Kutsimikizika kwa Matenda - Kuyesedwa kwa Matenda A shuga

Dokotala akaganiza kuti wodwalayo ali ndi shuga wambiri, amutumiza kukayezetsa matenda ashuga.

Chiwerengero cha odwala omwe apezeka ndi matendawa chikuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse. Ku Russia, ndizidziwitso zokhazo zomwe zikusonyeza kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga okwanira 9.6 miliyoni.

Amakhulupirira kuti matendawa ndi zotsatira za moyo wosayenera. Zowonadi, anthu asiya kuyenda, amakonda kuyenda kwambiri, ma TV ndi zida zamagetsi akuchotsa ntchito zakunja, ndipo zakudya zoyenera zikusinthidwa ndi chakudya chopanda pake. Njira zonsezi zimakhudza thanzi la munthu. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zovuta zam'mimba zosakanikirana, kulemera kwa thupi ndi shuga wamagazi zikuchulukirachulukira.

Kodi zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndi ziti ndipo zimapezeka bwanji? Kupatula apo, kupeza nthawi yake kumatithandizanso kudziwa zambiri za matenda akulu. Mayankho a mafunso awa akhoza kupezeka m'nkhaniyi.

Kuzindikira matenda ndi ziyeso

Pali njira zambiri zodziwira "matenda okoma."

Pa intaneti, mutha kuyesanso matenda ashuga omwe ali pa intaneti kuti adziwe matenda anu a shuga kunyumba. Kuti muchite izi, yankhani mafunso omwe afunsidwa. Amaphatikizidwa makamaka ndi msinkhu, index ya thupi, shuga, magazi, achibale, komanso ena.

Mukadutsa mayeso oterowo popanda kuwunikira, munthu angathe kudziwa kuti ali ndi matenda otani. Komabe, zotulukapo zake ndizokayikira kwambiri, chifukwa kuti mupange matenda, muyenera kuphunzira kapangidwe ka magazi kapena mkodzo wa munthu.

Gluceter ndi chipangizo choyezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Chida chotere chitha kudziwa msanga komanso kukula kwa shuga kwa wodwala. Nthawi zambiri, mwa munthu wathanzi, glucose othamanga amakhala pakati pa 70 ndi 130 mg / dl.

Nthawi zambiri, ma glucometer amakhala ndi zingwe zoyesa ndi zoperewera. Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati pali shuga kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi?

Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuchita izi:

1. Sambani m'manja bwino ndi sopo musanachitike.
2. Kanda ndikuchiritsa chala ndi antiseptic.
3. Pogwiritsa ntchito chocheperako, kuboola chala kumbali.
4. Chotsani dontho loyamba lamwazi ndi chopukutira.
5. Finyani yachiwiri pa Mzere wozungulira ndikuyiyika mu mita.
6. Yembekezerani zotsatira pa chiwonetserochi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zida za A1C ndi kafukufuku wolondola wokhudza magazi. Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kuyeza mulingo wa hemoglobin wa glycated kwa miyezi itatu ndikupeza mtengo wapakati.

Kutsimikiza kwa msinkhu wa shuga kumachitidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito mawayilesi oyesera a mkodzo. Komabe, njira yodziwitsira matenda siothandiza kwambiri. Mzere woyezera umatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ndi shuga wamba m'magazi, kupezeka kwake mumkodzo kumachokera ku 0 mpaka 0,02%. Munthu akakhala ndi shuga wambiri wofunsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mzere woyeserera, amafunikira kuchita maphunziro owonjezera kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Monga mukuwonera, pali mayeso osiyanasiyana omwe amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Komabe, posankha njira yabwino kwambiri, muyenera kukhazikika panjira zakufufuzira mwachangu.

Chiyeso chofotokozera, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer, ndipo nthawi zina kuyesa chingwe, chithandiza kuwonetsa msanga kuchuluka kwa glycemia.

Mitundu ya Matenda A shuga

Aliyense amadziwa kuti matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha zovuta za autoimmune. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya shuga - yodalira insulin (mtundu 1) ndi yosadalira-insulini (mtundu 2). Kuphatikiza apo, pali matenda osokoneza bongo komanso a neonatal. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mitundu yamatendawa?

