Izi zimayamba mwa amayi omwe m'mbuyomu adalibe kuchuluka kwa glucose m'miyoyo yawo, kwina atatha sabata la 20 la mimba.

Ngati mayi ali ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumadzachulukana mu fetus, ndikusintha kukhala mafuta. Mwa ana otere, kapamba amapanga insulin yambiri kuti agwiritse ntchito shuga kuchokera kwa mayi. Komanso, mwa akhanda, shuga wamagazi amatha kuchepetsedwa. Makanda ali ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kupuma movutikira, komanso mwayi wokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ukuwonjezeka akamakula.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga kwambiri zikuphatikizapo:

• zaka za mkazi zatha 40, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wodwala.
• kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga kwa abale ake,
• osakhala a mtundu woyera,
• mapaundi owonjezera (index yayikulu yam'mimba musanakhale ndi pakati),
• kubadwa kwa mwana wolemera zoposa 4-5 kg ​​kapena kubereka popanda chifukwa chodziwika bwino,
• kusuta

Ngati pali zina zokuthandizani, dokotalayo adzakupatsaninso mayeso ena othandizira. Amayi ambiri oyembekezera safunikira insulin pochiza matenda ashuga.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Zoyambitsa ndi zizindikiro

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa matenda ashuga ndi:

• cholowa
• matenda a autoimmune omwe ma cell a pancreatic amawonongedwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi,
• ma virus omwe amawononga kapamba komanso amayambitsa njira ya autoimmune,
• kakhalidwe
• chakudya.

Komanso zizindikiro za matenda amiseche:

• kuwonjezeka kowonda
• kuchuluka kwa mkodzo,
• ludzu losalekeza
• kuchepa kwa ntchito
• kusowa kwa chakudya.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matenda a shuga

Ngati mayi woyembekezera ali ndi vuto limodzi la matenda osokoneza bongo kapena akaganiziridwa, amayenera kukayezetsa magazi a GTT. Kutengera ndi zotsatira za kusanthula, malingaliro amapezeka pa kukhalapo / kusowa kwa matenda ashuga mwa mayi wamtsogolo.

Choyamba, adotolo amamulembera wodwala mayeso a magazi kuti awone oyambira ndikuwatsimikizira kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga. Kenako aziwunika ngati shuga ali pakati pa malire ake kapena kunja kwa malire ake.

Dokotala amafotokoza njira zotsatirazi:

• zakudya zoyenera ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zoyezera shuga,
• mankhwala a shuga ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, jakisoni wa insulin.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo komanso kupewa

Pokayikira pang'ono za matenda amiseche, kufunsa kwa dokotala ndikofunikira. Popewa kukula kwa matendawa, zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsatiridwa:

• kutsatira zakudya zochepa shuga ndi mafuta,
• kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri
• kuonda
• idyani pafupipafupi komanso pang'ono, kuwonetsetsa kuti nthawi yayitali pakudya,
• tsiku lililonse liyenera kulipidwa, kukhalabe ndi kulemera kokwanira,
• muziyang'anitsitsa mawonekedwe a thupi lake, makamaka mapazi, kuti musaphonye mawonekedwe a mabala ndi matenda.
• osapita opanda nsapato
• Sambani kusamba m'manja tsiku lililonse ndi sopo wa ana, kupukuta pang'onopang'ono ndikutsuka ufa wa talcum kumapazi,
• kumetera kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala, kudula zala mosamala.
• ukhondo mosamala
• kukhalabe yofananira ndi mano ndi pakamwa patsekeke.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Zotsatira za matenda ashuga okhudza kukula kwa fetal

Amadwalanso matenda monga diabetesicopopathy. Nthawi zambiri mwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ana akuluakulu amabadwa omwe ziwalo zawo zimakhazikika kale ndipo sangathe kuchita ntchito zawo. Izi zimabweretsa zovuta izi:

• kupuma
• zamtima
• zamitsempha.

