Ndi chiwalo chiti chomwe chimatulutsa insulini? Ntchito kapamba, zomwe zimayambitsa malungo

Chizindikiro choti apange ndikulowerera kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta chakudya kuchokera m'mimba kupita ku duodenum. Pofika m'matumbo, chakudyacho chikugulitsidwa kale madzi a m'mimba. Kutalika kwa kayendedwe kamatengera kuchuluka ndi zakudya zomwe zimatengedwa, zimayambira maola 6 mpaka 14.

• insulin
• somatostatin,
• glucagon,
• pancreatic polypeptide,
• VIP (vasoactive matumbo polypeptide).

• ludzu lalikulu
• njala yosalekeza
• masomphenya osalala
• khungu lowuma,
• kukodza pafupipafupi.

• khungu lowuma
• kamwa yowuma
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
• kumangokhala ndi nkhawa
• kumverera kwa ludzu
• kuyabwa m'deralo.

Mutha kukhala ndi chakudya chamasiku onse, osayiwala za zinthu zoletsedwa.

Malangizo. Chifukwa cha Chinsinsi, mchere umachotsedwa mwamphamvu kuchokera ku thupi ndi kusakaniza kwa parsley ndi mkaka, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amchere nthawi zonse pochita.

Kuti abwezeretse kapamba, kuyesetsa kwakukulu ndi kupirira zimafunika, wodwalayo kwa nthawi yayitali amafunika kupatula zomwe amakonda "zoyipa" ndikupita kukonzanso. Koma, tikuwona kuti ngakhale ndi matenda apamwamba a shuga, ntchito ya chiwalo sichimachira.

Cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndikusungabe zakudya zabwino komanso moyo wazaka zonse zatsalira.Chifukwa chake, pakukayikira koyamba kukanika kwa gland, atafunsa uphungu kwa dotolo, ndikofunikira kutenga njira yodziyeretsera komanso kuchira kuti abwezeretse maselo a ziwalo. Matenda a shuga amathanso kupewa, koma osachiritsidwa!

Ntchito yayikulu ya maselo a beta

Kasitomala amapaka chakudya chamafuta, ndipo amatulutsa michere yofunikira yomwe ikukhudzidwa m'mimba. Ntchito yayikulu ya gland ndikusunga chisonyezo chazinthu zofunikira. Zikondwererozi zimaphatikizidwa ndi exocrine, endocrine secretion nthawi yomweyo, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wophatikiza mahomoni m'zinthu zoyenda mozungulira, intestine yaying'ono.

Mlingo wa shuga umayendetsedwa ndi mahomoni. 3% yokha ya voliyumu yonse yathunthu imapanga insulin ndi glucagon. Amatha kuwonjezera shuga ndikutsitsa.

Kufunika kwa endocrine dongosolo lagona pakupanga zinsinsi zofunika kuti kagwiridwe ntchito kake ka chiwindi komwe kamayambitsa gawo logaya chakudya. Ma enzyme omwe amapezeka mumadzimadzimadzi amatha kupatsirana zophatikiza, zomwe zimagawika mu ma enzyme ndipo zimayamwa ndi matumbo. Kapangidwe ka exocrine kamakonzedwa kwambiri, ndipo chimakwirira mpaka 96% ya thunthu.

Chuno cha kapamba chili ndi mawonekedwe. Pakati pa lobules pamakhala mitsempha, mitsempha, njira zomwe zimasonkhanitsa chinsinsi komanso zoyendetsa ku duct yayikulu. Nanga malo omwe insulin imapangidwa amapezeka kuti?

Masiketi a Langerhans ali ndi udindo wothandizira endocrine. Ali ndi mitundu yama cell.

1. A ndi khungu lomwe limatulutsa glucagon.
2. B - kupanga insulin.
3. D ndi somatostatin.
4. G ndi gastrin.
5. Maselo a Pipsa amagwira ntchito yopanga ma pancreatic polypeptides ochepa.

Chiyembekezo chachikulu cha insulin chimapangidwa m'maselo a beta. Kupanga kwa mapangidwe a mahomoni a pancreatic mthupi ndi kosavuta. Hormoni imayamba kupanga popanga kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu amadzimadzi m'thupi. Komanso, zinthu zimapangitsa kuti insulin ipange. Chifukwa chake, chilichonse chomwe chimalowa m'mimba chimathandizira kupangika kwa mahomoni ena.

Pakakhala kuphwanya magwiridwe antchito a chiwalo, ndikusowa kwa mahomoni, wodwalayo amakumana ndi matenda ashuga. Mpaka pano, madokotala ndi asayansi akumvetsa momwe mahomoni amapangidwira kuti azitsogolera njirayi.

Poyamba, chizindikirochi chimasungidwa ndi ma cell a beta, kenako chimatengedwa kupita ku duct network ya zida za Golgi. Pali kukonza kwina. M'mkati mwa zida, zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zisonkhanitse ndikupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana, peptide imachotsedwa. Chifukwa chake, insulin imawonekera.

Kenako imayikidwa m'magulu achinsinsi, komwe imadziunjikira ndikukhalabe mpaka hyperglycemia itachitika. Ngati shuga atakwera, insulin imafunika, ndipo maselo a beta amatulutsa m'magazi.

Glucose, yemwe samatengeka nthawi yomweyo, amamangiriza mamolekyu a glycogen m'chiwindi, minofu, mafuta osaneneka. Thupi limadya zinthuzi ngati chakudya chotsiriza chidakhalako kale, kapena mutatha ntchito yowonjezera.

Glucagon imatenganso gawo pazosinthana, zomwe zimatsogolera ku maselo a chiwindi kuti akapereke glucose kuchokera m'masitolo awo kupita kumalo okhala.