Kukula kwa matenda amtundu wa 1 kumachitika ndili mwana. Maselo a Beta omwe amapezeka m'milumba ya Langerhans ya kapamba amasiya kupanga insulin. Chifukwa chake, mankhwalawa amatenga mbali yofunika kwambiri pothandizidwa ndi jakisoni wa nthawi yake. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti 10% yokha mwa anthu onse odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu.

Ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Zimadziwonetsera yokha mwa anthu omwe amakonda kunenepa kwambiri komanso ali ndi chibadwa chobadwa nacho. Chifukwa chake, ngati munthu ali ndi abale omwe ali ndi matendawa, ndiye kuti matendawa amawonekera mwa iye. Matenda a 2 a shuga nthawi zambiri amakhudza anthu achikulire komanso okalamba. Matenda ofatsa amatha kuthandizidwa powona zakudya zoyenera komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mosalekeza.

Matenda amishuga amakula mwa amayi apakati chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi. Ngakhale nthendayi nthawi zambiri imatha yokha pakapita padera, mayi woyembekezera ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala pafupipafupi kuti asayambitse matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 komanso zovuta zina.

Neonatal shuga mellitus ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha chibadwa chosagwira bwino ntchito. Zotsatira zake, kapamba sangapangitse insulini kwathunthu.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga

Anthu ambiri amafunsa momwe angamvetsetsere kuti muli ndi matenda ashuga? Chithunzi cha chipatala cha matendawa ndichachikulu kwambiri. Choyamba, muyenera kulabadira kukodza pafupipafupi komanso ludzu losatha. Zizindikiro zoterezi mu shuga zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa impso.

Mkulu wamagazi akachuluka, impso zimayamba kugwira ntchito molimbika kuchotsa shuga wambiri m'thupi.

Komabe, machitidwe otere amafunika madzi ambiri, omwe impso zimayamba kutenga kuchokera ku minofu ndi ma cell. Zotsatira zake, munthu amayendera zimbudzi pafupipafupi ndipo amafuna kumwa.

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti shuga yanu yakula ikuphatikizaponso:

• kamwa yowuma, njala yopanda nzeru,
• kupweteka mutu komanso chizungulire ndi matenda ashuga ndi prediabetes state,
• kulira kapena kutopa kwa malekezero ake,
• kusakwiya ndi kutopa kosalekeza,
• kuwonda msanga
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Kuchiritsa kwakatalika kwa mabala ndi zilonda zam'mimba,
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
• Khungu
• mavuto azakugonana
• kusamba mosalekeza mwa akazi.

Ndi kukula kwa matendawo, ubongo umakhudzidwa kwambiri. Popeza glucose samalowetsedwa bwino m'maselo, amataya mphamvu ndikuyamba "kufa ndi njala." Zotsatira zake, odwala matenda ashuga sangathe kulolera, kumva kupweteka mutu komanso kutopa. Munthu wokayikira ngakhale zingapo mwazizindikirozi, ayenera kupita kwa endocrinologist kukayezetsa matenda ashuga. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti zotsatira za matendawa zimatha kukhala zosatsimikizika, chifukwa chake, chithandizo chamankhwala chimayamba msanga, ndibwino kwa wodwalayo.

Koma kodi shuga imatsimikiziridwa motani? Mukuyenera kudziwa.

Zotsatira za kupezeka kwadzidzidzi

Ngati matenda a shuga sakhazikika pa nthawi yake, ndiye kuti akhoza kukhala ndi zovuta zingapo.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kuchepa kwa shuga wamagulu ena, komanso kusagwirizana ndi mankhwalawa zitha kukhala zinthu zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti matenda azidutsa.

Pa mankhwalawa matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malamulo onse omwe amakhalanso glycemia wabwinobwino.

