Zomwe zimakhudzana ndi macronutrients > Chithandizo ndi kupewa

Tsatani zinthu IneMicroelements (mawu amodzi: kutsatira zinthu, kufufuza zinthu)

zinthu zamankhwala zomwe zimapezeka mu minofu ya anthu, nyama ndi mbewu zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi trace kuchuluka (zikwizikwi peresenti kapena zochepa). Ma Microelements, zomwe mkati mwake mumakhala zinthu zochepa kwambiri kuposa 10 -5 kulemera (golide, uranium, ndi zina), zimatchedwa micronutrients. Zofufuza zimatchulidwanso kuti zinthu zamafuta zomwe zimapezeka mu madzi, dothi, miyala.

Ntchito yachilengedwe ya M. imatsimikiziridwa ndi kutenga nawo gawo kwawo pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe kazigawo, ali ma cofactor a ma enzymes ambiri (Enzymes), Mavitamini (Mavitamini), mahomoni amatenga mbali mu njira ya hematopoiesis, kukula, kubereka, kusiyanitsa ndi kukhazikika kwa membrane wam'maselo, kupuma kwa minofu, mayankho a chitetezo cha mthupi ndi njira zina zambiri zomwe zimatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito amthupi.

Pafupifupi zinthu 70 zamankhwala (kuphatikizapo zofunikira) zapezeka m'thupi la munthu, zomwe 43 zimadziwika kuti ndizofunikira (zofunikira). Kuphatikiza pa zofunika za M, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakudya, kuperewera kwake komwe kumayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana, pali poizoni M., omwe ali oyipitsa kwambiri achilengedwe ndipo amayambitsa matenda ndi kuledzera mwa anthu. Pazinthu zina, a M. angathe kuwonetsa poizoni, ndipo ena oopsa a M mu mtundu wina amakhala ndi zofunikira. Zofunikira za munthu ku M. zimasinthasintha m'malo osiyanasiyana ndipo kwa ambiri a M. sizikukhazikitsidwa. M. amapezeka makamaka m'matumbo aang'ono, makamaka mu duodenum. M. amachotsedwa m'thupi ndi ndowe ndi mkodzo. Gawo lina la M. limasungidwa ngati gawo la zinsinsi za zotumphukira zakunyumba, zokhala ndi ma cell obisika a pakhungu ndi zotupa za mucous, tsitsi ndi misomali. Chilichonse chazinthu chimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ena a mayamwidwe, mayendedwe, mawonekedwe a ziwalo ndi minofu ndi zofunikira kuchokera mthupi.

Ambiri a M. amalowa mthupi ndi zakudya zopangidwa ndi mbewu. Pazakudya zamkaka ndi nyama, zomwe zili ndi M. ndizotsika. Zinthu 22 zotsata (, manganese, zinc, cobalt, silicon, ayodini, etc.) zimapezeka mkaka wa ng'ombe, koma kuchuluka kwake mkaka ndizochepa kwambiri. Mu nyama zopangidwa mosapezekapo, molybdenum, mkuwa, titaniyamu, nthaka. Zakudya zam'nyanja zili ndi siliva, cadmium, fluorine komanso nickel.

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kofala kwa chilengedwe m'chilengedwe komanso kufunikira kochepa kwa anthu kwa iwo kumafotokozera kuchuluka kwa kupezeka kwa zochitika za m'matumbo chifukwa chosakwanira kapena kudya mopitirira muyeso wa mthupi la munthu. Komabe, kuchepa, kuchuluka kapena kusakwanira kwa zomwe zili mu M., makamaka kumadera akumidzi, kungayambitse kukula kwa matenda, ma syndromes kapena matenda am'mimba, ophatikizidwa ndi mawu akuti "microelementoses." Matenda ena, omwe amachokera ku kuperewera kwa M., amatha kutsimikiza. Kuledzera kwa M. sikuonjezera kuchuluka kwa mlingo, komanso kuphwanya njira za kusintha kwa microelement ndikuchotsa chamoyo ndichofunikira. Udindo wa ambiri ofunikira a M m'thupi la munthu waphunziridwa bwino; pali zambiri zochepa zokhudza kutengapo gawo kwa ma M. ena munjira ya metabolism ndi mphamvu, ngakhale kupezeka kwa thupi la munthu kwatsimikiziridwa.

Kuti muwone zomwe M. ali mthupi, njira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mayeso a misa, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa zaumoyo.Njira zoterezi zimaphatikizira kuyamwa kwa atomiki, ma atomic emission spectroscopy omwe ali ndi plasma yophatikizika, plasma ya misa. Pamodzi ndi iwo, kusanthula kwa electrochemical, X-ray fluorescence, kusanthula kwa ma neutron, ndi kuwunika kwa Photonuclear kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Bromine Zapamwamba kwambiri zimadziwika mu ubongo wa impso, chithokomiro, minyewa yaubongo, gland ya pituitary. kudzikundikira kwambiri kumalepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwa chithokomiro. Mchere wa Bromine umakhala ndi vuto linalake pakati pa mitsempha, imayambitsa zachiwerewere, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa umuna ndi kuchuluka kwa umuna womwe umakhalamo. Bromine ndi gawo la madzi am'mimba, okhudza (pamodzi ndi chlorine) pamenepo. Chofunikira cha bromine tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 0.5-2 mg Zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri mu bromine muzakudya za anthu ndi zakudya ndi buledi, mkaka ndi mkaka, ndi nyemba. Plasma yabwinobwino ili ndi pafupifupi 17 mmol / l bromine (pafupifupi 150 mg / 100 ml magazi am'magazi).

Vanadium Zapamwamba kwambiri zimapezeka m'mafupa, mano, minofu ya adipose. Vanadium ali ndi hemostatic kwambiri, imayendetsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni a phospholipids, imakhudza mitochondrial membrane, inhibits cholesterol. Zimathandizira kuchulukitsa kwa mchere wa calcium m'mafupa, zimawonjezera kukana kwa mano ku caries. Ndi kudya kwambiri kwa vanadium ndi mankhwala ake, amadzionetsa ngati ziphe zomwe zimakhudza kuzungulira kwa dongosolo, kupuma kwamphamvu, dongosolo lamanjenje ndikuyambitsa matenda a khungu ndi kutupa.

Chuma Zapamwamba kwambiri zimadziwika m'magazi ofiira, ndulu, chiwindi, madzi a m'magazi. Ndi gawo la hemoglobin, ma enzyme omwe amathandizira kusintha kwa maatomu a hydrogen kapena ma elekitironi kuchokera kwa woyamba kupereka kupita kwa ovomereza komaliza, i.e. mu kupuma unyolo (catalase, cytochromes). Amatenga nawo gawo la redox reaction, immunobiological mogwirizana. Ndi kuchepa, kumakula, kukula, kutha msanga, njira za dystrophic zimadziwika. Kuchuluka kwambiri kwa chitsulo ndi zakudya zomwe zimayambitsa chakudya kumatha kuyambitsa, ndipo kuphwanya kagayidwe kake, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwazitsulo zaulere m'magazi, kungayambitse kuwoneka kwachuma cham'magazi a parenchymal, kukula kwa hemosiderosis, ndi hemochromatosis. Zomwe munthu amafunikira tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 10-30 mg, magwero ake azakudya ndi nyemba, Buckwheat, nyama. , zipatso, buledi ndi makeke ophika. Nthawi zambiri, chitsulo chosapweteka chimapezeka mu plasma pamtunda wa 12-32 μmol / l (65-175 mcg /100 ml ), mwa azimayi zomwe zimakhala zopanda chitsulo m'magazi am'magazi ndi zocheperako 10% kuposa amuna.

Iodini . Zapamwamba kwambiri zimapezeka mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, pakugwira ntchito kwa ayodini zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kusakwanira kwa ayodini m'thupi kumabweretsa matenda am'madzi, kudya kwambiri - kukulitsa kwa hypothyroidism a. Kufunika kwa ayodini tsiku lililonse ndi 50-200 mcg . Zomwe zimapezekamo ndizakudya zamkaka, masamba, nyama, mazira, nsomba zam'nyanja, ndi nsomba zam'nyanja. Plasma yabwinobwino imakhala ndi 275-630 nmol / l (3,5-8 mcg /100 ml ) ayodini womangidwa ndi mapuloteni.

Cobalt. Zapamwamba kwambiri zimadziwika m'magazi, ndulu, mafupa, thumba losunga mazira, pituitary, ndi chiwindi. Zimapangitsa njira zopangidwira magazi, zimagwira nawo kaphatikizidwe wa vitamini B 12, zimakongoletsa chitsulo m'matumbo ndipo zimathandizira kusintha kwa zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimayikidwa m'magazi. Zimalimbikitsa kukhathamiritsa bwino nayitrogeni, zimapangitsa kapangidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi. zimakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya , imayendetsa mafupa ndi matumbo, catalase, carboxylase, peptidases, inhibits cytochrome oxidase ndi syntroxine (onani. mahomoni a chithokomiro). Kuchuluka kwa cobalt kumatha kuyambitsa matenda a mtima, kumatha mphamvu ya embryotoxic (mpaka kufa kwa fetal). Chofunikira cha tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 40-70 mcg . Zomwe zimapezapo ndizakudya zabwino monga mkaka, mkate ndi ophika buledi, masamba, chiwindi ndi nyemba. Nthawi zambiri, madzi a m'magazi amakhala ndi pafupifupi 20-600 nmol / l (0,1-4 mcg /100 ml ) cobalt,

Fumbi la mankhwala okhala ndi silicon lomwe limapangidwa mosiyanasiyana lingapangitse kukulira kwa silicosis, silicatosis, kuyambitsa pneumoconiosis (onani Pneumoconiosis). Ma mankhwala a Organosilicon ndi oopsa kwambiri.

Kufunika kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa silicon dioxide SiO 2 ndi 20-30 mg Magwero ake ndi masamba. Kuperewera kwa silicon kumabweretsa zomwe zimatchedwa silicosis. Kuchuluka kwa silicon kungayambitse chisokonezo mu phosphorous-calcium metabolism, mapangidwe a miyala ya kwamikodzo.

Manganese Zapamwamba kwambiri zimadziwika m'mafupa, chiwindi, gland. Ndi gawo la riboflavin, pyruvate carboxylase, arginase, leucine aminopeptidase, activates phosphatases, α-keto acid decarboxylase, phosphoglucomutase. Zimakhudza chitukuko cha mafupa, kubereka, amatenga nawo kapangidwe ka mankhwala a immunoglobulins, kupuma kwa minofu, kaphatikizidwe wa cholesterol, cartilage glycosaminoglycans, aerobic glycolysis, mowa wamphamvu. Kuchepetsa kwambiri mankhwala a manganese m'thupi kumapangitsa kuti mafupa azikundana ndipo maonekedwe ake amasintha ofanana ndi omwe ali ndi ma ricches (manganese). Pakadwala woperewera ndi manganese, imadzunjikana m'matumbo am'mimba, imadutsa ndikuwonetsa kutuluka kwa gongo (ubongo), Chifukwa chake, amadziwika kuti ndi zoyipa za neurotropic zoyipa kwambiri. Imafotokozedwa ndi manganese, ngati kuchuluka kwake m'magazi kumadutsa 18.2 μmol / l (100 mcg /100 ml ), zimabweretsa chitukuko cha otchedwa manganese parkinsonism. Manganese ochulukirapo m'malo omwe amapezeka ndi goiter amathandizira pakukula kwa matendawa. Kuperewera kwa Manganese m'thupi ndikosowa kwambiri. ndi synergist yamkuwa ndipo imapangitsa kuyamwa kwake.

Kufunika kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa manganese ndi 2-10 mg magwero akulu ndi mkate ndi buledi, masamba, chiwindi,. Plasma yabwinobwino imakhala ndi 0.7-4 μmol / l (4-20 mcg /100 ml ) manganese.

Mkuwa . Zapamwamba kwambiri zimapezeka m'chiwindi ndi mafupa. Ndi gawo la enzymes cytochrome oxidase, tyrovinase, superoxide dismutase, etc. Imalimbikitsa njira za anabolic mthupi, zimagwira nawo kupuma kwa minofu, komanso kupangika kwa insulinase. Ili ndi hematopoietic yotchulidwa: imathandizira kukhathamiritsa kwa chitsulo chosungidwa, imathandizira kusintha kwake, ndikuyambitsa kusinthasintha kwa maselo ofiira amwazi. Ndi kuchepa kwa mkuwa, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, ndipo kuphatikizika kwa minofu yolumikizidwa kumalephera (kudziwika). Mwa ana, kuperewera kwa mkuwa kumawonetsedwa ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa chitukuko cha psychomotor, hypotension, hypopigmentation, hepatosplenomegaly, kuchepa kwa magazi, ndi mafupa kuwonongeka. Kuperewera kwamkuwa kuli pakatikati pa matenda a Menkes - njira yatsopano yomwe imadziwonekera mwa ana osaposa zaka ziwiri ndipo imalumikizidwa, mwachiwonekere, imakhala ndi malabsorption amtundu wamkuwa m'matumbo. Mu matendawa, kuphatikiza pa zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa, kusintha kwamatenda am'mimba komanso kukula kwa tsitsi kumadziwika. Chitsanzo chapamwamba cha kuperewera kwa mkuwa kwa mapangidwe am'mimba ndi Wilson-Konovalov (onani Hepatocerebral dystrophy). Ichi ndichifukwa chosowa ceruloplasmin komanso kugawa kwa magazi kwa mkuwa wamthupi mthupi: kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwake m'magazi ndi kudzikundikira kwamankhwala. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mkuwa m'thupi kumabweretsa poizoni, kuwonetseredwa ndi kupweteka kwambiri kwa hemolysis, kulephera kwa impso, gastroenteritis, malungo, khunyu, thukuta, chifuwa chachikulu.

Zofunikira zamkuwa zamasiku onse ndi 2-5 mg kapena pafupifupi 0.05 mg pa 1 mg kulemera kwa thupi. Zomwe zimapatsa thanzi ndizakumwa ndi mkate, masamba a tiyi, zipatso, chiwindi, mtedza, soya, khofi. Plasma yachilendo ili ndi 11-24 μmol / l (70-150 mcg /100 ml ) mkuwa.

Molybdenum . Zapamwamba kwambiri zimadziwika mu chiwindi, impso, retinal pigment epithelium. Ndi gawo lotsutsana ndi mkuwa m'mabizinesi achilengedwe. Imayendetsa ma enzyme angapo, makamaka flavoproteins. Ndi kuchepa kwa molybdenum, mapangidwe a miyala ya xanthine mu impso kumawonjezereka, ndipo zochulukirapo zimatsogolera kukuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa uric acid (uric acid) m'magazi ndi nthawi 3-4 poyerekeza ndi chizolowezi ndi kukula kwa wotchedwa molybdenum gout. Kuchulukanso kwa molybdenum kumathandizanso kusokoneza kapangidwe ka vitamini B 12 komanso kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito ya alkaline phosphatase.

Kufunika kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa molybdenum ndi 0.1-0.5 mg (pafupifupi 4 mcg pa 1 kg kulemera kwa thupi). Zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri ndi mkate ndi ophika buledi, nyemba, chiwindi, impso. Plasma yabwinobwino imakhala ndi pafupifupi 30 mpaka 700 nmol / l (pafupifupi 0,3-7 mcg /100 ml ) molybdenum.

