Diabetes angioretinopathy a retina: chiwonetsero cha kuwonongeka kowoneka ndi chiyani?

Retinal vascular angiopathy ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga.

Pambuyo pazaka 20 kuchokera ku chiyambi cha matenda ashuga, kusintha kwa ma pathological m'matumbo am'mimba kumawonedwa pafupifupi ndi wodwala aliyense.

Matendawa ndi osachiritsika ndipo amadziwika ndi kupitilira pang'onopang'ono..

Chifukwa chake, kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kudziwidwa kwakanthawi kosintha kwa ndalama kumathandizira kuchedwa koyambika kwa matendawa.

Zomwe zimachitika

Ndi zosavuta kulingalira kuti choyambitsa retinopathy pamenepa ndi matenda a shuga.

Komabe, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimachulukitsa njirayi ndikuzifulumiza:

  • Kusuta
  • Mowa
  • Kulephera kutsatira malangizo azachipatala okhudzana ndi mankhwala,
  • Kusokonezeka kwa mafuta kagayidwe (atherosulinosis),
  • Wopangidwira chibadwa,
  • Pitani ku ophthalmologist zosakwana kamodzi pachaka.

Limagwirira kukula kwa matenda ashuga retinal angiopathy

Makina oyamba. Mu shuga mellitus, shuga wambiri (oposa 5.5 mmol / l) amatsimikizika m'magazi. Zotsatira zake, glucose amayamba kulowa mkati mwa khoma la mtima ndikudziunjikira pa endothelium (wosanjikiza womwe umalowera mkati mwa mtsempha wamagazi).

Popita nthawi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwachulukidwe, zinthu zamafuta a glucose, fructose ndi sorbitol, zomwe zimakopa madzi, zimayamba kuyikiridwa m'matumba.

Zotsatira zake, zombozo zimatupa ndikudwala. Endothelium imakhala yowonongeka ndipo njira zambiri zimachitikira.

Yachiwiri yofunika limagwirira kukula kwa retinal angiopathy - Uku ndiko kugwira ntchito kwa thrombosis, komwe kumayamba chifukwa cha kutupa.

Izi zimachepetsa kuyenda kwa magazi ndikupangitsa kuti magazi azisamba, zomwe zimayambitsa zotupa m'mimba.

Njira izi zimapangitsa mitsempha yamagazi ndikuchepetsa kuyenda kwa magazi. Retina samalandira michere yokwanira.

Pali njala ya oxygen, yomwe imawonongeranso endothelium ndikuwonjezera edema.

Mitundu ya Angiopathy

Zizindikiro chimodzi cha matendawo chimawonetsedwa mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo pafupifupi zaka zitatu atazindikira. Ndipo patatha zaka 20, amawawonedwa pafupifupi onse odwala mpaka pamlingo wina kapena wina. Malinga ndi matendawa, imagawidwa motere:

  • Benign (akukula pang'onopang'ono),
  • Zoyipa (zikuyenda mwachangu).

Malinga ndi chikhalidwe ndi zamankhwala, matendawa amagawidwa m'mitundu mitundu:

  • Preangioretinopathy. Ili ndiye gawo loyambirira la matenda, lomwe limadziwika ndi kufalikira kwamitsempha yam'mimba. Nthawi yomweyo, m'mimba mwake mumayikidwa ma 2 kapena 3 mulifupi wamitsempha yama mitsempha (kawirikawiri chiwerengerochi sichikhala choposa 1.5). Potere, mavuto amawonedwe samawonedwa,
  • Zosavuta za matenda ashuga angioretinopathy. Pakadali pano, zosintha za fundus zimachitika. Mitsempha yam'mimba imakulirakulira ndikukula, ma hemorrhages ndi ma micaneurysms amawoneka. Pankhaniyi, zithunzi zowoneka zimangolimbitsa thupi masana, ndipo mawonekedwe amtunduwo amakhala osalongosoka.
  • Kuchulukitsa. Kuchuluka kwamakoko ndi ma aneurysms, zofewa komanso zolimba, komanso kupweteka kwa edema ndizofala mu retina. Visithi acuity ndiosowa
  • Kuchulukitsa. Amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ziwiya zam'mimbamo, zotupa za mtima, kukhathamiritsa kwamphamvu ndi khinya. Pali zomata pakati pa retina ndi vitreous. Pankhaniyi, kuwona kwa wodwala kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, khungu limatha.

