Nicotinic acid

Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa komanso kuthandizira kuchepa kwa vitamini PP (B3), atherosulinosis, kuphipha kwa mitsempha, matenda amitsempha yamagazi ndi zotumphukira. Mlingo wambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kusokoneza chiwindi, kagayidwe kachakudya kagayidwe kachakudya. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphatikiza kanyumba tchizi m'zakudya ndikugwiritsa ntchito nicotinic acid.

Werengani nkhaniyi

Ubwino ndi kuvulaza kwa nicotinic acid

Mankhwalawa ali ndi ntchito ya Vitamini ndipo amatenga nawo mbali mu kuphatikizika kwa minofu, kapangidwe ka mapuloteni, mafuta ndi kuwonongeka kwa masitolo a glycogen mu chiwindi ndi minofu. Kukhalapo kwa nicotinic acid m'magazi kumathandizira njira ya oxidation, kupanga mphamvu. Njira zazikulu zochiritsira zimaphatikizapo:

• kupewa kupitirira kwa atherosulinosis,
• kuyenda kwamagazi
• Kukula kwa zotumphukira, ziwalo zamkati ndi ziwalo,
• kuchepetsa kuledzera,
• kusintha kwa chiwindi, m'mimba ndi matumbo (mu waukulu Mlingo wocheperako),
• imathandizira machiritso a mabala ndi zofooka zoperewera,
• Kubwezeretsa kulowetsedwa kwamphamvu mu ulusi wamanjenje.

Nicotinic acid imatchedwa antipellagric mankhwala, chifukwa ndi kuperewera kwake, matendawa amatuluka. Matenda a pakhungu (dermatitis), kutsekula m'mimba (m'mimba) ndi dementia.

Mukamamwa mankhwala ambiri, kufupika kwa khungu la nkhope ndi thupi, chizungulire, kutentha kwadzidzidzi, kutsekeka paminyewa kumachitika, ndikumvekera kwambiri kwa Nikotinic acid, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachepetsa kwambiri, pamakhala kuphwanya kwamtundu wamkamwa, mtima ndi mseru komanso kusanza. Mukamayang'ana odwala omwe amamwa mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali, amapeza:

• kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi uric acid m'magazi,
• mafuta amchiwindi,
• kunenepa kwambiri komwe kumayenderana ndi zovuta zamafuta ndi mafuta kagayidwe,
• kuwonongeka kwa mucous nembanemba zam'mimba, duodenum ndi matumbo ang'ono.

Chimodzi mwazomwe zimapangitsa kuti tsitsi lizithamanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kunja. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi cosmetologists kuchitira dazi.

Ndipo izi ndizokhudza chithandizo cha dyslipidemia.

Zotsatira za pharmacological

Niacin ndi pawiri wofanana mu kapangidwe ka nicotinamide.

Kugwiritsa ntchito nicotinic acid ndikofunikira polimbikitsa magazi, zochita za ubongo, kusinthana kwa amino acid, mafuta, chakudya, ndi mapuloteni.

Vitamini iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri kupewa matenda a mtima. Zimathandizira kutsitsa cholesterol, lipoprotein ndi triglyceride - zinthu zomwe zimatchinga, zimathandizira kukulira kwachulukidwe ndikupanga mapangidwe amwazi, komanso kuchepetsa magazi.

Zowonetsa ntchito nicotinic acid

Vitamini amathandizidwa kudzera m'mitsempha, pakamwa, majekiseni a subcutaneous ndi mu mnofu wa nikotini acid amapatsidwa.

Chida chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza komanso kupewa pellagra, kuchiza matenda amtundu wa shuga, matenda am'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba, chiwindi, enterocolitis, gastritis yotsika acidity, kuchiritsa zilonda zamkhungu, komanso kuthana ndi mitsempha ya ziwiya zaubongo, mikono ndi miyendo, impso.

Komanso, mankhwalawa amaphatikizidwa ndi zovuta zochizira matenda amtundu wamitsempha, matenda a matenda a m'mimba, matenda osiyanasiyana.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito nicotinic acid

Nicotinic acid ya prophylaxis imalembedwa kwa achikulire 15-25 mg, ana 5-20 mg patsiku.

Zochizira pellagra, akuluakulu amatenga nicotinic acid mapiritsi a 100 mg mpaka anayi r / tsiku kwa masiku 15-20. Mutha kulowa yankho la 1% acid - 1 ml mpaka awiri r / tsiku kwa masiku 10-15. Ana amapatsidwa 5-50 mg awiri kapena atatu r / tsiku.

Malinga ndi ziwonetsero zina, akuluakulu amatenga mavitaminiwa 20-50 mg, ana 5-30 mg mpaka atatu r / tsiku.

Monga vasodilator wa ischemic stroke, 1 ml ya nicotinic acid imayendetsedwa kudzera m'mitsempha.

Jakisoni wamkati ndi subcutaneous wa nicotinic acid, mosiyana ndi kayendetsedwe ka mtsempha, ndizopweteka. Pofuna kupewa kukwiya, mchere wa sodium wa nicotinic ungagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa vitaminiyu kupukusa mitsempha yamagazi, nicotinic acid imathandiza tsitsi - imalimbikitsa kukula kwawo. Pakusamalira tsitsi, yankho lake limapaka pakhungu masiku 30, 1 ml iliyonse.

Ikani yankho mu mawonekedwe ake oyera kuti musakunyowa, kutsuka tsitsi. Pakatha mwezi umodzi chithandizo cha tsitsi ndi nicotinic acid, dandruff amatsukidwa kuchokera ku scalp, mizu imalimbikitsidwa, ndipo tsitsi limakula 4-6 cm. Ngati ndi kotheka, kupukusira maphunziro kungachitike mobwerezabwereza, ndi pafupipafupi masiku 15-20.

Gwiritsani ntchito bwino nicotinic acid kuonda. Kuwongolera kunenepa kumathandizidwa chifukwa chakuti vitamini imathandizira metabolism, imathandizira kuyeretsa magazi, ngakhale cholesterol, kuchotsa zitsulo zolemera, poizoni. Mlingo wa nicotinic acid wochepetsa thupi ndi munthu aliyense, ndipo ndi 100-250 mg patsiku. Nthawi zambiri, nicotinic acid amatengedwa pamapiritsi, osapitirira 1 g patsiku, kangapo patsiku. Kuchita kwa asidi mwanjira yofiyira khungu ndikutuluka kwamoto kumawoneka ngati kwachilendo. Ndi acidity yowonjezera yam'mimba, vitamini amatengedwa mutatha kudya.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Kugwiritsa ntchito nicotinic acid kumatha kuyambitsa: kufupika pakhungu la nkhope, kupindika pakati, thupi, dzanzi, miyendo, chizungulire, kutentha. Zotsatira zoyipa izi zimapita zokha.

Ndi kuyambitsa kwa mavitamini mwachangu, kupanikizika kumatha kutsika kwambiri, ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali komanso muyezo waukulu, mankhwalawa amathanso kuwoneka ngati mafupa a chiwindi. Popewa matendawa, vitamini amapatsidwa nthawi imodzi ndi methionine.

Kodi nicotinic acid ndi chiyani?

Vitamini PP, B3 kapena nicotinic acid (dzina lachi Latin ndi nicotinic acidum) ndi chinthu chofunikira kwa thupi. Mukakhala mkati, imaphwanyidwa kuti niacinamide, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi metabolism yamafuta. Cholinga chachikulu cha vitaminiyo ndikusintha chakudya kukhala mphamvu. Kufunika kwa tsiku lililonse kwa nicotinic acid ndi 5-10 mg, kwa amayi oyembekezera - 15 mg. Dokotala wodzipereka amafotokozera ngati pali umboni.

Kutulutsa Fomu

Malinga ndi tanthauzo la pharmacological, mitundu yotsatirayi ya kukonzekera kwa Vitaminiyi imasiyanitsidwa:

• Vitamini B3 mu ampoules - 1 ml iliyonse, ma ampoules opangidwa ndi galasi, pH ya jakisoni ndi 5-7,
• ufa wa jakisoni
• mapiritsi (50 ma PC.) - mankhwala kuti akwaniritse kusowa kwa asidi, zomwe zili pazomwe zimagwira ndi 0,05 g,
• Njira ya nikotini wa sodium -0.1% ya nikotini yankho.

Kukonzekera kwa Nicotinic acid

Vitamini ndi gawo lofunikira pakukonzekera Vititodurol, Vicinein, Xantinol Nicotinate, Lipostabil, Nikoverin, Nikoshpan, Spazmokor. Ili ndi mitundu iwiri - acid ndi nicotinamide. Mafomu onsewa ndi magawo omwe amagwira ntchito pa mankhwalawo, ali ndi cholinga chomwecho cha mankhwala, momwemonso zochizira. Nicotinamide imaphatikizidwa ndi kukonzekera:

• mapiritsi ndi jekeseni wa niacinamide
• Nikonacid
• Mapiritsi ndi Nicotinamide Solution,
• Apelagrin,
• Niacin
• Nikoverin
• Nicotinic acid Bufus kapena Vial,
• Enduracin.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito nicotinic acid

Malinga ndi kufotokozerako, vitamini PP ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mapiritsi (mkamwa mukatha kudya) ndi ma ampoules (kholo). Monga prophylaxis, akuluakulu amayikidwa 0,015-0.025 g patsiku. Pamene pellagra amatengedwa masiku 15-20, 0,1 g 2-4 nthawi / tsiku, kapena jekeseni ndi 1% yankho la 1 ml kawiri pa tsiku kwa masiku 10-15. Matenda ena, akulu amatenga 0,1 g ya mankhwalawa patsiku. Ngati palibe mavuto, mankhwalawa atherosulinosis ndi lipid metabolism, mlingo umodzi utha kuwonjezeka mpaka 1 g, ndipo tsiku lililonse mpaka 4 g.