Ana otere amakhala ndi magazi osakwanira m'magazi, omwe amafunika kulowetsedwa kwa shuga kapena njira zina zapadera akangobadwa. M'masiku oyamba, ana amakhala ndi jaundice, matupi awo amachepa ndipo amayamba kuchira pang'onopang'ono. Kutupa kwa pakhungu la nkhope yonse ya thupi, cyanosis ndi kutupa titha kudziwa.

Ngati mayi woyembekezera sanalandire chithandizo choyenera panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, ndiye kutiimfa imawonedwa mu 75% ya milandu yonse. Ndi kuwunika kwapadera, mtengo wake umatsikira mpaka 15%.

Pofuna kupewa zovuta za shuga kwa mwana wosabadwa, kuwunika mosamala kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikofunikira. Malangizo onse a dotolo amayenera kutsatiridwa, kulandira chithandizo cha matendawa ndikudya moyenera.

Mutha kusankha ndi kupangana ndi adokotala pakali pano:

Mbiri yakale

Palibe chidziwitso chodalirika kuti nthawi yomwe anthu adakumana ndi matenda owopsa nthawi yanji. Titha kunena kuti koyambirira komwe kumatchulidwa za matenda ofanana ndi kufotokozera kwa matenda ashuga amachokera m'zaka za zana lachitatu BC. Ochiritsa akale achi Egypt ndi A Greek akale, achi Roma, komanso kum'mawa kwa Aesculapius anali kumudziwa bwino. Mu Europe yakale, adayesanso kufotokozera "matenda a shuga", kufotokoza mtundu wa matendawa, omwe amakhudza anthu am'magulu osiyanasiyana. M'masiku amenewo, sizinali zotheka kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, motero anthu ambiri odwala anali oti afa.

Mawu oti "matenda ashuga" adagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambirira ndi a Arethius (2 century AD), sing'anga waku Roma. Adawonetsa matendawa kuti "mavuto osapilira, omwe amafala makamaka pakati pa amuna, omwe amasungunula mkodzo. Osapikisana nawo amakakamiza kuti asayime, akumva ludzu losatha, moyo wawo ndi wopindulitsa, wafupikitsa. ” M'masiku akale, diagnostics anali ozizira pazizindikiro zakunja.

Mwana kapena wachinyamata akadwala (matenda a shuga 1), amwalira posachedwa. Matendawa atayamba kudwala wachikulire (malinga ndi gulu lamakono - matenda ashuga a 2), mothandizidwa ndi zakudya zapadera, zitsamba zamankhwala, adathandizidwa.

Kafukufuku wowonjezeranso wabweretsa mankhwala pafupi kuti adziwe zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa komanso njira zake zochizira:

• 1776 - Chingerezi. Dr. Dobson adazindikira kuti kukoma kwa mkodzo kuchokera kwa munthu wodwala ndiko chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga mkati mwake. Chifukwa chake, adayamba kutcha shuga "shuga",
• 1796 - kufunikira kwa kusunga zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga, masewera olimbitsa thupi anali oyenera,
• 1841 - madotolo adaphunzira momwe angadziwire glucose wa m'mimba mu mkodzo, komanso m'magazi,

• 1921 - insulin idapangidwa koyamba, yomwe mu 1922 idagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza odwala matenda a shuga mellitus,
• 1956 - anafufuza momwe gulu lapadera la mankhwala omwe amapangitsira thupi kutulutsa insulin,
• 1960 - ikufotokoza kapangidwe ka insulin yaumunthu,
• 1979 - insulin yonse ya anthu yathunthu imapangidwa chifukwa cha mainjini.

Mankhwala apano amakupatsani mwayi wokulitsa moyo ndikuwonjezera ntchito ya odwala matenda ashuga.

Gulu

Shuga mellitus nthawi zambiri amawerengedwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu - insulin-wate (IDDM) komanso osagwirizana ndi insulin-IDDM. Palinso matenda a shuga a gestational ndi pathological zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism.