Zizindikiro ndi matendawo

Chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chimayendera kukaonana ndi ophthalmologist ndi kuchepa kwamawonedwe.

Wodwalayo amadandaula kuti sangathe kuwona zinthu zazing'ono patali. Metamorphopsies amawoneka pang'onopang'ono - kupotoza kolakwika kwa zinthu.

Ngati matendawa adakhudzidwa ndi kukoka kwa magazi kulowa mu vitreous patity, ndiye kuti mabwalo oyenda kapena mdima akuwoneka m'munda wamasomphenya. Popita nthawi, mawanga amachoka, koma masomphenya samabwezeretseka.

Ngati simukuonana ndi dokotala munthawi yake, kudzikundikira kumachitika pakati pa retina ndi thupi lanyama, komwe kungayambitse kukokana kwa retinal.

Nthawi zina, angiopathy imayendera limodzi ndi edema ya retinal, ndipo zimawoneka ngati munthu akuyang'ana chophimba chakumaso.

Matenda a matenda ashuga retinal angiopathy

Diagnosis ya diabetesic retinal angiopathy nthawi zambiri imakhala yolunjika ndipo imachokera pa mbiri ya matendawa (ndiko kuti, kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga mwa munthu), komanso paziwonetsero za maphunziro othandizira:

  • Achimedia,
  • Ophthalmoscopy
  • Biomicroscopy wa Iris, conjunctiva ndi retina.

Dokotala wamaso amatha kudziwa malo a vasoconstriction, zotupa zotupa ndi zina mwanjira ya angiopathy.

Komanso odwala ena amawonetsa kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe amtundu, kuphwanya masinthidwe amdima ndi kutengeka kosiyanitsa.

Chithandizo cha retinal Diabetesic Angiopathy

Maziko a chithandizo cha retinal angiopathy ndikukonzanso kwa shuga mellitus ndikubweretsa glucose wamagazi pamilingo yokhazikika (3.5 - 5.5 mmol / l). Kukonzanso shuga pafupipafupi pamlingo uwu kumakupatsani mwayi wopewa kuthana ndi zovuta kwanthawi yayitali.

Zokhudza mankhwalawa a retinal angiopathy, ndi chizindikiro. Ntchito mankhwala omwe amateteza khoma lamitsempha, komanso mankhwala omwe ali ndi antioxidant komanso omwe amabwezera m'mbuyo: trental, actovegin, solcoseryl, divaskan, emoxipin ndi ena.

Opaleshoni

Pamaso pa okhwima kwambiri osakhazikika othandizira odwala matenda ashuga, kupindika kwa laser kumachitika pofuna kupewa kuwona.

Kuchita opareshoni kumachitika kwa mphindi 20 pansi pa opaleshoni yakumaso. Magalasi amaikidwira pamaso owawa, omwe amalola kuyang'ana kwambiri cheza pa fundus.

Chomwe chimagwiridwira ntchito ndikuti retina imalumikizidwa ndi zimakhala kuti apange zomata zomata zomwe sizimalola kuti ziwoneke.

Mu gawo loyambirira la matendawa, kusokonekera kwa laser sikothandiza. Pofuna kuthandiza wodwalayo kuti azioneka, ndi umboni wake.

Imeneyi ndi njira yochita opaleshoni yomwe thupi lamphamvu kwambiri limachotsedwa pang'ono kapena kuchotsedwa kwathunthu, ndipo limakhala ndi zipsera, magazi kapena minyewa yomwe imayambitsa kusagwirizana.

Vitreous yochotsedwa imasinthidwa ndi ma polima owumba ndi saline. Zinthu izi, zitakula, ndikulimbitsa diso la diso kuti liziwoneka bwino. Izi zimalepheretsa kuwoneka kwa mitsempha yatsopano komanso kuchuluka kwa magazi m'mitsempha.

