Muyezo wa cholesterol yamagazi mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 40-50

Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol kwamthupi mwa amuna ndi komwe kumayambitsa matenda a mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, komanso kuchepa kwa potency. Mwa kusungabe kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi mulibwinobwino, osapitirira mtengo wolingana pagome pofika zaka, ndizotheka kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mtima ischemia ndi atherosclerosis, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa moyo.

Katundu ndi udindo wa cholesterol

Cholesterol (cholesterol) ndi cholembera wamafuta a polyhydric wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a cyclic, omwe ndi gawo lofunikira la makoma a maselo.

Pafupifupi 20% ya cholesterol imalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya chamagulu, 80% yake imapangidwa mu minofu ya thupi. Wophatikiza kolesterol wamkulu ndiye chiwindi, koma msonkhano wa chinthu ichi, womwe umafunikira ma membala am'mimba, umapezekanso m'matumbo, ziwalo zoberekera, impso, ndi ziwalo zina.

Cholesterol imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'moyo momwe amapangira ma bile acid, vitamini D, mahomoni ogonana, ndipo amapezeka m'magazi ali omangidwa ndimafuta acids.

Pulogalamuyi ndiyofunikira popanga minyewa ya mitsempha ndikupanga mahomoni a steroid. Zowonjezera zimatayika m'chiwindi, momwe cholesterol imaphatikizidwa ndi mafuta acids.

Cholesterol choyipa komanso chabwino

Ma mamolekyulu a cholesterol amaperekedwa kumaselo amthupi monga gawo la lipoproteins (lipoproteins) - ma protein omwe amaphatikiza mamolekyulu a protein ndi lipid.

Kutengera ndi kapangidwe kake, lipoproteins amadziwika:

• kukala kwambiri - kuchepetsa kwa HDL kapena Chingerezi. HDL
• kachulukidwe kakang'ono - kakafupikitsidwa ngati LDL kapena Chingerezi. LDL

Mapuloteni a lipidin a LDL amapereka maselo amthupi ndi mafuta acid, cholesterol, glycerin. Koma, atakhazikika pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, amatha kudziunjikira, ndikupanga zolembedwa za atherosrance.

Pulogalamu yokhala ndi mapuloteni-lipid a HDL imatha kusamutsa cholesterol ya atherosulinotic ku chiwindi, potero amayeretsa magazi.

Makhalidwewa amawonetsedwa mu dzina la nyumba mapuloteni-lipid awa:

• HDL monga cholesterol yabwino “kapena yabwino”, ndiye kuti, kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda a atherosulinosis,
• LDL, monga cholesterol "yoyipa" kapena atherogenic, ndiye kuti ikukulitsa chiwopsezo cha kufalikira kwa ziwongo za atherosulinotic m'magazi.

Pazonse, zonse zogwirizana ndi mafuta acids, ndi cholesterol yoyendetsedwa ngati gawo la lipoproteins, imatchedwa wamba, imayimiriridwa ndi OXC.

Makhalidwe azidziwitso amaphatikizapo cholesterol yathunthu, HDL ndi LDL. Mlingo wazizindikiro izi umatengera zaka, komanso jenda.

Pozindikira matenda a atherosulinosis, cholembera kapena coheroffic K_Akuwonetsa chiopsezo chowonongeka m'magazi ndi kukula kwa atherosulinotic.

Index K_A kuwerengeka ndi kachitidwe:

Mtengo wa HDL umachotsedwa pamtengo wa cholesterol yonse ndipo zotsatira zake zimagawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa LDL.

Ngati mukukayikira kukhalapo kwa munthu pambuyo pa zaka 40 zamtima, matenda am'mitsempha, kuwunika kokwanira ndikofunikira kuti muwone milingo yamitundu yonse ya cholesterol m'magazi ndikupatuka kwa zizindikiro kuchokera kwazomwe zikuchitika.

Phunziroli limatchedwa mbiri ya lipid, imakuthandizani kuti mupeze zofunikira za cholesterol yathunthu, LDL, HDL ndi triglycerides.

Cholesterol wamba

Oimira ogonana olimba, kale kwambiri kuposa azimayi, amakumana ndi mavuto omwe amawonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa mtima ndi ma atherosulinotic plaques komanso kukula kwa atherosulinosis.

Pambuyo pa zaka 30, mwa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa abambo, cholesterol yamagazi imaposa zofananira, monga momwe tikuwonera patebulo 1, ndipo zolembera za atherosselotic zimapezeka pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi.

Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi kusapezeka kwa gawo la amuna la chitetezo cha machitidwe a atherosulinosis mu mawonekedwe a estrogen ya akazi.

Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa muyezo wa cholesterol yathunthu m'magazi a munthu mwa mibadwo.

Muyezo wa OXC mwa abambo m'magazi, gome 1

Mwa bambo wamba wazaka zopitilira 50, cholesterol yamagazi imakwera, ndipo pakufunika kuwongolera mwamphamvu kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, kuti mupewe kupitirira zizolowezi kuchokera pagome 1.

Pofika zaka 50 popewa matenda amitsempha, ndikofunika kuti muzipita pachaka cha ECG pachaka ndikuwunika mozama kuti muwone magawo ofunika a magazi.

Ngati zotsatira za kusanthula kwa cholesterol zikuchulukirapo, ndiye kuti kafukufukuyu amayenera kuchitika nthawi 1 m'miyezi itatu.

Mfundo zomwe zasonyezedwa patebulopo ndizothandiza kwa bambo wathanzi. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la minyewa, mtima, European Association of Cardiology imalimbikitsa kutsatira malangizo omwe ali pamlingo wocheperako komanso wotsika.

Ndi mtima ischemia, mulingo wa cholesterol, malinga ndi malingaliro a ku Europe popewa zovuta zamitsempha, sayenera kupitirira 3.4 mmol / l.

Mitengo ya cholesterol yomwe ili pamtundu wamitundu 3.5 - 4 imawerengedwa kuti imakwezedwa ndi ischemia ya mtima, yopitilira 4 mmol / l - kutalika. Mu shuga 2, yomwe imayamba kukalamba ndipo imalumikizidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol sikuyenera kupitirira 4.5 mmol / L.

Norm wa LDL

Pambuyo zaka 50, chiopsezo cha mtima ischemia mwa amuna omwe ali ndi cholesterol yamagazi yopitilira muyeso wabwinobwino imawonjezeka 2 times.

Ndizotheka kuganiza kuti kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ya atherogenic m'magazi kumadutsa kuposa kuchuluka kwa thupi, matenda oopsa, chizolowezi chokhala moyo wokhalitsa.

Makhalidwe abwinobwino a cholesterol "yoyipa", yomwe ndi gawo la lipotroteins atherogenic, akuwonetsedwa patebulo lachiwiri.

Muyezo wa LDL m'magazi a anthu wazaka, gome 2

Miyezo ya atherogenic low-density lipoproteins imawerengedwa ngati zisonyezo za chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.

LDL yapamwamba imadziwika mu kunenepa kwambiri, hypothyroidism, matenda a chiwindi, uchidakwa, mankhwala okodzetsa, komanso beta-blockers.

LDL yafupika imawonedwa mwa odwala khansa, kuwonongeka kwa mapapo, kuchepa kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa magazi.

Zizindikiro za lipoprotein ya atherogenic zimadalira zaka. "Choipa" cholesterol chimatha kudziunjikira m'mwazi kwa munthu kwa nthawi yayitali, mosawerengeka, kuwonetseredwa mosawerengeka atatha zaka 40 - 50 pochita zochulukirapo.

Osuta, komanso anthu omwe adadwala matenda opha ziwopsezo, ali pachiwopsezo cha ischemia wamtima ndi atherosclerosis. Mulingo wa LDL m'gululi la amuna sikuyenera kukhala okwera kuposa 1.8 mmol / L.

Kovomerezeka ya cholesterol "yoyipa" m'magazi a munthu atakwanitsa zaka 50-60 zimatengera kuchuluka kwake komwe kungawonongeke malinga a mitsempha komanso mawonekedwe a atherosulinosis.

Kuthekera kwa atherosulinosis ndi kufananirana kwamankhwala ochepa kumakhala kochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi gulu lomwe lili ndi chiopsezo chowonongeka cha mtima, mwa amuna amsinkhu womwewo, omwe akuvutika ndi:

• matenda oopsa
• matenda ashuga
• onenepa kwambiri
• hypodynamia.