Nickel Zapamwamba kwambiri zimapezeka mu tsitsi, khungu ndi ziwalo za ectodermal. Monga cobalt, nickel imakhala ndi phindu pamapangidwe a magazi, imayendetsa ma enzymes angapo, mwanjira zosiyanasiyana zimalepheretsa ambiri (onani. Nicolic acid). Ndi kudya kwambiri nickel m'thupi kwa nthawi yayitali, kusintha kwa mitsempha m'magazi a parenchymal, kusokonezeka kwamatenda am'mimba, mantha ndi m'mimba, kusintha kwa hematopoiesis, carbohydrate ndi nitrogen metabolism, ntchito yamatenda a chithokomiro komanso kubereka zimadziwika. Anthu omwe amakhala m'malo omwe amakhala kwambiri ndi chilengedwe ndipo amakhala ndi keratitis, conjunctivitis, yovuta chifukwa cha zilonda zam'mimba. Pali zambiri za ma nickel m'zakudya zam'madzi, nsomba zam'madzi ndi nsomba zam'madzi, chiwindi, kapamba, ndi tinthu touluka.

Selenium . Kagawidwe kazinthu ndi ziwalo za anthu sikunaphunzire. Udindo wachilengedwe wa selenium mwina umakhala nawo ngati antioxidant pakukhazikitsa njira zosinthika mthupi, makamaka lipid peroxidation (onani. Peroxidation). Zolemba zochepa za selenium zimapezeka mwa ana obadwa kumene omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nawo, bronchopulmonary dysplasia ndi kupuma kwa nkhawa, komanso mwa ana omwe ali ndi zotupa. Kuperewera kwa selenium ndi vitamini E kumawerengedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zakukula kwa magazi m'thupi kwa ana akhanda. Zomwe zili zochepa za selenium m'magazi ndi zimakhala zimapezeka mkati mwa njira za immunopathological. Anthu omwe amakhala m'malo okhala ndi selenium yochepa kwambiri m'malo omwe amakhala nthawi zambiri amatenga matenda a chiwindi, ziwalo zam'mimba, pali kuphwanya kwazonse mawonekedwe a misomali ndi mano, osakhazikika, osakhazikika. Matenda a selenodeficiency (matenda a Keshan) akufotokozedwa. Ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri a selenium m'thupi, matenda opatsirana am'mapapo komanso bronchi, ziwalo zam'mimba zimatha. Zambiri pazomwe zili selenium muzinthu zamagulu azakudya ndi zosowa ndi zosowa za anthu sizinafalitsidwe.

Fluoride. Zapamwamba kwambiri zimawonedwa m'mano ndi mafupa. otsika wozama kumawonjezera kukana dzino ku caries, kumapangitsa hematopoiesis, obwereza njira mafupa fractures ndi chitetezo zochita, nawo mafupa kukula, kuteteza kukula kwa senile osteoporosis. Kuchuluka kwa fluorine mthupi kumayambitsa fluorosis komanso kuponderezanso chitetezo chamthupi. Fluorine, pokhala wotsutsana ndi strontium, amachepetsa kudzikundikira kwa strontium radionuclide m'mafupa ndikuchepetsa zovuta zowonongeka ndi radiation kuchokera ku radionuclide iyi. Kudya kosakwanira kwa fluorine mthupi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwikiratu zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa mano a mano, makamaka pakuphulika kwawo ndi mineralization. Mphamvu ya anticariotic imapatsa madzi osakanikirana a madzi akumwa pafupifupi 1 mg / l . Fluoride imayambitsidwanso m'thupi monga yowonjezera mu sodium mankhwala enaake, mkaka kapena mapiritsi. Chofunikira cha fluoride cha tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 2-3 mg Ndi zakudya, zomwe masamba ndi mkaka wolemera kwambiri mu fluoride, zimalandira pafupifupi 0.8 mg fluorine, otsalawo ayenera kuperekedwa ndi madzi akumwa. M'magazi am'magazi, nthawi zambiri mumakhala pafupifupi 370 μmol / l (700 mcg /100 ml ) fluorine.

Zinc Zapamwamba kwambiri zimapezeka m'chiwindi, Prostate, retina. Kuphatikizidwa ndi enzyme carbonic anhydrase ndi ma metalloprotein ena. Zimakhudza mahomoni atatu apadera, kutenga nawo mbali kwachilengedwe insulin, ali lipotropic katundu, kukula, kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu thupi ndi kupewa mafuta kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi. Amachita nawo hematopoiesis. Ndikofunikira kuti magwiridwe antchito a pituitary gland, kapamba, semic vesicles, ndi gland ya prostate. Ndi zakudya zabwinobwino, hypocycosis mwa anthu sikamakula. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa zinc zimatha kukhala zopanda pake pazinthu zamafuta m'zakudya, zomwe zimakhala ndi phytic acid, zomwe zimasokoneza mayamwidwe a zinc zam'matumbo. Kuperewera kwa Zinc kumawonetsedwa ndi kukula kwapang'onopang'ono ndikukula kwa ziwalo zamkati muubwana, kuchepa magazi, hepatosplenomegaly, kusokonezeka kwa msambo, alopecia. Kuperewera kwa zinc pa nthawi ya pakati kumabweretsa kubadwa msanga, kufa kwa fetal, kapena kubadwa kwa mwana osagwirizana ndi zovuta zina zakumakula. Mwa makanda, kuchepa kwa zinc kumatha kutsimikizika mwa kubadwa kwa zinc m'matumbo. Amawonetsedwa ndi kubwereza kwam'mimba, zamitsempha ndi zotupa pakhungu, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, nthawi zina - kuyambitsa cornea, alopecia. Chofunikira cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha zinc ndi (mu mg ): mwa akulu - 10-15, mwa amayi apakati - 20, amayi oyamwitsa - 25, ana - 4-5, makanda - 0,3 mg pa 1 kg kulemera kwa thupi. Ng'ombe ndi chiwindi cha nkhumba, ng'ombe, mazira a nkhuku, tchizi, nandolo, buledi ndi zinthu zophika buledi, nyama yankhuku ndichuma kwambiri mu zinc.

Zinthu zina zofufuza. Udindo wa ena a M. umaphunziridwa pang'ono. Zinapezeka kuti ndende zasiliva zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa zimachulukitsidwa, zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zimachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu ya antiseptic. Aluminium ikugwira nawo ntchito yomanga ma epithelial ndi connective minofu, kusinthika kwa mafupa, kumakhudza ntchito ya michere yam'mimba. Boron imakulitsa zochitika za insulin. Titanium imathandizira pakupanga minofu ya epithelial, mapangidwe a minofu ya mafupa, magazi. Imakhala ndi chotsekera pa minofu, kuchuluka kwake kwamphamvu kumakhala ndi tiziwalo timaso.

Zosangalatsa: Kovalsky V.V. Geochemical ndi moyo, M., 1982, bibliogr., Kolomiytseva MG ndi Gabovich G.D. Microelements mu mankhwala, M., 1970, Nozdryukhina L.R. Udindo wachilengedwe wa kufufuza zinthu mthupi la nyama ndi anthu, M., 1977, bibliogr.

zinthu za mankhwala zomwe zimakhala m'matumbo a thupi pochita 1: 100,000 kapena kuchepera.

Ma hydelements ofunikira (.:, Zofunikira M.) - M., kudya pafupipafupi komwe kumalowa ndi madzi ndi (kapena) zopangidwa ndi chakudya ndikofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino, ndi gawo la ma enzymes, mavitamini, mahomoni ndi zinthu zina zogwira ntchito.

Zofunikira zofufuza - Onani Tsatirani zinthu zofunika kwambiri.

1. Encyclopedia yaying'ono yazachipatala. - M: Buku la Medical. 1991-96 2. Thandizo loyamba. - M: Buku Lalikulu la Russia. 1994. 3. Buku lotanthauzira mawu a Encyclopedia. - M: Soviet Encyclopedia. - 1982-1984

Ma macronutrients ndizofunikira kwambiri kwachilengedwe, zomwe mkati mwake mumaposa 0,01%. M'malo mwake, zophatikizazi zimapanga thupi la chamoyo chilichonse. Popanda zinthu izi, moyo wa organic ndiwosatheka.

Macronutrients - Kufotokozera Kwambiri ndi Ntchito

Zinthuzi amatchedwanso macronutrients, michere ya michere ndipo amapanga gawo lofunikira kwambiri mthupi lachilengedwe.

Pali gulu lochulukirapo la ma macronutrients a biogenic kuchokera komwe ma nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), mapuloteni, lipids ndi mafuta amapangidwa. Micronutrient michere imaphatikizapo:

Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi gulu lina la macronutrients, lomwe limapezeka mthupi laling'ono, koma ndilofunikanso pamoyo wathunthu komanso machitidwe a thupi.

Zinthu izi ndi monga:

Phosphorous
Potaziyamu
Magnesium
Sulfafa
Calcium
Sodium
Chlorine

Ma macronutrients amapezeka m'thupi la anthu ndi nyama makamaka momwe amapangira ma ions ndipo amafunikira kuti apange maselo amthupi atsopano; izi zimakhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka hematopoiesis ndi zochitika zamafuta. Magulu aboma azamayiko ambiri adziwitsa zomwe zili mu macronutrients mu chakudya chamagulu.

Pamodzi ndi ma microelements, macroelements amapanga lingaliro lotakata - "michere zinthu". Ma macronutrients si gwero lamphamvu, koma ali gawo la pafupifupi minofu yonse ndi ma cell a thupi.

Zathupi zathupi komanso mankhwala

Ma macronutrients ndi osiyana mu mankhwala ndi zida zathupi. Pakati pawo, zitsulo (, ndi ena) ndi zopanda zitsulo (, ndi ena) zimadziwika.

Zina mwakuthupi ndi mankhwala a macronutrients, malinga ndi data:

Mkhalidwe wakuthupi pamikhalidwe yokhazikika

zitsulo zoyera

siliva oyera

makhiristo osalimba achikasu

siliva

Ma macronutrients amapezeka paliponse m'chilengedwe: m'nthaka, miyala, zomera, zolengedwa. Zina mwa izo, monga nayitrogeni, mpweya ndi kaboni, ndi zina mwa zinthu zapadziko lapansi.

Zizindikiro za Kuperewera michere ina yazipatso, monga:

Kusintha kwa masamba obiriwira kukhala masamba obiriwira, achikaso ndi bulauni,

Kukula kwa masamba kumachepa,

Masamba ndi ochepa ndipo amapezeka pakona pachimake,

Kuchuluka kwa zipatso (mbewu, mbewu) kumachepera kwambiri

Kupotoza m'mbali mwa tsamba,

Mapangidwe a utoto wofiirira

Kuotcha masamba

Kulowetsa impso

Kuyeretsa masamba achinyamata

Malangizo a masamba agwada

M'mphepete mwa masamba timapindika

Kabichi yoyera ndi kolifulawa,

Kusintha kwa kukula kwa mtundu wobiriwira wamasamba,

Mtundu wa masamba amasintha kukhala oyera,

Kuperewera (kuchepa) kwa macronutrients m'mazomera

Zofooka zakunja zimasonyezeratu kuchepa kwa vuto limodzi kapena lina m'nthaka, ndipo, chifukwa chake, mu chomeracho. Mphamvu ya chomera chilichonse kuperewera kwa macrocell ndi munthu payekhapayekha, komabe, pali zizindikiro zofananira. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi magnesium, masamba akale am'miyala yotsika amavutika, ndikusowa kashiamu, sulufu ndi chitsulo, ziwalo zazing'ono, masamba atsopano komanso malo omwe akukula.

Makamaka kuperewera kwa zakudya kumaonekera m'zomera zololera zochepa.

Ochulukirapo macronutrients muzomera

Mkhalidwe wa mbewu umakhudzidwa osati kokha ndi kuchepa, komanso ndi kuchuluka kwa macronutrients. Imadziwonekera yokha mu ziwalo zakale, ndipo tikulephera kukula kwa mbewu. Nthawi zambiri zizindikiro za kuperewera ndi zochulukirapo pazinthu zomwezo zimakhala zofanana.

Zizindikiro za macronutrients owonjezera muzomera, monga:

Woponderezedwa kukula kwa mbewu ali mwana

Mu munthu wamkulu - kukula kwamasamba ambiri

Amachepetsa zipatso, kulawa ndikusunga zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba

Kukula ndi kusasitsa zikuchedwa

Kulimbana ndi matenda a bowa kumachepa

Kuchulukitsa nitrate

Chlorosis imayamba m'mphepete mwa masamba ndikufalikira pakati pa mitsempha.

Leaf amatha

M'mphepete ndi m'mphepete, masamba achikulire amakhala achikaso kapena zofiirira.

Malo owoneka bwino a necrotic amawonekera

Tsamba loyambilira limagwa

Kutsika kwa matenda a fungus

Kuchepetsa pakulimbana ndi nyengo zovuta

Tinyani si necrotic

Amabala pamasamba

Masamba amafota ndikugwa

Intervein chlorosis yokhala ndi mawanga oyera

Malo omwe amawoneka ndi akuda kapena okhala ndi mphete zowongoka zodzaza ndi madzi.

Kukula kwa masamba

Masamba amachepetsedwa pang'ono

Kuyika masamba achinyamata

Mapeto a masamba amakokedwa ndikufa

Kuphatikiza kwamitundu yonse yazomera

Tinyani si necrotic

Chlorosis imayamba pakati pa mitsempha ya masamba achinyamata

Mitsempha yake imakhala yobiriwira, kenako tsamba lonse limakhala lachikasu komanso loyera

Chimalimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito pa dothi lonyowa bwino, dothi laimvi, komanso cachedozems. Amatha kupereka mpaka theka la zokolola zonse zomwe zimapezeka kuchokera ku chakudya chokwanira cha mchere (NPK).

Feteleza wa gawo limodzi la nayitrogeni amagawika m'magulu angapo:

. Izi ndi mchere wa nitric acid ndi nitrate. Nitrogeni imakhala mwa iwo mu mawonekedwe a nitrate.
ndi feteleza wa ammonia : amasula olimba komanso amadzimadzi. Amakhala ndi nayitrogeni mu ammonia, motero, mawonekedwe a ammonia.
. Ndi nitrogen mu ammonium ndi mawonekedwe a nitrate. Chitsanzo ndi ammonium nitrate.
Amide feteleza . Amide nayitrogeni. Izi zikuphatikiza urea ndi urea.
. Ichi ndi urea-ammonium nitrate, yankho lamadzi a urea ndi ammonium nitrate.

Gwero la feteleza wa nayitrogeni wa mafakitale ndi ammonia wopangidwa, wopangidwa kuchokera ku nayitrogeni ndi mpweya.

Fosphorous feteleza amagawidwa m'magulu angapo:

Madzi osungunuka - superphosphates yosavuta komanso iwiri. Ma feteleza a phosphorous a gululi amapezeka mosavuta kuzomera.
Muli, osalowa madzi, koma sungunuka mu asidi ofooka (mu 2% mandimu) ndi yankho la zamchere za ammonium citrate. Izi zimaphatikizapo tomosclag, precipitate, thermophosphates ndi ena. Phosphorous amapezeka kwa mbewu.
Muli, osalowa mumadzi komanso osungunuka bwino mu asidi ofooka . Fosforamu yathunthu ya mankhwala awa imatha kusungunuka kokha mwa ma asidi amphamvu. Awa ndi mafupa ndi phosphorite. Amawerengedwa ngati gwero labwino kwambiri la phosphorous pazomera.

Gwero lalikulu la feteleza wa phosphorous ndi acos phorphorous acres (apatite ndi phosphorite). Kuphatikiza apo, kuti mupeze feteleza wamtunduwu, zinyalala zokhala ndi phosphorous zochokera ku makina azitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (open-hearth slag, tomshlag).

Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kwamtunduwu kumalimbikitsidwa panthaka ndikuwala koyikira kukula kwa tinthu, komanso pamiyala ya peaty yokhala ndi potaziyamu pang'ono. Pama dothi ena okhala ndi potaziyamu ambiri, kufunikira kwa feteleza kumeneku kumakhalapo pokhazikitsa mbewu zomwe zimakonda potaziyamu. Izi zikuphatikizapo mbewu za muzu, tubers, silage, masamba, mpendadzuwa ndi zina. Ndizodziwika kuti kuphatikiza feteleza wa potashi kumakhala kwamphamvu, kukwera ndikupezeka kwa mbewu ndi michere ina yofunika.

