Kugwirizana pakati pa kukhala wonenepa kwambiri ndi cholesterol

Zinthu zamkaka: skim mkaka, skim yogurt, kanyumba tchizi

Zinthu zophika buledi: mpunga, pasitala, mkate, mbewu monga chimanga, makeke ndi mafuta otsika mafuta ochepa

Mafuta ndi mafuta: mafuta a masamba omwe amakhala ndi mafuta osakwaniritsidwa (maolivi, chimanga, soya, mafuta a mpendadzuwa).

Zipatso ndi masamba: zipatso zamtundu uliwonse ndi ndiwo zamasamba zilizonse, malinga kuti zimadyedwa zosaphika kapena zokoma ndi azitona.

Zakudya kuthana ndi cholesterol Pazonse, ziyenera kukhala zopatsa mphamvu mosavuta, ndipo zam'minyewa, lipids ndi mapuloteni ziyenera kukhala 50%, 25%, 25%, motsatana. 10% lipids iyenera kukhala ndi mafuta a monounsaturated, 15% polyunsaturated mafuta acids.

Zakudya ziyenera kumalumikizidwa ndi zolimbitsa thupi zokwanira, ndiye kuti, osachepera maola 4 pa sabata ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi (ingopita tsiku lililonse mwachangu komanso osayima kwa mphindi zosachepera 30).

Mankhwala

Ngati, ngakhale mutadya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, phindu la cholesterol silikuchepa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Pali zinthu zambiri zogwira ntchito zomwe zimachepetsa cholesterol yamagazi. Zothandiza kwambiri ma statinsomwe amatchinga enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, yomwe imayang'anira kuphatikiza cholesterol.

Zithandizo zachilengedwe

Zithandizo zachilengedwe zochepetsa cholesterol zimaphatikizapo phytosterols, ndiye kuti, zitsulo zomwe zimapezeka m'mafuta azomera. M'malo mwake, ma Sterols amasintha ma cholesterol omwe amayendetsa ma cell.

Monga othandizira phytotherapeutic amalimbikitsidwa mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku phulusa ndi birch, masana, kapena kulowetsedwa kwa dandelion (kumwa m'mawa ndi madzulo pakati pa chakudya). Ndalamazi zimathandizanso kuyeretsa komanso kufewetsa thupi.

Cholesterol ndi Masewera

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zakudya zimakhudzana ndi cholesterol yokhayo, komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku, monga aerobics, amathandiza kwambiri kubwezeretsa moyenera pakati pa magawo a cholesterol "abwino" ndi "oyipa".

Malangizo othandiza: World Health Organisation (WHO) imalimbikitsa mphindi 30 zolimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse.

High cholesterol pa nthawi yapakati

Panthawi yapakati, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Zomwe zikukula izi zikuchitika chifukwa chakufunidwa kwakukulu kwa mwana wosabadwayo mwa chinthuchi, chomwe ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri kumankhwala am'mimba.

M'masabata oyambilira pambuyo pobadwa, cholesterol imasintha msanga. Kubwezeretsa kumachitika mofulumira kwambiri ngati mwana wakhanda wayamwitsidwa.

Zotsatira zake komanso chiopsezo chotengera atherosulinosis

Ngati mulingo wa cholesterol ndiwokwera, ndiye kuti chiopsezo chotenga matenda a atherosulinosis chimawonjezereka, chomwe chimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, makamaka mitsempha.

• Kuchuluka kwa plasma ndende ya LDL kumaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa lipoprotein mu mitsempha, yomwe, pamaso pa lipids, imabweretsa mapangidwe a atherosranceotic malo. Kutupa kwa maselo kumabweretsa kumatira kwa zinthu zopanda ntchito, zomwe zimayambitsa stenosis, ndiye kuti vasoconstriction.

• Ngati stenosis ikhudza mitsempha yomwe ikupereka mtima, izi zitha kuchititsa kuti kufa kwa ischemic maselo a mtima.
• Stenosis ya ziwiya zotumiza ubongo, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a sitiroko ndi matenda ena amitsempha.
• Pomaliza, mapangidwe a atherosselotic plaques mu zotumphukira ziwiya zimayambitsa arteriopathy.

M'malo mwake, cholesterol yokwanira ndi imodzi yokha mwazinthu zambiri zomwe zingayambitse matenda a atherosulinosis. Mlingo wa cholesterol "yoyipa", makamaka kuchuluka kwa LDL / HDL, komwe kumatchedwa mtima chiwopsezo.

Zikuyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti mndandanda wambiri wamatenda amtima komanso matenda amtima zimatengera zinthu zina, monga matenda a shuga, matenda oopsa, komanso kunenepa kwambiri.

Pofuna kukwanira, nazi zina zosangalatsa zosangalatsa zolumikizana ndi cholesterol yochepa kwambiri ndi chiopsezo cha khansa komanso matenda odzipha. Komabe, zambiri za miliri sizotsimikizika.

Cholesterol komanso onenepa kwambiri

Cholesterol wamkulu komanso wonenepa kwambiri ndi mapasa. Kutenga wodwala kunenepa kwambiri, dokotala nthawi yomweyo amakayikira zovuta zowonjezera za metabolic: shuga, gout, polycystic ovary, ndipo, motero, cholesterol yayikulu. Mafuta a cholesterol onenepa kwambiri. Ambiri (koma si onse) osusuka ndi onenepa kwambiri. Mutha kupeza odwala onenepa kwambiri popanda kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa metabolic. Ambiri, komabe, amakhala ndi ma triglycerides okwera komanso otsika a "cholesterol yabwino."

Insulin ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwa chiwindi.

Munthu amasokoneza thupi lake pakudya zakudya zovulaza. Izi makamaka zakudya zamankhwala, maswiti, ndi makeke, komanso zakudya zokometsera. Amakhala ndi sucrose ndi glucose, omwe, atamulowetsa m'thupi, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi kapena kupita molunjika m'chiwindi. Mu chiwindi, amadziunjikira, ndikupangitsa kunenepa kwake. Kunenepa kwambiri kwa chiwindi ndi gawo limodzi la kusokonekera kwa thupi, kuphatikiza kusokonekera kwa mahomoni ambiri. Chofunika kwambiri cha iwo ndi kukana (chitetezo chokwanira) kuzotsatira za insulin. Kukana kwa insulin ndi chimodzi mwazotsatira za kunenepa kwambiri mu chiwindi. Insulin suzindikiridwa bwino ndi thupi ndipo, kuti ikwaniritse ntchito yake, imachotsedweratu. Milingo yokhala ndi insulin yokwera imathandizira kunenepa kwambiri mu chiwindi ndi m'mimba.

