Sekondale yokhala ndi shuga

Mitundu Yachiwiri ya Matenda A shuga (kapena matenda ashuga) Ndi gulu lovuta kwambiri la matenda, lomwe limaphatikizapo matenda osokoneza bongo, omwe amapezeka motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda ena othandizira, omwe sangaphatikizidwe ndi matenda osokoneza bongo. Kwa matenda ambiri ochokera pagululi (cystic fibrosis ya kapamba, matenda a Itsenko-Cushing), akupha poizoni ndi mankhwala ena kapena ziphe, kuphatikiza herbicides ngati Vacor, zinthu zakufa zimawululidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, gululi la matendawa limaphatikizanso ma syndromes ena amtundu wa chibadwa (cholowa), kuphatikizapo insulin receptor abniciities. M'mitundu yachiwiri ya matenda a shuga, kulibe mayanjano ndi ma antijeni a HLA, deta yakuwonongeka kwa autoimmune, ndi ma antibodies kuti timangokhala tomwe timapapo.

Zofooka zamtundu wa beta cell function

Malinga ndi gulu la shuga mellitus (WHO, 1999) komanso gulu la shuga mellitus (American Diabetes Association, 2004), mitundu ina ya shuga yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi zochitika zina ndi syndromes imasiyanitsidwa:

A. Zofooka zamtundu wa beta cell function:

B. Kulephera kwamtundu wa insulin:

C. Matenda a pancreas exocrine:

E. Matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala:

F. Matenda a viral ndi parasitic, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa zisumbu za Langer kapamba, komanso nthawi zina (m'malo mwa echinococcosis), komanso omwe amachititsa zovuta za encephalitis (hypothalamic diencephalic syndrome, matenda a shuga a m'matumbo komanso zotupa: 1. Vinthu. Hypoxic kuwonongeka b

1. Congenital rubella
2. Cytomegalovirus,
3. Tumpu kachilomboka, komwe nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda kapamba.

Kachilombo ka Kossaki. Udindo wa fuluwenza A, Einstein-Barr, hepatitis B ndi C ma virus amafotokozedwa 2. Matenda a parasitic. Pokhudzana ndi momwe zinthu zimayendera limodzi ndi kuphwanya kwa galimoto ndi michere ya gallbladder, chiwindi ndi kapamba, komanso zolakwika zazakudya zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi iwo.

1. Opisthorchiasis.
2. Clonorchiasis.
3. Paragonimus.
4. Echinococcosis.
5. Giardiasis
6. Candiosis - chifukwa cha hyperglycemia, michere ya mucous nembanemba wam'kamwa, ndi candidiasis pamapazi chifukwa cha angiopathy, ndi mnzake wa matenda ashuga

Mwina kuphatikiza kwa matenda a shuga komanso matenda opatsirana a pathogenetic omwe adayambitsa, kukulitsa njira yolakwika ndi ziwopsezo za purulent-septic ndi gangreose-necrotic. G. Mitundu yachilendo ya matenda osokoneza bongo a immunogenic:

H. Ma gennd syndromes ena omwe nthawi zina amaphatikizidwa ndi matenda a shuga:

Beta cell genetic edit edit |Matenda oyamba a shuga

Ichi ndi matenda a polyetiological.

1. Insulin - wodwala matenda a shuga - kuperewera kwathunthu kwa insulin - mtundu 1.

2. Insulin ndi shuga yodziimira payekha. Zimachitika ndi kuperewera kwa insulin. M'magazi a odwala oterewa, insulin ndi yachilendo kapena yokwezeka. Amatha kukhala onenepa komanso onenepa.

Insulin - wodwala matenda a shuga - ndimatenda a autoimmune. Maziko a kakulidwe kake ndi:

1. Wokhulupirika mu 6 - 1 chromosome yoyanjana ndi NLA - D system₃, D₄. Kulemala uku ndikubadwa.

2. Ma virus a mumps, chikuku, Coxsackie, zinthu zopsinjika kwambiri, mankhwala ena. Ma virus ambiri amafanana ndi maselo a beta. Kuteteza thupi kwathunthu kumalimbana ndi ma virus. Zikakhala kuti zili ndi vuto, kumalizidwa kumalowa ndi ma lymphocyte. B lymphocyte amatulutsa ma cytotoxic antibodies. maselo a beta amafa, ndipo vuto la kupanga insulini limayamba - matenda a shuga.

Insell-Independent shuga mellitus ali ndi vuto lakubadwa, koma amawoneka osachita chifukwa cha zinthu zakunja.

1. Chovuta m'maselo a beta okha komanso zotumphukira. Katemera wa insulini amatha kukhala woyambira komanso woyambitsa (wokhala ndi shuga m'magazi a 6.5 mmol / l).

2. Kuzindikira kwa zotumphukira zimakhala kuti insulini ithe.

3. Kusintha kapangidwe ka insulin.

Matenda a shuga a insulin omwe amadzimirawa amakhudzidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Poterepa, maselo amafunikira insulini yambiri, ndipo ma cell ake mu ma cell siokwanira.

