Yesani mayeso kutsimikiza mtima kwa mkodzo

Zingwe zoonetsa ngati zotayika pakuwona mulingo wa shuga (shuga) mumkodzo zimapangidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mwapamwamba komanso pang'ono. mu vitro Kusanthula kwa mkodzo kwa shuga (shuga).

Kuchita kwa chizindikiro cha kupindika kwa kuyeza glucose mumkodzo kumachitika chifukwa cha enzymatic reaction (glucose oxidase / peroxidase), mkati mwa nthawi yomwe mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa gawo la chisonyezo (sensor) cha gawo loyeserera limasinthika.

Zizindikiro (zotsekera) zoyesa (zingwe zoyesa, zingwe, "ndodo zoyesera", kuyeza kwamikodzo poyesa, ma bibs, "mapepala ozindikira") shuga mu mkodzo angagwiritsidwe ntchito posanthula mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa glucosuria (glucose mu mkodzo), osalunjika, hyperglycemia, kunyumba, m'malo azachipatala, zipatala (zipatala), malo ogwiritsira ntchito malo ogulitsa, malo ogona, othandizira odwala ndi odwala.

Zingwe zoyeserera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo kapena operewera metabolism yamafuta am'mafuta, komanso kudziwa momwe odwala alili ndi matenda a shuga mellitus (DM).

Matenda a shuga, matenda ashuga mellitus ndi gulu la matenda amtundu wa endocrine omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwathunthu (DM 1) kapena wachibale (DM 2) insulin hormone akusowa. Matenda a shuga amakhalanso amakhala ndi hyperglycemia (kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, chifukwa, mkodzo), kuphwanya lamulo mitundu yonse kagayidwe: chakudya, mafuta, mapuloteni, mchere ndi mchere wamchere.

Pozindikira matenda ashuga, komanso kuwunika momwe matendawa agwiritsidwira ntchito, sikuti amangogwiritsa ntchito ziwonetsero zokha, ndikofunikanso kuyesa mayeso otsatirawa magazi: kusala shuga m'magazi (monga lamulo, kuyezetsa kumachitika kunyumba, glucometer imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupenda magazi) ndi kuyesedwa kwa magazi, kuphatikiza kuyesedwa kwa glucose test (glucose test), glycated hemoglobin test (glycosylated hemoglobin, Hb_A1c) komanso kuyezetsa magazi kambiri (kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera pamagazi kumawonetsa kuchepa kwa chithokomiro).

Kuyeserera koyenera komanso kopitilira muyeso poyerekeza ndi gawo loyesa chizindikiro kumapereka mwayi wokhazikitsa kupezeka kwa shuga (shuga) mumkodzo, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa glucosuria, kupereka zakudya zofunika, ndikusintha njira yamankhwala.

Sensor (sensor element) ndi Chizindikiro (chosonyeza) - ma visor omwe amatanthauza kukakamira kwa mankhwala komwe kumagwirizana ndi gawo loyesa.

Mizere yoyeserera yopatsa chidwi imapatsa wodwala mwayi wodziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo, kuphatikiza pazinthu osagwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, pamene glucose mumkodzo amawonekera ndi kuchepa kwa gawo la impso.

Zingwe zoyeserera zimakhazikitsa chenicheni cha kukhalapo kwa glucose (shuga) mkodzo, ngati kulipo, kuchuluka kwa ndende kumatsimikizika. Zotsatira zomwe zidapezedwa ndi njirayi ndi zikuwonetsa ndi sindingathe ali ndi chikhalidwe chofunikira kwambiri chodziwunikira. Zingwezo zoyesera zimapangidwa makamaka kwa anthu omwe amawopa kutenga magazi athunthu kuchokera ku zala zawo. Kulandila zolondola kwambiri Malangizo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito chisonyezo "Kuyesa mawanga a shuga wamagazi" kapena kuyeza shuga pogwiritsa ntchito njira ina yapadera yokonzanso magazi - glucometer.

Zotsatira zakuyesa pogwiritsa ntchito mitsuko ya mayeso a mkodzo, monga lamulo, osadalira kuti kupezeka kwa matupi a ketone mumkodzo. Urine pH (acid-base chilengedwe) sizimakhudzanso mtundu wochokera muyezo wazowonetsa.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoyeserera, palibe chifukwa chokhala ndi luso lapadera ndi chidziwitso.

Zida zoyesa kutsimikiza kwa shuga (glucose) mu mkodzo zimapangidwa mwa mitundu itatu yotulutsidwa - No. 25, 50, 100, zimakhala ndi pulasitiki kapena chitsulo (chubu), nthawi zambiri - botolo lagalasi.

Nthawi zambiri, m'mafakisoni, mumakhala mawonekedwe a kumasulidwa No. 50 (imakhala ndi zingwe 50), zomwe zimafanana ndi zomwe wodwala amafunikira pamwezi.

Seti ya mizera No. 50 ikuphatikiza:

1. Chubu yokhala ndi zingwe 50 zoyesa. Chubu imakhala ndi mtundu wa tebulo (tebulo) popangira kusanthula,
2. Malangizo a pepala ogwiritsira ntchito (malangizo akhoza kubwerezedwa pa chubu),
3. Katemera wama carton.

Glucose (shuga, shuga ya mphesa, dextrose) ndi monosaccharide mthupi la munthu ndiye gwero lamphamvu lamphamvu lowonetsetsa kuti kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Glucose adapezeka ndi dokotala waku Britain a William Prout mu 1802.

Mluza ndi zomwe zimachokera zimapezekanso mu ziwalo zambiri zazing'onoting'ono komanso thupi lathu. Kuposa theka la mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thupi zimapangidwa ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni a glucose. Glucose amapangidwa ndi thupi kuchokera ku sucrose ndi wowuma, kuchokera kunja ndi chakudya, komanso glycogen yosungidwa mu chiwindi. Amapangidwanso mumapangidwe amtundu wa amino acid, lactate.

Glucose, pokhala wothandizira ponseponse mankhwala, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala poledzera (poyizoni wa chakudya, matenda).

Glucose (shuga) mumkodzo

Shuga (glucose mkodzo) (glucosuria, glycosuria) amawonekera chifukwa cha kusokonezeka m'thupi, monga lamulo, ndizotsatira za hyperglycemia, shuga wambiri m'magazichizindikiro cha matenda ashuga.

Glucose (shuga wamagazi) (glycemia) ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zolamulidwa ndi thupi la munthu (homeostasis). Mwazi wokwera m'mwazi mwambiri (hyperglycemia) ndi chizindikiro cha matenda a shuga.

Impso zimatha kubwerera m'magazi kuchuluka konse kwa glucose komwe kwadutsa mu mawonekedwe a impso glomerulus. Nthawi zambiri, mwa munthu wathanzi (pakupuma) shuga mumkodzo amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwake (0,06 - 0,083 mmol / l), osakwanira kutsimikiza mu labotale panthawi yopima maphunziro a mkodzo (kuwunikira kwakukulu) .

Kuchuluka kwa shuga komwe kumachitika mumkodzo, zomwe zimayambitsa kuyambitsa kwa chizindikiro cha mzere, ndi 0.1 mmol / l (2 mg / dl).

Glycosuria, pakakhala malo okwanira okwanira, amatha kuyambitsa madzi am'madzi, chifukwa kumapangitsa kuti madzi abwerere m'thupi.

Zikumana aimpso glucosuria wotuluka chifukwa cha kukomoka kwa glucose m'm impso, shuga akapezeka mumkodzo, pomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sapatuka pachikhalidwe.

Mnzake wa shuga mumkodzo nthawi zambiri amakhala acetone.

Acetone (ma ketoni, matupi a ketone, KET, "ket") ndi zinthu za metabolic zomwe zimapangika m'chiwindi nthawi ya glucose synthesis. Ngati kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe a acetone kuposa kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake, ma acetone amawonongeka mwamphamvu maselo onse amthupi, choyambirira, maselo aubongo. Ngati mawonekedwe a acetone samagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi toxicosis komanso mwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto la uric acid diathesis. Ndi uric acid diathesis, shuga m'magazi a mwana kutsitsidwa.

Acetone ikawoneka, acidity (reaction, pH) ya mkodzo nthawi zonse imasunthira kumbali ya asidi (mpaka mlingo wa 5 ndi pansi), komabe, motere, ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso a acetone (keto strips) kuti muzindikire.

Ngati glucosuria imayambitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga, maonekedwe a hematuria (magazi amatsenga, maselo ofiira am'magazi ndi hemoglobin mkodzo) ndi chizindikiro choopsa.

Dinani ndikugawana nkhaniyi ndi anzanu:

Maselo ofiira a m'magazi ndi hemoglobin mu mkodzo (hematuria) ndi mawu omwe amatanthauza kuwoneka kwa ziwalo zamagazi mumkodzo - maselo ofiira a magazi kapena hemoglobin mopitilira muyeso ya thupi.Magazi mu mkodzo wa matenda a shuga amawonekera patadutsa zaka 15 mpaka 20 mawonetseredwe (kuwonekera koyamba) kwa matendawa, ndiye chizindikiro cha kulephera kwa impso, zotsatira zakusefukira kwanthawi yayitali ndi impso zamagazi omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga. Nthawi zina, hematuria imatha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda amtundu wa genitourinary system, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala a oncological, omwe amapezeka ndi zotupa zoyipa, kuphatikizapo.

Ndi zotupa za tubulointerstitial mu impso, osati glucosuria zokha, komanso proteinuria yapamwamba

Mapuloteni mumkodzo (proteinuria) - chofufumimba (mapuloteni) m'matumbo (albumin ndi ma globulin mu mkodzo, opitilira zomwe zimakhazikika (40-80 mg / tsiku). Proteinuria, monga lamulo, ndi chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka kwa impso.

Chifukwa chake, ndikuwoneka ngati shuga mumkodzo (makamaka ndi matenda a shuga), zovuta zina zingapo zitha kukayikiridwa.

Glycosuria osagwirizana ndi hyperglycemia, nthawi zambiri imachitika chifukwa cha kulephera kwa impso, kungayambitse kusowa kwamadzi, chifukwa imakwiyitsa kuchuluka kwamadzi mu mkodzo.

Mu makanda, monga lamulo, glucosuria wa alimentary amapezeka, womwe umawoneka mphindi 30-60 mutatha kudya, ndikusowa pambuyo pa maola 3-5.

Mwa amayi apakati, shuga wa mkodzo amatsimikiziridwa pambuyo chakudya chomwe chimakhala ndi chakudya chamafuta ambiri. Glucosuria yachilengedwe ya amayi apakati nthawi zambiri imawonedwa mu nyengo yachiwiri ya kubereka, pamene misempha ikukwera mobwerezabwereza.

Ndi kupatuka kwadongosolo (kwa masiku atatu kapena kuposerapo) kuchoka pa shuga wabwinobwino mumkodzo ndikofunikira pezani upangiri kwa akatswiri azachipatala: nephrologist ndi endocrinologist.

Chida chophweka kwambiri komanso chotsika mtengo kwambiri chofufuzira shuga mumkodzo ndi njira yoyesa chizindikiro.

