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Mpaka koyambirira kwa 1900s matenda ashuga anali chilango cha imfa. Panthawiyo, madotolo samadziwa momwe angachiritsire matendawa, amangoganiza kuti kudya zakudya zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi. Matendawa sanali odziwika bwino; iwo adati munthuyu ali ndi matenda ashuga chifukwa cha shuga wambiri mumkodzo wawo. Palibe amene amadziwa momwe angathandizire odwala komanso momwe angathandizire wodwala. Iwo omwe adapatsidwa izi adadziwa kuti masiku awo amoyo adawerengeredwa.

Mbiri ya nthawi komanso matulukidwe ake.

Mawu oti shuga adawonekera koyamba ku Egypt. Pafupifupi 250 BC Dokotala Apollonius, yemwe amakhala ku Memphis, adapeza kuti odwala ena amakhala ndi shuga wambiri m'matupi awo. Mawu akuti "shuga" amatanthauza "kulowa mkati," gawo la shuga kudutsa thupi. Adanenanso kuti mkodzo wa odwala umakhala ndi fungo labwino.

Madokotala achi Greek adapitiliza ntchito ya Apollonius ndi pafupifupi 200 BC adati pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga. Mtundu umodzi, odwala anali ochepa thupi, amatchedwa mtundu woyamba, ena anali onenepa kwambiri, ndipo adapatsidwa mtundu wachiwiri. Nthawi zambiri, panali ana a mtundu woyamba, ndipo achikulire okhala ndi mtundu wachiwiri. Pali zinthu zina zomwe palibe amene akanatha kuzimvetsa. Mwa achikulire ena, zizindikiro za mtundu 1 zidadziwika, ndipo mwa ana ena, makamaka iwo onenepa kwambiri, alemba mtundu 2.

Mu zaka za 5 AD ku India, dokotala wodziwika bwino wa Sushrut adawona kuti mkodzo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi chinthu chomata ndipo amakopa nyerere.

Lawani mayeso.

Ofufuzawo adati mkodzo m'magayidwe amwazi amanunkhira bwino. Mu 1675, Dr. Thomas Wills adatsimikiziranso kuti mkodzo ndiwotsekemera, ndikuwonjezera lingaliro la "shuga wokoma."

Kodi madotolo akale adatsimikizira bwanji kuti mkodzo unali wokoma? Kodi alipo amene adalawa?

Nthano imanena kuti wodwala wodwala matenda a shuga adabweretsa chikho cha mkodzo kwa adotolo, omwe amawatsanulira pa anthill. Ngati nyerere zasonkhana pafupi ndi malowa, ndiye kuti mumtsempha muli shuga wambiri.

Matenda a shuga: gawo la kapamba ndi chiwindi.

Mbiriyakale ya matenda ashuga ku Middle Ages.
Poyamba, madotolo ambiri amaganiza kuti mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, impso zinali zodwala. Komabe, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, dokotala wina adazindikira kuti matenda ashuga amakula mwa anthu pambuyo povulala kwapancreatic. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, dotolo wina wa ku England adazindikira matenda a shuga mu mkodzo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga.

Pofika zaka za m'ma 1900, kupezeka kwa shuga mkodzo ndiko kuyesa komaliza kwa matenda a shuga. Chithandizo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga kwa nthawi yayitali chinali calorie yotsika, mapuloteni ambiri, zakudya zama carb ochepa, ndi digitis ndi opium amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukakamiza chilakolako cha kudya.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga adalangizidwa kuti azidya pang'ono, chifukwa chake madokotala amafuna kuti achepetse shuga. Odwala ambiri anayesa kudya pang'ono ndipo pamapeto pake anamwalira ndi matenda osowa m'thupi komanso chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

Cha m'ma 1800, dokotala waku France, dzina lake Claude Bernard, adaphunzira momwe chiwindi chikuwongolera glycogen. Ntchito yake idapangitsa chidwi cha Emperor Napoleon III, yemwe adapanga labotale yosangalatsa kwa asayansiyo ndipo adamupanganso senator.

Mu 1889, asayansi awiri aku Australia anali adawonetsa udindo wa kapamba wa shuga. Adayeseza kudziwika kuti achotsa kapamba mu galu, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti akhale ndi matenda ashuga kwambiri komanso kufa kwa nyamayo.

Kupezeka kwa insulin.

Podzafika mu 1910, potengera zomwe a Minsky ndi Mering adapeza, wofufuza wa ku England dzina lake Edward Sharpi-Schafer adazindikira kuti kapamba amapanga chinthu chomwe chimaphwanya shuga. Adatcha chinthucho "insulin" kuchokera ku liwu Lachilatini "insula", lomwe limamasulira kuti "chilumba". Pancreas imakhala ndi zisumbu zopanga insulin zotchedwa islets of Langerhans.

Pazaka pafupifupi khumi, ofufuza anapitiliza kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane mankhwala "insulin". Analandira insulin kuchokera ku makoswe, omwe amayesera kugwiritsa ntchito nyama zina. Kenako iwonso, monga aku Austrian, adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito agalu pama mayeso awo.

Mu 1921, aku Canada atatu, Frederick Bunting, wophunzira wake Charles Best ndi J.J. Macleod adagwiritsa ntchito insulin kuchiza agalu odwala matenda ashuga. Shuga m'magazi a agalu adatsika kwambiri, koma mayesedwe otere sanachitike mwa anthu. Mu Disembala 1921 adalumikizana ndi katswiri wa biochemist a J. B. Collip, yemwe adawonetsa momwe insulin ingagwiritsidwire ntchito mwa anthu.

Insulin ndi zokumana nazo zoyambirira kuzigwiritsa ntchito mwa anthu.

Mu january 1922, madokotala anayesera koyamba kugwiritsa ntchito insulin mwa anthu, anali mwana wazaka 14, Leonardo Thompson, yemwe anali kumwalira ndi matenda ashuga kuchipatala cha University of Toronto, mwina anali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Gulu lofufuzira lidalowetsa mnyamatayo ndi insulin, shuga idachepa ndipo Leonardo adapulumutsidwa.

Frederick Bunting, a Charles Best, a J.J. Macleod adalandira Mphotho Nobel mu Mankhwala mu 1923. pa ntchito yodabwitsa. Mu 1923 anali asing'anga otchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Kupanga ndi kutulutsa insulin.

Madokotala aku Canada adagulitsa ma Patent awo ku University of Toronto ndi $ 3. Sanafune kulemera chifukwa cha zomwe apeza.
Eli Lilly adakumana ndi Bunting komanso Best kuti akambirane za kupanga insulin padziko lonse lapansi. A Lilly amadziwa kuti bizinesi ya insulin ingakhale yopindulitsa kwambiri. Ofufuza pa kampani yopanga mankhwala atayamba ntchito yopanga insulin yayikulu.

Matenda a shuga ndi odwala akuyembekeza kulandira chithandizo.

Titha kungolingalira chisangalalo cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi pamene anali atazindikira kuti matenda ashuwalawo salinso chilango cha imfa.

Dr. Harold Hissworth adatsimikizira zomwe zinafotokozedwapo ndi asayansi ena kuti pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga. Matenda a shuga adagawika m'mitundu 1 ndi 2. Hissworth yapanga chithandizo chosiyana ndi mtundu uliwonse. Zinanditengera kanthawi kuti apange gawo lotchuka ili. Odwala anayembekeza mwachimwemwe, podziwa kuti insulini ikhoza kuchirikiza shuga ndi kutalikitsa moyo wawo.

Zinthu zina zingapo zofunika kwambiri.

Mu 1922, ofufuza adapanga Metformin.
Mu 1940, Novo Nordisk anayamba insulin
Mu 1949, Dickinson adakhazikitsa ma syringe ena apadera.