Feteleza wa potashi amagawidwa kukhala:

Zinthu za potaziyamu wamba . Izi ndi zinthu zopanda mafakitale zomwe sizikhala ndi mafakitale: mchere wa potaziyamu, miyala ya quartz-glauconite, zotayidwa ndi zotayidwa ndi simenti, phulusa zamasamba. M'malo omwe muli ndi zotsalira za potaziyamu, mphamvu yawo imakhala yofooka, ndipo kuyendera mtunda wautali sikuthandiza.
Zomera za Potashi za Potashi . Landirani monga chifukwa chokonza mchere wam potaziyamu ndi njira za mafakitale. Izi zikuphatikiza potaziyamu mankhwala enaake, potaziyamu mankhwala enaake okhala, potimamu, kalimagnesia, kalimag ndi ena.

Gwero lopanga feteleza wa potashi ndizofunikira zachilengedwe zamchere wa potash.

Kodi macro ndi ma micronutrients ambiri ndi ati

Ma macronutrients amapezeka mthupi lathu mu kuchuluka kwakukulu (kuposa 0.01% ya kulemera kwa thupi, mwanjira ina, zomwe zili mu thupi la munthu wamkulu zimayezedwa mu gramu ngakhale ma kilogalamu). Ma macronutrients agawidwa:

zinthu za biogenic, kapena macronutrients omwe amapanga chamoyo. Amapanga mapuloteni, chakudya, mafuta ndi michere. Izi ndi mpweya, nayitrogeni, haidrojeni, kaboni,
macronutrients ena omwe amapezeka m'thupi mokulira: calcium, potaziyamu, magnesium, sodium, sulfure, phosphorous.

Zovuta ndizo: chitsulo, zinki, ayodini, selenium, mkuwa, molybdenum, chromium, manganese, silicon, cobalt, fluorine, vanadium, siliva, boron. Amatenga nawo mbali mzochitika zonse za moyo ndipo ndi othandizira pazosintha zamitundu mitundu. Zakudya zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku ndizosachepera 200 mg, ndipo zimapezeka m'thupi muzilingo zazing'ono (zosakwana 0.001% ya kulemera kwa thupi).

Macroelements oyambira ndi ntchito yawo mthupi

Talingalirani za macroelements oyambilira, zolimbitsa thupi ndi kufunika kwawoko mthupi la munthu.

Calcium ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chofufuza m'thupi. Ndi gawo la minofu, mafupa ndi mitsempha.

Ntchito zomwe zidapangidwazi ndizambiri:

Kupanga mafupa,
Kutenga nawo gawo pakuphatikizana,
Kupanga kwamahomoni, kaphatikizidwe ka michere ndi mapuloteni,
Zolimbitsa thupi
Kutenga mbali pa chitetezo chathupi.

Zotsatira zakuchepa kwa calcium ndizosiyanasiyana: kupweteka kwa minofu, mafupa am'mimba, matenda a mano, tachycardia ndi arrhythmia, aimpso ndi hepatic kusowa, kudumphira kuthamanga kwa magazi, kusakwiya, kutopa ndi kukhumudwa.

Ndi kuperewera kwa calcium kokwanira, munthu amazimiririka m'maso, tsitsi limazirala, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakhala osafunikira. Izi sizimayamwa popanda vitamini D, chifukwa chake, kukonzekera kwa calcium kumamasulidwa nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi vitamini.

Calcium imakhala ndi "adani" omwe amathandizira kuti chinthuchi chituluke m'thupi.

Phosphorasi imatchedwa gawo lamphamvu zamunthu ndi malingaliro.

Macronutrient iyi ndi gawo lamphamvu zamagetsi ndipo imagwira ntchito yamafuta mthupi. Phosphorous imapezeka m'mafupa, minofu yam'mimba komanso m'malo onse amkati a thupi.

Macronutrient imakhudzidwa, dongosolo lamanjenje, limayang'anira, limakhudza kulimbitsa minofu ya mafupa. Kuperewera kwa phosphorous kumatha kuyambitsa mafupa, mavuto a kukumbukira, kupweteka kwa mutu, migraines.

Phosphorous metabolism imakhudzanso calcium metabolism ndi mosemphanitsa, motero, mu kapangidwe ka vitamini-mineral complexes, zinthu ziwiri izi zimaperekedwa limodzi - mu mawonekedwe a calcium glycerophosphate.

Potaziyamu ndikofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwathunthu kwa ziwalo zamkati zamkati, minofu, mtima, minyewa yamanjenje, maselo aubongo, chiwindi ndi impso.

Macrocell awa amathandizira kudziunjikira kwa magnesium, komwe ndikofunikira pakukhazikika kwa minofu yamtima. Potaziyamu imathandizanso kukula kwa mtima, imayendetsa bwino magazi, imalepheretsa kuchuluka kwa mchere wa sodium m'mitsempha yamagazi, m'malo mwa okosijeni m'maselo aubongo, ndikuthandizira kuthetsa poizoni m'thupi.

Pamodzi ndi sodium, potaziyamu imapatsa potaziyamu-sodium, chifukwa chake kupangika kwa minofu ndi kupumula kumachitika.

Kuperewera kwa potaziyamu kumayambitsa mkhalidwe wa hypokalemia, womwe umawonetsedwa kusokoneza mtima, minofu, komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito zamaganizidwe ndi thupi. Ndikusowa kwa chinthu, kugona kumasokonezeka, chilakolako chokhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi chimachepa, zotupa za khungu zimawonekera.

Magnesium imagwira ntchito ya coenzyme mu njira zambiri za metabolic, imayendetsa magwiridwe antchito amanjenje, ndipo imathandizira pakupanga dongosolo la mafupa. Kukonzekera kwa magnesium kumatha kusintha kukalamba kwamanjenje, kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi, kusintha matumbo ntchito, chikhodzodzo.

Kuperewera kwa magnesium kumapangitsa kukokana kwa minofu, kukokana, kupweteka kwam'mimba, kusakwiya komanso kusokonekera. Kusowa kwa Mg kumawonedwa ndi khunyu, matenda oopsa. Zadziwika kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa mchere wa magnesium kwa odwala omwe ali ndi khansa kumachepetsa kukula kwa zotupa.

Sulfa ndi macrocell yosangalatsa kwambiri, imayang'anira kuyera kwa thupi.

Ndi kuperewera kwa sulfure, khungu limayamba kuvutika: limakhala ndi mtundu wopanda thanzi, mawanga, malo osungunuka komanso zotupa zingapo zimawonekera.

Sodium ndi Chlorine

Zinthu izi zimaphatikizidwa mgulu limodzi chifukwa chomwe amalowa mthupi moyenera palimodzi - mu mawonekedwe a sodium chloride, mawonekedwe ake omwe ndi NaCl. Maziko amadzimadzi onse a mthupi, kuphatikiza magazi ndi madzi am'mimba, ndi yankho lamchere losalimba.

Sodium imagwira ntchito ya kukhalabe ndi minofu kamvekedwe, makoma amitsempha, imapereka kukhudzika kwa mitsempha, imayendetsa kayendedwe ka madzi m'thupi komanso kapangidwe ka magazi.

Kuperewera kwa sodium nthawi zambiri kumapezeka pakati pa azinyama ndi anthu omwe sagwiritsa ntchito mchere wamatafura. Kukwanira kwakanthawi kwa macronutrient iyi kumatha chifukwa cha kupukuta, thukuta kwambiri, komanso kuchepa magazi. Kuchepa kwambiri kwa kuchuluka kwa sodium m'thupi kumayendetsedwa ndi kukokana kwa minofu, kusanza, khungu lowuma, komanso kuchepa kwambiri kwamphamvu m'thupi. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa sodium sikofunikira ndipo kumayambitsa kutupa kwa thupi, kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Chlorine imatenganso mbali m'magazi komanso magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, amatenga nawo gawo pachinsinsi cha hydrochloric acid, chofunikira chimbudzi. Milandu ya kusowa kwa chlorine m'thupi sichimachitika, ndipo kuchulukitsa kwa chinthuchi sikuvulaza thanzi.

Khalani woyamba kudziwa za kukwezedwa komanso kuchotsera komwe kuli. Sititumiza sipamu kapena kutumiza imelo kwa wachitatu.

Macronutrients ndi kufunika kwawo kwa mbewu

Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a muzu. Imatenga nawo mbali pazithunzi za photosynthesis, imayendetsa kagayidwe m'maselo, komanso imalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri makamaka pazomera pakukula. Ndikusowa kwa nayitrogeni, kukula kwa mbewu kumachepera kapena kusiya paliponse, mtundu wamasamba ndi zimayambira umakhala wopunduka. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, inflorescence ndi zipatso zimayamba kukhazikika. Zobzala zomwe zimapatsidwa ndi nayitrogeni zimakhala ndi nsonga zobiriwira zakuda ndi zitsinde zomwe zimakhala zokuyera kwambiri. Nyengo yokulira ikukula. Kulimba kwambiri ndi nayitrogeni kumayambitsa kufa kwa maluwa mkati mwa masiku ochepa.

Amatenga nawo mbali machitidwe ambiri omwe amapezeka muzomera. Amapereka kukula kwabwinoko ndikugwira ntchito kwa mizu, mapangidwe akuluakulu a inflorescence, amalimbikitsa kupsa kwa zipatso.

Kuperewera kwa phosphorous kumakhudza maluwa ndi kucha. Maluwa ndi ochepa, zipatso nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda chilema. Ma castings amatha kupaka utoto wofiirira. Ngati phosphorous ikuchulukirapo, kagayidwe kam'maselo kamachepa, mbewu zimazindikira kuchepa kwa madzi, zimamwa michere monga chitsulo, zinki ndi potaziyamu moyipa. Zotsatira zake, masamba amasanduka achikasu, amagwa, nthawi yokhala chomera imachepetsedwa.

Chiwerengero cha potaziyamu pazomera ndizokulirapo poyerekeza ndi calcium ndi magnesium. Izi zimakhudzidwa ndizomwe zimapangidwa ndi wowuma, mafuta, mapuloteni ndi sucrose. Chimateteza ku madzi osafunikira, kumalimbitsa minofu, kupewa maluwa osachedwa, ndikuchulukitsa kukana kwa mbeu zosiyanasiyana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Zomera zadzaza ndi potaziyamu zimatha kuzindikirika ndi madambo omwe masamba, masamba amtundu wakuda ndi mawonekedwe ake otchuka. Ichi ndichifukwa cha kusokoneza njira zopangira, kudzikundikira kwazinthu zobiriwira zodzala zinthu zowola, amino acid ndi glucose. Ngati potaziyamu wambiri, kuchepa mphamvu kwa chomera cha nayitrogeni kumawonedwa.Izi zimabweretsa kudodometsa, kupunduka kwa masamba, chlorosis, ndipo, panjira zapamwamba, kufa masamba. Kudya kwa magnesium ndi calcium kumakhalanso kovuta.

Amatenga nawo zochita ndi mapangidwe a chlorophyll. Ndi imodzi mwamagawo ake. Chimalimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe ka phytins kamene kali mu njere ndi ma pectins. Magnesium imayendetsa ntchito ya michere, ndi kutenga nawo gawo komwe kumapangidwa chakudya, mapuloteni, mafuta, ma organic acid. Imagwira nawo ntchito yotumizira michere, imathandizira kuti zipatso zipangike msanga, kusintha machitidwe awo ndi kuchuluka kwake, kukonza bwino mbeu.

Ngati mbewu zilibe mphamvu mu magnesium, masamba ake amakhala achikasu, monga mamolekyulu a chlorophyll amawonongeka. Ngati kuchepa kwa magnesium sikukwaniritsidwa panthawi yake, mbewuyo imayamba kufa. Kuchuluka kwa magnesium muzomera ndizosowa. Komabe, ngati kuchuluka kwa kukonzekera kwa magnesium ndikokulira, kuyamwa kwa calcium ndi potaziyamu kumachepera.

Ndi gawo limodzi lama protein, mavitamini, amino acid cystine ndi methionine. Amatenga nawo mbali pamapangidwe a chlorophyll. Zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi sulufule nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chlorosis. Matendawa amakhudza masamba ang'onoang'ono. Sulufu yowonjezera imayambitsa chikaso cha m'mphepete mwa masamba, kutsekemera mkati. Pambuyo pake, m'mphepete mwake mumakhala tint yofiirira ndikufa. Nthawi zina, amatha kusintha masamba mumthunzi wa lilac.

Ndi gawo lofunikira la ma chloroplasts, amatenga nawo mbali popanga chlorophyll, kusinthana kwa nayitrogeni ndi sulufule, komanso kupuma kwam ma cell. Iron ndi gawo lofunikira pama michere ambiri azomera. Chitsulo cholemera ichi chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Zomwe zili mu chomera zimafikira zana limodzi. Zachilengedwe zopangidwa ndiachilengedwe zimathandizira kusintha kwamankhwala osiyanasiyana.

Ndi kuchepa kwa chinthuchi, mbewu nthawi zambiri zimadwala ndi chlorosis. Ntchito zokuwongolera zimasokonekera, mawonekedwe a photosynthesis amakhala ofooka. Masamba apical pang'onopang'ono amatembenuka ndikuuma.

Tsatani zinthu

Zofunikira zazikulu ndizo: chitsulo, manganese, boron, sodium, zinc, mkuwa, molybdenum, chlorine, nickel, silicon. Udindo wawo pamoyo wamasamba sungakhale wopanda pake. Kuperewera kwa zinthu zina, ngakhale sikumabweretsa kufa kwa mbewu, koma kumakhudza kuthamanga kwa njira zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimakhudza mtundu wa masamba, zipatso ndi mbewu zonse.

Amayang'anira kuyamwa kwa mapuloteni ndi zakudya, kumakhudza kupanga kwa chloroplasts komanso kuyamwa kwa nayitrogeni. Ili ndi gawo lofunikira pomanga makoma olimba a ma cell. Zabwino kwambiri za calcium zomwe zimawonedwa m'malo azomera. Masamba akale ndi calcium 1%. Calcium imayambitsa ntchito ya ma enzyme ambiri, kuphatikizapo amylase, phosphorylase, dehydrogenase, ndi zina zina.

Ndi wopanda izi michere, mucosalization wa mbewu maselo kumachitika. Izi zimawonekera makamaka pamizu. Kuperewera kwa calcium kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe ka maselo a ma cell, kuwonongeka kwa ma chromosomes, kusokonezeka kwa gawo logawika kwa maselo. Kuchepa kwa calcium kambiri kumakwiyitsa chlorosis. Malo amtundu wokhala ndi zizindikiro za necrosis amawonekera pamasamba. Nthawi zina, mabwalo omwe amadzaza madzi amatha kuonedwa. Zomera payokha zimayankha mopitilira muyeso wa chinthuchi ndi kukula mwachangu, koma mphukira zomwe zimawoneka kuti zimafa msanga. Zizindikiro za poyizoni wambiri ndizofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa chitsulo ndi magnesium.

Imayambitsa ntchito ya ma enzyme, imakhudzidwa ndi kaphatikizidwe wa mapuloteni, chakudya, mavitamini. Manganese amatenganso gawo la photosynthesis, kupuma, chakudya, mapuloteni okhala ndi michere. Kuperewera kwa manganese kumapangitsa kuti mitunduyi ikhale yowala bwino, mawonekedwe amtundu wakufa. Zomera zimakhudzidwa ndi chlorosis, zimakhala ndi mizu yopanda mizu. Zikakhala zowopsa, masamba amayamba kuwuma ndikugwa, nsonga za nthambi zimafa.

