Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga ndi insulin mankhwala ndi zakudya

Shuga mellitus (DM) ndimatenda am'magazi a endocrine omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kapamba wamunthu. Zotsatira zake, imayamba kupanga mahomoni ofunikira pang'ono monga insulin, kapena kusiya kwathunthu kupanga. Chifukwa chosowa insulini, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumangosungidwa nthawi zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa moyo wa anthu pachiwopsezo. Matenda a shuga amakhudza chaka chilichonse anthu ochulukirapo. Sasunga ana aang'ono kwambiri, kapena akulu ndi okalamba. Chifukwa chosakwanira kuchuluka kwa insulin, thupi silingathe kupanga chakudya chamafuta kuchokera ku chakudya, ndipo minyewa silandira mphamvu yofunikira pakuchita bwino.

Udindo wa insulin matenda

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mwa akulu onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, pafupifupi 30% amamwa insulini. Madokotala amakono azindikira kufunika kwa kuwongolera kwathunthu misempha ya magazi, motero sangachedwe, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amapatsidwa insulin yodwala kwa odwala awo.

Insulin imathandizira thupi kuyamwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa cha cholinga chake, shuga omwe amapezeka kuchokera kwa chakudya omwe amapatsidwa ndi chakudya. Munthu akatha kudya zakudya zamafuta kapena kumwa chakumwa chokoma, misempha ya magazi imayamba kukwera. Poyankha maselo a beta mu kapamba, ma sign amalandiridwa za kufunika kokamasulidwa kwa insulin m'madzi a m'magazi.

Udindo wa kapamba, insulin

Ntchito ya insulin yopangidwa ndi kapamba ikhoza kufotokozedwa ngati ntchito yamatekisi. Popeza glucose sangalowe mwachindunji m'maselo, amafunikira woyendetsa (insulin) kuti apite kumeneko. Zikondazo zikapanga insulin yokwanira kupatsa shuga, shuga m'magazi amatsika pambuyo kudya, maselo ena mthupi "amapanga" ndi glucose ndikugwira ntchito mwachangu. Malinga ndi akatswiri, pali njira inanso yofotokozera ntchito ya insulin: ndiwo njira yomwe imalola kuti glucose alowe m'maselo a thupi. Ngati kapamba, chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, sangathe kuthana ndi kapangidwe ka insulin yokwanira, kapena ngati maselo akukhala osagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwake, kungakhale kofunikira kuti mumulowetse kunja kuti muchotse shuga m'magazi.

Chithandizo cha Matenda a shuga: Inulin

Masiku ano, matenda a shuga, omwe amatchedwa kuti amadalira insulin, amathandizidwa ndi jakisoni. Pakadali pano pali mitundu yambiri ya insulin padziko lapansi. Amasiyana momwe amagwirira ntchito msanga akafika pachimake pa kuzunzidwa, komanso kutalika kwawo kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji. Nayi zitsanzo:

Mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito mwachangu amayamba kugwira ntchito mkati mwa mphindi 15-30, koma zotsatira zake sizikupitilira maola 3-4,
Insulin yokhazikika kapena mankhwala othamangitsa pakanthawi amayamba kugwira ntchito mkati mwa mphindi 30-60, zotsatira zake zimakhala mpaka maola asanu mpaka asanu ndi atatu.
Mankhwala othandizira pakati amayambanso kugwira ntchito pafupifupi maola awiri, mpaka amafika pafupifupi maola anayi.
Insulin yokhala nthawi yayitali imayamba kugwira ntchito pasanathe ola limodzi pambuyo pake, zotsatira zake zimakhala mpaka maola 24.
Insulin yambiri yowonjezera imayamba kugwira ntchito pasanathe ola limodzi pambuyo pake, zotsatira zake zimakhala mpaka masiku awiri.

Palinso mankhwala osakanikirana omwe amaphatikiza mankhwala apakatikati ndi mlingo wa insulin yokhazikika, kapena ndiwosakanikirana wa insulin komanso yapakati.

