Insulin: ntchito za mahomoni, mitundu, zodziwika bwino

Insulin ndi puloteni wopangidwa ndi ma pancreatic β-cell ndipo wopangidwa ndi ma peptide awiri omwe amalumikizidwa pamodzi ndi milatho ya disulfide. Amapereka kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga mu seramu, kutenga gawo mwachindunji mu metabolism ya carbohydrate.

Chotsatira chachikulu cha insulin ndikuchita ndi michere ya cytoplasmic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa kupezeka kwawo kwa glucose.

Zizindikiro za muyezo wa insulin m'magazi a munthu wamkulu wathanzi ali pamtunda kuchokera 3 mpaka 30 μU / ml (pambuyo pa zaka 60 - mpaka 35 μU / ml, mu ana - mpaka 20 μU / ml).

Zinthu zotsatirazi zimabweretsa kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi:

matenda ashuga
minofu dystrophy
matenda opatsirana
acromegaly
hypopituitarism,
kutopa kwamanjenje,
kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi
Zakudya zosayenera zomwe zili ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri m'zakudya,
kunenepa
kusowa kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi
ntchito yayikulu
neoplasms yoyipa.

Ntchito ya insulin

Pancreas ili ndi masamba omwe amakhala ndi β-cell, omwe amatchedwa islets of Langerhans. Maselo amenewa amatulutsa insulini kuzungulira koloko. Mukatha kudya, ndende ya magazi imadzuka, poyankha izi, ntchito zachinsinsi za β-cell zimachulukana.

Chotsatira chachikulu cha insulin ndikuchita ndi michere ya cytoplasmic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa kupezeka kwawo kwa glucose. Popanda mahomoni amenewa, glucose sakanakhoza kulowa m'maselo, ndipo amatha kufa ndi njala.

Kuphatikiza apo, m'thupi la munthu, insulin imagwira ntchito zina zingapo zofunika mofananamo:

kukondoweza kwa kapangidwe ka mafuta acid ndi glycogen m'chiwindi,
kukondoweza kwa mayamwidwe amino acid ndimaselo am'misempha, chifukwa chomwe chikuwonjezera chake pakuphatikizidwa kwa glycogen ndi mapuloteni,
kukondoweza kwa kapangidwe ka glycerol mu lipid minofu,
kuletsa mapangidwe a matupi a ketone,
kuponderezana ndi kusweka kwa lipid,
kuponderezana kwa kuwonongeka kwa glycogen ndi mapuloteni m'matumbo amisempha.

Ku Russia ndi mayiko a CIS, odwala ambiri amakonda kupereka insulin pogwiritsa ntchito ma syringe omwe amapereka dosing yolondola ya mankhwalawa.

Chifukwa chake, insulin imangoyendetsa zakudya, komanso mitundu ina ya kagayidwe.

Matenda a Insulin

Onse osakwanira komanso owonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi amachititsa kukula kwa matenda:

insulinoma - chotupa cha pancreatic chobisa insulini yambiri, chifukwa chomwe wodwalayo amakhala nacho nthawi zambiri (chodziwika ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a pansi pa 5.5 mmol / l),
lembani I matenda a shuga a mellitus (mtundu wotsika ndi insulin) - Kukula kwake kumachitika chifukwa chopanga insulin yopanga ndi ma pancreatic β-cell (kuperewera kwenikweni kwa insulin),
mtundu II matenda a shuga a mellitus (osadalira insulini) - maselo a pancreatic amatulutsa insulin yokwanira, komabe, ma cell receptor amataya chidwi (kusowa kwa wachibale),
insulin mantha - matenda a m'matumbo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha jakisoni imodzi ya kuchuluka kwa insulin (mwa milandu yayikulu, hypoglycemic coma),
Somoji syndrome (insulin overdose syndrome) - zovuta zovuta zomwe zimapezeka mwa odwala omwe amalandira kuchuluka kwa insulin yayitali kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mankhwala a insulin

Therapy inshuwaransi ndi njira yochizira yofuna kuthetseratu matenda a metabolic komanso kutengera jakisoni wa insulin. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mankhwalawa amtundu wa shuga I, komanso nthawi zina ndimayambitsa matenda a shuga II. Osowa kwambiri, mankhwala a insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zamisala, monga njira imodzi yochizira matenda a schizophrenia (mankhwala a hypoglycemic coma).