Amayang'anira njira za redox. Ndi gawo la michere yofunika. Zinc imakulitsa kupanga sucrose ndi wowuma, zomwe zimakhala ndi zomanga thupi ndi mapuloteni m'm zipatso. Imatenga nawo gawo la photosynthesis ndikuthandizira kupanga mavitamini. Ndikusowa kwa zinc, mbewu zimapirira kuzizira ndi chilala kwambiri, mapuloteni awo amachepa. Njala ya Zinc imatithandizanso kuti masamba asinthe (amasintha chikasu kapena kukhala oyera), kuchepa kwa mapangidwe a masamba, komanso kutsika kwa zokolola.

Masiku ano, ndi chinthu ichi chomwe chimatchedwa kuti china chofunikira kwambiri. Molybdenum imayang'anira kagayidwe ka nayitrogeni, imagates nitrate. Zimakhudzanso kagayidwe ka hydrocarbon ndi phosphorous, kupanga mavitamini ndi chlorophyll, komanso kuchuluka kwa njira za redox. Molybdenum imathandizira kuti mbewu zizipanga vitamini C, chakudya, carotene komanso mapuloteni.

Kuzindikira kosakwanira kwa molybdenum kumawononga zochita za metabolic, kuchepa kwa ma nitrate, mapangidwe a mapuloteni ndi ma amino acid ndi oletsedwa. Motere, zokolola zimachepetsedwa, mawonekedwe awo akuipiraipira.

Ndi gawo la mapuloteni okhala ndi mkuwa, ma enzyme, amatenga nawo gawo mu photosynthesis, amawongolera ma protein. Copper imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous komanso imateteza chlorophyll kuti isawonongeke.

Kusowa kwa Copper kumabweretsa malangizo a masamba a curling ndi chlorosis. Chiwerengero cha mungu wa mungu chimachepera, zokolola zimachepa, chisoti chachifumu chimapachikidwa pamitengo.

Amayang'anira kagayidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi ndi zomanga thupi. Ndi gawo lofunikira pakuphatikizidwa kwa RNA ndi DNA. Boron, mogwirizana ndi manganese, amathandizira pakuyang'ana kwa photosynthesis muzomera zomwe zayamba kuzizira. Boron ndiyofunikira m'minda yonse yazamoyo.

Masamba achichepere amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndikusowa kwa boron. Kuperewera kwa chinthu ichi kumapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono kukula kwa mungu, mkati necrosis ya zimayambira.

Mowonjezereka boron ndi osafunika, chifukwa umatsogolera masamba oyaka.

Ndi gawo limodzi la urease, ndipo kutenga nawo gawo kwa urea kumatha. M'mayimidwe, omwe amapatsidwa nickel yokwanira, zomwe mumakhala mu urea ndizotsika. Nickel amachititsanso ma enzyme ena, kutenga nawo gawo pa kayendedwe ka nayitrogeni, komanso kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe a ribosomes. Ndikusowa kwa nickel yokwanira, kukula kwa mbewu kumachepa, kuchuluka kwa zotsalira zazomera kumachepa. Ndipo ndi chidwi pang'onopang'ono, mawonekedwe a photosynthesis amalephereka, zizindikiro za chlorosis zimawonekera.

Ndiye gawo lalikulu lamchere wamchere wamchere wamadzi pazomera. Amatenga nawo mayamwidwe okosijeni ndi mizu, photosynthesis zimachitika, mphamvu kagayidwe. Chlorine amachepetsa mavuto omwe amabwera ndi matendawa ndi fungus, amalimbana ndi mayamwidwe ochuluka a nitrate.

Ndikusowa chlorine, mizu imafupika, koma yokhala nthambi zambiri, ndipo masamba amayamba kuzimiririka. Kabichi, yomwe ndi yochepa mu chlorine, siinununkhira.

Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa chlorine kumakhala kovulaza. Ndi iyo, masamba amachepera ndikuuma, ena amawoneka ofiirira. Tsinde limaphatikizanso. Nthawi zambiri, kuchepa kwa Cl kumawonekera limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa N. Ammonium nitrate ndi cainite kumatha kuwongolera vutoli.

Ndi mtundu wa njerwa za zipupa za khungu, motero, zimakulitsa kupirira kwa masungidwe musanafike matenda, chisanu, kuipitsa, kusowa kwa madzi. Nkhaniyi imakhudza kagayidwe kachakudya pogwiritsa ntchito phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni, zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuwopsa kwa zitsulo zolemera. Silicon imathandizira kukula kwa mizu, imakhudza kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu, imalimbikitsa zokolola, imawonjezera zomwe zili ndi shuga ndi mavitamini mu zipatso. Zowoneka, kuperewera kwa silicon sikungawoneke, koma kuchepa kwake kudzakhudza kwambiri kukana mbewu pazinthu zoyipa, kukula kwa mizu, komanso kukula kwamaluwa ndi zipatso.

Zinthu zazing'ono ndi zazikulu zimathandizana wina ndi mnzake;Kuchulukitsa kwa phosphorous kumayambitsa kusowa kwa zinc ndi kupangidwa kwa phosphates zamkuwa ndi chitsulo - ndiye kuti, kuthekera kwa zitsulo izi kuzomera. Kugwiritsa ntchito sulufule yambiri kumachepetsa kulimbitsa thupi kwa molybdenum. Manganese ochulukirapo amatsogolera ku chlorosis yomwe imayamba chifukwa chosowa chitsulo. Kuzungulira kwa mkuwa kwambiri kumapangitsa kuchepera kwa chitsulo. Pa kuchepa kwa B, kuthira calcium kumalephera. Ndipo ili ndi gawo chabe la zitsanzo!

Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kulipirira kuchepa kwa ma macro- ndi ma microelement, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wosalala. Pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, pali nyimbo. Simungathe kuthira feteleza m'nthaka mu hydroponics, chifukwa zoyambirira zidzasiyana.

Nthaka ndimtundu wa buffer. Ili ndi michere mpaka chomera chikafuna. Dothi lokha limayang'anira kuchuluka kwa pH, pomwe mu ma hydroponic machitidwe amathandizira kwathunthu kwa munthu ndi mankhwalawo omwe amakwaniritsa yankho lake.

Pakulima kwachikhalidwe, ndizosatheka kudziwa kuchuluka kwa micronutrients padziko lapansi, pomwe ma hydroponics mphamvu ya pH ndi EC yothetsera michere imatha kutsimikizika popanda zovuta - kugwiritsa ntchito mita ya pH ndi mita ya EC. Kulima haidroponic ndizothandiza kwambiri. Komabe, kulephera kulikonse pano kumakhala ndi zovuta zambiri paminda. Ichi ndichifukwa chake muyenera kusankha feteleza mosamala.

Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wama macro- ndi ma microelements ofunikira pakudya cham'mera chomera chomwe chili ndi dothi Muli ndi feteleza wa Bio-grow + Bio-Bloom. Mankhwala amafulumizitsa kukula kwa maluwa ndi mbewu, kumachulukitsa zokolola.

Zomera za hydroponic, tikupangira kusankha feteleza Flora Duo Kukula HW + Flora Duo Bloom yopangidwa ku France. Ili ndi kapangidwe kabwino kamene kamakwaniritsa zosowa zonse za mbeu nyengo yonse ya moyo. Flora Duo Kukula kumalimbikitsa kuthamanga kwa tsamba ndikukula kwamapangidwe olimba. Flora Duo Bloom imakhala ndi phosphorous, yomwe imakonzekeretsa maluwa komanso maluwa.

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M'zaka zapitazi, asayansi anapeza zinthu zomwe zimakhudza ntchito yazomera zosiyanasiyana. Mothandizidwa ndi zinthuzi, wosamalira mundawo atha kukhudza kusintha kwa mbewu ya chomera, kuthamangitsa kapena kuchedwetsa kukula kwake. Zinthu zoterezi zimatchedwa kuti zokupatsa mphamvu.

Pali magwiridwe osiyanasiyana amitundu yofufuza mu thupi la munthu mumagawo osiyanasiyana a moyo. Zambiri mwa izo ndizinthu zamagetsi komanso kuthekera koyendetsa zamagetsi. Ngati kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte kusokonezeka, kusokonezeka kwa mtima wamagetsi kumatha kuchitika, kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi kungasinthe, komanso kusintha kwina kwa pathological kungachitike.

Kuyambira kale, ku Russia pamakhala chizolowezi chokumana ndi alendo ndi mkate ndi mchere, komanso chifukwa chomveka. Zakudyazi, kuphatikizapo zakudya, ziyenera kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mchere, popeza kuchepa kwawo kumayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, nyama zomwe sizingabwezeretsenso mchere womwe zimafunikira, zimafa posachedwa. Zomera zimakoka mchere kuchokera m'nthaka, zomwe zimakhudza mwachilengedwe mawonekedwe a zomerazo, zomwe zimakhudza matupi a herbivores. Komabe, zochulukirapo pazinthu izi zimakhalanso ndi mavuto akulu azaumoyo.

Zinthu zonse za mchere zimagawidwa m'magulu azinthu zazing'ono ndi zazikulu.

Maminolo ndi michere yopangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimapanga thupi ndipo ndizopangira chakudya. Pakadali pano, zinthu 16 zoterezi zimawonedwa ngati zofunika kwambiri. Maminolo ndizofunikira kwa munthu ngati mavitamini. Komanso, mavitamini ndi michere yambiri amagwira ntchito mogwirizana.

Kufunika kwa thupi kwa ma macrocell - sodium, potaziyamu, phosphorous, ndi zina - ndizofunikira: kuchokera mazana a milligrams mpaka magalamu angapo.

Kufunika kwa umunthu wa zinthu - chitsulo, mkuwa, zinki, ndi zina zambiri - ndizochepa kwambiri: amayeza kuyerekeza ndi gramu (ma kilogalamu).

Gome: macronutrients mu thupi la munthu ndi udindo wawo

Ma macronutrients m'thupi la munthu ndi potaziyamu, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, chlorine. Udindo wachilengedwe wa macronutrients, kufunikira kwa thupi kwa iwo, zizindikiro za kuchepa komanso magwero akulu amaperekedwa pagome.

Gome la macronutrients limaphatikizapo mitundu yawo yayikulu ndi mitundu, mwa zina zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri. Mukapenda kafukufuku mosamala, mumvetsetsa za ma macronutrients m'thupi la munthu.

Gome - Udindo ndi magwero ofunikira a macronutrients, kufunikira kwa thupilo ndi zizindikiro za kuchepa:

Macronutrients - Kufotokozera Kwambiri ndi Ntchito

Zinthu izi zimatchedwanso macronutrients, michere ya micronotegenic ndipo imapanga gawo lofunikira kwambiri la matupi amoyo: Pali gulu lochulukirapo la ma biogenic macrocell kuchokera pomwe ma nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), mapuloteni, lipids ndi mafuta. Micronutrient michere imaphatikizapo:

Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi gulu lina la macronutrients, lomwe limapezeka mthupi laling'ono, koma ndilofunikanso pamoyo wathunthu komanso machitidwe a thupi. Zinthu izi ndi monga:

Mankhwalawa amalowa mthupi ndi chakudya: mlingo wovomerezeka watsiku ndi tsiku umaposa 200 mg.Macronutrients amapezeka mthupi la anthu ndi nyama makamaka momwe amapangira ma ions ndipo amafunikira kuti pakhale maselo amthupi atsopano, izi zimakhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka hematopoiesis ndi zochitika zamafuta. Magulu aboma azamayiko ambiri adziwitsa zomwe zili mu macronutrients mu chakudya chamagulu.

Pamodzi ndi ma microelements, ma macroelements amapanga lingaliro lotakata - "zinthu za mchere". Ma macronutrients si gwero lamphamvu, koma ali gawo la pafupifupi minofu yonse ndi ma cell a thupi.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Feteleza wa Magnesium

Zomwe zimapangidwira zimagawidwa ku:

Zosavuta - muli ndi michere imodzi yokha. Imagwira magnesite ndi kuwomba.
Zovuta - imakhala ndi michere iwiri kapena kupitilira apo. Izi zimaphatikizapo nitrogen-magnesium (ammonoshenite kapena dolomite-ammonium nitrate), phosphorous-magnesium (anasakaniza phosphate), potaziyamu (calimagnesia, polycarbonite carnallite), mkuwa-magnesium (magnesium borate), calcareous (magnesium, dolomite) phosphorous ndi magnesium (magnesium ammonium phosphate).

Magwero opangira feteleza okhala ndi magnesium ndi mankhwala achilengedwe. Zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji monga gwero la magnesium, zina zimakonzedwanso.

Ma iron azitsulo sanalowetsedwe munthaka, chifukwa chitsulo chimatha kusintha mwachangu zinthu zomwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mbeu. Chosiyana ndi chelates - mankhwala achilengedwe azitsulo. Pakulemeretsa kwazitsulo, mbewu zimapopera mankhwala ndi sulfate yachitsulo, yankho lochepa la chloride ndi citric acid.

Zoyambitsa ndi zotsatira za kuchepa kwa ma macro- ndi ma microelements

Zomwe zimayambitsa kusowa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala:

Zakudya zoyipa, zosasamala kapena zosakhazikika,
madzi abwino akumwa,
zochitika zachilengedwe zoyenderana ndi nyengo komanso nyengo.
kutaya magazi kwambiri mwadzidzidzi
kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kuchulukitsidwa kwa zinthu kuchokera mthupi.

Kuperewera kwa zinthu zazing'ono komanso zazikulu zomwe zimabweretsa kusintha kwa thupi m'thupi, kusokoneza madzi, kagayidwe, kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa kukakamizidwa, ndi kuchepa kwa kayendetsedwe kazinthu.Kusintha kwanyumba konse mkati mwa maselo kumayambitsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa chitetezo chokwanira, komanso kuwoneka kwa matenda osiyanasiyana: matenda oopsa, matenda oopsa, matenda am'mimba, matenda ammimba, matenda oopsa, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda a shuga komanso ena ambiri. Matenda ngati amenewa amachititsa kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito, kuchepa m'maganizo komanso thupi, zomwe zimawopsa kwambiri paubwana.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukiranso kuti kuphatikiza pazinthu zofunikira kwambiri kwachilengedwe kumakhalanso kovulaza. Ochuluka aiwo amakhala ndi poizoni m'thupi ndipo nthawi zina amakhala opha.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira zakudya, moyo, ndipo, muyenera kudziwa zakudya zomwe zili ndi zinthu zofunika kuzisamalira.

Kuperewera kwa mchere wopindulitsa

Pazakudya, posakhalitsa, zimatsogolera pakupanga matenda opatsa thanzi.

Pafupifupi anthu mabiliyoni awiri padziko lapansi pano alibe zinthu zofunikira zazikulu komanso zazikulu. Awa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi malingaliro abwinobwino, okhala ndi zowonongeka m'maso, akhanda amafa popanda kukhala ndi chaka.
Maminolo amenewa amachititsa kwambiri dongosolo lamanjenje, kuphatikiza apo, amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zovuta zamkati mwazinthu zokhudzana ndi mtima.
Zinthu zazing'onoting'ono ndi zazikuluzikulu zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya chitetezo cha m'thupi. Mwachitsanzo, mwa anthu omwe amalandira mchere wofunikira komanso wofunikira pazofunikira, kuzizira kwa nyengo ndi matenda opatsirana ndikosavuta.

Kuphatikizika konse kwa zinthu zazing'ono komanso zazikulu ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa chilichonse chimakhudza gawo limodzi la ntchito yake. Zinthu izi, monga mavitamini, zimapezeka muzakudya zosiyanasiyana.

Mosakayikira, munthawi yanthawi yaying'ono - komanso zinthu zazikulu zingapangidwe mu ma labotor apadera, koma kupeza zofunikira ndi michere yazinthu zofunikira zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhala ndizothandiza kwambiri kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito ma analogues opanga.