Mlingo wa LDL mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 50, omwe ali m'gulu lachiwopsezo ichi, ayenera kusungidwa mndandanda wa 2.33 - 2.5 mmol / L.

Mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 60 akudwala matenda a mtima, okhala ndi LDL cholesterol ochepera 2.59 mmol / L m'magazi, omwe amafanana ndi malire ochepera pazomwe zili mu tebulo la zaka, kugunda kwa mtima kumayamba kawirikawiri.

Onjezerani wodwala pakali pano, muwonjezere chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamafuta, kusuta, kusiya mowa. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, atherosulinosis, LDL sayenera kukhala apamwamba kuposa 2.6 mmol / L.

HDL yachilendo mwa amuna

Mitundu ya lipoproteins yapamwamba imachulukanso mwa amuna ndi akazi pofika zaka 70, ndipo mwa akazi, magwiritsidwe antchito a anti-atherogenic cholesterol m'magazi ndiwambiri.

Otsatirawa ndi gome la cholesterol miyambo ya antiatherogenic mkulu osachulukitsa lipoproteins mwa abambo.

HDL ya amuna omwe ali m'magazi, gome 3

Mwa akulu akulu azaka zopitilira 50, kufunikira kwa cholesterol m'magazi kumakhala kocheperako kuposa momwe zimakhalira, zomwe zimaganiziridwa mu gulu lomweli la akazi.

Kwa amuna, HDL imawerengedwa kuti ndi malire ovuta a 1 mmol / L, kwa akazi - 1,2 mmol / L.

Kutsitsa HDL m'mwazi kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis. Kuchepa kwa HDL kumadziwika ndi zilonda zam'mimba, matenda oopsa, shuga, ndi kusuta.

Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol "yabwino" kumadziwika ndi kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri. Amayambitsa kuchuluka kwa mowa wa HDL, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena.

Kupatuka kwa OXS kuchokera pachizolowezi

Monga taonera kale, cholesterol imalowetsa chakudya m'mimba ndi chakudya ndipo imapangidwa ndi chiwindi. Ngakhale, zoona, zakudya zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'mwazi, koma kuchuluka kwa kapangidwe kake m'thupi palokha ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Munjira zambiri, mulingo wa OXC umatsimikizika ndi kugwira ntchito kwa chiwindi, matenda omwe alipo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena.

Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol yathunthu, chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis chikuwonjezeka.

Mitengo yowonjezereka

Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol mwa amuna kumagwirizana ndi matenda:

• matenda ashuga
• atherosulinosis,
• matenda a chiwindi
• myxedema
• lipoid nephrosis.

Mukupweteka kwambiri kwa chiwindi, cholesterol yathunthu imakwera kwakanthawi, ikugwa ndipo kumapeto kwake kumayambiranso.

Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumawonedwa ndi chibadwa chamtsogolo chomwe chimachitika m'mabanja ena.

Koma nthawi zambiri mwa amuna, kuchuluka kwa OXC kumalumikizidwa ndi chitukuko cha atherosulinosis ndikuwonetsa chiopsezo cha mtima waschemia.

Anachepetsa magazi m'thupi

Choyambitsa kutsitsa cholesterol yamagazi chikhoza kukhala:

• chifuwa chachikulu
• thyrotooticosis, hyperthyroidism,
• pachimake kapamba
• matenda pachimake,
• sepsis
• cachexia - kutopa kwa thupi,
• kusala, zakudya zopanda lipid.

Kuchepa kwakukulu kwa cholesterol ndikuwonetsa chizindikiro cha kuyimitsidwa kwa chiwindi ndipo ndikuwonetsa kuti ali ndi vuto lalikulu kwa bambo yemwe ali ndi vuto losakwanira.

Kusanthula kwa cholesterol

Kapangidwe ka ma atherosselotic plaques pamitsempha yamagalasi kumatchinga zotengera ndikusokoneza ubongo, mtima, ndi mtima, ndikupangitsa, motsatana, stroko, kugunda kwa mtima, komanso kusabala.

Pakuwunika kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, atherogenic, antiquogenic lipoproteins, adokotala amatha kuwunika kuchuluka kwa ngozi yomwe angayambire atherosulinosis ndi zovuta zake m'njira yamatenda omwe adalembedwa.

Mayeso a cholesterol m'mwazi mwa akulu ndi (mmol / l):

• for OXS - 3.6 - 5.2,
• LDL - 2.1 - 3.5,
• mtengo wa HDL ndi 1 - 1.9.

Mwa amuna, HDL sayenera kukhala ochepera 0,9 mmol / L, mwa akazi - 1,2 mmol / L.

Ngati mtengo wa LDL ndi 3.3 - 4.1 mmol / l, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa chiopsezo cha mtima wa ischemia, ndipo ndi zizindikiro zopitilira 4.1 - chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima.

Zimayambitsa High Cholesterol

Pali zifukwa zingapo zamakono zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cholesterol yoyipa ikulire m'thupi laimuna.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa thupi la bambo wa LDL zitha kukhala kugwira ntchito komanso kukana kuchita zolimbitsa thupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kwa cholesterol kumawonedwa ndi nkhanza za zakudya zoyipa, zamafuta ndi zakudya zopukutidwa.

Zowonjezera zina zokweza cholesterol yoyipa zingakhale:

1. kunenepa
2. matenda ashuga
3. uchidakwa
4. kusuta
5. kuthamanga kwa magazi
6. Matenda a kapamba, chiwindi kapena impso,
7. cholowa
8. kupsinjika, kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro.

Amuna onse atatha zaka 40, ndipo opambana onse patatha zaka 30, mosasamala kanthu za kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa matenda komanso chizolowezi cha atherosulinosis, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyezetsa magazi kuti muone cholesterol. Cholinga chachikulu ndikusintha komwe kumayamba mthupi mzaka zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mutatha kudutsa zaka makumi anayi, oimira kugonana mwamphamvu amachepetsa kupanga testosterone. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa kuchepa kwa androgen. Kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni m'thupi kumapangitsa kupezeka kwa matenda a pathologies, kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuwonjezeka kwa milomo ya lipoprotein yoyipa m'madzi a m'magazi.

Pali zosiyasiyana pamalamulo, awa ndi milandu pamene mayeso amatha kuwulula osakwera kwambiri, koma kutsitsa cholesterol. Zomwe zimapangitsa izi zimaphatikizapo:

• Kukhalapo kwa pathologies a chithokomiro England kapena chiwindi.
• Kuperewera kwa Vitamini chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya
• Minyewa yokhala ndi vuto logaya.

Monga tanena kale, pamsinkhu winawake, amuna amakhala ndi vuto la cholesterol metabolism, palinso kusintha kwa mahomoni komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakukonzanso, ndipo mwatsoka, kukalamba kwa thupi. Kuchokera ku mkhalidwe wathupi lathunthu komanso mutatha kudutsa zaka 35, chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana chimakulanso.

Zaka zisanu zilizonse, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuyeza cholesterol, ndipo pambuyo makumi asanu, mwinanso kwambiri.

Mafuta a cholesterol kutengera ndi zaka

Mpaka zaka makumi atatu mwa abambo, palibe zopatuka kuzikhalidwe wamba. Njira za metabolism zimagwirabe ntchito, motero, kulumikizana bwino kwambiri kwa ma lipoproteins okwera komanso otsika kumayesedwa. Pazaka izi, muyezo wa cholesterol wamagazi mwa amuna suyenera kupitirira 6.32 mmol / L.

Pazaka 30 mpaka 40, munthu sayenera kukhala cheke, chifukwa pa nthawi imeneyi pamakhala kukonzekera kwambiri maonekedwe a hypercholesterolemia. Momwe mungayang'anire thanzi la abambo panthawiyi? Ndikofunika kuthana ndi kukakamizidwa komanso kukhala ndi shuga. Pambuyo khumi ndi atatuwo, kuwonongeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya ndi kuchepa kwa zochita za kusinthika kuyambika. Kuchepa kwa kusuntha, kusowa zakudya komanso zakudya zosafunikira, kupezeka kwa zizolowezi zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri magawo amitsempha yamagazi kumathandizira kukula kwa cholesterol panthawiyi. Zabwinobwino ndizisonyezo wamba za cholesterol pamtunda kuchokera 3,39 mpaka 6.79 mmol / L.