Mzere woyeserera

Mzere wowonetsa chizindikiro cha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga (shuga) mumkodzo ndi ma reagent okonzedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono ndi mulifupi wa 4-5 ndi kutalika kwa mamilimita 55-75 (kutalika kwa phan yamafunso okwanira ndi mamilimita 130) opangidwa ndi pulasitiki wopanda poizoni.

Kutali kwa 0,5-1 mm kuchokera m'mphepete mwa gawo lapansi, chizindikiritso (sensor) chimayikidwa, chomwe chimakhala utoto kumayambiriro kwa kuchitapo. Kwa opanga ambiri, chizindikiro cha glucose choyambirira chimakhala chikaso.

Chodziwika kwambiri cha michere yopanga gawo (sensor) ya chingwe choyesa:

• tetramethylbenzidine (Tetramethylbenzidine),
• peroxidase (Peroxidase, 1 U),
• glucose oxidase (Glucose oxidase, 1 U).

Kuphatikizika kwa gawo lazizindikiro, zida zake zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana, kutengera wopanga.

Kutengera kuchuluka kwa glucose (shuga) ndere mumkodzo, chizindikiro cha chingwe choyesera ndichakuda. Mitundu yamtundu wa sensor, machulukidwe ake, amasiyanasiyana kutengera ndi glucose omwe ali mu zitsanzo zoyeserera. Ngati mtengo wake ndi wopanda pake (palibe shuga yemwe wapezeka) - chizindikiro cha chingwe choyesacho chimasungabe utoto wake (monga lamulo, chikasu). Pokhala ndi chochita chabwino, chizindikirocho chimatembenukira ku mtundu wakuda wabuluu. Mtengo wokwanira wa shuga wofunikayo (glucose) mkodzo wokhala ndi timizere ta kuyesa uli wa 112 mmol / lita (ma phan ndi 55 mmol / lita.)

Nthawi yofunikira kuti mzere woyeserera uchitike kwathunthu ndi masekondi 60.

Kutsimikizika kofunikira kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo ndi mapesi oyeserera ndikukhazikitsa kukhalapo kwa shuga, mosasamala kanthu za kupsinjika kwake.

Kutsimikiza kwocheperako ndikuwona kuchuluka kwa shuga (shuga) mkodzo poonjezera (kufananiza) mtundu wa sensor strip sensor ndi muyeso wamtundu (tebulo), womwe umaphatikizidwa.

The enzymatic zikuchokera chizindikiro chosanjikiza mayeso mizere, monga lamulo, sayankha mitundu ya shuga, kupatula shuga.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mikwingwirima yambiri yoyesa, kupezeka kwa zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa mkodzo woyeserera (ascorbic acid) samatsogolera kulandira zotsatira zabodza zabodza.

Pazotsatira zoyesa mzera titha Zotsatirazi zimathandizira:

• kupezeka kwa kufufuza kwa mankhwala mu chitsanzo,
• kupezeka kwa ascorbic acid mu wozungulira 20 mg% akhoza pang'ono sinthani zotsatira za kutsimikiza,
• asidi wofatsa (wopangidwira nthawi ya salicylic acid),
• zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zotetemera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa mtsuko.

Mzere wowonetsa chizindikiro ndikugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi kokha. Mukachotsa mu chubu, Mzere woyeserera uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa maola 24.

Kukhalapo kwa shuga mu mayeso oyesa akhoza osalunjika kuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu inayake yamkodzo (10 g / l glucose kumawonjezera mphamvu inayake ya mkodzo ndi 0.004). Pali mikwingwirima yoyesa mkodzo yomwe ili ndi chizindikiritso chosiyanirana. Mtengo wa mitsempha yotereyi umakhala wokwera kwambiri, sizikupanga nzeru kuzigwiritsa ntchito pozindikiritsa glucosuria kokha.

Njira ina yoyesera timiyeso ta shuga (glucose) ndi kuyesa kwamkodzo kwathunthu.

Urinalysis (OAM, kusanthula kwamikodzo kwamkodzo) ndizovuta zamayesedwe amkodzo pochita mkodzo pozindikira. Ubwino wa kukhudzika kwa mitundu ingapo ya ziwonetsero poyerekeza ndi kuyesa kwa mkodzo komanso zinthu zina zamkodzo, komanso microscopy ya phala (pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu).

Monga gawo la kusanthula kwakukulu, kusanthula mkodzo wa tsiku ndi tsiku kumachitika.

Kusanthula Urine Tsiku ndi Tsiku - Kuwunika kupyola mkodzo wotuluka m'thupi masana (maola 24). Mkodzo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, mosiyana ndi mkodzo umodzi wam'mawa, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira mzere wamiyeso, ndiwothandiza kwambiri.

Malinga ndi "All-Russian Classifier of Economic Activities, Products and Services" (OKDP), code 2429422 - "Complex diagnostic reagents" adapatsidwa mayeso oyesa a glucose (shuga) mkodzo. Makampani omwe akuchita nawo ntchito yogulitsa ma strip test amayesedwa manambala a OKVED 51.46.1 (Ogulitsa azamankhwala ndi azachipatala).

Mizere yoyesera yofuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga (shuga) mkodzo, mosasamala kanthu komwe akupanga komanso dziko lomwe adachokera, malinga ndi "Nomenclature gulu la zida zamankhwala ndi makalasi, kutengera kuwopsa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo", ali m'gulu la 2a (zida zamankhwala zokhala ndi chiopsezo chapakatikati) .

Dziwonetseni nokha za zingwe zoyesa, ngakhale ndi zonse malangizo, si cholowa m'malo owunikira pafupipafupi mkhalidwe waumoyo ndi katswiri wazachipatala woyenerera, dokotala.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mkodzo poyesa mkodzo

Kuwerenga izi kuti mugwiritse ntchito poyesa kuti mupeze shuga (shuga) mkodzo sikumathandiza wodwalayo kuti aphunzire pepala "Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito timizere timene timayimira muyezo komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga mu mkodzo"yomwe ili pamakatoni opanga kapena opaka pansi pa chubu (cholembera pensulo) yokhala ndi zingwe zoyeserera.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito timiyeso ta glucosuria kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana amatha kusiyanasiyana pazambiri ndi malingaliro. Mu gawo "Kuyesa kwa mayendedwe a mkodzo wa shuga (shuga)", yomwe ili pansi pa tsambali, mutha kuwona mndandanda wazotsatira zonse zoyesedwa. Mwa kupita patsamba la chipangizo china chamankhwala, werengani malangizo ake.

Chiyeso chofotokozera (muyeso) cha shuga (shuga) mumkodzo chikuyenera kuchitika pa kutentha kwa +15 mpaka +30 ° C.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe oyesa chizindikiro, simuyenera kukhudza chinthu cha sensor (kachitidwe), ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo apadera aukhondo.

Mzere wochotsa mu chubu uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupenda mkati mwa mphindi 60.

Phunziroli, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano (Osapitilira 2 maola), osakhala pakati, wokwanira mkodzo wosakanikirana, woyikidwa mu chidebe chosawilitsidwa.

Ndi kuyimitsidwa nthawi yayitali, kuchuluka kwa pH kwa mkodzo kumasunthira kumbali ya acidic, komwe kumatha kubweretsa zosokoneza pazotsatira zoyeserera.

Zotsatira zowunikira zolondola kwambiri zidzapezeka m'maphunziro. Choyamba ma seva m'mawa mkodzo. Voliyumu yocheperako yofunika kusanthula ndi mamililita asanu.

Posankha kuchuluka kwamkodzo kofunikira kuti muunikidwe, munthu ayenera kuganizira kuchuluka kwa masensa omwe agawika molingana kupitirira mamilimita asanu ndi atatu a gawo lapansi (ngati kuwunikiraku kumagwiritsa ntchito mayeso osiyanasiyana, yomwe imodzi ndi sensor ya shuga). Ngati mulibe mkodzo wokwanira, pomwe masensa onse amizidwa kwathunthu mu mayeso, mzere umawerama, zomwe zitha kuchititsa kuti masensa amtundu wina amve. Chifukwa chake, zigawo zoyesera zotere ziyenera kumizidwa m'madzi okwanira mkodzo, kapena wowotcha wa labotale ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito (test test).

Mukamaliza kutsatira malangizo onse okonzekera, mutha kuyamba kuchititsa phunzirolo:

1. Tsegulani chubu ndi mizera yoyesa chizindikiro,
2. Chotsani Mzere
3. Tsekani cholembera pensulo yomweyo ndi chivindikiro,
4. Kwa masekondi 1-2, ikani chisonyezo cha mzere woyeserera mu mkodzo kuti sensor imamiziridwe mu mayeso a mkodzo,
5. Mukachotsa chingwe choyesera, chotsani mkodzo wambiri pomenya mokoma pakhoma la beseni ndi mkodzo kapena pogwira chizindikiritso papepala loyera.
6. Valani chingwe pamtunda pouma ndi cholembera,
7. Kuwunikira kusanthula kwa mkodzo kuyenera kuchitidwa masekondi 45-90 mukachotsa gawo loyeserera pachitsanzo, kuyerekezera mtundu wa chinthu cha sensa ndi sikelo yachikuda (tebulo) la glucose woyikidwa pa chubu.

Zotsatira zamankhwala amodzi payekha (komanso ma metabolites ena) pazotsatira za kusanthula sikukuwonetseratu. Zotsatira za kusanthula, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi chithunzi cha matendawa kapena zowoneka kuti ndi zokayikitsa, ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi njira ina yodziwira matenda. Motsatira mayeso a mkodzo wotsatira kwenikweni bwereza pambuyo kumaliza mankhwala.

Milozo yamtundu (matebulo) amizere yoyesera kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa shuga (shuga) mumkodzo wa opanga osiyanasiyana amatha kusiyanasiyana. Milozo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya opanga omwewo imatha kusiyanasiyana. Mukayerekezera chizindikiro cha mzere ndi mtundu wautali, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito muyeso wa chubu (cholembera pensulo) pomwe zingwe zoyeserera zidatengedwa.

Popewa kutayika kwa katundu wa mizere yoyeserera, yomwe ingapangitse zotsatira zosadalirika, malamulo osungira omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi wopanga ayenera kuyang'aniridwa.

Sitolo yoyeserera

Zisonyezero zowoneka (zotsekemera) zomangira kuti mupeze shuga (shuga) mumkodzo ziyenera kusungidwa m'mapaketi opangira m'malo ovuta osapezekapo ana, kutentha kwa +2 mpaka +30 ° C. Malo osungirako amayenera kutetezedwa ku mafupidwe a alkali, ma organic sol sol, ma acid mu moyo wonse wa alumali. Moyo wa alumali wa mizere yoyesera nthawi zambiri umakhala miyezi 12-24 kuyambira nthawi yomwe amasulidwa. Mukasunga chubu, osachotsa thumba ndi desiccant pachikuto chake.

Zilonda zosagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kutayidwa atatha tsiku lotha ntchito.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito timitengo yoyesa pachipatala, Mzere womwe udagwiritsidwa ntchito uyenera kuganiziridwa ngati zinthu zomwe zingatenge kachilombo. Kusungidwa kwaulere kwa mizere yogwiritsa ntchito sikuloledwa, kuyenera kutayidwa malinga ndi malangizo a nosocomial.

