Magawo a shuga

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ofala pakati pa anthu amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana, akumachitika m'magawo. Magawo a shuga mellitus amasiyanitsidwa pamaziko a chithunzi cha chipatala cha chitukuko cha matenda ndi kudziwa njira ina yoperekera chithandizo. Pathology ndiyosachiritsika, koma kudziwika nthawi komanso kutsatira njira zopewera kumachepetsa mkhalidwe wa thupi, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa thupi.

ZOFUNIKA KUDZIWA! Ngakhale odwala matenda ashuga kwambiri amatha kuchiritsidwa kunyumba, popanda opaleshoni kapena zipatala. Ingowerenga zomwe Marina Vladimirovna akunena. werengani zonena zake.

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiani?

Matenda a shuga amayamba chifukwa cha kulephera kwa kagayidwe kachakudya ka thupi ndi kuperewera kwa chakudya m'thupi. Kusagwirizana kumakhudza mkhalidwe wa kapamba, omwe amayamba kudzipangitsa pang'onopang'ono. Zotsatira zake, insulini yofunikira pokonza shuga mu glucose ndikuigwiritsa ntchito ngati mphamvu siyipangidwe moyenera. Njira imeneyi ikasokonekera, maselo sangapange shuga. Amadziunjikira m'mwazi ndi mkodzo. Kusintha kwazinthu zakumadzi zakunyumba kumapangitsa kuti madzi ambiri azichotsedwa m'thupi. DM ndi yatsopano komanso yotenga.

Shuga amachepetsedwa nthawi yomweyo! Matenda a shuga m'kupita kwa nthawi angayambitse matenda ambiri, monga mavuto amawonedwe, khungu ndi tsitsi, zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba komanso matenda otupa! Anthu amaphunzitsa zinzake zowawa kuti azisintha shuga. werengani.

Mitundu ya Matenda A shuga

Muzochita zamankhwala, mitundu ingapo ya shuga imadziwika. Matenda a shuga amadziwika kuti kusowa kwa insulini kokwanira kapena pang'ono. Mitundu yayikulu ya matenda a shuga ndi monga:

• Mtundu 1 wodwala insulin. Pali matenda chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kapangidwe ka insulin ndi kapamba motsutsa maziko akuwonongeka kwa chiwalo.
• Mtundu 2 wosadalira insulin. Cholinga chachikulu cha kusinthaku chagona pakuperewera kwa maselo ku insulin.
• Okakamiza. Zikuwoneka pakati pathupi.
• Endocrinopathy. Matenda a endocrine.
• DM imayamba ndi mankhwala komanso mankhwala.
• Matenda a shuga, omwe adayamba chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana.
• Mitundu yosakhazikika ya matenda a shuga oletsa kutetezedwa.
• Zosintha zamtundu wina zomwe zimadutsana ndi shuga.

Gawo loyamba la matenda ashuga

Amadziwika ndi kutengera kwa chibadwa cha matenda. Kuwonekera kwa zizindikiro zowonekeratu za chitukuko cha matendawa pakadali pano kulibe. Kuyesa kwa labotale kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwepo kupezeka kwa majini opunduka. Gawo ndilopweteketsa m'chilengedwe, komabe, podziwa za majini oyipa ndikotheka kuchedwetsa matendawa.

Gawo lachiwiri la chitukuko

Zotsatira za chothandizira pakukula kwa matenda zimawonekera. Kukhalapo kwa chibadwa chofunikira pakukula kwa matendawa sikupereka chitsimikizo kuti matendawo awonekadi. Mankhwala, zinthu zonse zoyambitsa vutoli sizinakhazikitsidwe. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimatithandizira ndi ma virus komanso opatsirana, komanso kusakwanira kwa chitetezo chathupi poyankha.

Gawo lachitatu ndi mawonekedwe

Kuwonekera kogwira ntchito kumadziwika mu odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amakhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo. Kukula kumachitika modabwitsa, popanda zizindikilo zoonekeratu, kwa zaka zingapo. Panthawi yofufuza zamankhwala, kuwonongeka kwa maselo omwe amapanga insulin kumawonekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa shuga m'magazi. Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo amayesedwa.