Magulu anayi a ophwanya lamulo:

1. Kuphwanya kwa metabolism kumaphwanya kagayidwe kazachilengedwe - hyperglycemia, proteinabolism, catabolism yamafuta.

2. Polyneuropathy, zotumphukira komanso zosasunthika.

4. Macroangiopathy (atherosulinosis).

Ntchito za insulin ndizogwiritsa ntchito amino acid ndi glucose kuchokera ku chakudya cha anthu.

Tetraanabolic timadzi timachepetsa magazi. Amakumana ndi:

1. Glucagon. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pakhale chobisika chake ndi kuchepa kwa shuga wamagazi. Machitidwe chifukwa cha glycogenolysis. Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi kumathandizira kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni, shuga amapangidwa kuchokera ku amino acid.

2. Cortisone - imalimbikitsa proteinabolabolism ndi gluconeogeneis.

3. Kukula kwa mahomoni - kumalimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni, kupulumutsa shuga mu synthesis wa RNA.

4. Adrenaline - imathandizira kutsika kwa glycogen, imalepheretsa kubisika kwa insulin.

Magazi a shuga m'magazi ndi ochepera 6.1 mmol / L. Malire olimbitsa nthawi masana ndi 8.9 mmol / l.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa glucagon, glucose m'maselo amasungidwa pang'ono, motero, kuchuluka kumachepa.

Wodwalayo amadandaula: ludzu, polyuria (yokhala ndi matenda ashuga 1), kuchepa thupi, kudya kwambiri.

Polyuria imalumikizidwa ndikuti pakuwonjezeka kwa glucose kuchuluka kwa 9 - 10 mmol / l, shuga amawonekera mkodzo. Osmotic diuresis - mkodzo wambiri wokhala ndi mphamvu inayake yayikulu.

M ludzu: kufupika kwa magazi kumawonjezeka, pakati pa ludzu kumalimbikitsidwa. Kuchepetsa thupi: Zinthu zina za Contrinsular zimakhala ndi lipolytic zotsatira -> kuwonda. Kulakalaka kwambiri: popeza minofu sigwiritsa ntchito moyenera glucose, pakati panjala imalimbikitsidwa.

Ndi matenda 2 a shuga, kunenepa kwambiri kumayamba. popeza insulini yakwanira lipogenesis, komabe, mu 5% ya odwala nkovuta kudziwa mtundu wa shuga omwe ali nawo.

Zolemba za matendawa

Matenda a shuga amadzimadzi amawonekera pomwe vuto la kapamba limachitika. Kuphwanya ntchito za chiwalo kumabweretsa kuti insulin (mahomoni) siyipangidwe, ndipo shuga amawonongeka ndikuchotsedwa m'thupi.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umatchulanso "wodalira insulin." Mkhalidwe womwe umatsimikizira si kusowa kwa insulin, koma kupanga kolakwika kapena kovuta.

Tcherani khutu! Matenda a shuga amapezeka pamaso pa matenda ena. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyeserera kwakanthawi ndikuyamba njira yothandizira.

Poyerekeza ndi mtundu woyamba, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin sangathe kuyeza mahomoni m'thupi. Ntchito yayikulu ya odwala ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikuchotsa zochuluka zake pazinthu komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Pankhani imeneyi, odwala oterowo nthawi zambiri amapereka mankhwala othandizira kuthana ndi shuga. Nthawi yomweyo, mankhwala a mahomoni nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Choyipa

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda ashuga achiwonetsero ndi chibadwa chamunthu. Chifukwa chake, kuubwana, anthu ena amatha kudziwa komwe kumayambira matendawa.

Ngati m'modzi mwa achikulire ali ndi shuga wambiri, ndiye kuti mwina ana awo nawonso atha kukhala ndi vuto lofananalo.

Kulemera kwambiri

Zolakwika mu kugwira ntchito kwa chakudya cham'mimba zimayambitsa cholesterol yambiri komanso mafuta m'thupi. Wosanjikiza mafuta akukula pang'onopang'ono, akulepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo, makamaka, kapamba.

Zosintha zimachitika mthupi, ndipo sizingagwire ntchito yomwe yapatsidwa. Nthawi zambiri, insulin ndi kulemera kwambiri zimagwirizana mwachindunji.

Tcherani khutu! Poletsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira malamulo ena. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zokhala ndi matendawa ndikutsatira zakudya zochizira.

Kulephera pamimba

Ntchito yolakwika yam'mimba ndi matumbo ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Masiku ano, padziko lonse lapansi anthu nthawi zambiri amadya chakudya, chomwe chili ndi zovulaza komanso ma GMO. Kudya zakudya zoterezi kumayambitsa vuto la m'mimba m'mimba komanso kusintha kwa mahomoni ena.