Mitundu yoyatsidwa pa chubu ndi zingwe zoyeserera iyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa kuti isafike.

Urine glucose (shuga) muyeso

Milozo yamtundu (matebulo) a kusanthula mkodzo wa shuga kwa shuga (shuga) opanga osiyanasiyana amatha kusiyanasiyana kwambiri mu kuchuluka kwa minda komanso kukula kwa mitundu. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa mamba omwe ali wamba. Mu gawo "Kuyesa kwa mayendedwe a mkodzo wa shuga (shuga)", yomwe ili pansi pa tsambali, mutha kuwona mndandanda wazotsatira zonse zoyesedwa. Pakufika patsamba la chipangizo china chamankhwala kuti muone mtundu woyenera wa utoto.

Mtengo wa zingwe zoyeserera

Mtengo wamiyeso yoyesera yotsimikizira shuga (shuga) mkodzo siziphatikiza mtengo wobereka ngati timizere timagulidwa pa shopu ya pa intaneti. Mitengo imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera malo ogulira, kuchuluka phukusi lililonse, dziko lomwe mudachokera.

Mtengo woyerekeza wamizere:

• Russia (Moscow, St. Petersburg) kuyambira 115 mpaka 1260 ma ruble aku Russia,
• Ukraine (Kiev, Kharkov) kuchokera 38 mpaka 416 Chiyukireniya hhucnias,
• Kazakhstan (Almaty, Temirtau) kuyambira 542 mpaka 5935 Kazakhstan tenge,
• Belarus (Minsk, Gomel) kuyambira 30,245 mpaka 331,380 ma ruble aku Belarus,
• Moldova (Chisinau) kuyambira 32 mpaka 353 Moldovan Lei,
• Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek, Osh) kuchokera pa 125 mpaka 1373 Kyrgyz soms,
• Uzbekistan (Tashkent, Samarkand) kuyambira 4460 mpaka 48863 Uzbek soums,
• Azerbaijan (Baku, Ganja) kuyambira 1.7 mpaka 18,8 manats aku Azerbaijan,
• Armenia (Yerevan, Gyumri) kuyambira 790 mpaka 8656 madera aku Armenia,
• Georgia (Tbilisi, Batumi) kuyambira 3.9 mpaka 42.8 Georgia Lari,
• Tajikistan (Dushanbe, Khujand) kuyambira pa 10,8 mpaka 118.7 Tajik somoni,
• Turkmenistan (Ashgabat, Turkmenabat) kuyambira 5.6 mpaka 60.9 mankati atsopano a Turkmen.

Mu gawo "Kuyesa kwa mayendedwe a mkodzo wa shuga (shuga)", yomwe ili pansi pa tsambali, mutha kuwona mndandanda wazotsatira zonse zoyesedwa. Ndikupita patsamba la chipangizo china chamankhwala kuti mudziwe mtengo wake.

Gulani zingwe zoyeserera

Mutha kugula timizere totsimikizira tchipisi (shuga) mkodzo mu mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a booking, kuphatikizapo. Musanagule mizere yoyesera, muyenera kumveketsa masiku omwe atha ntchito. Mutha kuyitanitsa mizere yoyesa mumafesi aliwonse opezeka pa intaneti, kugulitsa kumachitika ndikutumiza kunyumba ndi amtundu, popanda malangizo a dokotala.

Kuyesa Kwazida

Ndemanga ya mizere yoyesera kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa shuga mu mkodzo pakati pa odwala ambiri zabwino. Odwala amadziwa kutsika mtengo, kuphweka komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyeserera zoonera: ngakhale mwana atha kudzipenda pawokha pa glucosuria. Mwa zina zowunikira, kusakwanira bwino kwa kuyeza shuga mu mkodzo kumadziwika.

Kuti mupeze kutsimikiza kwa glucose, magawo oyeserera a glucose kapena mita ya glucose ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Yesani mzere wowunikira mkodzo wa shuga (shuga)

Zida zoyeserera pokonza mkodzo wa shuga (shuga) mumkodzo lero zimayimiriridwa ndi mitundu ikuluikulu komanso opanga.

Mzere ndi chizindikiro chimodzi (chokha cha shuga mumkodzo):

• Mzere waku Glucofan (Glucofan No. 50, GlukoPhan) mizere yaku Europe kuchokera ku Erba Lahema, Czech Republic (mpaka posachedwapa, inali gawo la mankhwala opangira Teva, Israel),
• Mizere yoyeserera ya Uriglyuk (Uriglyuk-1 No. 50) yoyesa shuga (shuga) yochokera ku Biosensor AN, Russia,
• Bioscan Glucose strips (Bioscan Glucose No. 50 / No. 100) pa shuga wa mkodzo kuchokera ku Bioscans, Russia,
• URiSCAN U19 Glucose 1 shuga mu mkodzo ku kampani ya Korea YD Diagnostics,
• Mzere wa Uri - DAC - 1G mizera yoyesera yopangidwa ndi DAC-SpectroMed, Moldova,
• Glucotest pakukonzekera kuchuluka kwa shuga mu mkodzo ku kampani ya Norma, Ukraine,
• Samotest-1 - ma coupons oyesedwa opangidwa ku China ndi Beijing Condor-Teco Mediacl Technology. Kupezeka kwa odwala ku Ukraine okha.

Mzere wokhala ndi zizindikiro ziwiri:

• Ketoglyuk-1 (Ketoglyuk-1 No. 50) - maulendo oyesa ndikuwunika ma ketones ndi shuga ochokera ku Biosensor AN, Russia,
• Citolab (Citolab) 2GK Zokhudza ma ketones ndi shuga kuchokera ku Pharmasco, Ukraine,
• Dirui Uristic Protein wa Glucose (Dirui Uristik Glucose Protein),
• Diaphane - amagwirira ndi zizindikiro ziwiri zakuzindikira kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi acetone ochokera ku Erba Lahema, Czech Republic.

Mzere wokhala ndi zizindikiro zitatu kapena zingapo:

• Mizere yoyesa ya Bioscan Penta (Bioscan Penta No. 50 / No. 100) yokhala ndi zikwangwani zisanu kuchokera ku kampani yaku Russia ya Bioscan, kulola kuyeserera kwamkodzo osati shuga (shuga), komanso pH (acidity), magazi amatsenga (maselo ofiira am'magazi ndi hemoglobin), mapuloteni onse (albumin, globulins), ma ketones,
• Pentafan / Pentafan Laura (PentaPhan / Laura) amayesa kuwunika kwa shuga (shuga), pH (acidity), ma ketones, magazi amatsenga (maselo ofiira a magazi ndi hemoglobin) komanso mapuloteni onse a mkodzo (albumin ndi globulins) (Erba Lahema, Czech Republic),
• Uripolian - zimachokera ku Biosensor AN zokhala ndi zizindikiro khumi zomwe zimalola kuwunika kwamikodzo molingana ndi mawonekedwe otsatirawa - shuga, matupi a ketone, magazi apambuyo (erythrocyte, hemoglobin), bilirubin, urobilinogen, kachulukidwe (enieni a mphamvu yapadera), maselo oyera am'magazi, ascorbic acid, mapuloteni onse (albumin ndi ma globulins) ndi acidity (pH),
• Bioscan Glucose Protein pH - Mzere waku Russia wowunikira mkodzo wa glucose, mapuloteni athunthu, acidity (pH).

Cholinga chachikulu cha kuyesa kwa glucose mu mkodzo ndi kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa glucose. Njira ina yodziwira matenda a shuga m'magazi. Njirayi ndiyolondola komanso yophunzitsa, koma magazi athunthu amafunikira kuti awunike.

Zida zotsatirazi zachipatala zilipo poyesa shuga, osafunikira ntchito zama glucometer:

• Mzere wakuyeza kwa Betachek (Betachek No. 50, mateti oyesa a Betachek) - mizera yowoneka yotsimikiza shuga la magazi kuchokera ku NDP, Australia,
• Tchati (Tchati # 50) - Mzere woyesa wa ku Russia wowunika shuga wa magazi kuchokera ku Biosensor AN.

Mitengo yazida zina izi ndiyokwera pang'ono.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kufotokozera mkodzo wa mkodzo

Kufotokozera kwamayendedwe a mayeso a mkodzo patsamba lachipatala cha My Pills ndikuphatikiza pazinthu zomwe zimapezeka kuzinthu zodziwika bwino, mndandanda womwe umapezeka m'gawo la Zolemba ndi "Malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a mkodzo wa glucose"omwe amaperekedwa ndi omwe amapanga ma stround test. Ngakhale kuti kulondola kwa zidziwitso zomwe zalembedwa munkhaniyi "Mayeso oyesa kutsimikiza a shuga mumtsempha" kufufuzidwa ndi akatswiri oyenerera azachipatala, zomwe zalembedwazo ndizongotchulidwira, sichoncho malangizo kwa nokha (osalumikizana ndi katswiri wazachipatala woyenerera, dotolo) wazidziwitso, kuwunika, kusankha njira ndi njira zamankhwala (kuphatikizapo wowerengeka, njira zina, ndi chikhalidwe (kuphatikizapo zokopa alendo)).

Musanagule ndikugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoyesera, muyenera kudziwa bwino zomwe wopanga amagwiritsa ntchito.

Okonza a portal "Mapiritsi Anga" samatsimikizira chowonadi ndi kufunikira kwa zida zomwe zaperekedwa, popeza njira zodziwira, kupewa ndi kuthetsa glucosuria zikupitilizidwa bwino. Kuti mulandire chithandizo chamankhwala chokwanira, muyenera kupangana ndi dokotala, katswiri wazamankhwala woyenera, woyamba endocrinologist.

Zolemba

Zolemba ndi mafotokozedwe a nkhaniyo "Kuyesa kwa ma glucose kutsimikiza kwamkodzo." Kubwerera mpaka mawu omwe alembedwa - dinani nambala yolingana.