Kutengera mphamvu ya thupi yopanga insulin, chinsinsi:

• Mtundu woyamba - IDDM. Mtundu wa matenda amtunduwu umalumikizidwa ndi kuperewera kwambiri kwa insulin mthupi. Mapaipi owonongeka (kapamba) sangathe kugwira ntchito zake. Sipanga insulini kwathunthu kapena kuiyambitsa yaying'ono. Zotsatira zake, kusunthika kwapamwamba komanso kusokoneza shuga kumakhala kosatheka. Mutha kudwala muli ana kapena osakwanitsa zaka 30. Odwala nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi kulemera kwambiri. Amakakamizidwa kumwa insulin ya jakisoni.

• Mtundu wachiwiri - NIDDM. Mu mtundu uwu wa matenda ashuga, insulin imapangidwa ndi ma pancreatic cell okwanira kapena kuchuluka kwambiri, komabe, chiwopsezo cha minofu yake chimatayika, "sichingagwire ntchito". Dziwani NIDDM, monga lamulo, mwa akulu, pambuyo pa zaka 30 mpaka 40. Odwala nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda osiyanasiyana onenepa. Jekeseni wa insulin wa insulin kwa odwala nthawi zambiri safunikira mwachangu. Pochiza matenda ashuga oterowo, mitundu ya mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zotsatira zamankhwala zimachepetsa kukana kwa maselo ku insulin kapena kusinthitsa kapamba kuti apange insulin.

Nthawi zina pamakhala chikhalidwe chachiwiri cha kusokonekera kwa glucose, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis, kapamba, chifuwa chachikulu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majini, endocrine matenda, mankhwala ena ndi poizoni amatha kuchita monga zomwe zimayambitsa.

Chithunzithunzi

Matenda a shuga mellitus nthawi zambiri amatsimikiziridwa ndi mwayi panthawi yophunzira labotale. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga zimatha kuchitika pambuyo pake.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga:

• kukodza pafupipafupi, kutulutsa kwamadzi ambiri, kuphatikizapo nthawi yausiku,
• kumangokhala ndi ludzu, munthu sangathe kumukhutitsa,
• chizungulire, kufooka kwambiri, kutopa kwakanthawi, kuyamba kutopa (kumayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa mphamvu yayikulu yamphamvu - glucose),
• khungu louma (chizindikiro cha kuchepa mphamvu kwa madzi m'thupi), kuyanika pakamwa,
• kuyabwa kwa pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba - makamaka pa perineum,
• kuchepa kwa thupi kapena kuchuluka kwake koposa muyeso,
• chilala
• kusakhazikika mtima
• mavuto okhala ndi mawonekedwe owonera - "chifunga, chophimba chamatope" chimawonekera pamaso, kupenyerera kumatha kuchepa,
• dzanzi lakuthwa, kugunda kwa minofu kukokana, kugunda, miyendo chifukwa chakuphwanya magazi,
• kusowa pogonana
• "kumangitsa" pang'onopang'ono (kuchiritsa) kwa mabala, mabala, zotupa pakhungu (furunculosis).

Pali zizindikiro zowonjezera za matenda ashuga. Zowonongeka za makina osiyanasiyana zimawonedwa. Vuto la mtima likhoza kuchitika nthawi zambiri, chiwindi ndi impso zimavutika.

Ngati chithandizo choyenera cha matenda a shuga sichingachitike, maselo a chiwindi amayamba kusintha pang'onopang'ono ndi minyewa yolumikizira (cirrhosis) kapena “kukhala wonenepa” (hepatosis).

Zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa za matenda ashuga zimati zimayambitsa zovuta m'thupi, zimapangitsa munthu kupita kwa dokotala.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda Aakulu

Matenda a shuga sangatenge kachilomboka, koma gawo la chibadwidwe pamavuto amomwe matendawa atsimikiziridwa.

Ngati kholo limodzi lili ndi matenda ashuga, mwayi woti mwana akhale ndi matenda ashuga ndi pafupifupi 30%. Ngati amayi ndi abambo onse akudwala, zoopsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ana awo azikhala ndi matenda a shuga ziwonjezeke mpaka 60%.

