Chizolowezi cha cholesterol pazaka komanso jenda ndi tebulo lowoneka

Zowonetsera za metabolidi ya lipid, yomwe imodzi mwa kolesterol, imachita mbali yayikulu pakuwunika chiopsezo chamtima. Zimamveka ngati kuthekera kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto la mtima kapena matenda opha ziwalo ndi kufa kwa iwo zaka 10 zikubwerazi. Kodi cholesterol iyenera kukhala chiyani m'magazi ndi zoyenera kuchita ngati atakwezedwa?

Chifukwa chake muyenera kuyang'anira cholesterol

Nthawi zambiri, cholesterol si gawo chabe la kagayidwe, koma chinthu chofunikira. M'mapangidwe ake, ndi mowa wovuta ngati mowa. Pafupifupi 20% ya kuchuluka kwa mafuta a cholesterol ndi ochokera kunja, ndiye kuti, omwe amakhala ndi chakudya. Zotsalira, zamkati, zimapangidwa ndi ziwalo zamkati, makamaka ndi chiwindi ndi matumbo.

Cholesterol imakhudzidwa pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya biosynthesis ya steroid ndi mahomoni ogonana, popeza ndi gawo lawo. Kuphatikiza apo, ndichinthu chomanga makoma a cell ndi zimagwira, zimagwira nawo pakusintha kwa vitamini D.

Yokha, cholesterol ndi pokhapokha pokhapokha, kuti izitha kunyamulidwa kuti ilowetse ziwalo ndi maselo, zimaphatikizika ndi "mapuloteni onyamula". Mapulogalamu opanga molekyu otchedwa lipoprotein. Ali amitundu itatu - HDL, LDL ndi VLDL (okwera, otsika kwambiri komanso otsika kwambiri, motero). Wachikulire wathanzi ayenera kukhala ndi zigawo zonsezi, koma malinga ndi malire a zikhalidwe ndi gawo linalake pakati pa wina ndi mnzake.

Ma lipoproteins otsika kwambiri, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi cholesterol "yoyipa", komanso HDL - "yabwino." Izi ndichifukwa chachilendo cha katundu wawo. Mafuta otsika kwambiri amakhala opepuka, abwino komanso amatha kumamatira wina ndi mzake komanso makoma amitsempha yamagazi. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zili m'magazi ziwonjezeka, zimayamba kukhazikika pakati pa ulusi wa endothelium, ndikuyambitsa njira yotupa mkati mwake. Pambuyo pake, ma atherosselotic zolembera amapanga mawonekedwe amtunduwu. LDL imagwira nawo gawo la thrombosis, chifukwa samamatirana osati wina ndi mnzake, komanso ndi magulu ena akuluakulu a magazi.

Njira imeneyi imayambitsa matenda monga mtima wamatenda a mtima. Njira yowonjezera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa sikuwonetsedwa kunja, ndiye kuti, matendawa amapezeka m'magawo oyamba palibe zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zilizonse zamankhwala. Pa gawo loyamba, kusalinganika kwa lipid kumatha kuzindikira pokhapokha ngati magazi amachokera mu mtsempha.

Kusintha msanga kwa mafuta m'thupi mwathu mukamapezeka, kumakhala kosavuta komanso kwachangu kudzachira. Nthawi zambiri, ngati kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a lipid kumapezeka panthawi komanso osadziwonetsa ngati madandaulo, ndiye kuti vutoli litha kuthetsa pakungosintha kadyedwe. Kupanda kutero, ngati vutolo litanyalanyazidwa ndikuwululidwa mochedwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti matendawo amayambitsidwa kuti asachiritse - mankhwala amalembedwa, ndipo nthawi zina, chithandizo cha opereshoni.

Chidule tebulo la cholesterol yamagazi mwa akazi ndi amuna

Kodi ndimawerengero ati a cholesterol omwe amadziwika kuti ndi abwinobwino mwa munthu wathanzi? Chiwerengero chapadera sichikupezeka. Zimayendetsedwa ndi zinthu zambiri, zazikulu zomwe ndi jenda komanso zaka. Kutengera ndi magawo awiriwa, madotolo adapanga tebulo pofika zaka zokhala ndi cholesterol yokhazikika.

Ziwerengero zamapulogalamu abwinobwino a lipid ndizophatikiza kwambiri ndipo zimatha kukhala zosiyana aliyense payekhapayekha. Izi ndichifukwa choti zinthu monga mtundu wa zakudya, moyo, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, kupezeka kwa zizolowezi zoipa, chikhalidwe chotsimikizika, etc. zimathandizira cholesterol.