Zakudya za matenda

Chakudya chamafuta anayi chikulimbikitsidwa, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pasakhale kusinthasintha kwakuthwa kwa glucose tsiku lonse. Kwa wodwala aliyense, kufunika kwamafuta, chakudya chamagulu ndi mapuloteni amasaina payekha.

Chakudya chimayenera kukhala chopindika, osachepera 5 pa tsiku. Kumva njala kapena kudya kwambiri osaloledwa. Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta chimbudzi:

  • Sahara
  • Zinthu zophika buledi
  • Maswiti
  • Wokondedwa
  • Zipatso zokhala ndi shuga wambiri (mphesa, nthochi).

Malamulo a Zopatsa Thanzi:

  • Nyama zamafuta, monga nkhumba kapena mwanawankhosa, zimasowa m'malo ndi nkhuku, nkhukundembo, kalulu, kwinaku mukuziphika popanda khungu ndi mafuta,
  • Zakudya zokazinga, nyama zosuta, ma pickles sayenera kuperekedwa kuchakudya. Chakudya chawotchi kapena chophika chikuyenera kupezeka
  • Muyenera kuwonjezera kudya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba munjira yaiwisi,
  • Pofuna kukonza njira yogaya mafuta, zonunkhira ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku chakudya (kusiyapo ndi tsabola wotentha),
  • Chocolate ndi maswiti ayenera m'malo ndi pastille, marshmallows, marmalade.

Matenda a shuga a retin angiopathy mwa ana

Matenda a shuga angiopathy amatenga ana kumapeto kwa matendawo. Ngati simukuyambitsa ndondomekoyi ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo panthawi, ndiye kuti matendawa amatha kupewedwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Sizotheka kuthana ndi matendawa kwathunthu, chifukwa ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Pa kuyesedwa, kukoka ndi kufalikira kwa mitsempha, komanso zotupa zazing'ono ndi zotupa za retinal, zimawonedwa. Zizindikiro za matendawa:

  • Kuchulukitsa kwamaonedwe kwa mwana kumachepera, nthawi zina kumatha kutayika kwathunthu,
  • Masomphenya otumphukira ndi operewera
  • Zofooka zowoneka zimawoneka, zomwe zimawoneka ngati banga kapena mphezi pamaso pa maso.

Njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ana:

  • Lemberani mankhwala omwe amathandizira kusintha kwa magazi m'magazi am'maso, monga Solcoseryl, Actovegin ndi mavitamini,
  • Njira zolimbitsa thupi
  • Reflexology
  • Mtundu mankhwala
  • Magnetic mankhwala.

Ngati m'modzi wa makolo ali ndi matenda obadwa nawo a shuga, ndiye kuti kuyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga mwa mwana ndikofunikira.

Kupewa

Ndikosatheka kupeweratu angiopathy ndi matenda ashuga, koma ndi malingaliro otsatirawa, matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono:

  • Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi ndikupewa kupsinjika m'maganizo.
  • Muyenera kutsatira zakudya ndikutsatira zakudya zochepa mchere, mapuloteni ndi zakudya,
  • Kuyenda mtunda wautali ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi amalimbikitsidwa.
  • Ndikofunika kusiya zizolowezi zoipa,
  • Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri amafunika kuthandizira kwambiri matendaŵa, chifukwa amachititsa kuti matenda a angiopathy apite patsogolo,
  • Ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro onse a dotolo ndikumwa mankhwala omwe mumalandira, mumayezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikuwusunga.

Kodi njira yowonjezera retinopathy ndi yotani?

Matenda a shuga angioretinopathy amayamba ndi mawonekedwe ochulukirachulukira, pakakhala kuchuluka kwamphamvu yamagazi. Mutha kuganiza kuti palibe cholakwika ndi njirayi, kumverera koyamba kosasangalatsa kumawonedwa panthawi yomwe kuwongolera kukula kwamitsempha yamagazi kwatayika kwathunthu.