Kunenepa kwambiri ndi Maswiti

Nthawi zambiri kulemera sikukwera nthawi yomweyo. Thupi limatha kupewa kunenepa kwambiri kwanthawi yayitali. Kunenepa kwambiri kumachitika mwadzidzidzi, kenako pang'ono chilichonse chokoleti chokoleti chimakweza msangawo mpaka kuoneka kuti sunali wolungamitsidwa! Pa ma kilogalamu! Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ma mahomoni m'thupi ndi mphamvu ya maswiti, osati chifukwa cha zopatsa mphamvu. Kunenepa kwambiri, makamaka kunenepa kwambiri kwa chiwindi, shuga amagwira ntchito yaying'ono, ngati piritsi, kuchititsa kusintha kwa mahomoni ena komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazomwe zikuwonetsa matenda am'mimba ndi kuphwanya cholesterol metabolism. Izi zimamasulira kukhala ma triglycerides okwera komanso otsika a cholesterol yabwino ya HDL. Mlingo wa cholesterol yoyipa ya LDL imakwera.

Kuchepetsa thupi sikuti nthawi zonse kumabweretsa kukonzedwa kwa cholesterol. Kuti muwongolere cholesterol, muyenera kudya moyenera.

Wodwala wodwala zolemera kwambiri pamalire onenepa kwambiri amabwera kwa ine. Cholesterol 300 mg / deciliter HDL25, Triglycerides 350 - zonse pafupi limodzi. Ichi ndi matenda a metabolic. Kunenepa kwambiri? Pali, ndithudi, kunenepa kwambiri. Komabe, nthawi ino siyophweka. Wodwala wanga wakuonda. Adataya ma kilogalamu asanu pamwezi, ndipo izi sizabwino konse. Anachepa thupi chifukwa cha pulogalamu yovuta yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuthamanga tsiku lililonse. Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi katatu pa sabata. Anachepa thupi, koma Cholesterol anangodzuka. Chifukwa chiyani? Kodi osewera wanga amadya chiyani? Madeti asanaphunzire. M'mawa, masana ndi madzulo - buledi. Mbatata, tiyi wokhala ndi shuga ... Mapuloteni ochepa kwambiri, mafuta ochulukirapo kwambiri. Wankhondo waku Somo atha kuphunzirapo kanthu pa zamanyazi izi. Sindikudziwa momwe adachepera thupi sindikudziwa. Mwinanso onse ofanana adalembetsedwa mu masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Cholesterol chokwera ndi chifukwa cha matenda azachilengedwe.

Cholesterol m'magazi athu samachokera kwathu konse. Chiwindi chimatulutsa cholesterol. Kuphwanya kagayidwe ka mafuta (cholesterol ndi triglycerides) mthupi kumawonetsa matenda a chiwindi. Shuga ndi makeke ndizoziziritsa poyizoni. Chakudya chopanda malire chimatha kuwononga thanzi lanu. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumafunikira mapuloteni kuti apange minofu yatsopano. Mafuta ochokera kuzakudya amatenga nawo mbali pomanga ndi kugwira ntchito kwa maselo a ma cell, kuyamwa kwa mavitamini ndikupanga mahomoni. Pakakhala mapuloteni osafunikira ndi mafuta, maselo amthupi amawonongeka, nkumayambitsa matenda a dongosolo.

Kuti muchepetse kunenepa komanso kuti musawononge thanzi lanu, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi sikokwanira. Pofuna kutsitsa cholesterol, chiwindi ndi thupi lonse lathunthu ziyenera kuchira. Masewera olimbitsa thupi ndiabwino. Ndikofunikanso kuganizira zakudya zomwe zili ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta, mapuloteni komanso chakudya. Chakudya chopatsa thanzi chokhazikika chimatha kusokoneza thupi ndikupangitsa kuti mafuta azituluka. Zakudya zomanga thupi ndizofunikira musanaphunzitsidwe, mapuloteni (tuna, nyama) - pambuyo pake, kuti apange minofu. Kuti njira zamitundu mitundu mthupi lathu ziziyenda moyenera, muyenera kumwa madzi ambiri, mavitamini okwanira ndi zinthu zazing'onoting'ono. Sikoyenera kuchita kuwerengera kosavuta. Zakudya zimayendera ndikuwunika kawiri ndi anthu mamiliyoni, madokotala ambiri ndi akatswiri azakudya. Kupanga menyu woyenera si ntchito yovuta yomwe akatswiri ambiri omwe satha kugwira. Pa tsamba langa la bilchinsky.com mupeza zambiri zokwanira kuti muyambe kudzipeza nokha.

Patsambali mupezapo zida zodziyimira nokha. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuthekera kwayekha payokha kulemera ndi graph, kuwerengera BMI ndi BMR. Izi ndi zinthu zaulere patsamba la SLIMMING DIARY. Kupangira wekha pogwiritsa ntchito diary mu GUG DRIVE ndi upangiri wa Skype ungapezeke mwa kusaina VIRUAL CLINIC.

Cholesterol choyipa komanso chabwino

Cholesterol m'thupi la munthu ili m'mitundu iwiri - ndiye otchedwa oyipa ndi abwino.

Izi ndi zinthu zopanda madzi ndipo m'magazi a anthu muli mawonekedwe a mapuloteni.

Mwanjira yovuta kupangira, izi zimatha kuloledwa ndi thupi la munthu.

Thupi limatulutsa cholesterol yambiri paokha yogwira ntchito m'maselo a chiwindi.

Mankhwala, pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya ma cholesterol ovuta omwe ali ndi mapuloteni:

1. High Density Lipoproteins - HDL.
2. Low Density Lipoproteins - LDL.

Chiwindi cha thupi la munthu chimapanga zinthu zovuta kukhala mgulu la HDL, ndipo LDL imachokera kumalo akunja limodzi ndi chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa.

Ma lipoproteins otsika kwambiri ndi mankhwala osakanikirana omwe amapanga cholesterol yoyipa. Ma lipoproteins apamwamba kwambiri amakhala kuti amadziwika kuti ndi cholesterol wabwino.

LDL yokwezeka mwa anthu ndi njira yofunikira kuti pakhale ma cholesterol amana ndi kukula kwa atherosulinosis.

Atherosulinosis imabweretsa kuwoneka kwa zovuta zambiri, mwa zomwe ma pathologies omwe amagwira ntchito mu mtima ndi ubongo ndizoopsa kwambiri.

Kunenepa kwambiri ndi cholesterol - ndikugwirizana kotani?

Asayansi azindikira njira yotsatirayi, munthu akakhala wokwanira, mafuta ambiri m'thupi mwake amapangidwa m'thupi mwake.