Makamaka owopsa, malinga ndi chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis, ndiye zaka pambuyo pa zaka 35 mpaka 40. Munthawi imeneyi, kusintha kwa ma horoni m'thupi ndi kusintha koyamba m'tsogolo mwa lipid. Mwachitsanzo, ali ndi zaka 35, mayunitsi 6.58 ndiye malire apamwamba, ndipo pa 40, mpaka 6,99 mmol / l amadziwika kuti ndi gawo lovomerezeka kwa abambo omwe ali ndi cholesterol yonse.

Munthu akamakula, amakhala ndi matenda omwe amakhalanso nawo ndipo amachepetsa kukonzanso thupi. Zonsezi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chowonjezeka pamavuto a lipid. Matenda a shuga mellitus, angina pectoris, matenda a mtima - kwa anthu achikulire, izi ndizofala kwambiri. Kwa iwo, malire a cholesterol ikhale yotsika, popeza ntchito zolimbirana zam'mimba zimachepa. Chifukwa chake, mulingo wakulembera IHD, mikwingwirima kapena vuto la mtima mu anamnesis ndi 2,5 mmol / L pansipa pamlingo wapamwamba wa m'badwo uliwonse, motsatana.

Ali ndi zaka makumi asanu, kusintha kwakukulu mu cholesterol mwa akazi kumadziwika. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kapangidwe ka mahomoni, kusintha kwawo komanso kuchepa kwa kufunikira kwa cholesterol ya dongosolo la endocrine. Mwa amuna azaka 55, komanso nthawi zambiri atatha zaka 60, mitengo yokhazikika imakhazikika ndipo zimayamba kuchepa pang'onopang'ono ndi zaka.

Mu labot decoding mwa achikulire, ndikofunikira kuti muzimvera osati zokhazokha za cholesterol yonse. Zofunikanso ndizofunikira za triglycerides, cholesterol yoyipa komanso yabwino (LDL ndi HDL, motsatana), komanso mgwirizano wolingana ndi atherogenicity.

Kodi cholesterol yapamwamba kwambiri yomwe munthu angakhale nayo ndi iti

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, cholesterol yayikulu ndi lingaliro la munthu payekha, chifukwa chake, sizinganenedwe kuti ndi ziwerengero ziti zomwe zimatengedwa kuti ndizochuluka kapena zochepa. Zizindikiro za cholesterol kuyambira 5.2 mpaka 6.19 mmol / l amawerengedwa kuti amakwezedwa pang'ono. Ndi ziwerengerozi, muyenera kutchera khutu ku mfundo zina za mbiri ya lipid, makamaka pa LDL. Ngati kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yokwanira, malinga ndi kusanthula, kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa 6.2 mmol / l, ndiye kuti mkhalidwewu umawoneka wowopsa kuumoyo womwe uli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga atherosclerosis.

Mitundu ya cholesterol ndi coheroffer ya atherogenic

Mafuta a cholesterol nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mitundu ingapo yokha. Zopangira izi siziyenera kukhala m'magulu ena a zochitika zokha, komanso khalani mumanja ubale. Mwachitsanzo, gawo loterolo mu kusanthula momwe kuchuluka kwa ma atherogenic kumasonyezera chiyerekezo cha cholesterol chabwino, cha HDL chokwanira cholesterol.

Kuphatikiza kwa ma atherogenic kumatha kuwonetsa bwino momwe kagayidwe ka mafuta amafunira. Amawalabadira ngati chisonyezero cha kuchepa kwa lipid. Kuti muwerenge, ndikofunikira kutenga phindu la cholesterol yofunikira pazofunikira za cholesterol yonse ndikugawa kusiyana komwe kukukhala HDL.

Mlingo wovomerezeka wa mphamvu yogwirizira ya atherogenic umafanana ndi mtundu wina wazaka.

• 2.0-2, 8. Manambala otere ayenera kukhala mwa anthu ochepera zaka 30.
• 3.0-3.5. Izi ndizofunikira kwa anthu opitilira 30 omwe alibe ma labotale kapena zodwala matenda opatsirana.
• Pamwambapa 4. Chiwerengerochi chimawerengedwa ngati chapamwamba. Ndi mawonekedwe a wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a mtima.

Malinga ndi njira zapadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza kwa lipid kumakhala kofanana ndi kwanthawi zonse pazotsatira zotsatirazi:

• cholesterol yathunthu - mpaka 5 mmol / l,
• triglycerides - mpaka 2,
• LDL - mpaka 3,
• HDL - kuchokera 1,
• coheroffic atherogenic - mpaka 3 mayunitsi.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti chizolowezi cha cholesterol ndichinsinsi cha mtima. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyesetsa kukhazikika ndikuwongolera mbiri yanu ya lipid.

Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala olimbitsa thupi a hypocholesterol. Iyenera kuchepetsedwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta a nyama, makamaka yophika zakudya m'malo mokazinga, masamba atsopano ndi zipatso. Zakudya zokhala ndi cholesterol yambiri zimayenda bwino ndikukhala ndi moyo wotakataka, wolimbitsa thupi - kulimbitsa thupi m'mawa, kuthamanga. Cholesterol ikachuluka kwambiri, ndiye kuti achite zambiri, dokotala amasankha mankhwala omwe amafunikira, omwe amaperekedwa ndi magulu a ma statins kapena ma fiber.

Mafuta a cholesterol ndi chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri chathanzi la thupi. Makhalidwe ake akayamba kupitirira malire, chiwopsezo chotenga matenda amitsempha yama mtima ndi mtima - atherosulinosis, stroko komanso mtima

Magawo oyamba a njirayi alibe zizindikiro zakunja ndipo amatha kuzindikiridwa mwa kusanthula. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti nthawi zonse muzitha kutenga lipidograms zodzitetemera ndikumatengera nthawi yake, chifukwa mankhwalawa atangoyamba kumene, ndibwino kuti matendawo ayambirenso. Mukalandira zotsatira, muyenera kufunsa katswiri yemwe angakulimbikitseni njira zoyenera ndikupereka chithandizo kwa munthu payekha.

Ntchito ya cholesterol mthupi

Mwa kapangidwe ka mankhwala, cholesterol ndi m'gulu la mitundu ya lipophilic alcohols. Ndizofunikira kwa thupi, chifukwa ndi gawo limodzi lamankhwala am'mimba ndipo limatengera kuphatikizika kwa:

• mahomoni - testosterone, cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, progesterone,
• Vitamini D3
• bile acid.

Pafupifupi 80% ya cholesterol yomwe imapangidwa ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za anthu (makamaka chiwindi), 20% imalowa ndi chakudya.

Izi sizimasungunuka m'madzi, chifukwa chake sizingathe kuyenda ndi mtsinje wamagazi pawokha. Kwa izi, zimagwirizanitsa ndi mapuloteni apadera - apolipoprotein. Zotsatira zake zimatchedwa lipoproteins.

Ena mwa iwo ali ndi matenda ochulukirapo (HDL), pomwe ena amakhala ndi otsika kwambiri (LDL). Omwe amachotsa mafuta ochulukirapo m'thupi, omalizirawo amakhazikika pamakoma amitsempha, kupanga mapangidwe amtundu wa atherosclerotic.

Chifukwa chake, zikafika "zabwino" lipids, timatanthawuza HDL, ndi "zoyipa" - LDL. Cholesterol chonse ndi chokwanira cha lipoprotein yonse.

Kafukufuku wa metabolidi ya lipid amachitika pofuna kuwunika momwe munthu angapangire matenda a atherosulinosis ndi mtima (onani momwe mungayeretsere ziwiya zaubongo apa).

Ngakhale kuti mwa amuna ndi akazi, muyezo wa cholesterol m'magazi (patebulo lomwe wapatsidwa pansipa) ndiwosiyana, mwa mankhwala muli zisonyezo zoyendetsedwa.

Madokotala machitidwe awo amatsogozedwa ndi ziwerengero zolimbikitsidwa ndi World Health Organisation. Amawoneka chonchi:

C cholesterol chonse (gawo la muyeso pano ndi mmol / l):

• zabwinobwino - mpaka 5.2,
• kuchuluka - 5, - 6.1,
• okwera - oposa 6.2.

LDL:

• zikhalidwe zikufika pa 3,3,
• kuchuluka - 3.4-4.1,
• mkulu - 4.1-4.9,
• okwera kwambiri - pamwambapa 4.9.

HDL:

• mwachilengedwe ndi 1.55 ndipo pamwamba,
• chiopsezo chapakati ndi 1.0-1.3 kwa amuna, 1.3-1.5 kwa akazi,
• chiwopsezo chachikulu - chochepera 1.0 kwa amuna, 1.3 kwa akazi.

Lingaliro lomveka bwino la chizolowezi cha cholesterol m'magazi limaperekedwa ndi matebulo, omwe amawonetsa kuti ndi zovomerezeka kwa amuna ndi akazi pambuyo pa zaka 40-60.

Zaka 40 zaka ndi malire pambuyo pomwe pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kupezeka kwamatenda a mtima ndi mtima okhudzana ndi atherosulinosis.