Mpaka pano, adapanga mapensulo a insulini, ochita insulin yayitali komanso yochepa, owunikira mosalekeza m'magulu a shuga, mapampu otsekedwa ndi insulin ndi zina zambiri. Zowonadi, zothokoza zambiri kwa apainiya pakupanga mbiri ya matenda ashuga!

Chiyembekezo chamtsogolo.

Ndani amadziwa china chomwe chingapangidwe kuti azichiritsa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kafukufuku wa cell atha kuthandizira kuchiza matenda ashuga. Kuwerenga mbiri ya matenda ashuga kumatipatsa mwayi woti tiyang'anenso m'mbuyo ndikuti Tithokoze kwa opanga omwe adagwira ntchito mderali. Adathandizira anthu kupitiliza kukhala ndi moyo mosangalala osati kutaya mtima chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa matendawa.

Mbiri ya matenda ashuga - vutoli lidatseguka bwanji?

Matenda a shuga, mwatsoka, matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri ndipo adakhalapo kale. Mbiri ya matenda ashuga a mellitus amayamba kuyambira pafupifupi zaka 3,000 zapitazo. Munthawi yakutali ija, anthu amatha kuzindikira, kuzindikira matendawo, koma zinali zosatheka kuchiziritsa, kapena kutero. Pachifukwa ichi, onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga mwachidziwikire amayenera kufa msanga, ndipo chiyembekezo cha moyo wa odwala chotere chinali chokwanira zaka zisanu.

Mbiri ya matenda ashuga sitingayitchule kuti yosavuta. Kwa zaka zambiri, asayansi amakono akhala akufunafuna zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, komanso njira zomwe zitha kuphatikizidwira. Makamaka, Galen adakhulupirira kuti matenda ashuga ndi zotsatira za vuto lomwe limakhudza impso, ndipo Paracelsus adaumirira kuti uwu ndi matenda a chamoyo chonse chifukwa amamuwuza shuga wambiri.

Zolemba zakale zaku Japan, Chinese ndi Chiarabu zimanena kuti kalekale ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ashuga

otchedwa mkodzo wokoma adaganiziridwa.

M'malo mwake, "shuga" ndi liwu lachi Greek lomwe limatanthawuza "kutha", ndiye kuti, titha kunena kuti mawu oti "shuga" amatanthauzira kuti "kutaya shuga". Kutanthauzira kumeneku kukuwonetsa chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa - kutayika kwa shuga, komwe kumayikidwa mkodzo.

Mbiriyakale ya matenda ashuga ili mdzina. Kutanthauzira kwa matenda a shuga kunayambitsidwa ndi Areteus waku Cappadocia, mchiritsi waku Greece yemwe amakhala mu 200 BC. Adalemba kuti matenda ashuga ndizovuta zodabwitsa. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti, ngakhale kuti nthawi yayitali yapita, mawu awa adakali othandizika masiku athu ano, chifukwa chomwe chikuwonekera cha matenda athunthu komanso zovuta zina makamaka sizikwaniritsidwa.

Areteus adazindikira kuti mwa anthu omwe akudwala matendawa, kukodza kumachitika pafupipafupi, pomwe madziwo amachotsedwa m'thupi osasinthika. Pachifukwa ichi, adotolo adatcha matenda ashuga, omwe poyambirira amatanthauza "kudutsa." Pambuyo pake, adotolo adawonjezera mawu oti mellitus - "shuga, wokondedwa." Areteus adanenanso kuti odwala amakhala ndi ludzu pafupipafupi: amamva pakamwa pouma, ngakhale amamwa mosalekeza.

Pambuyo pake, mu 1776, dotson waku Britain wotchuka adachita kafukufuku, zomwe zidachitika

zikutsimikiziridwa kuti mkodzo wa odwala umakhala ndi shuga motero amakhala ndi kutsekemera. Zitachitika izi, matendawa adayamba kudziwika kuti matenda a shuga. Apa ndipomwe mbiri yamakono ya matenda ashuga imayambira.

Pambuyo pake, chizindikiro ichi chinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthekera kuzindikira matenda. Mu 1889, panthawi yophunzira kapamba pansi pa makina oonera zinthu zing'onozing'ono, masango ena anapezeka, ndipo anapatsidwa dzina loti "Langerhans Islands" polemekeza wofufuza amene wawazindikira. Nthawi yomweyo, tanthauzo la "zisumbu" izi ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito pazinthu zomwe sizinafotokozedwe.

Nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamaumbidwe a Mering ndi Minkowski anadzetsa mkwiyo wa kupezeka kwa shuga mu nyama pochotsa kapamba. Mu 1921, Bunting ndi Best adalandira ma insulin a m'mimba, omwe adachotsa zisonyezo zonse za matendawa poyesa nyama. Ndipo patangotha chaka chimodzi, insulin yoyamba idagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pochiza munthu wodwala matenda a shuga.

Mu 1960, kusintha kwatsopano kunachitika: mbiri yachipatala ya matenda osokoneza bongo idasinthanso. Asayansi akhazikitsa mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amapangira insulin ya munthu, ndipo mu 1976, insulin yaumunthu idapangidwa kuchokera ku hormone iyi, imangopezeka kuchokera ku nkhumba. Kuphatikizika komaliza kwa mahomoni kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera komanso kuthekera kwa majini.

Patatha zaka ziwiri insulin itapezeka, m'modzi mwa madotolo achi Portuguese adazindikira kuti matenda a shuga si matenda ambiri monga moyo wapadera. Ndipo pachifukwa ichi, sukulu yotsegulidwa idawatsegulira, pomwe odwala adalongosoleredwa momwe angapiririre matendawa, momwe angakhalire nawo, osataya moyo wabwino.

ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI: Dokotala adakopa chidwi cha odwala ake onse kuti matenda ashuga samafupikitsa moyo konse, koma amangopangitsa wodwalayo kutsatira malamulo oyenera.

Ngati mungazizolowere ndipo sizikumukhudzani, mutha kukhala moyo wonse kwa zaka zambiri. Mwanjira ina, mbiriyakale ya matenda a shuga imakhala yowonjezeredwa komanso kusinthidwa.

Apa ndipomwe mbiri ya matenda ashuga imatha. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, insulini yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kuchiritsa ndi kuwongolera matendawa. Insulin ili ndi izi:

Amalamulira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi
Zimathandizira pakukonzanso kwa glycogen kwa shuga owonjezera mthupi
Matenda amasintha momwe wodwalayo alili
Zimalepheretsa kukula kwa matendawa komanso kuwoneka kwa zovuta
Amakulolani kuti mukhale ndi moyo wonse

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka ngati thupi lilibe insulin yokwanira. Pankhaniyi, shuga amathandizidwa ndi mkodzo. Kwa odwala omwe amadalira insulin, timadzi timene timayendetsedwa ndi jekeseni wa subcutaneous. Mkati, insulini ndi yosatheka kutenga chifukwa chakuti imawonongeka chifukwa cha zakudya zam'mimba.

Anthu onse omwe akukumana ndi vuto la matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala chete osachita mantha. Mbiri ya matendawa matenda a shuga amawonetsa kuti palibe chomwe chimapha (malinga ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa ndi madokotala) matendawo.

Anthu ambiri amadwala matendawa, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi moyo wambiri, amakhala ndi moyo wabwino, amasangalala ndi tsiku lililonse latsopano.

Ndi malingaliro awa ku matendawa, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa zambiri - pafupifupi zolinga zonse zomwe munthu amadziikira. Ndipo matenda ashuga sichinthu cholepheretsa ngati chikuwongoleredwa ndikuchiritsidwa. Zowonadi, m'nthawi yathu ino, matendawa salinso chiweluzo.

Chofunikira kwambiri ndikutsata mwamtheradi malingaliro onse a adokotala, imwani mankhwalawo munthawi yake, khalani ndi moyo wathanzi ndikudya moyenera. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndi shuga, kudya zakudya ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zambiri, ndipo choyambirira zonsezi ndi zipatso zina zomwe zimathandizira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Khalani athanzi!