Mukuchita kafukufuku zidakhazikitsidwa kuti pakakhala kuchuluka kwa thupi lokhathamira 0,5 yokha, cholesterol m'thupi imakwera pomwepo ndi magawo awiri. Kudalira kwa kulemera kwambiri komanso cholesterol kumakupangitsani kuganizira kwambiri za thupi.

Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'thupi kumabweretsa kukula kwa zovuta zambiri.

Choyamba, zofunikira zakukula kwa vuto lotere la atherosulinosis limawonekera m'thupi la munthu. Matendawa ndi mawonekedwe a cholesterol amana pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi. Izi zimayambitsa zosokoneza m'magazi a thupi kupita ndi ma oksijeni ndi michere.

Kunenepa kwambiri kumayambitsa maonekedwe a mafuta m'thupi.

Kunenepa kwambiri kumawopseza anthu omwe amakhala moyo wopanda thanzi komanso osatsatira miyambo yoyenera ya zakudya zoyenera.

Gulu lamavuto a kunenepa kwambiri limaphatikizapo anthu:

• kudya zakudya zambiri zosavuta, nyama yokazinga ndi mbatata,
• kudya kuchuluka kwazowunikira,
• kukhala ndi moyo wosatekeseka komanso kusokonekera njira za metabolic.

Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri mthupi komanso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa cholesterol ya chiwindi kumapangitsa kukhalapo kwa thupi la munthu pamavuto ena ndi matenda, monga, mwachitsanzo, matenda a shuga.

Kukhalapo kwa cholesterol yochulukirapo ndi kulemera kwakukulu mwa munthu si chiganizo. Kusintha magawo awa ndikuwabweretsa mkhalidwe wabwinobwino, nthawi zina zimakhala zokwanira kusintha moyo wanu ndikusintha kadyedwe.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikulimbikitsidwa pankhaniyi kuti mupite kukasewera. Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi mokhazikika kumathandizira kuti muchepetse kuchepa kwa thupi ndi cholesterol yochepa m'thupi, komanso kulimbitsa kwake kwathunthu.

Mukamasintha chakudyacho ndikuchotsa zakudya zopezeka mu cholesterol yoipa kuchokera pamenepo, cholesterol yomwe imayikidwa pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi imayamba kusungunuka ndipo imatha kutha kwathunthu.

Zotsatira zakukula kwamunthu

Kuledzera kwa zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol yambiri kumabweretsa kusintha kwa njira zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti metabolism yachilengedwe ndiyabwino. Zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa milingo ya LDL komanso kukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri.Potsutsana ndi izi, atherosulinosis imayamba kupita patsogolo.

Kuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins otsika kwambiri m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti mafuta a cholesterol awonjezeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti miyala ya cholesterol ipangidwe nthawi yayitali.

Chizindikiro cha LDL ndi kuthekera kwawo kwapansi kupumira m'madzi poyerekeza ndi HDL. Mbali iyi ya chipangizo chovuta kwambiri imabweretsa kuti cholesterol yoyipa imayamba kukhazikika poyendetsa kayendedwe ka mtima. Kuchita kotereku, ndikudutsa kwake, kumabweretsa zosokoneza pakupereka zakudya zama cell ndi kuperekera kwa okosijeni m'maselo a minofu ya thupi.

Zisokonezozi zimayambitsa kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa ma pathologies m'thupi.

Chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwa milingo ya LDL komanso kuwonekera kwa kuchuluka kwamafuta ambiri, ntchito ya pafupifupi ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe awo mthupi la munthu imakhala yovuta kwambiri.

Choyamba, kugwira ntchito kwa mtima ndi mitsempha kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito ya kupuma imasokonekera - kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'mapapo kumachitika.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi milingo yayikulu yotsika kwambiri ya lipoprotein, mawonekedwe ndi kupita patsogolo kwa matenda oopsa, angina pectoris, kugunda kwa mtima, komanso stroko nthawi zambiri kuposa magulu ena.

Kukhazikika kwa mafuta m'mimba kumapangitsa kuti matumbo asamere, zomwe zimabweretsa kugwirira ntchito m'mimba, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lolimba.

Njira zochepetsera kulemera kwa thupi ndi cholesterol m'thupi

Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa LDL m'magazi ndi chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri.

Choyamba, kuti bizinesi iyi ibwerere mwakale, tikulimbikitsidwa kusintha moyo. Kuti achepetse kulemera kwa thupi, akatswiri azakudya zambiri amalangizanso kusintha zakudya zawo ndikumvetsera pazomwe zimayambira zamasewera m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.

Anthu amakonda kunenepa kwambiri komanso amalemba matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, akatswiri amalangizidwa nthawi zonse kuti azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Pachifukwa ichi, kukhala wathanzi ndilabwino.

Makamaka pachifukwa ichi, magulu athupi olimbitsa thupi apangidwa omwe amasiyana mwamphamvu mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi.

Cholesterol yoyipa ikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi:

1. Kusewera masewera.
2. Kuchulukitsa zolimbitsa thupi
3. Kusuta kufafaniza.
4. Kukana kumwa mowa.
5. Kutsika kwa gawo lamafuta a nyama ndi chakudya chamagulu m'zakudya.
6. Kuchulukitsa gawo la zomwe zili muzakudya za michere yazomera.
7. Kukonzekera kowonjezera komwe kumakhala ndi ma amino acid monga choline, lecithin ndi methionine. Kuphatikiza apo, alpha lipoic acid ikhoza kutumikiridwa.
8. Kuwonjezeka kwa zakudya zamagulu okhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri.

Kuchita ntchito yoletsa kunenepa kwambiri kumathandiza kusunga cholesterol pamlingo wovomerezeka, womwe umalepheretsa munthu kukhala ndi matenda ambiri okhudzana ndi matenda a metabolic.

Ubwenzi wa kunenepa kwambiri komanso atherosclerosis akufotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

Zomwe muyenera kudziwa za cholesterol "yoyipa": gawo m'thupi, chizolowezi ndi matenda, njira zamankhwala

Cholesterol, cholesterol (chole - bile ndi stereos - zovuta) ndi mowa wamafuta, womwe gawo lake m'thupi limakhala lokwera kwambiri, chifukwa pawiri:

1. Zimatenga gawo mu metabolism ya serotonin, mavitamini a mafuta osakanikirana (lipophilic) (A, D, E ndi K).
2. Ndi gawo lofunikira la ma plasma (cell) nembanemba, kuonetsetsa kukhazikika kwawo komanso kusankha kwakanthawi.
3. Amatenga nawo kapangidwe ka vitamini D, bile acids, steroid (androgens, estrogens, cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, etc.).
4. Kuphatikizidwa ndi kapangidwe ka myelin sheath ya mitsempha, kupereka kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwamphamvu yamagetsi.