• Zowoneka zotupa (zotanthauza) zotayira zoyeserera, zingwe zoyezera zoyeserera - ma reagents asanakonzedwe a labotale omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito papulasitiki kapena papepala.Kuti musasokonezedwe ndi ma strrochemical test strips a glucometer.
• mu vitro"href =" # back_not_2 ">mu vitro , in vitro (kuchokera ku Latin "mu galasi") - kafukufuku womwe wachitika ndi ma cell tizilombo, ma cell kapena ma molekyulu achilengedwe m'malo otetezedwa kunja kwazinthu zawo zachilengedwe, mwa mawu ena - mu vitro - ukadaulo wa zitsanzo kunja chamoyo cholandilidwa kuchokera chamoyo. Chifukwa chake, poyesa kuchuluka kwa glucosuria, mkodzo (ndi shuga, glucose, makamaka, momwemo) ndizoyesa zomwe zimapezeka kuchokera mthupi la munthu, ndipo mawonekedwe owonetsa owonetsa kwa glucosuria ndi chida chodziwira, phunziroli limachitika lokha mu vitro. Chizungu, mawu ofanana mu vitro ndi mawu oti "mugalasi", omwe ayenera kumvetsedwa ngati "mu chubu choyesera galasi." Mwakutero mu vitro Mosiyana ndi mawuwo mu vivokutanthauza kafukufuku pa chamoyo (mkati mwake).
• Endocrinology (kuchokera ku Greek O56, _7, ^ 8, _9, _7, - "mkati", _4, `1, ^ 3, _7,` 9, "ndikuwonetsa" ndi _5, a2, ^ 7, _9, `2, - "Sayansi, mawu") - sayansi yamachitidwe ndi kapangidwe ka tiziwalo ta endocrine (timadzi ta m'magazi a endocrine), mahomoni (zinthu) zopangidwa ndi iwo, njira za kapangidwe kake ndi kachitidwe ka thupi. Endocrinology imaphunziranso matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kukanika kwa endocrine glands, ndikutsata njira zochizira matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi zovuta mu endocrine system. Matenda ofala kwambiri a endocrine ndi matenda ashuga.
• Insulin - mapuloteni okhala ndi chilengedwe cha peptide, omwe amapangidwa m'maselo a beta a pancreatic a Langerhans. Insulin imakhudzanso kagayidwe kachakudya m'zotupa zonse, pomwe ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuchepetsa (shuga) m'magazi. Insulin imawonjezera kupezekanso kwa michere ya plasma ya glucose, imayendetsa michere yofunika ya glycolysis, imalimbikitsa mapangidwe a glycogen mu chiwindi ndi minofu kuchokera ku glucose, ndikuwonjezera kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni ndi mafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imalepheretsa ntchito za ma enzyme omwe amawononga mafuta ndi glycogen.
• Kusinthanitsa mchere wamadzi - njira zingapo zakumwa madzi ndi ma electrolyte (mchere), mayamwidwe awo, amagawa magawo amkati ndi chimbudzi cha thupi. Kusokonezeka kwanthawi yayitali m'madzi amchere wamchere kungathe, pakapita nthawi, kungayambitse kuphwanya kwa acid-base balance, kosonyezedwa kusintha kwa acidity (pH) wa mkodzo. Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mkodzo, ingogulani zingwe za pH.
• Maselo oyera - maselo oyera, gulu lozungulira la maselo amagazi a ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe. Maselo oyera amateteza thupi la munthu ku zochita zakunja ndi zamkati za pathogenic.
• Urina, ochokera ku Latin "urina", mkodzo. Pochita labotale, mkodzo umadziwika kuti mkodzo.
• Minyewa acidity (pH, mkodzo umagwira) - chizindikiro cha hydrogen chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma hydrogen ion mumkodzo wa munthu. Acidity kwamkodzo limasonyeza bwino acid ndi alkali m'thupi.
• Amino zidulo - organic mankhwala, omwe ali zida zomangira mapuloteni, minofu ulusi. Thupi limagwiritsa ntchito ma amino acid chifukwa cha kukula kwake, kulimbikitsa ndi kuchira, kupanga mahomoni osiyanasiyana, ma enzyme ndi ma antibodies.
• Lactate - chopangidwa ma cell metabolism, zotumphukira za lactic acid. Lactate imatha kukhala m'maselo mu mawonekedwe a lactic acid iwo eni, kapena momwe amapangira mchere. Lactate ndiye "mafuta" oyamba ku ubongo ndi ubongo, komanso kwa minofu pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Maselo ofiira, maselo ofiira a magazi ndi mapangidwe am'magazi a m'magazi omwe ntchito yake yayikulu ndikutulutsa mpweya kuchokera m'mapapu kupita kuzinthu zofunikira za thupi ndikuyendetsa kaboni dayokisi kutsogolo.Maselo ofiira amapangika m'mitsempha yamafupa pamaselo ofiira mamiliyoni 2.4 miliyoni sekondi iliyonse.

25% ya maselo onse mthupi la munthu ndi maselo ofiira amwazi.

Polemba zolemba pamizeremizere yoyesera kudziwa shuga (shuga) mkodzo, zida kuchokera kuzidziwitso ndi makanema azachipatala azachipatala, nkhani zam'magazini BiosensorAN.ru, Erbarus.com, Bioscan.su, Norma.Kiev.ua, Pharmasco.com zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magwero , BMJ.com, NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov, DACspectromed.com, Care.Diabetesjournals.org, Wikipedia, malangizo a kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mankhwala amizere wowonetsa mkodzo, ndi zofalitsa zotsatirazi:

• Ota Shuk "Ntchito yophunzira za impso." Avicenum Publishing House, 1975, Prague,
• Philip M. Hanno, S. Bruce Malkovich, Alan J. Wayne "Kuwongolera ku Clinical Urology." Publishing House, 2006, Moscow,
• Okorokov A. N. "Matenda a ziwalo zamkati. Gawo 5. Kuzindikira matenda amtsempha wamagazi. Kuzindikira matenda a impso. " Medical Literature Publishing House, 2009, Moscow,
• Leia Yu. Ya. "Kuunikira pazotsatira zamayesero am magazi ndi mkodzo." Kusindikiza nyumba MEDpress-kudziwitsa, 2009, Moscow,
• Henry M. Cronenberg, Shlomo Melmed, Kenneth S. Polonsky, P. Reed Larsen, "Matenda a shuga ndi matenda a carbohydrate metabolism". Reed Elsiver Publishing House, 2010, Moscow,
• Potyavina E.V., Vershinina S.F. "England chithokomiro. Mavuto a oncological ndi njira zowathetsera. Dokotala Wabanja. " Kusindikiza nyumba "Vector", 2010, St. Petersburg,
• Dedov I., Shestakova M. “Matenda a shuga. Zizindikiro Chithandizo. Kupewa ". Publishing House, 2011, Moscow,
• Romanova E. “Matenda a impso. Mankhwala othandiza. ”Nyumba ya AST Publishing, 2011, Moscow,
• Kishkun A. "Upangiri wothandizira njira zowunika matenda." Kusindikiza nyumba "GEOTAR-Media", 2014, Moscow,
• Kamyshnikov V., Volotovskaya O., Khodyukova A., Dalnova T., Vasiliu-Svetlitskaya S., Zubovskaya E., Alekhnovich L. "Njira zakufufuza zamankhwala zasayansi". Kusindikiza nyumba "MEDpress-kudziwitsa", 2015, Moscow.

Ubwino wa Mizere yoyesera

Mizere yamakono yodziwira matenda mofulumira imakupatsani mwayi wopenda mkodzo watsiku ndi tsiku ndikuzindikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'gawo la theka la ora. Ndikofunika kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo a maulande kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola.

Chimodzi mwamaubwino akuluakulu ogwiritsira ntchito mzere wopangira ndi kuthekera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa glucose popanda maphunziro azachipatala ndi luso. Zingwe zotere ndizosavuta komanso zosavuta, kugwiritsa ntchito.

Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo komaso ndi machubu osindikizika, mathete akhoza kutengedwa nanu panjira, kuyesedwa kumatha kuchitika paliponse ngati pakufunika, kuti mupeze vuto lanu ndikumwa mankhwalawa panthawi yake (kwa odwala matenda ashuga). Izi zikutanthauza kuti simungathe kudalira mabungwe azachipatala, konzani maulendo anu, ufulu kuyenda.

Zimakhala zovuta kuti wodwala azilembera ku chipatala nthawi zonse, kuti adzaimirire mzere wobwereza pokonzekera kuyesa kwamkodzo. Kuzindikira panyumba kumakupatsani mwayi wofufuza momwe muliri, kuti m'tsogolo, ngati kuli kofunikira, funsani dokotala, tengani mankhwalawa panthawi, ndi zina zambiri. Kusavuta kwa kuwunika mwachangu kwakhala kukuthokozedwa kuyambira kale ndi anthu omwe amafunikira kuyang'anira shuga mumkodzo.

Kodi matenda ndi chiyani?

Zosokoneza pakugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zina zamkati mwa munthu zimatha kusokoneza kupanga kwa insulin. Ndi kuchuluka kwake kosakwanira, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikuchepa. Panthawi imeneyi kudziwa mayendedwe amtunduwu kumapangitsa mayeso a matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri, odwala amaphunzira za matenda awo mwamwayi. Ndipo ngati mumabwereza maphunziro ngati amenewo nthawi zambiri, ndiye kuti mutha kukhalanso ndi thanzi.

Zizindikiro Za Matenda A shuga

Ndi matenda amtundu woyamba, Zizindikiro zimawoneka modzidzimutsa, kwa mtundu wachiwiri, kukula kwawo kosalekeza kumadziwika. Poyambirira, gulu lowopsa limapangidwa ndi achinyamata ndi ana. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyesedwa magazi ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga ngati:

• Nthawi zambiri ludzu losatha
• Pali chimbudzi nthawi zambiri, kukodza kumachulukitsa,
• Thupi lili ndi kufooka kopanda tanthauzo,
• Kuchepetsa kwambiri thupi.

Ana omwe makolo awo amadwala matendawa amakhalanso pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga. Makamaka ngati mwana wabadwa ndi kulemera kwama gramu opitilira 4500, ndi kuchepetsedwa chitetezo chokwanira, matenda a metabolic kapena zakudya zoperewera. Chifukwa chake, ana otere ayenera kupendedwa ndi dokotala pafupipafupi.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri umakhudzidwa ndi amayi omwe adutsa zaka 45. Makamaka ngati atakhala kuti alibe ntchito, amakhala onenepa komanso operewera. Anthu omwe ali mgululi amayenera kuyesedwa nthawi ndi nthawi chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Ndipo musazengereze ngati mwayamba kuzindikira:

• Kuchuluka kwa zala
• Kuyabwa
• Zotupa pakhungu
• Pakamwa pokhazikika pouma.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa zizindikirozi kumatha kuchitika nthawi yomweyo. Belu linanso lowopsa pamayeso limakhala kuchititsa kuzizidwa pafupipafupi.

Chifukwa chiyani ndiyenera kuyesedwa?

Kufufuza zamatenda a shuga kuyenera kuchitika. The endocrinologist amatumiza yotumiza mayeso, ndipo amathandizanso kudziwa koyambira. Kafukufukuyu amachitika pazolinga izi:

• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa matenda
• Kuwunika momwe zosinthika zikusinthira,
• Kuwunika thanzi la impso ndi kapamba,
• Kudziyang'anira wekha wamagazi,
• Kusankha kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin ya jakisoni,
• Tanthauzo la zovuta ndi kuchuluka kwa momwe akupita patsogolo.

Amayi oyembekezera ayenera kuyezetsa omwe akuwaganizira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kupatula apo, izi zitha kukhudza thanzi la mwana komanso kuthekera “kwa” kupereka nthawi yoyenera. Atalandira zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, ngati pakufunika kutero, njira ya chithandizo yamunthu imasankhidwa kapena kupangana kumapangidwira kuwongolera kwina.

Ndi kuyezetsa magazi kotani komwe kuyenera kuchitika?

