Machitidwe a shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya: zizikhala chiyani?

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda a shuga ndikuwonetsetsa kwa hyperglycemia. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya zam'mimba ndikuwabwezera kwa shuga.

Kungoyeserera kamodzi kwa glucose sikuwonetsedwa nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, munthawi zonse zokayikira, kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumachitika komwe kumawonetsa kuthekera kwa kuphatikiza chakudya chamagulu kuchokera ku chakudya.

Ngati ma glycemia okwera apezeka, makamaka ndi mayeso ololera a glucose, komanso Zizindikiro zomwe zili ndi vuto la matenda ashuga, kuzindikira kwake kumayesedwa.

Yachilendo komanso shuga kagayidwe kagayidwe

Kuti munthu akhale ndi mphamvu, amafunika kumukonzanso mothandizidwa ndi zakudya. Chida chachikulu chogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu ndi glucose.

Thupi limalandila zopatsa mphamvu kudzera pama protein ambiri. Mafuta amtunduwu amasungidwa m'chiwindi monga glycogen ndipo amawadyedwa panthawi yakuperewera kwa chakudya chamagulu mu chakudya. Kuti muthane ndi zovuta zopanga magazi (wowuma) ziyenera kuthyoledwa kukhala shuga.

Zakudya zamafuta osavuta monga glucose ndi fructose zimalowa m'matumbo osasinthika ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Suprose, yomwe imangotchedwa shuga, imatanthauzira ma disaccharides, imakhalanso, monga glucose, yomwe imalowa mosavuta m'magazi. Potengera kudya kwa mafuta m'magazi, insulin imamasulidwa.

Cancreas insulin secretion ndiye mahomoni okhawo omwe angathandize kuti glucose adutse kudzera mumitsempha yama cell ndikuchita nawo zochita zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, pambuyo poti atulutsidwe insulin, maola awiri atatha kudya, amatsitsa shuga mpaka pafupifupi zikhalidwe zoyambirira.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, matenda amtunduwu amachitika m'magazi.

• Insulin imachotsedwa mosavomerezeka kapena ikusowa mtundu 1 wa shuga.
• Insulin imapangidwa, koma sangathe kulumikizana ndi ma receptors - Type 2 shuga.
• Mukatha kudya, shuga sayamwa, koma amakhalabe m'magazi, hyperglycemia imayamba.
• Maselo a chiwindi (hepatocytes), minofu ndi adipose minofu sangathe kulandira glucose, amakhala ndi njala.
• Mafuta ochulukirapo amakhumudwitsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi, chifukwa mamolekyu ake amakopa madzi kuchokera ku minofu.

Kuyeza kwa glucose

Mothandizidwa ndi ma insulin ndi mahomoni a adrenal, gland ya pituitary ndi hypothalamus, glucose wamagazi amawongoleredwa. Mkulu m'magazi a glucose okwanira, amapanga insulin kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, mawonekedwe ochepa operewera amtundu wabwinobwino amasungidwa.

Mwazi wam'mawa m'matumbo oyenda 3.25 -5.45 mmol / L. Pambuyo podya, amakula mpaka 5.71 - 6.65 mmol / L. Pofuna kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, pali njira ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: diagnostics a Laborator kapena kutsimikiza kunyumba ndi glucometer kapena mayeso owoneka.

Ku labotale iliyonse ku chipatala kapena chodziwika bwino, kafukufuku wa glycemia amachitika. Njira zitatu zazikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi:

1. Ferricyanide, kapena Hagedorn-Jensen.
2. Ortotoluidine.
3. Glucose oxidant.

Ndikofunika kudziwa momwe njira yotsimikizirira iyenera kukhalira, popeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kudalira momwe ma reagents adagwiritsidwira ntchito (njira ya Hagedorn-Jensen, manambala akukwera pang'ono). Chifukwa chake, ndikwabwino kusanthula shuga m'magazi mu labotale nthawi zonse.

Malamulo ochitira kafukufuku wama glucose:

• Unikani shuga m'magazi m'mawa wopanda kanthu mpaka 11 koloko.
• Palibe njira yosanthula kuchokera maola 8 mpaka 14.
• Kumwa madzi sikuletsedwa.
• Tsiku lisanafike kusanthula, simungamwe mowa, kumwa zakudya pang'ono, osadya mopambanitsa.
• Patsiku la kusanthula, zolimbitsa thupi, kusuta fodya kulibe kanthu.

Ngati mankhwala amwedwa, ndikofunikira kuti mufunsane ndi dokotala za kufafaniza kapena kusinthanitsa, chifukwa zotsatira zabodza zitha kupezeka.

Mulingo wofanana ndi shuga m'magazi kwa magazi kuchokera pachala ndi kuyambira 3.25 mpaka 5.45 mmol / L, ndipo kuchokera m'mitsempha, malirewo amatha kukhala pamimba yopanda 6 mmol / L. Kuphatikiza apo, miyezo imasiyanasiyana mukafufuza magazi athunthu kapena madzi a m'magazi momwe maselo onse am magazi amachotsedwa.