Kodi timadzi tating'onoting'ono timapangidwa bwanji?

Chifukwa chake, ndimaselo ati a pancreatic omwe amapanga insulini? Kuphatikiza kwa mahomoni kumachitika ndi maselo a beta. Amadziwikanso kuti zisumbu za pancreatic kapena zisumbu za Langerhans.

Makina a mapangidwe a mahoni m'thupi ndi osavuta. Zimayamba kupangika mwachangu pamene kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu amadzimadzi akuchuluka. Chakudya chilichonse chomwe chimalowa m'mimba chimayambitsa kuphatikiza kwa mahomoni. Chakudya chimatha kukhala mapuloteni, masamba, mafuta - osati chakudya chokha. Munthu akamadya zolimba, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumawonjezeka. Potengera maziko a njala, imagwera.

Zikondamoyo zimasunthira timadzi m'magazi. Insulin yaumunthu imapereka maselo ndi potaziyamu, shuga, amino acid. Amaperekanso malangizo a kayendetsedwe kazinthu michere m'thupi, imapereka malo osungirako maselo. Pogwira ntchito zamagulu ochulukitsa, insulin imayendetsa kagayidwe kazakudya zamafuta ndi mapuloteni.

Kodi insulin imagwira ntchito bwanji? Zotsatira zake zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma enzymes ambiri omwe amapangidwa m'thupi. Ntchito yayikulu ndikusunga shuga wabwinobwino. Glucose ndi gwero la chakudya cha bongo ndi ziwalo zamkati. Insulin imalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa glucose, chifukwa, mphamvu imatulutsidwa.

Mphamvu ya timadzi timadzi timeneti imatsimikiziridwa ndi mndandanda wotsatira:

1. Imathandizira kuloza glucose mpaka ma cellular, gawo limadziunjikira mumaselo.
2. Kuchulukitsa kwa ziwalo za cell, zomwe zimawapatsa zakudya zofunikira. Molekyu sangathe kuvulaza, imapukusidwa kudzera nembanemba.
3. Zimatenga gawo la chiwindi, chifukwa cha zomwe glycogen imapangidwa.
4. Zimathandizira kupanga mapuloteni, zimathandizira kuchulukana kwawo.
5. Pogwira nawo ntchito yopanga mahomoni okula, limalepheretsa mapangidwe a matupi a ketone, limalepheretsa kuchepa kwa mafuta m'thupi.

Zotsatira za insulin zimafalikira ku zochita zonse za mthupi.

Hormoni ndi chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimatsutsana ndi mahomoni a hyperglycemic, poletsa kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Kodi kuyezedwa kwa insulini kumachitika bwanji?

Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi ma cell apadera (a beta) a kapamba ndipo amathandizira kuti azikhala ndi shuga m'magazi (insulin imachepetsa zomwe zili). Maselo a Beta amapezeka muzilumba za Langerhans, pomwe unyinji wawo umaphatikizana ndi zana la unyinji wa zikondamoyo zonse. Ngati kapamba pazifukwa zina atasiya kutulutsa insulin, munthuyo amathyola kagayidwe kake ka mafuta ndikuyamba kudwala matenda ashuga.

Kodi kuyesedwa kwa insulini kumakhala liti?

Kuyeza kwa insulini kungathandize kudziwa ngati pali vuto la kuphatikizika kwa insulin. Nthawi zambiri, kuwunika kumeneku kumaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda osokoneza bongo, komanso amayi apakati, kuti adziwe ngati mimba ikuchitika bwino.

Kuyesa kwa magazi kwa insulin kumachitika:

• ndi pafupipafupi zizindikiro za hypoglycemia (kuchuluka kwamphamvu, thukuta kwambiri, njala yosaletseka, chizungulire, ndi zina zotere),
• ndi shuga kuti adziwe mtundu wake,
• ndi mtundu 2 wa shuga, kuti muwone ngati wodwala akufunika jakisoni wa insulin,
• ndi zovuta ndi kapamba kuti athe kuyang'anira ntchito yama cell a beta,
• ngati mukukayikira kuti chitetezo cha wodwalayo chimapangitsa insulini,
• mukazindikira chotupa mu kapamba,
• Pambuyo pa opaleshoni yochotsa chotupa cham'mimba kuti chitha kuwongolera mogwirizana ndi zomwe zingachitike pakubwezeretsanso kapena kuchotsa chotupa.

Kusanthula

Poyesa insulin, magazi am'kati amachokera kwa wodwalayo. Kuti kuyezetsa magazi kuti insulini ikhale yodalirika, ndikofunikira kuti musamamwe mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse lisanachitike kuwunikiridwa (ngati wodwalayo amakakamizidwa kumwa mankhwala nthawi zonse, izi ziyenera kukambirana ndi adokotala). Zotsatira zakuwunikiraku zitha kukhala zosadalirika ndikugwiritsa ntchito corticosteroids, kulera kwapakamwa komanso zinthu zina zomwe zimakulitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Asanayambe kuyezetsa insulin, munthu ayenera kusiya kudya maola 12 mayeso asanakwane. Tsiku lisanafike kusanthula kwa insulin, muyenera kusiyira zakudya yokazinga kapena mafuta ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Muyeneranso kupewa kusuta kale maola atatu musanatengere magazi.Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyesedwe ndi insulin mukangofufuza za fluorographic kapena radiographic, ultrasound, physiotherapy kapena rectal.

Pa kusanthula uku, 3-5 ml ya magazi ndi yokwanira. Posankha mulingo wa insulini m'magazi, olemba ntchito anzawo amagwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera zoyesera.

Kodi zotsatira za kusanthula zikuti chiyani?