Ngati mukukayikira kuti matenda a shuga akupanga, kapena muli pachiwopsezo, ndiye muyenera kudziwa ziyeso zomwe zikuyenera kudutsidwa. Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa zotsatira:

1. Kusanthula kwa zamankhwala m'magazi a shuga. Pamitengo yoposa 5.5 mmol / L, kuwunika kwachiwiri kumachitika monga momwe adanenera ndi endocrinologist.
2. Glycated hemoglobin mayeso.
3. Kusanthula kwa C-peptides.
4. Kuyesedwa kwa shuga - Mayeso a kulolera a glucose (GTT).
5. Kuyesedwa kwa matenda am'mbuyomu a shuga.

Ngati pali matenda kapena kukayikira kwa chitukuko chake, mayeso a matenda a shuga amaperekedwa miyezi iwiri iliyonse. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwone kusintha kwa thupi. Ndipo, choyambirira, kuti mudziwe ngati matendawa ali ndi mphamvu zoyambira.

Kupenda kwazinthu zam'thupi

Kuyesedwa kwamwazi kumathandizira kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa shuga mu venous. Ngati Zizindikiro zake zikupitilira 7 mmol / l, ndiye izi zikuwonetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Kusanthula kwamtunduwu kumakhazikitsidwa nthawi 1 pachaka, kotero wodwalayo ayenera kudziwongolera yekha ndipo azifunsa adotolo pakuchepa kochepera.

Biochemistry amathanso kuzindikira matenda ashuga ndikusintha maumboni ena: cholesterol (yokwezeka pakadwala), fructose (okwera), triglycides (yokwezeka), mapuloteni (otsitsidwa). Chisamaliro chachikulu chimaperekedwa ku zomwe zili ndi insulin: kwa matenda amtundu wa 1 amatsitsidwa, pomwe 2 - ikuwonjezeka kapena ili m'malire apamwamba kwambiri.

Mayeso a kulolera a glucose

Mukamayang'ana odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumachitika. Ndi iyo, mutha kuzindikira zovuta zobisika pakugwira ntchito kwa kapamba ndipo, chifukwa chake, mumakumana ndi zovuta za thupi. Zizindikiro zakusankhidwa kwa GTT ndi:

1. Mavuto a kuthamanga kwa magazi,
2. Kulemera kwambiri kwa thupi
3. Ovary Polycystic,
4. Shuga wamkulu mwa amayi apakati
5. Matenda a chiwindi
6. Kutalika kwakanthawi kwa mahomoni
7. Kukula kwa matenda a periodontal.

Kuti mumve bwino pazomwe mwapeza, ndikofunikira kukonzekera bwino mayeso anu. Pakupita masiku atatu njira iyi yodziwira matenda ashuga, simungasinthe pa zomwe mumadya. Tsiku lisanafike mayeso, mudzaperekanso zakumwa zoledzeretsa, ndipo patsiku la mayeso, simuyenera kusuta fodya kapena kumwa khofi.

Pewani zochitika zomwe zimakupangitsani thukuta kwambiri. Osasintha kuchuluka kwamadzi amadzimadzi amowa tsiku lililonse. Kuyesa koyamba kumachitika m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Zotsatirazi zimachitika mutatenga madzi ndi shuga wosungunuka mkati mwake. Kuyeza kumabwerezedwa kangapo kangapo pafupipafupi.

Zotsatira zonse zalembedwa, ndipo zimatheka. Ngati chizindikiro cha shuga chinali 7.8 mmol / L, ndiye kuti zonse zili bwino. Ngati zotsatirazi zikugwirizana kuchokera pa 7.8 mpaka 11.1 mmol / l, ndiye kuti muli ndi boma la matenda ashuga - pali zovuta mu kagayidwe kachakudya. Chilichonse pamtunda wa 11.1 mmol / L - chikuwonetsa bwino matenda.

Glycated Hemoglobin Assay

Maphunziro amtunduwu amakulolani kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi miyezi itatu yapitayo. Malinga, kubwereza kwake kubwereza ndi miyezi itatu. Kuyesedwa kwa matenda ashuawa kumatha kuzindikira koyambira koyambirira. Muyeneranso kukonzekera ndime yake:

1. Kuchita lendi pamimba yopanda kanthu.
2. 2 masiku isanachitike yobereka sayenera kulowetsedwa kulowetsedwa.
3. 3 masiku asanakwane tsiku lobala sayenera kutaya magazi kwambiri

Kuti mupeze zotsatirazi, zomwe zapezedwa mu kuchuluka kwake zimafaniziridwa ndi index ya hemoglobin. Ngati zotsatira zake zili mgulu la 4.5-6.5%, ndiye kuti muli bwino. Ngati kuchuluka kwake kukuchokera pa 6 mpaka 6.5, ndiye kuti iyi ndi gawo la prediabetes. Chilichonse pamwambapa ndi matenda.

Katswiri wa C-peptides

Kuyesedwa kotere kwa matenda ashuga kumatha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zowononga kapamba, zomwe zimakhudzidwa mwachindunji pakupanga insulin. Zizindikiro za mtundu uwu wamaphunziro ndi:

• Kupezeka kwa shuga mumkodzo,
• Kuwonetsedwa kwamankhwala a shuga,
• Chochita kukonzekera
• Maonekedwe a zizindikiro za matendawa panthawi yomwe muli ndi pakati.

Asanawunikidwe, vitamini C, Aspirin, mahomoni ndi njira zakulera sayenera kumwa. Kuyesaku kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Nthawi yosala patsogolo pake iyenera kukhala osachepera maola 10. Patsiku la mayeso, mumangomwa madzi okha. Osasuta fodya, osadya. Chizindikiro cha zotsatira zabwinobwino ndizosintha kuyambira 298 mpaka 1324 pmol / L. Ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu 2, Zizindikiro ndizokwera. Chilichonse pansipa chimanena za matenda amtundu woyamba. Mitengo yotsika imatha kuonedwanso panthawi ya insulin.

Kuyesedwa kwa Magazi ku Matenda Atsopano

Phunziroli limachitika m'magawo angapo. Poyamba pa izi, matenda amtunduwu amachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Nthawi yolimbikitsidwa yatha kuyambira chakudya chomaliza, maola 8. Nthawi iyi imaperekedwa kuti kukhazikika kwa glucose.

Miyezo yamkati yokhazikika ili mpaka 100 mg / dl, ndipo pamaso pa matenda - 126 mg / dl. Chifukwa chake, chilichonse chomwe chili pamtunduwu chikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga am'mbuyomu. Gawo lotsatirali, mayesowo amachitika mutamwa madzi a 200 ml ndi shuga wosakanizika. Zotsatira zitha kupezeka mu maola angapo.

Zowonjezerazo zidzakhala mulingo mpaka 140 mg / dl, ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a latent mellitus pamitengo kuyambira 140 mpaka 200 mg / dl. Kuti muwonetsetse ngati ali ndi matenda omwe adalandira, adotolo amafufuza mayeso owonjezera a matenda ashuga, amayenera kupatsiridwa kuti awonetsetse kuti zochulukazo ndizabwinobwino.

Ndi mayeso ati a mkodzo omwe amayenera kumwedwa?

Mukatsatira zomwe zili kale, ndiye kuti mkodzo mwa munthu wathanzi, shuga sangapezeke, sayenera kukhalapo. Pofufuza, makamaka mkodzo wam'mawa kapena mkodzo wa tsiku ndi tsiku umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukazindikira, zotsatira zomwe zimapezeka zimaganiziridwa:

1. Mendulo mkodzo Ngati munthu ali wathanzi, ndiye kuti pasakhale shuga mumkodzo konse. Ngati gawo losanthula linawonetsa shuga, ndiye kuti kusanthula tsiku ndi tsiku kuyenera kubwezeretsedwanso.
2. Mkodzo wa tsiku ndi tsiku umakupatsani mwayi wokhazikitsa matendawa komanso kuopsa kwake kwa shuga mu mkodzo.

Mukamalemba mtundu wamtunduwu kusanachitike, sikulimbikitsidwa kudya tomato, beets, malalanje, ma tangerine, mandimu, mphesa, kaloti, buckwheat ndi dzungu. Zizindikiro zowunikira tsiku ndi tsiku, zowonadi, ndizothandiza kwa dokotala. Po sonkhanitsa zinthu, malamulo onse ndi malingaliro ayenera kutsatiridwa.

Kupenda Kwambiri (m'mawa)

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kuyenera kuchitika pamikhalidwe inayake. Mofananamo, malamulo ena amayenera kutsatiridwa mukamatenga mkodzo. Nthawi zambiri, pamawu awa shuga omwe amayenera kukhala ndi zero. Amaloledwa mpaka 0,8 mol pa lita imodzi ya mkodzo. Chilichonse choposa mtengo wake chimawonetsa matenda. Kukhalapo kwa shuga mumkodzo kumatchedwa glucosuria.

Mimbulu iyenera kusungidwa mu chidebe choyera kapena chosadetsa. Musanasonkhanitse, muyenera kutsuka maliseche anu. Gawo wamba liyenera kutengedwa ndikafukufuku. Zida ziyenera kulandiridwa mu labotale mkati mwa maola 1.5.

Kusanthula tsiku ndi tsiku

Ngati pakufunika kumveketsa bwino zotsatira za kusanthula kwakanthawi kapena kutsimikizira zomwe zapezeka, adotolo azikupangitsani kuti mupezeke mkodzo wina tsiku lililonse. Gawo loyamba mutadzuka silikumbukiridwa. Kuyambira kuyambira pokonzekera kwachiwiri, sonkhanitsani zonse mkati mwa tsiku limodzi mumtsuko umodzi wouma ndi wopanda pake.

Sungani zinthu zonse m'firiji. Mmawa wotsatira mumasakaniza kuti mufanizire zisonyezo kuzungulira voliyumu, kutsanulira 200 ml mu chidebe choyera choyera ndikunyamula kuti mukayesedwe.

Kodi impso zimawonongeka bwanji mu shuga?

Kuyeretsa magazi kuchokera ku zinyalala kumachitika kudzera mu fyuluta ya impso yapadera.

Udindo wake umachitika ndi aimpso glomeruli.

Magazi ochokera ku ziwiya zozungulira glomeruli amadutsa akapanikizika.

Madzi ndi michere yambiri zimabwezedwa, ndipo zinthu za metabolic kudzera mwa ma ureters ndi chikhodzodzo zimachotsedwa.

Kuphatikiza pa kuyeretsa magazi, impso zimagwira ntchito zofunika motere:

1. Kupanga kwa erythropoietin, komwe kumakhudza kapangidwe ka magazi.
2. Mapangidwe a renin, omwe amawongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi.
3. Kuwongolera kusinthana kwa calcium ndi phosphorous, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pakupanga minofu ya mafupa.

Magazi a m'magazi amachititsa kuti glycation ipangidwe. Kwa iwo, ma antibodies amayamba kupangidwa mthupi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi izi zimachitika, kuwerengera kwa mapulosi kumakwera m'magazi ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono am magazi.

Mapuloteni omwe ali mu mawonekedwe a glycated amatha kutuluka mu impso, ndipo kuwonjezereka kumathandizira izi. Mapuloteni amadziunjikira pamakoma a capillaries komanso pakati pawo pamatumbo a impso. Zonsezi zimakhudza kupezeka kwa ma capillaries.