Gawo 4 lachigawo ndi mawonekedwe

Maphunzirowa amatanthauzidwa monga matenda opatsirana a shuga. Pakutukuka kwa gawoli, palibe chikhalidwe chokhazikika chachipatala. Wodwala amatha kumva kuchepa mphamvu komanso kufooka, mavuto ndi maso (conjunctivitis) amawoneka ndipo zithupsa zimayamba. Ntchito yayikulu pakusintha mkhalidwe, pakadali pano, ndikuchotsa matenda amaso ndi khungu.

Gawo 5 la matenda

Njira yamatendawa imawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zamankhwala, monga kukakamiza pafupipafupi kukodza, kuwonda. Ngati chithandizo cha mankhwala sichinapangidwe molondola, matendawa amayamba kukhazikika. Pakangotha ​​mwezi umodzi, matendawa amapeza zizindikiro zowopsa. Pambuyo poika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin, matendawa amayamba kuchepa.

Gawo 6 lomaliza

Njira ya matenda ashuga ndi yathunthu. Pali kufa kwathunthu kwamaselo omwe amapanga insulin, yomwe imatsogolera kudalira kwathunthu kwa insulin. Zimakhala zosatheka kuwongolera chitukuko cha matenda ashuga. Kuwonongeka msanga kwa vutolo, kuyamwa kwa shuga mumkodzo komanso kulephera kusunga madzi mthupi, kumapangitsa kukulitsa zovuta komanso kudwala matenda ashuga.

Gulu Lachiwiri la 2 shuga

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri ali ndi magawo okula komanso zizindikilo zomwe zimasiyana ndi mtundu 1 chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zomwe zimachitika.

Zina zamtundu wa shuga woterewu zimadziwika ndi:

• kumasuka kwa maphunziro a zamatenda, kusintha kwa thanzi kumachitika pokhazikitsa zakudya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala,
• Kusintha kwake kukhazikika mukumwa makapisozi atatu a mankhwala ochepetsa shuga,
• jakisoni wa insulin amafunikira.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amakhala ndi magawo angapo a chitukuko, omwe amaperekedwa pagome:

• Choyamba ndi chofooka. Munthu amakhalabe wathanzi, koma kunenepa kumakula. Kuwerengera magazi a labotale amakhalanso kwachilendo. Kutsatira zakudya ndi mankhwala kumathandiza kukonza mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.
• Chachiwiri chimadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito, zizindikilo za zovuta zimawonedwa. Kusintha kuchokera pagawo lofewa kumawonedwa motsutsana ndi maziko a kusokonezeka kwa ziwalo zina zamkati ndi machitidwe. Kuwongolera vutoli kumatheka potsatira kudya, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi jakisoni ndi mankhwala.
• Chachitatu ndi vuto lalikulu. Njira zochizira mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala komanso zakudya sizimapereka zotsatira zabwino. Kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa mkodzo. Zizindikiro za zovuta za ziwalo zamasomphenya zimakula msanga, mavuto ndi miyendo imawonekera.
• Wachinayi ndi womaliza, wodziwika ndi koopsa wa pathology. Pakadali pano, matenda azachipatala samachiritsika. Kutulutsa shuga ndi mapuloteni kudzera mkodzo kumachitika, ndipo kulephera kwa impso kumayamba.

Mawu omaliza

Muzochita zamankhwala, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya shuga imasiyanitsidwa, chachikulu cha iwo: cholowa ndi chopezeka. Kuwonetsera kulikonse kumakhala ndi magawo ake achitukuko ndikuwonetsa kwa chipatala. Chiyanjanitso cholumikizira ndikufunika kosasinthika kwa insulin ndikusungika njira zoyenera za thupi. Njira zakuchipatala komanso zodzitetezera zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyo wanga wonse, chifukwa matenda ashuga ndi matenda osachiritsika.

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiyani?

Matenda a shuga ndi gulu la matenda omwe gawo lawo lalikulu ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi otumphukira. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kusowa kwa insulin, yomwe ndi yofanana ndi matenda a shuga 1. Komanso, chifukwa chake zimakhala kuti mathupi amthupi samvera insulin - iyi ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Mtundu wina wosiyanitsa wa matendawa ndi matenda ashuga, Zizindikiro za matendawa zimawonekera pathupi ndipo zimadutsa pomaliza.