Mlingo wa insulini umakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi: glucose akangolowa m'magazi (akamadya), kapamba amayamba kupanga insulin ya mahomoni. Hormone iyi, imayambitsa masanjidwe amtundu wa shuga kupita m'maselo a thupi (motsogozedwa ndi insulin, glucose amasinthidwa kukhala glycogen kapena amawotcha thupi kuti apange mafuta acids ngati pali zochulukirapo). Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsika, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin kumacheperanso. Ndi zovuta zina za matenda ndi matenda akulu, kulumikizana uku kumawonongeka.

Kuchuluka kwa insulin m'thupi kumayambitsa zizindikiro za hypoglycemia, chifukwa timadzi timeneti timalepheretsa kuphatikiza kwa glucose pama protein ndi mafuta. Miyezi yokwanira ya insulini ingachitike ndi:

• khansa ya kapamba
• insulinoma
• chifuwa chachikulu,
• lembani matenda ashuga 2
• kumwa mankhwala a hypoglycemic,
• kunenepa
• acromegaly.

Ngati insulini siyipangidwa mokwanira, ndiye kuti shuga ya m'magazi imakwera kwambiri, ndipo maselo ake nthawi yomweyo amakumana ndi vuto la shuga. Kuperewera kwathunthu kwa timadzi timeneti m'magazi kumawonedwa mu mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga, pomwe insulin ikasiya kupangidwa ndi maselo a pancreatic. Ndi kutaya chidwi ndi insulin, matenda amtundu wachiwiri amayamba. Ndikupanga matenda a shuga kumayambiriro koyambirira, kuyezetsa magazi kwa insulin kumathandizira kuzindikira matenda omwe akupanga: mu nkhani iyi, kuchuluka kwa insulini m'mwazi kumapezeka.

Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimakhala m'magazi a insulin m'magazi kwa anthu athanzi omwe ali ndi kulemera kwakuthupi kwamthupi zimatha kukhala zapakati pa 2 mpaka 23 μU / ml (kwa ma labotale osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimatchulidwa ndizosiyana, popeza zimadalira ukadaulo waukadaulo). Koma, popeza kuti mawonekedwewo ndi ochulukirapo, kulowa mwa iye mtengo woyesedwa wa insulin sikutanthauza kuti palibe mavuto azaumoyo.

Zikondamoyo ngati chiwalo chomwe chimapanga insulin

Kodi insulin imapanga chiyani? Zikondazo zimatulutsa insulini. Ndi mahomoni a peptide, omwe amaphatikizapo 51 amino acid.

Mu kapamba pali zotchedwa zisumbu za Langerhans, sizimakhala zokhazokha m'dera lililonse la chiwalo, koma zimapezeka mosiyanasiyana kudutsa ndulu. Insulin imapangidwa ndi ma cell a islet - maselo a beta, moyandikana ndi omwe maselo a alpha amapezeka mu kapamba. Omalizirawa ali ndi udindo wopanga mahomoni ena - glucagon.

Chikhansa, monga thupi lomwe limapanga insulin mthupi la munthu, ndilofunikira kwambiri. Ndi kufa kwa maselo a beta (chiwonongeko), timadzi timeneti timaleka kupanga, ndipo mtundu 1 wa shuga umayamba. Odwala atha kudziwa kuti mapuloteni amenewa ali ndi vuto lililonse. Mu matendawa, anthu amakakamizika kubaya jakisoni, pokhapokha ma metabolism awo obwera m'thupi atha kuwonongeka mthupi lawo ndipo nthenda ya hyperglycemic ikhoza kuchitika - mkhalidwe wowopsa pamene mulingo wa glucose m'magazi ufika kwambiri.

Iron imaleka kupanga mahomoni pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Izi zitha kukhala chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga, kupsinjika kwakukulu, poizoni, kuperewera kwa zakudya, matenda opatsirana, matenda, kuvulala ndi zina zambiri.Pankhani yokhala ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, thupi lomwe limatulutsa insulini limagwira ntchito mokhazikika, ndiye kuti, timadzi timene timapangidwa ndi tinthu timene timakhala ndi zokwanira, koma minyewa yathupi silisamala nayo. Pankhaniyi, odwala ayenera kutsatira zakudya zapadera ndikumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Pankhaniyi, mankhwala a insulin sagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kodi amapanga bwanji kapamba kuti apange insulin? - Funsoli lakhala likudetsa nkhawa madokotala kuyambira nthawi yomwe matenda ashuga amadziwika kuti ndi matenda. Koma, mwatsoka, lero palibe njira zomwe zingathandizire kubwezeretsa maselo a beta, kupatula, inde, kufalikira. Koma kusinthanitsa kwa maselo a tsinde ndikupanga mahomoni ofunikira motero kwa thupi kulibe ambiri. Choyamba, chifukwa chovuta ndi omwe amapereka.

Momwe mungakulitsire kupanga insulin? Izi ndizosatheka, chifukwa thupi la munthu wathanzi limayang'anira payokha kuchuluka kwa timadzi tomwe timafunikira kuti tisungunuke magazi. Ndipo kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa matendawa, kusintha kumeneku kulibe, chifukwa ngakhale insulin yoyambira imapangidwa mosakwanira, ndiko kuti, yomwe thupi limafunikira pakati pa chakudya komanso kugona. Zakudya zamafuta zikafika m'thupi, pamafunikira chakudya cha insulin - kagayidwe kabwino kazachilengedwe. Ngati chiwalochi chimagwira ntchito moyenera, mapuloteni awa amamasulidwa, omwe ali okwanira kuchuluka kwa chakudya cholandiridwa. Pofuna kukonza mkate umodzi, wofanana ndi 10-12 g wa chakudya chamagulu, magawo 1-1.5 amagawidwa. Hormoni iyi imathandizira glucose - gwero lenileni lama mphamvu maselo - kulowa mkati mwake kudzera mwa ziwalo. Popanda izi, njirayi ndiyosatheka, ndipo glucose samalowa m'maselo. Amamva kuti ali ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ndipo sangathe kugwira bwino ntchito, ndipo glucose ochulukitsa amadzipha m'magazi, amafalikira mthupi lonse ndikuwononga ziwalo zonse ndi ziwalo.