Kuwongolera shuga wamagazi ndimankhwala

Mchitidwe wokhazikika ndi wa odwala matenda ashuga kugwiritsa ntchito basulin insulin kamodzi patsiku, ndipo izi zitha kukhala mankhwala osakhalitsa kapena a nthawi yayitali. Kuchita zinthu mwachangu insulin nthawi zambiri imawonjezedwa katatu patsiku ndi chakudya. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito mwachangu kumadalira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'zakudya zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito.

Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kwa wodwala aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga kudzakhala kosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati shuga wamwazi ndiwokwera ngakhale mutatha kudya kwa nthawi yayitali, mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali akhoza kukhala othandiza. Ngati kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi ndikwabwinobwino, koma kumadzuka kwambiri mutatha kudya, ndiye kuti, wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mwachangu adzakhala woyenera.

Wodwala limodzi ndi dokotala amayenera kuwunika kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi kuti adziwe nthawi ya insulin komanso nthawi yake:

ikatsitsa shuga wamagazi,
nthawi yake pachimake (mphamvu ya mankhwalawa ikadzakwana),
Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali (mankhwala amapitilira kutsika magazi).

Kutengera ndi izi, mtundu woyenera wa insulini umasankhidwa.

Kuphatikiza kwa insulin ndi zakudya, nuances yogwiritsira ntchito

Ndikofunikanso kuti adokotala adziwe zam'moyo wa munthu, kuyerekezera zakudya zomwe amapeza kuti asankhe zokonzekera za insulini.

Mosiyana ndi mankhwala ena, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mapiritsi, insulin imabayidwa. Sizingatenge kumwa ngati piritsi, chifukwa mahomoni adzaphwanyidwa ndi ma enzymes pakukumba, monga zakudya zina zilizonse. Iyenera kuyikidwira m'madzi a m'magazi kuti mankhwalawo agwire ntchito mofanananira ndi insulin yachilengedwe yopanga thupi. Komabe, osati kale kwambiri, insulini yovomerezeka inavomerezedwa. Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, mawonekedwe atsopano awa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi insulin yayitali komanso yolumikizidwa ndi kudya. Kuphatikiza apo, insulin yomwe ikulowetsedwa silingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi mphumu kapena COPD.

Palinso anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito pampu ya insulin, imatha kupereka insulin mosalekeza, mosalekeza pa mlingo woyamba, kapena muyezo umodzi womwe munthu akudya. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakonda mapampu a insulin kuposa jakisoni.

Katemera ndi mavuto

Anthu ambiri amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulin, ndipo izi zimatha kuyambitsa mantha a singano kapena kudzipweteka. Koma zida zamakono za jakisoni ndizochepa mokwanira, zofanana ndi zolembera zokha, ma singano ndi ochepa kwambiri. Wodwala amaphunzira mwachangu kupereka jakisoni.

Chimodzi mwamagawo chofunikira chogwiritsira ntchito insulin ndikupeza mlingo woyenera. Ngati ndi yayikulu, shuga wambiri kapena hypoglycemia ikhoza kukhala yayitali.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zamankhwala

Sizovuta kuti katswiri wodziwa bwino matenda ashuga.

Kuzindikira kumachitika pambuyo poyeserera angapo:

kuyezetsa magazi mobwerezabwereza shuga,
kuyesa kwa mkodzo kwa shuga ndi acetone,
mayeso okana insulini.

Ngati maphunziro awa amapereka zotsatira zabwino, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amayikidwa kuchipatala kuti asankhe chithandizo.

Ntchito zazikulu pothandizira matenda a shuga ndi:

Matenda a thupi
kubwezera kwa kagayidwe kazakudya zam'mimba,
kupewa mavuto.

Mutha kulipirira kagayidwe kazakudya mothandizidwa ndi chakudya chopangidwa mosamalitsa, momwe mulinso mafuta ochulukanso omwe amalowa mthupi ndi chakudya chilichonse. Kapena kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la insulin mankhwala.