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zothandizira odwala matenda ashuga - timasankha mndandanda wokwanira wazolimbitsa thupi

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga mellitus (DM) ayenera kukhala okwanira, kuphatikizapo: gulu la mankhwala.

Massage a shuga - miyendo ndi mikono

Masiku ano, mwatsoka, anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti matenda ashuga ndi chiyani. Matenda awa ali ndi.

Kodi matenda a shuga angachiritsidwe - munthu angachiritse bwanji matenda?

Kuyambira kale kwambiri, matenda a shuga amawoneka ngati matenda osachiritsika, omwe, ndi kampeni yoyenera, amatha.

Mbiri ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga imakhudzana ndi mbiri ya anthu. Mwambi wa matenda ashuga ndi umodzi wakale kwambiri! Zinali zotheka kuthetsa izi chifukwa cha sayansi yamakono, kuphatikiza maumisiri opanga ma genetic ndi chidziwitso cha ma cell ndi ma cell maselo.

Asayansi ndi madokotala akale, a Middle Ages ndi apano athandiza pa kafukufukuyu. Za matenda ashuga amadziwika kalekale ku BC ku Greece, Egypt, Rome.

Pofotokoza Zizindikiro za matendawa, mawu monga "kufooketsa" ndi "zopweteka" amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kodi pakupita patsogolo kwa matendawa kwapita patsogolo motani ndipo madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira yanji masiku ano pochiza matenda?

Mbiri ya kamvedwe asayansi ka shuga imalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa malingaliro otsatirawa:

madzi osakwanira. Akatswiri achi Greek azaka zamakedzana amafotokoza za kuchepa kwa madzi ndi ludzu losatha,
shuga kulephera. M'zaka za zana la chisanu ndi chiwiri, asayansi adawonetsa kusiyana pakati pa mkodzo wotsekemera komanso wopanda pake. Mawu akuti "shuga" adayamba kuwonjezeredwa ku mawuwo, omwe kuchokera ku Chilatini amatanthauza "wokoma ngati uchi." Insipid amatchedwa matenda ashuga, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zovuta za mahomoni kapena matenda a impso.
okwera magazi. Asayansi atadziwa momwe angadziwire shuga m'magazi ndi mkodzo, adazindikira kuti poyamba magazi a hyperglycemia sangawonekere mkodzo. Kafotokozedwe kazomwe zimayambitsa matendawa kunathandizanso kuwunikanso lingaliro la glucose kuterera, kunapezeka kuti kapangidwe ka glucose komwe kamasokoneza impso sikasokonekera,
kusowa kwa insulini. Asayansi ayesa kuyesa kuti atachotsa kapamba, matendawa amapezeka. Adanenanso kuti kusowa kwa mankhwala osakanikirana kapena "zisumbu za Langerhans" kumapangitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga.

Pakadali pano, akatswiri amagawa matenda ashuga m'magulu awiri:

Mtundu 1 - wodalira insulin.
Mtundu 2 - osadalira insulin.

Tiyeni tiwone momwe madokotala adapita patsogolo pophunzira za matenda a shuga

Ngakhale mu "pre-insulin era" anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, pafupifupi, adapulumuka zaka makumi anayi. Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yolola kutalikitsa moyo wa odwala mpaka zaka 60-65. Kupezeka kwa insulini ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri zomwe zapezedwa padziko lapansi komanso kusintha kochokera pansi pamtima.

Dokotala waku Canada Frederick Bunting komanso wophunzira zachipatala Charles Best adalandira insulin mu 1921.

Dokotala wakale waku Roma dzina lake Areataus m'zaka za zana lachiwiri BC adafotokoza kale za matendawa. Anamupatsa dzina, lomwe m'Chigiriki limatanthawuza "kudutsa." Dotolo amayang'anitsitsa odwala, omwe anaganiza kuti madzi omwe amamwa kwambiri amangozungulira thupi lonse. Ngakhale amwenye akale adawona kuti mkodzo wa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakopa nyerere.

Madokotala ambiri samayesa kungodziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawo, komanso kupeza njira zothanirana ndi matendawa. Ngakhale panali chidwi choterechi, sikunathe kuchiritsa matendawa, omwe amachititsa kuti odwala azunzidwe komanso kuvutika. Madokotala anayesera kuchitira odwala mankhwala azitsamba komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Anthu ambiri omwe anamwalira, monga momwe amadziwira masiku ano, ali ndi nthenda ya autoimmune.

Lingaliro la "matenda a shuga" limapezeka kokha m'zaka za zana la chisanu ndi chiwiri, pomwe dokotala Thomas Willis adazindikira kuti mkodzo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga umakoma kwambiri. Mfundo imeneyi kwakhala chofunikira pofufuza matenda. Pambuyo pake, madokotala adapeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Koma chimayambitsa kusinthaku mkodzo ndi magazi ndi chiyani? Kwa zaka zambiri, yankho la funsoli silidadziwikebe.

Thandizo lalikulu pakuphunzira za matenda a shuga linapangidwa ndi asayansi aku Russia. Mu 1900, Leonid Vasilievich Sobolev adachita kafukufuku wazowunikira komanso woyesa wa kupanga insulini. Tsoka ilo, Sobolev adakanidwa kuthandizira zakuthupi.

Wasayansiyo adamuyesa mu labotale ya Pavlov. M'kati mwa zoyesazo, Sobolev adazindikira kuti zisumbu za Langerhans zimatengapo kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Wasayansiyo adalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kapamba wa nyama zazing'ono kuti apange mankhwala omwe amatha kuchiza matenda ashuga.

Popita nthawi, endocrinology inabadwa ndikupanga - sayansi ya ntchito ya gland ya endocrine. Ndipamene madokotala adayamba kumvetsetsa bwino kamangidwe ka matenda ashuga. Katswiri wazanyama Claude Bernard ndiye woyambitsa endocrinology.

M'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, katswiri wazamakhalidwe wa ku Germany Paul Langerhans adayang'anitsitsa zikondwererozi, ndikupeza kwapadera. Wasayansi uja adalankhula za ma cell a gland, omwe amachititsa kuti insulini ipange. Apa ndipamene ubale wolunjika unakhazikitsidwa pakati pa kapamba ndi matenda ashuga.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, dokotala waku Canada Frederick Bunting komanso wophunzira zachipatala Charles Best, yemwe adamuthandiza, adalandira insulin kuchokera ku minofu ya pancreatic. Anayeseza galu wodwala matenda ashuga, momwe ma kapamba ankawonekera.

Iwo adalowetsa insulin yake ndikuwona zotsatira - kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kunatsika kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, insulin idayamba kubisidwa kuchokera ku zikondamoyo za nyama zina, monga nkhumba. Wasayansi waku Canada adalimbikitsidwa kuyesa kupanga njira yochizira matenda ashuga mwangozi - awiri mwa abwenzi ake apamtima adamwalira ndi matendawa. Chifukwa cha kusinthaku, Macleod ndi Bunting mu 1923 adalandira Mphotho Nobel mu physiology kapena mankhwala.

Ngakhale bunting asanafike, asayansi ambiri adamvetsetsa mphamvu ya kapamba pamakina a shuga, ndipo adayesa kudzipatula pa chinthu chomwe chingakhudze shuga m'magazi, koma kuyesa konse konse kudatha. Tsopano asayansi akumvetsa chifukwa chomwe alephera. Vutoli linali loti asayansi analibe nthawi yopatula zomwe angafunike, chifukwa ma enzymes opanga ma pancreatic amapanga insulin m'maselo a protein.

Mothandizidwa ndi kulowererapo kwa opaleshoni, Frederick Bunting adaganiza zoyambitsa kusintha kwa kapamba ndi kuteteza maselo omwe amapanga insulin kuchokera ku zotsatira za michere yake, ndipo atatha kuyesayesa kudzipatula pa tinthu timene timatulutsa.