Matenda olakwika a mahomoni ndi zizindikiro zowoneka bwino zamatenda osiyanasiyana, omwe amachititsa matenda ashuga. Matenda otere amayenera kuthandizidwa ndikukula kwamatenda ophatikizira matenda kuyenera kuthandizidwa.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin 2 afotokozapo zizindikiro monga:

1. mphwayi
2. kutopa
3. ludzu
4. kamwa yowuma
5. kukodza pafupipafupi.

Zizindikiro monga ludzu, kuwawa, ndi kamwa yowuma zimawonekera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, chifukwa chomwe impso zimayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu. Ndipo kuti muchotse zinthu zochulukirapo m'thupi, mumafunikira madzi ambiri.

Kusakhudzidwa ndi khungu - zizindikirozi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ziwalo zomwe zimayamba mofulumira. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo amadzimva wopanda mphamvu ndipo amapumula mosalekeza.

Kumwa zamadzi zambiri chifukwa chotsatira kukokoloka pafupipafupi - Zizindikiro zachiwiri za matenda ashuga.

Kupewa komanso chithandizo

Matenda a shuga a Zizindikiro, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yamatenda awa, amatha kuthandizidwa. Lamulo lalikulu la chithandizo chamankhwala ndi kusankha kwamankhwala ndikusunga malangizo onse azachipatala.

Pali njira zingapo zochizira matenda zomwe zimatengera zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa:

• Kulephera kwa impso kumathandizidwa ndi gulu lapadera la mankhwala pomwe adokotala akupereka mankhwala othandizira chitetezo cha mthupi,
• kuphwanya zam'mimba thirakiti - okhwima zakudya
• kunenepa - wodwalayo amatsatiranso zakudya zapadera ndipo amadya zakudya zomwe zimathandizira kukonza kagayidwe kachakudya.

Ngati matendawa sangathe, ndiye kuti matendawa akhoza kupewedwa. Chifukwa chake, wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kusintha kwambiri moyo wake, kudzimva wachimwemwe komanso wamphamvu.

Zotheka

Zoyambitsa zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza mapangidwe a matenda a shuga ndi monga:

• Chinthu chobadwa nacho chomwe gawo lalikulu pakapangidwe ka matendawa limaperekedwa kwa mtundu wakuthupi.
• Kulephera m'matumbo am'mimba kumayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopanda pake kumakhudza kusintha kwa magenezi m'thupi lathu.
• Kulephera kwamkati ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zakukula kwamagazi chifukwa cha zinthu zowonjezera zomwe thupi silingathe kulimbana nazo.
• Matenda a Hormonal ndi chizindikiro cha matenda osiyanasiyana, omwe amaphatikizanso matenda a shuga a 2.
• Matenda onenepa kwambiri komanso a sekondale nthawi zambiri amayenda limodzi, chifukwa kusokonezeka kwa chakudya m'mimba kumayambitsa cholesterol yambiri komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta omwe amasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a ziwalo.
• Mankhwala samagwirizanitsidwa nthawi zonse, chifukwa chomwe chingakhale ndi shuga m'magazi.

Chithandizo ndi kupewa

Chofunikira chachikulu cha shuga yachiwiri ndikuti nthawi zambiri imachiritsidwa. Ndipo ngati zovuta zina zikubwera, ndiye kuti munthu ali ndi mwayi weniweni wochepetsera zovuta zake, kenako kusintha moyo.

Kupewa koyambirira kungakhale kutsatira kwambiri zakudya zomwe sizimaphatikizira kumwa mafuta ndi shuga ambiri. Pachizindikiro choyamba cha matenda ashuga achiwiri, muyenera kumuonana ndi dokotala ndikupatseni mayeso ofunikira. Ngati matenda atapezeka, mankhwalawa amayankhidwa malinga ndi chifukwa chomwe amayambitsa.

Chithandizo chamankhwala a sekondale omwe wodwala angafotokozere:

• Ndi kulephera kwa aimpso, mankhwala apadera amatha kuperekedwa kuti athandize thupi kuthana ndi ntchito yake ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chokwanira.
• Mukunenepa kwambiri, zakudya zomwe munthu amadya zimasankhidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira omwe amawongolera kapena kupewa kudya.
• Ngati ntchito ya m'mimba imalepheretsa, dokotala atha kukulemberani zakudya zowonjezera ndi zakudya zina mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala kapena osafunikira.

Matenda owonjezera a shuga amakhalanso ndi moyo wopanda tanthauzo, chifukwa mukamatsatira mfundo zoyambirira za zakudya zabwino, sizingamveke pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi chibadwa chamtunduwu. Chifukwa chake, kuti tichotse mawonekedwe ake, nthawi zambiri ndikokwanira kumangomvera malangizo a dokotala ndikutsatira zomwe apatsidwa.

Ngakhale muzochitika zomwe matenda ashuga amawonetsa kupezeka kwa matenda ena owopsa, si chiganizo, ndipo kuthandizira kwake kumathandizira zimadalira momwe matendawo apezekera.