Kupanda kutero, zotsatirazi zingachitike:

1. Matenda a shuga, omwe amafunikira kuchipatala pomwepo, popeza pali chiyembekezo chachikulu cha kufa.
2. Matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi matenda omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe opuwala, kuphwanya umphumphu wa chithunzichi ndi kumveka kwake, chifukwa chakukutidwa kwa ziwiya zazing'onoting'ono mu retina zamaso.
3. Matenda a diabetes a nephropathy ndi matenda omwe amachitika chifukwa cha matenda aimpso kapena kulephera kwa aimpso.
4. Mkhalidwe wa hypoglycemic womwe kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi amachepetsa kwambiri.
5. Kutsitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, chifukwa, pali mwayi waukulu wodwala komanso matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo.
6. Kukula kwa angiopathy ndimatenda omwe makoma amitsempha amatha, ndipo mitsempha yamagazi imawonongeka.
7. Encephalopathy ndi njira yomwe magawo a ubongo amawonongeka. Amalumikizidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwapang'onopang'ono, kufa kwa maselo amitsempha komanso kuchepa kwa mpweya muubongo.
8. Mavuto ena ndi monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda amtima komanso phazi la matenda ashuga.

Kudzisamalira mosaganizira bwino kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zosasangalatsa komanso zosasintha. Chifukwa chake, pamene mukumva zisonyezo wamba za matenda ashuga, kuyezetsa kumakhala kothandiza kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Chachikulu ndikusankha njira yachangu kwambiri komanso yothandiza kwambiri.

Kufunso: "Ndili ndi matenda ashuga, nditani pambuyo pake?" Yankho lake ndi losavuta - kuchitiridwa. Dokotala amapanga dongosolo la wodwala lomwe wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira. Mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi amakhalanso ofunikira. Ndi kuyang'anira mosalekeza, matendawa sakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, ndipo mutha kukhala nawo bwinobwino.

Mu kanema munkhaniyi, adotolo azikambirana za mayeso omwe angadziwe matenda a shuga.

Kuyesa Kwapaintaneti T2DM

"Algorithm" yofufuza pa intaneti yomwe imathandizira kudziwa komwe kumayambitsa matenda ashuga a 2 ndikofanana.

Mtundu Wachiwiri wa Mafunso Oyesera a Matenda A shuga

Chiyeso chilichonse cholembedwa cha matenda ashuga pakhomo chimapereka mayankho ku mafunso omwe akukhudzana mwachindunji ndi zoopsa zokhudzana ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amachokera ku shuga:

• kunenepa
• kumangokhala
• zakudya zopanda thanzi, kudya mopatsa chidwi, kukonda kudya mwachangu, shuga, mafuta, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi,
• matenda oopsa
• chibadwire.

Mwachilengedwe, munthu wamkulu akamakalamba, amayamba kulimba msanga ndi minyewa yam'mimba. Chifukwa cha izi, glucose, monga zotsatira zomaliza zamafuta a chakudya m'thupi, sasinthidwa mphamvu ndi maselo, amaipitsa thupi, ndikuyikidwa m'maselo amafuta.

Kuchiza kwa T2DM kumabweretsa kufooka kwa pancreatic ndi kuwonjezeka kwa matenda

Thupi likuyesera kupanga kuchepa kwa mphamvu komwe kwachitika potumiza mauthenga ku ubongo - "Ndikufuna chakudya." Munthu amadya, koma glucose sangathenso kulowa m'maselo. Chifukwa chake, bwalo loipa kwambiri la T2DM limabuka.

Mutha kuthyolako, koma kuti muchite izi muyenera kulangidwa ndikukhala ndi mwayi wotsatira izi:

1. Ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa chidwi cham'mimba mwa maselo a mafupa kuti insulin. Palibe njira yochitira popanda kuchita pafupipafupi komanso kokwanira voliyumu, kulimbitsa thupi mwapadera.
2. Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kwambiri chakudya chamagulu ochulukirapo. Kuwona zakudya zamafuta ochepa komanso / kapena kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga kumathandizadi.
3. Zimafunikira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa minofu ya adipose kukhala yabwinobwino. Kuphatikiza kwa cyclic ndi kulimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi kuphatikiza ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa calorie kumathandizira kuchepetsa thupi.

Kwa mawu. Mitundu yolimbitsa thupi panthawi ya aerobic (cyclic) zolimbitsa thupi: kuyenda, kuthamanga, kuyenda kwa Nordic ndi ndodo, kusambira, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa cyclic - kumathandizira kuthamanga kwa magazi, kupewa kukula kwa kugunda kwa mtima ndi sitiroko.