• Lingaliro ndi mitundu ya lipoproteins
• Mlingo wa LDL ndi wabwinobwino komanso wopatsa matenda
• Njira zazikulu zochizira

Mafuta ambiri a cholesterol (pafupifupi 80%) amapangidwa ndi hepatocytes, 20% yotsala ya thupi imalandira ndi chakudya chanyama (nyama, offal, mazira, mkaka). Mamolekyu a cholesterol ndi osakwanira m'madzi, chifukwa chake "amadzaza" mu membrane wopangidwa ndi mapuloteni apadera, apolipoprotein, kuyendetsa thupi lonse.

Pulogalamu yotere, yomwe ndimapangidwe ake omwe ndi lipid ndi mapuloteni (apolipoprotein cholesterol), imatchedwa lipoprotein (lipoprotein).

Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu, lipoproteins zimabisidwa:

• kukwera kwambiri (HDL)
• kachulukidwe kakang'ono (LDL)
• wandiweyani wapakatikati (LPPP),
• kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri (VLDL).

Alpha-lipoproteins - High-density lipoproteins (HDL) - ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ndi katundu wa antiatherogenic. HDL imachotsa cholesterol kuchokera ku vasot endumhelium, kenako ndikupereka kwa hepatocytes, pomwe imasweka mpaka ma bile acid ndipo imachotsedwa (kuchotsedwapo) m'thupi kudzera m'mimba, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa atherosulinosis. Chifukwa chake, cholesterol ya HDL imatchedwanso "cholesterol" yabwino.

Beta lipoproteins ndi otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins (LDL) - kachigawo kena ka lipoproteins komwe kotsogolera kolesterol kumisempha (mpaka 75%). VLDL ndiye otsogola a LDL.

Ndi kuphatikiza kwambiri, ma beta-lipoproteins amagwidwa ndi maselo am'mimba a m'mimba ndi mapangidwe a cholesterol plaque omwe amachititsa kuti lumen isamveke bwino komanso amathandizira kupanga mapangidwe amwazi, zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa zochitika monga atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamagazi ndi chithokomiro, ziwiya zamagawo otsika.

Pambuyo pake, matendawa amatha kubweretsa myocardial infarction ndi ischemic stroke.

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol imalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis komanso kupitilira kwake kuposa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yathunthu, chifukwa chake mafuta a cholesterol a LDL amatchedwa "cholesterol" yoyipa.

Intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) - ochepa mwa ma lipoprotein omwe amapangidwa ndi VLDL metabolism, ali ndi kuthekera kwakuwonjezeka kwa atherogenic.

Prebeta lipoproteins - Kutsika Kwambiri Kwapachulukidwe Lipoprotein (VLDL) - lipoproteins kwambiri atherogenic yomwe imakhudzidwa ndikupanga cholesterol malo. Ma VLDL amapangidwa ndi hepatocytes, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumalowa m'magazi amitsempha.

Masiku ano, zambiri zikunenedwa za kuopsa kwa cholesterol. Atolankhani nthawi zambiri amamutsutsa mopanda ulemu, ndikumati iye ndiye chifukwa chachikulu kwambiri champhamvu chamtima:

• matenda a mtima
• angina pectoris / angina pectoris,
• pachimake myocardial infaration,
• discirculatory encephalopathy,
• chosakhalitsa chiwembu,
• OMK - sitiroko (kufa kwa minofu ya muubongo),
• nephrossteosis - makwinya a impso osasinthika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwalo ziwoneke,
• pang'onopang'ono atherosclerosis ya ziwiya zam'mphepete, kutha ndi gangore.

Koma madotolo sioteronso. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mu zochulukirapo (3.3-5.2 mmol / L), gawo la organic ndilofunikira kwa thupi lathu. Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za chinthu ndi monga:

1. Kulimbitsa khoma la khungu. Cholesterol ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapanga ma cell a thupi la munthu. Zimapatsa kukhazikika komanso kutanuka, kuchepetsa mwayi wolephera msanga.
2. Kuunikira kwa kupezeka kwa nembanemba kwamaselo ofiira a m'magazi ndi maselo ena amthupi la munthu. Amachepetsa chiopsezo cha hemolysis (chiwonongeko) mothandizidwa ndi poizoni ndi ziphe zina.
3. Kutenga nawo gawo kapangidwe ka mahomoni a steroid m'maselo a adrenal glands. Cholesterol ndiye gawo lalikulu la cortisol ndi ma GCS ena, mineralocorticoids, mahomoni achimuna ndi amuna.
4. Kutenga nawo gawo pakupanga ma bile acids, omwe ali gawo la bile ndipo amathandizira kugaya chakudya mwanjira wamba.
5. Kutenga nawo gawo popanga vitamini D, yemwe ali ndi mafupa amphamvu komanso chitetezo chokwanira.
6. Kuwongolera kwa ulusi wamanjenje mu myelin sheath. Cholesterol ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma electrochemical excavation adutsidwe kudzera mu maselo amitsempha.

Pazonse, thupi limakhala ndi 200 g ya cholesterol, ndipo malo ake osungunulira nthawi zambiri amakonzedwanso. Pafupifupi 80% ya kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa mowa wa lipophilic amapangidwa ndi maselo ake a chiwindi, ndipo 20-25% yokha imachokera ku chakudya.

Cholesterol ya Endo native (intrinsic), yofanana ndi kunja (kuchokera kunja), imagwira ntchito m'madzi, chifukwa chake, imangonyamulidwa pabedi lamankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni apadera - ma apolipoproteins.

1. Chylomicrons. Kukula kwakukulu ndi 75 nm - 1.2 ma microns. Izi ndizinthu zazikulu kwambiri zomanga thupi m'thupi. Amapangidwa m'matumbo am'mimba kuchokera ku lipids omwe amabwera ndi chakudya, ndikupita ku chiwindi kuti akapitilize kukonzekera komanso kaphatikizidwe ka lipoproteins. M'magazi oyipa / am'madzi amunthu wathanzi samatsimikizika.
2. VPLL lipoproteins (otsika kwambiri). Pulogalamu yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri ya lipid-protein, kukula kwake kumasiyana 30 mpaka 80 nm. Amakhala ndi triglycerides (gwero lalikulu lamagetsi m'maselo) ndipo, pang'ono, cholesterol.
3. LDL lipoproteins (otsika kachulukidwe). Kukula kwakukulu ndi 18-26 nm. Ndiwotsiriza wa sayansi ya VLDLP: amapangika chifukwa cha lipolysis yamapeto. LDL imakhala ndi molekyu imodzi yamapuloteni, yomwe, kuphatikiza mayendedwe amafuta, ndikofunikira kumangiriza kwa ma receptor pamwamba pa maselo, ndi cholesterol yayikulu.
4. HDL lipoproteins (kachulukidwe kwambiri). Kachigawo kakang'ono kwambiri ka cholesterol m'thupi (m'mimba mwake sikupitirira 10-12 nm). HDL nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mamolekyulu a protein ndipo pafupifupi ilibe cholesterol kapena lipids ina.