Masiku ano, odwala matenda ashuga amathandizidwa ndimankhwala ochepetsa magazi a m'magazi komanso jakisoni wa insulin. Mankhwala aliwonse komanso mankhwala amtundu wa mankhwala amasankhidwa payekha ndi endocrinologist atayang'ana wodwalayo kuchipatala ndikupanga mayeso angapo, poganizira zaka zake, kulemera kwake, kutengera momwe matendawa amachitikira. Mankhwala odzipatsa okha ndiosavomerezeka mulimonse, apo ayi matenda a shuga amawopseza moyo wa munthu.

Choyamba, matenda ashuga amasintha kadyedwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito shuga kumatha. Pali chakudya chotchedwa "chithandizo patebulo la 9," chomwe chimapangidwira odwala matenda ashuga. Cholinga cha chakudya ichi ndi kusintha kagayidwe kazachilengedwe.

Ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, zakudya ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupewa hyperglycemia ndi hypoglycemia. Chakudyacho chimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya. Zakudya zamafuta osavuta, zomwe zimamwe nthawi yomweyo ndikupangitsa kulumpha lakuthwa m'magazi a shuga, zimathetsedweratu.

Lingaliro lalikulu pazithandizo zamankhwala odwala matenda ashuga ndi gawo la mkate (XE), ndilo muyeso wofunikira "U" ndipo wofanana ndi magalamu 10-12 a chakudya. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta kumayenera kukhalabe chimodzimodzi tsiku lonse, avareji ya 12-25 XE. Koma zimasiyana malinga ndi zolimbitsa thupi ndi thupi. Chakudya chimodzi sichiyenera kupitirira 7 XE, koma ndibwino kuti kuchuluka kwa XE ndikofanana pazakudya zonse.

Muyenera kukhala ndi buku lotchedwa diary la zakudya, lomwe limalemba zakudya zonse, shuga wambiri musanadye chakudya komanso kuchuluka kwake, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mudziwe zomwe zimayambitsa gawo la hypoglycemia ndi hyperglycemia. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zimathandiza dokotala kusankha insulin yokwanira kapena kusankha mankhwala a hypoglycemic.

Anthu omwe amadwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudyedwa pang'ono, ndibwino kuti chakudya chimatengedwa nthawi yomweyo, chimodzimodzi. Zakudya zazing'ono zimayenera kumwa pakati pa chakudya chachikulu. Zakudya zamkati ndi gawo laling'ono la chakudya (chidutswa cha nyama yazakudya, zipatso kapena ndiwo zamasamba). Zosakhazikika zofunika kuti muchepetse hypoglycemia (dontho lakuthwa la shuga m'magazi).

Msuzi wazakudya zophika umakhala wophika ngati maphunziro oyamba. Zokonda zimaperekedwa ku ng'ombe zosakhwima, bere la nkhuku, nyama ya kalulu, msuzi wamasamba. Osagwiritsa ntchito bowa, popeza ndi chakudya chochuluka cham'mimba ndi kapamba.

Monga chakudya chachiwiri, chimanga chochokera ku buckwheat, ma barele groars, tirigu, ndi oats chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mutha kudya zakudya zamafuta ochepa, masamba mafuta. Kuyambira masamba, nkhaka, dzungu, tomato, amadyera, ndiye kuti, masamba omwe mumapezeka michere yambiri, ayenera kudya. Chimodzimodzi ndi chipatso. Zipatso zokoma ndi zipatso ndizoletsedwa: madeti, nthochi, nkhuyu, mphesa zamphesa. Koma maapulo okoma ndi wowawasa, mapeyala, ma plums amatha kudya, koma ochepa.

Kuchokera ku zakumwa mungathe kumwa khofi ndi tiyi ndi mkaka wopanda shuga, zakumwa za mkaka wowawasa, msuzi wa rose duwa, mchere wamadzi. Ndi bwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito zamzitini, kusuta soseji, nsomba zamzitini, margarine, mayonesi, ketchup.

Poyamba, zitha kuwoneka kuti zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndizokhwima komanso zopanda pake. Koma izi siziri choncho. Kungoganiza pang'ono ndipo mutha kuphika nokha zakudya zabwino komanso zopatsa thanzi tsiku lililonse.