M'magazi a odwala matenda a shuga mumakhala kuchuluka kwa shuga, komwe, kudutsa glomerulus, kumatenga madzimadzi ambiri nawo. Izi zimawonjezera kukakamizidwa mkati mwa glomerulus. Mlingo wa kusefera kwa glomerular ukuwonjezeka. Pa gawo loyambirira la shuga, limachulukana, kenako pang'onopang'ono limayamba kugwa.

Mtsogolomo, chifukwa chachulukirachulukira pa impso ndi matenda ashuga, ena mwa glomeruli satha kupirira kuthama ndikufa. Izi zimadzetsa kutsika kwa kuyeretsedwa kwa magazi ndi kukula kwa zizindikiro za kulephera kwa impso.

Impso zimakhala ndi glomeruli yambiri, motero njirayi imayamba pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zizindikiro zoyambirira za kuwonongeka kwa impso mu shuga nthawi zambiri zimapezeka osapitilira zaka zisanu kuyambira chiyambi cha matenda. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Kufooka Kwakukulu, kufupika kwa mphamvu pakulimbitsidwa pang'ono.
• Lethargy ndi kugona.
• Kutumphuka kwamiyendo kosalekeza ndi m'maso.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• Dontho la shuga m'magazi.
• Kusanza, kusanza.
• Mpando wosakhazikika womwe umasinthanitsa kudzimbidwa ndi matenda otsegula m'mimba.
• Minofu ya ng'ombe imakhala yopweteka, mwendo kukokana, makamaka madzulo.
• Kusenda khungu.
• Kulawa kwazitsulo mkamwa.
• Pakhoza kukhala fungo la mkodzo kuchokera mkamwa.

Khungu limakhala lotumbululuka, ndi chikasu chachikasu kapena chofiyira.

Laborator matenda kuwonongeka kwa impso

ShugaManWomenSomenShuga yanu kapena sankhani jenda kuti mupeze ndemangaLevel0.58 Kuyang'ana osapezedwaTchulani zaka za manAge45 KusakaNot anapezaYambirani zaka za mkaziAge45

Kudziwitsa kwa kuchuluka kwa kusefedwa kwa glomerular (mayeso a Reberg). Kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mkodzo womwe umatulutsidwa pamphindi, mkodzo wa tsiku ndi tsiku umasonkhanitsidwa. Ndikofunikira kudziwa nthawi yeniyeni yomwe kusungitsa mkodzo kunachitika. Ndiye, kuchuluka kwa kusefedwa kumawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira.

Mulingo wabwinobwino wa ntchito ya impso umaposa 90 ml pamphindi, mpaka 60 ml - ntchito imachepa pang'ono, mpaka 30 - kuwonongeka kwa impso. Ngati liwiro likugwera mpaka 15, ndiye kuti kupezeka kwa matenda aimpso kumachitika.

Kusanthula kwa mkodzo kwa albumin. Albumin ndi ochepa kwambiri mwa mapuloteni onse omwe amafotokozedwa mu mkodzo. Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa microalbuminuria mkodzo kumatanthauza kuti impso zowonongeka. Albuminuria imayamba ndi nephropathy odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, imadziwonetseranso ndi kuwopsa kwa kulowerera kwa myocardial ndi stroke.

Matenda a albumin mumkodzo ndi 20 mg / l, mpaka 200 mg / l amapezeka ndi microalbuminuria, oposa 200 - macroalbuminuria komanso kuwonongeka kwambiri kwa impso.

Kuphatikiza apo, albuminuria imatha kupezeka ndi kubereka kwa glucose, matenda a autoimmune, matenda oopsa.Zitha kuyambitsa kutupa, miyala ya impso, cysts, aakulu glomerulonephritis.

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa impso mu shuga, muyenera kuchita kafukufuku:

1. Kuyesa kwa magazi pa biochemical kwa creatinine.
2. Chizindikiro cha glomerular kusefera mlingo.
3. Kusanthula kwa mkodzo kwa albumin.
4. Urinalysis wa creatinine.
5. Kuyesa kwa magazi kwa creatinine. Zotsatira zomaliza za mapuloteni a metabolin ndi creatinine. Milingo ya Creatinine imatha kuwonjezeka ndi kuchepa kwa impso komanso kusakwanira kuyeretsa magazi. Pa matenda a impso, creatinine amatha kuchulukirachulukira.

Makhalidwe abwinobwino azimayi amachokera pa 53 mpaka 106 micromol / l, kwa amuna kuchokera pa 71 mpaka 115 micromol / l.

4. Kusanthula kwa mkodzo kwa creatinine. Creatinine kuchokera pagazi amamuchotsera impso. Ngati aimpso ntchito, ndi chidwi kwambiri zolimbitsa thupi, matenda, kudya makamaka zopangidwa nyama, matenda endocrine, kuchuluka kwa creatinine.

Mulingo wofikira mmol patsiku kwa akazi ndi 5.3-15.9, kwa amuna 7.1-17.7.

Kuunikira kwa kafukufuku m'maphunzirowa kumapangitsa kuwonetseratu: ndizotheka bwanji kuti impso zalephera komanso pamlingo wotani matenda a impso (CKD). Kuzindikira koteroko ndikofunikira chifukwa zovuta kwambiri zamankhwala zimayamba kuonekera pang'onopang'ono pomwe kusintha kwa impso sikungasinthe.

Albuminuria imawonekera koyamba, kotero ngati chithandizo chayamba, ndiye kuti kulephera kwaimpso kumatha kupewedwa.

Limagwirira a shuga mumkodzo

Mkodzo m'thupi umapangidwa ndi kusefa magazi ndi impso. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimatengera momwe kagayidwe kachakudya kali, ntchito ya aimpso tubules ndi glomeruli, pakumwa ndi zakudya zamagulu.

Poyamba, mkodzo woyamba umapangidwa momwe mulibe maselo am'magazi kapena mamolekyulu akuluakulu. Kenako, zinthu zakupha ziyenera kuthetsedwa ndi mkodzo wachiwiri, ndipo ma amino acid, glucose, ndi zinthu zofunika kuziwunika zimayambiranso magazi.

Kwa shuga, pali gawo lovuta lazomwe zili m'magazi, pomwe sizimalowa mkodzo. Amadziwika kuti cholowa chaimpso. Kwa munthu wathanzi labwino, izi ndi 9-10 mmol / l, ndipo ndi ukalamba, cholowa chaimpso chimatha kutsika. Mwa ana osaposa zaka 12, msambowu ndi 10-12 mmol / L.

Kuphwanya kwa kulowereranso sikumakhudzidwa ndi glucose wambiri m'magazi, komanso chifukwa cha kusefa kwa impso, motero, mu matenda, makamaka nephropathy, glucose amatha kuwonekera mkodzo ndi magazi abwinobwino.

Physiological Glucosuria

ShugaManWomenSomenShuga yanu kapena sankhani jenda kuti mupeze ndemangaLevel0.58 Kuyang'ana osapezedwaTchulani zaka za manAge45 KusakaNot anapezaYambirani zaka za mkaziAge45

Nthawi zambiri, shuga amatha kuwonekera mkodzo ndi chakudya chambiri cham'madzi ndi chakudya, yambiri ya caffeine, komanso kupanikizika kwambiri, pambuyo povutitsa thupi. Zolemba zoterezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazifupi ndipo, ndikawerengeka mobwerezabwereza, urinalysis imawonetsa kusowa kwa shuga.

Corticosteroids, thiazide diuretics, anabolics, estrogens amathanso kuyambitsa glucosuria osakhalitsa. Atasiya kumwa mankhwalawa, shuga mumkodzo amabwerera mwakale.

Maonekedwe a shuga mkodzo amawonedwa mwa amayi apakati wachitatu trimester. Amayi otere amafunika mayeso owonjezera a labotale kuti apewe matenda a shuga. Popanda kubadwa pambuyo pobadwa, glucosuria amachoka popanda kufufuza.

Cholinga chophwanya kagayidwe kazakudya kwa amayi apakati ndikumasulidwa kwa mahomoni a placenta omwe amachita mosiyana ndi insulin.Nthawi yomweyo, kukana insulini kumayamba, ndipo khungu lake limakulirakulirabe. Zizindikiro zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi shuga wambiri ndi glucosuria zimaphatikizapo:

• Kuchulukitsa chilakolako ndi ludzu.
• Matenda amchiberekero
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• Kukodza pafupipafupi.

Amatha kukhala chiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga.

Gululi limakhala ndi azimayi omwe ali ndi pathupi, mwana wosabadwa m'mbuyomu, omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo chamatenda a shuga komanso onenepa kwambiri.

Glucosuria mu matenda a impso

Matenda a shuga ndi njira yomwe imabweza m'maso shuga m'matumbo a impso, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda a impso. Ndi aimpso glucosuria, shuga mu mkodzo akhoza kukhala wabwinobwino glycemia.

Nthawi yomweyo, kugundika kwa impso kumachepa, imatha kupezeka mumkodzo ngakhale ndi hypoglycemia. Glucosuria imeneyi imawonedwa kwambiri mwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nalo ndipo amatchedwa pulayimasoni a impso.

Amaphatikizaponso: Fanconi syndrome, momwe kapangidwe ka matumbo a impso amasokonekera ndi matenda apakati a impso, pomwe minofu ya impso imawonongeka. Matenda oterewa amatsogolera pakuwonekera kwa mapuloteni mumkodzo komanso pH yayikulu ya mkodzo.

Glucosuria yachiwiri imawonekera m'mikhalidwe yotere:

• Nephrosis
• Matenda a glomerulonephritis.
• Nephrotic syndrome.
• Kulephera kwina.
• Glomerulosclerosis mu shuga.

M'matenda a impso, mkodzo umakhala ndi mphamvu inayake yochepa; maselo ofiira, maselo oyera, ndi mapuloteni amatsimikizika.

Glucosuria mu shuga

Ndi kupatula kwa aimpso matenda, matenda a pituitary ndi chithokomiro England, adrenal glands, titha kulingalira kuti kuwoneka kwa shuga mumkodzo kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa magazi ake mu shuga mellitus.

M'matumbo a impso, mayamwidwe a glucose amapezeka ndi gawo la enzyme hexokinase, lomwe limayambitsa nawo gawo la insulin, motero, ndi kuperewera kwathunthu kwa insulin, cholowa cha aimpso chimachepa, motero, mwa odwala matenda a shuga 1, kuchuluka kwa glucosuria sikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Ndi chitukuko cha zovuta za matenda a shuga mellitus mu njira ya matenda ashuga nephropathy, minyewa yabwinobwino ya impso imaloŵedwa ndi minofu yolumikizana, chifukwa chake, ngakhale ndi shuga wambiri, sipezeka mkodzo.

Nthawi zambiri matenda a shuga mellitus ndi kupezeka kwa shuga mumkodzo wa wodwala, munthu akhoza kuwunika bwino chifukwa chobwezerera shuga, mawonekedwe ake ndi chidziwitso chobwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga kapena insulin kumtunda.