Kuyesedwa mwachangu ndi glucometer

Mukadutsa nawo mafunso ali pa intaneti pa T2DM, mudapatsidwa zotsatira zabwino, koma kodi ulendo wopita kwa endocrinologist umawonekerabe asanakwane? Musakhale aulesi kwambiri kuti musayesenso mayeso a matenda ashuga okhala ndi glucometer yonyamula.

Chitani kuyeserera kwa magazi a shuga. Chizindikiro choposa 7 mmol / l - kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuichitira anthu omwe ali ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro izi:

• kukodza pafupipafupi, makamaka usiku, (zonse kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwake),
• Nthawi ndi nthawi pamakhala pakamwa pouma kwambiri
• kukumana ndi mavuto pafupipafupi a ludzu losatha,
• kumanjoya kumapazi ndi manja
• Ngakhale zotupa za pakhungu zazing'ono zimachiritsa motalika kwambiri,
• Matenda amtundu wa genitourin achulukitsa (chizindikiro chimadziwika ndi akazi, ndipo chifukwa cha "kutsekemera" kwamkodzo).

Ngati mukukhala mumzinda, ndiye kuti mutha kukayezetsa ndi glucometer, yomwe imawerengedwa ngati mayeso a shuga kunyumba, ku pharmacy. Masiku ano, m'mafakisoni ambiri, kuyesedwa kwa magazi "pompopompo" kwa shuga kungachitike pongolipira gawo loyesa.

Kwa mawu. M'mafakitala ena m'mizinda yayikulu, kamodzi pa sabata kapena kamodzi pamwezi, kuyezetsa shuga kwa shuga kungachitike kwaulere konse. Lumikizanani ndi wazamapulogalamu anu poyimba.

Mayeso a labotale a T2DM

Komabe, kuyesa kwa glucometer si chigamulo chomaliza komanso chopanda malire, ndipo chikufunikira chitsimikiziro cha zasayansi. Kuti muchite izi, mudzafunika kukayezetsa kumene magawo a magazi aziwunikiridwa pazida zamakono zotsogola zotsogola.

Gulu lamakono lofufuza zovuta zamatenda a carbohydrate pakupanga mtundu wa 2 shuga mellitus lili ndi "utatu wagolide" wa kusanthula:

• kusala shuga (magazi),
• Kuyesa kwa maola awiri ndi glucose,
• glycated hemoglobin.

Zambiri. Kuphatikiza pa maphunzirowa, adokotala angafunike zotsatira zakuwunika kwazinthu zamagazi monga insulin, adiponectin, leptin.

Kuthamanga shuga (plasma, seramu)

Kupenda kosala kudya kwa shuga kwa magazi ndi njira yayikulu yowunika pamaso pa matenda a prediabetes, mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga. Popanga matenda, kafukufukuyu adzafunika kuchitika kawiri, ndikupumula kwa masiku angapo.

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zoyenera, Glucose amayenera kumwa pamimba yopanda kanthu pamimba yopanda kanthu - osadya kapena kumwa chilichonse, kupatula kumwa madzi osagwiritsa ntchito mpweya, kwa maola 8-10 mpaka magazi atachotsedwa m'mitsempha. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zimapangitsa, matenda kapena mankhwala amatha kuwonjezera kapena kutsitsa zizindikiro za kusanthula (onani chithunzi pamwambapa).

Kulowetsa zidziwitso za zotsatira za kusanthula mu mbiri yachipatala, dokotala adzatsimikizira momwe madzi a magazi anali mu nthawi ya kafukufuku - plasma kapena seramu. Ngakhale kuti mtengo wa mayesowo ndiwofanana, ndibwino kutenga njira ya Glucose pamimba yopanda kanthu (seramu).

Miyezo yamagazi ya glucose:

Yang'anani! M'mabotolo ena, mutha kupeza "mtundu wakale" wa mayesowo, pomwe magazi samatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha, koma kuchokera kumunwe, ndipo zomwe zili m'magazi athunthu zimayesedwa. Mtengo wake umakhala wotsika kwambiri, koma kudalirika kwa zotsatirapo kuli pafupifupi 80%, popeza kuti msuzi wa shuga mu iwo ndi wotsika ndi 12-25% kuposa plasma kapena seramu.