Ngati matenda a shuga sakulipilidwa, ndipo ngati pali matenda omwe amadalira insulin, chiphuphu ndiye kuti, choyamba, jakisoni wa panthawiyo wa protein iyi, ndiye kuti shuga yamagazi imafika pamlingo womwe uli wowopsa pamoyo wamunthu. Matendawa amatchedwa hyperglycemic coma ndipo amafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu.

Margarita Pavlovna - Okutobala 17, 2017, 00:37

Ndili ndi matenda a shuga a 2 - osadalira insulin. Mnzake adalangiza kuti achepetse magazi ndi DiabeNot. Ndinalamula kudzera pa intaneti. Adayamba kulandira. Ndimatsata zakudya zosasamala, m'mawa uliwonse ndidayamba kuyenda ma kilomita 2-3 ndikuyenda pansi. M'masabata awiri apitawa, ndazindikira kuchepa kwa shuga m'mamawa m'mawa asanadye chakudya cham'mawa kuyambira 9,3 mpaka 7.1, ndipo dzulo ngakhale mpaka 6.1! Ndikupitiliza njira yodzitetezera. Ndileka zolemba zabwino.

Olga Shpak - 18 Oct 2017, 00:22

Margarita Pavlovna, inenso ndakhala ku Diabenot tsopano. SD 2. Ndilibe nthawi yodya komanso kuyenda, koma sindimagwiritsa ntchito maswiti ndi chakudya, ndimaganiza XE, koma chifukwa cha zaka, shuga akadali wamkulu. Zotsatira zake sizabwino ngati zanu, koma kwa 7.0 shuga sizituluka sabata limodzi. Kodi mumapima shuga ndi glucometer iti? Kodi akukuwonetsani plasma kapena magazi athunthu? Ndikufuna kufananiza zotsatira ndikumwa mankhwalawo.

Danil - Oct 29, 2016 10:09 a.m.

Moni Ndili ndi zaka 16. Ndimakayikira za matenda ashuga. Kodi pali matenda ashuga pano? Ngati ndi choncho, muyenera kuchitira kunyumba? Izi sizinachitikepo kale. Ndinkayamba kupita kuchimbudzi nthawi zambiri, koma sindimva ludzu kuti ndimwe, sindimachepetsa thupi kapena kuvala mafuta, ndilibe pakamwa pouma. Mwina si matenda ashuga?

Vasya - Feb 24, 2016 8:40 pm

Onani pa YouTube: Ukadaulo wa Alexander Mishin vortex mu zamankhwala. Matenda a shuga amathandizidwa.

Eugene - Jan 11, 2016 03: 35 AM

Zakudya ndi zolimbitsa thupi!

Mary - Disembala 12, 2015 4: 28 pm

Khalani pa chakudya chopatsa mphamvu chama protein. Pambuyo pa milungu itatu, shuga kuchokera ku 14 adatsikira ku 6.7

Chiyembekezo - Disembala 28, 2014 3:57 pm

Mwazi wa Magazi 17-19. Kuyabwa kuchokera ku Metformin, Maninil - sikuthandiza! Zoyenera kuchita

Kudziwitsa za insulin m'mwazi: Kodi munthu wathanzi ndi wotani?

Insulin ndi imodzi mwamafuta ofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu. Imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakuperekera kagayidwe. Insulin imathandizira kuyamwa kwa shuga, imakhudzidwa ndi glycogenolysis (kuphwanya glycogen), komanso imathandizira kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni ndi mafuta.

Kuperewera kwa insulini kumabweretsa kukula kwa matenda oopsa - matenda 1 a shuga. Matendawa amakhala ndi zotsatira zowononga thupi lonse la wodwalayo ndipo mu milandu yoopsa kwambiri imatha kutha kuwonongeka, kuwononga magawo, kugunda kwa mtima, kugunda, kulephera kwaimpso, kusabereka, kugona komanso kugona kwina.

Masewera okwanira a insulin m'magazi, nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga a 2. Matendawa alibe owopsa kwa anthu kuposa matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin ndipo amathanso kuyambitsa mavuto akulu ngakhale kufa kwa wodwalayo.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa zomwe insulin ili ndimagazi mwa amuna, akazi ndi ana, komanso zomwe zingayambitse chiwonetsero ichi. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kukumbukira momwe kuyezetsa magazi kwa insulini kumachitikira komanso momwe mungakonzekere mtundu wamtunduwu.

Katundu wa insulin

Aliyense amadziwa kuti insulini ndi timadzi tofunikira kwambiri, koma sikuti aliyense anganene motsimikiza zomwe zimayambitsa. Tiyenera kutsimikizira kuti insulini ilibe fanizo m'thupi la munthu, chifukwa chake, kuphwanya kulikonse pakubisala kwake kumayambitsa kuphwanyidwa kwakukuru mthupi.

Hemeni ya insulin imasungidwa ndi ma pancreatic β-cell, omwe amapezeka muzilumba zomwe zimatchedwa Langerhans. Ma cell a β-cell amakhala ndi zoposa 70% ya chiwalo, ndipo gawo lotsalazo limawerengeredwa ndi α- ndi δ-cell, ndikupanga ma glucagon mahomoni ndi somatostatin.