Kuopsa kwa kuchepa kwa mchere

Ngati munthu kwa nthawi yayitali sachotsa mchere pazakudya zochuluka, ndiye kuti thupi limayamba kuyamwa kwambiri ma radioactive inclusions komanso kuyipitsa zitsulo, zofanana ndi zomwe sizikupezeka.

Zotsatira zake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhazikika mthupi, kudzera muzakudya zomwe zimasankhidwa bwino komanso kudya zakudya zowonjezera zachilengedwe, kapangidwe kake kazinthu zazikulu komanso zofunikira zazing'ono komanso zazikulu, vitamini Vit, kuti muchepetse kuthekera kwa thupi kuyamwa zinthu zovulaza m'malo osavomerezeka.

Kuphatikiza pa izi, ma isotopu amagetsi, ma x-ray ndi ma radiation ena owopsa adzayambitsa kutsika kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri, mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zotere, kuperewera kwa calcium, zinki, ayodini.

Micro - ndi macronutrients - kuteteza anthu!

Ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu kuti tidzitetezere ife ndi okondedwa anu pazovuta zakutsogolo zachilengedwe ngati tikukhala m'malo otere, ndipo ziwalo zathu ndi machitidwe athu tapeza zochuluka zokwanira za zinthu zoyipazi.

Pofuna kuthandiza ziwalo ndi machitidwe kuti azigwira ntchito moyenera pazomwe zikuchitika, adayiwala omwe adayiwalika ndipo adayamba kupanga zida zatsopano, ndikuphunzira momwe amathandizira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano.

Kukonzekera kwina konsekonse mu zamankhwala kwapangidwa, pofuna kukhazikitsa chitetezo chamthupi.
Osalowe m'malo mwa mankhwala, mankhwala, zowonjezera zachilengedwe zimathandiza munthu polimbana ndi matendawa.

Zigawo zam'mimbidwe zimakhudzidwa mwachindunji zonse, popanda kupatula, mafunde amtunduwu mu ziwalo, zomwe zimakhudza mapangidwe ndi kukula, ntchito za umuna, kupuma, ndi hematopoiesis.

Agawika m'magulu awiri ofunika:

Ma macronutrients - amaphatikizidwa ndi kapangidwe ka minofu ndikukhalamo m'mitundu yambiri. Awa ndi calcium, magnesium, potaziyamu, sodium, phosphorous.
Microelements - amatenga gawo lothandizira la mafunde panjanjito, ndipo amatenga nawo mbali pokonzekera mafunde ofunikira. Zimapezeka mu minofu yaying'ono. Zofunikira kwambiri zimatengedwa ngati michere yofunika: chitsulo, mkuwa, zinc, selenium, chromium, molybdenum, ayodini, cobalt, manganese.

Macronutrients a shuga

Mu shuga, kuyamwa kwa macronutrients (komanso kuyamwa kwa mavitamini, michere ndi michere ina iliyonse) kumakhala kotsika. Pachifukwa ichi, odwala matenda ashuga ambiri amawerengetsa michere yambiri. Zophatikizira zonse kuchokera pagululi ndizofunikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga, koma magnesium ndi calcium amapatsidwa mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza pazotsatira zopindulitsa kwambiri m'thupi, magnesium mu shuga imakhazikika pamtunda wamtima, imathandizira kuthamanga kwa magazi ndipo, koposa zonse, imapangitsa chidwi cha minofu ndi maselo kuti apange insulin. Izi mu kapangidwe ka mankhwala apadera amadziwika kuti azitsutsa mwamphamvu kapena koyambirira ngati insulini komanso prophylactic wothandizira. Mapiritsi a Magnesium ndiokwera mtengo komanso ogwira ntchito kwambiri. Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri: Magnelis, Magne-B6 (kuphatikiza ndi vitamini B₆), Magnikum.

Matenda a shuga opita patsogolo amapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya mafupa, ndikupangitsa mafupa a mafupa. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yakuwonongeka kwa shuga, insulin imakhudzidwa mwachindunji pakupanga mafupa. Ndi kuperewera kwa mahomoni awa, njira zama mineralization zimakhudzidwa.

Njirayi imatchulidwa kwambiri mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa shuga waung'ono. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa II amadwala kufooka kwa mafupa: zovuta za mafupa zimachitika pafupifupi theka la odwala. Nthawi yomweyo, chiopsezo cha ma fractures ndi kuvulala pang'ono ndi mikwingwirima yaying'ono chimawonjezeka.

Onse odwala matenda ashuga amalangizidwa kuti nthawi ndi nthawi azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochulukirapo a calcium ndi vitamini D kwa thupi. Tikuyankhula za onse omwe ali ndi calcium komanso vitamini D, komanso malo osamba dzuwa, mchikakamizo cha mavitamini omwe amapanga khungu. Zowonjezera zamkaka zapakompyuta zimatha kutumikiridwa.

Chingwe chakuda kapena mchiritsi - chimathandiza bwanji kulimbana ndi matenda ashuga?

Ndi nthiti ziti zomwe zimaloledwa mu shuga, ndipo ndi ziti zomwe zimapewedwa?

Mavuto a shuga: periodontitis. Kodi matenda am'kamwa ndi pakamwa amagwirizana bwanji ndi matenda ashuga?

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Macronutrients - zinthu ziti?

Thupi laumunthu liyenera kulandira macronutrients 12. Mwa awa, anayi amatchedwa biogenic, popeza kuchuluka kwawo m'thupi ndi kwakukulu. Macronutrients oterewa ndiye maziko a moyo wa zamoyo. Amakhala ndimaselo.

Ma macronutrients amaphatikizapo:

Amatchedwa biogenic, popeza ndizofunikira kwambiri pakapangidwe kazinthu ndipo zimakhala mbali ya pafupifupi zinthu zonse zachilengedwe.

Kodi ndi ziti zomwe zikufufuza?

Zinthu zazing'ono ndi zazikulu zimasiyanitsidwa chifukwa chakuti thupi limasowa zinthu zochepa. Kuchuluka kwa iwo m'thupi kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa. Komabe, kusowa kwawo kumayambitsanso matenda.

Nayi mndandanda wazinthu:

Zina zomwe zimatsata, zikaledzera, zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri, monga mercury ndi cobalt.

Kodi zinthuzi zimagwira ntchito yanji mthupi?

Ganizirani ntchito zomwe micronutrients ndi macronutrients amagwira.

Ntchito zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zina zofufuza sizimamvetsetsa bwinobwino, popeza zochepa zomwe zilipo m'thupi, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kudziwa momwe zimachitikira.

Udindo wa kufufuza zinthu m'thupi:

Kodi thupi limafunikira chakudya chiti?

Ganizirani tebulo momwe muli zinthu zomwe zimakhala zazikulu ndi micronutrients.

Yisiti, ng'ombe, tomato, tchizi, chimanga, mazira, maapulo, chiwindi chamwana

Ma apricots, mapichesi, mabulosi abulu, maapulo, nyemba, sipinachi, chimanga, tchire, mafuta oatmeal, chiwindi, tirigu, mtedza

Seaweed, nsomba

Ma apricots owuma, maamondi, ma hazelnuts, mphesa zamphesa, nyemba, chinangwa, chinangwa, nyemba, mbatata, mpiru, mtedza wa pine, walnuts

Nsomba (flounder, tuna, crucian carp, capelin, mackerel, hake, etc.), mazira, mpunga, nandolo, burwheat, mchere

Zopangira mkaka, mpiru, mtedza, oatmeal, nandolo

Kanthu	Zogulitsa
Manganese	Blueberries, mtedza, currants, nyemba, oatmeal, buckwheat, tiyi wakuda, chinangwa, kaloti
Molybdenum	Nyemba, chimanga, nkhuku, impso, chiwindi
Mkuwa	Mapeyala, avoca, soya, mphodza, nkhono, nsomba, nsomba zazinkhanira
Selenium	Mtedza, Nyemba, Zakudya Zam'madzi, Broccoli, anyezi, Kabichi
Nickel	Mtedza, chimanga, broccoli, kabichi
Phosphorous	Mkaka, nsomba, yolk
Sulfafa	Mazira, mkaka, nsomba, nyama, mtedza, adyo, nyemba
Zinc	Mpendadzuwa ndi nthangala za sesame, mwanawankhosa, hering'i, nyemba, mazira
Chrome
Sodium	Samodzi, nsomba zam'madzi, mazira
Aluminiyamu	Pafupifupi zinthu zonse

Tsopano mukudziwa pafupifupi chilichonse chokhudza macro- ndi ma microelements.

Ma accelerators a Micro

Monga mukudziwa, njira zambiri zamankhwala zimakhala zachangu kwambiri pamaso pa chothandizira. Ndipo michere yamagetsi imaphatikizanso zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofananira pazinthu zamitundu mitundu yazamoyo. Zinthuzi, monga tanena kale, zili m'matupi a chamoyo chochepa.

Zambiri zomwe zili mgulu la zinthu zomwe zimalowa m'malo othandizira moyo kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe, ndizochepa zokha zomwe zimatha kusinthidwa ndi thupi lathu lokha.

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chimachitika, ndipo chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati sichinatengedwe?

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa njira zofunika ndizofunikira michere (zakudya zofunikira). Zotsatsa zikuphatikiza:

Zomwe zimayambitsa microelementosis zitha kukhala zosiyana. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa ma radio isotopu komanso ma radiation oyang'ana kumbuyo nthawi zonse kumakhala kukupweteka chifukwa cha kusalinganika kwa zinthu zina mthupi la munthu. Zina mwa zinthu zomwe zikuwoneka kuti ndi matendawa ndi monga kusowa kwa chakudya, kusowa kwa mpweya wabwino, kuwala kwachilengedwe, madzi akumwa abwino, komanso moyo wongokhala.

Chochitika chachikulu chomwe chimalowetsa pakuwonongeka kwa zinthu zina ndi kumwa moledzera, kusuta fodya, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Nthawi zambiri, moyo wopanda thanzi umadzetsa kusowa kwa calcium, zinki, selenium, ayodini, magnesium. Kuti apange kuperewera kwa zinthuzi, thupi limachita molingana ndi ma algorithm omwe akatswiri asayansi ya zinthu zachilengedwe amatcha kuti mmakinawo.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani zakudya zofunikira m'thupi zimafunikira?

Chifukwa chake, aliyense wa ife ayenera kupanga chisankho cholondola, ndikupereka matupi athu mosalekeza pazofunikira zofufuza. Ngati palibe njira yomwe mungasinthire moyo wanu, mutha kusintha zakudya powonjezera zochita zanu.

Microelement imaphatikizapo zinthu zonse zomwe zimatha kupangidwa ndi pharmacology yamakono. Zakudya zowonjezera bwino zamagulu owonjezera zakudya zimakhutitsa thupi ndi mawonekedwe a ma microelements ofunikira ndi mavitamini, kukulitsa kamvekedwe, kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira.

Kudya pafupipafupi izi zowonjezera kumathandizira kuchotsa ma isotopu owoneka kuchokera ku ziwalo zamkati za munthu ndikuzisintha ndi zinthu zokhazikika.

Zotsatira za Kuperewera Kwachuma

Pakalibe kapena kulandira chokwanira ma micronutrients ndi macronutrients okhala ndi chakudya, ziwalo ndi machitidwe zimayimira pakupanga ndikupanga, kagayidwe, kayendedwe ka maselo ndikumasulira kwazidziwitso zamtundu wakwiya.

Kuchepetsa kapena kulandira kwambiri zinthu zazing'onozing'ono - ndi ma macro ambiri kumapangitsa kuti masinthidwe osazolowereka apezeke, makamaka, kuonekere matenda - ma microelements.

Dzinali limalumikiza matenda ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi kuchepa, kuchuluka kapena kusasamala kwa zinthu zina.
Kulandila kosayenera kwa zinthu zakufufuza ndi gwero (kutengera kuperewera kapena kuchuluka) kwa masinthidwe achilengedwe mkati mwa mawonekedwe abwinobwino, kapena zolephera zazikulu za metabolic, kapena mawonekedwe a zovuta zina.

Mitundu yonyansa pamene njira yoyendetsera ikasiya kutsimikizira homeostasis.

Ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi chidziwitso pazinthu zazikulu za mchere, za zinthu zomwe zilipo, zazambiri zamanambala. Muyeneranso kudziwa zovuta zomwe zimabweretsa vuto la kuchepa kwa chinthu chimodzi kapena china.

Calcium - chigawo chapakati pakapangidwe ka mano ndi minofu ya mafupa. Macrocell awa amatha kugwirizanitsa ntchito yamanjenje ndi minofu, zinthu za vasoconstriction ndi vasodilation, secroption ya endocrine, ndi hemostasis.

Magnesium ndi chinthu chosowa kwambiri chomwe ndi chofunikira pachiwonetsero cha metabolic m'thupi. Mwa zina, macrocell ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakulimbana kwa minofu ntchito, kutanthauzira kwa mitsempha ndikutulutsa kwa kayendedwe ka mtima.

Selenium - chinthu chomwe chimapezeka m'mapuloteni omwe amapanga ma enzymes kuteteza maselo ku zowonongeka za ma radicals aulere. Kuperewera kwa michere yofunikayi kumawonjezera ntchito za mtima, kumachepetsa chitetezo chokwanira, komanso kumachepetsa kugwira ntchito kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro.

Zinc - chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chofunikira kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chizigwira bwino ntchito. Kupezeka kwa zinc mu thupi kumathandizira kuchitapo kanthu kwa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta, kumathandizira kulimbitsa mofulumira thupi.

Iodini - ndodo yotsata mahomoni a chithokomiro - triiodothyronine ndi thyroxine. Zinthu izi zokha ndi zomwe zimathandizira kuyendetsa ntchito za metabolic, kulinganiza ntchito za kukula, ndikuthandizira njira yobereka.

Mkuwa - chigawo chapakati cha michere chofunikira komanso chofunikira pakukhazikitsa ntchito zamagulu amanjenje, kuwongolera njira yopanga mphamvu ndi njira zina, kupanga minofu yolumikizana, ndikupanga melanin.

Chuma - Pansi pamapangidwe azachilengedwe ndi heme. Amathandizanso pa kagayidwe ka okosijeni komanso kuwononga zinthu za poizoni. Iron imaphatikizidwa ndi zomwe zimapezeka mu hemoglobin - mapuloteni omwe maselo ofiira a m'magazi amakhala nawo. Popanda kukhalapo kwa chinthu chofunikira chofufuza, ntchito zopumira m'magawo a m'manja sizikanatheka.

Chrome -Chinthu chofufuza chimawonjezera mphamvu ya insulin ndipo chimalimbikitsa kulolera kwa glucose. Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa chromium zimafotokozedwa kuchepa kwa kulekerera kwa machitidwe kuti glucose, neuropathy.

Manganese - chofunikira pakhungu lamatenda amunthu, mitsempha, pofuna kuchiritsa bwino minofu ya thupi ndi kapangidwe ka collagen. Manganese ali mu ma enzyme omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kusinthana ndikuyenda ndipo amatiteteza kuti tisasokonezedwe ndi maulere.

Udindo wa ma macro, kutsatira zinthu za thupi la munthu ndi wabwino. Kupatula apo, amatenga nawo mbali pazinthu zambiri zofunika. Poyerekeza ndi kuchepa kwa chinthu, munthu amatha kukumana ndi matenda ena ake. Kuti mupewe izi, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake macro ndi micronutrients ambiri amafunikira m'thupi la munthu, komanso angati ayenera kukhala.