Kuyesera kwake kudachita bwino. Miyezi isanu ndi itatu yokha yoyesera nyama, asayansi adatha kupulumutsa munthu woyamba. Patatha zaka ziwiri, insulin idamasulidwa pamsika wamafakitale.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti chitukuko cha asayansi sichinathe pomwepo, adatha kudzipatula za insulini kuchokera ku zikondamoyo zazing'ono zazing'ono, momwe insulin idapangidwira kuchuluka kokwanira, koma michere yam'mimba idapangidwira. Zotsatira zake, adakwanitsa kuchirikiza moyo wa galu wodwala matenda ashuga masiku 70.

Jakisoni woyamba wa insulin adaperekedwa kwa Leonard Thompson wazaka 14, yemwe amangomwalira ndi matenda ashuga. Kuyesera koyamba sikunakhale kopambana konse, popeza kuti kuchotsedwako sikunatsukidwe bwino chifukwa cha kuyipa kwa mnyamatayo.

Asayansi anapitiliza kuyesetsa kukonza mankhwalawa, pambuyo pake mnyamatayo adalandilanso jekeseni wachiwiri, yemwe adamuukitsa. Nkhani yokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino insulin kwakhala nyimbo zakunja konse. Asayansi anaukitsa kwenikweni odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga.

Gawo lotsatira pakupanga asayansi inali kupanga zamankhwala zomwe zingakhale ndi katundu womwewo ndipo zitha kukhala ndi maselo ofanana ndi insulin yaumunthu. Izi zidatheka chifukwa cha biosynthesis, asayansi ayambitsa insulini ya anthu.

Kupanga koyamba kwa insulin koyambirira kwa zaka za 1960 kunachitika nthawi yomweyo ndi Panagiotis Katsoyanis ku University of Pittsburgh ndi Helmut Zahn ku RFTI Aachen.

Insulin yoyamba yopangidwa ndi chibadwa cha anthu idapezedwa mu 1978 ndi Arthur Riggs ndi Keiichi Takura ku Beckman Research Institute ndikutenga gawo kwa Herbert Boyer kuchokera ku Genentech pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa DNA (rDNA), adapangitsanso kukonzekera koyamba kwa insulin - Beckman Research Institute mu 1980 ndi Genentech mu 1982 (pansi pa dzina la Humulin).

Kukula kwa insulin analogues ndi gawo lotsatira la matenda a shuga. Izi zidapangitsa kusintha kwakukulu pamiyoyo ya odwala komanso kunapereka mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wonse. Mavuto a insulin amatha kukwaniritsa malamulo ofanana a carbohydrate metabolism, omwe amakhala mwa munthu wathanzi.

Ma insulin analogi poyerekeza ndi ma insulin ochiritsira amakhala okwera mtengo kwambiri chifukwa chake si aliyense angakwanitse. Komabe, kutchuka kwawo kukuchulukirachulukira, ndipo pali zifukwa zitatu izi:

Ndikosavuta kuthana ndi matendawa komanso kukhazikika pamatenda a wodwalayo,
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kupanikizika kwamphamvu m'magazi am'magazi, komwe kumawopseza kukula kwa chikomokere,
kuphweka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta.

Asayansi adachita kafukufuku wochepa, pomwe nthawi idawululidwa kuti amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyesera atsopano kuti abwezeretse mphamvu ya thupi yopanga insulin, ndipo izi zimachepetsa kufunika kwa jakisoni.

Asayansi anayesa mankhwalawa kwa odwala makumi asanu ndi atatu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Anapatsidwa kukonzekera kwa anti-CD3 komwe kumasokoneza chitukuko cha autoimmune reaction. Pa kuyesa uku, zotsatirazi zidapezeka: kufunika kwa jakisoni wa insulin kutsika ndi 12 peresenti, pomwe kutulutsa kwa insulin kumawonjezeka.

Komabe, chitetezo cha njira zina zamankhwala sichili pamwamba kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mavuto kuchokera ku hematopoietic system. Odwala omwe adamwa mankhwalawa panthawi ya mayesero azachipatala adakumana ndi vuto longa chimfine, kupweteka kwa mutu ndi kutentha thupi. Pali maphunziro awiri odziyimira pawokha a mankhwalawa.

Ndikofunikanso kudziwa maphunziro omwe akuchitika ku America. Kuyesa kwachitika kale pa nyama zokhala ndi matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba. Mankhwala atsopanowa nthawi zambiri amathetsa kufunika kowunikira pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi jakisoni wa insulin. Zimatenga mlingo umodzi wokha, womwe umazungulira m'magazi, ndipo ngati pakufunika kuchitika, kuchitika kwake kumachitika.

Mankhwala ena aposachedwa a matenda a shuga a 2 amapangidwira kuti awonjezere chidwi cha thupi kwa insulin. Komabe, asayansi aku America ananena njira ina yosiyana polimbana ndi matendawa. Chofunikira chake ndikuchepetsa kupanga shuga m'chiwindi.

Popanga kuyesera nyama, zidapezeka kuti chifukwa cha kuletsa mapuloteni ena m'chiwindi, kupanga shuga kumachepa ndipo mulingo wake m'magazi umachepa.

Ndipo asayansi aku New Zealand amakhulupirira kuti anakwanitsa kuthana ndi vuto la matenda ashuga a mtundu wa 2. Njira yawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi ndi keratin Tingafinye.

Asayansi adayesa mayeso azachipatala mwa anthu, pomwe m'modzi mwa wodwalayo adazindikira kuwongolera kugona komanso kusokonezeka, pomwe winayo anali ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'magazi. Mu makumi makumi asanu peresenti ya milandu, misempha ya shuga idabwezeretseka. Ndili m'mawa kwambiri kunena za zomwe wapeza, popeza phunziroli likupitirirabe.

Chifukwa chake, matekinoloje opanga ma genetic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matendawa ndi zozizwitsa kwambiri. Komabe, kufunika kwa matenda ashuga sikumataya tanthauzo lake. Chaka chilichonse anthu ochulukirachulukira amakhalanso ndi vuto la matenda oopsawa.

Kukhala ndi moyo wabwino, kuphatikizapo kudya mokwanira komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kumathandiza kupewa matenda. Musakhale nokha ndi vuto lanu, kulumikizana ndi katswiri. Dokotala adzatsegula mbiri yanu ya zamankhwala, akupatseni malangizo othandizira ndikupereka chithandizo choyenera.

Asayansi saleka kuyesa kupanga mankhwala omwe atha kuthetseratu matendawa. Koma mpaka izi zitheke, kumbukirani kuti kuzindikira koyambirira matendawa ndi njira yothandiza kuti muchiritse. Osakokera ndi dokotala, kukayezetsa, ndikukhala wathanzi!

Handbook of the Endocrinologist, Zdorov'ya - M., 2011. - 272 c.
Kalinchenko S. Yu., Tishova Yu. A., Tyuzikov I.A., Vorslov L.O. Kunenepa kwambiri ndi metabolic syndrome mwa amuna. State of Art, Njira Zothandiza - M., 2014. - 128 p.
Nataliya, Aleksandrovna Lyubavina Katemera wa matenda otupa a m'mapapo komanso mtundu 2 shuga / Natalya Aleksandrovna Lyubavina, Galina Nikolaevna Varvarina und Viktor Vladimirovich Novikov. - M: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2012 .-- 132 c.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwa zaka zoposa 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka pamalowo kuti athetse zovuta osati ntchito. Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusaitiyi, kufunsana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.