Cholesterol wamba mwa akazi

Gome limawonetsa chizolowezi cha cholesterol yamagazi mwa akazi a mibadwo yosiyana.

Zaka zazaka

C cholesterol chonse

LDL

HDL

Monga tikuwonera patebulo, mwa azimayi atatha zaka 50, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yeniyeni ndi LDL m'mwazi kumachulukanso. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukonzanso kwa mahomoni (omwe amathandizidwa ndi endocrinologists) omwe amachitika nthawi ya kusintha kwa thupi. Njira zamatsenga pakadali pano zimayamba kuchepa, ndipo thupi limafunikira mphamvu zowonjezerera kuti lipangidwe lipids.

Cholesterol wamba mwa amuna

Pansipa pali chikhalidwe cha cholesterol chamagazi mwa amuna, kutengera zaka.

Zaka zazaka

C cholesterol chonse

LDL

HDL

Mwa abambo, chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis ndi zochitika zowopsa m'moyo (stroko, kugunda kwa mtima) poyamba ndizambiri. Mitima yawo ndi mitsempha yamagazi siyotetezedwa ndi machitidwe a mahomoni ogonana. Kuphatikiza apo, oimira ogonana olimba amatha kuthekera kuposa azimayi kukhala ndi zizolowezi zoyipa.

Ngati mungayang'ane mosamala zisonyezo za cholesterol yomwe ili patebulo, mutha kuwona kuti zomwe zimachitika m'magazi mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 60 zimachepetsedwa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuchepa kwa kagayidwe, kayendedwe ka thupi lonse.

Zoyambitsa High, Low Cholesterol

Mwa akazi ndi amuna pambuyo pa zaka 40, cholesterol yowonjezereka m'magazi imatha kukhala chifukwa cha zolakwika zamtundu wa lipid metabolism, koma nthawi zambiri sizidziwika. Zomwe zimachulukitsa cholesterol ya magazi ndi monga:

• matenda a chiwindi, ndulu
• kusuta
• zotupa za kapamba, ndulu
• gout
• Kulephera kwa impso (zomwe zimayambitsa ndi kuchiza matenda a impso mwa amayi akufotokozedwa pano),
• endocrine matenda (osakwanira kupanga kukula kwa mahomoni, matenda a shuga, hypothyroidism).

Mwa akazi, kukhala ndi pakati kumatha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi poyerekeza ndi abwinobwino. Izi zikuyenera kudziwika kwa iwo omwe akukonzekera kukhala ndi pakati patatha zaka 40.

Mfundo zotsika mtengo za lipid zimawonedwa ndi:

• njala, kutopa,
• kuwotcha kwakukulu
• matenda oopsa (dokotala amathandizira katswiri wa matenda opatsirana),
• sepsis
• zotupa zoyipa za chiwindi (kupezeka ndi kuthandizidwa ndi oncologist),
• mitundu ina ya magazi m'thupi,
• matenda a m'mapapo (momwe mungachiritsire matenda a bronchitis owerengedwa m'nkhaniyi)
• nyamakazi
• hyperthyroidism.

Lipids yotsika magazi imapezekanso mwa iwo omwe amakonda zakudya zamasamba kapena kumwa mankhwala monga neomycin, thyroxine, ketoconazole, interferon, estrogens.

Magulu Oopsa Kwambiri Cholesterol

Zatsimikiziridwa kuti hypercholesterolemia imakonda kupezeka mwa anthu omwe:

• idyani mafuta ambiri anyama,
• sunthani pang'ono
• onenepa kwambiri
• kumwa mowa kwambiri
• utsi
• Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakanthawi mankhwala ena (androgens, diuretics, glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, amiodarone, levodopa).

Kwa amuna atatha zaka 40 ndi akazi atatha zaka 50, kafukufuku wofufuza za cholesterol yamagazi amachitika (zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pamatafura pamwambapa). Ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimaganiziridwa mukamawerenga chiwopsezo cha mtima wonse.

Kuopsa kwambiri komanso kokweza kwambiri kumatanthauza kuti m'zaka zikubwerazi munthu akhoza kudwala kwambiri komanso kudwala kwamtima komanso m'mitsempha yamagazi.

Hypercholesterolemia ndiowopsa makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto:

• matenda a mtima (chithandizo chimachitika ndi kuthandizidwa ndi katswiri wamtima),
• atherosulinosis ya m'munsi,
• onenepa
• anthu amakonda matenda a thrombosis,
• matenda a impso
• matenda oopsa
• matenda a impso
• matenda oopsa
• shuga mellitus (wothandizidwa ndi endocrinologist),
• collagenoses (mwachitsanzo, nyamakazi).