Kuphatikiza pakugawanika mwa kuphatikizidwa kwa michere, lipoprotein yamagawo angapo amagwira ntchito zina mthupi. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, LDL, kutembenuka kuchokera ku VLDL, ndiye chonyamula chachikulu cha cholesterol kuchokera ku hepatocytes kupita ku ziwalo zonse ndi matishu.

Akuluakulu ndikukhala ndi mamolekyulu amafuta, amatha "kutaya" gawo la lipids, lomwe pambuyo pake limakhazikika pakhoma lamkati la arterial network, limalimbitsidwa ndi minofu yolumikizidwa ndikuwonekera.

Njira imeneyi imayambitsa pathogenesis ya atherosulinosis - imodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtima lero. Kuti athe kupangitsa kuti matendawa azitukuka komanso kuthekera kwa HDL, adalandira dzina lachiwiri - cholesterol yoyipa.

Mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa lipoprotein, mosiyana, amayendetsa mamolekyu a lipid osatulutsidwa ndi maselo kupita ku chiwindi kuti asinthidwe ndi mankhwala mu bile acid ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera m'mimba. Kuyenda pabedi lamitsempha, amatha kugwira cholesterol "yotayika", potero kuyeretsa mitsempha ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa malo a atherosranceotic.

Kuwonjezeka kwa LDL ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu cha dyslipidemia (kuphwanya mafuta kagayidwe). Izi zitha kukhala asymptomatic kwa nthawi yayitali, komabe, zimapangitsa kusintha kwa atherosulinotic nthawi yomweyo.

Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa m'magazi pazomwe mukufuna kukuthandizani kuti muchepetse pathogenesis ya atherosulinosis ndikuchepetsa kwambiri mwayi wokhala ndi matenda amtima wodwala.

Chifukwa chake, bwanji kuchepetsa cholesterol yoyipa ndikupewa mavuto azaumoyo? Chithandizo cha atherosulinosis ndi njira yovuta komanso yamagulu ambiri, yomwe imaphatikizapo njira zochizira komanso zosavuta. Mu milandu yapamwamba matendawa, pamene atherosselotic zolembera pafupi kuphimba chimbudzi cha chotengera, chithandizo cha opaleshoni chikusonyezedwa - kuchititsa opareshoni kapena kuchitira opaleshoni njira.

Malangizo onse

Njira zomwe zimachepetsa cholesterol yoyipa m'magazi ndi monga:

1. Kuwongolera kwamoyo. Odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a atherosulinosis amalangizidwa kuti azikhala nthawi yayitali mlengalenga, nthawi zambiri amayenda, kupewa kupsinjika ndi kupsinjika, ndikugawa nthawi moyenera ntchito.
2. Kutsatira mfundo za hypocholesterol zakudya. Nyama yamafuta (nkhumba, ng'ombe, mwanawankhosa), mafuta anyama, kirimu, tchizi zakupsa ndi batala ndizoletsedwa. Zakudya zomwe zimachepetsa cholesterol yatsopano zimaphatikizapo masamba ndi zipatso, michere, ndi chimanga. Amathandizira kukhazikitsa chimbudzi ndikuchotsa lipids zosafunikira m'thupi masana.
3. Kukana zizolowezi zoipa. Kuledzera, kusuta fodya mwachangu / mwachangu zina mwazinthu zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha atherosulinosis.
4. Kuchita masewera. Pankhaniyi, mtundu wovomerezeka wolimbitsa thupi umasankhidwa payekha ndi dokotala. Ikhoza kukhala kusambira, kuthamanga, kuvina, yoga, Pilates ndi zina zambiri. Katundu woyenera wodwala amayesedwa kutengera mbiri yakale, mkhalidwe wamtima wam'magazi, kupezeka kapena kusapezeka kwa matenda ophatikizika.

Ngati njira zambiri zolimbanirana ndi atherosulinosis sizingabweretse zotsatira zomwe zingafunike kwa miyezi iwiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa sikukwanira pazomwe mukufuna panthawi imeneyi, mankhwala othandizira angafunike.

Kodi ndi cholesterol yani yomwe imawonedwa kukhala yabwinobwino m'magazi a munthu ndi momwe angasinthire?

Masiku ano, mwatsoka, kufa kwa matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi ndikokwera kwambiri. Kwambiri, nthawi zonse, zomwe zimayambitsa izi, thrombosis ndi thromboembolism, ndi oopsa anzawo a atherosulinosis amitsempha yamagazi. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi zamanyazi ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'mwazi.

About cholesterol

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zapadziko lonse lapansi, chomwe chimayambitsa kufa ndi matenda amtima. Atherosulinosis ndi zovuta zake: kupweteka kwamkati, kukomoka, kulephera kwa mtima, kukhala nawo amodzi mwa mndandanda.

Popeza atherosulinosis ndi chimodzi mwazotsatira za vuto la lipid metabolism, makamaka cholesterol metabolism, m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi gulu lino lawonedwa kuti ndi loopsa kwambiri.

Komabe, munthu ayenera kudziwa kuti cholesterol yowonjezera m'thupi ndi chimodzi mwazotsatira za moyo wamakono. Choyamba, thupi la munthu ndi njira yokhazikika yomwe singathe kuyankha nthawi yomweyo kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo.

Zakudya zamunthu wamakono ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zakudya za agogo ake. Mitundu yofulumira ya moyo imathandizanso kusokoneza ma metabolic. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti cholesterol ndi imodzi mwazinthu zachilengedwe komanso zofunikira zapakatikati ya metabolism.

ma acids a bile, vitamini D3 ndi mahomoni a corticosteroid, ndikofunikira kuti mavitamini osungunuka a mafuta asungunuke. Pafupifupi 80% ya chinthuchi imapangidwa m'chiwindi, munthu winayo amalandila ndi chakudya chochokera kuchinyama.

Komabe, cholesterol yayikulu siyabwino, yowonjezera imayikidwa mu ndulu ndi pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi, ndikupangitsa matenda a ndulu ndi atherosulinosis.

M'magazi, cholesterol imayenda mozungulira ma lipoproteins, omwe amasiyana mu mphamvu ya physicochemical. Amagawidwa kukhala "oyipa", cholesterol ya atherogenic ndi "zabwino", anti-atherogenic. Gawo la atherogenic limakhala pafupifupi 2/3 ya cholesterol yonse.