Mankhwala a insulin

Chithandizo cha insulini cha matenda a shuga a mellitus amathetsa vuto la chiphuphu cha carbohydrate metabolism. Zisonyezo zakugwiritsa ntchito insulin ndi: kutenga pakati komanso kubereka mwana ndi matenda a gestational matenda a shuga, mtundu wa 1 shuga, MODI, kuwonongeka chifukwa chosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mawonekedwe am'mapiritsi a matenda a shuga a 2, matenda a shuga.

Ngati matenda a shuga amayamba chifukwa chosowa insulini, ndiye kuti chithandizo chake chimakhala chotsitsa shuga m'magazi kudzera mu jakisoni. Insulin imalowetsedwa ndi syringes, cholembera, kapena pampu ya insulin. Popanda chithandizo, wodwalayo amadwala matendawa ndipo amamwalira.

Mitundu ya Insulin

Mpaka pano, ndi mankhwala a insulin, mitundu itatu yayikulu ya insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imasiyana pakutalika ndi kuthamanga kwa kuchitapo kanthu. Ma insulin amapezeka mu ma cartridge atatu a 3 ml, mu cholembera chodzaza ndi cholembera m'mbale 10 ml.

Kuchita zinthu mwachidule. Amayambitsidwa musanadye chakudya kapena mukangomaliza kudya. Zotsatira zimawonedwa patatha mphindi 15 pambuyo pa jakisoni, nsonga yotsika imagwera mphindi 90-180 pambuyo pa kutsata. Kutalika kwa nthawi yochepa ma insulin kutengera mlingo womwe umaperekedwa: maunitsi ambiri atathandizidwa, achire zotsatira zake zimakhala motalika, pafupifupi, nthawi yake ndi maola 8.
Insulin yapakatikati. Amatumikiridwa kawiri pa tsiku (m'mawa ndi madzulo). Kuchitikaku kumayambira maola awiri jekeseni litatha, chiwonetserochi chimayamba pakadutsa maola 4 mpaka 8, nthawi zina kuyambira maola 6 mpaka 12. Zotsatira zake zimatenga maola 10 mpaka 16.
Kumasulidwa kumasulidwa insulin. Amayamba kugwira ntchito maola asanu ndi amodzi ndi asanu ndi amodzi pambuyo pa makonzedwe. Chiwonetsero cha ntchito chowonekera chimachitika pa ora lakhumi ndi chinayi pambuyo pa jakisoni. Zotsatira zimatha kuposa tsiku limodzi.

Insulin imagwira munthu aliyense payekhapayekha. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kumadziyang'anira nokha shuga. Cholinga chachikulu cha insulin ndikulipira matenda a shuga, kuchepetsa mwayi wamavuto.

Mlingo amawerengedwa potengera kulemera kwa munthuyo. Pafupifupi 0.1 mpaka 1 unit ya insulin pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera kwa munthu. Jakisoni amayenera kutsata njira ya kuteteza kutulutsa kwa insulin ndi kapamba, ndiko kuti, katulutsidwe koyambira ka insulin, komanso nsonga za pambuyo pake. Jakisoni amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito shuga onse omwe akubwera.

Ma inshuwiti owonjezera amathandizidwa kawiri pa tsiku panthawi yokhazikika m'mawa ndi madzulo, kapena kamodzi m'mawa. Amatsanzira kutulutsidwa kwa basulin insulin. Ma insulin amafupikitsa kapena chakudya chikangotha. Mlingo wawo amawerengedwa malinga ndi fomula yapadera ndipo amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga musanadye, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta.

Mlingo wa insulin umasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuthekera kwa insulin kugwetsa shuga. M'mawa, masana ndi madzulo ku 1 XE pamafunika magulu osiyanasiyana. M'mawa chizindikirochi chikukwera, madzulo amachepetsa pang'ono.