Palinso kusiyana pakumvekera kwa zizindikiro zabwinobwino zamagulu osiyanasiyana. Kuthamanga shuga kwa ana osakwana zaka 14 kungakhale 2.8-5.6 mmol / L, mpaka mwezi umodzi - 2.75-4.35 mmol / L, ndipo kuyambira mwezi 3.25 -5.55 mmol / L.

Mwa okalamba pambuyo pa zaka 61, msambo wokwera umakwera chaka chilichonse - 0,056 mmol / L ukuwonjezeredwa, mulingo wa shuga mwa odwalawa ndi 4.6 -6.4 mmol / L. Pa zaka 14 mpaka 61, kwa akazi ndi amuna, chizolowezi chimachokera ku 4.1 mpaka 5.9 mmol / l.

Pa nthawi yapakati, kagayidwe kazakudya umatha kusokonekera. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chopanga ma placenta a ma contra-mahormone mahomoni. Chifukwa chake, amayi onse apakati amalangizidwa kuti ayesedwe. Ngati yatukulidwa, ndiye kuti matenda a shuga opatsirana amapangidwa. Mkazi ayenera kumayesedwa ndi endocrinologist atabereka.

Mwazi wamwazi masana umatha kusiyanasiyana pang'ono, chifukwa chake muyenera kuganizira nthawi yakumwa magazi (data mmol / l):

• Kutacha kusanachitike (kuyambira 2 mpaka 4 maola) - pamwambapa 3.9.
• M'mawa m'mawa shuga ayenera kukhala kuchokera ku 3.9 mpaka 5.8 (asanadye chakudya cham'mawa).
• Asanadye nkhomaliro masana - 3,9 -6.1.
• Asanadye, 3.9 - 6.1.

Mitengo ya shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu ndipo mutatha kudya amakhalanso ndi kusiyana, kuchuluka kwake kwa matenda: ola limodzi mutatha kudya - osakwana 8.85.

Ndipo pakatha maola awiri, shuga ayenera kukhala ochepera 6.7 mmol / L.

Mkulu komanso wotsika magazi

Zotsatira zake zikapezeka, adotolo amawunika momwe kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kamakhala. Zotsatira zowonjezereka zimawonedwa ngati hyperglycemia. Mkhalidwe wotere ungayambitse matenda ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu, kupsinjika kwamthupi kapena m'maganizo, komanso kusuta.

Glucose imatha kuwonjezeka chifukwa cha zochita za mahomoni a adrenal kwakanthawi pazinthu zomwe zimawopseza moyo. Pansi pa izi, kuchuluka kumakhala kwakanthawi ndipo pambuyo pake kutha kwa chinthu chomukwiyitsa, shuga amachepa kukhala abwinobwino.

Hyperglycemia nthawi zina imatha kukhala ndi: mantha, mantha akulu, masoka achilengedwe, masoka, kayendedwe ka nkhondo, ndi imfa ya okondedwa.

Mavuto akudya chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri pakudya kwamadzulo ndi khofi amathanso kuwonetsa shuga m'mawa. Mankhwala ochokera ku gulu la thiazide okodzetsa, mankhwala a mahomoni amalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha hyperglycemia ndi matenda ashuga. Imatha kupezeka mwa ana komanso akulu, nthawi zambiri wokhala ndi vuto lotengera thupi komanso kuchuluka kwa matendawa (matenda a shuga a 2), komanso chizolowezi cha matenda a shuga.

Kuphatikiza pa matenda ashuga, hypoglycemia ndi chizindikiro cha matenda otere:

1. Endocrine matenda: thyrotooticosis, gigantism, acromegaly, adrenal matenda.
2. Matenda a kapamba: zotupa, kapamba kapamba, kapamba kapamba kapena kapamba.
3. Matenda a chiwindi, chiwindi chamafuta.
4. Matenda a nephritis ndi nephrosis.
5. Cystic fibrosis
6. Stroke ndi kugunda kwa mtima pachimake.

Ndi autoallergic reaction ku beta cell mu kapamba kapena gawo lina lake, komanso kupanga ma antibodies kupita ku insulin, hyperglycemia imayamba.

Kutsitsa shuga m'magazi kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa dongosolo la endocrine, ndi njira zotupa, makamaka zilonda.

Ana asanakwane ndi ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kukhala ndi shuga wochepa wamagazi. Mikhalidwe yotere imachitika ndi njala yayitali komanso kulimbitsa thupi.

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha hypoglycemia ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin kapena antidiabetesic, anabolics.

Kutenga salicylates mu Mlingo wambiri, komanso amphetamine, kumatha kutsitsa shuga m'magazi.