Kuyambira kale izi zikuwonekeratu kuti insulin ndiyofunika bwanji pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa thupi. Hormoni iyi ndiyofunikira kupatsa mafuta, omwe ndi gwero lalikulu lamphamvu kwa anthu. Insulin yokha ndiyo ingakulitse kuchuluka kwa ma membrane am'm cell ndikuwonetsetsa kulowa kwa glucose m'maselo.

Izi zimathandizira kukhalabe ndi thanzi lamunthu labwino ndikumukhalitsa wamphamvu. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la insulin yopanga amakhala ndi vuto nthawi zonse chifukwa chofooka kwambiri komanso alibe chidwi. Komabe, izi ndizotalikirana ndi malo okha a insulini, mahomoni awa amakhalanso mndandanda wonse wa mikhalidwe inanso yofunika.

Ntchito ya insulin m'thupi la munthu:

1. Insulin imathandizira kuchuluka kwa ma membrane am'mimba, chifukwa chake glucose amalowa mu khungu,
2. Chimalimbikitsa kutsika kwa glucose ku pyruvic acid - gwero lalikulu lamphamvu kwa anthu,
3. Ndimangiriza mamolekyu a glucose palimodzi ndikuwasandutsa glycogen, omwe amadziunjikira m'chiwindi ndi minofu ngati mafuta osungira thupi.
4. Imachepetsa machitidwe a ma enzyme omwe amawononga mafuta ndipo motero amalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta acids ngati magwero amagetsi,
5. Amasintha kuyamwa kwa mapuloteni mwakuthandizira maselo kuyamwa ma amino acid,
6. Mothandizika ndi machulukitsidwe a zimakhala ndi ion ya mchere, makamaka potaziyamu, magnesium ndi phosphorous,
7. Zimaletsa mafuta acids kulowa m'magazi,
8. Zimatenga gawo mu kubwereza kwa DNA, potero kusintha kusinthika kwa minofu,
9. Imakulitsa kaphatikizidwe kazakudya zamapuloteni, kuti izi zisathe,
10. Imalimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe wamafuta acimu m'chiwindi.

Kuyesa kwa magazi kwa insulin

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa insulin m'magulu akuluakulu ndi ana kumatha kuchitidwa m'njira ziwiri - pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso pambuyo ponyamula mafuta. Kuti muzindikire matenda a shuga, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupambane mayeso onsewa, omwe amakupatsani zotsatira zolondola kwambiri komanso kupatula cholakwika chomwe chingachitike.

Mosiyana ndi kuyesa kwa shuga m'magazi komwe kumatha kuchitidwa kunyumba ndi glucometer, kuyesa kwa insulin kumachitika kokha kuchipatala. Zida zopimira insulin sizinapangidwebe, ngakhale chipangizo choyesera chotere chitha kukhala chothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amakonda shuga.

Kuthamanga mayeso a insulin.

Monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, kuyesa mayesowa ndikofunikira pamimba yopanda kanthu. Nthawi yomweyo, maola osachepera 8, ndipo opambana maola onse 12-14, akuyenera kutha pakati pa chakudya chomaliza ndi zitsanzo zamagazi. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite kafukufukuyu m'mawa mutagona usiku, zomwe zingapangitse wodwalayo kupirira mosavuta kukana chakudya.

Kuyankhula zomwe muyenera kuchita kuti muyesedwe bwino ndi insulin, kufunikira kwake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muzindikire matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kutchula kufunikira kwa kudya. Chifukwa chake, maola 24 musanazindikire, muyenera kusiyitsa zakudya zanu zakudya zamafuta onse ndi shuga, komanso musamwe mowa.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuti tithe kudziwa molondola zomwe zili ndi insulin m'magazi, kulimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu komanso zochitika zam'maganizo, kuphatikizapo zabwino, ziyenera kupewedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kusiya kusuta ndudu kwakanthawi.

M'mawa mutatsala phunziroli, saloledwa kudya kapena kumwa zakumwa zilizonse kupatula madzi oyera opanda mpweya. Magazi kuti athe kuwunika pa mulingo wa insulin amatengedwa kuchokera kumunwe, koma nthawi zina, njira yofulumira ya venous imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita mayesowa.

Nthawi zambiri ndi mtundu wamtunduwu wodziwitsa, endocrinologists amalimbikitsa kuti wodwalayo apimidwe ndikuwunika kwa kapamba. Izi zikuwonetsa kutupa kwakukulu ndi ziwalo zowonongeka, zomwe zidatsogolera kuimfa ya β-cell.

Zotsatira zitha kutsika kuposa zomwe zili pamwambapa. Izi ndizabwinobwino, chifukwa posala kudya kwa maola 8, index ya insulin imachepa ndipo imayambira ku 1.9 mpaka 23 mked / l. Mwa ana, insulini nthawi zambiri pamimba yopanda kanthu ili pamlingo wa 2 mpaka 20 mcd / L. Mwa azimayi omwe ali ndiudindo, chizindikiro ichi chimakhala chokwera kwambiri ndipo chikufanana ndi 6-27 mked / l.

Kusanthula ndi glucose katundu.

Kukonzekera mayeserowa kumatsatiranso njira yofananira ndi kafukufuku wakale Izi zikutanthauza kuti musanayesere kulolera glucose, ndizoletsedwa kudya chakudya osachepera maola 8. Muyeneranso kutsatira zina zofunika kuchita zomwe zatchulidwazi.

Poyesedwa, wodwalayo amapatsidwa njira ya shuga ya 75 ml ya akulu ndi 50 ml ya ana aang'ono. Kenako amayembekeza maola awiri ndipo atatulutsa magazi a insulin amatengedwa kuti akawunike. Poyesa kuchuluka kwa insulin, wodwalayo ayenera kukhala wodekha kotheratu - osadandaula komanso asamachite masewera olimbitsa thupi, chifukwa izi zimakhudza kwambiri zotsatira za kusanthula.