Izi zimafuna kuwunikira pafupipafupi kwa lipids ndi kukonza mankhwala ndi kuchuluka kwawo.

Kodi cholesterol ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira kusunga momwe thupi limakhalira?

Kodi cholesterol ndi chiyani?

Cholesterol (kapena cholesterol) amatanthauza ma alcohols okhala ndi mafuta a polyhydric ndipo ndi amodzi mwa magawo omwe amapanga ziwalo. Mwanjira ina, imapatsa mphamvu ziwalo zam'mimba, ndipo ngati tingapange fanizo ndi momwe ntchitoyo imapangidwira, ndiye kuti cholesterol imakhala ngati mesh yolimbitsa, popanda yomwe brickwork silingachite.

Popanda izi, kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni ogonana, vitamini D, bile acid ndi kosatheka. Maselo a erythrocyte (23%) ndi chiwindi (17%) ali ndi cholesterol yambiri; amakhala m'maselo am'mitsempha ndi m'mitsempha yaubongo. Gawo lalikulu la cholesterol limapangidwa m'chiwindi (mpaka 80%). Zotsalazo - zimalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya cha nyama (batala, mazira, nyama, nyama, etc.).

Popanda cholesterol, njira ya chimbudzi ndiyosatheka, chifukwa ndikuchokera kwa iwo kuti mchere wa bile umapangidwa m'chiwindi, omwe amachititsa kuti mafuta asokonezeke m'matumbo. Cholesterol imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga mahomoni ogonana (estrogen, testosterone, progesterone), omwe amayang'anira magwiridwe antchito yamunthu.

Ngati mulingo wa chinthu ichi mthupi utachepa, pansi pazovomerezeka, kufooka kwa chitetezo chokwanira komanso kukana matenda ndi matenda kumadziwika. Cholesterol imalimbikitsa kupanga mahomoni a cortisol m'matumbo a adrenal ndipo amatenga nawo mbali mu kapangidwe ka vitamini D. Mwachidule, cholesterol ndi cholumikizira chofunikira popanda momwe kuchitira kwakuthupi kwa thupi sikungatheke.

Chifukwa chiyani cholesterol ikukwera?

Chifukwa chiyani cholesterol imakwera

Zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda a zamatsenga ndizambiri. Zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Choyipa. Ngati achibale a wodwalayo akudwala atherosulinosis, matenda a m'matumbo, ali ndi mbiri ya kukanika kapena kugunda kwa mtima, ndiye kuti mwayi wokhala ndi hypercholesterolemia m'magazi ukuwonjezeka kwambiri.
• Kuperewera kwa ntchito zamagalimoto, kunenepa kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri.
• Zakudya zosakwanira komanso zopanda thanzi, zokhala ndi zakudya zamafuta ndi nyama yokazinga.
• Kupsinjika kwanthawi zonse, zizolowezi zoyipa. Makamaka kusuta (ngakhale kungokhala) ndi uchidakwa.
• Matenda a endocrine
• Matenda oopsa.
• Matenda a chiwindi, impso, kapamba.
• Njira za tumor, neoplasms yoyipa.
• Kumwa mankhwala ena ake.
• Age factor (chiopsezo cha matendawa chimawonjezeka pambuyo pa zaka 50).

Ichi si mndandanda wathunthu wazinthu zomwe zingakulitse cholesterol yamagazi. Kufufuza kwathunthu ndikufunsidwa kwa akatswiri osiyanasiyana (zamankhwala, othandizira, gastroenterologist) athandizira kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matenda. Wodwala yemwe akuphwanya zizindikiro, ndikofunikira kuwonedwa ndi katswiri ndikupereka magazi pafupipafupi kuti awunikidwe kuti athe kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol.

Cholesterol ndi "yoyipa" komanso "yabwino"

Nokha, tinthu tomwepi la chiwalochi silivulaza thupi, pokhapokha kutulutsa kwake m'magazi sikupitirira chovomerezeka. Ndikofunikira momwe cholesterol imapangidwira - "yabwino" kapena "yoyipa". Cholesterol yothandiza popanda zopunthira zimayenda m'matumbo, imalowa m'maselo ndi minofu. Mtundu wina - umasokoneza khoma lamitsempha, kukhazikika mkati mwa mawonekedwe a cholesterol plaque ndikuwonetsa njira zamagazi, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha kugunda kwa mtima kapena sitiroko.

Cholesterol wolondola kapena "wabwino" ndiwachulukidwe wama protein ambiri (HDL lipoproteins). Muzochita zachipatala, amatchedwa alpha - cholesterol.