Momwe shuga imathandizira ku Israeli

Mankhwala ku Israeli ali ndi zida zambiri zomwe zimapereka chithandizo chokwanira cha matenda a shuga 1, 2, 3. Wodwalayo amapatsidwa mapulogalamu owongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, insulini, zakudya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi), komanso chithandizo chokwanira cha zovuta za matenda ashuga. Pochiza matendawa, akatswiri aku Israel amagwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zamakono za sayansi ndi zamankhwala, kuphatikiza tsinde la cell, lomwe limawonetsa zotsatira zabwino.

Zipatala zotsogola zakunja

South Korea, Seoul

Mwachidule

Glucose ndiye michere yofunika kwambiri yofunikira maselo a thupi. Kuti amwe glucose, amafunika insulini, yomwe imalumikizana ndi insulin receptor pa cell, ndipo ngati imatsegulanso kuti glucose alowemo. Insulin ikakhala yokwanira, maselo ena sangalandire michere iyi, ndichifukwa chake kuchuluka kwake m'magazi kumachuluka. Kuperewera kwa insulini kumabweretsa chitukuko cha matenda a shuga 1. Nthawi zambiri zimawonekera mwa achinyamata.

Komabe, matenda ashuga a mtundu wachiwiri amadziwika kwambiri. Matendawa amakula chifukwa chakuti maselo amthupi amataya chidwi chawo ndi insulin. Ndiye kuti, timadzi timene timapangidwa m'makulidwe amtundu wamba, koma samangiriza kwa ma receptor, omwe, makamaka, amatsogolera kukula kwa shuga m'magazi.

Type 1 shuga mellitus imachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma cell a pancreatic omwe amapanga insulin. Ponena za matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri, zinthu zambiri zimatenga nawo gawo pachitukuko chake, zomwe zotsatirazi ziyenera kudziwika:

onenepa ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri,
chibadwire
kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi - moyo wokhalitsa,
Zakudya zopanda mafuta, makamaka zakudya zamafuta ambiri ndi maswiti ambiri,
matenda ena, monga matenda oopsa,
zinthu zina.

Zowopsa kwambiri pakukula kwa matenda a shuga ndi monga kunenepa kwambiri (makamaka visceral) komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Nthawi zambiri moyo wathanzi, wophatikiza zakudya zoyenera komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi okwanira, amathandiza kuchepetsa kwambiri shuga.

Kodi matenda ashuga ali bwanji?

Pamene kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kukwera, thupi limayesetsa kuchita chilichonse kuti lichotse. Njira yokhayo ndikuchotsa shuga ndi mkodzo. Komabe, glucose samalowa mkodzo mu mawonekedwe ake oyera, koma molumikizana ndi mamolekyulu amadzi. Chifukwa chake, thupi limataya kwambiri madzimadzi, omwe amakhala ndi pakamwa youma, ludzu, komanso kukodza pafupipafupi. Izi ndi zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za matenda ashuga zomwe muyenera kulabadira.

Zina zomwe zikuwonetsa matendawa zimaphatikizaponso kuyabwa pakhungu, kufooka kwathunthu, kutopa, komanso kuchiritsa mabala pang'ono. Mu shuga mellitus wa mtundu wachiwiri, kunenepa kwambiri kumadziwika kwambiri, koma kuchepa thupi kwambiri kumathanso.

Matenda a shuga siowopsa monga zovuta zake. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchepa kwamawonedwe owoneka, zilonda zam'miyendo (matenda a shuga), kuwonongeka kwa impso, mtima dongosolo, kukanika kwa erectile, kusokonezeka kwa khutu komanso kuchepa kwa mitsempha. Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amapita kwa dokotala kale panthawi yoyamba izi zovuta.

Kodi matenda ashuga amapezeka bwanji ku Israeli?

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga ndikosavuta. Kuzindikira wodwala, maphunziro otsatirawa amachitidwa:

kuyezetsa magazi (kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga),
kuyeserera kwa glucose (kumawonetsa mtundu wamatendawa),
urinalysis (kuchuluka kwa shuga),
maphunziro ena (labotale komanso othandizira) kuti azindikire zovuta ndi matenda ophatikizika omwe angayambitse matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri.

Akatswiri otsogola azachipatala kunja

Pulofesa Ofer Merimsky

Pulofesa Ulf Landmesser

Pulofesa Sung Hung Noh

Dr. Alice Dong

Kusintha kwamoyo

Mitundu yoyambirira ya matendawa, pomwe zovuta sizinawonekere, imatha kudzudzulidwa ndi kusintha kwa moyo. Mwa izi, wodwalayo akulimbikitsidwa kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:

Zakudya. Kugwiritsa ntchito shuga wosavuta, kuphatikiza uchi ndi zipatso (makamaka zotsekemera monga mphesa, vwende) siziyenera kuphatikizidwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa kwambiri nyama zamafuta. Mwa chakudya, okhawo omwe ali ndi index yotsika ya glycemic ndi omwe amafunika kuphatikizidwa - buckwheat, oats, mpunga wosasamba, mkate wa chinangwa, ndi ma nyemba.Chakudyacho chikuyenera kukhala ndi masamba okwanira kuchuluka kwamafuta.
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungathandize kukulitsa chidwi cha maselo amthupi kuti apange insulin. Maulendo ataliatali ndiye njira yabwino yothanirana ndi shuga ambiri. Monga momwe zikusinthira, kuchepa thupi komanso kusinthasintha kwa thanzi lathunthu kumalimbikitsidwa kuti kuwonjezera kwamakalasi.
Mavitamini, Maminolo, ndi Amino Acids. Kusintha kagayidwe, wodwalayo akulimbikitsidwa kuti atenge mavitamini a B, mavitamini B, ascorbic, lipoic, folic acid, zinc, manganese, chromium, potaziyamu, selenium ndi vanadium. Mwa amino acid, carnitine ndi taurine amalimbikitsidwa.

Mankhwala

Pochizira matenda amishuga amtundu wa 2, mankhwalawa othandizira odwala shuga amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe ali ndi njira ina yochitira, yomwe ndi:

othandizira omwe amachepetsa kuyamwa kwa chakudya cham'mimba. Zotsatira zake, minofu yaying'ono imatuluka m'magazi,
mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kupanga insulin,
othandizira okhudzana ndi kayendedwe kazinthu zamagetsi kamene kamayendetsa glucose amatenga maselo a thupi,
mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuyamwa kwa shuga m'matumbo.

Mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga amachitika pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'ono, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala otetezeka kuumoyo wa anthu.

Kwa odwala matenda a shuga mellitus a mtundu woyamba (kapena chifukwa chosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuti achepetse shuga mu shuga ya mtundu wachiwiri) ndi mankhwala mankhwala a insulin. Masiku ano ku chipatala cha ku Israeli, amachitika ndi mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala a insulin, omwe amasankhidwa malingana ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa komanso mtundu wa matenda ashuga.

Kuchita zinthu mwachangu insulin - imayendetsedwa musanadye kapena nthawi ya chakudya. Insulin yamtunduwu imakhala kwa maola 4.
Insulin yomwe imagwira ntchito mwachidule - imayendetsedwa mphindi 15-30 musanadye chakudya, ndipo imagwira ntchito kwa maola 7-8.
Kuchita insulin nthawi yayitali - kutumikiridwa kamodzi patsiku.
Insulin ya pakati komanso yayitali - yogwiritsidwa ntchito 1 kapena 2 pa tsiku.
Insulin yosakanikirana - imaphatikiza insulini ya zonse zazifupi komanso zapakati.

Kusankha kwa insulin yamtundu uliwonse kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zifukwa zingapo, mwa izi:

zochita za thupi,
moyo wopirira
zaka
mwayi wopeza ndalama
zinthu zina.

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga ku Israeli omwe ali ndi insulin zimachitidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zoperekera zinthuzo mthupi. Makamaka, mapampu apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amadzibayira insulin mthupi.

Mankhwala othandizira

Chimodzi mwazinthu zothandizira kuchitira bwino matenda a shuga a 2 ndikuchepa. Ngati chithandizo cha Conservative sichithandiza, opaleshoni ya bariatric ndikulimbikitsidwa.