Kodi ndimayani omwe amayambitsa matenda ashuga? Choyambitsa matenda a shuga 1 ndikufa kwa maselo opanga ma pancreatic pancreatic insulin chifukwa cha autoimmune pathology, pomwe ma antibodies awo m'maselo awo amapangidwa mthupi ndikuwonongeka. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kapamba amatulutsa insulin, koma osakwanira, motero, chidwi cha minofu yolandirira insulin chimachepa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta, kuphatikiza ma genetic,

• onenepa kwambiri
• pachimake kapena matenda a kapamba (kapamba, ma virus, matenda opatsirana), kuvulala kwake, zotupa,
• kugwedezeka kwamalingaliro
• zaka - pazaka, chiopsezo chodwala chikuwonjezeka
• mimba
• kumwa mankhwala ena.

Zolakwika zamalo owoneka bwino m'zakudya zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa (kumwa kwambiri maswiti, zakudya zokhala ndi carcinogenic, poizoni), uchidakwa. Nicotine amathandizanso kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga mwa kupha thupi nthawi zonse makamaka ndi kapamba. Kuti mudziteteze ku matenda ashuga, muyenera kupewa zizolowezi zoipa.

Matenda a shuga

Matenda a shuga osaphatikizidwa, kuphwanya kosalekeza kwa malingaliro azachipatala, zolakwika za zakudya ndi zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta za matenda osokoneza bongo.

Kuthamanga kwakuthwa m'magazi a shuga kumayambitsa pachimake (hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia) ndi zovuta zovuta (kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, CC system).

Zovuta kwambiri, kuzengereza pakuchotsa zomwe zimatha kupangitsa munthu kufa:

1. Hypoglycemia - kutsika kwa shuga m'munsi 3.3 mmol / L. Zizindikiro zake zoyambirira komanso zazikulu: kumverera kwa njala, kugona, kuwukira kwa tachycardia, kupweteka mutu, kuukira kwa kufooka kwakukulu, kunjenjemera m'thupi komanso thukuta. Kenako, kusawona bwino, kukhuthala kwa khungu, kuwukira mwaukali. Ngati panthawiyi njira zoyenera sizitengedwapo, kuletsa, kusazindikira, kukomoka kumawonekera. Hypoglycemia imatha kuyambitsa: kuchuluka kwa hypoglycemic, kufa ndi njala, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osadziwika, kumwa mowa kwambiri. Wodwala akangolowa insulin koma osadya pambuyo pake, shugayo amatsika kwambiri.
2. Hyperglycemia ndizowonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuposa 5.5-6.7 mmol / L. Zimachitika ngati munthu wodwala matenda a shuga asowa antipyretic, ngati mankhwalawo sanakwane, sanasinthe kwa nthawi yayitali, ngati wodwalayo wavutika kwambiri, ndi zina zambiri. Uku ndikuwopseza moyo.
3. Ketoacidosis imayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matupi a "ketone" m'magazi. Zizindikiro: fungo la "acetone", lomwe limamveka pakamwa pa wodwalayo, kufooka, kupweteka mutu komanso kupweteka pamimba. Khalidwe la kupuma limasintha.

Njira yayitali ya matendawa, mitundu yake yolimba imatsogolera pakukula kwa zovuta kuchokera ku mantha, mtima,, kuwononga miyendo. Nephropathy ndi chotupa cha ziwiya zazing'ono kwambiri za impso. Wodwalayo amamva kupweteka komanso kulemera kwa msana wambiri, ludzu, kufooka, kusadya, nseru, kutupa, kusasangalatsa kwamtondo. Mapuloteni amawonekera mumkodzo wa wodwalayo.

"Matenda a shuga" - kusintha kapangidwe ka minofu kumapazi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga okhalitsa komanso osasinthika. Mabala, ming'alu kapena chimanga chimatha kudzetsa zilonda zam'mimba pamapazi ndi shuga. Chithandizo cha phazi la matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosatheka chifukwa chotupa kwambiri.

Mfundo zoyenera kuchitira odwala matenda ashuga

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga chiyenera kukhala chokwanira. Kusankhidwa kwa njira yothandizirana kumatengera mtundu wamatenda, kuuma kwa njira yake, kupezeka kwa zovuta ndi zina. Kodi ndimatani pochiza matenda ashuga?