Mulinso ma lipoprotein otsika kwambiri komanso otsika kwambiri (LDL ndi VLDL, motsatana), komanso tizigawo ting'onoting'ono. Ma lipoproteins otsika kwambiri amadziwika kwambiri kuti triglycerides. M'mabuku akunja, amaphatikizidwa pansi pa dzina wamba "atherogenic lipoprotein", lomwe likuwonetsedwa ndi chidule cha LDL.

Ma lipoproteins apamwamba kwambiri (HDL, cholesterol "chabwino") amapanga 1/3 yonse.Mitengo iyi imakhala ndi ntchito yotsutsa-atherogenic ndipo imathandizira kuyeretsa kwa makoma a mtima oyika ma tizigawo ting'onoting'ono.

Malire wamba

Musanayambe nkhondo yolimbana ndi "mdani Nambala 1", muyenera kuyerekezera kuchuluka kwa mafuta a cholesterol, kuti musapitenso kwina ndikutsitsa zomwe zili pansi kuti zitsike kwambiri. Kuyesa mkhalidwe wa lipid metabolism, kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi kumachitika.

Kuphatikiza pazomwe zenizeni zonse za cholesterol, chidwi ziyenera kuperekedwa pazachigawo cha atherogenic ndi antiatherogenic. Kuphatikizidwa kwa mankhwala kwa anthu athanzi ndi 5.17 mmol / L; ndi matenda a shuga komanso matenda amtima, mulingo wovomerezeka ndi wotsika, osapitirira 4.5 mmol / L.

Zigawo za LDL nthawi zambiri zimakhala mpaka 65% yathunthu, ina yonse ndi HDL. Komabe, pagulu la zaka 40 mpaka 60, nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuchuluka kumeneku komwe kumasunthidwa kumayendedwe "oyipa" okhala ndi zisonyezo wamba zofananira.

Mafuta a cholesterol ndiokwera kwambiri mwa akazi kuposa anzawo, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesedwa kwa magazi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuthupi kwa thupi la Horona.

M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kufa kwa matenda a mtima kwakhala kukutsogolera padziko lonse lapansi. Sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti ndi cholesterol yomwe imakhudza mtima ndi mtsempha wamagazi.

Kupitilira muyeso wathanzi kumawopseza kukhazikika kwa matenda a mtima komanso sitiroko, ndipo kumatha kupha. Izi zikuwopseza makamaka amuna omwe ziwiya zawo sizitetezedwa ku cholesterol plaques ndi zotsatira zabwino za estrogen (mahomoni ogonana achikazi).

Cholesterol ndi chinthu chokhala ngati mafuta chomwe ndi gawo lamaselo ambiri mthupi la munthu. Gawo lake limalowa mthupi mukamadya zakudya zamafuta, mbali inayo imapangidwa ndi ziwalo zamkati (chiwindi, tiziwalo tamadontho ndi matumbo).

Cholesterol (dzina lina la cholesterol) ikhoza kukhala yamitundu iwiri:

• kachulukidwe kakakulu, osati kowopsa m'mitsempha yamagazi,
• kachulukidwe kakang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ziphuphu zowirira zomwe zimadutsa lumen ya mitsempha yamagazi.

Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi kumatsogolera ku mawonekedwe ake pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi ndikupanga mapepala omwe amatchinga magazi. Vasoconstriction imabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kuchepa kwa zakudya zamagulu osiyanasiyana.

• matenda amtsempha wamagazi
• angina pectoris
• matenda oopsa
• necrosis ya minofu yamtima (vuto la mtima).

Matendawa amatha kubweretsa kulemala kwambiri komanso ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azifa padziko lonse lapansi.

Thandizo! Congestion ya chotengera muubongo nthawi zambiri chimayambitsa sitiroko, momwe ma cell amasiyira kulandira mpweya wabwino ndikufa. Kugwidwa koopsa kumatha kudzetsa ziwengo kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo kungayambitse kufa msanga.

Kufunika kwa Cholesterol kwa Amuna

Choyamba, cholesterol ndiyofunikira kuti pakhale mafuta achilengedwe m'chiwindi, zomwe ndizofunikira pakukumba kwathunthu kwamafuta olowera m'thupi. Kuchita ntchito iyi, mpaka 70% ya zinthu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuphatikiza apo, cholesterol yokwanira imachepetsa kuyamwa kwa mavitamini ena osungunuka mafuta ofunikira kuti thupi lonse lizigwira ntchito. Makamaka, mavitamini A, K, D, E sangathe kuyamwa kwathunthu popanda kusungunuka m'mafuta a cholesterol.

Mayeso a cholesterol mwa amayi apakati nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol. Ndipo izi sizangozi - chinthucho ndichofunikira kwambiri kuti muchepetse kukula kwa zolakwika zazikulu mwa mwana. Kuphatikiza apo, cholesterol imalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndikupanga mahomoni ogonana m'thupi, kuchepa kwake kumayambitsa kugona kwakugonana komanso kusabereka.

Zofunika! Osadalira zakudya zokhala ndi cholesterol kuti musinthe ntchito zogonana mwa amuna. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kupitirira kuchuluka kwa chinthu chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa kumatha kuyambitsa kusokonekera kwa thupi, popeza kufalikira kwa ziwalo zoonda kwambiri zamanuna kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa magazi kulowa mkati.

Zakudya zopanda thanzi zimatengedwa kuti ndizomwe zimayambitsa cholesterol yokwanira. Kuwona kwa zakudya zamafuta amnyama (nyama, mafuta anyama, offal, tchizi, batala) ndi kusowa kwa fiber mu thupi kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mtima.

Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zotsatirazi zimatsogolera ku cholesterol yowonjezera:

• kusuta, kuphwanya kuchuluka kwa mitsempha yamagazi,
• thrombotic yothandizira nkhanza
• zolimbitsa thupi
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mahomoni kwakanthawi,
• matenda a chiwindi ndi ndulu, matenda a shuga,
• chibadwa.

Mafuta ena owonjezera amayamba kudziunjikira pakhoma lamkati lamitsempha yamagazi. Zotsatira zake, mapepala opanda inshuwaransi amapangidwa, kuchepetsa kwambiri kupepuka kwa chotengera ndikuletsa kutuluka kwamagazi kwathunthu.

Ngati chikhalacho chimalepheretsa lumen, kutuluka kwa zinthu zofunika m'maselo kumasiya ndipo zimafa. Choopsa chapadera ndicho kufalikira kwa ziwongo m'matumbo a mtima ndi ubongo, pomwe kuyimitsidwa kwa magazi ndikuwopseza ndi vuto la mtima kapena stroke.

Kuphatikiza apo, chovala chovunda m'thupi lililonse chimatha kubweretsedwa ndi magazi kumitsempha yama coronary, yomwe ingayambitsenso wodwalayo mwadzidzidzi. Kavalidwe m'magazi mu ubongo nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kugwedezeka kwakukulu ndipo amathanso kufa.