Mu shuga mellitus, shuga, chifukwa cha kukopa kwamadzimadzi kuchokera ku minofu, amayambitsa zotsatirazi zakusowa kwamadzi:

• Kufunika kowonjezereka kwa madzi, kovuta kuthetsa ludzu.
• Pakamwa pakamwa ndi shuga.
• Kuchulukitsa pokodza.
• Khungu lowuma komanso zimagwira pakhungu.
• Kuchepera kufooka.

Kuwonongeka kwa glucose mu mkodzo pomwe sikutheka kumamwa ndi minofu kumabweretsa chifukwa chakuti chakudya chamafuta sichitha kukhala gwero lamphamvu, monga mthupi lathanzi. Chifukwa chake, odwala, ngakhale ali ndi chidwi chambiri, amakhala ochepa thupi.

Mthupi, ndikusowa kwa glucose m'maselo, matupi a ketone omwe ali ndi poizoni ku ubongo amayamba kupanga.

Kodi kuwunika kwa mkodzo mu mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa odwala ashuga kumawonetsa chiyani?

30-40% ya anthu omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga amakhala ndi vuto la impso ndi kwamikodzo.

Nthawi zambiri, odwala oterewa amawonetsa pyelonephritis, nephropathy, cystitis, ketoacidosis.

Popeza matenda ena omwe atchulidwa ali ndi nthawi yayitali, samapezeka nthawi. Urinalysis ndi njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo yomwe adokotala amatha kuwona kuti kagayidwe kachakudya ka zinthu mthupi kamadwala.

Kuphatikiza apo, ataphunzira zotsatira za mayeso a labotale, adotolo amatha kutsata mosataya nthawi iliyonse mthupi lomwe limayambitsidwa chifukwa choti shuga ya wodwalayo imakwezedwa.

Kuyesa kwa mkodzo kwa matenda a shuga kumaperekedwa katatu:

• carbohydrate metabolism matenda adapezeka koyamba,
• anakonza zowunikira njira yamankhwala komanso momwe wodwalayo alili.
• kumveketsa kwamomwepo matendawa mukupezeka zizindikiro zowopsa: kudumpha kulemera kwa thupi, kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa glucose, kuchepa kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, ndi zina zambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunikirako kumatha kuperekedwa nthawi iliyonse komanso mwakufuna kwanu.

Mtundu wa mkodzo wa matenda ashuga

Nthawi zambiri, mkodzo wa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga umakhala wotuwa komanso wamadzi.

Pamaso pa concomitant pathologies, mtundu ungasinthe.

Mwachitsanzo, pakadutsa matenda mu kwamikodzo, kayendedwe ka matumbo kamatha kukhala kovuta komanso kwamdima, ndi hematuria, mkodzo nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi timabowo tofiyira, ndipo mkodzo woderako umakhala ndi matenda a chiwindi.

Kusintha kulikonse kwamtundu wamatsenga kuyenera kukhala chenjezo, makamaka kwa anthu omwe sanadwale ndi matenda aliwonse kale.

Mkodzo wa munthu wathanzi uyenera kukhala wautali kuchokera wachikasu chowala (amber) kupita ku chikasu (udzu) pang'ono.

Glucose, mapuloteni ena okhala mkodzo ndi matenda a shuga

Popeza impso za odwala matenda ashuga sangathe kugwira shuga ambiri mthupi, shuga wowonjezera amalowa mkodzo.

Tifotokozereni kuti shuga sayenera kukhala mkodzo la munthu wathanzi.

Nthawi zambiri wodwala amakhala ndi ludzu, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kwa mitsempha kumatha kukwera mpaka malita atatu patsiku. Limbikirani kukodza, monga lamulo, kufulumizitsidwa. Chizindikiro china chofunikira kwambiri chowunikira ndi protein.

Zolemba zake siziyenera kupitirira 8 mg / dl kapena 0,033 g / l patsiku. Ngati chizolowezicho chidapitilira, izi zikuwonetsa kuti ntchito yosefa impso imalephera.

Matupi a Ketone nthawi zambiri amapezeka mumkodzo wa odwala matenda ashuga (anthu athanzi sayenera kukhala nawo). Amapangidwa pakakonzedwa mafuta m'malo osowa insulini. Ngati mulingo wa matupi a ketone adakwezedwa, izi zimabweretsa chiwopsezo ku thanzi la munthu.

Kukhalapo kwa mapuloteni, matupi a ketone ndi glucose mu mkodzo ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika kuti wodwala akudwala matenda a shuga. Koma kupatuka kuzizolowereka ndizotheka ndi matenda ena, kuphatikiza pakuwunika mkodzo, maphunziro owonjezera amachitika.

Zosintha pamayendedwe am'mimba mu odwala matenda ashuga

Matope a urine amasanthula pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a microscopic.

Pakusanthula ntchito, kupangika kwamkodzo kwamkaka kumayesedwa. Zotsalazo zimaphatikizapo mchere, ma epithelial cell, mabakiteriya, ma cylinders, komanso ma cell oyera am'magazi komanso maselo ofiira amwazi.

Urine sediment microscopy ndimayeso owerengera okha omwe amaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kuwonjezera pa kuyesa kwamkodzo kwamkodzo. Cholinga: kuphunzira momwe impso imagwirira ntchito, komanso kuwonetsetsa momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira.

Pa ma microscopy otsogolera ukodzo patebulo:

Zochulukirapo zikuwonetsa kuti dongosolo la kwamikodzo silikuyenda bwino. Kuzindikira komaliza kumatha kupangidwa ndi dokotala.

Mphamvu yayikulu yamkodzo mu shuga

Chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsa kuthekera kwa impso kukhazikika mumkodzo. Mphamvu yoyenera yokhazikika kwa munthu wamkulu imayenera kukhala m'magulu otsatirawa: 1.010-1.025.

Ngati kachulukidwe ka mkodzo kamakhala kocheperako, izi zitha kutanthauza matenda a shuga, kusakhazikika kwa mahomoni kapena matenda a impso.

Chizindikiro cha overestimated sichingasonyeze osati matenda a shuga okha, komanso matenda a mtima ndi impso, kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, shuga kapena poizoni m'thupi.

Fungo la acetone

Ngati kukodza kumaphatikizidwa ndikuwoneka ngati fungo la acetone, ichi ndi chizindikiro chowopsa chomwe chingasonyeze kuti wodwalayo wakula ketoacidosis.

Ndi zovuta za shuga izi, thupi limawononga mafuta ake omwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma ketoni, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu.

Ndi kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, mkodzo umayamba kununkha kwa acetone. Vutoli limafunikira chithandizo cham'tsogolo, chifukwa limawopseza chikomokere ndi imfa.

Osayesa kuthana ndi fungo la acetone nokha. Pakangodutsa masiku ochepa kuchokera ku mawonekedwe ake, mutha kudwala, chifukwa chake, ngati chizindikiro chofananacho chikuwonekera, muyenera kufunsa dokotala mwachangu.

Mchere wa shuga mu shuga

Ndi matenda a shuga, vuto limabuka chifukwa chophwanya shuga kagayidwe. Izi ndichifukwa chakusowa kwa thupi lomwe limatulutsa timadzi tambiri totchedwa ma insulin. Pachifukwa ichi, glucose owonjezera amamuchotsa kudzera mu impso kudzera mkodzo. Chifukwa chake, shuga wowonjezera mumkodzo amadziwika nthawi zonse.

Ngati shuga mumkodzo wapezeka pamlingo wambiri wa 1 mmol, ndiye izi zikuwonetsa kusowa kwathunthu kwa matenda ashuga. Ngati Zizindikiro zikuyambira 1 mpaka 3 mmol, pali kusintha kwamomwe mumatha kulolerana ndi shuga. Ngati oposa 3 mmol, ndiye izi zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga. Mwakutero, uku ndiye chikhalidwe cha shuga mu mkodzo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Ngati chizindikirocho chimaposa 10 mmol / l, ndiye kuti ili kale ndi vuto kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Kodi shuga mumkodzo ndi owopsa bwanji kwa odwala matenda ashuga?

Kupezeka kwa glycosuria mu matenda a shuga kumayambitsa zovuta izi:

• kudalira insulini, ndiye kuti, mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawo umasandulika woyamba,
• chisokonezo mu minofu ya mtima, arrhythmia,
• matenda ashuga komanso nephropathy,
• kusefukira, kukomoka,
• aimpso ndi kulephera kwa mtima,
• matenda amiseche muubongo,
• ketoacidosis ndi polyuria.

Zimayambitsa shuga mkodzo

Mitsempha imawonekera pakukasefedwa kwa magazi m'm impso. Chifukwa chake, mapangidwe a mkodzo amatengera momwe magwiridwe amphamvu a impso ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati pali shuga wambiri, ndiye kuti njira yozungulira yoyeserera imayesa kuyimitsa payekha kuchokera ku ziwiya. Chifukwa chake, shuga amatulutsidwa mkodzo pakapangidwe kake. Kuphatikiza pa matenda ashuga, momwe glucose samapangidwira ndi insulin chifukwa sikokwanira, palinso zifukwa zina zowonjezera shuga mu mkodzo:

• mankhwala, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwa impso,
• chibadwire
• kulephera kwa mahomoni
• mimba
• kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi ndipo, makamaka, kuzunza khofi.
• kuledzera kwamthupi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso psychotropic,
• kupsinjika kwakukulu kumayambitsa kutulutsa shuga mu mkodzo,
• zina zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zidakulirakulira,
• kuwotcha kwakukulu
• kulephera kwa aimpso.

Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwamkodzo kumatha kupangitsa kuti insulini ipangike, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa mahomoni.

Glycosuria (aka glucosuria) amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwakuthwa kwa glucose mumkodzo wa munthu. Izi ndizowopsa makamaka kwa matenda ashuga a mitundu yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Chifukwa chachikulu chopangitsa matenda amenewa kukhala ndi matenda ashuga ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi am'magazi komanso kulephera kupereka shuga m'maselo.

Glycosuria imapezeka mosavuta ndikuyesa mkodzo wa shuga.

Kuchokera kanemayu mutha kudziwa mwatsatanetsatane kuti glucosuria ndi chiyani komanso zifukwa zake zikukula.

Zizindikiro za glycosuria mwa akazi ndi amuna

Chithunzi cha chipatala chokhala ndi shuga wambiri mumkodzo chimadziwika ndi zotere:

• ludzu losalekeza lomwe silingakhutitsidwe
• kukodza pafupipafupi
• mucous nembanemba zamkamwa,
• kufooka kwa thupi komanso kutopa msanga,
• syndromes kupweteka kwa minofu,
• njala yayikulu,
• kutsegula m'mimba
• chizungulire
• thukuta kwambiri
• kuwonongeka kwazidziwitso.

Ndi glycosuria, zinthu zofunikira zimatsukidwa ndi mkodzo mwachangu, chifukwa thupi lonse limavutika. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo amayamba kudya kwambiri, koma amataya ma kilogalamu, ndiye kuti, kuwonda.

Kodi kuchitira glycosuria?