Madera akuluakulu ndi:

• Matenda a shuga m'magazi a glucose omwe ali ndi mankhwala ndikusunga momwe angafunire. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, wokhazikika wokhazikika wa kukonzekera kwa insulin amafunikira. Insulin ndi yaifupi komanso yotalikirapo. Ndi endocrinologist wokhayo amene angafotokozere, kuyambira pa zomwe zimachitika mu magazi a wodwalayo, kuopsa kwa zizindikiro. Pamaso pa chithandizo chilichonse, wodwala amayenera kuwerengera shuga, kujambula zotsatira zake, pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera chothandizira - glucometer. M'pofunika kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo a dokotala pokhudzana ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala a insulin. Kodi kuchitira matenda a shuga a 2? Dokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka mankhwala mapiritsi a shuga. Pali mitundu yambiri ya iwo, mu mtundu uliwonse wamankhwala, endocrinologist amasankha mankhwala oyenerera a matenda ashuga.

• Zakudya zoyenera. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi pochiza matenda a shuga 1 amakhala ndi ntchito yothandiza, pomwe mtundu 2 ya shuga ndi yofunika kwambiri. Chakudya chimatha kusintha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati malingaliro azakudya zomwe amadyetsa azakudya nthawi zonse amaphwanya, izi zimabweretsa zotsatira zosayenerera. Zakudya za munthu wodwala matenda ashuga mwachilengedwe zimakhala zosiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika munthu wathanzi. Pali zoletsa zamagetsi zochulukirapo komanso zoyenera. Pasakhale zakudya m'zakudya zomwe zitha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga (maswiti, mafuta a hydrogenated, mowa, chakudya mwachangu ndi zina zotero.). Ntchito ya chakudya kwa odwala omwe ali ndi thupi lochulukirapo sikuti kungolamula kudya zakudya zamagulu, komanso kukhazikika pamiyendo. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amachepetsa thupi amayenera kudya zakudya kuti azichulukitsa thupi.
• Zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi. Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi mokwanira kumathandizira kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi. Mtundu wake ndi kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga kuyenera kuvomerezana ndi adokotala. Makamaka osamala ayenera kukhala odwala omwe amadalira insulin, hypoglycemia sayenera kuloledwa.
• Mankhwala azitsamba (mankhwalawa a shuga mellitus omwe ali ndi zitsamba akuyenera kukambirana ndi dokotala).
• Chithandizo chokwanira cha matenda ophatikizika ndi zovuta (chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a kumapazi, impso, chiwindi, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi zina zotere), kuphatikiza opaleshoni yamiyendo yodwala matenda ashuga yomwe imakhudza zigawo zakuya zamisempha.

Kuwunikira nthawi zonse shuga m'magazi a shuga kumafunika. Kuphatikiza pa kuyeza ndi glucometer, muyenera kuyang'ana shuga mu labotale yamankhwala. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amawerengedwa m'chipatala. Chithandizo chimayikidwa ndi kukonzedwa ndi dokotala yekha.

Chifukwa chake, kodi matenda a shuga angachiritsidwe? Funso ili limafunsidwa ndi munthu aliyense yemwe walandila matenda okhumudwitsa. Tsoka ilo, palibe njira yochiritsiratu matenda ashuga.

Mwa chidwi ndi thanzi lanu, kutsatira malangizo a kuchipatala, masewera olimbitsa thupi, zitsamba, ndi zakudya, mutha kungokhala ndi shuga m'magazi pamlingo woyenera, ndikupewa kukula kwa zovuta zomwe zikuopseza matenda ashuga.

Poyesa kuchira matendawa, odwala amatengera njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizikhalidwe. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi zambiri kuyesayesa koteroko kumatha.

Kodi matenda a shuga amachiritsika ngati opaleshoni ichitidwa - kuphatikizidwa kwa chida chochita kupanga chomwe chidzapangitse kuchuluka kwa insulini? Mankhwala amakono sangatsimikizire kukhazikika kwa mkhalidwe wa wodwala pamenepa, popeza njirayi ili ndi zovuta zake.