1. Pabetes

Ichi ndi chikhalidwe pomwe matendawa omwe sanakwaniritsidwe, koma zonse zipita. Nazi zina mwazomwe zitha kumuchenjeza munthu kuti asadwale matenda ashuga.

Makolo kapena agogo a odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga nawonso amadwala matendawa. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa matenda ashuga amtundu 1.

Kunenepa kwambiri kumayambitsa matenda a shuga, chifukwa ndi omwe amakhumudwitsa insulin, ndiye kuti, minyewa yotsutsana ndi insulin. Zotsatira zake, glucose sangathe kufikira minofu yomwe imafunikira, ndipo munthu amakhala ndi njala, zomwe zimamupangitsa kuti ayang'ane kwambiri mufiriji. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zachisoni: kulemera kukukulanso. Zimakhala zozungulira, ndipo nkovuta kuzimatula.

"Ngwazi idabereka!" - Izi ndi zomwe nthawi zambiri amafotokoza zokhudza mayi yemwe wabereka mwana wamkulu kuposa 4500 g. Inde, iyi ndi nkhani yonyadira kwa papa. Komabe, iyi ikhoza kukhala belu lochititsa mantha kuti mtsogolomo mkazi wotereyu atha kudwala matenda ashuga. Chiwopsezo chimawonjezeka ngati panali ana ambiri otere.

2. Matenda a shuga

Gawoli, pamene mawonetseredwe azachipatala akadalibe. Komabe, kupenda kumawonetsa kuloleza kwa glucose. Ndiye kuti, pamimba yopanda kanthu, shuga akhoza kukhala wabwinobwino (kugwa pakati pa 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l) kapena kukhala pamlingo wokwera kwambiri. Komabe, maola awiri atatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera shuga, chiwerengerochi chikhoza kukhala chokwera kuposa chizolowezi chovomerezeka cha 7.8 mmol / L, koma osakwana 11.1 mmol / L. Gawo la matenda ashuga owonjezera likutanthauza kuti ngati njira zodzitchinjiriza zimayambira munthawi yake, ndiye kuti matendawa atha kupewedwa. Komabe, ngati simusintha chilichonse, mwayi wodwala ndiwambiri.

3. Matenda osokoneza bongo

Gawo lino, momwe mawonetseredwe azachipatala alipo, zizindikiro za shuga zam'mimba ndizoposa zodziwika bwino. Munthu akhoza kuvutika ndi ludzu, kukamwa kowuma, kukoka pafupipafupi, kufooka, kuchepa thupi (mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga) kapena, m'malo mwake, kupeza msanga (mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga). Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuwona dokotala wa endocrinologist ku ofesi ya adotolo posachedwa kuti musankhe chithandizo chamankhwala.

Magawo awiri oyamba a shuga ndi mikhalidwe yomwe imatha kuwongoleredwa. Ngati matendawo wadutsa pagawo lomveka bwino, kuzindikira kwake kudzakhalapobe kwamuyaya.

Matenda a shuga

Muubwana:

kuda nkhawa kwambiri kwa mwana (amachepetsa pamene akuyika pachifuwa)

Kuchepetsa thupi ndi chidwi chambiri

Chizindikiro cha ma diarroti "okhala ndi nyenyezi"

Matenda a shuga

Paukalamba:

polydipsia (ludzu lakuchulukitsidwa) polyphagy (kuchuluka kudya)

polyuria (kukodza mopitirira muyeso), ma enuresis amatha kuwoneka

kufooka, kuchepa thupi, kuwuma pakhungu ndi pakhungu.

pruritus, kulimbikira furunculosis, candidiasis a pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba, matenda a shuga m'mataya, chibwano, malo olemekezeka

Zizindikiro

1. Kuthamanga shuga wa magazi (3.3-5.5 mmol / L, osapitirira 6.1 mmol / L)

2. Kuyeserera kwa glucose (PTH) (kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi)

Kusala 1. Zakudya

2. Kuwongolera shuga m'magazi oyanjana

3. PTH kamodzi pachaka

Mavuto a shuga

Matenda a shuga a retinopathy (kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya m'maso ndi magazi), oyipa