Thandizo! Zaka zaposachedwa, asayansi apeza umboni wokhudzana pakati pa matenda a Alzheimer's ndi cholesterol yayikulu yamagazi. Ngati kuyezetsa magazi kukuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu kwa chinthu choperekedwa pazaka khumi, ngozi ya matenda imachuluka kwambiri.

Pali zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zimathandiza kukayikira kuchuluka kwa cholesterol popanda kuyesedwa kwapadera kwa magazi. Izi ndi monga izi:

• kupweteka pamtima pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• kupweteka ndi kulemera m'miyendo yam'munsi poyenda,
• maonekedwe achikasu pansi pa khungu (makamaka pamalo amaso),
• chingwe cha imvi kuzungulira cornea ali aang'ono komanso okhwima.

Zofunika! Kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwamafuta m'mimba pafupifupi nthawi zonse ndi chizindikiro cha cholesterol yokwanira. Chiwongola dzanja chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa ndi madokotala kwa abambo sichiyenera kupitirira 95 cm.

Chifukwa chake kusanthula sikumakhala koyenera

Mlingo wa cholesterol woyipa umatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuyezetsa magazi biochemical. Kuphatikiza apo, mayesowa amatha kuchitika onse payekhapayekha komanso monga mbali yowunika bwino kwama metabolism a mafuta mthupi - lipidograms.

Mbiri ya lipid imakupatsani mwayi wowunika bwino womwe ungakhale ndi vuto la atherosulinosis ndi zovuta zake zomwe zimawopseza munthu aliyense payekhapayekha. Monga gawo la kuyeseza koyeserera, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zitsimikiza:

• OH (cholesterol yathunthu),
• VLDL,
• LDL (cholesterol yoyipa),
• HDL (cholesterol yabwino)
• TG (triglycerides),
• CA (mgawo wa atherogenicity).

Chosangalatsa kwa katswiri sikuti ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol chokwanira, choyipa komanso chabwino, komanso cohero. Chowunikira ichi chimawerengedwa ndi formula: CA = (OX - cholesterol yabwino) / cholesterol yabwino ndikuwonetsa chiopsezo chotenga atherosulinosis wodwala uyu. Chifukwa chake, kukwera kwambiri kwa LDL, VLDL ndi TG mthupi, kumakhala koyipa kwambiri:

• chizindikiro cha 2-2.5 ndipo pansipa chikufanana ndi chizolowezi (chiopsezo chochepa chotengera atherosulinosis),
• 2,5-3 - chiopsezo cha kumalire ndi matendawa,
• 3-4 - chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ndi cholesterol malo,
• 4-7 - atherosulinosis yothandiza: wodwalayo amafunikira kupimidwa ndikuwathandizanso,
• pamwambapa 7 - atherosulinosis yayikulu: kufunsira kwa akatswiri ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Kusanthula payekha kwa LDL kungapatsenso adokotala chidziwitso chokwanira. Malinga ndi zomwe zaposachedwa, kafukufuku wotere (kuphatikizapo kutsimikiza kwa OH ndi HDL), akatswiri amalimbikitsa kudutsa zaka zisanu zilizonse, kuyambira zaka 25.

Achichepere otere, omwe madokotala amalangizira kusamalira thanzi lawo, amafotokozedwa mophweka kuti: Masiku ano pali chizolowezi “chobwezeretsanso” matenda ambiri amtima, kuphatikizapo matenda a mtima komanso stroko.

Nthawi zambiri pamachitika zotupa za atherosselotic zama mtsempha wamagazi zimawonedwa mwa achinyamata ngakhale ana a sukulu aang'ono.

Ndipo momwe mungakulitsire phindu la kafukufukuyu? Kuti mayesowo akhale odalirika momwe angathere, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti wodwala azikonzekera njira yosavuta pokonzekera magazi:

1. Popeza kuwunika kwa LDL kumaperekedwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, chakudya chomaliza sichikhala mochedwa kuposa masiku 18 mpaka 19 a tsiku lapita.
2. M'mawa pa tsiku la mayeso, simungathe kudya kapena kumwa chilichonse (kupatula madzi oyera okha).
3. Lekani kumwa mowa patatsala masiku awiri musanayesedwe.
4. Idyani monga mwa nthawi zonse kwa masabata 2-3 musanawunike. Kwa masiku 2-3, ndizomveka kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta owonjezera omwe amapezeka muzinthu zanyama - nyama ndi mafuta, mkaka, mazira, etc. Izi sizingakhudze kudalirika kwa mayesowo, koma kuyendetsa ntchito ya othandizira ogwira ntchito.
5. Pakadutsa masiku 3-4, pewani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupsinjika.
6. Osasuta osachepera theka la ora musanayesedwe.
7. Musanayambe kumwa magazi, khalani m'malo abata kwa mphindi 5-10.

Kusanthula pa OX kumachitika ndi njira yolumikizana yapadziko lonse ya Ilk / Abel. Mlingo wa cholesterol yoyipa komanso tizigawo tina ta lipid timatsimikiza ndi njira zopangira zithunzi. Mayesowa ndiwowononga nthawi, koma ogwira ntchito, olondola ndipo ali ndi zotsatira zake.

Makhalidwe abwinobwino a cholesterol yoyipa m'magazi a azimayi, abambo ndi ana amaperekedwa pagome pansipa.

Tcherani khutu! Miyezo ya kusanthula kwa LDL imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera zida ndi ma septit omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu labotale iliyonse.

Makhalidwe abwinobwino a cholesterol yoyipa, bola ngati mbiri ya lipid ndiyabwino pazonse, ndi chizindikiro chabwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kagayidwe ka lipid mu thupi la munthu sichilemala: odwala otere samakumana ndi atherosulinosis ndi zovuta zake.

Kutsika kwa milingo ya LDL sikofunikira kawirikawiri mu labotale. Nthawi zambiri, pazinthu zina pakuwunika kwa metabolism yamafuta, ilibe tanthauzo lachipatala ndipo, m'malo mwake, imatha kuonedwa ngati imodzi mwazinthu zothandizira antiatherogenic.

Koma ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa osachulukitsa lipoproteins, madokotala nthawi zambiri amakumana. Kuti mumve zambiri pazomwe zimayambitsa dyslipidemia, komanso momwe mungachepetse cholesterol yanu yoyipa, onani gawo ili pansipa.