Zolimbitsa Thupi Loleza Kuthana ndi Thupi (TSH)

Ngati kuwunika kwa Glucose pamimba yopanda kanthu kunawonetsa kuchepa, koma kumakhalabe kozunzika, ndipo adotolo akuganiza kuti muli ndi vuto la matenda osokoneza bongo, ndiye kuti alemba mayendedwe a mayeso a glucose okhala ndi katundu. Popanda iye, ma labotale samachita kafukufuku wotere.

Kukonzekera kwa kusanthula kwa TSH ndikofanana ndi kusala kwa glucose, koma zimatenga nthawi yayitali ndipo ziyenera kuchitidwa motere:

1. Kupereka koyambirira kwa magazi kumachitika.
2. Imwani 200 ml ya yankho lomwe lili ndi 75 g shuga.
3. Ndipo, pakatha mphindi 30 zilizonse, magazi ena anayi amatengedwa.Izi zimatenga 2 maola, nthawi yomwe muyenera kukhala pafupi ndi ofesi, simungakhale wamanjenje, kupita kukapuma utsi, kudya ndi kumwa.

Njira ngati izi zitha kudabwitsa anthu ambiri - bwanji sindinatenge magazi kuchokera kwa wachibale wanga yemwe adapambana mayeso awa, osati ma 5 okha, koma nthawi 2 zokha (koyambirira ndi kumapeto)?

Madokotala ambiri am'banja sakhala ndi vuto lolemba nthawi yocheperako, popeza pafupifupi odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga samasamala za chithandizo chamankhwala ndipo amadzaza anthu ambiri odwala matenda ashuga a 2. Eya, othandizira ma labotale amachita TTG monga momwe zalembedwera pakuwunikira.

Kusanthula kwa TSH sikuchitika pa nthawi ya kusamba

Kuunikira zomwe zikuwonetsa phunziroli pokhapokha pakuthandizira kwa endocrinologist, koma malingaliro a WHO akuwonetsa chizindikiro chotsiriza (chachisanu) cha shuga mu seramu (!) Magazi:

Kwa mawu. Nzeru wamba yomwe TTG imathandizira kuwonetsera kwa T2DM sichinthu chongopeka kuposa nthano chabe ya philistine. Katundu wama 75 g a glucose ndi ofanana ndi keke imodzi yomwe idadyedwa.

Mayeso a Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)

Kuunika kwa magazi kumeneku kotengedwa m'mitsempha kumalola endocrinologist kuti iwunike kuchuluka kwa matenda a carbohydrate metabolism omwe amachitika kwa nthawi yayitali (m'miyezi itatu yapitayo).

Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunika kwa HbA1c:

• chofunikira ndi kudalirika kwakukulu kwambiri, chifukwa sikufunika kupakidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu,
• Zotsatira zake sizikhudzidwa ndi pafupifupi mankhwala onse, kupatula kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kwa mankhwalawa a aspirin, kupsinjika kwamalingaliro ndi thupi, zinthu zina zambiri zosokoneza.
• ili ndi mtengo wodziwikiratu posachedwa wa micro- ndi macro-vascular pathologies omwe amapezeka mu T2DM.

American Diabetes Association posachedwapa yagwirizana, ndipo WHO idavomereza, kuti ziwunikire zowonetsa, zoyesedwa%, motere:

• chizolowezi ndi 4.8-5.9,
• prediabetesic state - 5.7-6.4,
• matenda ashuga - ≥ 6.5, adatsimikizika 2 nthawi yokhala ndi miyezi itatu, kapena ≥ 6.5% HbA1c + TSH> 11 mmol / L.

Ndipo pomaliza nkhaniyo, onerani kanema wothandiza kuchokera pagululi ndi kutenga nawo gawo kwa Dr. Myasnikov, yemwe amakonda kufotokoza za momwe angadziwire dziko lomwe lili ndi matenda ashuga, momwe lilili zoopsa komanso, makamaka, zomwe zimayenera kuchitidwa kuti athane ndi vutoli komanso kuti asalandire shuga ya mtundu wachiwiri.