Ali ndi zaka 40-45, gawo lokonzanso mahomoni aamuna limayamba. Kupanga kwa testosterone, komwe kumayang'anira mafuta amthupi, kumachepetsedwa. Njira yokhala ndi ntchito yochepetsedwa yolimbitsa thupi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika zakudya zachakudya zosafunikira (mwachitsanzo, mwachangu chakudya) zimathandizira kuti munthu azikula kwambiri, zomwe sizingakhudze momwe mitsempha imagwirira ntchito ndikugwira ntchito kwa mtima. Pambuyo pa amuna makumi anayi ayenera kudutsa njira imodzi yoyambira zaka 1 mpaka zaka zitatu. Ngati pali zovuta ndi kupsinjika - osachepera 1 nthawi ziwiri kapena zitatu. Mlingo wa cholesterol yathunthu m'zaka 40-50 uli pamtunda kuchokera 4,10 mpaka 7.15 mmol / l.

Popeza adakhala kwa theka la zaka, mwamunayo ayenera kuganizira zakuti chiwopsezo cha cholesterol chimasungidwa m'matumbo ndikukula kwa mtima wa pathologies pafupifupi kawiri. Mukakwanitsa zaka 50-60, muyenera kumayesedwa pafupipafupi komanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino: muzidya zakudya zabwino, kuyiwala za zizolowezi zoyipa ndikuyenda zina zambiri.

Mwamuna akakwanitsa zaka 60, kuchuluka kwa HDL ndi LDL kuyenera kusungidwa chimodzimodzi. Kusintha kwa zizindikiro kungathandizire kuti mukhale ndi moyo komanso kuti mukhale ndi matenda osatha. Chaka chilichonse, pa zaka 60-65 zaka, kuyeserera koyenera kuyenera kuchitidwa, ma electrocardiogram ndikuwunika shuga wamagazi ndizofunikira. Chizindikiro chovomerezeka cha cholesterol yathunthu panthawiyi chimakhala chopanda malire ngati zaka khumi zapitazo.

Pambuyo pakuwoloka chopitilira zaka 70, kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins kumachepa. Koma kwa m'badwo wopatsidwa, izi zimatengedwa ngati chizolowezi. Komabe, chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi atherosulinosis chikuchulukirachulukira.

Muyenera kuyang'anira thanzi lanu mosamala kwambiri kuposa kale, kutsatira zakudya ndi kuyesa magazi kwa OX miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse.

Ntchito za cholesterol m'thupi la munthu

M'masiku ano, anthu ambiri amavomereza kuti cholesterol ndiyowopsa komanso yopweteketsa thanzi la munthu. Komabe, izi sizowona konse. Cholesterol ndi mowa wamafuta womwe umapezeka m'mimba mwake mwa selo zonse zamoyo. Ndi gulu la organic lomwe limagwira nawo gawo:

• mafuta kagayidwe
• kaphatikizidwe wa bile acid.

Chifukwa cha cholesterol, kupanga Vitamin D kogwira ntchito kumachitika. Kugundika kosakwanira kwa izi kwa lipophilic m'magazi a chamoyo chilichonse kumayambitsa kutsekeka kwa makoma a nembanemba a cell. Izi ndizofunikira kwa thupi la munthu kuti lizigwira ntchito mwa dongosolo la endocrine komanso gland ya adrenal. Mothandizidwa ndi cholesterol, kupanga mahomoni a steroid kumachitika.

Ndikovuta kwambiri kuonanso mbali ya cholesterol m'thupi la munthu. Koma kuwunika mulingo wake m'mwazi ndikofunikira.

Kuchulukitsa kumatha kudzetsa matenda amtima, matenda ashuga, ndi zina zambiri.

Mitundu ya zinthu

Nthawi zambiri, cholesterol nthawi zambiri imagawidwa kukhala "yoyipa" komanso "yabwino". Malinga ndi sayansi yazachipatala, gulu lotereli kulibe. Tikulankhula za mankhwala a cholesterol omwe ali ndi mapuloteni komanso kuchuluka kwa zovuta. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe osalimba a lipoprotein amatchedwa cholesterol "yoyipa". Ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu omwe amapanga mafupa am'madzi omwe amatha kulowa m'mitsempha yamagetsi ndikupangitsa kuwonongeka kosagwirizana ndi thanzi la munthu.

Zambiri mu mtima, mawonekedwe oterewa ndi omwe amachititsa kuti mtima ukhale wosagawanika. Ndipo kukhathamira kwawo mu ubongo kungayambitse matenda am'mimba. Kuchulukana kwa lipoprotein koopsa kumabweretsa chiwopsezo ku dongosolo lonse la mtima wamunthu.

Kuphatikizika kwakukulu kwa cholesterol yokhala ndi mapuloteni sikuwononga zachilengedwe. Kusintha kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala Vitamini D osafunikira, kutenga mbali m'zinthu zama metabolic komanso kugwira ntchito kwa mahomoni, "cholesterol" chabwino "sichimapanga mafuta oopsa komanso madongosolo.

Cholesterol imalowa m'thupi la munthu osati ndi chakudya. Pafupifupi 80% yazinthu zachilengedwe izi zimapangidwa ndi thupi lathu mothandizidwa ndi chiwindi.

Dziwani kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa mafuta m'thupi pogwiritsa ntchito milomo ya magazi. Chizindikirochi chimakhala ndi lipoprotein yapamwamba kwambiri, lipoprotein yotsika pang'ono komanso angapo triglycerides. Makamaka osafunikira magazi okwanira omaliza.

Chikhalidwe cha mafuta m'thupi mwa amuna

Munthu aliyense ayenera kuyang'anira zomwe zili mu lipoprotein zomwe zili m'magazi. Makamaka anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo ndi:

• osokoneza bongo
• kumakhala moyo wongokhala.
• akudwala matenda oopsa kapena matenda ena a mtima,
• amuna zaka 40.

Akatswiri amadziwa chiopsezo cha mapangidwe a atherosclerosis mwa amuna achikulire kuposa zaka 40 mpaka 45. Monga lamulo, matendawa samadzipangitsa kumverera kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndipo kungowona magazi mowoneka kokha ndi kumene kungathandize kuzindikira matenda omwe angakhalepo.

Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa zofunikira zonse za cholesterol komanso mawonekedwe ake m'magazi mwa amuna. Pafupifupi, cholesterol yonse sayenera kupitirira 5.2 mmol / L. Komabe, chizindikirochi chimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera zaka zoyimira. Chifukwa chake, mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 40, chizolowezi cha cholesterol m'magazi pafupifupi 5.4 mmol / L, ndipo pafupifupi zaka 60 chikufika pa 7.19 mmol / L.

Pali chikhalidwe china mwa amuna malinga ndi msinkhu wa chisonyezo cha atherogenic. Kuthekera kwa atherogenic kumawerengeredwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera ndipo amawonetsa chiŵerengero china cha cholesterol yathunthu, komanso kuphatikiza kwake kachulukidwe komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri. Gome la zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma atalegenic coefficients aperekedwe pansipa. Malinga ndi iye, pazaka makumi anayi kwa abambo, chiwerengerochi sichidutsa 3.5. Ngati cholowa ichi chili ndi phindu la 4 kapena kuposa, izi zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda a ischemic.

Zakudya ndi moyo

Ngati kuyezetsa magazi kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa malo ochepera a lipoprotein ndi kukhalapo kwa triglycerides, muyenera kuyang'ananso moyo wanu. Izi ndizowona makamaka pakugonana kwamphamvu. Amadziwika kuti kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi a amuna kumakwera mofulumira kuposa azimayi. Ndipo patatha zaka 40, kuopseza matenda amtima mwa amuna kumachulukitsa kangapo.

Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi omwe amapezeka muyezo wofunikira, chofunikira ndi kutsatira zakudya zapadera:

1. Zakudya za bambo yemwe magawo amwazi wamagazi am'magazi azambiri kuposa zakudya zoyenera ayenera kulemekezedwa ndi timadziti ndi zipatso. Makangaza, zipatso za mphesa ndi karoti zimathandizira kuchepetsa "zoyipa" cholesterol (dzina lina la cholesterol) m'magazi.
2. Nyama zamafuta zimasinthidwa bwino ndi zokhotakhota.
3. Ndikofunikira kupanga chisankho pamafuta a masamba, kupatula, ngati nkotheka, batala kuchokera kuzakudya.
4. Pakati pa zipatso, zipatso za malalanje - lalanje ndi mphesa - akuchita "nkhondo" yochepetsa cholesterol m'magazi.
5. Zakudya za munthu ziziphatikiza tchizi chamafuta ochepa komanso mkaka wowawasa.
6. Zidzakhala zachilengedwe kukana zakudya zambiri zachangu, tchipisi ndi zinthu zina zamafuta a trans. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuyika zokhazokha ndi mtedza (ma almond, pistachios, walnuts) kapena chokoleti chakuda.

Madotolo akuti zakudya zosankhidwa bwino zimatha kutsitsa cholesterol yokwanira ndi 14%.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chizindikiritso cha cholesterol m'magazi ndichotsekeretu kusuta. Mukasuta fodya, kuwonongedwa kwa makoma a mitsempha. Ndili m'malo omwe "ofooka" am'mimba awa omwe ma lipid amamuyika, chifukwa chake kumatulutsa zombo. Pazifukwa zomwezo, ndikofunikira kusiya kumwa mowa komanso khofi wamphamvu kwambiri. Mwa zakumwa, tiyi wobiriwira ayenera kukondedwa.

Masewera azitha kukhala othandiza. Kuchulukitsa kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuthamanga kwa thupi kumayambitsa mapangidwe a triglycerides ndi kuchepa kwa "othandiza" cholesterol yothandiza kwambiri. Zochita zapanja, kuyendera dziwe, kupalasa njinga kapena kugudubuza kumathandizira kuti mapangidwe a lipoprotein akhale magazi.

Kuphatikiza ndi zakudya za cholesterol ndikusiya zizolowezi zoipa, madokotala amatha kukupatsirani mankhwala apadera (ma statins) omwe amachepetsa cholesterol yamagazi. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse pokhapokha mutakambirana ndi dokotala wanu, yemwe angakuthandizeni kusankha chithandizo choyenera komanso chothandiza.

Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika zakudya zopanda pake, zizolowezi zoipa ndi moyo wongokhala wamunthu wazaka zopitilira 40 zimayambitsa kuphwanya mafuta kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi. Ndikosatheka kuchotsa mapepala opangira mafuta kale. Koma ndizowona kupewera kuphatikizika kwa madongosolo atsopano.

Kodi kuchitira cholesterol yayikulu?

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyang'anira cholesterol, chizindikiritso cha zinthuzi mwa amuna chimawerengeredwa ndi zaka. Gome la zizindikiro liyenera kukhala pafupi.

Kuti muwunikire bwino komanso pafupipafupi, mutha kugula zida zoyezera cholesterol, zomwe zimawonetsanso triglycerides ndi shuga. Ngati mayesowa akuwonetsa kupatuka pang'ono pazomwe zikuchitika, ndiye kuti pa nthawi iyi ndikokwanira kusintha zakudya ndi moyo.

Popeza nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwa lipoprotein sikuwonekera kunja, mutha kudziwa za kukhalapo kwa matenda amizere am'mimba, matenda a atherosclerosis, ndi matenda ena. Pazaka 53 ndi pambuyo pake, gawo lokhazikika la chinthu limawonetsedwa ndi tachycardia ndi kupweteka m'miyendo, yomwe imatha kuwoneka poyenda.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa LDL sikunayambitse zovuta zazikulu, mutha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwake ndi chakudya. Nthawi zina, adotolo amakupatsani mankhwala kuti mupewe zovuta zina.

Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa pakumwa mankhwala

Mutha kusintha matenda a cholesterol posintha zakudya zanu.

Simungazunze thupi ndi chakudya chokhwima kapena kufa ndi njala.

Kudya wathanzi ndikutsatira malangizowa kungakuthandizeni kwambiri zotsatira zanu.

Kuti muchite izi, tsatirani malamulo awa:

1. M'pofunika kuchepetsa kudya komwe kumakhala mafuta a nyama. Izi zikuphatikiza: margarine, batala, mkaka, nyama yamafuta.
2. Menyu yathanzi imayenera kukhala ndi masaladi opangidwa ndi masamba abwino. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwachotse ndi mafuta.
3. Muyenera kudya masamba ena atsopano, zipatso zosiyanasiyana, ndi timadziti kuchokera kwa iwo, imwani zakumwa za zipatso ndi ma suti, pomwe siziyenera kukhala ndi shuga.
4. Maswiti onse, zophika m'masitolo, zakudya zosavuta, mafuta anyama komanso nyama zosuta ziyenera kuchotsedwa muzakudya.
5. Kuphika kuli bwino mu chowiritsa chowirikiza, muthanso kuphika mu uvuni, koma kupewa kutumphuka.

Udindo wofunikira mu zakudya ndimasewera olondola a tsikulo. Chakudya chizidyedwa tsiku lililonse nthawi imodzi. Mautumiki azikhala ochepa.

Masamba ophika, zipatso zatsopano, yoghurts ndi kefir ndi zabwino monga zokhwasula-khwasula.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala

Ngati matenda abwinobwino sichinathandize kuti muchepetse cholesterol, ndiye kuti mankhwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala apadera amayenera kuyamba.

Pali mndandanda wonse wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muchepetse cholesterol m'thupi.

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza, ali m'magulu angapo azida zamankhwala.

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsitsa LDL akuphatikizapo ma statins, ma fibrate, ndi ma resion a ion:

• Madera Awa ndi othandizira ofala kwambiri a cholesterol. Zotsatira zake ndikupondereza kupanga enzyme yomwe imayambitsa kapangidwe ka cholesterol ya LDL. Nthawi zina chidachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupewa matenda a mtima. Zowona, ali ndi zotsutsana ndi zoyipa, chifukwa chake kufunsa kwa madokotala ndikofunikira. Nthawi zambiri, ma statins amayenera kumwedwa mosalekeza, chifukwa mukasiya kugwiritsa ntchito cholesterol, imabweranso chimodzimodzi.
• Fibates. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ma statins kukonza lipid metabolism. Fibates amalepheretsa mapangidwe a triglycerides mu chiwindi ndikupanga njira yawo yopanga msanga.
• Kusinthana kwa Ion. Zinthu izi zimagwira pa ma asidi a bile, amazimangirira m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka komwe kumalowa m'chiwindi. Zotsatira zake, thupi limayamba kugwiritsa ntchito LDL pakupanga ma acid, omwe amachepetsa mtengo wawo.
• Nicotinic acid Zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa kupanga cholesterol yoyipa ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake kuchokera ku minofu ya adipose yaumunthu.

Monga chithandizo chowonjezera, mavitamini a magulu A, C, E angagwiritsidwe ntchito, amathandizira kubwezeretsa mkhalidwe wamitsempha.

Njira zina zochizira

Mankhwala achilengedwe amathanso kuthandizira kutsitsa cholesterol yamagazi, pokhapokha ngati matendawa apezeka posachedwa.

Mankhwala achikhalidwe apanga maphikidwe ambiri. Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala azikhalidwe, ndikofunikira kuti muonane ndi dokotala. Nthawi zambiri, tiyi wobiriwira, tiyi wokhala ndi ginger ndi adyo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza.

Mu tiyi wobiriwira, kuti musinthe kukoma kwake, mutha kuwonjezera tiyi wamkaka wa tiyi wamkaka m'malo mwa shuga. Magalamu 100 a ginger wodula bwino ayenera kudulidwa n'kupanga ndi kutsanulira kapu imodzi yamadzi ozizira oyeretsedwa.

Wiritsani mu msuzi pafupifupi mphindi 20. Kenako muyenera kupsinjika ndikudikirira mpaka chakumwa chazirala. Ndimu ndi uchi zitha kuwonjezera. Tiyi imakhala ndi toni, choncho ndibwino kuti muziigwiritsa ntchito mawa ndi chakudya chamadzulo, koma osati pamimba yopanda kanthu, koma mukatha kudya.