Mtengo wa kufufuza zinthu m'thupi la munthu

Kodi macro ndi ma micronutrients ambiri ndi ati

Zinthu zonse zofunikira komanso zofunika kwa thupi zimalowamo chifukwa cha chakudya, zowonjezera zachilengedwe, zopangidwa kuti zithetse kuchepa kwa zinthu zina. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zanu ziyenera kuthandizidwa mosamala kwambiri.

Musanayambe kuphunzira ntchito za zinthu zazing'ono komanso zazikulu, muyenera kumvetsetsa tanthauzo lake.

Ndipo mtengo wa zinthu zofufuza umasiyana ndi ma macro pazowonjezera kuchuluka.Zowonadi, pamenepa, zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndim mankhwala ndizopezeka zochepa zochepa.

Vital Macronutrients

Kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito komanso zolephera sizigwira ntchito yake, ndikofunikira kusamalira kudya mokwanira zinthu zazikulu ndi zazikulu zazing'ono. Zambiri pazambiri izi zitha kuwoneka mwa chitsanzo cha magome. Gome loyamba likuwonetsa bwino lomwe kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe ntchito a zinthu zina ndizokwanira kwa munthu, ndipo ithandizanso kudziwa kusankha kwa magwero osiyanasiyana.

Dzina la Macroelement	Mulingo watsiku ndi tsiku	Magwero
Chuma	10 - 15 mg	Zinthu zophikira zomwe ufa wowuma, nyemba, nyama, mitundu ina ya bowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Fluorine	700 - 750 mg	Zamkaka ndi nyama, nsomba.
Magnesium	300 - 350 mg	Zopanga zamkati, nyemba, masamba omwe ali ndi masamba obiriwira.
Sodium	550 - 600 mg	Mchere
Potaziyamu	2000 mg	Mbatata, nyemba, zipatso zouma.
Calcium	1000 mg	Zinthu zamkaka.

Malangizo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito macronutrients, omwe tebulo loyambirira likuwonetsa, akuyenera kuonedwa, chifukwa kusasamala pakumagwiritsa ntchito kungayambitse zotsatira zosayembekezereka. Gome lachiwiri lithandizira kumvetsetsa muyeso wofunikira kulowa mkati mwa zinthu za munthu.

Dzina la katundu	Mulingo watsiku ndi tsiku	Magwero
Manganese	2,5 - 5 mg	Saladi, Nyemba.
Molybdenum	Osachepera 50 mcg	Nyemba, chimanga.
Chrome	Osachepera 30 mcg	Bowa, phwetekere, mkaka.
Mkuwa	1 - 2 mg	Nsomba zam'nyanja, chiwindi.
Selenium	35 - 70 mg	Nyama ndi nsomba.
Fluorine	3 - 3.8 mg	Mtedza, nsomba.
Zinc	7-10 mg	Zakudya monga chimanga, nyama ndi mkaka.
Silicon	5-15 mg	Mitundu, zipatso, chimanga.
Iodini	150 - 200 mcg	Mazira, nsomba.

Gome ili litha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithunzi chowonetseratu ndipo likuthandizani kuyenda mukukonzekera menyu. Gome ndi lothandiza kwambiri komanso lofunikira pazochitika zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa thanzi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha nthenda.

Udindo wa zinthu za mankhwala

Udindo wa kufufuza zinthu m'thupi la munthu, komanso ma macrocell ndi akulu kwambiri.

Anthu ambiri saganiza nkomwe kuti amatenga nawo mbali pazinthu zambiri za metabolic, amathandizira pakupanga ndikuwongolera ntchito ya machitidwe monga kuzungulira, mantha.

Kuchokera pazinthu zamakanidwe zomwe patebulo loyamba ndi lachiwiri lili ndi zomwe kagayidwe kachakudya kamene kamakhala kofunikira pa moyo wa munthu, zimachitika ndi mchere wamchere ndi acid-base metabolism. Awa ndi mndandanda wawung'ono chabe wazomwe munthu amalandila.

Ntchito yachilengedwe ya macronutrients ndi motere:

Ntchito za calcium ndikupanga minofu yamafupa. Amatenga nawo mbali pakapangidwe ndikukula kwa mano, amachititsa magazi kuundana. Ngati chinthuchi sichilowa mu kuchuluka komwe kukufunika, ndiye kuti kusinthaku kungayambitse kukula kwa ana, komanso mafupa amkamwa.
Ntchito za potaziyamu ndikuti zimapereka madzi ku maselo amthupi, komanso zimatenga nawo gawo pazoyimira acid. Chifukwa cha potaziyamu, kuphatikiza mapuloteni kumachitika. Kuperewera kwa potaziyamu kumabweretsa kukula kwa matenda ambiri. Izi zimaphatikizapo mavuto am'mimba, makamaka, gastritis, zilonda, kulephera kwa mtima, mtima, impso.
Chifukwa cha sodium, ndizotheka kusunga kupanikizika kwa osmotic komanso acid-base bwino pamlingo. Sodium yodalirika komanso yopereka mphamvu ya mitsempha. Kuperewera kwa sodium kumanenepa ndi chitukuko cha matenda. Zina mwazo ndi kukokana kwa minofu, matenda omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kupanikizika.

Chifukwa cha sodium, ndizotheka kusunga kupanikizika kwa osmotic pamlingo

Ntchito za magnesium pakati pama macrocell onse ndizochulukirapo. Amatenga nawo mbali popanga mafupa, mano, kulekanitsa ndulu, matumbo, kukhazikika kwa mitsempha, ntchito zogwirizana ndi mtima zimadalira. Izi ndi gawo lamadzi am'maselo a thupi.Poganizira kufunikira kwa chinthuchi, kuchepa kwake sikungachitike, chifukwa zovuta zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi izi zimatha kukhudza m'mimba, njira zopatikirana ndi bile, mawonekedwe a arrhasmia. Munthu amayamba kutopa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwa m'mavuto, zomwe zimatha kusokoneza kugona.
Ntchito yayikulu ya phosphorous ndikutembenuka kwa mphamvu, komanso kutenga nawo mbali popanga minofu ya mafupa. Kuchotsa thupi la chinthuchi, munthu akhoza kukumana ndi mavuto, mwachitsanzo, kuphwanya mapangidwe ndi kukula kwa mafupa, kukula kwa mafupa, komanso mkhalidwe wopsinjika. Popewa zonsezi, ndikofunikira kubwezeretsanso malo omwe amasunga phosphorous.
Chifukwa cha chitsulo, njira za oxidative zimachitika, chifukwa zimalowa mu cytochromes. Kusowa kwa chitsulo kungakhudze kukula kwa thupi, kufooka kwa thupi, komanso kungayambitse kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.

Chifukwa cha chitsulo, njira zophatikizira oxidative zimachitika.

Udindo wachilengedwe wopanga zinthu zamthupi ndi kutenga gawo lililonse mwa zochita za thupi. Kudya kwawo kosakwanira kumatha kubweretsa vuto lamoyo lonse. Udindo wama micronutrients kwa munthu aliyense ndiwofunikira, chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutsatira chikhalidwe chawo tsiku lililonse, chomwe chimakhala ndi tebulo pamwambapa.

Chifukwa chake, zinthu za m'thupi la munthu ndizomwe zimayambitsa izi:

Iodine ndiyofunika ku chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Kukhazikika kwake kosakwanira kumabweretsa mavuto ndi kukula kwa mitsempha, hypothyroidism.
Chinthu monga silicon chimapereka kupangika kwa minofu ndi minofu, komanso ndi gawo la magazi. Kuperewera kwa silicon kumatha kuyambitsa kufooka kwambiri kwamafupa, komwe kumawonjezera mwayi wovulazidwa. Matumbo ndi m'mimba zimavutika ndi kuperewera.
Zinc imatsogolera kuchira kwamphamvu kwa mabala, kubwezeretsa kwa malo ovulala a khungu, ndi gawo la michere yambiri. Kusowa kwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndikusintha kwa kakomedwe, kubwezeretsa kwa malo owonongeka a khungu pakapita nthawi yayitali.

Zinc imatsogolera kuchira koyambirira kwa mabala

Udindo wa fluoride ndikuchita nawo mapangidwe a enamel, mano. Kuperewera kwake kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa enamel ya mano ndi caries, zovuta zomwe zimakumana ndi ntchito yopanga mchere.
Selenium imapereka chitetezo chokhazikika cha chitetezo chamthupi, chimagwira ntchito mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Ndikotheka kulankhula za kusowa kwa selenium m'thupi momwe mavuto akakula, mapangidwe a minofu ya mafupa amatsatiridwa, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kumayamba.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa, zimatha kusuntha ma elekitoni, ma enzyme catalysis. Ngati zamkuwa sizikhala zokwanira, kuchepa magazi kungayambike.
Chromium imachita nawo kagayidwe kake ka zakudya m'thupi. Kuperewera kwake kumakhudza kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe nthawi zambiri amayambitsa matenda a shuga.

Chromium imachita nawo kagayidwe kake ka zakudya m'thupi.

Molybdenum amalimbikitsa kusunthira kwa elekitironi. Popanda izo, mwayi wa enamel kuwonongeka mano ndi caries, mawonekedwe a zovuta zamanjenje.
Udindo wa magnesium ndikutenga gawo pamagulu a enzymatic catalysis.

Micro, macrocell omwe amalowa mthupi limodzi ndi zinthu, zowonjezera zama biology ndizofunikira kwa munthu, ndipo mavuto ndi matenda omwe amadza chifukwa chofooka amachitira umboni kufunikira kwawo. Pofuna kubwezeretsa bwino, ndikofunikira kusankha chakudya choyenera, ndikupatsa zomwe amakonda zomwe zili ndi zofunika.

Ma macronutrients amaphatikizapo oksijeni, kaboni, haidrojeni, nayitrogeni, phosphorous, sulufu, potaziyamu, calcium, sodium, chlorine, magnesium ndi chitsulo. Zinthu zinayi zoyambira zomwe zidatchulidwa (oxygen, kaboni, haidrojeni ndi nayitrogeni) zimatchedwanso kuti organogenic, chifukwa ndi gawo limodzi lamagulu apakompyuta.Phosphorous ndi sulfure ndi zina mwazinthu zingapo zachilengedwe, monga mapuloteni ndi ma acid. Phosphorous ndikofunikira kuti apangidwe ndi mafupa ndi mano. Popanda macronutrients otsala, kugwira ntchito kwakuthupi kwamthupi ndikosatheka. Chifukwa chake, potaziyamu, sodium ndi chlorine zimakhudzidwa ndi kayendedwe ka maselo. Calcium amafunikira kuti agwirizane ndi minofu ya m'mimba ndi kuwonda. Magnesium ndi gawo limodzi la mankhwala enaake otchedwa chlorophyll. Amatenganso mbali mu biosynthesis ya mapuloteni ndi ma acid. Iron ndi gawo la hemoglobin, ndipo ndiyofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito ma enzymes ambiri.

Calcium Ichi ndiye chigawo chachikulu cha mafupa ndi mano, ndikofunikira kuti magazi azisokonekera, umakhudzidwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka cell membrane permeability, mu maselo a minyewa contractions. Calcium ndi chinthu chosawonongeka. Ndi kumwa kosakwanira kwa kashiamu kapena kuphwanya mayamwidwe ake m'thupi, mumakhala mukuwonjezeka kwa mafupa ndi mano. Akuluakulu, mafupa amayamba - mafupa a demineralization, mwa ana mapangidwe a mafupa amakhala opuwala, matumba amakula. Magulu abwino kwambiri a calcium ndi mkaka ndi mkaka, tchizi zosiyanasiyana komanso tchizi chokoleti, anyezi wobiriwira, parsley, ndi nyemba.

Magnesium Izi ndizofunikira pa ntchito za ma enzymes angapo ofunikira, kuti ikwaniritse ntchito yachilendo yamanjenje ndi minyewa yamtima, imakhala ndi mphamvu yodalirika, imathandizira katulutsidwe ka bile, ndikuwonjezera ntchito yamatumbo. Ndikusowa kwa magnesium, chimbudzi chimasokonekera, kukula ndikuchedwa, calcium imayikidwa m'makoma a zotengera, zinthu zina zingapo za pathological zimayamba. Zakudya zambiri zomwe zimabzala ndizopezeka mu magnesium: tirigu, tirigu, nyemba, apurikoti, ma apricots, zouma.

Potaziyamu Pamodzi ndi mchere wina, imapereka kupanikizika kwa osmotic, imathandizira pakuwongolera madzi amchere amchere, acid-base usawa, imathandizira kuchotsa madzi ndi poizoni m'thupi, ndikuchita nawo kayendedwe ka ntchito zamtima ndi ziwalo zina. Amatengedwa bwino bwino kuchokera m'matumbo, ndipo potaziyamu yambiri imachotsedwa mwachangu mthupi ndi mkodzo. Zakudya za mmera ndizambiri zochokera potaziyamu: ma apricots, prunes, mphesa zamphesa, sipinachi, nsomba zam'madzi, nyemba, nandolo, mbatata, etc.

Sodium. Amathandizanso kusunga osmotic kuthamanga mumadzi am'madzi komanso magazi, kagayidwe kamchere wamadzi, acid-base usawa. Izi zomanga thupi zimatengeka mosavuta kuchokera m'matumbo. Sodium ions imapangitsa kutupa kwa minyewa ya colloids. Kwenikweni, ma ayoni a sodium amalowa mthupi chifukwa cha sodium chloride - NaCl. Ndi kumwa kwambiri sodium chloride, madzi amasungidwa m'thupi, zochitika zamkati mwa mtima zimavuta, ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera. Wachikulire amadya mpaka 15 g ya sodium chloride tsiku lililonse. Chizindikiro ichi chimatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka 5 g patsiku popanda kuvulaza thanzi.

Phosphorous Izi zimatenga mbali machitidwe onse amthupi: kagayidwe kazachilengedwe, gawo lama acid acid, lofunikira popanga ATP. Mu minofu ya thupi ndi zakudya, phosphorous imapangidwa ndi phosphoric acid ndi ma organic mankhwala (phosphates). Unyinji wake waukulu umakhala m'mafupa amtundu wa calcium phosphate. Ndi kuchepa kwakutalika kwa phosphorous mu zakudya, malingaliro ndi thupi zimachepa. Phosphorous yochulukirapo imapezeka pazinthu zomwe zidachokera ku nyama, makamaka m'chiwindi, caviar, komanso m'miyala ndi nyemba.

Chlorine Izi zimakhudzidwa ndikupanga madzi a m'mimba, mapangidwe a plasma. Izi zomanga thupi zimatengeka mosavuta kuchokera m'matumbo. Chlorine owonjezera umadziunjikira pakhungu. Kufunika kwa chlorine tsiku ndi tsiku kuli pafupifupi 5g. Chlorine amalowa m'thupi la munthu makamaka mu mawonekedwe a sodium chloride.

Ma macro ndi ma micronutrient ofunikira kwambiri

Calcium ndi gawo lalikulu la minofu yamafupa, komanso imafunikira kuti ikhale ndi ionic usawa wa thupi, imayang'anira kuyambitsa kwa michere ina. Kuchuluka kwa calcium kumapezeka mumkaka, kotero tsiku lililonse ndikofunikira kuphatikiza mkaka, tchizi, kefir, mkaka wowotchera, tchizi tchizi pamenyu.

Phosphorous amatenga mphamvu pamagetsi, ndi gawo lamaumbidwe a inert minofu, ma nucleic acid. Nsomba, nyama, nandolo, buledi, oatmeal, ma barele ovuula omwe ali ndi phosphorous.

Magnesium oyang'anira kagayidwe kazakudya, mphamvu, imathandizira kugwira ntchito kwamanjenje. Imapezeka muzinthu zambiri monga tchizi tchizi, mtedza, zipatso za barele, masamba, nandolo, nyemba.