Tisanadziwe momwe tingachotsere mafuta osokoneza thupi m'thupi komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri vuto la kugunda kwa mtima ndi sitiroko, tiyeni timvetsetse zomwe zimayambitsa kukhudzidwa kwa LDL. Zomwe zili pachiwopsezo cha izi:

1. Kulemera kwambiri. Kunenepa kwambiri (chitsimikizo chachipatala - BMI pamwambapa 30) ndizowopsa zaumoyo momwe mitundu yonse ya metabolism (kuphatikizapo mafuta) imasokonekera, komanso ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati ndi machitidwe. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi atherosulinosis iyenera kukhala yogwira ntchito momwe angathere: kuchepetsa thupi kumachepetsa cholesterol yoyipa m'magazi ndikuchepetsa katundu pamtima.
2. Zakudya zopanda pake. Chimodzi mwamavuto omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha kusokonekera kwa kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kuchuluka kwamphamvu ya cholesterol ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochulukirapo azinyama. Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol yambiri? Izi zimaphatikizapo nyama yamafuta ndi mafuta anyama, offal (ubongo, impso, lilime, chiwindi), mkaka wonse ndi mkaka (zonona, batala, tchizi cholimba).
3. Mowa Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kukangalika kwambiri kwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa kumayambitsa kupangika kwa microdamage kwa mtima endothelium komanso kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa. Ndondomekozi zimakhala maziko a pathogenetic popanga cholesterol malo. Nthawi yomweyo, zinatsimikiziridwa kuti kumwa moyenera (100-150 ml pa sabata) vinyo wouma wofiira, m'malo mwake, kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pamachitidwe a mtima wamtima.
4. Kupsinjika, nyengo yayikulu ya psycho-mtima kunyumba kapena kuntchito. Kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha kumakwiyitsa kukula kwa cholesterol yoyipa m'magazi, popeza kuti organic phatikizoli limaphatikizidwa pakuphatikizidwa kwa cortisol (mahomoni otchedwa nkhawa, omwe amathandiza thupi kuti lizolowere kusintha nyengo pochitika).
5. Kutupa kwam'tsogolo ndi matenda amtundu. Pangozi ndi anthu omwe ali ndi mabanja a hyperliproteinemia, polygenic hypercholesterolemia, dysbetalipoproteinemia. Kukula kwa kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kwamafuta kumakhudzidwanso ndi kupezeka kwa matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima, matenda oopsa komanso matenda ena a mtima mwa anthu a mzere woyamba wa ubale.
6. Matenda a somatic pathologies amayamba chifukwa cha dyslipidemia. Miyezo ya LDL imatha kuwonjezeka ndimatenda a chiwindi ndi m'mimba, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, tiziwalo timene timatulutsa magazi, ndi magazi.
7. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakanthawi mankhwala ena: mahomoni a corticosteroid (prednisone, dexamethasone), njira zakulera zam'mlomo, androgens.

Asanatsike kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zifukwa zomwe ikukula mwa wodwala aliyense. Chisamaliro chokhudza thanzi lawo liyenera kuperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto limodzi kapena zingapo. Ngakhale ngati palibe chomwe chimawavutitsa, ndikofunikira kupereka magazi kwa mbiri ya lipid pakapita zaka zitatu zilizonse.

Monga tawonetsera, cholesterol yotsika ya HDL sigwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira chifukwa chazochepa kwambiri. Komabe, zingapo mwatsatanetsatane m'mikhalidwe zomwe cholesterol yoyipa imakhala yochepa:

• banja (cholowa) hypocholesterolemia,
• kuwonongeka kwambiri kwa minyewa ya chiwindi ndi hepatosis, cirrhosis,
• Mafupa owoneka ngati mafupa,
• hyperthyroidism - kuwonjezeka kwatsiku la zochitika za chithokomiro.
• nyamakazi, arthrosis (kuphatikizapo autoimmune),
• kuchepa magazi (vitamini B12-kuperewera, kuperewera kwa folic acid),
• kupsa wamba,
• pachimake matenda opatsirana
• COPD

Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi yomweyo ayambe kulandira matenda oyambitsidwa. Njira zowonjezereka zowonjezera cholesterol m'magazi sizimakhalapo chifukwa cha kusazindikira kwawo.

Global -ulin yomanga ma globulin kapena SHBG ndi glycoprotein, puloteni yonyamula yomwe ntchito yake yayikulu ndikumanga ndi kusamutsa mahomoni ogonana (GH) kuzinthu zoyendera magazi, mwa kuyankhula kwina, puloteni iyi ndi mtundu wa "galimoto" ya androgens (amuna GH) ndipo estrogen (PG yachikazi).

Mapuloteni omwe amamangiriza ndikusintha mahomoni ogonana ali ndi mayina angapo ndi mafotokozedwe ena, ndipo nthawi zambiri amayambitsa zovuta kwa odwala omwe alandila zotsatira za mayeso awo amanja. Popeza ndizovuta kuneneratu kuti ndi mayina ati omwe adzasankhidwa ndi labotale inayake, ndikofunika kudziwitsa owerenga chidwi njira zomwe zingapangidwe ndi SHBG m'mitundu iyi:

• SHBG - Globalbulin yomanga ma sex,
• TeBG - Global testosterone yomanga testosterone-estrogen,
• ASH - androgen-binding globulin,
• Kugonana globulin
• SSSG ndi Globalbulin yolepheretsa kugonana,
• PSSG ndi Globalbulin yoletsa kugonana,
• TESG ndi testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin.

Mapuloteni apadziko lonse am'mimba opangidwa ndi ma cell amapanga maselo a hepatic parenchyma.Kuphatikizika kwa kumanga ndi kunyamula mapuloteni a GH kumatha kusinthidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, choyambirira, kuchuluka kwa zaka zomwe munthu wakhala.

Kupanga kwa mapuloteniwa m'maselo a chiwindi (hepatocytes) kumadalira kwambiri zomwe zili mu mahomoni ogonana, pomwe androjeni amayambitsa gawo lotsika la glycoprotein lomwe limamangiriza mahomoni ogonana, ndi estrogens, m'malo mwake, amathandizira pakuwonjezeka kwake.

Chikhalidwe cha SHBG mu plasma mwa akazi chimatha kukhala chimodzi ndi theka mpaka kawiri kuposa amuna. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti m'magazi a theka lamphamvu laumunthu, kuyesa komwe kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ofotokozedwaku kumachitika ngati gawo la androgen yayikulu m'magazi idatsitsidwa, mwa azimayi seramu imayesedwa motere ngati chisonyezo chachikulu cha GH yayimuna yayikulu mu seramu yamagazi imakayikiridwa kapena yapezeka.

Nthawi zambiri, immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kapena yolondola komanso yamakono ya immunochemiluminescent ass (IHLA) imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kudziwa kugonana kwa globulin. Zotsatira zoyesedwa zimawerengedwa mu μg / ml kapena nmol / L.