Adyo. Wamphongo wachikulire ayenera kuphatikiza malonda ake pachakudya chake cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Kodi ndimayenera kudya zipatso zingati kuti ndikhale ndi mphamvu? Ma clove awiri kapena atatu a masamba tsiku lililonse kwa mwezi umodzi adzakhala okwanira.

Kuwunika kwa cholesterol kukufotokozedwa mu kanema m'nkhaniyi.

Gome la cholesterol: muyezo wa amuna mwa mibadwo

Tisanayang'ane pagome, tiwone zomwe mawu ndi zilembo akutanthauza - zonse pazomwe zili patebulopo komanso zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi? Pomwe, monga biomaterial pofufuza ndi kuwulula zofunikira za cholesterol yathunthu, magazi a capillary amagwiritsidwa ntchito (mwachitsanzo "kuchokera pachala"). Ndipo machitidwe a mbiri ya lipid (lipidograms) - odzola zokha.

C cholesterol chonse (cholesterol) kapena Cholesterol chonse (ku USA, Canada ndi Europe). Izi monga mafuta (ofunika) ndizofunikira m'thupi lathu. Popeza zimathandizira pakupanga mahomoni (ndi vitamini D), kugaya chakudya ndi kupanga mafupa amitsempha. Ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri la membrane wa maselo, limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu ubongo ndi chitetezo cha mthupi (kuteteza ife oncology).

Komabe, ndi kuchuluka kwake (makamaka, mu kachigawo cha LDL kofotokozedwa pansipa), zoopsa za kupangika kwa cholesterol plaques (i., Chitukuko cha atherosulinosis) zimachuluka. Zomwe, pamapeto pake, zimabweretsa kutseka (mitsempha) yamitsempha yamagazi kapena mitsempha ndi iwo, chifukwa chake - kugunda kwa mtima kapena sitiroko.

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino (zapakati) za cholesterol yathunthu ya amuna: m'mitundu 5.2 - 6.2 mmol / l (kapena 200 - 238.7 mg / dl)

Pokhala chinthu chambiri ngati mafuta (monga tanena kale), cholesterol ndi yopanda madzi kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, poyendetsa kudutsa mu magazi, imayikidwa mu mapuloteni okhala ndi ma apolipoproteins (A1 ndi B). Zotsatira zake, maapangidwe amapangidwa omwe amatchedwa madokotala - lipoproteins (okwera / otsika / otsika kwambiri komanso osalimba apakati).

Lowensens lipoproteins (mayina ena a LDL, LDL cholesterol, beta-lipoproteins, beta-LP). Chidule chakunja - LDL, LDL-C (Lowensens lipoprotein, otsika kachulukidwe lipoprotein cholesterol). Ndiwo omwe amatumiza cholesterol m'magazi, komanso oteteza thupi kwambiri ku poizoni wakupha. Komabe, amatchedwa "cholesterol yoyipa". Chifukwa cha kusauka bwino pakupanga zolembera zamitsempha yamagazi kapena mitsempha yamagazi. Tidalemba zakuopsa kwawo pang'ono.

LDL yabwinobwino (avareji) LDL yaimuna: m'magawo 2.6 - 3.3 mmol / l (kapena 100 - 127 mg / dl). Makhalidwe apamwamba amatsogolera ku hypercholesterolemia.

High density lipoproteins (mayina ena: HDL, HDL cholesterol, alpha-cholesterol). Chidule chakunja - HDL, HDL-C, HDL Cholesterol (High density lipoprotein cholesterol, High density lipoprotein). Mosiyana ndi "otsogolera" awo, amatchedwa cholesterol yabwino ". Popeza ndi iwo omwe ali ndi udindo wonyamula mafuta (LDL, STD) kubwerera chiwindi. Komwe amapangidwira mu ma asidi a bile, kenako amawatulidwa m'matumbo.

HDL yoyenera kwambiri (yapakati) kwa amuna: pamtunda wa 1.0 - 1.55 mmol / l (kapena 38.5 - 59.7 mg / dl). Makhalidwe otsika - onjezani zoopsa zomwe zingayambitse matenda a atherosclerosis kapena matenda a mtima. Makhalidwe apamwamba - mmalo mwake, amatchedwa ndi madokotala "moyo wautali."

Mgwirizano

Ku USA, mg / dl. (i.e. mu milligrams pa desilita), ndi ku Canada, Europe ndi Russia - mu mmol / l (i.e. mamililita pa lita). Ngati ndi kotheka, nkhani yoyendayenda imachitika molingana ndi njira zotsatirazi:

• Cholesterol (mmol / l) = cholesterol (mg / dl) x 0.0259,
• Cholesterol (mg / dl) = cholesterol (mmol / l) × 38.665.

Triglycerides - zomwe zimachitika mwa amuna ndi zaka (gome)

Natural triglycerides mwa amuna, magazi (omwe ali pansipa pansipa) amatha kusiyanitsa ndi msinkhu, komanso kutengera mawonekedwe a thupilo. Kuti mudziwe chithunzi cholondola (makamaka thanzi lanu), onetsetsani kuti mwakumana ndi dokotala woyenera.

Mlingo wa TG (mmol / L)

Mitundu ya cholesterol yamagazi mwa amuna - mwa mibadwo

Malinga ndi tebulo (lomwe lasonyezedwa pamwambapa), zikuwoneka bwino kuti milingo ya cholesterol imasintha ndi zaka. Ziwerengero za anyamata achichepere ndi amuna okhwima (okalamba), ngakhale sizochuluka, komabe - ndizosiyana. Pakupita kwa zaka iwo amakula. Chifukwa chake, musadziganize molakwika ndi magome amtundu wa template, pomwe (monga gulu lankhondo) zambiri zonse zimangokhala ndi manambala ochepa (pansi pa "chisa" chimodzi). Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yamagazi sikungakhale kofanana kwa anyamata ndi achikulire / achikulire ndi ana.

Manambala amasintha pakapita nthawi, ndipo nthawi zambiri - izi ndizabwinobwino! Amuna sayenera "kumenya" cholesterol popanda chifukwa chabwino CHOTI (popanda kufunsa madokotala)! Popeza mulingo wachepera kwambiri (i.e., pansipansi pazaka zakubadwa) siwokhala ndi nkhawa yayikulu, komanso kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa libido (kenako potency)! Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku (2000) - zoopsa zimawonjezeka ndi 400-700% ngakhale poyerekeza ndi amuna omwe ali ndi cholesterol yayikulu komanso triglycerides m'magazi.

Mulingo woyenera kwambiri anyamata anyamata pambuyo 30-30

(kuwunikira kambiri: 3.57 - 6.58, LDL: 2.02 - 4.79, LPV: 0.72 - 1.63)

Ngati mu zaka zazing'ono kunali kotheka "kukwapula" usiku kuthawa, ndiye nthawi yino ya moyo - tchuthi ayamba kale "kumva m'mawa". Otchedwa mavuto azamanthu (kulingalira njira ya moyo), kukondweretsa - kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa cholesterol ya LDL mwa amuna (chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro kosalekeza). Komabe, kuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwake mu seramu yamagazi, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti zochita zosayenera (mwachitsanzo, kudzipereka nokha kapena kudya mosamalitsa) "kungapweteke" cholesterol yabwino ya HDL. Ndipo izi ndizowopsa osati kuchuluka kwa vuto lakale, komanso maonekedwe a ena ambiri - zovuta "zatsopano" zatsopano. Ndipo izi (zotchulidwa pamwambapa) ndikuchepa kwa potency ndi kukhumudwa, komanso kusokonezeka kwa m'mimba ndi kusokonezeka kwa magwiridwe ntchito a chitetezo chamthupi (kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chitetezo chathupi).