Ntchito ngati izi zimatsikira kuti zizisokoneza m'mimba kapena kupaka mphete yapadera ya silicone, yomwe imalola wodwala kuti ikhale yodzadza ndi chakudya chochepa kwambiri. Chithandizo chotere cha kunenepa kwambiri ndi chothandiza kwambiri ndipo chimakuthandizani kuti muchotse kulemera kwa 15-30% kwakanthawi kochepa, monga zikuwonekera pakupezeka kwachipatala komanso kuwunika kwa odwala.

Chithandizo cha cell tsinde

Posachedwa, madokotala aku Israeli akhala akugwiritsa ntchito maselo a stem kulimbana ndi matenda ashuga. Amatengedwa kuchokera m'mafupa a wodwalayo, ndipo atatha kukonza ndi kulima mwachindunji, amathandizidwa kudzera m'mitsempha. Pakatha miyezi pafupifupi 1.5, pakuchepa kwa kufunika kwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi insulin.

Njira yopita patsogolo yochizira matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga ndikufalitsa maselo othandizira kupukusira kwa omwalira. Choyipa chachikulu cha mankhwalawa ndichotheka kukanidwa kwa ma cell achilendo - kuti mupewe izi, wodwalayo ayenera kumwa mankhwala a immunosuppression.

Komwe mungalandire chithandizo

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kupita ku chipatala chilichonse ku Israel, komwe kuli dipatimenti yochizira matenda a endocrine. Zipatala zonse zamitundu yosiyanasiyana za Dziko Lolonjezedwa zimapereka chithandizo cha matenda amtundu 1 komanso matenda a shuga. Nthawi zambiri, odwala ochokera kunja amafunsa thandizo kuchipatala chotsatira:

Ichilov Medical Center (Surasky), Tel Aviv.
Chipatala cha Assuta, Tel Aviv.
Rambam Medical Center, Haifa.
Hadasah Clinic, Yerusalemu.
Khaim Shib Clinic, Ramat Gan.
Zipatala zina ku Israel.

Ndiuzeni mitengo

Mtengo wa chithandizo cha matenda ashuga ku Israeli

Kodi chithandizo cha matenda ashuga chimawononga ndalama zingati kuchipatala? Monga lamulo, mtengo umawululidwa kwa wodwala pambuyo poti njira zonse zakuzindikira zichitike, zikaonekeratu kuchuluka kwa chithandizo chomwe akukhudzidwa.

Mtengo woyambirira wodziwitsa ndi kuchiza matenda ashuga m'makliniki aku Israeli ndi pafupifupi madola 5,000 aku US. Ngati opaleshoni ikuchitidwa, kuchuluka kwake kudzachuluka. Komanso, chithandizo cha zovuta za shuga, zomwe nthawi zina zimafunikira kuchitapo kanthu opaleshoni, zimalipiridwa payokha.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mitengo yachipatala ndi matenda ku Israel ndi yotsika 30% kuposa ku Europe ndi theka kutsika ngati ku USA.

Onani gawo la Endocrinology kuti mumve zambiri.

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga a ku Egypt

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.
Werengani zambiri apa ...

Masiku ano, asayansi padziko lonse lapansi akuyesetsa kupeza njira yochizira matendawa yomwe ingathe kuchiritsa nthendayi. Aliyense amene atapeza chithandizo cha matenda ashuga adzapatsidwa mphoto ya Nobel. Pakadali pano, matendawa amawonedwa ngati osachiritsika ndipo anthu omwe akudwala matenda ashuga amafunikira chithandizo chothandizira kuti zitsimikizike ngati zikuyenda bwino.

Njira zochizira matenda amtundu wa 2 komanso mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga zimasiyana pang'ono - koyambirira, odwala amafunika kudya kawirikawiri insulin komanso zakudya zochizira, chachiwiri ndikokwanira kumwa mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga ndikutsatira zakudya.

Pazonse, pali njira zitatu zazikulu zochizira matenda a shuga:

Mankhwala a insulin, mankhwala.
Zakudya zamankhwala, zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi (masewera olimbitsa thupi, masewera).

Njira zochizira matenda amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azikhalidwe kuti achepetse shuga, komanso njira zapadera zochizira.

Mwachitsanzo, m'zaka zaposachedwa, kuyeretsa magazi kwagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira ina yowonjezera thanzi la odwala matenda ashuga. Zitha kuchitika kokha ngati chilolezo cha adokotala ndikupereka mayeso ofunikira.

Kuwongolera kwa zamankhwala - electrotherapy ya matenda a shuga opatsirana apeza mayankho oyamikira kuchokera kwa odwala. Njira ndizotsika mtengo, zosavuta kunyamula komanso zothandiza. Phunzirani zambiri →

Physiotherapy ndi njira zingapo zochizira matenda osiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakuthupi (pakali pano, kuyatsidwa ndi mpweya, kuwala, mphamvu yamagetsi, kutentha, madzi, ndi zina). Njira zonse →

Asayansi azindikira kuti zovuta za autoimmune zimayambitsa gawo loyamba la matenda ashuga. Pankhani imeneyi, amodzi mwa malo olimbikitsa pakuchiza ndi kupewa matendawa ndi immunotherapy. Maganizo a asayansi →

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a shuga, kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala a insulin, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zochiritsira - makamaka mankhwala azitsamba. Mfundo Zazithandizo Zamankhwala Azitsamba →

Odwala ena a shuga amadabwa za chithandizo cha matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi hirudotherapy. Kodi njirayi imagwira ntchito motani, ndikuwonetsedwa kwa ndani ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwanji ma leeches?

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi leeches amadziwika kuti ndi njira yowonjezera yothandizira kucholinga chachikulu. Hirudotherapy ndi gawo limodzi la chithandizo chachikulu. Zambiri →

Ultrasound therapy (UST) ndi njira yochizira komanso prophylactic yomwe imaphatikizira kukhudzana ndi thupi ndi ultrasound (ma Ultra-high frequency oscillations kuchokera 800 mpaka 3000 kHz). Kenako →

Pa mankhwalawa matenda a shuga, makamaka kulipira kwa chindoko ndi mitundu ina ya njira zopanda mankhwala. Werengani zambiri →

Kodi matenda amtundu wa 1 amathandizidwa bwanji?

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi matenda oopsa koma osachiritsika. Chifukwa chake, kwa moyo wathunthu, wodwalayo ayenera kukhala ndi moyo wokangalika ndikuwunika zakudya zake. Inde, jakisoni wa insulin ndiwofunikira. Nthawi yomweyo, njira zatsopano zamankhwala zikuyeneranso kukhala zothandiza.

Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu 1 a ana
Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa shuga 1 mwa amuna
Kodi kuchitira matenda amtundu wa shuga 1 mwa azimayi?
Mankhwala akuluakulu
Kodi chatsopano ndichipatala chimakhala chiyani?
Kodi matenda amshuga 1 angachiritsidwe?
Kanema: Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga

Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu 1 a ana

Ngati kholo limodzi kapena onse ali ndi vuto lotere, ndiye kuti mwana akhoza kukhala ndi matenda ashuga kuyambira pakubadwa. Mankhwalawa ndi awa:

Insulin imayikidwa monga adanenera dokotala (onaninso - momwe mungabayire insulin molondola).
Miyezi 12 yoyambirira ndiyamwitsa.
Mukasinthira ku zakudya zamagetsi, muyenera kusankha zosakaniza zokha zomwe sizikhala ndi glucose pakapangidwe kake.
Pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi itayi, chakudya cholimba chimayambitsidwa, kuyambira masamba osakaniza ndi timadziti.
Thanzi limachitika nthawi 5-6 mosamalitsa nthawi imodzi.