Vitamini PP pamapiritsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kwakanthawi komanso kupewa matenda. Poyambirira, akulimbikitsidwa kuti atengedwe mu nthawi yophukira ndi yophukira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto oyenda ozungulira. Amaloledwa kumwa mapiritsi a 1-2 katatu patsiku, pamene akukonzekera methionine kuti ateteze chiwindi. Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi acidity yowonjezera m'matumbo, mankhwalawa amatengedwa pambuyo chakudya, osambitsidwa ndi madzi amchere kapena mkaka ofunda.

Ngati mumamwa mapiritsi musanadye, izi zimatha kusokoneza: kuyaka m'mimba, nseru. Mlingo umatengera zaka, kulemera ndi matenda:

• kupewa, mpaka 25 mg / tsiku amatengedwa,
• ndi mawonekedwe a pellagra 100 mg katatu / tsiku patadutsa masiku 15-20,
• ndi atherosulinosis 2-3 / tsiku, Mlingo wa 3-4,
• vuto la mafuta, mu sabata yoyamba amatenga 500 mg nthawi imodzi, wachiwiri kawiri, katatu, katatu, maphunzirowa ndi miyezi 2,5,
• kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins okwera, ayenera kumwedwa 1 g / tsiku,
• kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima 500-1000 mg / tsiku,
• maphunziro a mankhwala mobwerezabwereza pamwezi.

Mutha kulowetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, jekeseni wama intaneti kapena jakisoni. Mabakisoni a Nicotinic acid amalowetsedwa m'mitsempha pang'onopang'ono, mu ndege, m'malo azachipatala chifukwa choopsa cha zovuta zina. Jakisoni wotsekemera komanso mu mnofu amaloledwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito payokha. Ndizowawa kwambiri, chifukwa chake muyenera kusankha malo oyenera.

Madera abwino kwambiri opangira jakisoni ndi mbali yakumapeto ya ntchafu, kutsogolo kwa ntchafu, khoma lam'mimba lakutsogolo chifukwa chosalemera kwambiri, kumtunda kwa chakumaso kwa bulu. Ndi subcutaneous makonzedwe, ndibwino kuti mugwere kutsogolo ndi khoma lakutsogolo kwam'mimba. Gwiritsani ntchito jakisoni wa intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous ingakhale yankho la 1.5 kapena 2,5%, kutumikiridwa kamodzi pa tsiku. Mlingo umatengera mtundu wamatenda:

• ndi matenda a pellagra ndi kuchepa - 50 mg kudzera kapena mu mnofu 100 mg katatu / tsiku kwa masiku 10-15,
• ndi ischemic stroke - 100-500 mg m'mitsempha,
• ndi matenda ena ndipo ana amagwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi.

Momwe mungabayitsire intramuscularly

Mukasankha malo, ndikupukuta ndi antiseptic, jambulani yankho mu syringe, masulani madontho ochepa, ndikukweza ndi singano kuti atulutsire thovu, ndikupanga jekeseni, kuchitira malo opumira ndi mowa kapena chlorhexidine. Pa jakisoni aliyense, sankhani malo atsopano, kuchokapo kuchokera pa masentimita 1-1.5. Wobayidwa mu mnofu umachitika motere: ikani singano kwambiri, pang'onopang'ono piston ndikutulutsa yankho.

Niacin pa mimba ndi mkaka wa m`mawere

Ngati mimba ikuchitika bwino, mavitamini PP sanasankhidwe. Mu nkhani ya kudalira mankhwala, angapo mimba, kusokonezeka kwa placenta, matenda a chiwindi ndi biliary thirakiti, mankhwala akuwonetsa ntchito. Mukanyamula mwana, mankhwalawo amachotsa kuphipha, kusintha magazi, kumachepetsa mamasukidwe ake. Vitamini B3 imalepheretsa mapangidwe wamagazi, kufalikira kwa ziwiya za placenta, kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha kufa kwa fetal komanso kubadwa msanga. Kuonjezera mkaka wa m'mawere, mapiritsi akuwonetsedwa, koma mosamala ndikuwunika momwe mwanayo alili.

Gwiritsani ntchito ana

Mpaka zaka ziwiri, kumwa vitamini B3 wambiri kumapangidwa ndi ana. Mwana akhoza kupatsidwa piritsi la mtundu wa mankhwalawo, pakamwa atatha kudya ndi zakumwa zozizilitsa, madzi amchere. Mlingo umatengera cholinga:

• kupewa - 0.005-0.02 g patsiku,
• ndi pellagra - 0,005-0.05 g katatu patsiku,
• matenda ena - 0,005-0.03 g 2-3 pa tsiku.

Nicotinic acid ndi mowa

Ochita ndi asayansi amadziwa kuledzera kwa vitamini B3. Zimathandizira kuchotsa zinthu zapoizoni m'thupi, kumanga ma radicals aulere, zimalepheretsa zovuta za maselo a ziwalo ndi ziwalo. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pothandiza kuthetsa matenda a hangover, mankhwalawa amamwa mowa mwauchidakwa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuwonekera pazinthu zovulaza kuntchito.

Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Musanalembe vitamini PP, auzeni dokotala ngati mukumwa mankhwala ena aliwonse chifukwa ndi omwe ali ndi izi:

• akaphatikizidwa ndi fibrinolytics, mtima glycosides ndi antispasmodics, zimathandizira zotsatira,
• Pamene mukumwa mankhwala a barbiturates, neomycin, sulfonamides, anti-TB limodzi ndi chiwopsezo chowopsa.
• zimawonjezera zoopsa zoyipa mukamagwiritsa ntchito antihypertensive mankhwala, aspirin, anticoagulants,
• nicotinic acid amayamba poizoni ndi mankhwala ochepetsa lipid.
• amachepetsa kuopsa kwa zotsatira zamankhwala osokoneza bongo polimbana ndi matenda ashuga.

Kuyenderana ndi mowa

Malinga ndi malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito vitamini B3, sagwirizana ndi mowa, mankhwala omwe amaphatikizapo ethanol. Zowopsa ndizochulukitsa wazakudya za chiwindi, kuchepa kwa mayamwidwe a bile acid. Ndikofunika kuti musamamwe zakumwa zoledzeretsa komanso mankhwalawa mukamamwa mankhwalawo.

Contraindication

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito vitamini B3 mu ampoules ndi mapiritsi ali ndi zisonyezo zotsutsana:

• mitundu yoopsa ya matenda oopsa, atherosulinosis (kudzera m'mitsempha),
• Hypersensitivity pazigawo,
• Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kumawopseza matenda a chiwindi chamafuta (mutha kuthana ndi izi ndikuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi methionine, kukonzekera kwa methionine kapena zotsatira za lipotropic)

Malangizo apadera

Pikisoni yomwe ili mkati mwa piritsi lililonse la chikonga lili ndi malangizo apadera omwe amayenera kuonedwa mukamamwa mankhwala:

• Mlingo wambiri wa vitamini umapangidwa pakakhala pakati, poyamwitsa,
• Mankhwala, chiwindi chimayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse,
• gwiritsani ntchito nicotinic acid mosamala vuto la hyperacid gastritis, zilonda zam'mimba zimayambitsa matenda am'mimba, hepatitis, cirrhosis, matenda osokoneza bongo,
• kukonza dyslipidemia mu matenda ashuga sikugwiritsidwa ntchito,
• pakuyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimakhala zamafuta, shuga, uric acid amawunikira,
• Kugwiritsira ntchito nthawi yayitali kumatha kuwononga mavitamini C

Malinga ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mawonekedwe ofananira a mankhwala omwe amawunikira amasiyanitsidwa, omwe ali ndi zofanana ndi zochizira, zopangidwa ndi opanga a m'nyumba kapena akunja:

• Niacin
• Nicotinic acid Bufus kapena Vial,
• Enduracin,
• Apelagrin,
• Liplit
• Nikodon
• Nikonacid
• Nicotene
• Nikovit
• Peviton
• Vitaplex.

Kukonzekera kwa Vitamini B3 mutha kugula m malo ogulitsira pa intaneti kapena kuyitanitsidwa kudzera pa kalogiyo kudzera pa pharmacy. Mtengo umatengera mtundu wa kumasulidwa, wopanga. Mitengo yoyandikira:

Chifukwa chiyani amalembera mavuto amtima?

Mothandizidwa ndi nicotinic acid, kupanga mapangidwe otsika a lipoprotein maofesi, omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa azikhala ochepa. Mphamvu yotsutsa-atherogenic imawonekeranso ndi kusintha kwa cholesterol yathunthu (mwezi umodzi), triglycerides (tsiku loyamba la kuloledwa). Kuchulukitsa kwa milomo ya lipoprotein yapamwamba kwambiri, yomwe imateteza kulumikizana kwam'kati mwa mitsempha kuti isalumikizidwe ndi zolembera.

Njira ya mankhwalawa imalepheretsa kupitilira kwa myocardial ischemia ndi kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yomwe imadyetsa ziwalo zamkati.

Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima chifukwa cha izi:

• ali ndi vuto losakhazikika,
• imathandizira kufalikira kwatsatanetsatane ndikutsata ma PC,
• amaletsa mapangidwe a magazi.

Mankhwala akuwonetsa angina pectoris, makamaka ndi vasospastic mitundu yake, dyslipidemia, angiopathy.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi, intramuscularly

Muyenera kumwa mapiritsi mwamphamvu mukatha kudya. Odwala ambiri, akagwidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, amakhala ndi khungu lopepuka komanso kutentha kwamkati, pamakhala kupweteka kwam'mimba komanso kutentha kwa mtima. Mlingo wa prophylactic ndi 25-50 mg, ndipo ndi pellagra umakulitsidwa mpaka 100 mg. Mlingo wambiri watsiku ndi tsiku ndi 500 mg.