Nthawi zonse azibambo azaka 40 mpaka 45

(kuwunikira kambiri: 3.91 - 6.94, LDL: 2.25 - 4.82, LPV: 0.70 - 1.73)

Malinga ndi zomwe zachitika ku China: zomwe tidabzala unyamata wathu, titatha "makumi anai" tidzakolola: kumwa mowa (makamaka "wamphamvu", ngati munthu), kusuta (makamaka kupaka paketi tsiku ndi "pranks" zina). Kukula kwa cholesterol m'magazi kumadalira chiwindi, ndipo palibenso china chomwe chitha "kumenya" monga mowa. Vuto lina lodziwika (kwa amuna osakwatira),, m'malo mwake, limachepetsa cholesterol ya HDL, chifukwa cha "kuchepetsedwa" zakudya (mwachitsanzo, kusowa kwa mbale zotentha, saladi zobiriwira, ndi menyu woyenera). Chilichonse chimafunikira chizolowezi! Malangizo enanso kwa anthu opitilira 40 ndi kutuluka mgalimoto nthawi zambiri ndi “kufalitsa magazi” kumapazi (osachepera mphindi 30 zakuyenda moyenda). Kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi (osachepera 2 pa sabata).

Magazi abwinobwino mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 50 - 55

(kuwunikira kwakukulu: 4.09 - 7.17, LDL: 2.31 - 5.10, HDL: 0.72 - 1.63)

Mosiyana ndi azimayi, theka lamphamvu laumunthu lilibe chitetezo chodalirika ku kusinthasintha kwakuthwa m'magazi a cholesterol. Mahomoni ogonana achikazi - estrogens, amatha kulimbana ndi matenda a cholesterol mwachizolowezi (mwachitsanzo, nthawi ya gestation). Ndiye chifukwa chake, nkhani ya chikhalidwe cha cholesterol kwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 50 ndiyofunika kwambiri - ali "otseguka" pamavuto aliwonse. Gulu lazaka lino limalimbikitsidwa kwambiri: kuyang'anira bwino thanzi, makamaka kamodzi pachaka kukayezetsa ndi kukayezetsa. "Zilonda" panthawiyi ya moyo zimakula nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi yotaya siyofunika! Ndi zoletsedwa kwathunthu kuti tichite kuonana ndi adotolo "mawa" kapena "Lolemba"!

Cholesterol mwa akulu mwa zaka: atatha zaka 60 - 65

(kuwunikira kwakukulu: 4.12 - 7.15, LDL: 2.15 - 5.44, LPV: 0.78 - 1.91)

Mavuto omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi cholesterol ya magazi kwa abambo ndi "opitilira 60": onenepa kwambiri, moyo wokhazikika (mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kupuma pantchito), kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (makamaka popanda mankhwala), ndi nthendazo zokha (mtima, chiwindi, impso, chithokomiro). Malangizo oyenera: moyo wapaulendo (abwino: kanyumba, usodzi, koma wopanda mowa, kuyenda tsiku lililonse - osachepera ma kilomita 3-5), zakudya zopatsa thanzi (kukana mbale zambiri zosangalatsa koma zopweteka) ndikuwunika mayeso pafupipafupi (osachepera kuposa 2 pachaka). Ngati tikufuna kupulumuka (m'lingaliro - kukhala ndi moyo wautali), ndiye kuti tiyenera kumvera malamulo!

Malangizo onse:

• kukhala wathanzi labwino kwambiri

(ndudu zochepa ndi mowa - masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri, kuyenda / kuthamanga mu mpweya wabwino, kupanga anzanu ndi ma dumbbells / kettlebells / barbell, kutengera zaka),

• amaganiza bwino zakudya zopatsa thanzi

(kuphatikiza mavitamini ndi michere yonse yofunikira, popanda kutengeka kopitilira muyeso wa cholesterol, pamene izi sizofunikira)

• kuganiza koyenera

(nthawi zonse khalani ndi vuto labwinobwino komanso mizimu yabwino, kumbukirani kuti mlangizi wabwino kwambiri pamavuto aliwonse "amanjenje" ndiwodziwa bwino zamisala, osati cognac kapena vinyo.

• mumayesedwa pafupipafupi ndi kukayezetsa zonse

(kuyambira zaka 20 - osachepera kamodzi pa zaka 3-5, pambuyo pa 40-50 - osachepera 1 nthawi pachaka, pambuyo pa 60 - makamaka 2 kawiri pachaka.

Kufotokozera za thunthu ndi ntchito zake

Zokhudza mankhwala: Kutha kusungunuka kokha mumadzi okhala ndi michere yambiri, osatha - m'madzi. Ambiri amapangidwa ndi hepatocytes - maselo a chiwindi, pafupifupi 20% - amabwera ndi chakudya.

Molekyu ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga mavitamini a gulu D, komanso mahomoni ogonana, kuphatikizapo testosterone. Kuphatikiza apo, thupilo ndilofunikira kuti likhale ndi kutanuka kwa nembanemba ya cytoplasmic ya khungu mu kutentha kosiyanasiyana.

Mitundu ya lipoprotein zovuta

Chifukwa cha kusadzipika mumadzi amadzimadzi, mamolekyulu sangathe kunyamula kudzera m'mitsempha yamagazi kupita ku ziwalo ndi minyewa. Chifukwa chake, thunthu limakhala m'thupi la munthu momwe limapangidwira zovuta ndi ma transporter peptides. Pulogalamuyi idatchedwa - lipoprotein. Pali mitundu itatu ya lipoprotein complexes yomwe imadziwika: kachulukidwe kakang'ono (HDL), otsika (LDL) ndi otsika kwambiri (VLDL). Amasiyana osati muzochita zomwe adachitazo, komanso muyeso wowopsa kwa thanzi la munthu.

Momwe mungadziwire lipoprotein "zabwino" ndi "zoyipa"? HDL imawonedwa ngati "yabwino"; imakhala pafupifupi 30% yonse. Zovuta zimakhala makamaka za peptide moeches. Pomwe LDL ili ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la puloteni. Kuchulukitsa kumayambitsa mapangidwe amitsempha yamagazi, yomwe imalepheretsa kuyenda kwaulere kwa magazi, komanso imawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a mtima (kugunda kwa mtima ndi sitiroko).

Gawo lalikulu la LDL limalowa m'thupi la munthu limodzi ndi zakudya zamafuta (nyama kapena mkaka), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke.

Mndandanda wa mayendedwe a cholesterol mwa mibadwo

Zofunikira: ndi katswiri wokhayo yemwe angatanthauzire zotsatira zakusanthula zomwe zapezeka. Poterepa, ndizosavomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito izi pofufuza, popanda njira zina zoyeserera.

Maina akuti cholesterol poyesa magazi mu Chilatini ndi magazi a cholesterol, Cholesterol, Cholesterol konse, koma omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Chol.

Mukamasankha zofunikira (zovomerezeka), zaka za wodwalayo ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti pofika zaka, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi kumakwera, komwe kumawerengedwa ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazidziwitso kwa munthu wathanzi. Komabe, kuwonjezerapo kwakukulu pamlingo wapamwamba wa mfundo zotchulidwazo ndi chifukwa chokwanira chokwanira kuperekera kuyeza kwakukulu kwa wodwalayo.

Chiyeso cha muyeso ndi mmol / l kapena mg / dl. Kuti muthe kusintha, ndikofunikira kuchulukitsa zotsatira za mg / dl chifukwa cha 0,026.

Malingaliro amathandizidwe a cholesterol kwa odwala amuna amadziwika ndi zaka. Chiyeso cha muyeso ndi mmol / L.

Muyezo wa cholesterol yamagazi mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 50

Kusunga cholesterol yabwinobwino mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 50 ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Mwa akazi, gawo lalikulu limaperekedwa kwa progesterone ndi estrogen - zinthu zamafuta, zomwe zimadziwika ndi anti-atherosulinotic zotsatira - kuchepa kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa "zoyipa" komanso kuwonjezeka kwa "zabwino" lipoprotein. Mwa oyimilira ogonana mwamphamvu, kuphatikiza kwawo ndizochepa. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira zaka za 50, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa chizindikiro chomwe chikufunsidwa.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti gawo loyimira labotolo lomwe likufunsidwa lisasungidwe kuposa 7 mmol / L. Kwa izi, zolimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku zimachulukitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa mowa komwe kumamwetsedwera kumachepetsedwa, ndipo mbale zamafuta zamafuta siziphatikizidwa.

Muyezo wa cholesterol yamagazi mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 60

Pambuyo pa zaka 60, kupatuka pang'ono (osapitirira 5) kuchoka pazowoneka bwino za lipoproteins kwathunthu kumaloledwa, bola LDL ili pamlingo wovomerezeka. Ngati makina a magawo onse awiri apezeka, chakudya choyenera chimaperekedwa limodzi ndi mankhwala.