Sodium imagwira ntchito yayikulu pakuwonetsetsa kuti magazi azikhala olimba, kuthamanga kwa magazi, minofu ndi minyewa yamanjenje ndikugwira ntchito kwa enzyme. Zoyambira zazikulu za sodium ndi mkate ndi mchere.

Potaziyamu - intracellular element yomwe imasunga madzi amchere wamchere ndimayendedwe a minofu yamtima, imathandizira kukhalabe ndi magazi. Zakudya zotsatirazi ndizambiri: zipatso, sitiroberi, mapichesi, kaloti, mbatata, maapulo, mphesa.

Chlorine chofunikira pakuphatikizidwa kwa madzi a m'mimba, madzi am'magazi, imayambitsa ma enzyme angapo. Imalowa mthupi la munthu makamaka kuchokera ku mkate ndi mchere.

Sulfafa ndi gawo lama protein, mavitamini ndi mahomoni ambiri. Zida zanyama ndizachuma pazinthu izi.

Chuma imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mthupi lathu. Ndi gawo la ma enzymes ambiri ndi hemoglobin, ndimapuloteni omwe amapereka mpweya kuchokera ku ziwalo zonse ndi thupi lathu. Chitsulo ndichofunikanso kuti apange maselo ofiira amwazi ndikuwongolera kayendedwe ka magazi. Izi ndi wolemera ng'ombe ndi nkhumba chiwindi, impso, mtima, amadyera, mtedza, Buckwheat, oat ndi ngale balere.

Zinc imapangitsa magwiridwe amkati minofu, kayendedwe ka magazi, imayambitsa kugwira ntchito kwa chithokomiro cha thymus. Kukongola ndi thanzi la khungu, misomali ndi tsitsi zimatengera zinc. Zakudya zam'nyanja, bowa, ma currants, raspberries, chinangwa zimakhala ndizambiri za chinthu ichi.

Iodini ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri ku chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, chomwe chimatsimikizira kuyendetsa bwino kwamthupi, minyewa, chitetezo chamthupi. Izi zimadzaza ndi nsomba zam'madzi, aronia, feijoa, nyemba mumatumba, tomato, sitiroberi.

Chrome imayendetsa njira zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kufalikira kwa chidziwitso cha cholowa, zimagwira nawo kagayidwe, zimalepheretsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Ndi gawo la zinthu zotsatirazi: chiwindi cha ng'ombe, mazira, nyongolosi ya tirigu, mafuta a chimanga.

Silicon udindo wa maselo oyera, minofu elasticity, amathandizira kulimbitsa magazi ndi khungu, amatenga nawo chitetezo chokwanira komanso amachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Muli kabichi, kaloti, nyama, zam'madzi.

Mkuwa amatenga nawo mbali mu kayendedwe ka magazi ndi kupuma. Ndi kupanda kwake, kutsekeka kwa minofu ya mtima kumayamba. Imapezeka pazinthu monga mphesa, nyama, tchizi chokoleti, jamu, yisiti yofulula.

Chifukwa chake, kuti thanzi lanu lizigwira ntchito bwino, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Ndipo nthawi yachisanu-yophukira, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a multivitamin. Izi zithandiza kulimbikitsa chitetezo chokwanira komanso kuthetsa chimfine ndi matenda ena.

Kodi macronutrients mwachidziwikire, pafupifupi chilichonse chikuyimira chiyani. Izi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri kwachilengedwa. Ndiwothandiza komanso ofunika. Inde, m'thupi la munthu mulibe ambiri a iwo (oposa 0,01%), koma kufunikira kwake ngakhale mu zochulukirapo ndizothandiza. Ndiye, kodi zinthu izi ndi ziti, zimachokera kuti mthupi ndipo zimagwira ntchito yanji?

Chiyambi ndi mndandanda

Nanga macronutrients ndi ati? Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimapanga maziko a thupi la chamoyo.Thupi laumunthu silitha kudzipangira palokha, chifukwa chake liyenera kuchokera kumadzi oyera ndi chakudya. Kuperewera kwa chinthu chimodzi kumakhala kovuta ndi zovuta zamagulu komanso matenda.

Ma macronutrients agawidwa:

Biogenic. Amadziwikanso kuti zinthu za psychanogenic, kapena macronutrients. Amathandizira pantchito yopanga ma carbohydrate, mafuta, mapuloteni, mahomoni, mavitamini ndi ma enzyme. Izi zimaphatikizapo sulufu, phosphorous, oksijeni, nayitrogeni, haidrojeni ndi kaboni.
Ena. Izi zimaphatikizapo potaziyamu, calcium, magnesium, sodium ndi chlorine.

Zakudya zomwe zimakhudzidwa tsiku lililonse ndizoposa 200 mg. Kuti mukhale ndi michere yambiri, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa zakudya zanu komanso kukonza zakudya. Ndikofunikira kuti thupi lilandire chilichonse chomwe chikufuna.

Chifukwa chake, kodi macronutrient ndi chiyani, momveka bwino. Tsopano ndikofunika kunena mwachidule za aliyense payekhapayekha. Mpweya wa oxygen suyenera lingaliro lapadera, chifukwa limakhala ndi 65% ya maselo.

Macrocell awa omwe amapanga chamoyo chilichonse amatenga gawo lofunikira. Kupatula apo, mpweya ndi mankhwala othandizira padziko lonse lapansi. Popanda icho, kapangidwe ka adenosine triphosphate, komwe ndiko gwero lamphamvu la zinthu zonse zachilengedwe, sikutheka.

Tili othokoza chifukwa cha oksijeni kuti thupi limatulutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku mafuta, mapuloteni, chakudya komanso zinthu zina. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mumkhalidwe wodekha, pafupifupi magalamu awiri a macrocell awa pamphindi. Ndiye kuti, pafupifupi tani pachaka.

Polankhula za macrocell, munthu sangathe kupereka chidwi chake pazinthu izi. Iye mwa kuchuluka kwa 18% ndi gawo la maselo ambiri.

Imalowa m'thupi la munthu ndi chakudya, pafupifupi 300 g patsiku, komanso ndi kaboni dayokisi, yomwe ili mlengalenga (pafupifupi 3.7 g).

Ndizosangalatsa kuti chinthu ichi, ngakhale chili chonse, ndichopulumutsidwa kwa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, mpweya wochita kukonzedwa umatsala pang'ono kukwana 100% kaboni. Ndi cholowetsa champhamvu, panjira.

Koma simuyenera kuyesetsa kubwezeretsanso kaboni yanu pomwa mapiritsi angapo amalaola tsiku lililonse. Palibe amene ali ndi vuto la kusowa kwa chinthu ichi, chifukwa ndi gawo lazakudya zonse ndi mpweya.

Ndi 10% ya maselo a thupi. Izi ndizofunikanso kwambiri. Macronutrient hydrogen imapanga malo achilengedwe ndi mamolekyulu achilengedwe.

Imalumikizana ndi zinthu zambiri, ndikuwonetsa katundu wochepetsera komanso wa oxidizing. Mu thupi la munthu ndi zinthu zina zimakhala sulfhydryl ndi amino acid omwe amagwira nawo ntchito yama molekyulu yachilengedwe. Ndiye chifukwa cha zomangira za haidrojeni kuti molekyu ya DNA imakopedwa.

Ndipo, ndithudi, sizingatheke kunena kuti haidrojeni yomwe imaphatikizidwa mndandanda wa macronutrients amapanga madzi. Izi ndichifukwa chake zimachitika ndi oxygen. Mwakutero, madzi amakhala ndi 60-70% ya anthu.

Ambiri amaiwala kusunga magazi m'matupi awo. Koma izi ndizosavuta - ingomwa malita 1.5-2,5 amadzi patsiku.

Katunduyu amakhalanso ndi ma macrocell. Amapanga 3% ya maselo. Ichi ndi organogen chomwe chili gawo la amino acid omwe amapanga mapuloteni. Ilinso mu ma nucleotides - zida zomanga za hemoglobin, mahomoni, ma CD, ma neurotransmitters, mavitamini ndi zinthu zina.

Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa nayitrogeni, minofu dystrophy, kusowa mphamvu, kagayidwe kazakudya, kuchepa kwa thupi ndi malingaliro, kukhumudwa komanso kusowa kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kuchitika.

Gwero lalikulu la macroelement awa, gawo lofunika kwambiri, ndi chakudya chama protein. Mazira, nsomba, nyama, mkaka, nyemba, mtedza, buledi wopanda tirigu ndi mafuta a masamba.

Ma macronutrients amaphatikiza chinthu ichi, chomwe chimalowa m'thupi mokwanira 2%. Nayi udindo womwe amachita:

Amachita nawo gawo la minofu yolimbitsa thupi, imagwira pamtima, imagwirizanitsa kugunda kwa mtima.
Imagwira ntchito zomanga kuti ipange mafupa ndi mano.
Amathandizira kufalitsa zikhumbo zamkati kumayendedwe amanjenje, imayambitsa zochitika za ma enzymes omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kaphatikizidwe ka neurotransmitters.
Amayendetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi limodzi ndi sodium ndi magnesium.
Imawonjezera mphamvu ya vitamini K, yomwe imakhudza magazi.
Zimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa michere, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kayendedwe ka michere.
Imalimbitsa chitetezo chathupi.

Kuperewera kwa zinthu kumabweretsa ku idiopathic hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis, kusokonezeka kwamatumbo, matenda oopsa, etc. Mukhoza kubwezeretsani bwino pomwa kashiamu. Kapena ingowonjezerani zonona, mkaka, kanyumba tchizi, tchizi, sipinachi, nyemba, broccoli, nyemba za curd, maapulo, ma apricot, ma apricots owuma, nsomba, maimondi okoma ku chakudya chanu.

Macrocell awa ali ndi tanthauzo lake. Udindo wake ndi monga:

Ndili gawo la phosphorproteins ndi phosphorlipids, omwe ali pakapangidwe ka membrane. Imapezekanso ma nucleic acid omwe amathandizira pakugawika kwa maselo, komanso posungira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma genetic.
Amatembenuza mapuloteni, chakudya ndi mafuta kukhala mphamvu. Phosphorous ali m'molekyulu a adenosine triphosphate - chosunga chake.
Amatenga nawo kagayidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe kazinthu zamagetsi.
Amayambitsa mavitamini a magulu D ndi B.

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa phosphorous, kupweteka kwa mafupa ndi minofu, kutopa, kufooka, kusinthika kwa myocardial, zotupa za hemorrhagic, matenda a periodontal, ricores zimawonedwa. Zomwe zimapezeka pazinthu izi ndi tchizi, mkaka, chiwindi cha ng'ombe, sturgeon caviar, oatmeal, njere, walnuts, dzungu, kaloti, adyo, sipinachi ndi kabichi.

Izi ndi za macrocell nawonso. Ndi 0.35% yokha m'thupi, koma imagwira ntchito zofunika zotsatirazi:

Imakhalabe ndi kupanikizika kwapakati pa intracellular, kutengapo gawo pazowonjezera za sodium-potaziyamu.
Amapereka kuyenera koyenera kwa minofu.
Imakhala ndi madzi mkati mwa maselo.
Zimapangitsa kutengera kwa organic.
Momwe zimakhudzira magwiridwe antchito a impso, amachotsa slagging ndi kutupa.

Chifukwa chosowa potaziyamu, zosokoneza m'miyeso ya mtima, kunjenjemera, kusokonekera, kusokonezeka kwa minyewa, kufooka kwa minofu, kugona komanso kutopa kumawonedwa.

Muli zinthu zotsatirazi: ma apricots zouma, nyemba, nsomba zam'madzi, nandolo, maamondi, zoumba zoumba, mtedza ndi ntchire, ma cashews, mbatata, mpiru, mphodza.

Nayi phindu la macrocell awa, omwe amalowa m'thupi mokwanira 0,25%:

Izi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakapangidwe kamanjenje, mafupa ndi cartilage, maselo, misomali, khungu ndi tsitsi.
Amatengako kagayidwe.
Ndi gawo lama mavitamini angapo, ma amino acid, mahomoni ndi ma enzyme.
Imakhazikika dongosolo lamanjenje.
Normalized shuga bwino.
Ali ndi katundu wotsutsa.
Kuchuluka chitetezo chokwanira.

Ndipo uwu ndi mndandanda wawung'ono chabe. Kuperewera kwa sulufule m'thupi kumasonyezedwa ndi misomali yofinya, tsitsi losakhazikika, chifuwa, kudzimbidwa pafupipafupi, kupweteka kwa mafupa ndi minofu, tachycardia, kutsekeka kwa khungu.

Sulfa ndi gawo la nyama yodala yankhumba ndi nkhumba, nsomba, nkhuku, mazira, tchizi zolimba, nsomba zam'madzi, zipolopolo, nyemba ndi chimanga, chimanga, horseradish, mpiru, komanso zipatso ndi zipatso zamitundu yobiriwira.

Macronutrient iyi imakhala ndi 0,15%. Imagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:

Kutunga madzi moyenera.
Matenda a osmotic anzawo.
Kusunga acid-base balance.
Mayendedwe a zinthu kudutsa cell nembanemba.
Matenda a metabolism.
Kudzimbidwa kwa chakudya (gawo la madzi a m'mimba).

Kuperewera kwa sodium ndimadzipezekanso, chifukwa amalowa m'thupi lathu limodzi ndi mchere - mchere wa patebulo komanso womwe umapezeka m'zakudya wamba. Magwero ake ndiwosuta ndi soseji wophika, tchizi zolimba, soups zamasamba, sauerkraut, zikwangwani, nsomba zamzitini, massels, nsomba zazinkhanira, nkhanu.

Zokhala ndi mulingo wofanana ndi sodium - 0,15%.Imakhala yofunikira kwambiri m'madzi amchere amchere komanso acid-base balance. Kuphatikiza apo, chlorine imakhudzidwa ndi osmoregulation - njira zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muchotse madzi osafunikira ndi mchere wambiri m'thupi. Ndipo imathandizira kupezeka kwa madzi am'mimba, amateteza ku kuchepa kwa madzi ndipo imasinthasintha maselo ofiira am'magazi.

Gwero lalikulu la chlorine ndi mchere, rye ndi mikate yoyera, tchizi cholimba, batala, lilime la ng'ombe, impso za nkhumba, hering'i, pollock, hake, saury, capelin, oysters, 9 peresenti tchizi, azitona, mpunga, kefir.

Macrocell awa mthupi ndiocheperako - 0,05%. Koma amatenga nawo mbali zoposa 300 zama enzymatic zosiyanasiyana. Komanso, kupanga mapuloteni sikokwanira popanda iyo. Ndipo magnesium imapangitsa kuti kapangidwe kazinthu ka cell kakhale kokhazikika pakumera. Kuphatikiza apo, zimakhudza bwino kukula kwa mafupa, kuthamanga kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi, shuga, ndikugwirira ntchito ngati njira yothandiza yolumikizira mafupa ndi minofu.

Gwero la magnesium ndi chimanga, chimanga, kabichi yoyera, nandolo, ufa wa soya, mandimu, mphesa, apricots, nthochi, nkhuyu, maapulo, shrimps, cod, mackerel.

Monga mukuwonera, ma macroelements onsewa amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mthupi la munthu. Chifukwa chake, zili zomveka kusinthira zakudya zanu kuti zonse zitha kukwanira.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pazamoyo (kusiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zobadwa nazo) ndi zinthu zofunika kuzinthu zachilengedwe kuti zitsimikizire kuti moyo wabwinobwino. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'chilengedwe zimalembedwa kuti:

macroelements (zomwe mumapezeka zinthu zopitilira 0.01%)
tsatira zinthu (zomwe zili zosakwana 0.001%).