Pofuna kutsata secretion ya basal, mitundu yayitali ya insulin imayendetsedwa m'mawa ndi madzulo. Chakudya chilichonse chikamatha, pamafunika insulin yochepa.

Zisonyezo za mankhwala a insulin:

lembani matenda ashuga
matenda ashuga oopsa, chifuwa chachikulu, ketoacidosis,
kusalephera kulipiritsa chakudya cha metabolism wa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu II matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, kudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
matenda ashuga
matenda ashuga nephropathy.

Zilonda zimaperekedwa mwanjira. Amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito syringe yapadera ya insulini, syringe kapena pampu ya insulin. Ku Russia ndi mayiko a CIS, odwala ambiri amakonda kupereka insulin pogwiritsa ntchito ma syringes, omwe amapereka mlingo woyenera wa mankhwalawo komanso kayendetsedwe kake kosapweteka.

Osapitirira 5% odwala matenda a shuga omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapampu a insulin. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa pampu ndi zovuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, kayendetsedwe ka insulini kudzera pampu imapereka chithunzithunzi chabwinobwino cha momwe imabisalira chilengedwe, imapereka chiwongolero chabwino cha glycemic, ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zotsatira zoyipa komanso zazitali za matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapampu a metering pochiza matenda a shuga akuchulukirachulukira.

Muzochita zamankhwala, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala a insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mankhwala ophatikizika (achikhalidwe) a insulin

Njira iyi yothandizira odwala matenda ashuga imakhazikika pa kupangika komweko kosakanikirana kwa ma insulin osakhalitsa komanso osakhalitsa, omwe amachepetsa jakisoni tsiku lililonse.

Ubwino wa njirayi:

palibe chifukwa chowunikira pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi,
mankhwalawa angathe kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi glucose mu mkodzo (glucosuric mbiri).

Mukatha kudya, ndende ya magazi imadzuka, poyankha izi, ntchito zachinsinsi za β-cell zimachulukana.

kufunika kotsatira kwambiri zochitika tsiku ndi tsiku, zolimbitsa thupi,
kufunika kokutsatira mosamalitsa zakudya zotchulidwa ndi adokotala, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala
kufunika kudya osachepera 5 pa tsiku komanso nthawi imodzi.

Chithandizo cha mankhwala a insulin nthawi zonse chimakhala limodzi ndi hyperinsulinemia, ndiko kuti, insulin yambiri m'magazi. Izi zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta monga atherosulinosis, ochepa matenda oopsa, hypokalemia.

Kwenikweni, mankhwala a insulini yachikhalidwe amadziwika kuti alandire magulu awa:

okalamba
akudwala matenda amisala
osachepera maphunziro
kufunikira chisamaliro chakunja
satha kutsatira malangizo a tsiku ndi tsiku, zakudya, nthawi ya insulin.

Anakulitsa Insulin Therapy

Chithandizo cha insulin chowonjezereka chimatsata kupulumuka kwa thupi kwa insulin m'thupi la wodwalayo.

Pofuna kutsata secretion ya basal, mitundu yayitali ya insulin imayendetsedwa m'mawa ndi madzulo. Pambuyo pa chakudya chilichonse chomwe chimakhala ndi chakudya, mumaperekedwa insulin yocheperako (kutsanzirana ndi katemera wa pambuyo pake). Mlingo ukusintha mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi chakudya chomwe mumadya.

Ubwino wa njira iyi ya insulin mankhwala ndi:

kutsanzira mawonekedwe achilengedwe chobisalira,
moyo wabwino kwa odwala
kutha kutsatira machitidwe komanso zakudya zabwino kwambiri tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Zoyipa zake ndi monga:

kufunika kwa odwala kuti aphunzire momwe angawerengere XE (magulu a buledi) ndi momwe mungasankhire mlingo woyenera,
kufunika kodziwunikira osachepera 5-7 patsiku,
kuchuluka chizolowezi cha hypoglycemic zinthu (makamaka m'miyezi yoyambirira).

Mitundu ya insulin

mtundu umodzi (monovid) - ayimire kachilombo ka kakhothi amtundu umodzi wa nyama,
kuphatikiza - imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyama ziwiri kapena zingapo.