Mwana akamakula, chithandizo chimaphatikizapo:

Jakisoni wa insulin momwe adayenerera katswiri.
Kuwongolera kunenepa komanso kusamalira kulemera kwake momwe mungathere kuti mukhale ndi thanzi.
Zakudya zamafuta kwambiri.
Kusungabe moyo wokangalika.

Nkhani yathu yotsatira ikufotokozerani zambiri za mtundu 1 wa ana ashuga.

Mankhwala a insulin

Kutengera ndi mankhwalawa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, insulin imayendetsedwa kangapo tsiku lililonse. Mankhwala ena amapangidwa kuti apereke jakisoni kamodzi patsiku.

Monga insulin, pokhapokha anthu kapena mawonekedwe ake apamtima amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi chikhalidwe cha nthawi yomwe ana ndi achinyamata asankha:

ultrashort
mwachidule
ndi nthawi yayitali.

Mpaka paunyamata, zosakaniza za insulin za mitundu yambiri sizigwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi ndichifukwa choti chiyerekezo cha 1: 1 chokha chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana, pomwe kuchuluka pazosakanikirana kungakhale 3: 7.

Zakudya za ana

Zakudyazi zimapangidwa malinga ndi chiwembu: mapuloteni + amafuta owonjezera ndi mafuta ochepa pachakudya chilichonse. Zakudya 6 patsiku.

Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zimakhala ndi izi:

buledi ndi chinangwa, rye,
dzungu
phwetekere
nyemba
tchizi chamafuta pang'ono ndi mkaka,
ng'ombe, bakha, nkhuku, nkhuku,
nsomba, nsomba zam'nyanja,
maswiti ozikidwa pa sorbitol ndi fructose,
zipatso ndi zipatso zokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic (GI) - onani tebulo pansipa.

Zakudya zamafuta othamanga, nthawi zina zakudya zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhala ndi fructose zimaloledwa (kugwiritsa ntchito mwa mgwirizano ndi adokotala):

wokondedwa
zipatso (nthochi, mavwende, mavwende),
maswiti amoto otsika
zipatso zouma.

Zosankha ziyenera kukhala zopangidwa zololedwa. Mwachitsanzo, zakudya za mwana zatsiku limodzi zitha kuwoneka motere:

Chakudya cham'mawa: gawo la saladi ndi tomato, nkhaka ndi zitsamba, chidutswa cha mkate, 90 g ya tchizi, apulo.
Zosakhazikika: msuzi wa phwetekere kapena zipatso, monga nectarine.
Chakudya chamadzulo: gawo la borsch, masamba saladi, phala la buckwheat, chidutswa cha nsomba yophika, mabulosi compote.
Chakudya chamadzulo: nsomba yokhala ndi masamba, masamba abwino a lalanje.
Zosadya: kapu imodzi ya mkaka kapena kefir. Yogati yachilengedwe imaloledwa.

Timalimbikitsanso kuwerenga menyu kwa sabata limodzi.

Zithandizo za anthu

Njira zotsatirazi ndi zabwino kusunga mwana wathanzi:

Lingonberry ndi tiyi wa mabulosi abulu.
Wiritsani muzu wa ratan ndi kupatsa mwana supuni 1 katatu pa tsiku.
Mpiru mbewu theka la supuni 3 pa tsiku.
Thirani 300 ml ya madzi owiritsa 1 tbsp. l mphukira ndi masamba achinyezi, onjezedwa ndi moto kwa mphindi 10. Popeza mutatambasulira, mutha kupatsa mwana 1 tbsp. l katatu patsiku.
Mwatsopano kufinya nyemba zatsopano kuti mupatse chikho cha times kanayi pa tsiku.
Thirani supuni 1 ya mabulosi abulu ndi kapu ya madzi owiritsa, gwiritsitsani mbale yotentha kwa mphindi 30. Popeza mwasefa, perekani chikho 1/3 katatu patsiku.

Werengani zambiri za njira zachikhalidwe zothandizira odwala matenda amtundu 1 - werengani apa.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Ponena za kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kwa ana pamakhala zochitika zokwanira pabwalo kapena pabwalo lamasewera. Ola limodzi lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi zovomerezeka mokwanira tsiku lililonse. Zolimbitsa thupi sizothandiza kwenikweni m'mawa mutadzuka. Amayi amatha kukonza masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi mwana, samangophunzitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kusangalala.

Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa shuga 1 mwa amuna

Kwa abambo, matenda ashuga amakhudzanso khungu. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, ndikuwonjezereka kapena kusapezeka kwa mankhwalawa, vuto logonana komanso mavuto am'mitsempha amayamba. Milandu iyi, amuna amadziwika ndi Viagra, chifukwa amathetsa mavuto a erection.

Mankhwala a insulin

Pali mitundu ingapo ya insulini. Nthawi zambiri, amafupikitsa komanso amafikira kumbuyo. Zotsirizirazi zimatchulidwanso kuti zimakhalitsa. Imalowa m'malo mwa insulin yachilengedwe yomwe ilibe odwala matenda ashuga. Insulin yochepa imachepetsa shuga m'magazi kuchokera kumagawo omwe amabwera ndi chakudya.

Akuluakulu, monga lamulo, amalamulidwa monga mtundu wa chithandizo, ndipo umakhala motere:

Insulin yakumbuyo imayendetsedwa 1 nthawi patsiku, nthawi zina 2, koma osapitirira apo.
Mwachidule - asanadye.

Mlingo ndiwofanana payekha ndipo zimatengera:

odwala matenda ashuga tsiku ndi tsiku
kulimbitsa thupi,
momwemonso matenda ena,
kuchuluka kwa matendawa, etc.

M'mawa, mlingo wa insulin uyenera kupitilira madzulo.

Zakudya zamagulu

Ngati mankhwala a insulin akuganiziridwa molondola, ndiye kuti zakudya zolimbitsa thupi sizofunikira. Komabe, malamulo angapo akadalipo, popeza kufunikira kwa thupi kwa insulin kumasintha kwambiri tsiku lonse, ndipo Mlingowo ndiovuta kuwerengetsa.

Pazigawo zoyambirira za matendawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kusiya zakudya zamafuta ambiri:

makeke ndi zinthu zophika mkate,
ufa, zakudya zosiyanasiyana,
zipatso zomwe zimakhala ndi glycemic index yokwera 60 ndi apamwamba (zinanazi, chivwende, vwende).

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti musamadye chakudya cham'mawa mwachindunji m'mawa, chifukwa chakudya chamafuta othamanga chimachulukitsa kwambiri shuga. Komabe, ndizosatheka kusiyiratu chakudya. Kutsindika kuyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono wama chakudya monga:

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.
Werengani zambiri apa ...

phala
durum tirigu
buledi
masamba
zipatso zomwe zili ndi glycemic index pansipa 60.

Pazakudya zina za zakudya ziziuza nkhaniyi: "Zakudya za matenda a shuga 1."

Chithandizo cha anthu

Kuti akhale ndi shuga wambiri, amuna amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi:

Pogaya 4 tbsp. l muzu wa Yerusalemu artichoke, kutsanulira 1 lita imodzi ya madzi owiritsa. Mukapukusidwa, muyenera kukhetsa, kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi osefa mu 1 mpaka 1. Imwani kamodzi patsiku m'malo mwa tiyi.
Grind 20 g wa stevia zitsamba, kutsanulira kapu ya madzi otentha ndikulola kuyima kwa maola 12. Pangani tincture wachiwiri - onjezerani theka kapu ya madzi otentha ku 20 g yaiwisi ndikupita kwa maola 8. Pambuyo pake, sakanizani kusakaniza ndi mtsuko watsopano. Gwiritsani ntchito tiyi ndi mbale zingapo monga shuga.
10 Bay masamba kutsanulira kapu ya madzi otentha, kunena kwa maola atatu. Imwani kapu theka patsiku mphindi 30 musanadye. Ubwino wa tsamba la Bay mu shuga - tatiuza apa.
1 tbsp. l maluwa a hawthorn kutsanulira 1 chikho madzi otentha, kusiya kwa mphindi 30 ndikuvutika. Imwani kapu theka katatu patsiku musanadye. Pali Chinsinsi china - 1 tbsp. l zipatso za hawthorn kutsanulira kapu ya madzi otentha, kunena 3 maola.Unasi ndi kumwa 3 tbsp. l katatu patsiku musanadye.