Matenda ashuga nephropathy (kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya za glomeruli ndi tubules a impso)

Matenda a diabetesic neuropathy (chiwopsezo cha galimoto ndi mphamvu zamagulu ndi machitidwe)

Diabetesic Hyropathy (kuletsa kuyenda kosagwirizana)

Lipodystrophy (pamalo opangira jakisoni wa insulin)

Ketoacidotic ndi hypoclycemic chikomokere

Zowonongeka kwa kapamba (hypoglycemia syndrome)

Anazindikira kuti ali ndi shuga m'magazi a 2.2-2.8 mmol / L

(mu makanda osakwana 1.7 mmol / l)

Munthawi yamakono

• Zizindikiro zikuluzikulu: Kulira kofatsa, kosaganizira, kusokonekera kwa cyanosis, tachycardia ndi tachypnea, kunjenjemera, pallor, thukuta, ulesi, umphawi

• Zizindikiro zamaso: kuyandama, kuzungulira kwa ma eyeb, eyest

Kodi magawo akuluakulu a matenda ndi ati

Magawo a shuga omwe amapezeka mwa wodwala aliyense amene ali ndi matenda.

1. Pabetes

Ichi ndi chikhalidwe pomwe matendawa omwe sanakwaniritsidwe, koma zonse zipita. Nazi zina mwazomwe zitha kumuchenjeza munthu kuti asadwale matenda ashuga.

Makolo kapena agogo a odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga nawonso amadwala matendawa. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa matenda ashuga amtundu 1.

Kunenepa kwambiri kumayambitsa matenda a shuga, chifukwa ndi omwe amakhumudwitsa insulin, ndiye kuti, minyewa yotsutsana ndi insulin. Zotsatira zake, glucose sangathe kufikira minofu yomwe imafunikira, ndipo munthu amakhala ndi njala, zomwe zimamupangitsa kuti ayang'ane kwambiri mufiriji. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zachisoni: kulemera kukukulanso. Zimakhala zozungulira, ndipo nkovuta kuzimatula.

"Ngwaziyo idabereka!" -Izi ndizomwe nthawi zambiri amakamba za mzimayi yemwe wabala mwana wamkulu kuposa 4500 g.Zachidziwikire, izi ndi nkhani yonyada kwa papa. Komabe, iyi ikhoza kukhala belu lochititsa mantha kuti mtsogolomo mkazi wotereyu atha kudwala matenda ashuga. Chiwopsezo chimawonjezeka ngati panali ana ambiri otere.

2. Matenda a shuga

Gawoli, pamene mawonetseredwe azachipatala akadalibe. Komabe, kupenda kumawonetsa kuloleza kwa glucose. Ndiye kuti, pamimba yopanda kanthu, shuga akhoza kukhala wabwinobwino (kugwa pakati pa 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l) kapena kukhala pamlingo wokwera kwambiri. Komabe, maola awiri atatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera shuga, chiwerengerochi chikhoza kukhala chokwera kuposa chizolowezi chovomerezeka cha 7.8 mmol / L, koma osakwana 11.1 mmol / L. Gawo la matenda ashuga owonjezera likutanthauza kuti ngati njira zodzitchinjiriza zimayambira munthawi yake, ndiye kuti matendawa atha kupewedwa. Komabe, ngati simusintha chilichonse, mwayi wodwala ndiwambiri.

3. Matenda osokoneza bongo

Gawo lino, momwe mawonetseredwe azachipatala alipo, zizindikiro za shuga zam'mimba ndizoposa zodziwika bwino. Munthu akhoza kuvutika ndi ludzu, kukamwa kowuma, kukoka pafupipafupi, kufooka, kuchepa thupi (mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga) kapena, m'malo mwake, kupeza msanga (mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga). Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuwona dokotala wa endocrinologist ku ofesi ya adotolo posachedwa kuti musankhe chithandizo chamankhwala. Magawo awiri oyamba a shuga ndi mikhalidwe yomwe imatha kuwongoleredwa. Ngati matendawo wadutsa pagawo lomveka bwino, kuzindikira kwake kudzakhalapobe kwamuyaya.