Zizindikiro za muyezo wa insulin m'magazi a munthu wamkulu wathanzi ali pamtunda kuchokera 3 mpaka 30 μU / ml (pambuyo pa zaka 60 - mpaka 35 μU / ml, mu ana - mpaka 20 μU / ml).

Ndi mitundu:

munthu
nkhumba
ng'ombe
whale.

Kutengera mtundu wa kuyeretsedwa, insulin ndi:

zachikhalidwe - ili ndi zodetsa komanso mahomoni ena apachifinya,
monopic - chifukwa cha kusefedwa kowonjezera pa gel, zomwe zimakhala zosakhudzidwa ndizochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zachikhalidwe,
monocomponent - yodziwika ndi chiyero chambiri (mulibe zosaposa 1%).

Pofika nthawi yayitali komanso yokwanira kuchitapo kanthu, insulin yochepa komanso yayitali (yapakatikati, yayitali komanso yayitali) imabisidwa.

Kukonzekera kwa insulin

Zochizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, mitundu iyi ya insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Insulin yosavuta. Imayimiridwa ndi mankhwalawa: Actrapid MC (nkhumba, monocomponent), Actrapid MP (nkhumba, monopik), Actrapid HM (wopangidwira chibadwa), Insuman Rapid HM ndi Humulin Regular (genetically engineering). Imayamba kugwira mphindi 15 mpaka 40 pambuyo pa utsogoleri. Kukula kwakukulu kumawonedwa pambuyo pa maola 1.5-3 kuyambira nthawi ya jakisoni, kutalika konse kwa kuchitapo ndi maola 6-8.
NPH kapena yaitali akuchita insulin. M'mbuyomu ku USSR, amatchedwa protamine-zinc-insulins (PCI). Poyamba, adayikidwa kamodzi patsiku kuti azitsata secretion ya basal, ndipo ma insulin omwe amagwira ntchito mwachidule anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulipirira kukwera kwa shuga wamagazi pambuyo pa chakudya cham'mawa komanso chakudya chamadzulo. Komabe, phindu la njira iyi yokonzanso matenda a carbohydrate metabolism silinali lokwanira, ndipo pano opanga akukonzekera zosakanikirana zopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito NPH-insulin, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa jakisoni wa insulin kawiri patsiku. Pambuyo subcutaneous makonzedwe, NPH-insulin akuyamba 2-5 maola, kufika pazipita 6-10 maola ndipo kumatenga maola 16-18. Insulin yamtunduwu imaperekedwa pamsika ndi mankhwala otsatirawa: Insuman Basal, Humulin NPH, Protaphane HM, Protaphane MC, MP wa Protaphane.
Zosakanikira zopangidwa ndiokhazikika (zokhazikika) za NPH ndi insulin yochepa. Amawathandizira kawiri pa tsiku. Osayenera kwa odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Ku Russia, pali mtundu umodzi wokhazikika wokhazikika wa Humulin M3, wokhala ndi 30% yochepa ya insulin Humulin Regular ndi 70% Humulin NPH. Chiwerengerochi sichimawonjezera mkwiyo wa hyper- kapena hypoglycemia.
Wopatsa nthawi yayitali. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga omwe amafunikira insulin yayitali chifukwa cha kukana (kukana) kwa minofu yake. Izi ndi monga: Ultratard HM, Humulin U, Ultralente. Kuchita kwa insulini yopambanitsa kumayambira pambuyo pa maola 6-8 kuyambira nthawi yomwe akuyang'aniridwa. Kutalika kwake kumafika pambuyo pa maola 16- 20, ndipo nthawi yonse yochitapo ndi maola 24-36.
Short Insulin Analogs (Humalog) Yachidulezopezedwa ndi genetic engineering. Amayamba kuchita pakadutsa mphindi 10 mpaka 20 atatha kulowererapo. Peak imafika patatha mphindi 30-90, kuchuluka kwa nthawi ndi maola 3-5.
Analogs a insulin yopanda kanthu ya anthu (yayitali). Zotsatira zawo zochizira zimakhazikika pakuletsa kaphatikizidwe ka maselo a pancreatic alpha a glucagon, wotsutsana ndi insulin. Kutalika kwa kuchitapo kanthu ndi maora 24, palibe kuchuluka kwakukulu. Oimira gulu ili la mankhwalawa - Lantus, Levemir.