Cholesterol yoopsa imazungulira m'thupi mozungulira pamagawo akuluakulu a kachulukidwe kochepa (LDL lipoproteins). Ndi gawo la organic lomwe limakonda kuphulika mitsempha yamagazi ndikupanga mapepala pazipupa zawo. Palinso mtundu wina wa cholesterol - awa ndi otsika kwambiri a lipoproteins (VLDL), amapangidwa mwachindunji mu khoma lamatumbo ndikuthandizira kunyamula cholesterol ku chiwindi. Koma m'magazi kachigawo kameneka sikamawonekera, chifukwa chake kusokonezeka kwa lipid kagayidwe kake ndizochepa.

Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "choyipa" ndi "chabwino" kumangopanga chisonyezo wamba, chomwe chimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesa kwa magazi kwamomwe ammwazi. Ngati kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kukwezedwa, kafukufuku wozama wa mbiri ya lipid yamagazi amachitika, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wambiri wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cholesterol.

Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yokwanira m'magazi kumachulukitsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima komanso matenda ena oopsa a mtima, omwe angayambitse imfa. Mlingo wabwinobwino komanso wotetezeka wa cholesterol m'mwazi wa munthu wamkulu umawerengedwa ngati chisonyezo chosaposa 5.2 mmol / l.

Koma posachedwa, akatswiri amasiyanitsa cholesterol m'magazi potengera zaka komanso jenda. Asayansi apeza kuti ngakhale fuko la munthu limakhudzana ndi zomwe zidapangidwazo, ndipo mwachitsanzo, mwa anthu okhala ku India kapena Pakistan, chizolowezi cha cholesterol ndichipamwamba kwambiri kuposa msinkhu wamba European.

Kodi cholesterol ndi chiyani pobadwa? Choyimira chowoneka chimaperekedwa ndi matebulo apadera omwe amawonetsa zofunikira za cholesterol zovomerezeka.

Mndandanda wa magazi a cholesterol mu mibadwo

Mulingo woyenera wa cholesterol yonse imawerengedwa ngati chizindikiro pansipa 5.2 mmol / L. Mulingo wovomerezeka wokwanira umakhala mu "pulagi" kuchokera 5.2 mpaka 6.2 mmol / l. Koma chizindikiro chopitilira 6.2 mmol / l chimawerengedwa kale, ndipo chikufunika kuchipatala.

Chikhalidwe cha mafuta m'thupi mwa akazi

Mlingo wa cholesterol kwa akazi

2.90-5.18 Zaka 5-102.26 – 5.301.76 – 3.630.93 – 1.89 Zaka 10-153.21-5.201.76 – 3.520.96 – 1.81 Zaka 15-203.08 – 5.181.53 – 3.550.91 – 1.91 Zaka 20-253.16 – 5.591.48 – 4.120.85 – 2.04 Zaka 25-303.32 – 5.751.84 – 4.250.96 – 2.15 Zaka 30-303.37 – 5.961.81 – 4.040.93 – 1.99 Zaka 35 mpaka 403.63 – 6.271.94 – 4.450.88 – 2.12 Zaka 40-453.81 – 6.531.92 – 4.510.88 – 2.28 Zaka 45-503.94 – 6.862.05 – 4.820.88 – 2.25 Zaka 50-554.20 – 7.382.28 – 5.210.96 – 2.38 Zaka 55-604.45 – 7.772.31 – 5.440.96 – 2.35 Zaka 60-65 zakubadwa4.45 – 7.692.59 – 5.800.98 – 2.38 65-70 wazaka4.43 – 7.852.38 – 5.720.91 – 2.48 > Zaka 70 zakubadwa4.48 – 7.252.49 – 5.340.85 – 2.38

Mwa akazi, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndi msinkhu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi omwe amagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwa zizindikiro kumawonedwa nthawi zambiri mukakhala ndi pakati kapena kumatha kulumikizidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, ndi matenda oyanjana.

Ali aang'ono, kagayidwe kachakudya mu thupi la mkazi chimachitika mwachangu, ndipo chakudya (ngakhale zonunkhira komanso zolemera) zimatengedwa mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, mulingo wa cholesterol, ngakhale osakhala ndi moyo wathanzi, umakhalabe munthawi yoyenera. Komabe, cholesterol imatha kuwonjezeka ngakhale muubwana pamaso pa matenda oyamba monga matenda a shuga, endocrine pathologies kapena chiwindi.