Kuchuluka kwa insulin pa chakudya kuyenera kuwerengera. Ndiye kuti, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa XE komwe kudyedwa nthawi inayake, kuchuluka kwa ma insulin kumawerengeredwa. Ngati musanadye chakudya, poyesa, mita ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi, ndiye kuti muyenera kuwerengera insulin. Mwachizolowezi, nthabwalayi ndi zigawo ziwiri.

Pampu ya insulin

Pampu ya insulin ndi mtundu wa chinthu chamagetsi chomwe chimapereka jakisoni wa insulin yozungulira yotupa nthawi yochepa kapena yochepa kwambiri pazodalira zazing'ono. Munthu safunika kuchita jakisoni nthawi iliyonse. Pampu ya insulin ikulimbikitsidwa kuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, pamene zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso chizolowezi chokhazikitsidwa ndi insulini sichimapereka zotsatira zomwe zimafunikira, nthawi zambiri hypoglycemia.

Chithandizo cha insulin cha pump chikhoza kuchitika m'njira ziwiri. Kupitiliza kwa insulini kopitilira microdoses (basal rate). Kuthamanga kwa bolus komwe wodwalayo amayeza mlingo ndi pafupipafupi mankhwala a insulin. Regimen yoyamba imatsimikizira zakumbuyo kupanga kwa insulin ndi kapamba wathanzi. Njira yachiwiri ndiyofunikira musanadye kapena kuwonjezeka kwa index ya glycemic. Kuphatikizidwa kwa mitundu kumakupatsani mwayi wofanizira kwambiri ntchito yokhudza thupi ya kapamba.

Njirayi imawerengedwa ngati yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa insulin imayendetsedwa tsiku lonse, kutsanzira kuteteza kwa insulin. Izi zimapewa kuyambitsidwa kwa mahomoni pogwiritsa ntchito ma syringes. Chosokoneza ndichakuti singano imakhala mthupi nthawi zonse. Komanso ndizovuta kukonza chipangizochi pathupi ndikusankha ntchito yake.

Mankhwala a shuga a Insulin

Chofunikira kwambiri pakulimbana ndi matenda a shuga ndikuzindikira kuti kudziwunikira nokha komanso kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni nthawi zonse kapena jakisoni wa insulini ndiye maziko a chiphuphu chabwino cha matenda ashuga komanso kupewa zovuta zake. Munthu ayenera kumvetsetsa momwe angapewere zigawo za hypo- ndi hyperglycemia, azitha kuyesa pawokha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kusintha mlingo wa mankhwalawa kutengera kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma XE omwe amadya. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kayendetsedwe ka insulini, koma mitundu iwiri yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri ndi iyi:

Poyambira

Munthu wathanzi pamimba yopanda kanthu amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe amaperekedwa ndi gulu la basal (basal) la insulin. Gawo limodzi la insulin limapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala ndi nthawi yochepa pakudya, ndipo enawo amawongolera komanso kupewa. Atatha kudya, kapamba amatulutsa insulin kwa maola 5, omwe akuimira kutulutsa kwakanthawi kwa mlingo wokhala ndi mahomoni okonzedwa kale. Izi zimachitika mpaka glucose wonse wolandiridwa ndi chakudya agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kuzunzidwa ndi maselo ndi minyewa yonse ya thupi. Koma nthawi imodzimodzi, mahomoni olimbana nawo amachitanso kanthu, zomwe sizimalola shuga kuti itsike pang'ono.

Ndi regimen yofunika yoyambira, wodwala amayenera kupatsidwa insulin yayitali m'mawa ndi madzulo (Protafan, Biosulin, Monotard, Lantus, Levemir, Glargin). Ndipo chakudya chilichonse chisanachitike, mumaika inshuwaransi yochepa kapena ya ultrashort (Actrapid, Insuman Rapid Humalog, Novorapid, Apidra). Mlingo wa insulin wa tsiku ndi tsiku umagawidwa molingana ndi mfundo zotsatirazi: 40% ya mahormoni amatumizidwa musanadye chakudya cham'mawa, 30% asanadye chakudya chamadzulo ndipo ena 30% asanadye chakudya chamadzulo.