Zochita za insulin

Mwanjira inayake, insulini imakhudza mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi, koma, choyambirira, chimagwira nawo kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Zotsatira zake zimachitika chifukwa chowonjezeka pa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa glucose kudzera mumitsempha yama cell (chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ma processor a intracellular omwe amawongolera kuchuluka ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ma protein a membrane omwe amapulumutsa shuga). Zotsatira zake, ma insulin receptors amakondoweza, ndipo ma intracellular ma cell amapangidwanso omwe amachititsa kuti glucose ayambe kugwira maselo.

Adipose ndi minofu minofu amadalira insulin. Zakudya zamafuta ochulukirapo zikafika, timadzi timene timapangidwa ndipo timayambitsa shuga m'magazi. Minyewa ya m'magazi ikatsika pang'onopang'ono pamankhwala olimbitsa thupi, kupanga kwa mahomoni kumachepa.

Mitundu ya zochita za insulin pa thupi:

kagayidwe: kuchuluka mayamwidwe glucose ndi zinthu zina ndi maselo, kutsegula zofunika michere ya glucose oxidation njira (glycolysis), kuchuluka glycogen synthesis mwamphamvu (inapititsa patsogolo glycogen kuphatikizidwa ndi glucose polymerization mu chiwindi ndi minyewa maselo), utachepa gluconeogeneis kukula kudzera synthesis wa glucose zosiyanasiyana
anabolic: imathandizira mayamwidwe amino acid ndi maselo (omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala a leine ndi leucine), amathandizira kuyendetsa potaziyamu, magnesium ndi phosphate ion m'maselo, kumawonjezera kubwereza kwa deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ndi mapuloteni a biosynthesis, amafulumizitsa kaphatikizidwe ka mafuta ochulukirapo omwe amatsatiridwa ndi esterization wawo (m'chiwindi ndi adipose minofu insulin imalimbikitsa kutembenuka kwa glucose kukhala triglycerides, ndipo ndi kuchepa kwake, kukhathamiritsa kwamafuta kumachitika),
anti-catabolic: kuletsa kwa mapuloteni hydrolysis ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwawo, kuchepa kwa lipolysis, komwe kumachepetsa kudya kwamafuta m'magazi.

Jakisoni wa insulin

Mulingo wanthawi zonse wa insulin m'magazi a munthu wamkulu ndi 3-30 mcU / ml (mpaka 240 pmol / l). Kwa ana ochepera zaka 12, chizindikiro ichi sichiyenera kupitirira 10 mcED / ml (69 pmol / l).

Mwa anthu athanzi, kuchuluka kwa timadzi timene timasinthasintha masana ndikufika pachimake titatha kudya. Cholinga cha mankhwala a insulin sikuti kungokhala ndi kuchuluka motere tsiku lonse, komanso kutsagana ndi nsonga za nthawi yake, yomwe timadzi timene timayendetsedwa ndi chakudya musanadye. Mlingo amasankhidwa ndi dokotala payekhapayekha kwa wodwala aliyense, poganizira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kubisala kwapadera kwa mahomoni mwa munthu wathanzi ndi pafupifupi 1 IU pa ola limodzi, ndikofunikira kupondereza ntchito ya maselo a alpha omwe amapanga glucagon, omwe ndiye mdani wamkulu wa insulin. Mukamadya, kubisala kumawonjezera ku 1-2 PESCES pa 10 g ya chakudya chotengedwa (kuchuluka kwake kumadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa thupi ndi nthawi ya tsiku). Dontho limakupatsani mwayi wokhazikitsa chida chofunikira kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kupanga kwa insulini poyankha kuchuluka kwake.

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, kupangika kwa mahomoni kumachepetsedwa kapena kulibe. Pankhaniyi, kubwezeretsa insulin chithandizo ndikofunikira.

Chifukwa cha kutsekemera kwa pakamwa, timadzi timene timawonongeka m'matumbo, motero, timayendetsedwa ndi makolo, mwa jakisoni wothandizirana. Kuphatikiza apo kusinthasintha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku m'magazi a shuga, kumachepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a shuga.