Kwa odwala ena omwe ali ndi atherosulinosis, dokotalayo angalimbikitse kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono - kuchokera 50 mg pambuyo pa chakudya chamadzulo ndi kuphatikiza kwa 50 mg mpaka 2-3 g ya nicotinic acid patsiku, pokhapokha ngati ndizolekerera bwino. Mitsempha, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa ischemic stroke, 1 ml ya 1% yankho patsiku. Madontho omwe amachepetsa mankhwalawa amalamulidwa tsiku lililonse kapena tsiku lililonse masiku 10 mpaka 15.

Jakisoni wamanjenje ndi subcutaneous amatha kupweteketsa kwambiri, kotero nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito, m'malo mwa Xanthinol ndi nicotinate.

Kanema wothandiza

Wonerani vidiyoyi chifukwa cha nicotinic acid:

Ngati mwadzidzidzi kulira, kupweteka poyenda, ndiye kuti zizindikirazi zitha kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa matenda a m'matumbo am'munsi. Mukadwala matendawa, omwe amadutsa m'magawo anayi, ntchito yodulira ingafunike. Ndi njira ziti zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito?

Ndikotheka kusankha kukonzekera kwa ziwiya zamutu pokhapokha ndi dokotala yemwe amapita, chifukwa akhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, palinso zovuta komanso zotsutsana. Kodi mankhwala abwino kwambiri a vasodilation ndi chithandizo cha mitsempha ndi ati?

Ngati pali prerequisites, ndiye mankhwala okhawo othandizira kupewa stroko omwe angathandize kupewa tsoka. Kupewa koyambirira komanso kwachiwiri kwa abambo ndi amayi kumaphatikiza mankhwala ochizira matenda oyambira, mapiritsi, kuphatikizapo zizolowezi, komanso mankhwala ochizira matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda a hemorrhagic. Kodi pulogalamu yodziletsa payekhapayekha ndi iti? Chifukwa chiyani mukufunika glycine, Asipirin, ma statins pambuyo pa sitiroko. Kodi sukulu yopewa kukonzekera ndi iti? Momwe mungapewere kukhudzana ndi sitiroko poyamba pomwe pazomwe mungatenge. Zoyenera kuchita ndizosatheka.

Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa magazi, omwe mankhwala oikidwa ndi dokotala amachitika mokwanira. Kodi mumapezeka kuti?

Ngati aortic atherosulinosis yapezeka, njira zina zothandizira zingathandize kuthana ndi vutoli. Njira zothandizira mtima zimatha kuchita zodabwitsa, koma ziyenera kutengedwa mwanzeru

Kusankha pochiza komanso kupewa ma fibrate kapena ma statins, omwe angapangidwe ndi dokotala. Mwachitsanzo, ndi matenda a mtima, corin ndiyabwino. Kulandila kophatikizanso nthawi zina kumakhala kovomerezeka.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga, cholesterol, kuthamanga kwa magazi, zizolowezi zoipa, kufukiza kwa atherosulinosis kumayamba. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira nthawi yayitali ya BCA, mitsempha ya m'mimba ndi carotid, ziwiya zamagawo am'munsi, matenda amtundu wamatumbo, komanso zovuta kuchitira.

Ngati matenda a angina okhazikika atakhazikitsidwa, chithandizo chizitsogozedwa koyambirira pazomwe zimayambitsa vuto, mwachitsanzo, matenda a mtima. Mankhwala othandizira khola la angina pectoris amachitika kuchipatala.

General atherosulinosis imayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi. Atherosulinosis yosadziwika imasiyanitsidwanso. Matendawa ndi owopsa chifukwa amatha kupha.

Tebulo la Tsiku ndi Tsiku la Nikotinic

Kusamala kuyenera kuchitidwa pophatikizidwa ndi mankhwala a antihypertensive, anticoagulants, ndi ASA.

Amachepetsa kawopsedwe a neomycin ndikuletsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndi HDL yoyambitsidwira nayo.

Popewa matenda a PP hypovitaminosis, zakudya zoyenera ndizofunikira kwambiri; Zakudya zopezeka ndi vitamini PP ndi yisiti, chiwindi, mtedza, mazira, mkaka, nsomba, nkhuku, nyama, nyemba, nyemba zosakhazikika, masamba obiriwira, mtedza wapansi, zakudya zilizonse za protein zomwe zimakhala ndi tryptophan. Kutentha kwamkaka sikusintha zomwe zili ndi vitamini PP mmenemo.

Mukafuna chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali (makamaka mukapatsidwa mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati vitamini), ndikofunikira kuwongolera ntchito ya chiwindi. Pofuna kupewa zovuta ku chiwindi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muphatikize zakudya zomwe zili ndi methionine (tchizi cha kanyumba) m'zakudya, kapena gwiritsani ntchito methionine, lipoic acid ndi mankhwala ena a lipotropic.

Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kukonza dyslipidemia mwa odwala matenda a shuga.

Kuti muchepetse kukhumudwitsa kwa mucosa wam'mimba, mankhwalawa amalimbikitsidwa kuti atsukidwe mkaka.

Ufa, mapiritsi a 0,05 g (mwanjira ya mankhwala), 1.7% sodium nicotinate solution (yofanana ndi 1% nicotinic acid) mu 1 ml ampoules.

Chifukwa nicotinic acid ndi wothandiza

Zabwino zopindulitsa za nikotini acid zimagawidwa mthupi lonse, mosasamala kanthu za chikhalidwe chake chogonana, zaka komanso chikhalidwe. Amathandizira kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa mtima komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa m'magazi, potero amaletsa kukula kwa matenda a mtima.

Kuphatikiza apo, nicotinic acid imathandizira kagayidwe, imakhutitsa maselo ndi mpweya ndikupanga mitsempha yamagazi, yomwe imakhudza bwino thanzi la odwala matenda oopsa. Zimakuthandizaninso kuti muchotse tinnitus, chizungulire komanso mutu. Kuphatikiza apo, imathandizira ntchito za chiwindi ndikuchiyeretsa pakuvulaza poizoni ndi poizoni, motero imagwira ntchito ngati njira yothanirana ndi poizoni.

Koma zopindulitsa zomwe zili ndi vitamini B3 sizimathera pamenepo. Niacin yatsimikizira kukhala yopindulitsa kwa amayi. Chofunika kwambiri chinali kugwiritsa ntchito vitamini B3 pakubwezeretsa kapangidwe ka tsitsi. Imalimbitsanso zotengera za scalp, ndikuwonjezera kukula kwake: maselo amakhala atadzaza ndi mpweya komanso zopindulitsa zina, pamakhala kuchuluka kwa magazi kuma follicles a tsitsi, chifukwa chake amakula mwachangu ndikulimba.

Mankhwala a Nicotinic aanthu alibenso phindu. Popeza, pakati pazinthu zina zothandiza, nicotinamide imatha kuyendetsa kayendetsedwe kazinthu zoyenda mozungulira, kuzitenga ngati mankhwala zimakhala ndi phindu pa potency ndi chilakolako chogonana. Acid iyi imathandizira pakukula kwa tsitsi ndipo imagwira ntchito ngati mankhwala othandizira alopecia.

Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala opindulitsa a nicotinic acid amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, monga pellagra, neuritis ndi ena.

Zowonetsa ntchito nicotinic acid

Ngakhale nicotinic acid imakhalapo pagulu limodzi kapena lina mumagulu ambiri amgulu lamagulu azakudya, pali magulu apadera a anthu omwe mankhwalawo amalembedwa ngati mankhwala. Magawo awa akuphatikizapo anthu omwe akuvutika ndi:

• pellagra
• zovuta zam'mimba
• aakulu a chiwindi
• neuritis
• matenda a chiwindi,
• spasms mtsempha wamagazi
• zilonda zammbuyo zazitali.

Komabe, ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi matenda omwe ali pamwambapa sayenera kudzilimbitsa okha ndi kumwa mankhwalawo pawokha. Pofuna kuti bizinesiyo ibweretse phindu lalikulu, muyenera kukambirana kaye ndi katswiri.

Kudya tsiku lililonse nicotinic acid

Monga mankhwala aliwonse okhala ndi thanzi, nicotinamide iyenera kudyedwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo kuti mavitamini asayambe kuvulaza.

Kwa munthu wamkulu wathanzi, kuchuluka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumatsimikiziridwa pamlingo wa 6.6 mg pa calories 1000, omwe ali ofanana ndi 15 - 25 mg patsiku, kutengera ndi moyo.

Ana kuyambira chaka chimodzi mpaka zaka 6 ayenera kumwa 10 - 12 mg ya nicotinic acid tsiku lililonse, komanso zaka 10 mpaka 13 - 15 - 19 mg. Achinyamata osakwana zaka 18 amafuna 20 mg wa vitamini A patsiku.

Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa nicotinic acid m'thupi

Popeza nicotinic acid imabweretsa zabwino zambiri, ndizachilengedwe kuti kusowa kwake kumatha kuvulaza thupi. Chifukwa chake, ndikusowa kwa vitamini B3, Zizindikiro zingapo za kuperewera kwa Vitamini zimayamba:

• ulesi, mphwayi,
• kutopa,
• kusowa kwa chakudya
• mutu
• kukumbukira ndi kusasamala,
• mavuto atulo
• zovuta m'mimba
• kusakhazikika
• zinthu zisanakhale zovuta.

Cholinga cha kuchepa kwa vitamini B3 chingakhale:

• kudya kwambiri shuga
• kusuta
• kumwa Mlingo waukulu wa leucine,
• uchidakwa.

Zizindikiro zake pamwambazi zimathetsedwa ndi mapiritsi kapena jakisoni wa nicotinamide.

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe zimakhala ndi nicotinic acid?

Mwachilengedwe chake, nicotinic acid amapezeka muzakudya zambiri zam'mera. Vitamini B3 yambiri ili ndi:

• mbewu monga chimanga (mkate, mpunga ndi tirigu, ufa),
• mtedza ndi mbewu (mtedza, mbewu za mpendadzuwa, nthangala za sesame),
• bowa (shiitake, bowa wa uchi, champignons)
• nyemba (soya, nandolo, mphodza),
• masamba achikasu ndi ofiira (mbatata, phwetekere, tsabola belu),
• zipatso zouma (ma apricots zouma, ma prunes).

Nthawi yomweyo, nicotinic acid ya nyemba imakumwa ndi thupi bwino.

Pazinthu zanyama, nicotinic acid imapezeka mwa nicotinamide. Itha kupezeka:

• mu chiwindi cha ng'ombe
• mazira a nkhuku
• zopangidwa mkaka
• nsomba (nsomba, nsomba zamkati, nsomba).

Chuma chapadera cha nicotinamide ndi kuthekera kwake kusungabe katundu wake wopindulitsa pa kutentha kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndizoyenera kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana.

M'mapiritsi

Kuti nicotinic acid mapiritsi abweretse phindu labwino, ndikofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito pokhapokha mukauzidwa ndi dokotala. Mapiritsi ambiri amatengedwa mankhwalawa pellagra mukatha kudya. Mlingo wa mankhwalawa umasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zaka. Chifukwa chake, achikulire amakulamulidwa 0,1 g katatu pa tsiku, kwa ana 0,02-0.05 mg katatu patsiku. Njira ya chithandizo pamenepa ndi kuyambira pa milungu iwiri mpaka itatu.

Ngati matenda a ischemic, spasms ya ziwiya zamiyendo, gastritis yotsika acidity ndi zovuta zina, nicotinamide imayikidwa kwa achikulire nthawi imodzi pa 0,05 - 0,1 g mwezi umodzi.

M'mapulogalamu obayira

Ubwino wa jakisoni wa nicotinic acid umadziwika ndi pellagra, matenda a Raynaud ndi hypovitaminosis. Poyamba, jekeseni imachitika kudzera m'mitsempha, mu mnofu kapena modutsa 1 ml ya yankho la 1% 2 mpaka katatu pa tsiku. Maphunzirowa amapitilira masiku 10 mpaka 15. Zowonetsa zina, mlingo umasinthidwa kukhala 10 mg 1 mpaka 2 pa tsiku nthawi yomweyo.

Mphamvu za nicotinic acid zimathandizanso ku matenda a Hartnup, omwe amathandizidwanso ndi jakisoni. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa pano kumasiyana 40 mpaka 200 mg patsiku.

Asidi wa Nikotinic wa kuwonda

Niacin ikhoza kukhala thandizo labwino kwa anthu omwe akufuna kuchepa thupi. Imachepetsa kagayidwe kake ndikuthandizira chiwindi ku poizoni wowopsa, potero zimapangitsa kuti thupi lisamavutike kuwononga mafuta. Imakonzanso njira za chimbudzi, ndichifukwa chake m'mimba imagwira bwino, michere imatengeka kwambiri, chifukwa chake, mukufuna kudya zochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, vitamini B3 imakhala ndi zinthu zotsutsana ndi kupsinjika ndipo imathetsa mavuto amanjenje, omwe nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi kudya kwambiri, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kuchepetsa thupi ndikosapeweka.

Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti nicotinic acid yokhayo si njira yochepetsera thupi ndipo imabweretsa zotsatira zofunikira pokhapokha pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kudya moyenera.

Kukula kwa tsitsi

Nicotinic acid imapindulira thanzi la tsitsi, yofooketsedwa ndi kusowa kwa michere, chisamaliro chosayenera, kupsinjika kapena nyengo. Kubwezeretsa kuwala ku tsitsi ndikukhazikitsa ntchito, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta:

1. Mukangosamba, nicotinamide yankho la 2 ampoules imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku scalp. Nthawi yomweyo, massaging massa amachitika ndikupaka mankhwalawo pang'ono ndikuzika.
2. Osatulutsa madzi. Pambuyo pa njirayi, simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito tsitsi lopakidwa kwa mphindi 30. Gwiritsani ntchito chigoba tsiku lililonse kwa masiku 15.

Potsutsa tsitsi

Popeza katundu wa nicotinic acid amathandiza kulimbana ndi tsitsi, anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amayenera kuyesa chophimba:

1. Ampamu amodzi a nicotinamide amasakanikirana ndi 1 ampoule a vitamini A komanso kuchuluka kwa vitamini E.
2. Aphatikizeni ndi 2 tbsp. l mafuta a flaxseed ndi 1 dzira yolk.
3. Zidazi zimasakanikirana ndikuzipaka pachikutu. Kuchokera pamwamba valani chipewa cha terry kapena kapu yofunda.
4. Pakatha ola limodzi, chigoba chimatsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda. Shampoo ndiosankha.

Kwa dandruff

Asidi wa Nicotinic amachotsa dandruff. Kukonzekera chigoba cha matenda:

1. Choyamba konzekerani kusamba kwa madzi. Propolis imathiridwa ndimadzi pang'ono ndikuwiritsa pamoto wapakatikati kwa mphindi 20.
2. Njira yothetsera vutoli idakhazikika komanso kusefedwa.
3. Madzi a Aloe amasakanizidwa ndi nicotinic acid. Onjezani msuzi wa phula.
4. Kuphatikizikako kumatsukidwa kumizu ndikusiyidwa kwa mphindi 30.
5. Kenako muzisamba ndi madzi ofunda ndi shampu wofatsa.

Kwa khungu

Nicotinamide ilinso ndi zinthu zobwezerezedwanso, chifukwa zimagwira ngati chida chabwino pakhungu lamavuto. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri imakhala gawo la masks odana ndi kukalamba. Kuti muchite izi:

1. Dzira limodzi loyera limaphatikizidwa ndi 1 tsp. uchi ndi 2 tbsp. l zamkati nthochi.
2. Vitamini B3 imawonjezeredwa ndikuphatikizidwa mpaka yosalala.
3. Lemberani kumaso kwa mphindi 15. Ndondomeko ziyenera kuchitika zosaposa 2 pa sabata.

Kodi nicotinic acid akhoza kukhala ndi pakati ndi kuyamwa

Niacin itha kukhala yopindulitsa kwa amayi panthawi yoyembekezera komanso yoyamwitsa. Kukhalapo kokwanira kwa vitamini B3 pakokha ndi gawo lofunikira pakukula kwakakhazikika kwa mwana wosabadwayo ndikuwongolera thanzi la amayi. Chifukwa chake, amayi omwe ali ndi vuto lapadera amalangizidwa kwambiri kuti azidya zakudya zokhala ndi nicotinamide.

Koma kumwa Vitamini B3 m'mapiritsi ngati zakudya zowonjezera mkaka wa pakati ndi pakati kumatsutsana kwambiri.

Kugwiritsa ntchito nicotinic acid kwa ana

Zomwe nicotinamide imatha kupindula osati achikulire okha, komanso mwana. Komabe, momwe amapangira mapiritsi kapena jakisoni, amalimbikitsidwa kumwa pokhapokha ngati muli ndi zaka 10, popeza kuchuluka kwambiri kwa zinthuzo kumatha kuyambitsa chifuwa. Ana ang'onoang'ono azikhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mavitamini B3 omwe amalandila tsiku lililonse ndi chakudya, malinga ngati zakudya za anawo zili zoyenera.

Kugwirizana kwa nicotinic acid ndi mankhwala ena

Mosamala, nicotinic acid wokhala ndi mankhwala ena ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Makamaka, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala aliwonse omwe amafunidwa kuti aletse kupanga kwa magazi, chifukwa nicotinamide ili ndi katundu wofanana ndipo, kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala ofananawo, imatha kuyambitsa magazi.

Vitamini B3 simalimbikitsidwanso kuti iphatikizidwe ndi othandizira omwe amathandizira kuthamanga kwa magazi - izi zimangowonjezera zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pake. Zomwezi zimagwiranso ntchito pa antispasmodics.

Kugwirizana kwa nicotinic acid ndi mankhwala antidiabetic, m'malo mwake, zimalepheretsa phindu lililonse la kuchepetsa shuga.

Kuphatikiza apo, nicotinamide siyiphatikizidwa ndi zinthu izi:

• mavitamini B2 ndi B6,
• Eufilin
• salicylates
• mchiyama
• hydrocortisone.

Zotsatira zoyipa za nicotinic acid ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Ngakhale kuganizira zabwino zonse za nicotinamide ndi kusakhalapo kwathunthu pazinthu zoyipa kwa anthu ambiri, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti nthawi zina, kugwiritsa ntchito vitamini B3 kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zosasangalatsa kwa thupi. Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwalawa zimaphatikizapo:

• thupi lawo siligwirizana
• chizungulire
• urticaria
• khungu
• kumva kutentha osasintha kutentha kwa thupi,
• kutayika kwakanthawi kwakanthawi m'malo ena a thupi,
• kumverera kwa dzanzi.

Zizindikirozi sizifunikira chithandizo ndipo zimatha msanga pambuyo pakuchepa kwa vitamini B3 kapena kuchoka kwathunthu. Komabe, kunyalanyaza kwanthawi yayitali za zizindikiro zoyambirira kumatha kubweretsa vuto lalikulu ku thanzi, mwachitsanzo:

• mafuta amchiwindi,
• Hyperuricemia
• kuchepa mphamvu ya thupi pokonza shuga.

Koma popeza zovuta zonsezi zili, pamlingo wina kapena wina, zokhudzana ndi kugwira ntchito kwa chiwindi, ndizotheka kuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kutenga nicotinic acid powonjezera mbale zomwe zili ndi methionine yayikulu pazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku. "Poshekhonsky" tchizi, nsomba zam'nyanja, ma turkey ndi ma almond mu zakudya zingathandize kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito popanda chithandizo china chowonjezera.

Pomaliza

Phindu ndi zovuta za nicotinic acid zimadalira mwachindunji. Chiwerengero chowerengera moyenera cha mankhwalawa chikuwonetsa zofunikira zake pogwira ntchito, koma pokhapokha ngati wodwala amupatsa mankhwala. Kudzichiritsa nokha kumatha kumuvulaza munthu ndikukulitsa matenda omwe alipo.

Udindo wa nikotini acid munjira yachilengedwe

Udindo wachilengedwe wa nicotinic acid umalumikizidwa ndi kutenga nawo mbali pomanga ma coenzymes awiri - NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) ndi NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), omwe ali gawo la michere yofunika kwambiri ya redox. Ma coenzymes (coenzymes) ndi ma organic achilengedwe ena ofunikira pakuthandizira kwa michere. Ma coenzymes amakhala ngati onyamula ma elekitironi, ma atomu kuchokera kumtundu umodzi kupita ku wina.

Vitamini PP imamangiriza mapuloteni ndikupanga ma enzyme angapo mazana angapo nawo. Ma enzymes a nicotinic acid amapanga "mlatho" womwe maatomu a hydrogen amatumizidwa ku "bokosi lamoto". "Sto" mabiliyoni amatayidwa m'maselo a thupi ndikuthandizira kuti amasulidwe amoto, mafuta ndi mapuloteni azakudya.

Nicotinic acid imakhudzidwa mwachindunji machitidwe a kubereka oxidation ndi metabolism ya mphamvu. Pokhala gawo la NAD ndi NADP, imalimbikitsa kutulutsa mphamvu mu chakudya, kapangidwe ka DNA, ndikuwongolera machitidwe a kupuma kwama cellular.
Niacin amatenga mbali pazinthu zotsatirazi:

• kupuma ma ma cell, mphamvu yama ma cell,
• magazi
• chakudya, mafuta, mapuloteni kagayidwe,
• mzimu
• loto
• ntchito yamtima
• kayendedwe ka cholesterol
• minofu
• minofu yolumikizika
• kupanga madzi ammimba,
• kugaya chakudya thirakiti.

Niacin amathandizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mapuloteni am'mimba m'thupi, imagwirizanitsa chinsinsi ndi ntchito yam'mimba, kukonza chobisalira ndi madzi a pancreatic madzi, ndikuwonjezera chiwindi.

Pafupifupi ma nicotinic acid onse omwe amapezeka m'maselo ndi madzi amthupi amaperekedwa ngati nicotinamide.

Zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi nikotini acid

Gwero lenileni la nicotinic acid m'thupi la munthu ndi zinthu zachilengedwe:

• ziwalo zanyama - chiwindi, impso, minofu, mtima,
• mitundu ina ya nsomba - sardine, mackerel, tuna, nsomba, halibut, swordfish, cod.

Mbewu za chimanga, buledi wa tirigu wathunthu, mpunga ndi tirigu, nthangala zouma, bowa, amondi, nandolo wobiriwira, phwetekere, tsabola wokoma, mbatata, soya ndi wolemera nicotinic acid. Malo abwino kwambiri othandizira kuchepa kwa nicotinic acid ndi yisiti ya ophika mkate.

Gome 1 imapereka zinthu zomwe nicotinic acid imapezeka kwambiri.
Gome 1

Ubwino wa mavitamini pazinthu zimangotengera kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimakhala ndi nicotinic acid, komanso mitundu yomwe akukhalamo. Chifukwa chake, m'miyendo imayamwa mosavuta, ndipo kuchokera ku chimanga (rye, tirigu) mavitamini samapezeka.

M'matupi amanyama, nicotinic acid amapezeka makamaka mwa nicotinamide, muzomera - nicotinic acid. Vitamini PP amalumikizidwa m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndikudya thupi.

Niacin ndi amodzi mwa omwe amalimbikira kwambiri posungira, kuphika, kusunga mavitamini. Kutentha kwambiri pakuphika ndi kuwaza pafupifupi sikukhudza zomwe zili mumtengowo. Vitamini PP imagonjetsedwa ndi zovuta za kuwala, oxygen, alkalis. Sizitaya nthawi yachilengedwe pakamera kozizira komanso kuyanika kwa zinthu. Mankhwala aliwonse, kutayika konse kwa nicotinic acid sikudutsa 15 - 20%.

Nicotinic acid pang'ono amatha kupanga kuchokera ku amino acid tryptophan yofunika. Komabe, njirayi siyothandiza - kuchokera mamolekyu ambiri a tryptophan, molekyu imodzi yokha ya vitamini imapangidwa. Komabe, zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi tryptophan (mkaka, dzira) zimatha kulipirira kusakwanira kwa kudya kwa nicotinamide ku chakudya.

Zofunikira tsiku lililonse za vitamini

Asidi wa Nikotinic mwa ana ndi achinyamata tsiku lililonse amafunikira:

• 5 mpaka 6 mg wosakwanitsa chaka chimodzi,
• 10 mpaka 13 mg wa ana kuyambira chaka chimodzi mpaka zaka 6,
• 15-19 mg wazaka 7 mpaka 12,
• 20 mg kwa achinyamata kuyambira zaka 13 mpaka 15.

Pa ma calorie 1000 aliwonse omwe amadya, akuluakulu amafunika pafupifupi 6.6 mg ya mavitamini. Ndiye kuti, kufunika kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa nikotini acid kwa akulu ndi 15 - 25 mg.
Kufunika kowonjezereka kwa vitamini PP ndikofunikira:

• Omwe amagwira ntchito yayikulu,
• okalamba
• odwala omwe avulala kwambiri ndikuwotchedwa,
• oledzera ndi osokoneza bongo
• anthu omwe akudwala matenda ofooketsa, kuphatikizapo zotupa zoyipa, kuperewera kwa pancreatic, cirrhosis, sprue,
• ndi mavuto amanjenje,
• ana aang'ono obadwa ndi kagayidwe kazakudya (zovuta zobadwa nazo chifukwa cha zotupa mu chromosome set),
• azimayi oyembekezera komanso oyembekezera.

Kumwa shuga wambiri, maswiti, ndi zakumwa zina za shuga kumapangitsa kuti nicotinic acid itayike. Nikotini amachepetsa mayamwidwe a vitamini PP. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi cha nikotini amathanso kuyamwa.

Tryptophan ndi nicotinic acid akusowa chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali.

Hypovitaminosis ndi hypervitaminosis

Ndi kudya kosakwanira kwa nicotinic acid mwa munthu, zizindikiro zotsatirazi za hypovitaminosis zimayamba: kutopa kwambiri, kufooka, kusayang'anira, kuchepa kwa ntchito, kusowa tulo, kulephera kudya, kuchepa thupi, kupweteka mutu, kusazindikira bwino, kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira, kugaya mtima, kukwiya, kukhumudwa.

Kuperewera kwachiwiri kwa nicotinic acid kumachitika m'matenda angapo am'matumbo, mitsempha, matupa a ziwongo, poyizoni wakupha, benzene, thallium.

Zizindikiro zakuchedwa za kuchepa kwa asidi ndi matenda a pellagra.

Mu zolengedwa zoyamwitsa, mitundu ya hypervitaminosis (mavitamini apamwamba a vitamini PP) sakanayambitsa. Masitolo a Nicotinic acid sadziunjikira mu minofu. Zowonjezera zake zimatulutsidwa nthawi yomweyo mumkodzo. Nkhani zambiri za nicotinic acid zimatha kutsagana ndi kutentha kwa khungu.

Kuzindikira kwa nicotinic acid kupereka

Chizindikiro cha kuperekedwa kwa thupi la munthu ndi vitamini PP ndiko kuchotsa kwa zinthu zazikulu za nicotinic acid metabolism ndi mkodzo - N-methylnicotinamide ndi methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxiamide. Nthawi zambiri, 7-12 mg ndi zotupa patsiku ndi mkodzo.

Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa chimbudzi ndi mkodzo asidi kumawonetsa kuperewera kwa thupi ndi vitamini PP komanso kuthekera kotukuka kwa vitamini. Kuchuluka kwa metabolites a nicotinic acid ndi nicotinamide kumawonjezeka kwambiri ndi kudya kwambiri.

Chofunika kwambiri ndikuphunzira za kuchuluka kwa N-methylnicotinamide mutatsitsa ndi nicotinic acid kapena nicotinamide. Uwu ndiye njira yokhayo yodziwira momwe thupi limaperekera vitaminiyi. Mulingo wa Vitamini PP wokha kapena mafomu ake a coenzyme m'magazi sangakhale wopanga chisankho, chifukwa ngakhale ndi pellagra yowawa kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndizosiyana ndizomwe zimagwira mwa anthu athanzi.

Kuyesa kwelebhu kuti mupeze nicotinic acid akusowa urinalysis No. 1 kwa methylnicatinamide ndi urinalysis wa 2-pyridone / No. 1 ya methylnicatinamide.

Zotsatira zoyesa sizikhala zokopa nthawi zonse.

Njira zamankhwala zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa nicotinic acid zimaphatikizira momwe mungadziwire nicotinic acid wokhala ndi bromine ya cyanide.

Nicotinic acid ndi nicotinamide mu matenda amtima

Chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo ndi kufa panthawi yanjala ya oxygen (pachimake ischemia) ndikuchepa kwa magetsi. Zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kowonjezera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito (detoxification system, activation of adenosine triphosphates), komanso kusakwanira kwa mapangidwe a mamolekyulu achilengedwe omwe amatha kudziunjikira ndikusunthira mphamvu pazomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nembanemba ya mitochondrial ndi ena.

Kuphatikizika kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi metabolism yamphamvu imasintha kwambiri. Ndi ischemia mu ubongo pamaselo a maselo, kuphatikizika kwa zochita zathupi ndi zochita zapathupi kumayamba:

1. Kupereka kwa magazi ku ubongo kumachepa. Chifukwa chake, kutumizidwa kwa okosijeni kuchokera m'magazi kupita ku maselo kumachepa. Ndipo popeza okosijeni amatenga nawo gawo pamagetsi opanga mphamvu, njala yokhala ndi okosijeni, dziko la hypoxic, imakula. Selo imalephera kutulutsa mphamvu zamagawo angapo.
2. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchepa kwa oksijeni kumayendera limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa zomwe zili adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - gwero lamphamvu.
3. M'magawo omaliza a vuto la okosijeni, kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kwa mphamvu kumakhala kokwanira kuyambitsa zinthu zoyambira ndikusokoneza ntchito zofunika komanso kufa kwa maselo.
4. Kuchulukitsa kwa adenosine monophosphate (AMP) kukuchulukirachulukira. Ndipo iyi ndi njira yowonjezera yowonongera ma membrane a ma cell.
5. Kuphwanya mphamvu kagayidwe kakang'ono kakukula mofulumira. Izi zimabweretsa kufa kwa necrotic cell.
6. Kusintha kwazomwe zimapangidwa ndi ma membrane ndi ma receptor kumayambitsa maselo amodzi mozungulira omwe amayang'ana kuyankha kwa minyewa ya ubongo kuwonongeka. Kuchepa kwambiri kwamitsempha yamagazi m'magazi (chithokomiro chotupa) kumayambitsa zovuta zama genetic zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa chidziwitso chabadwa chamitundu yambiri.
7. Kuchita koyamba kwa minyewa yaubongo kuchepa kwa magazi a mitsempha ndi kuchepa kwa kapangidwe ka mthenga RNA ndi mapuloteni - zochita za poly (ADP-ribosylation) - kusintha kwa mapuloteni. Ma enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) -polymerase (PARP) akuchita nawo izi.
8. Wopatsa ADP-ribose ndi nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD). Enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) -polymerase (PARP) imayamba kugwira ntchito molimbika (nthawi 500 mwamphamvu) kudya nicotinamide, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri zomwe zili mkati mwake. Ndipo popeza nicotinamide dinucleotide imayendetsa machitidwe ofunika mu cell, kusowa kwake kumayambitsa kufa kwa maselo molingana ndi kusintha kwa necrosis.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oteteza kuubongo kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda amisempha mkati mwa nthawi yoletsa magazi kwakanthawi konyamula chotengera. Mwa izi, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amalepheretsa (inhibit) ntchito ya cell enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) -polymerase. Kuponya kokhazikika pamlingo wa nicotinamide kumalepheretsedwa, kupulumuka kwa maselo kumachulukitsidwa. Izi zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu yolumikizana ndi ischemic stroke ndi myocardial infarction.

Pakati pazogwiritsa ntchito zoletsa (zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa njira ya enzymatic process) ndi nicotinamide. Mwapangidwe ndi zochita, ili pafupi ndi nikotini acid, imatenga nawo mbali mthupi la redox. Nicotinamide ali ndi kusankha kwakukulu pa mtundu wa enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) -polymerase. Alinso ndi zovuta zingapo zosakhudza:

• amachita ngati antioxidant,
• zimakhudza kagayidwe kachakudya ka glucose, lipids ndi ma nucleotide,
• timalephera kuphatikiza kwathunthu kwa DNA, RNA ndi mapuloteni.

Nicotinamide imalepheretsa kukula kwa zovuta zama metabolic mu ubongo, imayendetsa ntchito ya mphamvu zama metabolism mu cell, ndikuthandizira kukhalabe ndi mphamvu mu khungu.

Mankhwala osakanikirana omwe amakhala ndi nicotinic acid amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pangozi ya cerebrovascular, infarction ya myocardial, kufalikira kwa endarteritis, matenda a Raynaud, ndiye kuti, nthawi zonse mukachulukitsa kufalikira kwam'magazi komanso kolala (bypass) kwenikweni ndi njira yokhayo yosungira maluso a minyewa.

Kafukufuku woyeserera ndi wazachipatala akuwonetsa kuti vitamini PP imatsitsimutsa ziwiya za m'magazi a spasmodic, chifukwa chake, ndi angina pectoris, nicotinic acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino popanga mankhwala a Nikoverin ndi Nikoshpan.

Mwa kutsegula ma enzymes ena - minofu ya fibrinases, nicotinic acid imathandiza kuwonjezera ntchito ya magazi kuti isungunuke magazi m'mitsempha.

Nicotinic acid amachepetsa cholesterol yamagazi

Njira imodzi yodzitetezera yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi ngozi ya pachimake ya cerebrovascular ndikuchepetsa cholesterol yamagazi. Niacin amaletsa kumasulidwa kwamafuta achilengedwe motero amachepetsa cholesterol yamagazi.

Monga mankhwala ochepetsa lipid, nicotinic acid yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 1955. Pa mlingo waukulu, imakhudzanso kagayidwe ka lipid:

• amalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta mu minyewa ya adipose, yomwe imachepetsa kutumiza kwamafuta achilengedwe kwa chiwindi, ndipo pamapeto pake imalepheretsa kuphatikiza kwa hepatic ya triglycerides ochepa kwambiri ndi lipoproteins (VLDL),
• Kuchulukana kwa VLDL m'magazi,
• amachepetsa zomwe zimakhala ndi lowopoproteins (LDL) m'magazi, ndikufafaniza omwe adalowe m'malo awo - lipoproteins otsika kwambiri,
• kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins yapamwamba (HDL).

Nicotinic acid mu Mlingo wa 3 - 6 g patsiku amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, osachulukitsa lipoprotein ndi 15 - 25% pambuyo pa 3 - 5 milungu yachipatala, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma triglycerides (mamolekyulu amafuta) ochepa kwambiri a lipoprotein 20 - 80% pambuyo pa masiku 1 - 4 , kumawonjezera cholesterol yomwe imakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa lipoprotein ndi 10 - 20%, kumalepheretsa kuwoneka kwa lipoprotein (a).

Odwala amalolera nicotinic acid bwino akamagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yotalikirapo. Awa ndi ma Nicobid Tempule (mapiritsi okhala ndi michere yopanga ndi kutulutsidwa kwapang'onopang'ono), Slo-Niacin (kuphatikiza kwa nicotinic acid wokhala ndi polygel), Enduracin (matrix a sera wotentha wokhala ndi nicotinic acid).

Kulandiridwa kwa nicotinic acid tsiku lililonse 3 mg kapena kuphatikiza mankhwala ena kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa matenda osagwirizana ndi myocardial infarction, stroko, ndikufunika kolowererapo kwa mtima ndi m'mitsempha yamagazi. Odwala omwe amalandira nicotinic acid, pali zizindikiro za regonary atherosulinosis, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa zotupa za atherosulinotic.

Cardiotrophic zotsatira za nicotinic acid

Pogwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza nicotinic acid mu myocardium yowonongeka, zomwe zili mu pyruvic ndi lactic acid zimachepa, pomwe zomwe glycogen ndi adenosine triphosphate zimawonjezeka.

Kuwongolera ma microcirculation powonjezera ma capillaries kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa myocardial. Zotsatira zamachitidwe amtundu wa biochemical, contractile ntchito za myocardium zimathandizanso (mtima wamtima wa nicotinic acid).

Niacin amawonetsa zotsatira za mankhwala azitsamba, omwe mu Mlingo wothandizila amakhala ndi mtima komanso antiarrhythmic zotsatira - glycosides yamtima. Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchiza kulephera kwa mtima. Chothandiza kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito nicotinic acid kuphatikiza ma digitis glycosides.

Hepatotropic zotsatira za vitamini PP

Niacin amakhudza ntchito ya chiwindi. Hepatotropic zotsatira akuwonetsedwa mu kukondoweza kwa secretion wa bile, kukondoweza kwa glycogen kupanga ndi mapuloteni-maphunziro a chiwindi.
Niacin akuwonetsedwa:

• ndi zakumwa zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo - poizoni wa aniline, benzene, mpweya tetrachloride, hydrazine,
• vuto la poizoni,
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a barbiturates, anti-TB, sulfonamides,
• ndi poizoni hepatitis.

Mothandizidwa ndi nicotinic acid, mphamvu ya chiwindi imapangidwira - kupanga mapangidwe apangidwe a glucuronic acid, omwe amapangidwa munthawi ya detoxification, amawonjezereka, mankhwala oopsa a metabolic komanso mankhwala ena akunja amakankhidwa.

Neurotropic zotsatira za nicotinic acid

Mankhwala a Neototropic amatchedwa omwe amakhudza gawo lamkati ndi zotumphukira zamitsempha. Niacin amatenga nawo mbali mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mahomoni omwe amakhudza psyche yamunthu.

"Hormone ya chisangalalo" serotonin imapangidwa kuchokera ku tryptophan. Serotonin imakhudza kugona kwa munthu ndi momwe akumvera. Popeza nicotinic acid ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mphamvu m'maselo a thupi, ikakhala yochepa, gawo lalikulu la tryptophan limasandulika kukhala nicotinic acid. Kuchuluka kwa tryptophan kumawononga mphamvu, kumachepetsa mphamvu kuti muchepetse mitsempha ndikugona mokwanira. Kuperewera kwa serotonin kumabweretsa kusowa tulo, kusagona kwambiri, kukhumudwa, mantha, mpaka kupsinjika, kuyerekezera zinthu zina, ndipo nthawi zina.

Niacin ndiye mavitamini okha omwe ali ndi vuto la mahomoni m'thupi la munthu. Mphamvu zake za neurotropic zimawonetsedwa ndi njira zowonjezera zoletsa. Kulimbikitsidwa kwa njira zoletsa mothandizidwa ndi nicotinic acid kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino mthupi lonse: kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu, kuchepetsedwa kosiyanasiyana komwe kumachitika.

Niacin amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a neurotic ndi psychotic, uchidakwa wa mowa (kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima), komanso uchidakwa. Amatha kuchita antipsychotic ndi barbiturates, amachepetsa zotsatira za tiyi kapena khofi.

Nicotinamide amatanthauza mankhwala osakanikirana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ndi gawo lamankhwala Cytoflavin. Uku ndi kuphatikiza kwamphamvu kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu, kuphatikiza komwe kumakhala ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka synergistic pa njira zonse zazikulu za metabolism, zomwe zimasokonezeka pang'ono kapena zochepa panthawi ya ubongo ischemia.

Cytoflavin amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kwa mitsempha ndikufulumizitsa kubwezeretsa ntchito mu ischemic stroke. Mankhwalawa amakhudza njira zazikulu za pathophysiological zomwe zimachitika ndi kuwonongeka kwa ischemic kumitsempha ya ubongo:

• kubwezeretsa chitetezo cha antioxidant,
• imayendetsa njira zopangira mphamvu ndi zochita,
• imalepheretsa kupsinjika kwa oxidative, kuwonjezera mphamvu ya maselo kugwiritsa ntchito shuga ndi mpweya,
• Imapangitsa kaphatikizidwe wamaproteni mkati mwa maselo.

Chifukwa cha zovuta zambiri izi, pali kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka magazi ndi magazi, kukhazikika kwa zochita za metabolic m'maselo a chapakati, komwe kumawonetsedwa mwakachetechete ndi kuchepa kwa kuchepa kwa mitsempha komanso kubwezeretsa ntchito.

Nicotinamide ndi gawo limodzi la mankhwala ophatikizika a metabolin Kokarnit (wopanga - World Medicine, UK). Mankhwala akuwonetsa kwa matenda a matenda a shuga - matenda ashuga polyneuropathy.

Nicotinamide imathandizira kulowetsedwa kwa mitsempha ndi kayendedwe ka magazi m'mitsempha ya shuga. Imachepetsa makulidwe a lipid oxidation, mapangidwe a zamtundu waulere ndi zinthu zina zachiwiri za lipid oxidation. Mankhwalawa ali ndi zotsatira zingapo komanso poizoni wochepa pamlingo waukulu pochiza odwala, omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi zotsatira za maphunziro ambiri.

Pellagra (kusowa kwa nicotinic acid): Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Pellagra (wochokera ku Italy pelle agra - khungu loyipa) ndi matenda omwe amaphatikizana ndi kusamwa kwambiri kapena kuyamwa kosakwanira kwa nicotinic acid. Pamtima pa nthendayi ndikuphwanya mphamvu ya maselo ndi kuthekera kwawo kugawanika mwachangu.

M'mbuyomu, pellagra adapanga pomwe chimanga chidakhala chakudya chachikulu. Mu chikhalidwe ichi cha phala, nicotinic acid imapezeka munjira yovuta kugaya, imakhala yovuta mu tryptophan, pomwe Vitamini amatha kupanga. Madera akuluakulu omwe amapezeka ndi pellagra anali kumwera kwa Europe, Africa, Latin America, mayiko akumwera kwa USA. Ku tsarist Russia, matendawa adapezeka ku Bessarabia (Moldova), mpaka pang'ono ku Georgia.

Chifukwa chachikulu chachitukuko cha kusowa kwa nicotinic acid mdziko lathu ndi matenda opatsirana a m'mimba thirakiti (enteritis, colitis) yolumikizidwa ndi mayamwidwe operewera.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa sikuti ndizokhala otsika chabe a nicotinic acid mu chakudya, komanso:

• osakwanira tryptophan,
• chakudya chapamwamba chotupa, chomwe chimalepheretsa kaphatikizidwe kazinthu zopezeka ndi NADPH mthupi,
• otsika a pyridoxine confermers,
• kukhalapo kwa niacin ndi niacinogen muzinthu zamafuta, komanso mitundu yokhudzana ndi nikotini acid yomwe singatengeke ndi thupi.

Mu ana, pellagra nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi komanso predomicance ya carbohydrate. Nthawi zina, matendawa amakula mwa ana oyamwa, chifukwa chosowa zakudya m'thupi mwa mayi woyamwitsa.

Njira zachikhalidwe zomwe zimachitika nthawi yamatendawa

Ndi pellagra, khungu, ziwalo zam'mimba komanso mitsempha imakhudzidwa. Kukula kwa njirazi kumatengera siteji ndi mtundu wa matendawa.
Kusintha pakhungu kumawoneka ngati madera akutalika kwambiri a utoto wofiirira, wosefukira ndi magazi, wokhala ndi malire owopsa a chotupa. Khungu limatupa, limakoka. M'magawo apambuyo a matendawa, kuchitika kwa khungu kumachitika.

Zilonda kapena zilonda zam'mimba zimatuluka. Lilime lofiirira lowala modabwitsa lomwe limakhala ndi zilonda zopweteka pambuyo pake limayamba kuzimiririka. Kusintha kwa atrophic kumachitika mu epithelium yotsika ya pharynx ndi esophagus, membrane wa mucous wamatumbo ang'ono ndi akulu.

Mimba, kapamba ndi chiwindi zimachepetsedwa kukula kwake. The mucous membrane am'mimba ndi magazi, ndi magazi amodzi, makutu amafooka. Katulutsidwe wa tiziwalo timimba timachepetsa, achilia amapezeka - kusowa kwa hydrochloric acid ndi enzyme pepsin mu madzi a m'mimba. Kuwonongeka kwamafuta kwamaselo ake a hepatocyte kumawonedwa m'chiwindi.

Mu ubongo ndi msana, komanso mu zotumphukira zamitsempha, masinthidwe am'mimba am'mimba omwe amadziwika ndi ma neuronophagy amapezeka - maselo amitsempha amawonongeka amawonongeka ndikuchotsedwa m'thupi pogwiritsa ntchito phagocytes - maselo a chitetezo chamthupi.

Matenda ofunikira kwambiri a metabolic ndi ntchito za ziwalo zambiri zimayambitsa masinthidwe osawoneka bwino ndi ziwalo zina zonse. Impso, mapapu, mtima, ndulu zimakhudzidwa.

Zizindikiro za Pellagra

Pellagra amapezeka kusukulu ndi unyamata, adakali ana - osowa kwambiri. Mwambiri, achikulire azaka 20 mpaka 50 amadwala.
Chithunzi cha chipatala cha pellagra chimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe atatu:

• dermatitis - zotupa pakhungu m'malo opezekanso ndi dzuwa (chifukwa chake dzina la nthendayo),
• kutsekula m'mimba - thirakiti lamatumbo lakukhumudwa,
• dementia - matenda osokonezeka m'maganizo omwe amawonongeka, kuchepa kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa thupi.

Zizindikiro za matenda zimakonda kuchitika kumapeto kwa dzinja. Odwala amachepetsa katatu patsiku komanso pafupipafupi. Kupukutira popanda kusakanikirana kwa magazi ndi ntchofu, kwamadzi, ndi fungo loipa.
Ndipo pamakhala chidwi cham'mimba ndikusokosera kwambiri. Wotupa, milomo yodzaza. Zilonda zimapezeka pamkamwa komanso pansi pa lilime. Kusintha kwa chilankhulo kumadziwika. Poyamba, nsana wake umakutidwa ndi kukhudza kwamtundu wakuda bii, m'mphepete ndi m'mbali mwake ndi ofiira owala. Pang'onopang'ono, kufalikira kumafalikira paliponse la lilime, kumakhala kosalala komanso kosalala.
Kenako pellagric erythema amawonekera: m'malo otseguka (nkhope, khosi, kumbuyo kwa manja ndi mapazi), khungu limakhala lofiira, lotupa komanso loyenda mothandizidwa ndi dzuwa. Nthawi zina matuza amaphulika ndikusiya kulira. Masiku angapo pambuyo pake, pityriasis peeling imachitika. Ndi kuchepa kwa kutupa komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi khungu, kupindika kwamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wotsalira kumatsalira, kuchotsedwa kochepa monga vitiligo kumadziwika.

Ntchito ya zotumphukira m'mitsempha ndi chapakati mantha amanjenje. Chizungulire, kupweteka mutu. Kusaya mtima kumaloledwa ndi kukhumudwa. Psychoses, psychoneuroses amakula, mu milandu milandu kuyerekezera zinthu m`maganizo, kupweteka kumachitika, kukumbukira kubwereza kumayamba.

Muubwana, zizindikiro zapamwamba za pellagra sizitchulidwa. Kutupa kwa lilime, kusokonezeka kwa m'mimba, komanso kufalikira kwa khungu. Zosintha mu psyche ndizosowa.

Vuto lalikulu kwambiri la pellagra ndi encephalopathy (kuwonongeka kwa ubongo) ndi ma psychotic.

Kuzindikira matendawa

Kuzindikira kumakhazikitsidwa pamawonekedwe azachipatala omwe amawonetsa matendawa, zambiri pa chikhalidwe cha zakudya, maphunziro a biochemical. Pellagra amadziwika ndi zomwe zili ndi NI-methylnicotinamide mu mkodzo wa tsiku ndi tsiku m'munsi mwa 4 mg, ndi zomwe amakhala ndi nicotinic acid pamunsi pa 0.2 mg. Zomwe zili m'magazi ndi mkodzo wa mavitamini ena a B amachepetsa.

Odwala onse omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe atsopano komanso obwereza a pellagra amayenera kugonekedwa kuchipatala.

Chithandizo cha odwala omwe akusowa nicotinic acid chimaphatikizapo chakudya chomwe chili ndi vitamini PP yokhala ndi mapuloteni okwanira. Mwa mitundu yofatsa ya kuchepa kwa vitamini, mavitamini amaikidwa pamapiritsi. Odwala omwe ali ndi malabsorption a michere m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono amapatsidwa jekeseni.
Mlingo wovomerezeka tsiku lililonse wa mankhwala ndi 300 mg ya vitamini, wogawidwa mu 2 - 3 waukulu. Chithandizo chimatenga milungu itatu kapena inayi.

Mlingo wothandizira wa nicotinic acid amawakonda mwa njira ya nicotinamide, yomwe imakhala ndi zovuta zochepa poyerekeza ndi nicotinic acid.

Pankhani yamavuto amisala, ma Mlingo wochepera wa antipsychotic (chlorpromazine, frenolone, triftazine) amalembedwa pamodzi ndi antidepressants (amitriptyline) ndi tranquilizer (seduxen), omwe amathandizidwa kudzera m'mitsempha kapena m'mitsempha. Pankhani ya chitukuko cha organic psychosyndrome, milingo yayikulu ya thiamine kapena nootropil imayikidwa mu njira yobwereza maphunziro.

Popeza pellagra amawonetsa zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa mavitamini B ena, komanso tryptophan amino acid, lingaliro la chithandizo limaphatikizanso kuyambitsa kukonzekera kovuta kwa vitamini B.

Pambuyo pa kuyamba kulandira chithandizo, zizindikiro za kukhumudwa m'mimba zimatha patatha masiku angapo. Zizindikiro za dementia ndi dermatitis zimasinthidwa kwambiri sabata yoyamba ya mankhwala. Ngati pellagra wapeza mawonekedwe osachiritsika, nthawi yayitali imafunikira kuti achire, koma chilimbikitso cha wodwalayo ndi mkhalidwe wakuthupi wawo zimasintha msanga.

Sekondale pellagra

Milandu ya pellagra akufotokozera odwala omwe ali ndi matenda am'mimba, anachlorhydria (kusowa kwa hydrochloric acid) omwe ali ndi khansa ya kum'mero, zilonda zam'mimba, khansa ndi syphilitic zotupa zam'mimba komanso chifuwa cham'mimba, pambuyo pamimba, ndi uchidakwa wambiri, mankhwala a chifuwa chachikulu ndi isoniazid.

Mlingo Wamitundu

Niacin amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a mapiritsi ndi jakisoni.
Jekeseni wovomerezeka ndi mu mnofu wama vitamini amapweteka. Njira yolowera mkati iyenera kuperekedwa pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa magazi kumatha kuchitika.

Piritsi limodzi lili: nicotinic acid 0,05 g - zosakaniza, glucose, stearic acid - zinthu zothandizira.
Mililita imodzi ya jakisoni imakhala ndi nicotinic acid 10 mg - yogwira mankhwala, sodium bicarbonate, madzi a jakisoni - maipi.

Kupewa komanso kuchiza kwa pellagra (kuchepa kwa vitamini PP).

Kuphatikiza mankhwala a ischemic cerebrovascular ngozi, kufalikira kwamitsempha matenda a miyendo (kuwononga endarteritis, matenda a Raynaud) ndi impso, zovuta za matenda a shuga - diabetesic polyneuropathy, microangiopathy.

Matenda a chiwindi - hepatitis yovuta kwambiri komanso yotupa, gastritis yotsika acidity, mitsempha yamtundu wamtundu, zovuta zamankhwala (akatswiri, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mowa), mabala osapola a nthawi yayitali.

Mlingo ndi makonzedwe a nicotinic acid

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga akuwongolera dokotala.
Mapiritsi a Nicotinic acid amawamwa pakudya.
Monga wothandizila antipellagric zotchulidwa:

• akuluakulu - nicotinic acid 0,1 ga 2-4 pa tsiku (pazipita tsiku lililonse - 0,5 g),
• ana - kuchokera pa 0,0125 mpaka 0.05 g 2 mpaka 3 pa tsiku, kutengera zaka.

Njira ya chithandizo ndi masiku 15 mpaka 20.
Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi ischemic cerebrovascular ajali, kupindika kwa ziwiya zam'manja, gastritis yotsika acid, mitsempha ya nkhope, mabala ndi zilonda zam'mimba, nicotinic acid akulimbikitsidwa kuti aikidwe mu mlingo umodzi wa 0,05 - 0,1 ga, tsiku lililonse mpaka 0,5 g. Chithandizo - 1 mwezi.

Kuwongolera pachipatala, kuchenjeza

Pofuna kupewa zovuta ku chiwindi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali ya nicotinic pamiyeso yayikulu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muphatikize zakudya zomwe zili ndi methionine (kanyumba tchizi) muzakudya kapena kugwiritsa ntchito methionine, lipoic acid, mankhwala ofunikira ndi lipotropic.

Mosamala, nicotinic acid iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa gastritis yokhala ndi acidity yayikulu, zilonda zam'mimba komanso zilonda zam'mimba.Mukamalandira mankhwala a vitamini, makamaka waukulu, muyenera kuwunika ntchito ya chiwindi mosamala.

Kuchita ndi mankhwala ena

Kuonana ndi dokotala ndikofunikira ngati nikotini acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo limodzi ndi mankhwala ena.

Kusagwirizana kwa mankhwala. Osasakanikirana ndi yankho ya thiamine chloride (thiamine imaphwanya).

Zimatha kuchita za fibrinolytic othandizira, antispasmodics ndi mtima glycosides, zimathandizira poizoni wa hepatotropic wa mowa.

Chenjezo liyenera kuphatikizidwa pophatikizidwa ndi mankhwala a antihypertensive (kuwonjezeka kwa antihypertensive zotsatira ndikotheka), anticoagulants, acetylsalicylic acid, chifukwa cha chiwopsezo cha kukha magazi.

Amachepetsa kawopsedwe a neomycin ndipo amalepheretsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol komanso lipoproteins yapamwamba yomwe amayamba nayo. Amachepetsa poizoni wama barbiturates, anti-TB mankhwala, sulfonamides.

Kulera kwapakamwa ndi isoniazid kumachepetsa kutembenuka kwa tryptophan kukhala nicotinic acid ndipo motero kungakulitse kufunika kwa nicotinic acid.

Maantibayotiki amatha kupititsa patsogolo hyperemia yoyambitsidwa ndi nicotinic acid.

Niacin amaperekedwa popanda kulandira mankhwala.

Nikotinamide

Zisonyezero zogwiritsira ntchito nicotinamide - hypovitaminosis ndi kuchepa kwa vitamini PP, komanso mkhalidwe wowonjezera wa kufunika kwa vitamini PP:

• kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso zakudya zopanda thanzi (kuphatikizapo makolo),
• malabsorption, kuphatikizapo maziko a kukokoloka kwa pancreatic,
• kuchepa thupi msanga
• matenda ashuga
• kutentha kwanthawi yayitali
• gastwayomy
• Matenda a heartnup
• matenda a hepatobiliary dera - pachimake ndi matenda a chiwindi, matenda enaake,
• hyperthyroidism
• matenda opatsirana
• Matenda am'mimba: - hypo- ndi anacid gastritis, enterocolitis, colitis, gluten enteropathy, matenda opitilira m'matumbo, sprue wotentha, matenda a Crohn,
• zotupa zoyipa
• matenda am'mimba,
• kupanikizika kwa nthawi yayitali
• kutenga pakati (makamaka ndi chikonga komanso kudalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo, pakati angapo),
• Nthawi yonyamula mkaka.

Monga vasodilator, nicotinamide sigwiritsidwa ntchito. Nicotinamide ilibe mphamvu ya hypolipidemic.

Chifukwa chosalowerera ndale yankho, nicotinamide siyiyambitsa kukhudzana kwanthawi ya jakisoni. Mosiyana ndi nicotinic acid, mankhwalawa alibe tanthauzo la vasodilating, chifukwa chake, pogwiritsa ntchito nicotinamide, vuto lodziwikiratu silikuwoneka.

Mankhwala ndi mankhwala pakamwa ndi jakisoni.

Nicotinic acid wa tsitsi

Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi scalp, nicotinic acid imachepetsa mitsempha yamitsempha yamagazi, imathandizira magazi, imayendetsa kayendedwe ka okosijeni ndi zinthu zopindulitsa, imathandizira njira zama metabolic mu minofu, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuchepa kwa tsitsi ndikuwonjezera kukula kwawo.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito yankho la tsitsi akuwonetsa kuti mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa a nicotinic acid, tsitsi limakhala lokhwima, limakulirakulira komanso silika. Niacin amathandizanso kusintha tsitsi labwino, monga prophylactic motsutsana ndi imvi.
Nicotinic acid omwe ali m'gulu la mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse:

• amadzutsa tulo totsegulira tsitsi ndikukulitsa kukula kwa tsitsimu polimbikitsa kukoka kwakanthawi,
• kubwezeretsanso mababu owonongeka,
• imalepheretsa kuchepa kwa tsitsi ndikulimbitsa mizu ndikuthana ndi kuphatikizika kwa collagen kuzungulira muzu wa tsitsi,
• Zimathandizira kuti pakhale melanin - pigment yomwe imapangitsa kuti ma curls akuwala, asunge mtundu wawo, komanso amaletsa maonekedwe a imvi asanakwane.

Chochita sichimawuma khungu ngati chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza, monga momwe zimayesedwera ndi mayeso a dermatological.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito nicotinic acid: tsegulani chubu lamapiritsi musanagwiritse ntchito. Ikani zomwe zili mu chubu mukangosamba kumtunda, ndikugawa asidi padziko lonse lapansi ndikusuntha. Osatsuka mankhwala.

Kuchepa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kwa khungu pambuyo pakugwiritsa ntchito kwayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakucepa komanso kwacibadwa.

Gwiritsani ntchito nicotinic acid kamodzi pakapita masiku atatu. Maphunziro olimbikitsidwa - 14 mankhwala. Itha kubwerezedwa miyezi itatu iliyonse.

Ngakhale zabwino zonse, nicotinic acid sanagwiritsidwepo ntchito mokwanira pachipatala. Izi ndichifukwa cha zovuta zambiri zoyenda ndi vitamini PP yayikulu.