Zizindikiro za cholesterol yayikulu ya magazi mwa amuna

Chofunikira: cholesterol yokwezeka mwa amuna sikuwoneka mwa mawonekedwe aliwonse. Izi zikufotokozera kufunikira kwa mayeso okonzekera nthawi zonse, makamaka patatha zaka 50.

Zizindikiro zimawonekera pambuyo pakupanga matendawa - atherosulinosis ndikuwoneka ngati:

• mafuta granulomas
• mawanga achikasu pakhungu ndi pansi pa maso,
• kupweteka pachifuwa ndi mafupa,
• onjezani nthawi ya thrombosis,
• Kutupa kwa m'munsi,
• kupuma movutikira ndi kutopa.

Ngati cholesterol yathunthu imakwezedwa, ndiye kuti izi zikutanthauza chiyani?

Kuchulukitsa kokhazikika kwa nthawi imodzi sikuyenera kukhala kodetsa nkhawa, chifukwa kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa magawo m'magawo a biochemical kapena posayang'anira malamulo okonzera wodwalayo kuti awerenge. Ngati, pakuyambiranso, zikuwonetsanso zazikulu kwambiri, ndiye kuti mndandanda wa mayeso owonjezera a labotale wofunikira kukhazikitsa zimayambitsa.

Zomwe zimapangitsa izi:

• makonzedwe obadwa nawo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale ya zochitika zamtima zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa LDL
• kudya zakudya zamafuta kwambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu ya zinthu zonse ziwiri pamadigiri osiyanasiyana imadziwika. Zifukwa zakuchulukitsira mafuta m'thupi:

• cholestasis - njira ya m'magazi, yotsatana ndi kuchepa kapena kutha kwa dongosolo la bile kulowa m'matumbo a duodenum chifukwa mapangidwe amiyala mu chikhodzodzo cha ndulu kapena chindodo pakayang'anidwe kake.
• nephrotic syndrome chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yotupa m'm impso,
• Matenda a chithokomiro omwe amatsogolera ku kusakwanira kwa chitetezo cham'magazi,
• matenda ashuga
• uchidakwa
• kunenepa
• oncopathology ya prostate kapena kapamba.

Mu shuga mellitus, muyeso watsiku ndi tsiku wa mtundu wa umboni womwe ukutchulidwa akulimbikitsidwa. Popeza shuga wambiri amathandizira kuti LDL ikwaniritse, zomwe zimakhala zowopsa pamoyo wamunthu komanso thanzi.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Cholesterol Yotsika Magazi mwa Amuna

Nthawi zambiri odwala amafunsa funso: kodi HDL yotsika ndi LDL ndiabwino kapena siyabwino? Ponena za zotsimikizira zilizonse zasayansi, ndikofunikira kulingalira malire okhazikitsidwa ndi momwe ziyenera kukhalira. Kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kulikonse kumawonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha kukula kwa matendawa, omwe ayenera kupezeka.

Zinthu zomwe zimafotokozera momwe cholesterol imakhala yochepa mwa abambo zimaphatikizapo:

• chibadwa
• kwambiri matenda a chiwindi ndi mapapu,
• kuwonongeka kwa mafupa
• kupanga kwambiri mahomoni a chithokomiro,
• zosokoneza mu mayamwidwe dongosolo
• kuchepa magazi
• yoyaka yophimba thupi lonse,
• chifuwa chachikulu
• pachimake gawo la yotupa yotupa matenda.

Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kuchuluka kwa chisonyezo chotsimikiziridwa kumachepetsedwa ndi mankhwala ena, kuphatikizapo antimycotic ndi erythromycin yoletsa antibayotiki. Kunyalanyaza malingaliro pazokonzekera kuperekera kwa biomaterial - kudya zakudya zomwe zili ndi mafuta ambiri, kutopa komanso kupereka magazi atagona pansi, zitha kubweretsanso zotsutsa zabodza zomwe zimawunikira. Izi zimafunikira kafukufuku wachiwiri kuti utsimikizire izi.

Momwe mungakonzekerere zopereka zamagazi za cholesterol?

Biomaterial yowerengera imatengedwa ndi katswiri wa labotale kuchokera kumitsempha ya m'chiwuno cha wodwalayo. Nthawi yofikira siyidutsa maola 24, osawerengetsa tsiku lomwe nkhanizo zinaphatikizidwa.

Zolakwika zoposa 70% zimapangidwa poyambira, ndiye kuti, pakukonzekera phunziro kuti lisanthule komanso munthawi yomwe akutenga mfundo. Malangizo pokonzekera kusanthula:

• zolengedwa zimaperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, nthawi yocheperako pakati paulendo waku labotale ndi chakudya iyenera kukhala maola 6,
• theka la ola kupatula kusuta,
• zosintha za tsiku ndi tsiku zimapangidwira zakudya: zakudya zamafuta ndi osuta siziphatikizidwa,
• zochitika zolimbitsa thupi komanso zamaganizidwe, chifukwa izi zimakhudza kayendedwe ka minofu m'thupi la munthu,
• kwa masiku awiri ndi atatu, ndikofunikira kupatula kudya kwa mankhwala aliwonse pokambirana ndi adokotala. Ngati sizotheka kuletsa, ndikofunikira kudziwitsa wogwira ntchitoyo zaiwo.

Chithandizo ndi kupewa

Zakudya, zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa thupi lonse la munthu:

• Ndikofunikira kupatula zakumwa, komanso mitundu yamafuta ndi nsomba. Nyama yankhuku ndi nkhukuzi zimakondedwa, mitundu ya nyama yamkaka ndiyovomerezeka,
• tchizi tchizi, yogati, wowawasa wowawasa, kefir wokhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo amachotsedwa muzakudya, mankhwala amkaka a skim amaloledwa, koma osapitirira kamodzi pa tsiku,
• kuchuluka kwakukulu kovomerezeka kwa mafuta a tchizi sikuyenera kupitirira 30,
• ma yolks amachotsedwa mazira owiritsa, mapuloteni amatha kudyedwa mopanda malire,
• Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse mchere wambiri womwe umatha,
• maswiti amachepetsedwa, moyenera - kuthetsedwa kwathunthu,
• zakudya zomwe zaletsedwa kotheratu zimaphatikizapo: mafuta a mpendadzuwa, mayonesi, ndi msuzi.

Njira yophikika yomwe mumakonda kuphika, kuwotcha kapena kuwotcha, kuyamwa siyenera kuphatikizidwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudya pa ndandanda, osapitirira kasanu patsiku.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi asayansi ku United States akhazikitsa ubale wolunjika pakati pa mtundu wa khofi womwe umadyedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chizindikiro chomwe chikufunsidwa. Chifukwa chake, khofi pompopompo imakhala ndi zotsatira zowonjezereka, chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali ndi hypercholesterolemia amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito khofi wachilengedwe yekha popanda shuga.

• chikhalidwe cha cholesterol m'magazi a munthu zimatengera zaka, zomwe ndikofunika kuganizira mukamasulira zomwe zapezazo,
• ndikofunikira kukonzekera bwino njira zosonkhanitsira zinthu zachilengedwe kuti muchepetse ngozi yoti tipeze zolakwika,
• kupatuka kuzolowera kumapitilira kumawonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu kokulira
• chithandizo chokwanira kwambiri chimachepetsedwa kukhala chakudya chamafuta ochepa komanso kumwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa mamolekyulu amafuta.

Julia Martynovich (Peshkova)

Omaliza maphunziro, mu 2014 adachita maphunziro apamwamba ku Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education ku Orenburg State University ndi digiri ya Microbiology. Omaliza maphunziro a digiri yoyamba FSBEI HE Orenburg State Agrarian University.

Mu 2015 Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis of the Ural Nthambi ya Russian Academy of Science inachita maphunziro apadera pansi pa pulogalamu yowonjezera yaukadaulo "Bacteriology".

Laureate mpikisano wa All-Russian pantchito yabwino yasayansi mukutchedwa "Biological Sayansi" wa 2017.

Udindo wa cholesterol m'thupi la munthu

Cholesterol mwa amuna, monga akazi, ali ndi ntchito yofunika m'njira zambiri zamitundu mitundu. Pamunsi pake m'thupi mahomoni ambiri amapangidwakuphatikiza pamtundu - testosterone ndi estrogen, komanso cortisol - mahomoni a adrenal.