Mukalandira insulin yokwanira, hyperglycemia ikhoza kukhala, ngati timadzi tambiri tambiri, hypoglycemia ndiyotheka. Pankhaniyi, jakisoni wa mankhwalawa amayenera kuthandizidwa moyenera.

Zolakwika zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya mankhwala, zomwe ziyenera kupewa:

kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
kuphwanya malamulo osungira ndi kunyamula mankhwala,
kugwiritsa ntchito mowa kumalo opangira jakisoni (mowa umawononga ma hormone),
kugwiritsa ntchito singano yowonongeka kapena syringe,
kuchotsera syringe mwachangu kwambiri pambuyo pa jekeseni (chifukwa cha chiopsezo chotaya gawo la mankhwalawo).

Chithandizo cha Insulin Chachikulu komanso Chakulimbitsidwa

Chithandizo chachilendo kapena cha insulin chodziwika bwino chimadziwika ndikulowetsa mankhwala osakanikirana kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kwapakatikati / nthawi yayitali jakisoni imodzi. Imagwiranso ntchito pa matenda a shuga. Ubwino waukulu ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa jakisoni mpaka 1-3 patsiku, komabe, ndizosatheka kukwaniritsa chindapusa chonse cha metabolism ya carbohydrate ndi njirayi.

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga:

Ubwino: kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mosavuta, kusowa kwa kufunika kwa kayendedwe ka glycemic pafupipafupi, kuthekera kwa chithandizo motsogozedwa ndi mbiri ya glucosuric,
zovuta: kufunafuna kutsatira kwambiri zakudya, zochitika tsiku ndi tsiku, kugona, kupumula ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuvomerezedwa komanso kudya pafupipafupi, kumangiriridwa kumayambiriro a mankhwalawa, kulephera kusunga kuchuluka kwa shuga pamlingo wamasinthidwe amthupi, chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha hypokalemia, matenda oopsa a mtima komanso matenda a atherosulinosis Khalidwe la njira iyi yamankhwala.

Kuphatikiza mankhwala kumawonetsedwa kwa okalamba odwala pakavuta zovuta ndi kutengeka kwa zofunikira za chithandizo cholimba, ndimatenda amisala, maphunziro ochepa, kufunikira kwa chisamaliro chakunja, komanso odwala osaphunzira.

Kuchita insulin therapy (IIT) yolimbikitsidwa, wodwalayo amapatsidwa mlingo wokwanira wogwiritsa ntchito shuga kulowa m'thupi, chifukwa chaichi amadzazidwa amayamba kuyerekeza secretion, ndi mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito kwakanthawi omwe amapereka kuchuluka kwa mahomoni atatha kudya. Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa mankhwalawa umakhala wofupikitsa komanso wosakhalitsa.

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, kupangika kwa mahomoni kumachepetsedwa kapena kulibe. Pankhaniyi, kubwezeretsa insulin chithandizo ndikofunikira.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga:

Ubwino: kutsata kuteteza kwachilengedwe kwa mahomoni (oyambira), moyo womasuka komanso zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku kwa odwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito "chakudya chaulere" ndi nthawi zosiyanasiyana za chakudya komanso chakudya, kuwongolera moyo wa odwala, kuwongolera zovuta za metabolic, kutsimikiza kupewa ,
zoyipa: kufunika kodziwunikira mwatsatanetsatane wa glycemia (mpaka 7 patsiku), kufunikira kochita maphunziro apadera, kusintha kwa moyo, ndalama zowonjezera pakuphunzira ndi zida zowunikira, kuwonjezeka kwa chizolowezi cha hypoglycemia (makamaka koyambirira kwa IIT).

Mikhalidwe yoyenera yogwiritsira ntchito IIT: mulingo wokwanira wa nzeru za wodwala, luso la kuphunzira, kuthekera kugwiritsa ntchito luso lomwe mwapeza, luso lopeza njira yodziletsa.

Hypoglycemic hormone ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito?

Insulin m'thupi la munthu ndiyo imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mukuchita izi, amathandizidwanso ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwira, monga adrenaline ndi norepinephrine, glucagon, cortisol, corticosterol ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi kumachulukanso munthu akangodya zophatikiza ndi chakudya. Poyankha pazakudya zotere, zikondamoyo zimayamba kupanga kuchuluka kwa insulini, komwe kumayambira njira yogwiritsira ntchito shuga, ndikuwapatsira magazi mthupi lonse.