Zotsatira zake, zombo zazing'ono zimawonekera m'malo omwe siziyenera kukhalapo. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'chipinda cham'maso chakumaso, komwe glaucoma imayamba.

Mitsempha yatsopano imawonongeka msanga ndipo siyimasiyana mphamvu, kutulutsa magazi kumayambira m'maso, retina ndi vitreous zowonongeka, magazi amalowa m'maso amaso.

Chifukwa chovutitsidwa pafupipafupi, amodzi mwa zovuta amachitika, kutengera kuopsa kwa vutolo:

  1. kutayika kwakanthawi
  2. khungu.

Kuwala kwa dzuwa sikungadutse kudzera mu kukula kwa magazi omwe amaphimba retina. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chonse cha kutayika kwa kuwona.

Pamalo pomwe minofu yambiri imasonkhana, kukhazikika kwa retina kumachitika. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti vitreous imakoka pa retina, ndikusunthira kutali ndi malo ampikisano, imaphwanya kulumikizana ndi malekezero amitsempha. The retina pa kufalikira amataya magazi, pali imfa yathunthu kapena pang'ono mbali ya zimakhala.

Pakukula kopitilira muyeso, kutha kwa masanjidwe ndi nkhani ya nthawi, ndikofunikira kukonzekera kukonzanso thanzi labwinobwino. Kupanda kutero, khungu lopita patsogolo silingapeweke.

Nonproliferative retinopathy m'maso onse

Ngati ndi matenda a shuga a mellitus sikutheka kuwongolera zizindikiro zam'magazi, kusintha kwa m'magazi kumachitika pang'onopang'ono pamakoma a mitsempha yamagazi yamaso. Sitimazo zimasanduka zolemera, zowonda. Microscopic aneurysms pang'onopang'ono imayamba, pomwepo ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kukula kwa makoma olimbitsa.

Ndi kukula kwa micaneurysms, kutuluka kwa magazi, kuchuluka kwa zotupa, ndipamenenso kowonekera kwamunthu. Koma panthawiyi, kutulutsa magazi pakadali pano sikungatchulidwe kukhala zizindikiritso zamunthu. Nthawi zina amafanizidwa ndi madontho ochepa kapena mikwingwirima yaying'ono.

Makoma anu olimba sangakhale oteteza maso, sangathe kuthana ndi vuto lotchinga. Chifukwa chake, lipids imalowa mu retina, kukhazikika mwa iwo, ndikupanga exudate yolimba. Munthu wodwala matenda a shuga akadakulabe ndi cholesterol yamagazi, izi zimachulukirachulukira.

Ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga awonetsetsa thanzi lake, amayang'anira cholesterol ndikuisunga m'njira yabwino, kusintha kotereku kudzatha.

A shuga Angioretinopathy

Matenda a shuga angioretinopathy ndi mtundu wowopsa kwambiri wamaso, kuperewera kwa nthawi yayitali kwa magazi ku retina kumayambitsa kuperewera kwa mpweya. Zotsatira zake, hypoxia imawonedwa, zomwe zimayambitsa khungu.

Pathology imayamba pang'onopang'ono patadutsa zaka khumi atazindikira matenda a shuga, kutengera mtundu wa hyperglycemia (mtundu 1 kapena mtundu 2 wa shuga), zizindikiritso ndi mawonekedwe a angioretinopathy amapangidwa.

Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, dokotala amatha kuwona zotuluka, zotupa, ma micaneurysms. Kuti adziwe matendawa, dokotalayo ayenera kupenda mkhalidwe wa mawonekedwe. Zizindikiro ndi ma micaneurysms, mitsempha ya varicose, kukula kwake kosagwirizana ndi mitsempha yamagazi ya CHIKWANGWANI.

Poyerekeza ndi matenda ashuga, magawo awiri a matenda amapezeka:

Ndi mtundu wowonjezereka, mawonekedwe owoneka amayamba kuwonongeka. Pofuna kukhazikitsa kukula kwa matendawa munthawi yake, ndikofunikira kuti mankhwalawo azikhala ndi matenda ashuga.

Kuthandiza mokwanira mankhwala a metabolic amathandizira kuti muchepetse khungu.