Cholesterol ndi gawo lama cell membrane. Yokhazikika mu hepatocytes, maselo ofiira am'magazi ndi ma cell aubongo. Pamaziko ake, thupi limapanga ma asidi a bile, limakhala ndi zowongolera vitamini D bwinopotero kupereka kukhalabe osakhazikika chitetezo.

Cholesterol imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: - HDL (high density lipoproteins) ndi LDL (low density lipoproteins). Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa cholesterol yabwino ndi yoyipa (yothandiza komanso yoyipa).

Mwachidziwikire katundu wopanda pake ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri, womwe amatchedwanso "cholesterol" yoyipa. LDL ili ndi ntchito yomamatira wina ndi mnzake, mwakutero kuwononga endometrium ya chotengera, chomwe chimatha kudziwonekera mwa mawonekedwe amipanda pamipupa yomwe imapangitsa kuti stenosis isatenge. Njira zoterezi zimatha kuyambitsa zotsatilapo zingapo - zovuta monga matenda a mtima, matenda a m'matumbo, mitsempha ya varicose, kulephera kwa mtima, stroko komanso mtima.

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zikuyenera kukhala lipids yokhazikika, kutengera zaka.

Zotheka zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha cholesterol yayikulu

Tsopano popeza tikudziwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yomwe imayenera kukhala mwa abambo, ndizabwinobwino, kutengera zaka komanso kuchuluka kwa triglycerides m'magazi, tiyeni tiwone zomwe mulingo wazikhalidwe zomwe zili pamwambazi zili zowopsa kwambiri.

Ndi hypercholesterolemia yokhudzana ndi zaka, cholesterol yathunthu imawonjezeka makamaka chifukwa cha LDL, yomwe imawerengedwa ngati gawo lovulaza. Chifukwa chake, LDL imakwezedwa: zikutanthauza chiyani?

Cholesterol choterocho (choyipa) chimatha kukhazikika pamakoma olimba, kumamatira molekyulu, potero amapanga cholesterol plaques. Njira zopitilira nthawi zimayambitsa kutuluka kwa mtima wamitsempha, zinthu za ischemia ndi mavuto ena amtima. Zotsatira zazikuluzikulu za pathogenesis iyi ndi atherosulinosis. Komanso, zimatha kubweretsa zovuta monga angina pectoris, matenda oopsa a m'magazi, matenda a mtima, stroko, matenda a mtima.

Kuthandizidwa chifukwa chophwanya zizindikiro lipids atha kukhala ndipo ayenera, koma mwapadera atatha kufufuza kwathunthu ndikuyankhulana ndi dokotala wazambiri, potengera kusanthula komwe adasonkhanitsa ndi maphunziro ena apadera, adzazindikira ndikupereka chithandizo choyenera.

Kuyesa kwa magazi kwa cholesterol

Magazi akatengedwa kuti aphunzire mawonekedwe a lipid, zizindikiritso zotsatirazi zimatsimikiziridwa:

Pamodzi, zizindikirozi zimatchedwa mbiri ya lipid. M'mbuyomu, tidawunikira zomwe zikuwonetsa kubadwa kwa cholesterol, HDL ndi LDL mwa mibadwo. Kusanthula kumeneku ndi kwa renti kusala kudya, magazi a venous amayesedwa. Palibe kukonzekera mwachindunji sampling ya magazi, maola 10-12 musanawunikidwe, kudya sikuchotsedwa, mankhwala ndi mowa sizimatengedwa dzulo lake, kutengeka ndi / kapena katundu wakuthupi kumachepetsedwa.

Momwe mungapewere kuphwanya malamulo

Ndikofunikira kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi ndikuisunga momwe ingavomereze. Mwa izi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi zonse azitenga mbiri ya lipid mosiyanasiyana, kutengera zaka.

Kuti mupewe mavuto a cholesterol malinga ndi momwe mungathere, muyenera kutsatira malangizo ena ovomerezeka. Muyenera kusamala ndi zakudya komanso idyani pomwe. Kuletsa zakudya kuyenera kukhala koyenera, zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol yoyipa ziyenera kudyedwa pang'ono. Zinthu zotere ndi monga: tchizi chamafuta ambiri, mazira, batala, kirimu wowawasa, mafuta a nyama, tchizi, nyama yamafuta. Zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mitundu yamafuta ochepa, mwachitsanzo, zinthu zamkaka zokhala ndi mafuta ochepa.

Muyenera kuwonjezera pazakudyazo zipatso ndi masamba ambiri. Onetsetsani kuti mukuchepetsa, kapena ndibwino kuti muchepetse, zakudya zokazinga ndi zogulitsa ndi mafuta a transgenic (tchipisi, maulalo, zopukutira, donuts, ndi zina). Ndikofunika kudya maswiti ochepera (chakudya chambiri).

Kuphatikiza pazakudya, phindu la cholesterol limapangitsa zolimbitsa thupi. Maphunziro olimbitsa thupi amayatsa bwino mafuta "oyipa" amthupi. Zothandiza ndizoyenda wamba.

Kuphatikiza pa njira zachilengedwe zochepetsera cholesterol mwa amuna, mankhwala ochepetsa lipid amatha kuuzidwa ndi dokotala. Pali zingapo zofunika magulu azamankhwalakutsitsa lipid milingo malinga ndi zomwe zimachitika:

1. Madera M'mayendedwe azachipatala, mankhwala monga Atorvastatin, Krestor, Liprimar, Simgal, Lipostat, Rosuvastatin, Torvakard ndi ena ofanana nawo nthawi zambiri amapezeka. Mankhwalawa amalepheretsa ma enzymes omwe amayambitsa kapangidwe ka cholesterol "yoyipa". Amathandizira kuyeretsa ziwiya zomwe zakhudzidwazo komanso pang'onopang'ono kubwezeretsa katundu wawo wotayika. Kukonzekera kwa gululi kuli ndi zoyipa zingapo komanso zoyipa, chifukwa chake, zimayikidwa ndi akatswiri okha.
2. Fibates. Fenofibrate Canon - woimira aliyense wamagulu amtunduwu, amakhala wolimba ndi mafuta ndi uric acid. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala owonjezera mu zovuta mankhwala ngati mafuta a cholesterol aposa 7.4 mmol / l.
3. Kusinthana kwa Ion. LDL imamangidwa ndikuchotsedwa. Mankhwalawa amatengedwa ndi zakudya.
4. Zakudya zowonjezera zakudya zozikidwa pa chitosan, taurine, lecithin, omega-3 kapena maziko ena azomera. Zinthu izi zimaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe mankhwalawa amapezeka kwambiri.
5. PCSK9 zoletsa sizimalembedwa kawirikawiri chifukwa cha mtengo wokwera wa mankhwalawo.
6. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi ASA (acetylsalicylic acid, mavitamini). Kuchepetsa kukhuthala kwa magazi, komwe mwa iko kumathandiza kupewa matenda a mtima ndi stroko, thrombosis, ndikuletsa mapangidwe a atherosranceotic plaques.

Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo chamankhwala, mavitamini ndi mankhwala wowerengeka amathandizira pakulimbana kwa cholesterol yeniyeni. Kwa zaka zambiri, mankhwala achikhalidwe monga ginger ndi tiyi wobiriwira, adyo, zitsamba zamkaka, artichokes (monga mbale yodziyimira pawokha kapena yowonjezera), mafuta a masamba (15 ml amafunikira mphindi 30 asanadye) atsimikizira bwino.

Zizindikiro za cholesterol ndizofunikira kwambiri pa thanzi la abambo. Ndi m'badwo, pamakhala kusinthika kwa kusintha kwa ma hormone ndi zomwe zimakonzanso zomwe zimaphatikizanso kusintha kwa lipid moyenera. Chifukwa chake, amuna omwe ali ndi zaka 30-30 mpaka 40 amalimbikitsidwa kuti aziwunikidwa pafupipafupi ndikupanga mbiri ya lipid kuti athe kuzindikira kusintha kwakanthawi ndikuletsa kutukuka kwakukulu. Zakudya zoyenera, zolimbitsa thupi - zomwe zimapangitsa kupewa cholesterol pathologies.