Tisaiwale kuti kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi ndikamakhala kwachilendo, kupanga kwa insulin, ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito koyenera ka kapamba, kumayima. Ngati pali vuto pantchito yokhazikika, thupi, ndipo mutatha kupanga kuchuluka kwa shuga, silileka kupanga mahomoni awa.

Tikufufuza

Insulin m'thupi la munthu ndiyo imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mukuchita izi, amathandizidwanso ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwira, monga adrenaline ndi norepinephrine, glucagon, cortisol, corticosterol ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro.

Mitundu ya mahomoni

Mphamvu ya insulin thupi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chimaperekedwa ndi adokotala pambuyo phunziroli. Kodi ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda ashuga womwe udakhudza wodwala, ndi machitidwe ake ati, chifuwa ndi kusalolera kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Chifukwa chiyani tikufunika insulin ya matenda a shuga, ndizodziwikiratu - kutsitsa shuga.

Mitundu ya mahomoni a insulin omwe amapatsidwa shuga:

Kuchita zinthu mwachangu. Zochita zake zimayambira mphindi 5 jekeseni, koma mofulumira.
Mwachidule. Kodi timadzi timeneti ndi chiyani? Amayamba kuchita pambuyo pake - atatha theka la ola. Koma zimathandiza kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kutalika kwapakati. Zimadziwika ndi zomwe zimapangitsa wodwalayo kwakanthawi pafupifupi theka la tsiku. Nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa limodzi ndi yofulumira, kuti wodwalayo amve kupumula nthawi yomweyo.
Kuchita kwakutali. Hormone iyi imagwira masana. Imaperekedwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mahomoni ofulumira kuchitapo kanthu.
Zosakanizidwa. Zimapezeka ndikusakanikirana kwa mahomoni kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu komanso pakati. Zopangidwira anthu omwe zimawavuta kusakaniza mahomoni awiri azomwe amachita mosiyanasiyana.

Momwe insulin imagwirira ntchito, tapenda. Munthu aliyense amakhudzidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi jakisoni wake. Zimatengera dongosolo lazakudya, maphunziro olimbitsa thupi, zaka, jenda, komanso matenda oyanjana. Chifukwa chake, wodwala wodwala matenda a shuga ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosalekeza.

Kupanga insulin - ndi chiyani?

Tekinoloji yamakono yamapulogalamu imapangitsa kuti zitheke kupeza timadzi tosiyanasiyana tomwe timazigwiritsa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana a shuga.

Masiku ano, pali mitundu ingapo ya insulini yomwe imapangidwa yomwe imalola anthu odwala matenda ashuga kuthana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana.

Mitundu yamahomoni ena opanga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira jakisoni wamkati ndi:

Zomwe zimadziwika ndi ultrashort ndi mankhwala omwe amawonetsa ntchito zake patangotha mphindi zisanu mutakhazikitsa. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zochizira zimawonedwa pafupifupi ola limodzi jekeseni. Nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu ya jakisoni imatenga nthawi yochepa.
Insulin yofupikitsa imayamba kugwira ntchito pafupifupi theka la ola pambuyo pake pakhungu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti insulini iyenera kumwa pafupifupi mphindi khumi ndi zisanu asanadye. Poterepa, zitheka kukwaniritsa chithandizo chokwanira kwambiri. Monga lamulo, mahomoni onse ochita kupanga mwachidule amapangidwira kuti asamawoneke ma hyperglycemia, omwe nthawi zambiri amawonedwa pambuyo chakudya.
Hormone ya nthawi yapakatikati imagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi insulin yochepa. Nthawi yawo, monga lamulo, imatenga maola 12 kapena 12. Kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, ndikokwanira kuchita jakisoni awiri kapena atatu a mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse. The achire zotsatira pambuyo jekeseni wayamba kuwonekera pambuyo maola awiri kapena atatu, ndipo pazipita mumagazi zimawonedwa pambuyo pafupifupi maola sikisi ndi asanu ndi atatu.
Insulin yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi insulin yochepa. Iyenera kuperekedwa kamodzi patsiku, nthawi zambiri m'mawa. Cholinga chachikulu cha insulin yokhazikika ndikukhalabe ndi matenda a glycemia usiku. Kugwira bwino kwa jakisoni wovulalayo kumayamba kuonekera patatha pafupifupi maola asanu ndi limodzi, ndipo zotsatira zake zokha zimatha kukhala maola makumi awiri ndi anayi mpaka atatu ndi atatu.