Oimira chiwalo chofooka, atadutsa mzere wa zaka 30, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi kumawonjezeka. Pankhaniyi, chiwopsezo cha kukhala ndi hypercholesterolemia chimawonjezeka ngati mkazi amasuta kapena amatenga njira zakulera za mahomoni. Pazaka izi, mukuyenera kuwunika kale zakudya, chifukwa ma metabolic amachepetsa, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kale kuti thupi lipange ndikutenga zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri komanso chakudya.

Ali ndi zaka 40-45, kupanga mahomoni ogonana achikazi - estrogens amachepetsa ndipo ntchito yobereka imazirala. Ndi kuyambika kwa kusintha kwa msambo, milingo ya estrogen imatsika kwambiri, ndipo izi zimabweretsa kudumphira mu cholesterol ndikuwonjezereka kwa magazi ake. Umu ndi momwe thupi lamunthu limakhalira, zomwe zimalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kuseri kwa mahomoni.

Ali ndi zaka 50, muyenera kuyang'anira thanzi lanu, zakudya komanso moyo wanu wonse. Ndikofunika kupitiliza kudya zakudya zochepa za cholesterol ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, nyama ndi mkaka, mazira, maswiti, mafuta a nyama. Gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu pano ndi azimayi omwe amasuta, onenepa kwambiri ndipo amakhala moyo wongokhala.

Mafuta a cholesterol pamibadwo ya amuna - gome

Chithunzi: Kukula kwa cholesterol pofika zaka za azibambo

Amuna ayenera kulabadira mwapadera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi, chifukwa, mosiyana ndi amayi, mtima wawo ndi mitsempha yamagazi siyotetezedwa ndi mahomoni ogonana. Kuphatikiza apo, mamembala ambiri ogonana mwamphamvu amakhala ndi zizolowezi zoyipa:

• utsi
• kumwa mowa kwambiri
• kudya kwambiri
• amakonda zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri komanso zamafuta ambiri

Chifukwa chake, chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis ndi zochitika zowopsa m'moyo (stroke, vuto la mtima) mwa amuna ndizambiri.

Komabe, mphamvu ya momwe ma pathological amagwiritsidwira ntchito moimira akazi kapena amuna ndi osiyana. Ngati amayi ali ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndi msinkhu, ndiye mwa amuna chiwonetserochi chimakwera mpaka zaka 50, kenako chimayamba kutsika. Komabe, theka la anthu amphamvu, zizindikiro za hypercholesterolemia nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa:

• Kuukira kwa angina komwe kumakhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa mitsempha ya m'mimba,
• kupezeka kwa zotupa pakhungu ndi mafuta akununkhira,
• kupuma movutikira zolimbitsa thupi pang'ono,
• kulephera kwa mtima
• kupweteka kwa miyendo
• mikwingwirima yaying'ono.

Mukulu, moyo wokhazikika wokha, kudya zakudya zoyenera, kukana zizolowezi zoyipa kungathandize abambo kusunga cholesterol pamlingo woyenera.

Ngati muli ndi cholesterol yayikulu, ndiye kuti tikupangira mankhwala othandiza kwambiri. Dziwani mtengo wa Aterol patsamba lawebusayiti.

Kuyesa kwa magazi: kudutsa bwanji ndi kusokonekera?

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa cholesterol. Kodi kuwola molondola?

Mwazi umatengedwa pa cholesterol mwamphamvu pamimba yopanda kanthu, nthawi zambiri m'mawa. Pankhaniyi, chakudya chotsiriza sichikhala choyambirira kuposa maola 8 - 10 asanafike magazi. Madzulo a njirayi, ndikofunikira kupatula kumwa mowa ndi mankhwala, kupewa kupsinjika kwakuthupi komanso kwamalingaliro. Musanapereke magazi, muyenera kudekha ndikuyesera kuti musadandaule, chifukwa nkhawa kwambiri kapena kuwopa njirayi kungakhudze zotsatira zomaliza.

Zotsatira za phunziroli zikuwonetsa wothandizira wanu zaumoyo zomwe cholesterol “chabwino” ndi “yoyipa” m'magazi ndi. Ngati mulingo wa lowop-density lipoprotein (LDL) ndiwokwera kuposa 4 mmol / l, izi zimawerengedwa kale kuti ndizoyambitsa chitukuko cha mtima. Ndipo muyenera kuyamba kulandira chithandizo ndikusinthasintha kwa moyo ndi zakudya.

Ngati mulingo wa cholesterol yopindulitsa (HDL) ukufika 5 mmol / L - izi zikuwonetsa kuti limachepetsa lipoprotein yotsika, imawatulutsa kukhoma lamitsempha yamagazi ndipo potero limateteza minofu yamtima. Ngati mulingo wake ukutsika pansi pa 2 mmol / l - chiopsezo cha masinthidwe azachilengedwe chikuwonjezeka.