Mankhwalawa adapangidwa pamaziko a kuyesedwa ndi zomwe zimayambitsa glycosuria:

1. Ngati matendawa apezeka pamaso pa matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti mankhwalawo amathandizidwa ndi matenda a shuga m'magazi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhuta minofu ndi maselo okhala ndi zinthu zofunikira, chifukwa chake mankhwala a vitamini amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zakudya zapadera zimatsatiridwa. Feature - kuletsa kwa wodwala pakamadzimadzi. Koma muyenera kuchita izi pang'onopang'ono kuti madzi amadzimadzi asachitike.
2. Ngati thupi silitha kudzipangira pawokha insulin, ndiye kuti insulin ndiyofunika. Ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumakulitsidwa, ndipo ndi mtundu wachiwiri, mankhwala apadera amalembedwa - mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga. Werengani zambiri zamankhwala omwe amachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga pano.
3. Ndi glycosuria, diuresis imayamba, chifukwa pomwe michere yonse yofunikira imachotsedwa. Ndipo izi zimakulitsa ntchito ya mtima ndi kuzungulira kwa magazi. Chifukwa chake, mankhwalawa monga potaziyamu Chloride, Asparkam, Potaziyamu Magnesium Asparaginate, Panangin ndi ena ndi omwe amapatsidwa.
4. Maziko a mankhwalawa ndi zakudya zomwe sizimaphatikizapo kumwa maswiti ndi zakudya zamchere kwambiri, komanso nyama yofuka, zakudya zam'chitini, chakudya chofulumira komanso zinthu zina zoyipa. Koma muyenera kudya zipatso zatsopano ndi ndiwo zamasamba, nyama yophika, mkate wa chinangwa, etc.
5. Muyenera kudya osachepera 5 pa tsiku m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.
6. Magulu a glucose amayenera kuyang'aniridwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Izi zitha kuchitika kunyumba.

Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga poyesa magazi

Njira imodzi yodziwira matenda ashuga ndikupereka magazi chifukwa chothira shuga. Choyamba, pamimba yopanda kanthu - kumatanthauza pamimba yopanda kanthu: dzukani m'mawa, musadye chilichonse, osamwa khofi kapena tiyi, mutha kuwiritsa madzi, osamwa mankhwala, kuphatikiza odana ndi matenda ashuga, musasute. Asanafike kuchipatalako ndi sitepe yokhazikika, chifukwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumapangitsa kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati pali chizolowezi chowonjezera magazi mwachangu, yesetsani kutentha manja anu musanayesedwe. Komanso - ntchito yothandizira labotale.

Njira ina yodziwira shuga poyesa magazi ndi kuperekera magazi shuga pambuyo chakudya. Chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wodziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga masana. Kodi mungamupatse bwanji mayeso ofananawo a matenda ashuga kuti mupeze cholinga? Tidadzuka m'mawa, kudya chakudya cham'mawa chimodzimodzi monga masiku wamba, ndikupita kuchipatala. Zotsatira zake, adapereka kusanthula kwa maola 1-1.5 atadya, koma ngati atatha maola awiri, palibe chomwe chimachitika. Inde, kusanthula kuyenera kulembedwa "mutatha kudya." Mwazi umakhala wokwera kuposa pamimba yopanda kanthu, koma izi sizofunikira kuchita mantha.

Madokotala ena sakhulupirira zotsatira za kuyesedwa kwa magazi m'mitsempha. Mulimonsemo, wodwalayo ayenera kuchenjeza dokotala, kuwunikira kunatengedwa kuchokera kumunwe kapena kuchokera mu mtsempha, chifukwa malingaliro mu mawunikidwe awiriwa azisiyanasiyana pang'ono.

Zitha kuchitika kuti usiku usanayesedwe wa matenda ashuga kapena panjira yopita kuchipatala hypoglycemia zinachitika. Ndiponso, wodwalayo amakakamizidwa kudziwitsa dokotala, chifukwa cha kusinthaku kudzasintha.

Momwe mungapezere kuyesedwa kwa matenda a shuga: kuyesa kwa shuga

Mayeso olimbitsa thupi a glucose kapena mayeso okhudzika ndi glucose amavumbulutsa kuthekera kwa thupi kuyamwa glucose ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumveketsa kuzindikiraku ngati kuyesedwa kwa magazi sikupereka zotsatira zodalirika, popeza zimachoka pang'onopang'ono, koma pang'ono.

Simuyenera kukonzekera mwapadera mayeso a matenda ashuga okhala ndi shuga, mutha kungokhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino, kudya zakudya wamba mwa nthawi zonse. Ndikwabwino kugona tisanafike pofufuza, ndipo m'mawa, popanda chakudya cham'mawa, kuti tikwaniritse zoletsa zonse zofanana ndi kusala kudya magazi.

Mu chipatalacho, amayeza kwambiri magazi othamanga, kenako amapereka njira yothetsera shuga kapena tiyi wokoma ndi mandimu ndikumwa shuga pambuyo pama 30-60-90 ndi mphindi 120. Mulingo wambiri womwe shuga m'magazi umakwera, komanso momwe imagwera mwachangu pansi pa insulin yomwe yatulutsidwa, ndiyofunikanso.

Mkhalidwe womwe kusala shuga m'magazi ndikatha kudya ndi kwabwinobwino, ndipo ziwonetsero zimapezeka ndimatenda a glucose okha, zimatchedwa matenda a shuga osakhalitsa. Ndiye kuti, thupi limagwirizananso ndi chakudya chamagulu amoto, koma ndimomwe amapezeka.

Ngati matenda ashuga otere sawalandiridwa, amatha kusanduka shuga wowoneka bwino - pafupifupi 3% ya odwala pachaka. Matenda a shuga oterewa amathandizidwa ndi zakudya zoletsedwa zamankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo ngati pali kunenepa kwambiri, kuchepa kwa thupi.

Mitundu ya shuga ya urine ndi acetone mu shuga

Madokotala azaka zapakati adazindikira matenda ashuga ndikulawa mkodzo wa wodwalayo. Mu odwala matenda ashuga, anali okoma, chifukwa shuga ambiri amachotsedwa ndi mkodzo kudzera mu impso. Pakadali pano, kuwunikaku kwa shuga mu mkodzo m'matenda a shuga, ngakhale sikunachitike mwanjira yakale, koma kugwiritsa ntchito njira za labotale, sikunatchuka konse. Ndipo chifukwa chake.

Munthu wathanzi alibe shuga mumkodzo wake. Komabe, mawonekedwe ake samayenderana nthawi zonse ndi shuga wamagazi ambiri, koma zimadalira kupezeka kwa impso. Chifukwa chake, kuwunikira kwa msambo wa shuga wa mkodzo m'matenda a shuga sikulondola ndipo kulibe vuto lalikulu lokhudza matenda.

Kuzindikira kwa acetone mu mkodzo ndikofunikira kwambiri. Uku ndikuwunika kosavuta, kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito timiyeso ta matenda a shuga, omwe amangophatikizidwa mumtsuko wa mkodzo, ndipo mawu omaliza amatengedwa pakusintha mtundu wa chizindikiro. Ngati acetone apezeka mkodzo wokhala ndi matenda a shuga, izi zikuwonetsa kuti wodwalayo ayamba kuvuta kwambiri - ketoacidosis, yomwe imayambitsa kukomoka. Wodwala chotere amafunikira kuchipatala. Nthawi zambiri amandipeza ndi matenda a shuga omwe amapezeka pokhapokha ngati ali ndi vuto la ketoacidosis, chifukwa amakula msanga, m'masiku ochepa kapenanso maola.

Asayansi ochokera ku Monell Center ati kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'mwazi mukatha kudya ma carbohydrate kumadalira kapangidwe ka malovu. Enzyme ya amylase ndiyo imayambitsa kuphwanya kwa chakudya chamafuta. Kuchulukitsa kwake kumakhala ndi shuga wochepa.

Glucometer ndi zingwe zoyeserera za matenda ashuga

Pakadali pano, ma glucometer amapangidwa kuti adziyang'anire okha odwala matenda ashuga - zida zomwe mutha kuyeza magazi anu momwe mulinso. Dontho la magazi limayikidwa pa mzere woyezera, mankhwala omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi magaziwo, ndipo osakaniza amatembenukira kukhala buluu, mphamvu yake yomwe imawerengedwa ndikuyezedwa ndi kuwala kwa mita. Kapena mu zida zatsopano zomwe zikugwira ntchito pa mfundo ya electrochemical, mtengo womwe umawonekera pakachitika glucose wamagazi omwe ali ndi zinthu zapadera mu mzere woyeza umayeza. Zotsatira zake, izi zimawonekera pazenera zomwe zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Glucometer ya matenda ashuga iyenera kukhala. Zachidziwikire, anthu athanzi amatha kuyeza shuga wamagazi ndi glucometer yotere, koma, atalandira zotsatira zowopsa, sayenera kudzilimbitsa. Dokotala yekha ndi amene angadziwe bwino komanso kupereka mankhwala oyenera.

Mbiri Yophunzira za Matenda a shuga

Mbiri ya matenda ashuga akale monga dziko lapansi. Zoposa 4000 zapitazo ku China, matendawa amatchedwa shuga mellitus. Mu nkhani yakale kwambiri yodziwika bwino yomwe adatipatsa, "Ebers Papyrus," kuyambira 1500 BC. e., wopezeka mu Theban necropolis, matenda a shuga amawoneka ngati matenda odziyimira pawokha.

Hippocrates ndi Paracelsus wazaka za 30. BC e. Anafotokozanso mwambi wa matenda a "shuga" ("uchi") mkodzo. Chizindikiro cha matendawa chimapezekanso pamankhwala azachipatala a Aul Cornelius Celsus, olembedwa koyambirira kwa nthawi yathu ino.

Kulongosola koyamba kwa matenda ashuga kunaperekedwa ndi dokotala waku Roma a Areteus (Areteus Cappadocia, d. Circa 138), ndipo adalengeza mawu oti "matenda ashuga" machitidwe azachipatala.

Areteus adapanga dzina la matendawa kuchokera ku liwu lachi Greek akuti diabaino - "Ndidutsa" - ndi dzina lolondola kwambiri komanso lophiphiritsa, chifukwa chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda a shuga ndi kutaya madzi, ngakhale mumamwa kwambiri.

Ngakhale madokotala akale sanadziwe molondola zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, adakali kudziwa momwe angatalikitsire moyo wa odwala mwachangu, masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi zitsamba, maluwa, zipatso, masamba, ndi mizu yazomera zosiyanasiyana. Ochiritsa akale adagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala ochiritsa. Avicenna adati "... adotolo ali ndi zida zitatu: mawu, chomera, mpeni." Chithandizo cha phytotherapy chimaphatikizidwa bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira, pang'onopang'ono amawonjezera mphamvu zawo zochizira.

Pakadali pano, mitundu ya masamba 150-200 yazomera zamankhwala yomwe imatha kukhala ndi shuga yotsika mtengo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazachipatala. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mbewuzi zimaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zothandiza kuti zinthu ziziwayendera bwino, pomwe gawo lotsogolera limaseweredwa ndi kuchepetsa shuga (galenin, inosine, inulin). Zomera zina zamankhwala zimatha kusintha nthawi yomweyo ziwalo zambiri zamthupi ndi machitidwe a thupi, omwe amalola kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri.