Chipatala cha odwala matenda a shuga chimatengera mtundu wa shuga, kutalika kwa maphunzirowo, kupezeka kwa zovuta.

Zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu za "matenda" a shuga ndizophatikizira:

- kufooka kwathunthu ndi minofu,

- polyuria (mawonekedwe a mkodzo wambiri) - pafupipafupi ndi kukodza pokoka usana ndi usiku mpaka kukomoka kwamkodzo usiku,

- polydipsia (ludzu), kamwa yowuma,

- polyphagy (kuchuluka chakudya),

- Kuchepetsa thupi - monga mtundu wa matenda ashuga 1.

"Zizindikiro zazing'ono" za matenda ashuga:

- matenda osakhalitsa, mano,

- alveolar pyorrhea (purring-yotupa yotupa ya mabowo a mano),

- kuyabwa pakhungu (yofalikira, makamaka kutulutsidwa kwapadera mu perineum),

Chizindikiro cha matenda amtundu wa 1 ndikukula kwakwe ka "zizindikiro zazikulu", ndipo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, "zizindikiro zazing'ono" ndizodziwika bwino. Mawonetsero ena a shuga amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwamkati, mitsempha yamagazi ndi dongosolo lamanjenje.

Zofinya: khungu lowuma, kuchepa kwa turgor wake, zotupa za pakhungu pafupipafupi, zotupa zowonjezera, hydroadenitis, xanthomatosis, "matenda ashuga" ndiwofala - kufalikira kwa khungu komanso ma arterioles m'dera la mafupa a masaya. Nthawi zambiri misomali imasinthika, imakhala yosalala, yothina, kukoka kwawo kumawoneka, mtundu wachikaso.

Myopathy kuwonetsedwa ndi atrophy ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya minofu, kuchepa thupi.

Kuwonongeka kwa kupuma kwamphamvu: kuwonetsedwa ndi kuuma ndi kuwonekera kwa mucous nembanemba wapamwamba kupuma thirakiti, pafupipafupi chibayo ndi bronchitis. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakonzedweratu ku chifuwa cham'mapapo ndipo amadwala pafupipafupi.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa mtima wamtima: DM imathandizira kukulitsa koyambirira komanso kuthamanga kwa atherosclerosis ndipo, chifukwa chake, CHD. IHD imapezeka kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2.

Matumbo oyenda kuwonetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, kumasula mano ndi kuwonda mano, gingivitis ndi stomatitis, kuwoneka kwa papillae ndikuphwanya chidwi cha lilime, zomwe zimatsogolera kuwotchedwa kwa lilime, pharynx, esophagus,

n`zotheka kukula kwa gastritis yosatha ndi duodenitis ndi kusintha kwa atrophic mucous membrane, kuchepa kwa chinsinsi ndi magalimoto ntchito zam'mimba, matenda ashuga amayamba kuchokera m'matumbo, omwe amadziwika ndi matenda osakanikirana a m'mimba, kukulira kwa maldigestion ndi malabsorption syndromes, pakhoza kukhala ndi mafuta a hepatosis. Moyenerera, mutha kudziwa kukulira kwa chiwindi ndi kupweteka kwake pang'ono.

Dongosolo la genitourinary: odwala matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri akuvutika ndi matenda opatsirana ndi yotupa ya kwamikodzo thirakiti:

zamankhwala ndi chimpso cha impso,

kwambiri hemorrhagic komanso necrotic cystitis.

Matenda a shuga omwe amalipiridwa bwino azimayi amatsogolera ku amenorrhea, mwa amuna kuti asabalale.

Matenda a shuga ndi syndromes: zomwe zimayambitsa ndi njira zokonzanso

Chowoneka bwino cha matenda ashuga mellitus (DM) ndikuti kumayambiriro kwa matendawa sichimadziwonetsa, ndipo pafupifupi kotala lililonse limakhala lobisika. Zonsezi zimayambitsa zovuta ndi matenda.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi kumabweretsa zovuta za metabolic: chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni, omwe amakhumudwitsa ambiri.

Ganizirani ma syndromes ofala a matenda 1 a shuga.

Ichi ndi chiyani

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe ali ndi vuto losakwanira kapena losakwanira m'thupi la insulin.

Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakulitsa mwayi wamatenda ndi

• onenepa kwambiri
• ochepa matenda oopsa
• zambiri za cholesterol "yoyipa" m'magazi,
• cholowa.

Ganizirani za matenda amtundu wa 1 komanso a 2.

Mtundu woyamba

Awa ndi mtundu wodwala wa insulin. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kusapanga kapena, monga njira, yachepetsa kubisala kwa insulin.

Izi zikufotokozera kudalira kwa munthu majakisoni a insulin. Chizindikiro cha matenda amtundu wa 1 ndikukula kwakwanthawi kwa zizindikiro, mpaka kukomoka kwa hyperglycemic.

Mtundu wachiwiri

Gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga a mtundu 2 ndi anthu onenepa kwambiri opitilira zaka 40.

Kupanga kwa insulini ndikwabwinobwino, koma palibe kuyankha kokwanira kwa cell ku timadzi timeneti. Mphamvu yawo pa insulin yomwe imapangidwa imachepetsedwa.

Magemizu samalowa m'matumbo, koma amadziunjikira m'magazi. Matendawa samawoneka nthawi yomweyo, koma patatha zaka. Njira yofatsa imawonjezera kuzindikira matendawa.

Gulu lina ndi matenda amtundu wa shuga, omwe amadziwonekera mwa amayi nthawi yapakati.

Polankhula za chizindikiro cha matendawa, matanthauzidwe monga chizindikiro ndi matenda nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa. M'malo mwake, matendawa ndi gulu linalake lazizindikiro.

Hyperglycemic

Vutoli limalumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kofunikira kwambiri (kuyambira 0.5-11,5 mmol / l).

Hyperglycemia imaphatikizidwa ndi ntchito ya thupi:

• polyuria. Kupezeka kwa shuga mumkodzo kumapangitsa kuti osmolarity achulukane,
• Hypohydration. Chifukwa cha polyuria, kuchuluka kwamadzi omwe amapezeka m'thupi amachepa,
• ludzu, kuchuluka kwa madzi chifukwa chakusowa kwamadzi,
• kutsika kwa magazi. Hypotension imakhalanso chifukwa chodana ndi madzi,
• Hyperglycemic coma ndi mawonekedwe owopsa kwambiri, akupha.

Hypoglycemic

Ili ndi gulu lovuta lazizindikiro, lokwiyitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi ochepera 3.5 mmol / l ndikuwonetsedwa ndi kusokonezeka kwamanjenje, autonomic ndi maganizo. Nthawi zambiri, hypoglycemia imawonekera m'mawa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito shuga kwambiri kungayambike chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulini, komanso chinsinsi cha timadzi ta m'mimba mu chotupa - insulinoma. Hypoglycemia imayamba chifukwa cha chiwindi, kapamba ndi matenda am'mimba a adrenal.

Mawonekedwe oyamba a hypoglycemic syndrome:

• mutu
• kunjenjemera
• kumva kwamphamvu njala
• kufooka
• thukuta kwambiri
• zovuta zamagulu (ndizofanana ndi kuledzera).

Ngati sanatenge kuchitapo kanthu, kuwonongeka kwa chikumbumtima, kudzimbidwa kumayamba. Nthawi zina kwambiri hypoglycemia chifukwa chosowa chithandizo chamankhwala chimabweretsa imfa. Pafupipafupi zovuta za hypoglycemia ndimatenda amtima komanso chifukwa cha kuvulala kwamitsempha.

Ngati wodwalayo akudziwa, mankhwalawo amachotsedwa pakudya chakudya chamafuta kapena tiyi wokoma. Ngati palibe chikumbumtima, hypoglycemic syndrome imayimitsidwa ndikuyambitsa shuga m'mitsempha.

Opaleshoni kapena chemotherapy amathandizira kuchotsa hypoglycemic syndrome ya chotupa. Mu matenda a Addison, mahomoni othandizira. Kupewa - kuzindikira munthawi yake zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro.

Zamitsempha

Neurological syndrome imachitika ndi mitundu yonse iwiri yamatenda. Nthawi zina neuropathy imadziwoneka yokha kuyambira pachiyambi cha matenda, nthawi zina zimadutsa kufikira mawonetseredwe oyamba.

Neurological syndrome imayendera limodzi ndi izi:

• kusokonezeka kwa zotumphukira zamitsempha yamafupa: kuthamanga kwammono m'miyendo (makamaka kumapazi), kuchepa mphamvu, mawonekedwe a zilonda pakhungu, kwamikodzo kusatha,
• kusokonezeka kwa matenda a ANS - ndi nthenda yayitali ya matenda (mutu, kupweteka kwam'mimba, kuchepa kwa magazi),
• neuropathy ya maso ndi shuga, retinopathy,
• kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, chiopsezo cha stroke.

Zamatsenga

Uku ndikusakaniza shuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi. "Phwando" lotere limachulukitsa mwayi wokhala ndi zotupa zamatenda a atherosrance?

Zizindikiro zazikulu za metabolic syndrome:

• kunenepa
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi kopitilira 135/85 mm. Hg. Art.,
• magazi othamanga a magazi amaposa 6.1 mmol / l,
• chizolowezi cha thrombosis,
• cholesterol yayikulu.

Kuwongolera zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi, kuchiza matenda oopsa kumathandizira kuti muthetse mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda.

Chochitika cha Somoji

Vutoli limadziwikanso kuti "matenda osokoneza bongo a insulin." Uwu ndi mtundu wa "kuyankha" kwa thupi kuzinthu zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi zochepetsa shuga mthupi (hypoglycemia).

Komanso, izi sizikukhudzira kutchulidwa kokha, komanso hypoglycemia yobisika. Amawonedwa mwa odwala pamene jakisoni imodzi ya insulin ipitilira 80 magawo.

Zowonetsa pazinthu za Somoji zimaphatikizapo:

• kusintha kwakukulu pamlingo wama glucose,
• khalidalin
• kuwonongeka ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin,
• mkodzo ndi magazi - matupi a ketone,
• Kulemera popanda chifukwa chodziwikiratu, njala yambiri.

Matendawa amawonetsedwa ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu m'masamba a shuga tsiku lililonse.

Diagnostics imatsika ndikuyeza shuga ya magazi, kuphatikiza usiku. Ngati matendawa amakayikiridwa, mlingo wa insulin umachepetsedwa ndi 20%. M'pofunikanso kutsatira kwambiri zakudya, zakudya zopatsa mphamvu masana (kuchuluka kwa chakudya 5-6).

Ngati zovuta zotsutsana ndi maziko a njirazi zikuyenda bwino, ndiye kuti matendawa adapangidwa molondola. Ndi chithandizo chamankhwala osagwira, kuchipatala ndikofunikira kusintha mlingo wa insulin kuchipatala.

Chodabwitsa cha "mbandakucha" mwa odwala matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga amawopa mankhwalawa, ngati moto!

Muyenera kungolemba ...

Mawuwa adapangidwa ndi dokotala D. Gerich mu 1984. Mwazi wa shuga umakwera m'mawa: kuyambira maola 4 mpaka 9.

Zomwe zimayambitsa "mbandakucha" - chakudya chochuluka usiku, kupsinjika ndi kuyambitsa insulin yokwanira.

Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndikuchitika kuti m'mawa mumakhala zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri zamagazi m'magazi.

Mothandizidwa ndi glucocorticosteroids, chiwindi chimapanga shuga ochulukirapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Matendawa amapezeka m'mitundu yonse iwiri ya matenda ashuga, ndipo mtundu woyamba wa matenda umadziwonekera mwa ana ndi achinyamata. Kukula kwa mahomoni somatotropin ndizomwe zimapangitsa.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndizowopsa pakokha. Kusintha kwakukuru m'magazi a shuga kumakhala kowopsa kwambiri. Izi zingayambitse kukula kwa nephropathy, matenda a shuga komanso polyneuropathy.

Kuti muzindikire zodabwitsa, ndikofunikira kuchita miyeso yausiku usiku, kuyambira 2 mpaka 3 usiku. Kuchuluka kwofananira kwa glucometer kumawonetsa matenda.

Mitundu yanji ya matendawa ilipo?

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin mthupi la munthu.

Njira ya pathological imayambitsa kuphwanya kwa chakudya chamagulu komanso njira zina za metabolic, zomwe zimachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Masiku ano, zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha izi ndi:

• cholowaꓼ
• kunenepaꓼ
• ochepa matenda oopsater
• cholesterol yayikulu.

Mitundu yayikulu yakuwonekera kwa matendawa imatha kudziwonetsa mwa:

1. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga ndi mtundu wodwala wa matenda a insulin. Amatha kukula onse mwa anthu onenepa komanso odwala omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Kusiyana kwina kwa mawonekedwewa ndi kusapangiza kwa insulin (kapena kochepa kwambiri) ndi kapamba. Chifukwa chake, munthu amene ali ndi vuto loterolo amadalira majakisoni a timadzi timeneti.
2. Type 2 shuga mellitus nthawi zambiri amakula mwa anthu patatha zaka makumi anayi ndi iwo onenepa kwambiri. Kasitomala amatulutsa timadzi tomwe timafunikira m'thupi, koma maselo ake samayankhanso monga insulin. Zotsatira zakuchepa kwa chidwi cham'magazi kupita ku mahomoni, glucose amadziunjikira m'magazi, chifukwa samatha kulowa mkati.

Matenda a shuga akamakula, zizindikiro zonse zoipa za matendawa zimayamba kuwonekera.

Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana monga gestationalabetes mellitus, yomwe imatha kupezeka mwa azimayi munthawi ya bere kapena kukhala chifukwa cha kukula kwa hyperglycemia.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda amtundu 1

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, chiwonetsero cha zizindikiro ndi kukula kwa matenda zimachitika mwachangu, ndikukula msanga.

Kuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kupangitsa wodwala kukomoka ndikupangitsa kudwala matenda ashuga.

Pambuyo pake, kuyesedwa kwa matenda kunapangitsa kuti pakhale kuzindikira koyenera.

Pankhaniyi, matenda ashuga amatha kukhala ndi zotsatirazi:

1. Ludzu lamphamvu, lomwe limazunza wodwala tsiku lonse (komanso ngakhale usiku), zotulukapo zake ndizomwe kumamwa madzi okwanira malita asanu.
2. Fungo losasangalatsa la acetone kuchokera pamlomo wamkamwa.
3. Kuchulukitsa chilimbikitso komanso kuyenda ndi njala nthawi zonse. Ndi zakudya zochulukirapo komanso ngakhale kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono, kuchepa thupi ndi kuchepa thupi kwambiri.
4. Kukoka pafupipafupi, makamaka usiku.
5. Kukula kwa mavuto ndi khungu, chiwonetsero cha zithupsa zambiri kapena zotupa za fungus.
6. Ngakhale abrasions yaying'ono kapena mabala amachiritsa molimba komanso kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mwa zina zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda amtunduwu, nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizanso matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi mavairasi mwanjira ya chikuku, chimfine, rubella kapena matenda ena.

Kuphatikiza apo, kupsinjika kwambiri pamalingaliro kapena kupsinjika kungayambitsenso matenda a shuga.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2

Ndi matenda a 2 a shuga, mawonekedwe awonetsero samachitika nthawi yomweyo, koma pakapita nthawi.

Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri sizotheka kuzindikira matenda nthawi yomweyo.

Zingatenge zaka zingapo zisanachitike kuti zizindikilozo zizindikirika kuti zimupimidwe ndikuyezetsa. Kuzindikiridwa kwakanthawi kokhako komwe kungalepheretse matendawa.

Type 2 shuga mellitus imatha kudziwoneka mwa mawonekedwe otsatirawa:

• Kuwonongeka kowoneka m'maso, ngakhale ndi zovuta zazing'ono.
• Kutopa kwamphamvu komanso kuthamanga kwa thupi, kuchepa kwa ntchito komanso kulephera kulolera. Ngakhale kupuma mokwanira komanso kugona sikubweretsa zotsatira zoyenera, kumva kutopa ndi kufooka sikutha.
• Ludzu lalikulu, kulephera kuthetsa ngakhale kumwa kwambiri.
• Kuyenda pakhungu ndi zotupa zina pakhungu kumaonekera - zotupa, redness kapena mawanga.
• Kukoka pafupipafupi.
• Kupweteka kwambiri kwa minyewa, kukokana m'matumbo kumachitika.
• M'miyendo, makamaka m'malo a shin, zilonda zazing'ono zam'miyendo zokhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo zimawoneka kuti ndizovuta kuchiritsa.
• Mavuto ndi kusamba kwa msambo mwa akazi, mawonekedwe a thrushꓼ
• Kuchulukitsa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kukula kwa matenda amtima wamatenda, kulowetsedwa kwa myocardial ndikotheka.

Ngati munthu waona kuwonetsedwa kwa zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa, ndikofunikira kulumikizana ndi chipatala kuti mukayeze.

Mawonekedwe a syndromes ndi chitukuko cha matendawa

Nthawi zambiri, maonekedwe a syndromes mu mtundu 2 wa shuga amawfanana ndi zomwe zimawoneka. M'malo mwake, ma syndromes a shuga ndi mndandanda wa zizindikiro zingapo.

Nthawi zina, matenda a Raynaud amatchedwa chiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga. Matenda a Raynaud alibe chochita ndi shuga kapena insulin.Matenda a Raynaud amayamba chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimabweretsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba. Mavuto omwe amayambitsa matenda a Raynaud ndi scleroderma, atherosclerosis, periarthritis ndi thromboangiitis obliterans. Matenda a Reynaud amaphatikizidwa ndi kuziziritsa, dzanzi, kupweteka m'manja.

Ma syndromes omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amatha kuyimiridwa ndikuwonetsedwa:

1. Matenda a Moriak nthawi zambiri amapezeka ali mwana. Matenda a Moriak ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi - kukula kwa kukula kwa ana, kapangidwe kake ka mawonekedwe mu mwezi. Chifukwa chachikulu chowonetsera kwa matenda monga Moriak syndrome ndikukhazikitsa insulin yotsika mtengo, mlingo wolakwika.
2. Metabolic syndrome imatchedwanso chiwonetsero cha kukana insulin. Metabolic syndrome imayamba ngati mtundu wa insulin suwonera. Chifukwa chake, njira zonse za metabolic m'thupi zimasokonezeka. Nthawi zambiri, metabolic syndrome imachitika chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi zakudya. Izi matenda nthawi zambiri amakhala otsogola komanso amatsogolera pakukula kwa matenda monga matenda oopsa, ischemia, ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
3. Ma syndromes a 2 a shuga nthawi zambiri amaphatikizira chiwonetsero cha Somoji. Chimodzi mwazotsatira za izi ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin. Zizindikiro zazikulu, zomwe zingasonyeze kuti thupi limalandira kuchuluka kwa insulini, kumatha kuwonjezeka ngati munthu ali ndi chidwi chambiri, kulemera, komanso kudumphira shuga.
4. Morning Dawn Syndrome ndiye chachikulu matenda a shuga mellitus, omwe amadziwonetsera mu mawonekedwe a kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, pakatikati kuyambira maola 4 mpaka 6.
5. Chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga chimatha kuonekanso ngati nephrotic syndrome. Zotsatira zake ndikukula kwa matenda a shuga, pamene kusintha m'matumbo a impso kumachitika. Chifukwa chake, munthu amatha kudwala aimpso.

Izi zimadziwonetsera mu mawonekedwe a kutupa, mawonekedwe a mapuloteni mumkodzo, kupweteka kwa mutu komanso mavuto ndi gawo logaya chakudya.

Matendawa. Zina kuposa matenda ...

Anthu akamalankhula za matenda ofooketsa m'mimba mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, nthawi zambiri anthu amaganiza za vuto lalikulu kwambiri: wodwala matenda a shuga amadzivulaza mwadala insulin yokwanira kuti akhale ndi moyo ndipo samayang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Koma zochitika izi ndizitali zokhazo zomwe zingatheke. Burnout syndrome imatha kudziwoneka mosiyanasiyana, masikelo osiyanasiyana komanso pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

Muyenera kuti munatopa ndikukhala ndi matenda ashuga chifukwa shuga wamagazi anu amatsitsanso panthawi yamasewera yomwe mwakhala osokoneza bongo kwa zaka zitatu tsopano, ndipo kusintha konse komwe kunapangidwa ku pulogalamu yophunzitsira sikunabweretse kukhazikika komwe mukufuna. Kapena, mwina, mukukumana ndi chisudzulo chochokera kwa bambo yemwe mumam'konda dzulo ndi mtima wanu wonse, ndipo zokumana nazo izi sizikuchoka pamalingaliro okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga konse.

Kapena mwina mwangotopa ndi zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuwerengera mafuta ochulukirapo, kupeza malo owonjezera jakisoni wina, mizere yosatha yolowerera, ziwerengero zosatha, magawo a hypoglycemia kapena, mwadzidzidzi, kumayambira mwadzidzidzi mu shuga komanso sensor yosasunthika yowunikira mosamala shuga, yomwe imadzuka mwamphamvu nthawi ya 3 m'mawa, pomwe chilichonse chomwe mukufuna kungogona.

Zingatheke bwanji kumawonekera matenda otopa? Munjira zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pakunyalanyaza zomwe dokotala wamupatsa mpaka kupitiliza ndi kasinthidwe ka matenda a shuga tsiku ndi tsiku ndimatopa okhumudwa. Kuzindikira kuti pali kutopa kwambiri - ndizosavuta kuchita:

• Kubisa kwa makolo zizindikiro zenizeni za shuga kuti musakhumudwe komanso musadandaule
• Zosalamulirika kudya osaganizira zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha shuga
• Suzi wokoma, mowa, zakumwa zoledzeretsa. basi chifukwa
• Kulakalaka nthawi zonse kulola zinthu kupita
• Jabs of insulin yofunikira ndendende kuti asakafike kuchipatala
• Kusunga moyenera shuga wambiri m'magazi momwe shuga yochepa imayambitsa nkhawa
• Kupanda kulakalaka kuwerengera zakudya zamagulu ndi kupaka insulin "ndi diso", chifukwa kufunika kowunikira zambiri mwatsatanetsatane kumadalira kale
• Kupewa ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso, chifukwa kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, pomwe chilichonse chomwe chikukuzungulira chimangokumbutsa moyo wathanzi,
• Kuletsa kuyika insulin kapena kuyang'ana shuga m'magazi a anzawo akusukulu kapena abwenzi, chifukwa ndikufuna kumverera ngati wina aliyense, osati "kudwala kosatha"
• Mwezi wopsinjika pambuyo paulendo wina wakuchipatala, pomwe zinafika kuti retinopathy zimayamba pang'onopang'ono koma zikuyenda bwino, kapena adotolo adazindikira kuti ali ndi vuto la neuropathy kapena vuto lina
• Palibe amene amawona misozi pilo, chifukwa matenda a shuga amakhala olemetsa kwambiri
• Kusinthira ku "autopilot" mode, komwe kumabisa mantha osaletseka, kudzipeputsa komanso kuwopa kufunafuna thandizo.

Pafupifupi, matenda ofooketsa thupi atha kukhala zotsatira zakhumba kosalekeza: pazizindikiro zoyenera za hemoglobin wa glycosylated kwa chaka chimodzi motsatila, kutsatira malangizo a makolo, wokwatirana naye kapena wokwatirana naye, pakutsatira upangiri woyenera wa madokotala - ndichotsatira chokhacho cha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga perekani pang'ono ndikufunsani thandizo.

Njira zisanu zothana ndi kutopa kwambiri. Momwe mungagonjetsere koma osataya mtima!

1. Dziwani zomwe zikuchitika.. Gawo loyamba ili likuwoneka losavuta, ngakhale kuti ndizoyeserera ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa kuvomereza kufooka kwanu si ntchito yophweka. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani kuzindikira? Pemphani thandizo (ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe amene mungamukhulupirire, kupatula nokha) ndipo dzipatseni mwayi kuti mupeze mbali zonse za matenda omwe akula.

Si chinsinsi kuti ambiri a ife tikuyang'ana kwambiri zofunikira za chithandizo cha matenda ashuga, kutsatira malangizo a dotolo ndikutsatira malangizo a makolo ndi abale - m'malo otere kulibe malo oti timvere malingaliro athu. Ndi matenda otopa, "kumverera" ndikofunikira kuti muyenera kuvomereza, lolani kuti mulankhule mosaganizira kuti ndi chiyani: kutaya mtima, kutopa, kupsinjika, kufooka komanso ngakhale mkwiyo woterewu woti shuga satha.

Dzipatseni nthawi yolimbana ndi kutopa kwambiri. Chachikulu ndikuti musaiwale kusunga kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (osafunikira kwenikweni) ndikusamalira thanzi lanu momwe mungafunikire kuti matenda otopa asabweretsedwe pabedi la chipatala. Zowona, munthu aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga (mosasamala mtundu wake) ali ndi ufulu kamodzi kamodzi m'moyo wake kuti apereke malo ofooka ndikuzindikira kuti watopa ndi matenda ashuga.

2. Konzani nthawi. Gawo lachiwiri ndikupanga njira yeniyeni yothetsera matenda. Ngakhale kufunikira kwa gawo loyambirira lakhazikitsire matendawa, "kuzizira" kwa nthawi yayitali mdziko lino sikutetezedwa ku thanzi lanu. Dzifunseni funso lachindunji: "Kodi ndili ndi nthawi yochuluka bwanji yothana ndi vuto la kutopa?" Sabata? Awiri? Kapena mwina miyezi itatu yathunthu?

Mwa kukhazikitsa nthawi, mutha kukonzekera bwino momwe mungathetsere vutoli, chifukwa gawo lachitatu ndikusintha kwenikweni, osati kwenikweni muzochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe zimayenderana ndi kuthana ndi matenda ashuga, zingakhalenso zosintha zina zomwe zingapangitse moyo wanu kukhala wosangalatsa ndikukulolani kuti muzitha kuyendetsa bwino shuga.

Ngati ndinu kholo lotanganidwa, mutha kupindula ndikupereka ntchito yoyeretsa kunyumba kwa munthu wina - kwa miyezi ingapo pomwe mukupeza mphamvu zobwerera kumoyo wanu wakale. Ngati mumaphunzira ku yunivesite ndikugwira ntchito ziwiri, mungafunike kuchepetsedwa ndikuchepetsa kuphunzira ndi kusamalira thanzi lanu kwakanthawi. Kapena mwina mukugwira ntchito yomwe mwakhala mukufunitsitsa kuti musiye kwa nthawi yayitali, kapena ntchito zambiri sizikuima tsiku lililonse, ndipo mulibe mphamvu zokwanira zoganizira za matenda ashuga. Onani moyo wanu kuchokera kumbali, ganizirani zomwe zingasinthe, ndikuyesera kupeza bwino.

3. Khalani ndi zolinga zomwe zingakhale zokwanira kudya mokwanira komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zomwe anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatopa ndi kupanikizika nthawi zonse chifukwa chofunikira kudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera. Inde, aliyense amaonabe kuti ndi udindo wake kutiuza kuti odwala matenda ashuga asamadye. (Auzeni "akatswiri" aja: kuti donut yemwe anali ndi vuto ndiwabwino kuti asadye nayonso!)

Zachidziwikire, kudziyembekezera nokha kuti kuchokera kwa munthu wotopa kwambiri, wotopa kwambiri munthawi imodzi asintha kukhala chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso moyo wathanzi sikuyenera, chifukwa izi zimangokulitsa zinthu. M'malo mwake, mukakonzeka kusintha, lonjezani kuti mupanga chinthu chatsopano chomwe chitha kukhala ndi thanzi labwino - mwachitsanzo, muziyenda nthawi yopuma, kapena pita masewera olimbitsa thupi mukangomaliza ntchito Lolemba, Lachiwiri ndi Lachinayi, kapena kutsatira mfundo zake chakudya cham'mawa chopatsa thanzi, kapena musamadye shuga wambiri patsiku limodzi. Lolani kuti chikhale china chophweka mokwanira, koma konkire. Pakatha mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri, musakhale aulesi kwambiri kuti muonjezere zatsopano.

4. Ikani zolinga zenizeni za shuga. Lingaliro lotsogolera chizolowezi chatsopano, chophweka komanso chatsimikiziridwenso chithandizanso pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Apanso, simuyenera kuyembekeza kusintha kwakukulu pamafunde amatsenga. Ndizinthu zomveka kuganiza za zomwe mungachite kuti mugwire ntchito bwino, mwachitsanzo, fufuzani shuga m'magazi anu tsiku lililonse mukadzuka, yang'anirani mosamala posankha mtundu wa insulin pa chakudya chamadzulo, kuti pofika nthawi yogona , kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kunali mkati mwa malo omwe mukufuna, kapena osangokhala mphindi imodzi kuti asiyane ndi mita, ndipo ena onse adzabwera okha.

Kuphweka komanso mwachindunji. Pang'onopang'ono. Pakatha mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri, mukakonzeka, lingalirani za chizolowezi china chomwe mungawonjezere. Ndipo inde, osazengereza kufunsa thandizo kuchokera kwa dokotala! Ngati mudakali amanyazi, itha kukhala nthawi yoti mupeze dokotala wina. Osataya mtima - gwiritsani ntchito mipata yonse yomwe ilipo kuti mupange gulu lomwe mukufuna.

5. Dzitamandeni. Chilichonse ndichopepuka monga momwe chimawonekera. Ngakhale shuga wanu wamagazi ali pafupi bwino ndipo zonse zimachitika molingana ndi mapulani, zimangokhala chifukwa cholimbikira. Ndipo ngakhale kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikokwera kuposa zomwe mukufuna, mumayesabe kupitiliza kukhala ndi moyo! Dzitamandeni chifukwa cha zoyesayesa zanu, chifukwa ndi okhawo omwe amapita tsiku ndi tsiku omwe angamvetsetse moyo womwe uli ndi matenda ashuga.

Kumbukirani, muli ndi ufulu wokhala ndi vuto lotenthera kamodzi komanso muli ndi ufulu wakuthana nalo, ngakhale litatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji. Ingolimbikirani kwambiri ndipo muzikumbukira kuti simuli nokha omwe adziwa matenda ashuga.

Yi. SYNDROMES YA NEUROLOGICAL MU DIABETES MellITUS.

Mu pathogenesis yakuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje, zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi gawo lina zimagwira ntchito yayikulu:

· microangiopathy kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya ischemic komanso chifukwa chachikulu chodzetsa matenda a asymmetric neuropathies,

· kagayidwe kachakudya matenda mu ma neurons ndi maselo a Schwann, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kupezeka kwa kuchepa kwa sorbitol kapena kuchepa kwa myoinositol komanso chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa ziwalo zamitsempha zomwe zimakula pang'onopang'ono.

Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zisonyezo zoyambirira za matendawa kupita ku chitukuko cha neuropathy, zaka 1 mpaka 25 zimatha kudutsa, ndipo nthawi zina, neuropathy ndiye koyamba kuwonekera kwa matenda a shuga.

1. Zotumphukira neuropathies. Zowonongeka kwa zotumphukira zamitsempha yamafuta zimapezeka mu 15% ya odwala, nthawi zambiri ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin ndipo amatha kutenga mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a syndromes. Nthawi zambiri kuposa ena distal symmetric polyneuropathymakamaka mawonekedwe okhudza. Madandaulo odziwika kwambiri kwa odwala oterewa ndi kugona thukuta, kumva kulira, kuwotcha miyendo, komanso nthawi zambiri usiku. Tendon amagonja pamiyendo kutuluka. Hypesthesia yamtundu wamasokosi imawonedwa. Muzoopsa, manja amakhudzidwa. Zosokoneza zowoneka bwino nthawi zina zimafikira patsogolo pamimba yam'munsi. Matenda a trophic amatha kuwonetsedwa ndi zilonda zakuya pamapazi, arthropathies yayikulu. Nthawi zina, mawonetseredwe azachipatala amakhala ndi kusokonezeka kwa chidwi champhamvu, ataxia, ma atom a chikhodzodzo ndi kufooka pang'ono m'miyendo.

Angapo mononeuropathy, yomwe imayambitsidwa makamaka ndi microangiopathy kapena microvasculitis, imakhala yodziwika kwambiri kwa anthu okalamba ndipo imayamba ndi kupweteka kumbuyo, ntchafu ndi knondo pamodzi. Kufooka kwa minofu ndi atrophy, yomwe nthawi zina imatchulidwa kwambiri, imadziwika kwambiri m'chiuno ndi m'chifuwa cha ntchafu, ngakhale zigawo zam'mbali zimathanso. Sensitivity ikhoza kukhala yolakwika kapena yolakwika. Nthawi zambiri bondo limagwera mbali yakhudzidwa. Kubweza pang'onopang'ono ntchito kumawonedwa, ndikubwezeretsanso - kulowetsa mwendo wina.

Mtundu wina proximal diabetesic neuropathy kuwonetseredwa ndi kufooka koyesa komanso kufinya kwa minofu ya ntchafu, mpaka pang'ono - minofu ya mapewa ndi phewa, pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Ululu nthawi zambiri umasowa, mavuto azovuta amakhala ofatsa. Mtunduwu umalumikizidwa ndimatenda a metabolic, osatinso ndi microangiopathy ndipo uli ndi chidziwitso chabwino chotsutsana ndi maziko a standardoglycemia.

Acute Diabetesic Radiculopathy, yomwe imakonda kukhala ndi distal symmetric polyneuropathy ndipo imatha kuchitika mulimonse, koma nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo thoracic yotsika (Th₆ - Th₁₂) ndi ma lumbar apamwamba (L₂ - L₄) mizu. Mizu imodzi kapena iwiri yoyandikana yotsika mbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse zimakhudzidwa makamaka (diabetic thoracoabdominal neuropathy. Kwambiri herpes zoster pakati kapena m'munsi pachifuwa, ikuwonekera kumtunda kapena pakati, omwe nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa chifukwa kuwonetsa kwa matenda am'mimba, mtima, ndi pleura, ndi khalidwe. Odwala ambiri amawonetsa kuchepa kwa chidwi chakumaso pamadera omwe akhudzidwa ndi thupi. Nthawi yomweyo, ulusi wa mota umakhudzidwa, koma kugonjetsedwa kwawo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa. Mwa ena mwa odwala mumakhala kufooka kwam'mimba. Kawirikawiri, matenda ashuga radiculopathy amakhudza mizere yotsika ya lumbar komanso chapamwamba (L₅ - s₂) ndi mizu ya khomo pachibelekeropo (C₅-C₇) Radiculopathy nthawi zambiri imabweranso, ndikusintha kutulutsa. Zoneneratu zabwino. Nthawi zopitilira 3/4, kuchira kwathunthu kumachitika mchaka.

Odwala a shuga angayambe kokonza mononeuropathies mitsempha yachiphuphu. Makamaka kuphatikizidwa kwa mitsempha yapakati kumapezeka mu carpal ngalal, mitsempha ya ulnar kumutu. Pa miyendo, mitsempha ya tibial komanso yachikazi imakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri.

2. Autonomic Neuropathy. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika motsutsana ndi chiyambi cha matenda a shuga ambiri, koma ndimatenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, nthawi zina amakumana kale kumayambiriro kwa matendawa (amaganiza kuti pamenepa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a autoimmune). Magawo obwerezabwereza a hypoglycemia omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali osakwanira insulin mankhwala (hypoglycemic polyneuropathy) amathanso kukhala chifukwa cha polyneuropathy. Autonomic polyneuropathy imawonetsedwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa zizindikiro za kupuma kwapafupipafupi: gastroparesis, kuchepa kwamitsempha, tachycardia kupumula, kugunda kwamtima, orthostatic hypotension, anhydrosis, chikhodzodzo cha neurogenic, kuperewera kwa carotid, kusabala. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso a mtima am'manja, kudziwika pafupipafupi kwa mtima kapena kupweteka modekha kumadziwika.

3. Kugonjetsedwa kwamanjenje zamkati. Cranial neuropathy nthawi zambiri imakhudza mitsempha ya oculomotor nerve (III awiri), kawirikawiri kawirikawiri abducent (YI pair) ndi block (IY pair) mitsempha (pachimake matenda ashuga ophthalmoplegia). Anthu opitirira zaka 50 zakubadwa amakhala okhudzidwa. Matendawa amayamba kwambiri ndikumva kupweteka kwambiri m'chigawo cha periorbital, chomwe chimatsala masiku angapo kufooka. Pakufufuzidwa, kuletsa kwa kusuntha kwamaso ndi mawonekedwe aukatswiri a ana kuwululidwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti ndi ischemia, ulusi wamkati wamitsempha umavutika, pomwe ulusi wa parasympathetic womwe umakhala pamphepete umakhalabe wolimba. Ndi kukakamira kwa mitsempha (gawo la III) (makamaka, ndi aneurysm ya chotupa cholumikizira), Zizindikiro zimayamba ndi mwana wofinya. Mitsempha ya YI imakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri kuposa ena. Matenda ake opuwala m'matenda a shuga amakhala ndi njira yodziwika bwino ndipo amakomoka mkati mwa miyezi itatu. Zitha kuwonedwa Tolosa-Khanty syndrome, kwa omwe odwala matenda ashuga amawonetseratu. nkhope yamitsempha, negegia ya trigeminal ndi cochlear neuropathy.

4. Zowonongeka.Kuwonongeka kwamatenda a shuga kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga a retinopathy, kuwala kwa maso ndi maso, kuchepa kwa mitsempha, kutupa kwa mitsempha ya optic ndi zifukwa zina. Nthawi zambiri, retinopathy ndiyomwe imapangitsa kuchepetsa maonedwe owoneka. Nthawi zina kutenga nawo mbali mbali yammaso (ma cataract, ma micaneurysms ndi zotupa, zotuluka) ndikofunikira.

5. Zilonda zam'muna zam'mimba. Myelopathy imakhala yocheperako kusiyana ndikumangotulutsa mitsempha ndipo imakonda kuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa zipilala zam'mbuyo ndi zam'mbuyo. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi kusokonezeka pakumvekera mwamphamvu, hypesthesia ya conductor. Chizindikiro chakuthwa cha Babinsky, kufooka ndi ataxia m'madera otsika. Vuto lothandizira chikhodzodzo nthawi zambiri limachitika chifukwa cha zotumphukira za maulamuliro a m'mimba.

6. Syndromes kuwonongeka kwa ubongo tsinde ndi ubongo hemispheres. Izi syndromes amayamba chifukwa cha matenda amisempha. Atherosulinosis ndi matenda oopsa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda a shuga ndipo zimayambitsa matenda a ischemic. Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo chifukwa cha sitiroko kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri pamaso pa hyperglycemia.

Kutalikirana kwa "pure" dysmetabolic encephalopathy mu shuga ndi zovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amawonera. Nthawi zina imadziwonekera muzochitika za pseudo-stroke zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa minyewa. Mu madzi ammagazi, kuwonjezeka kwa shuga ndi mapuloteni ndizotheka.

7. Coma. Hyperosmolarity choyambitsa matenda ambiri a shuga. Iwowokha imatha kudzetsa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kapena amathandizira kumayambira kwa kekeacidosis kapena lactic acidosis. Non-ketonic hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma (pamene shuga m'magazi nthawi zambiri imakhala yoposa 800 mg / 100 ml yokhala ndi osmolarity yoposa 350 mosm / kg) makamaka kwa odwala okalamba omwe ali ndi mtundu II shuga mellitus. Mawonetsedwe ake azachipatala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chisokonezo chokhazikika, kudutsa mu stupor ndi chikomokere, komanso zizindikiro za kuchepa mphamvu kwa thupi. Kudwala khunyu kapena pang'ono pang'ono kumachitika pafupifupi 20% ya milandu, komanso kufooka kwa sitiroko ngati 25%. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwedezeka kwa chimfine kapena asterixis, hemichorea, hemianopsia, kuyerekezera zinthu zamtsogolo kumatheka. Zotsatira zakuchuluka kwa hyperosmolarity, kufooka kwa metabolic kumachitika m'dera la mlatho ndi mbali zina zamkati mwamanjenje. M'mayeso a labotale, hyperglycemia yamphamvu imapezeka, pamodzi ndi zizindikiro za kuchepa mphamvu kwa thupi. Pafupifupi kotala la odwala ali ndi lactic acidosis, yomwe kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kofikira, komanso odwala ambiri amakhala ndi kulephera kwa impso. Popanda chithandizo, odwala onse amafa.

Matenda a shuga ketoacidosis Nthawi zambiri amapezeka odwala a shuga omwe amadalira insulin ndipo amayambitsa kukomoka pafupifupi 10% ya odwala. Nthawi zambiri amakula mwamphamvu kapena subacute. Odwala ambiri, akavomera kuchipatala, amadziwa bwino, ali ndi mbiri yakumwa ludzu, polyuria, anorexia ndi kutopa. Amakhala wopanda madzi, amasamala za mseru, kusanza komanso kupweteka kwam'mimba. Momwe kupumira kwapakati kumachitika pafupipafupi (kupuma kwa Kussmaul) kumawonetsa Hyperventilation, pang'onopang'ono kulipira metabolic acidosis.

Diabetesic Lactic Acidosis Nthawi zambiri amapezeka odwala kulandira hypoglycemic mankhwala mapiritsi. Makina opanga kwambiri lactate mapangidwe sakudziwika. Zizindikiro zamankhwala ndizofanana ndi diabetesic ketoacidosis. Kuphatikiza apo, pali kukhalapo kwa ochepa ochepa hypotension kapena kugwedezeka komanso kusapezeka kwa matupi ambiri a ketone m'magazi am'magazi.

Hypoglycemia, mogwirizana ndi bongo wa insulin, ingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa zigawo zina za kotekisi, hippocampus, basal ganglia, cerebellum. Odwala nthawi zina samazindikira hypoglycemia chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa ubongo komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi hypoglycemia yokha. Nthawi zina kuukira kwa hypoglycemia kumadziwika ndi ena okha, kulabadira kusintha kwa wodwalayo. Kuukira kwa hypoglycemia kumatha kutsatiridwa ndi delirium, kusokonezeka kwa tsinde ndi neurogenic hyperventilation ndi decerebral rigidity, stroke-like episode okhala ndi mawonekedwe owonetsa kapena kukomoka kwapawiri. Zizindikiro zowoneka nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mu stenotic cerebral artery pool (chifukwa cha mgwirizano wa hypoglycemia ndi ischemia). Hypothermia, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapezeka pakadutsa, imatha kukhala yofunikira pakuzindikira. Kusokonezeka ndi kusintha kwa machitidwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri shuga atagwa m'munsi mwa 3-4 mmol / L, kukomoka komanso kukomoka kumatsika pansi pamtunda wa 2-3 mmol / L, ndipo chikomero chakuya chimagwera pansi pa 1 mmol / L. Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia regressing pamene shuga amaperekedwa pakamwa kapena kudzera m'mitsempha. Nthawi zina zizindikiro zotsalira zimapitiliza, zomwe, zikaunjikana, zimatha kuyambitsa matenda a dementia.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka kwa odwala matenda a shuga amathanso kukhala hyponatremiamogwirizana ndi matenda osakwanira katulutsidwe wa mankhwala a antidiuretic, kufalitsa intravascular coagulation, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, kulephera kwaimpso, ischemic stroke.

Chifukwa chake, m'matenda a pituitary, chithokomiro, matenda a parathyroid, gren adrenal, ndi matenda a shuga, ma mitsempha osiyanasiyana amachitika. Nthawi yomweyo, mosatsimikiza mtima, zimatsogolera pakukhazikika kwa kayendedwe koyipa pamene njira ya mkati mwa ziwalo zamkati imayambitsa masinthidwe amanjenje, ndipo kuphwanya kwa kayendetsedwe kazinthu zamanjenje kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukuru kwa njira ya pathological mu ziwalo zamkati.

Sanapeze zomwe mukuyang'ana? Gwiritsani ntchito kusaka:

5. Kusintha kwa magawo a labotale a shuga.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe kuzindikira kwawo kumakhazikika kwathunthu pazotsatira zasayansi.

Mwakuyesa konse magazi Kusintha sikuchitika.

Pakuwunika kwamwazi wamagazi shuga amatsimikizika ndi njira ya glucose oxidase - zomwe zili bwino m'magazi a capillary ndi 3.5 - 5.5 mmol / L, ndipo m'magazi a venous amakhala otsika 0,1 mmol / L.

Tebulo lomwe lili pansipa limapereka njira zotsatirazi zozindikira matenda a shuga zomwe bungwe la WHO linapereka mu 1999.

Glycemia m'magazi a capillary, omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi glucose oxidase njira, mmol / l

Patatha maola awiri mutachita masewera olimbitsa thupi

Kuthamanga magazi

zochulukirapo kapena zofanana ndi 5.6

wamkulu kuposa kapena wofanana ndi 6.1

zochulukirapo kapena zofanana ndi 11.1

Kulekerera kwa shuga

zochulukirapo kapena zofanana ndi 7.8

Ngati kudziwika kwa matendawa sikumadziwika kapena kukayikira, kuyeserera kwa shuga.

Mutuwu umatenga magazi a capillary kuchokera pachala chala pamimba yopanda kanthu kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga. Pambuyo pake, amamwa 75 ga shuga osungunuka mu 250-300 ml ya madzi kwa mphindi 5-15. Muyeso wachiwiri wamagazi amatengedwa patatha maola awiri mutamwa shuga. Pakumayesedwa, wodwalayo sayenera kusuta ndikuchita zolimbitsa thupi.

Matenda a shuga ndi njira yodutsamo yomwe kudya glycemia kungakhale kochulukirapo kapena kofanana ndi 6.1 mmol / L, ndipo mukatha kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumakhala kochulukirapo kapena kofanana ndi 11.1 mmol / L.

Kulekerera kwa shuga. Momwe mungazindikire kuperewera kwa glucose wovomerezeka ndi msana wa glycemia wochepera 6.1 mmol / pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndipo mutatha kuyendetsa shuga - hyperglycemia pamtunda kuchokera pa 7.8 mpaka 11.1 mmol / L.

Kuthamanga glycemia. Njira zoyeserera ndi kusala kwa hyperglycemia (ofanana kapena akulu kuposa 5.6 mmol / L), i.e. pali insulin yopuma yokwanira, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuyankha kofunikira kwa kapamba poyankha kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Kuchokera pamitundu ina ya biochemical, ndizotheka kudziwa glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1c, fructosamine, momwe mulingo womwe umagwirizana ndi mulingo wa glycemia.

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa lipid metabolism, kutsegula kwa lipolysis, ndikuwonjezera njira za lipid peroxidation pakuwunika kwa magazi, mitembo ya ketone ikhoza kutsimikizika, yomwe imaphatikizapo acetone, acetoacetic acid ndi b-hydroxybutyric acid.

Ndikothekanso kuweruza kuchuluka kwa kubwezeredwa kwa shuga ndi chithandizo chamankhwala amtundu wa shuga. Pankhaniyi, magazi a capillary amachitika masana maola atatu aliwonse ndi chakudya chamagulu. M'pofunika kusankha mlingo ndi kudziwa nthawi ya makonzedwe a insulin.

Urinalysis. Mumkodzo wa anthu athanzi, glucose kulibe kapena kutsimikizika mu kuchuluka, chifukwa amadziwikanso kwathunthu m'matumbo a impso. Njira zingapo zoyenera kudziwa shuga mumkodzo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: Kuyesa kwa Nilander, njira ya gluidose oxidase, pogwiritsa ntchito magwiridwe oyesera a glucose. Kwa wodwala matenda ashuga, glucosuria imadziwika palimodzi pa kutumikiridwa kamodzi, makamaka mkodzo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Pakuwunika kokwanira kwa mkodzo, kutsimikiza kofunikira kwa matupi a ketone kumatha kuchitika. Nthawi zambiri, matupi a ketone mumkodzo samapezeka. Ndi nthawi yayitali ya matendawa, kubwezeretsa bwino komanso chizolowezi cha ketoacidosis, ketonuria yapezeka.

Diabetes Syndromes mu Makanda Omupya ndi Ana

Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya matenda a shuga a "ana" ndi Moriak ndi Nobekur syndromes.

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu zaubwana ndi matenda a shuga achinyamata chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali kwa matenda a ketoacidosis komanso matenda a hypoglycemic. Pakadali pano, ngati tili ndi insulin yokwanira ndikuwunika shuga mthupi mwathunthu, matendawa afika patali.

Zizindikiro za matenda a Moriak:

• otsala kukula, kugonana ndi thupi. Kupangidwa kwa machitidwe achiwerewere kumachepetsedwa, mwa atsikana osasamba,
• matenda a mafupa
• kukulitsa chiwindi
• kunenepa kwambiri, mawonekedwe a "mawonekedwe owoneka ngati mwezi".

Kuwonjezeka pamimba ndi matendawa kumachitika osati chifukwa cha mafutawo, komanso chifukwa cha chiwindi chophatikizidwa.

Pankhaniyi, kugwira ntchito kwa chiwindi kumakhala kwachilendo. Chithandizo chimakhala kulipirira matendawa ndikuwasunga. Ndi chithandizo cha panthawi yake, zakutsogolo kwa moyo ndizabwino.

Zizindikiro zakuchipatala za matendawa ndi zofanana ndi matenda a Moriak.

Pali zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ana asadwale mopitirira muyeso.

Matendawa amawonetsedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, komanso kuchepetsedwa pakukula kwa kugonana komanso thupi.

Mankhwalawa ndi ofanana ndi a Moriak's syndrome: chindapusa chokhazikika cha matendawa.

Mikhalidwe ya Moriak ndi Nobekur syndromes imasinthidwa nthawi zambiri. Kulipira kagayidwe kachakudya njira kumabweretsa kuti normalization wa kukula ndi yachiwiri kugonana makhalidwe.

Kodi matendawa amapezeka bwanji?

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga kumaphatikiza kuyesa koyenera, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zothandizira.

Kusanthula koyambirira komanso kwakukulu komwe kuyenera kuperekedwa kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi vuto la matenda osokoneza bongo ndiko kuyamwa kwa magazi. Kwa masiku angapo musanapereke magazi kuti muwoneke, sikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira zakudya komanso kusintha moyo wanu.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kuti mupeze zotsatira zoyenera, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo ena:

• magazi amaperekedwa m'mawa okha komanso pamimba yopanda kanthuꓼ
• chakudya chotsiriza chikhala pafupifupi maola khumi njira isanachitike
• Madzulo a phunziroli, zochitika zodetsa nkhawa komanso kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwa zinthu zomwe zikuwonjezera kuchita ziyenera kupewa.

Kuphatikiza apo, njira zofufuzira komanso maphunziro omwe angakhale nawo akuphatikizaponso:

• kuyesa komwe kumatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa kulolera kwa shugaꓼ
• adasanthula mphamvu yazizindikiro zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa glycemiaлик
• kusanthula kwakanthawi kwamkodzo kumachitika kuti mupeze zambiri monga kupezeka kwa mapuloteni, maselo oyera am'magazi komanso kuchuluka kwa glucose mu labotore, kuwunika kungachitike chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa mkodzo mumkodzoꓼ
• magazi amaperekedwa kuti pakhale glycosylated hemoglobin, yomwe imawulula kukula kwa shuga
• Zotsatira zamagazi oyesa zitha kudziwa kuyendetsa bwino kwa chiwindi ndi impso
• Malinga ndi zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi, mutha kupezanso chidziwitso pamlingo wa insulin.

Kuphatikiza apo, kufunsira ndikuwunika ndi ophthalmologist kungafunike, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kowopsa m'masomphenya. Katswiri wa zamankhwala amasanthula ndalama ndikuwona kuchuluka kwa kutayika.

Nthawi zina, wodwalayo amapatsidwa njira yoyezera zam'mimba komanso electrocardiogram, popeza nthendayo imakhudza mtima ndi mtima.

Njira zazikulu zamankhwala

Chithandizo cha matendawa chimatengera kuzindikira komwe madokotala apeza. Kuphatikiza mankhwala a matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kuyenera kuphatikizapo:

• mankhwala ꓼ
• zakudya chakudyaꓼ
• zolimbitsa thupi.

Mankhwala a insulin, motere, amatsimikizika ndi kukula kwa matenda am'matumbo ndi zomwe wodwala aliyense ali nazo. Chiwembu chimodzi chomwe chidzagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa odwala onse popanda kusiyanasiyana kulibe lero.

Pochiza matenda a shuga 2, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti matenda a shuga achulukane. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsatira zakudya zomwe adayamwa komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga lamulo, chimaphatikizaponso kumwa mankhwala oteteza pakamwa omwe amafunikira kumwa kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku.Ngati sizikuthandiza, dokotala yemwe akupezekapo angaganize za kufunika kwa mankhwala a insulin.

Nthawi zambiri, mankhwala a insulin amayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zotsatirazi:

• wodwalayo amayamba kuchepa thupi msangaꓼ
• Mankhwala omwe amamwa samabweretsa zotsatira zomwe mukufuna
• matendawa amayamba kukula msanga, zizindikiro zoyambirira za zovuta zake zimawonekera.

Munthawi yomweyo ndi mankhwala a insulin, zakudya zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsitsa shuga m'magazi.

Chakudyacho chimapangidwa potsatira mfundo izi:

1. Zinthu zovomerezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Izi ndi monga zamasamba ndi nyemba, bowa watsopano, kapena wowotcha, komanso zakumwa za shuga ndi zakumwa za tiyi.
2. Kudya nkhuku kapena nsomba, mazira, zipatso ndi zipatso zochepa. Zokwanira, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamkaka zokhala ndi mafuta ochepa.

Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zonse zoletsedwa ziyenera kupatula zakudya.

Mu kanema munkhaniyi, Elena Malysheva amalankhula zoyamba za matenda ashuga komanso kupezeka kwake.