Maphunziro akuthupi

Amuna amatha ndipo ayenera kuphunzitsa mu masewera olimbitsa thupi ngati masewera olimbitsa thupi siabwino. Koma izi siziyenera kukhala zovuta kuchita zolimbitsa thupi. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kuphunzitsa pamlingo wolemera zosaposa 50 makilogalamu. Izi ndizokwanira kukhala ndi zovomerezeka, koma osati katundu wambiri.

Ngati ndi kotheka, magetsi opepuka pamiyeso yaying'ono amaphatikizidwa ndi ma njinga kapena kuthamanga pa njanji. Ndipo kamodzi pa sabata mumatha kusambira. Chinthu chachikulu - katundu azikhala wokhazikika komanso watsiku ndi tsiku, koma osati kwambiri.

Werengani zambiri zamankhwala olimbitsa thupi - tatiuza apa.

Kodi kuchitira matenda amtundu wa shuga 1 mwa azimayi?

Njira zamankhwala ndizovomerezeka, koma muyenera kupanga zolemba zamtundu wachikazi ndikuganiza:

kusamba
kusintha kwa thupi
mimba

Mlingo wa mankhwala omwe amamwa komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito zimadalira chilichonse mwazinthu izi.

Maphikidwe a anthu

Ma decoctions ndi ma tinctures ndi othandiza makamaka kwa amayi, chifukwa samangokhala ndi shuga, komanso amathandizira mu mantha amanjenje:

Thirani 1 tbsp. l Befungin ndi kapu ya madzi otentha ndikumwa katatu patsiku mphindi 30 musanadye. Pambuyo mphindi 10, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutenge tincture wa calendula - 30 madontho. Amasakanizidwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1 mpaka 4. Nthawi ya chakudya, ndikofunikira kumwa msuzi wa sauerkraut. Izi zimayenera kuchitika kwa mwezi umodzi.
Idyani zipatso za mzere wozungulira kapena wobiriwira monga tiyi wa zitsamba.
Pukuta masamba 20 a mtedza, kutsanulira mu soso, kutsanulira kapu ya madzi otentha ndikupitilira moto kwa mphindi 10. Mutha kumwa popanda zoletsa.
Sakanizani 20 g wa masamba a mabulosi abulu + masamba a birch + ma pansies + netunes. Gwiritsitsani osakaniza 10 g a dandelion muzu ndi 5 g wa wort wa St. Sakanizani bwino, kuthira madzi otentha, kunena kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 10, pritsetsi ndi kutenga 3 tbsp. l katatu patsiku.

Mankhwala akuluakulu

Mankhwala a matenda amtundu wa 1 wodwala, mankhwalawa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

Maudzu apadera ndi zigamba zomwe zimathandiza kuphatikiza shuga m'magazi.
Dialek ndi mankhwala omwe amatithandizanso kugwira ntchito kapamba, komanso kukakamiza komanso kuwonda.
Tiyi wa monast ndi kukonzekera kwazitsamba komwe kwadzitsimikizira pakulimbana ndi matenda ashuga omwe akupita patsogolo.
Insulin yochita ntchito mwachidule ndi timadzi timene timayambira mphindi 15 insulin italowa m'thupi. Zambiri za insulin iyi - http://diabet.biz/lechenie/tradicionnaya/insulin/insuliny-korotkogo-dejstviya.html.
Insulin yochita pakati.
Insulin yotalika kwa nthawi yayitali ndi timadzi tomwe timatha maola 4-6 kuchokera pa nthawi ya jakisoni.

Komanso, kwa odwala matenda ashuga, mankhwala amafunikira omwe amachotsa zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa matenda omwe amapezeka kapena omwe amayambitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga:

ACE zoletsa - kusintha magazi, kukhala ngati prophylaxis ntchito impso.
Mankhwala am'mimba - osiyanasiyana mankhwalawa (mwachitsanzo ,calcal, erythromycin), omwe amachotsa zizindikiro ndikuchiza matenda ammimba motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda amtundu wa 1.
Cardiomagnyl - amatengedwa chifukwa cha matenda amitsempha yamagazi ndi mtima.
Lovastatin - kofunikira kuti muchepetse cholesterol, ngati kuli kotheka, njira ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito - simvastatin.

Kodi chatsopano ndichipatala chimakhala chiyani?

Njira zothetsera mavuto zimafunidwa pafupipafupi kuti pomalizira pake muchepetse chithandizo cha odwala matenda ashuga. Pakadali pano, zotsatira zochepa, koma zosankha zina zabwino zikulingaliridwa tsopano.

Makamaka, posachedwa mapampu a insulin okhala ndi mayankho otere adzaonekera pamsika. Makinawo ndikuti chipangizo chomwe chimayeza shuga chimakhazikika pa thupi la wodwalayo. Pankhaniyi, chipangizocho chimazindikira kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe ingafunike.

Pakupita kwa nthawi, amakula kapena kuphatikiza kapamba amawaganizira. Cloning ndi njira yayitali komanso yodula pakokha. Komabe, masiku ano, matekinoloje akutukuka kwambiri ndipo, mwina, m'zaka zikubwerazi, kulima kapamba watsopano kudzakhala kofala.

Werengani zambiri za chisamaliro cha shuga pano.

Kodi maselo a tsinde amagwiritsidwa ntchito?

Ngakhale zokambirana zikuchitika ndipo zokambirana zikufalitsidwa, maselo a stem sagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera kuchiza matenda ashuga. Komanso, izi zikukhudza dziko lonse lapansi - pakadali pano palibe amene wapereka zofalitsa kapena kulengeza kugwiritsa ntchito maselo a stem pachipatala.

Zowona, maphunziro akupitilizabe, koma amayesabe, ndipo kutenga nawo mbali kwa odwala kumachitika kokha mwa kufuna kwawo.

Kodi matenda amshuga 1 angachiritsidwe?

Matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa shuga ndi achinyamata, ndipo amakula chifukwa cha zochita za autoimmune, zomwe zimatengera kuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic beta. Chifukwa chakutseka kwa insulini mthupi lino, maselo ambiri a beta amafa, ndipo mankhwala amakono sakudziwa momwe angaimitsire izi.

M'malo mwake, palibe chochiritsa ngati maselo a beta afa. Iyi ndi njira ya autoimmune ndipo, monga matenda aliwonse ofanana, mwatsoka, sasintha.

Pakadali pano, mankhwala ovomerezeka akuti mtundu woyamba wa shuga ndiwosachiritsika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulini kungathe kukhalabe ndi jakisoni.

Komabe, pali chifukwa chokhalira ndi chiyembekezo. M'tsogolomu, asayansi atha kuphunziranso kukhazikitsa maselo a beta athanzi kapena kupanga mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kukula kwa maselo atsopano a beta. Pankhaniyi, matenda a shuga amathandizidwa mosavuta komanso mwachangu.

Kanema: Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga

Onerani kanema kuchokera pamphindi 8:55 pazomwe akupangira matenda a shuga 1:

Ngakhale kuchuluka koganizira kwakukulu, mankhwala ovomerezeka sazindikira chilichonse kupatula jakisoni wa insulin. Mankhwala a mahomoni ndi njira yokhayo yotithandizira omwe akufuna kuthana ndi matendawa. Ubwino udzakhala ndi chakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso mankhwala owonjezera. Timalimbikitsanso kuti muphunzire mtundu wopewa matenda ashuga 1.