Zizindikiro za Matenda a shuga a retinopathy

Retinopathy imayamba popanda chizindikiro, gawo loyambirira ndi la anthu odwala matenda ashuga popanda zizindikiro zowonekera. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti wodwalayo mwina sangazindikire momwe masomphenya ake amagwera. Koma nthawi yomweyo, njirayi ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa mwamphamvu.

Chizindikiro choyamba choopsa chidzakhala chophimba pamaso pa maso, chimaphimba maso, kupweteka kwamaso chifukwa cha kukoka mkati mwa diso. Pambuyo pake, odwala amakhala ndi mabwalo amdima oyandama, patapita kanthawi amatha kuzimiririka okha.

Kuphatikiza pa chophimba ndi zozungulira, mavuto amadziwika mukamawerenga zosindikiza zazing'ono, ndikugwira ntchito ndi zinthu zazing'ono pamtunda waung'ono kuchokera kumaso. Izi zitha kukhala za payekha payekha, sizowonedwa ponseponse.

Chifukwa chake, palibe chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha retinopathy mu shuga mellitus, chinthu chokha chomwe chilipo ndikuwonongeka kwakanthawi pamlingo wamawonedwe.

Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, kutulutsa kwakutali, kuwonongeka kowonekera kumaonekera bwino komanso kusiyanasiyana.

Mankhwala ochizira matenda a maso

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga angioretinopathy amafunikira chithandizo, chomwe chimadalira kuchuluka kwa matenda oyamba. Mankhwala pa gawo limodzi la matendawa ndi othandiza, koma pazinthu zina alibe phindu lililonse. Pazifukwa izi, njira yonse ya chithandizo iyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi dokotala.

Patulani njira zosiyanasiyana zomera ndi mankhwala. Pamaziko a vitamini B, mankhwala a Neurovitan amapangidwa, kugwiritsidwa ntchito sikupereka mawonekedwe osafunikira a thupi, chida ndichabwino kwambiri komanso chopanda vuto. Analogue adzakhala mankhwala a Vitrum Vision Forte.

Mankhwala ena a Ginkgo Biloba, mankhwalawa amapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a makapisozi, omwe amatengedwa, monga mavitamini a mavitamini - zidutswa ziwiri patsiku. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zenizeni, muyenera kumwa mankhwalawa mosalekeza kwa mwezi umodzi.

Ndibwino kuti mupeze mankhwala a retinalamin ngati muli ndi vuto la maso ndi matenda a shuga, zimathandizira kukwaniritsa zoyenera za matendawa kuyambira pachiyambi chake. Mankhwala:

  • imalimbikitsa minofu yotsalira,
  • amachepetsa kutupa.

Chizindikiro cha mankhwalawa ndiko kukhazikitsa kwake mwachindunji mu eyelid, yomwe kale imadzipaka ndi madzi a jekeseni.

Kupititsa patsogolo kufalikira kwa magazi, zakudya zama minofu, kusintha njira zama metabolic, vazomag imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mankhwala amachedwetsa kuwonetsa kwa matenda.

Makapisozi a zotsatira zabwino pa retina ndi capillaries ndi Troxevasin, Venoruton. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, gawo loyamba la matenda a maso limachiritsidwa.

Madontho othandiza kwambiri am'maso ndi a Emoxipin, amadzimadzi amakhala ndi ma ampoules, pomwe amasonkhanitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito syringe, yomwe imayang'anitsidwa mwachindunji m'maso. Mwambiri, mankhwalawa amapaka jekeseni, koma izi zimachitika ndi ogwira ntchito kuchipatala kuchipatala.

M`pofunika kukoka 4 pa tsiku 2 madontho, kutalika kwa mankhwala 2 miyezi.

Kodi kuchitira matenda ashuga amaso ndi wowerengeka azitsamba?

Kuphatikiza pazithandizo zachikhalidwe za angioretinopathy, maphikidwe ena amakhalanso oyenera. Nettle yadzitsimikizira yokha, yomwe ndiyo masamba ake atsopano. Madzi amakonzedwa kuchokera ku chomera, tsiku lililonse amamwa kapu imodzi ngati iyi.