Mokulira, kuchuluka kwa insulin pambuyo pakulanda kwa shuga kuyenera kukhala kuyambira 13 mpaka 15 mked / l kwa akulu, kuyambira 16 mpaka 17 mked / l kwa amayi apakati komanso kwa ana a insulin 10 mpaka 11 mked / l.

Koma ngati zotsatira za kusanthula zili zocheperapo kapena zapamwamba, koma nthawi yomweyo osapitirira malire abwinobwino mwa munthu wathanzi, ndiye kuti zotere ziyenera kuonedwa ngati zowopsa.

Zizindikiro za insulin yayikulu komanso yotsika

Zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi insulin yayikulu komanso yotsika ndizofanana kwambiri. Monga mukudziwa, matenda amtundu 1 komanso mtundu 2 wa shuga amakula malinga ndi chithunzi chomwechi, ngakhale ali ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Ndi matenda awa, wodwalayo amadwala kwambiri, koma zizindikilo zake zoyambirira mwina sizingaoneke kwambiri.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti matenda ashuga ndi matenda omwe ayenera kupezeka mwachangu, osadikirira kuti pakhale zovuta zowopsa. Zachidziwikire, zizindikiro zake zazikulu ndizosowa ndikuwonjezera kwa insulini, komanso shuga wambiri wamthupi, chifukwa timadzi timeneti timayambitsa matenda a shuga.

Koma mutha kuyang'ana zomwe zili mu insulin m'magazi okha. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro zina zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Izi zikuphatikiza izi:

• Ludzu lalikulu
• Kukodza kwambiri,
• Kuchepetsa thupi mwadzidzidzi,
• Kuchulukitsa chilakolako
• Kuuma ndi kusenda khungu
• Kuchulukirachulukira
• Kutopa kwambiri
• Mwendo kukokana
• Dzanzi ndi kumva kunjenjemera miyendo,
• Kuchepetsa bala
• Chimfine pafupipafupi
• Cystitis, urethritis ndi candidiasis mwa akazi,
• Kuchepa kochepa mwa amuna,
• Kuchepetsa tsitsi
• Kuwonongeka kwa shuga,
• Matendawa, ma caries,
• Khungu loyenda, pafupipafupi dermatitis.

Kukhalapo kwa zizindikirozi mwa anthu kumatha kuwonetsa kuphwanya kwakukulu mu kapamba ndi kuphwanya kwa insulin. Vutoli limafunika chisamaliro chamankhwala.

Momwe mungakulitsire ndi kutsika insulin

Podziwa zomwe ziyenera kukhala za insulin, odwala ambiri amafunsa kuti: kukweza kapena kutsitsa insulini m'magazi? Izi zitha kuchitika kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera omwe amathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda ashuga.

Kotero mankhwala ochepetsa shuga amathandizanso kuchepetsa kubisalira kwa insulin ya mahomoni ndikuchepetsa kuyika kwake mthupi ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa insulini ayenera kumwedwa tsiku lililonse, zomwe zimachepetsa katundu pa kapamba ndikuletsa kufooka kwake.

Koma ndikofunikira kusankha mankhwala omwe amachititsa chidwi cha minyewa kupita ku insulin ndipo potero amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Palibe chifukwa muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe zotsatira zake zimachulukitsa kupanga insulin.

Amathandizira pokhapokha poyambira matendawa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, amachulukitsa kapamba ndikuwonjezera insulin mthupi kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pakupita nthawi, amatha kupititsanso matenda a shuga.

Ndizosatheka kuyankha funso loti tingachepetse kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi osanenapo kufunikira kotsatira machitidwe othandizira kudya. Pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zochepa zama calorie komanso zakudya zama carb ochepa, wodwalayo amasintha kapamba ndi ndewu yolemera kwambiri - zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2.

Chotsani insulin yochepa mu mtundu 1 wa shuga mwa kubayitsa insulin. Amagwiranso ntchito monga insulin, yomwe imasungidwa m'thupi la munthu ndikuthandizira kuti shuga azikhala bwino.

Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawa sakhala operewera kapena opanda tanthauzo, chifukwa izi zitha kukhala zowopsa pamoyo wa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga. Kukonzekera kwa insulin kumagawidwa nthawi yayitali komanso yochepa, yapakati komanso yayitali. Onsewa ndi mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, okhudza mkhalidwe wake ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wake.

Pankhani ya shuga wodalira insulin, zakudya zokhala ndi index yochepa ya glycemic ziyenera kudyedwa. Zogulitsa zotere sizikhala zovulaza ngakhale kwa wodwala yemwe amatulutsa insulini yochepa kwambiri. Komanso, mukamadya chakudya, sikwabwino kutanthauzira chakudya chamagulu omwe amapezeka mu chakudya.

Mfundo zoyenera kuchita komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi akufotokozedwa mu kanema m'nkhaniyi.

Sonyezani shuga yanu kapena sankhani jenda kuti muyimikize.

Matenda a shuga ndi kapamba

Palibe magawo ofunikira m'thupi la munthu. Kachitidwe ka ziwalo kapena chiwalo chimodzi chaching'ono - mtengo wawo ndi wofanana.

Zitsamba zathanzi ndiye maziko amoyo wopanda mavuto.

Koma tiziwazo timasiyana ndi ziwalo zomwe zili m'gulu labwino komanso ngati mulibe "chikhumbo" chodzithandizira. Kulephera kumayambira m'modzi - ndipo chamoyo chonse chimakhala cholakwika.

Chifukwa chake kusowa kwa pancreatic kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa za matenda ashuga. Ndipo onse chifukwa ndi timadzi tomwe amasiya kupanga.

Timaphunzira zambiri za momwe insulin imabadwira komanso momwe fakiteriya ya "Pancreas" amagwira ntchito.

Chitsulo chokhala ndi zinsinsi

Zikondwererozi zimapezeka m'malo a m'mimba. Ili pakati pamimba, imagwira kwambiri duodenum, ndipo imafikira ku ndulu. Matumbo amapita mozungulira mutu wake, ndikupanga "kavalo". Kuchokera kumbuyo, malowa amatsimikiziridwa ndi I-II lumbar vertebrae.

Anatomy agawa gawo lobedilo m'magawo atatu:

Mwa munthu wamkulu, kutalika kwa kapamba kumayambira 14 mpaka 22 cm, makulidwe ake amakhala pafupifupi 3 cm, ndipo chiwalo chimalemera 70-80 g.

Zosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana zimadutsa mu ndulu ndikuyenda mu duodenum. Mtundu wathanzi ndi imvi.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Ntchito ya procrine

Ntchito yapakhungu ya kapamba ndikupanga ma enzymes omwe amathandizira kugaya chakudya komanso kudzipatula mapuloteni, zakudya ndi mafuta kuchokera pamenepo.

Acini ndi magulu ozungulira (ma 100-150 maikolofoni), ali ndi dipatimenti yachinsinsi (fakitale ya enzyme) ndi chofundira cholowera.

Patsiku lililonse, kapamba amatha kupangira malita awiri a madzi a pancreatic pa liwiro la 4.7 ml pa mphindi.

Chizindikiro cha kudzipatula kwa ma enzymes ndikulandila kuchokera m'mimba kulowa mu duodenum yazinthu zopangidwa ndi madzi a m'mimba. Kupanga kwa madzi a pancreatic kumatheka pambuyo pakatha mphindi 2-3 chakudya chikangoyamba ndipo zimapitilizabe maola 6 mpaka 14.

Kutalika kwake kumatengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chake komanso kuchuluka kwake. Kwambiri acidity ya chakudya yokonzedwa ndi chapamimba, madzi ambiri amapangidwa, omwe amachitika zamchere. Mu duodenum 12, iwo amatenga (alkalize) chimbudzi zinthu.

Zikondazo zimagwira ntchito “mwa dongosolo”, ndiye kuti zimasunga enzyme, yambiri yomwe imafunikira kugaya chakudya chomwe chimatumizidwa kuchokera m'mimba kupita ku duodenum panthawiyo.

Panthawi ya michere yovuta, matumbo aang'ono amatenga gawo lolowa m'malo. Nthawi yomweyo, michere yamoto imapitilirabe kulowerera mu mpweya womwewo, ndipo mafuta ndi mapuloteni amalephera.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Ntchito ya endocrine

Pakati pa acini pali zisumbu za pancreatic za Langerhans - gawo la gland la endocrine. Maselo a insulin omwe amapanga zilumba izi amapanga:

• insulin
• glucagon
• somatostatin
• vasoactive matumbo polypeptide (VIP)
• pancreatic polypeptide

Mu kapamba wa munthu wamkulu, kuli timabwalo pafupifupi 200 miliyoni zikondamoyo.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Matenda a pancreatic

Insulin imapangitsa kuti michere ya plasma ikhale yovomerezeka m'magazi, imalimbikitsa kukhathamiritsa kwake (glycolysis) ndikupanga mphamvu yosungirako - glycogen. Chifukwa cha insulin, thupi limapanga mafuta ambiri ndi mapuloteni ndipo limasokoneza mafuta mwachangu komanso glycogen yomwe yangopangidwa kumene kuchokera ku chakudya.

Nthawi zambiri, insulini imapangidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a m'magazi. Ngati ma cell a pancreatic beta akana kutulutsa insulin, lembani matenda ashuga 1 a mellitus (kuperewera kwenikweni kwa insulin). Matenda a Type 2 a shuga (kuchepa kwa insulin) kumachitika ngati insulini imagwira bwino ntchito minofu.

Hormone iyi imapangidwa ndi ma cell a pancreatic alpha atangopezeka kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi. Zochita zake ndizosemphana ndi insulin.

Glucagon imaphwanya glycogen wophatikizidwa ndikuwonjezera chiwindi kuti chiwonjezeke. Ndipo ziwalo zina ndi magazi, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumawonjezeka mphindi.

Kupanda kukwana kwa glucagon kumayambitsa hypoglycemia.

Horm yomwe imalepheretsa somatotropin (kukula kwa mahomoni).Pali zochitika zasayansi zomwe zikuwonetsa kupititsa patsogolo kupanga kwa somatostatin kuti tilepheretse kukula kwa zotupa zoyipa.

Mu kapamba, mahomoni amachepetsa kupanga insulin ndi glucagon.

Mpaka pano, ntchito yake siyingalembedwe. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti PP ndiyo imayambitsa "kutulutsa" kwa chithokomiro komanso kuwongolera kwa parasympathetic.

Maphunziro a mulingo wa PP amakupatsani mwayi kuti mupeze matenda osiyanasiyana a kapamba.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Kuperewera kwenikweni kwa insulin kapena wachibale, ndiko kuti, kuphwanya kapangidwe kake, kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga (m'magazi) m'magazi mpaka pamlingo wovuta. Ma cell a pancreatic beta ndiwo amachititsa vuto. Kusatha kwawo kumapangitsanso kukula kwa matenda ashuga.

Jakisoni wokhazikika wa insulin amathandizira kulipirira kusowa kwa pancreatic. Pali kutsanzikana kwa njira yachinsinsi.

Mlingo umasiyana malinga ndi zomwe zimachitika kuti kagayidwe kazakudya kagayidwe, chakudya ndi masewera.

Mwa izi, Mlingo wapadera umakhazikitsidwa: 0,5 - 1 unit pa kilogalamu ya misa patsiku. Njira zopitilira patsogolo zothandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga zimatanthawuza kukhazikitsa basal (zochita nthawi yayitali) ndi ma insulin osakhalitsa. Basal imayambitsidwa m'mawa ndi madzulo, itangotha ​​chakudya chilichonse, imanyamula chakudya.

Matenda a shuga sangathe. Asayansi samatsimikizira kuti zitha kubwezeretsanso ntchito yopanga insulin mu kapamba. Chifukwa chake, kupewa matenda ndikothandiza 99% kuposa chithandizo.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Kupewa kwa Matenda a Pancreatic

Mkhalidwe woyamba wa kugwira ntchito koyenera kwa kapamba ndi mtundu wa chakudya.

Mwabwino, tikulimbikitsidwa kupatula 80% ya mafuta a nyama yanthawi zonse. Chimbudzi chawo chimafuna kuti gland igwire mphamvu zake zonse ndikutulutsa michere yambiri. Kuchita kukakamizidwa pafupipafupi kwa madzi a pancreatic kumabweretsa kuti chamba chiziyamba kudzimbidwa. Pali kutupa - kapamba. Amadziwikanso kuti "matenda a zidakwa."

Mowa umachepetsa ziwiya zomwe zimadyetsa kapamba, ndipo zimakwiyitsa kufa kwa maselo opanga ma cell. Ngati pali miyezo yokhazikika ya mowa wambiri wa chiwindi, ndiye kuti kapamba ndizochepa kwambiri kuti akhoza kufananizidwa ndi pakhosi. Makamaka chidwi ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa mwa akazi. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti iwo omwe amateteza kapamba wawo kusiya mowa ndi kusuta (monga njira ya vasoconstrictor) kwathunthu.

Kukhala kosavuta kuti gland itulutse ma enzymes olondola ngati mukuzolowera.

Masewera, mtendere ndi chakudya zimapereka zabwino kwambiri kupewa.

Ndiye kuti, zakudya zingapo zimayenera kudyedwa nthawi iliyonse nthawi imodzi. Njira yabwino ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa chakudya, mapuloteni ndi mafuta osasinthika tsiku lililonse chakudya cham'mawa, nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chamadzulo.

Timasamalira chilichonse chomwe timawona kuti ndi katundu wathu. Yakwana nthawi yowonjezera kakang'ono masentimita 12 mndandanda wazinyumba, magalimoto ndi maakaunti azachuma akunja. Amakhulupirira kuti kapamba wathanzi amakhala wokwera mtengo kuposa ma depositi onse ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Tsopano popeza mukudziwa kufunikira kwake ndi zomwe zimachita, kudzakhala kosavuta kuti mudzisunge kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino.

Momwe mungakulitsire kupanga kwa insulin

Kupanga kwa insulin kumachepa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Zachidziwikire, imayima chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino kwa thupi. Zikondazo zimasiya kugwira ntchito pazifukwa, pali chifukwa chotsimikizika. Chachikulu ndi chizolowezi choyipa, pomwe munthu amakonda kudya mopitirira muyeso, kudya chakudya chokhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri, menyu mumakhala zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri osakanikirana.

Kodi nchifukwa chiyani kapamba samatulutsa insulini? Awa atha kukhala matenda opatsirana komanso osachiritsika, omwe amachititsa kufooka kwa thupi, kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira. Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumakhudzidwa kwambiri:

• kupsinjika
• neurosis
• matenda amitsempha.

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa peptide phula, dziko la hyperglycemic limapangidwa pamene shuga limadziunjikira m'thupi. Panthawi imeneyi, wodwalayo amalandila matenda - 1 mtundu wa matenda ashuga.

M'magazi, mahomoni amatha kuchepa, pomwe kukhathamira kwa glucose sikukula. Izi zikuwonetsa mavuto ndi endocrine kapangidwe ka kapamba, kamene kamafunsidwa ndi endocrinologist.

Pamene Insulin Owonjezera

Zikondazo zikayamba kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, maselo amatulutsa zinthu zochuluka kwambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto azaumoyo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuchulukitsa kwa mahomoni m'thupi.

Kupangidwe kwa kapangidwe ka pancreatic mu insulin yayikulu kumakhazikika pakakhala matenda akulu a chiwindi, a Cushing's pathologists.

Ndizotheka kuti ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu, kukondoweza kwa zopweteka kumachitika, mwachitsanzo, ovary ya polycystic mwa akazi. Chizindikiro cha pancreatic matenda chikuwonjezeka mawonekedwe a mafuta mu peritoneum, kunenepa kwam'mimba kumapangidwa.

Ndiwowonjezera chizindikirocho, mabala, ming'alu, zikanda zimachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti odwala matenda ashuga asawononge khungu. Zingwe zimatha kuchira kwakanthawi, kudwala, mabala amadzaza. Komanso, malingana ndi chiwembuchi, kuwonjezerako chizindikirocho kumayambitsa kuwoneka kwamiyendo chifukwa cha mitsempha ya varicose ndi zotupa za trophic.

Panthawi ya chizindikiritso cha shuga, shuga amatsika pang'ono, wodwalayo amatha kukumana ndi njala, kupuma pafupipafupi, kugunda kwamtima mwachangu, kukomoka.

Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amayang'anira kupezeka kwa shuga, amatenga nawo mbali popanga michere. Ngati pali kusiyana pakati pa chizolowezi, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda omwe amafunika kuthetseratu mwachangu.