Zinthu za thanzi:

Mpweya wa okosijeni - 65%
Carbon - 18%
Hydrogen - 10%
Nayitrogeni - 3%

Izi macronutrients amatchedwa biogenic (organogenic) zinthu kapena macronutrients (English macronutrient). Zinthu zachilengedwe monga ma protein, mafuta, ma carbohydrate ndi ma nikic acid zimapangidwa makamaka kuchokera kuma macronutrients. Potengera ma macronutrients, CHNO choyimira nthawi zina chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe amomwe amomwe amomwe amapangira mndandanda wazomwe zimayikidwa.

Zofunikira kufufuza

Malinga ndi deta yamakono, zinthu zopitilira 30 zimawonedwa kuti ndizofunikira pa moyo wa zomera, nyama ndi anthu. Pakati pawo (motsatira zilembo):

Kutsikira kwazomwe zimapangika m'thupi, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kukhazikitsa gawo lazinthuzo, kudziwa zomwe zimapangidwa momwe zimapangidwira. Zina mwazosakayikira ndizophatikiza ndi boron, vanadium, silicon, etc.

Kuperewera kwa zinthu zina mthupi

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa mchere:

Zakudya zopanda pake kapena zopanda pake, madzi osamwa abwino.
Zochitika m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi ndi madera akumidzi (yosavomerezeka).
Kutayika kwakukulu kwa mchere chifukwa cha magazi, matenda a Crohn, ulcerative colitis.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena omwe kumangiriza kapena kuyambitsa kutayika kwa zinthu zina.

Zinthu zamafuta-macroelements

Macro zinthu	Zakudya
amuna	azimayi
Calcium	Zinthu Zamkaka ndi Mkaka	1000 mg	1000 mg	FNB 2500mg
Phosphorous	700 mg	700 mg	FNB 4000 mg
Magnesium	350 mg	300 mg	FNB 350 mg
Sodium	Mchere wabwino	550 mg	550 mg	FNB (yopanda data)
Potaziyamu	2000 mg	2000 mg	FNB (yopanda data)

Macro zinthu	Zachilengedwe zimakhudza thupi	Matenda omwe angathe kupezeka ndi kuchepa kwa mavitamini kapena mchere	Zakudya	Avereji ya tsiku lililonse ya akulu *		Mulingo wovomerezeka wa tsiku lililonse **
woyembekezera ny	unamwino
Calcium	Kupanga mafupa, kupanga mano, kupangika kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa mitsempha	Matenda a mafupa,	Zinthu Zamkaka ndi Mkaka	1000 mg	1200 mg	FNB 2500mg
Phosphorous	Mapulogalamu azinthu zachilengedwe, njira zothetsera maselo, mapangidwe amafupa, kusintha kwa mphamvu	Mavuto okula, kufooka kwa mafupa, rickets, osteomalacia	Mkaka, mkaka, nyama, nsomba	800 mg	900 mg	FNB 4000 mg
Magnesium	Kupanga minofu ya mafupa, kupangika kwa mano, ma neuromuscular conduction, coenzyme (coenzyme) mu chakudya ndi mapuloteni a metabolism, gawo lofunikira la madzimadzi a intracellular	Chisoni, kuyabwa, minyewa yotupa komanso kukokana, matenda am'mimba, kusokonezeka kwa mtima	Zopangira mafuta opera, mtedza, nyemba, masamba obiriwira	310 mg	390 mg	FNB 350 mg
Sodium	Chofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimathandizira kuthamanga kwa osmotic, acid-base balance, kufalitsa chikoka cha mitsempha	Hypotension, tachycardia, minofu kukokana	Mchere wabwino	FNB (yopanda data)
Potaziyamu	Chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga madzimadzi okhathamira, acid-base balance, minofu ntchito, mapuloteni ndi glycogen	Kutupa kwa minyewa, kufooka kwa minofu, kusokonezeka kwa vuto la mitsempha, kugunda kwa mtima	Zipatso Zouma, Nyemba, Mbatata, yisiti	FNB (yopanda data)

Tsatirani mchere

Micro zinthu	Zachilengedwe zimakhudza thupi	Matenda omwe angathe kupezeka ndi kuchepa kwa mavitamini kapena mchere	Zakudya	Avereji ya tsiku lililonse ya akulu *	Mulingo wovomerezeka wa tsiku lililonse **
amuna	azimayi
Chuma	10 mg	15 mg	FNB 45 mg
Iodini	200 mcg	150 mcg	FNB 1.1 mg
Fluorine	Nsomba, Soya, Hazelnuts	3,8 mg	3,1 mg	FNB 10 mg
Zinc	10,0 mg	7,0 mg	FNB 40 mg
Selenium	30-70 mcg	30-70 mcg	FNB 400 mcg SCF 300 mcg
Mkuwa	Osowa magazi kwambiri	1,0-1,5 mg	1,0-1,5 mg	FNB 10 mg
Manganese	Zosadziwika	2,0-5,0 mg	2,0-5,0 mg	FNB 11 mg
Chrome	Carbohydrate kagayidwe	30-100 mcg	30-100 mcg	FNB (yopanda data)
Molybdenum	Maembe, chimanga	50-100 mcg	50-100 mcg	FNB 2 mg SCF 0,6 mg

Micro zinthu	Zachilengedwe zimakhudza thupi	Matenda omwe angathe kupezeka ndi kuchepa kwa mavitamini kapena mchere	Zakudya	Avereji ya tsiku lililonse ya akulu *		Mulingo wovomerezeka wa tsiku lililonse **
woyembekezera ny	unamwino
Chuma	Monga gawo la hemoglobin, monga gawo la cytochromes, omwe amagwira nawo ntchito mu ma process a oxidative mu maselo	Kusokonezeka kwa erythropoiesis (kupangika kwa maselo ofiira a magazi), kuchepa kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa magazi, kutopa	Nthochi, nyama, bowa, mankhwala opangidwa ndi chizungu	30 mg	20 mg	FNB 45 mg
Iodini	Gawo lofunika kwambiri la mahomoni a chithokomiro	Matenda a Bazedov, akuchepetsa kukula kwa dongosolo lamanjenje lamkati	Nsomba, oyster, algae, nyama zam'mimba, mazira	230 mcg	260 mcg	FNB 1.1 mg
Fluorine	Mapangidwe a enamel mano, mafupa minofu	Mavuto okula, kusokonekera kwa mineralization kumasokoneza	Nsomba, Soya, Hazelnuts	3,1 mg	3,1 mg	FNB 10 mg
Zinc	Chipangizo (cofactor) cha michere yoposa zana, kusuntha kwa kaboni dayokisai, kukhazikika kwa ziwalo zamakono, kuchiritsa kwamankhwala	Dysplasia, kuchiritsa kwamabala osavulala, kusowa kwa chakudya, kusokoneza kwakumwa	Mbewu za chimanga, nyama, nyama yam'mimba, mkaka	10,0 mg	11,0 mg	FNB 40 mg
Selenium	Gawo lofunikira mu enzyme system ndi glutathione. peroxidase, yomwe imateteza ma membala obisika kuti asawonongeke ndi ma radicals aulere, ntchito ya chithokomiro, chitetezo chokwanira	Matendawa, matenda a mtima, mavuto a kukula komanso mapangidwe amafupa	Nsomba, nyama, nyama yam'mimba, mtedza	30-70 mcg	30-70 mcg	FNB 400 mcg SCF 300 mcg
Mkuwa	Njira za enzyme catalysis (biocatalysis), kusuntha kwa elekitoni, kuyanjana ndi chitsulo	Osowa magazi kwambiri	Chiwindi, nyemba, zakudya zam'nyanja, mankhwala opatsa thanzi	1,0-1,5 mg	1,0-1,5 mg	FNB 10 mg
Manganese	Njira za enzyme catalysis (biocatalysis)	Zosadziwika	Mtedza, mbewu monga chimanga, nyemba, masamba amasamba	2,0-5,0 mg	2,0-5,0 mg	FNB 11 mg
Chrome	Carbohydrate kagayidwe	Kusintha kwa shuga wamagazi	Nyama, chiwindi, mazira, tomato, oatmeal, letesi, bowa	30-100 mcg	30-100 mcg	FNB (yopanda data)
Molybdenum	Njira za enzyme catalysis (Biocatalysis), kusuntha kwa elekitoni	Kwambiri kuphwanya kagayidwe kachakudya matenda a sulfure okhala ndi amino acid, kuphwanya ntchito kwamanjenje	Maembe, chimanga	50-100 mcg	50-100 mcg	FNB 2 mg SCF 0,6 mg

- - Avereji ya tsiku lililonse ya akulu: abambo ndi amayi azaka 25 mpaka 51.Gawoli likuwonetsa miyezo yomwe idalangizidwa ndi German Society of Nutritionists (Deutsche Gesselschaft fur Ernahrung - DGE).
** - Gawoli likuwonetsa kuchuluka komwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) a US Institute of Medicine ndi European Union Science Scientite pa Food (SCF).

Nkhani ya zinthu zakuthambo m'thupi la munthu ndi kufunika kwake. Mudziwa kuti, limodzi ndi ma microelements, ndi gawo limodzi la maselo amthupi komanso zomwe zimapanga mchere. Ndikuwonetsa tebulo la zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pazakudya ndikuwuza chifukwa chake amagwiritsa ntchito kuwunika tsitsi. Tiyeni tizipita!

"Nanga bwanji wabweretsa phiri ili lamiyala?!" - Ivan adakwiya, kuyesera pachabe kuti adutse mulu wa miyala yoyala kulowera kuchipinda chogona cha mkazi wake.

"Inu munati:" Mkazi amafunikira mavitamini ndi michere, "Serpent anakumbutsa mwanzeru, poyang'ana zopindika zake. "Madinala, koma mavitamini pamabedi."

Moni abwenzi! "Ma mineral" odziwika bwino omwe amamva siowona kwenikweni pankhani yofufuza zomwe zimafunikira kuti thupi la munthu lizikhala lofunikira komanso kufunika kwake. Kuti mumvetsetse kusiyana kwake, ndikupereka ulendo wachidule mu chilengedwe chosaoneka, cholumikizana kwambiri ndi moyo womwe.

Zinthu zazikulu ndi zotsitsa

Mndandanda wa nthawi ndi nthawi umakhala ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwachilengedwe. Kwa mbewu, nyama ndi anthu, timafunikira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatilola kugwira ntchito moyenera.

Ena mwa othandizira omwe amapanga maselo amthupi amayitanidwa macrocell chifukwa amapanga pafupifupi zana limodzi la peresenti ya thupi lathu lonse. Mpweya wa okosijeni, nayitrogeni, kaboni ndi hydrogen ndiwo maziko a mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya, ma asidi achilengedwe.

Kuwatsata, ocheperako pang'ono, pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kwambiri pakupanga maselo amoyo - chlorine, calcium ndi potaziyamu, magnesium ndi phosphorous, sulfure ndi sodium.

Kuphatikiza pa izo, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapezeka mwa ife mosasamala - zosakwana zana limodzi mwa zana. Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani chidwi chawo chili chofunikira? Kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa thupi kumakhudza machitidwe ambiri a zinthu zamoyo.

Othandizira oterewa amatchedwa - kufufuza zinthu . Chuma chawo wamba ndichoti sizipanga chamoyo. Kuti maselo azikhala bwino, ayenera kupatsidwa chakudya chokwanira.

Osayang'ana miyala yamtengo wapatali m'bokosi

Onse olima munda akudziwa kuti chomera sichimakula popanda feteleza zachilengedwe. Kwa iye, munthu ali ndi “Humat 7”, koma bwanji za iye? Zakudya zapadera zamagetsi.

Makampani opanga zotsatsa ndi zotsatsa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito dzina lolakwika: "vitamini-mineral complex." Mawu akuti "mineral", otengedwa kuchokera ku chilankhulo chakunja, mu Russian amatanthauza thupi lachilengedwe lokhala ndi kristalo wamakristali. Mwachitsanzo, diamondi ndi mchere, ndipo mpweya wake umapezeka.

Sitipeza cholakwika ndi dzinalo, tinene kuti malinga ndi chidziwitso chomwe chatsimikiziridwa pali anthu osachepera khumi ndi atatu, ndipo ndi angati omwe adakali mumiyeso yaying'ono kwambiri kotero kuti ndizosatheka kugwira chida chilichonse - palibe amene adzavomereze.

Mwachitsanzo, gulu la zinthu zomwe aliyense akumva:

Ndi ena ambiri. Popanda selenium, masomphenya abwino ndiosatheka, ndipo popanda chitsulo, maselo ofiira a m'magazi omwe amafunika kusamutsira okosijeni m'maselo athu sangakhalepo. Phosphorous imafunika ndi ma neurocytes athu - maselo aubongo, ndipo kusowa kwa fluoride kumayambitsa mavuto ndi mano. Magnesium ndiyofunikira, ndipo kuperewera kwa ayodini kumayambitsa kukula kwa matenda oopsa. Ndipo onsewa ayenera kupezeka m'zakudya zathu.

Mudapita kuti?

Nchiyani chimatsogolera ku kusowa kwa macro- ndi ma microelements ena ambiri? Popeza nthawi zambiri chakudya chimapangitsa munthu kulowa thupi, kuchepa kapena kuperewera kwamphamvu chifukwa chakuchepa kwake.

Pakati pawo pali otsutsana omwe amasokoneza kukondana kwa wina ndi mnzake (mwachitsanzo, potaziyamu ndi sodium).

Mwambiri, zifukwa zingakhale motere:

kuchuluka kwanyengo yakutsogolo, kukulitsa kufunikira kwa zinthu zina,
madzi amchere osakwanira,
kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwadera komwe amakhala (mwachitsanzo, kuchepa kwa ayodini nthawi yayitali),
kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kufanana kwa mbale,
matenda omwe amayambitsa kuthamanga kwa zinthu zina mthupi (mwachitsanzo, matumbo osavomerezeka),
ndi magazi m'thupi,
, mankhwala, mankhwala ena omwe amasokoneza kuyamwa kwa zinthu zingapo, kapena zomwe zimamangiriza,
matenda obadwa nawo.

Chofunika kwambiri mwa izi ndi mtundu wa chakudya. Ndi chifukwa chakusowa kwa zinthu zomwe timafuna mu chakudya zomwe timakonda kupeza zoperewera. Koma zochulukirapo zimakhala zovulaza. Mwachitsanzo, sodium chloride imakhala ndi sodium ndi chlorine, koma ngati itadyedwa kwambiri, imatha kubweretsa mavuto oopsa komanso impso.

Za chiyani?

Kuti tifotokozere momveka bwino kuti bwanji fumbi losasinthika la zinthu zachilengedwe ndizofunikira kwambiri, ndikupereka zitsanzo zingapo:

misomali imafunikira calcium ndi phosphorous, apo ayi amakhala wonenepa komanso wothina,
bromine imachepetsa kusefukira kwamaselo am'mitsempha ndipo imathandiza kupsinjika, koma kuchepa kwake kungathetse ntchito yogonana,
koma manganese,
mkuwa umathandiza kuyamwa chitsulo, kukhala gawo la michere ina,
Chrome chikufunika mkati,
nthaka ndiye maziko, kusinthanitsa mwachindunji kumatengera,
cobalt imapezeka mu vitamini B12, yomwe imafunikira hematopoiesis.

Sizinthu zonse zomwe zimatsata komanso mavitamini omwe amaphatikizidwa. Mankhwala ambiri amaletsa kuyamwa kwa zinthu zina zopindulitsa. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa musanagule ma "vitamini-mineral" ma pharmacy. Ndikwabwino kuti adotolo awalembere, kutengera zofunikira zake.

Kuti mupeze zofooka tsopano gwiritsani ntchito njira yowunikira tsitsi. Njirayi ndiyopweteka, mumangofunika kupereka nsembe zingwe zing'onozing'ono. Koma zikuwonekeratu ngati mavuto azaumoyo akuphatikizidwadi ndi kusowa kwa kanthu kena mthupi.