Palinso gulu lapadera la mankhwala, omwe ndi mitundu iwiri ya mahomoni - amafupikitsa komanso osakhalitsa (ayenera kusakanizidwa musanapereke mankhwalawo). Monga lamulo, osakaniza a insulini amatengedwa musanadye kawiri pa tsiku.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mankhwala onse amakono a insulin amapangidwa pamaziko a mahomoni amunthu.

Mfundo za insulin zochita zikufotokozedwa mu kanema m'nkhaniyi.

Kupanga insulin - ndi chiyani?

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino

Insulini ndi mahomoni omwe ali ndi vuto la hypoglycemic.

Kuperewera kwake kapena kuchuluka kwake kudzadziwonetsa mwa mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amitundu.

Kuyesa kozindikira kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwamahomoni m'thupi kungayang'anitsidwe ndi katswiri wazachipatala kapena kukhala chifukwa chogwirizana ndi zomwe wodwalayo akufuna kuchita pakudziletsa.

Zizindikiro zofunikira za kuchuluka kwa mahomoni zimakhazikitsidwa ndi ma postulate azachipatala pazotsatira zotsatirazi:

muubwana, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumakhala kotsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi akulu, ndipo kuyambira magawo atatu mpaka makumi awiri pa sentimita iliyonse
mwa amuna ndi akazi, malire omwe amakhazikika mpaka pamtunda wapamwamba kwa mayunitsi makumi awiri ndi asanu
momwe ma mahomoni azimayi oyembekezera amakhala ndi zosinthika zazikulu, motero, panthawiyi, kuyambira magawo sikisi mpaka makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu asanu ndi limodzi amadziwika kuti ndi insulin.

Kuzindikira, komwe kumachitika kuti mupeze insulin (zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa) ndi kuchuluka kwake m'thupi, zimaphatikizapo kusakanikirana kwa magazi a venous.

Potere, njira zokonzekera zimakhala malamulo oyenera:

Zitsanzo za zinthu zoyeserera zimachitika m'mawa ndipo nthawi zonse pamimba yopanda kanthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu sayenera kudya chakudya ndi zakumwa zingapo (kupatula madzi wamba) osachepera maola eyiti mpaka khumi njira isanachitike.
Kuphatikiza apo, mndandanda wazoletsedwa umaphatikizanso kutsuka mano anu ndi mano omwe amakhala ndi shuga, kutsuka mkamwa ndi zinthu zapadera zaukhondo, komanso kusuta.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kumwa mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala kungasokoneze chithunzi chenicheni. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupatula kulowa kwawo mthupi la munthu asanachitike sampuli ya magazi (pokhapokha ngati mankhwalawo ndi ofunikira kwa munthu), ndiye kuti adotolo amasankha zoyenera kuchita pakadali pano.
Madzulo a njira yodziwikitsa, sikulimbikitsidwa kusewera masewera kapena kudziwonetsa kwambiri thupi molimbitsa thupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngati kuli kotheka, musakhale ndi nkhawa komanso nkhawa zina.

Nthawi yomweyo musanagwiritse ntchito njirayi, muyenera kukhazika mtima pansi ndikupuma pang'ono (mphindi khumi mpaka khumi ndi zisanu).

Insulini ndi mahomoni omwe ali ndi vuto la hypoglycemic.

Zotsatira za zovuta za kupanga insulin

Pakachitika vuto la chiwalo chilichonse, thupi lonse lidzakhala loipa. Ponena za kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa kapamba, amatha kutha kuyambitsa matenda ambiri owopsa, omwe atha kukhala ovuta kupirira ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zamankhwala.

Mukanyalanyaza malangizo omwe adotolo athetse pakuchotsa matendawa, ndiye kuti kudwala kwamatenda kumakhala kovuta. Chifukwa chake, zikuwonekeratu kuti simuyenera kuchedwetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira - ndibwino kuti mukachezere katswiri yemwe angakuthandizenso poika chithandizo choyenera, poganizira zovuta izi.