Kuyesa kwa magazi

Mu shuga mellitus, ndikofunikira kukonza kuwonjezereka kwa shuga m'magazi popanda zifukwa zina zomwe zingayambitse kuphwanya. Popanda kuyezetsa magazi, matenda sangapezeke, ngakhale pali zizindikiro zazikuluzonse za matenda ashuga.

Mukamayang'ana zotsatira za kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa shuga, osati mitengo yokwezeka chabe, komanso mfundo zam'malire, amawonedwa ngati prediabetes, njira yobisika ya matenda ashuga. Odwala oterewa amawaganizira, amawongolera shuga m'magazi kawirikawiri kuposa anthu athanzi, zakudya zimayikidwa ngati shuga, mankhwala azitsamba ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi.

Makhalidwe oyenerana ndi prediabetes: glucose m'magazi kuyambira 5.6 mpaka 6 mmol / l, ndipo ngati kuphatikizika kumakulirakulira mpaka 6.1 ndi pamwambapa, ndiye kuti shuga ikhoza kuganiziridwa.

Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi zizindikiro zokhala ndi matenda a shuga mellitus, ndipo shuga m'magazi ndi apamwamba kuposa 6.95 mmol / l, nthawi iliyonse (mosasamala chakudya) 11 mmol / l, ndiye kuti matenda a shuga amadziwika kuti amatsimikizira.

Kuyesa kwa glucose

Ngati mutayang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose kusala ndikukayikira za matendawo, kapena zotsatira zosiyanasiyana zimapezeka ndi miyeso ingapo, ndipo ngati palibe chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha matenda ashuga, koma wodwalayo ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga, kuyesedwa kwamphamvu kumachitika - TSH (mayeso a kulolera shuga).

Kuyesedwa kuyenera kuchitika popanda kudya zakudya zosachepera maola 10. Tisanayesedwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kusewera masewera ndipo zolimbitsa thupi zilizonse zolemetsa ziyenera kupatula. Kwa masiku atatu, simukuyenera kusintha zakudya ndikuchepetsa kwambiri zakudya, ndiye kuti, mtundu wa zakudya uyenera kukhala wabwinobwino.

Ngati mawa lake panali nkhawa yayikulu yam'maganizo kapena kupsinjika kwakukulu, ndiye kuti tsiku loyesedwa lakhazikitsidwa. Musanayesedwe, muyenera kugona, ndikukhala ndi chisangalalo champhamvu musanagone, mutha kuthira mankhwala azitsamba oziziritsa.

Zotsatira za kuyeserera kwa shuga:

• Zaka kuchokera pa zaka 45.
• Kulemera kwambiri, index yamasamba a thupi pamwamba 25.
• Heredity - lembani matenda ashuga 2 m'mabanja apafupi (amayi, abambo).
• Mayi woyembekezera anali ndi matenda a shuga kapena mwana wosabadwa wamkulu (wolemera kuposa makilogalamu 4.5). Mwambiri, kubereka mwana m'matenda a shuga ndi chisonyezo chazindikiritso chokwanira.
• Matenda oopsa a arterial, kuthamanga kuposa 140/90 mm Hg. Art.
• M'magazi, cholesterol, triglycerides imachulukitsidwa ndipo lipoproteins yapamwamba imachepetsedwa.

Kuti achite mayeso, choyamba kuwunika magazi osala kudya kumachitika, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amwe madzi ndi shuga. Kwa akulu, kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi 75 g. Pambuyo pa izi, muyenera kudikirira maola awiri, mukukhala mu mpumulo wamthupi komanso wamaganizidwe. Simungathe kuyenda. Patatha maola awiri, magazi amayesereranso shuga.

Kulekerera kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonekera ndikuwonjezereka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndipo atatha maola awiri, koma ndizochepa kuposa matenda a shuga: kuthamanga kwa glucose osakwana 6.95 mmol / l, maola awiri atatha kuyesedwa kwa nkhawa - kuyambira 7, 8 mpaka 11.1 mmol / L.

Kuthamanga kwamkamwa kwa glucose kumawonetsedwa ndi glycemia wambiri musanayesedwe, koma patatha maola awiri mulingo wamagazi sukudutsa malire a thupi:

1. Kuthamanga glycemia wa 6.1-7 mmol / L.
2. Mutatha kumwa 75 g shuga, osakwana 7.8 mmol / L.

Mikhalidwe yonseyi ndi yodutsa malire pokhudzana ndi matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, chizindikiritso chawo ndichofunikira popewa matenda ashuga. Odwala nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kudya mankhwala, kuwonda, kuchita zolimbitsa thupi.

Pambuyo poyesedwa ndi katundu, kudalirika pakupezeka kwa matenda ashuga sikukayika ndi kusala kudya kwa glycemia pamtunda wa 6.95 ndi maola awiri mutatha kuyesedwa - pamwambapa 11.1 mmol / L. Fomu yomwe yatchulidwa munkhaniyi ikufotokozereni za shuga zomwe zimayenera kukhala mwa munthu wathanzi.