Masamba a nettle amatha kuwonjezeredwa ku saladi zamasamba, sopo wophika ndi zina zofunika mbale kuchokera ku nettle. Ngati sizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito masamba atsopano a nettle, masamba owuma akhoza kugulidwa m'malo mwake. Koma simungagwiritse ntchito molakwika chomera, apo ayi thupi lingayankhe kuti lisalandire chithandizo.

Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito chomera monga aloe. Ndibwino chifukwa mbewuyo imamera pawindo popanda mavuto. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuti chitsamba cha aloe chikuyenera kukhala ndi zaka zitatu. Tengani ma shiti akulu kwambiri, odula ndi mpeni, sambani pansi pamadzi, kenako ndikulunga mu nyuzipepala ndikuchoka mufiriji kwa masiku 12.

Pambuyo pake:

  1. Mapepala amaphwanyidwa pogwiritsa ntchito blender,
  2. Finyani madziwo
  3. wiritsani kwa mphindi ziwiri mumadzi osamba.

Chida chotere sichitha kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali, gawo lililonse lililonse limagwiritsidwa ntchito mukangokonzekera. Ndikokwanira kumwa supuni katatu patsiku theka la ola musanadye. Ngati dokotala samaletsa, madzi a aloe amawokeredwa m'maso asanagone, madontho awiri awiri mokwanira aliyense ndi okwanira.

Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito mungu, iwo amagula ku pharmacy, chifukwa simungathe kudzipeza nokha. Mankhwala okhathamiritsa amakonzedwa kuchokera ku malonda, amatengedwa katatu patsiku. Kutumizira kumodzi ndi supuni yayitali.

Cholepheretsa chachikulu ndicho kupezeka kwa vuto lomwe siligwirizana ndi matenda ashuga, momwe mungu umatha kutengedwa. Ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo sakudziwa za chifuwa, muyenera kumwa chakumwa china kwa masiku angapo ndikuyang'anira momwe mukukhala bwino. Pakuwonetsedwa kwa zizindikiro zazing'ono kwambiri zamkati, mungu umachotsedwa.

Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa odwala matenda amisempha mothandizidwa ndi tincture wa calendula:

  • Supuni zitatu za maluwa zimatsanulira 500 ml ya madzi otentha,
  • kunena 3 maola.

Ikakonzeka, chinthucho chimasefa, chimatengedwa 4 pa tsiku. Zimatanthawuza kuti ndasambitsidwa ndi maso.

Tincture wa Blueberry amathandiza kuchotsa zotupa m'maso ndi zovuta, zipatso zatsopano zimayenera kuthiridwa ndi kapu yamadzi otentha. Pambuyo pa ola limodzi, mankhwalawa amatengedwa pakamwa, amathandizanso kupewa retinopathy.

Mu gawo loyamba la angioretinopathy, madzi aononberry akuwonetsedwa. Zipatso zimaphwanyika mu blender, zimatsanulidwa ndi madzi pang'ono. Mwambiri, ma lingonberry okhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ndi othandiza ngakhale munjira yawo yaiwisi.

Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kuzindikira yankho lina lothandiza popewa kuwonongeka kwa maso ndi matenda a shuga, uwu ndi msonkhano wachilimwe. Mankhwala, ndikofunikira kutenga muzu wa burdock, bearberry, masamba a birch, msondodzi, timbewu tonunkhira, masamba a nyemba, udzu wachinyamata wa mbalame zokwera, masamba akuluakulu a mtedza. Zosakaniza zonse zimatengedwa chimodzimodzi, zoponderezedwa, zosakanizidwa. Supuni ya chopereka imathiridwa ndi magalasi awiri amadzi otentha, ndikuumirizidwa, kusefedwa ndikutsitsidwa mu theka lagalasi mphindi 30 asanadye. Kutalika kwa mankhwalawa ndi miyezi itatu, munthawi yamankhwala saloledwa kupuma.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga zomwe zingachitike mwa ziwalo zamasomphenya zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

Kusiya Ndemanga Yanu