Momwe mungachepetse cholesterol yamagazi - zakudya komanso zopatsa thanzi

Zakudya zoyenera zimathandiza kwambiri kupewa matenda a hypercholesterolemia komanso kukula kwa atherosulinosis. Ndi cholesterol yayikulu, ndikofunikira kupatula zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta a nyama, cholesterol ndi mafuta osavuta m'zakudya. Zakudya zoterezi zimayenera kutsatira moyo wake wonse. Ndi zochulukirapo pazizindikiro, zakudya zoyenera zimathandiza kuti muchepetse cholesterol ndikuisunga bwino.

Zinthu zomwe zimakweza cholesterol:

• nyama yamafuta, nyama zosuta, masoseji, mafuta anyama, mafuta
• mazira a nkhuku
• batala, margarine,
• msuzi wamafuta, mayonesi,
• zopangidwa mkaka zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri (zonona, tchizi, tchizi chokoleti, kirimu wowawasa),
• chakudya chofulumira, zakudya zam'chitini, zakudya zosavuta,
• ufa, confectionery,
• maswiti, chokoleti,
• khofi, zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi,
• mowa

Ndi cholesterol yowonjezereka m'magazi, muyenera kusiya kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, makamaka mowa ndi vinyo. Mu mowa wort muli cholesterol choyipa "choyipa," komanso ma viniga otsekemera okoma ndi osakaniza ndi shuga. Ngati moyo wosaganizira umaphatikizidwa ndi kusuta kufinya ndi kuchita zolimbitsa thupi, izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa cholesterol komanso mtima wamankhwala.

Ngati ndizovuta kwa odwala okalamba kusewera masewera, mumangofunika kusuntha kwambiri (kuyenda, kuyenda mpaka pansi pamasitepe). Njira izi, kuphatikiza zakudya zoyenera, zimathandiza kuchiritsa thupi.

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe ndizothandiza? Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kuphatikizapo

• Masamba atsopano ndi zipatso
• masamba saladi ndi mafuta masamba,
• nyama yopanda mafuta
• supu zamasamba
• nyemba
• zopangidwa ndi mkaka zamafuta ochepa,
• phala (buckwheat, oat, mapira, mpunga),
• madzi amchere, zakumwa zopanda zipatso, zakumwa zatsopano.

Mkate ndi bwino kudya tirigu wonse, ndi chinangwa kapena rye. Koma nsomba zamafuta, zomwe zili ndi omega-3 acid wathanzi, sizokwanira kudya, komanso zofunika. Izi zikuthandizira kupanga cholesterol yopindulitsa ndikuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa otsika osachulukitsa lipids.

Mankhwala

Ngati chizolowezi cha cholesterol pakubwera m'mwazi ndichuluka kwambiri, chakudya chimodzi sichingatheke. Pankhaniyi, dokotala adzalembera mankhwala, poganizira kuopsa kwa vutolo, zaka za wodwalayo komanso kupezeka kwa matenda onyansa.

Statin amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pothandiza odwala omwe ali ndi cholesterol yayikulu. Mankhwala ambiri m'gululi amatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta komanso azikhala ndi mndandanda wokwanira wotsutsa.

Chifukwa chake, madokotala akuyesera kuti apereke ma statins a m'badwo wotsiriza, wachinayi, omwe amaloledwa bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino ngakhale odwala okalamba omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana. Mfundo yakuchitikira kwa ma statins imakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha kuletsa kwa ma enzymes ena omwe amakhudzidwa ndikupanga cholesterol "yoyipa". Nthawi yomweyo, mankhwala amathandizira kupanga cholesterol yopindulitsa ndikubwezeretsa ndi kuyeretsa ziwiya zowonongeka.

Gulu lina la mankhwala ndi fibrin. Kuchita kwawo kuli ndi cholinga chochepetsera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa mafuta m'chiwindi. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito makamaka kuphatikiza ndi ma statins. Odwala omwe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa amayambitsa matupi awo sagwirizana ndi mankhwala amapatsidwa zakudya monga mankhwala azitsamba, mankhwala okhala ndi nicotinic acid, ndi mavitamini. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala amalangizidwa kuti atenge mafuta a nsomba, omwe amakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo a polyunsaturated omwe amathandizira kuti mafuta asakhale ndi mafuta ochepa.

Werengani ndemanga zamankhwala osokoneza bongo. Iyi ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yobweretsanso cholesterol.