Asanadye chilichonse, amafunika kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo, mogwirizana ndi izi, sinthani mlingo wa insulini womwe umayendetsedwa. Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a insulin, koma nthawi zina madokotala amasintha malingana ndi njira yeniyeni ya matenda ashuga komanso mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo. Ndilo chiwembu chomwe chili pafupi kwambiri ndi magwiridwe antchito a kapamba wamunthu wathanzi.

Nthawi zina insulin ya zochita zosiyanasiyana imasakanikirana jekeseni imodzi. Njira iyi imakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa jakisoni mpaka 2-3 patsiku. Koma nthawi yomweyo, njira yokhudza thupi yotulutsira mahomoni siyimatsatiridwa, chifukwa chake matenda a shuga sangalipiridwe kokwanira.

Mapangidwe achikhalidwe

Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin mosamala nthawi imodzi. Wodwala amalimbikitsidwa kudya pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa XE. Ndi mankhwalawa amathandizira, palibe kusintha kosinthika kwa mankhwala a insulin kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe amadya, zolimbitsa thupi ndi kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi. Ndiye kuti, odwala matendawa amamangidwa pamankhwala a insulin komanso zakudya. Nthawi zambiri, jakisoni awiri a insulin yochepa komanso yapakati amaperekedwa kawiri pa tsiku, kapena osakaniza amitundu osiyanasiyana amtundu wa insulin amaperekedwa m'mawa komanso asanagone.

Kuchiza koteroko kumakhala kosavuta kuchita kuposa zoyambira zenizeni, koma zovuta zake ndikuti sizilola kukwaniritsa chipukutiro cha matenda a shuga pafupifupi 100% milandu. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti zovuta zimakula msanga, kulumala ndi kufa msanga.

Chiwembuchi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazotsatirazi:

wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi matenda amisala
satha kuyendetsa magazi a m'magazi,
wodwala wokalamba, ali ndi moyo wotsika,
wodwala amafunikira chisamaliro chakunja, chomwe sichotheka kupereka.

Type 2 shuga mellitus amasiyana ndi mtundu 1 wa shuga m'maselo omwe maselo omwe amapanga insulini safa. Koma amatulutsa "insulin-quality" insulin, yomwe singathe kuwononga mafuta obwera. Tizilombo ta organ timayamba kuzindikira zotsatira za insulin, kukana insulini kumachitika. Pa magawo oyamba, chithandizo chamankhwala chimathandizira, mothandizidwa ndi kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kamasinthidwe, kumveka kwa minyewa yawo kumapangitsa insulini yawo. Komabe, pakapita nthawi, matendawa akamakula, zakudya zimachepa, muyenera kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, kenako ndikusinthira ku insulin.

Hypoglycemic mankhwala

Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe, mankhwalawa amagawidwa kukhala Biguanides ndi sulfonamides.

Ma sulfanilamides ndi ena amachokera ku sulfanylureas ndi mankhwala ena omwe amathandizidwa kuti apangidwe. Limagwirira ntchito pa misempha ya magazi amaphatikizidwa ndi kuponderezedwa kwa kaphatikizidwe ka glucagon, kukondweretsa kwa kupanga kwa insulin, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa chidwi cha minyewa yake. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo cha zakudya sichiperekera shuga. Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga chimayamba ndi mankhwala ochepa. Mitundu ya sulfonamides: Chlorpropamide, Carbutamide, Tolbutamide, Glipizide, Glimepiride, Gliclazide, Glibenclamide, Glycvidone.
Biguanides ndi zotumphukira za guanidine. Pali magulu awiri a mankhwala: Metformin (dimethylbiguanides), Adebit, Silubin (butylbiguanides). Mankhwalawa samakulitsa katulutsidwe ka insulin, koma amatha kuyambitsa zotsatira zake pamlingo wa receptor. Biguanides amatsogolera kuchepa kwa chilimbikitso ndi kuchepa thupi. Mankhwalawa amayambitsidwa ndi Mlingo wocheperako ndikuwonjezereka ngati matenda a shuga sawalipiridwa. Nthawi zina biguanides zimawonjezera sulufilamide mankhwala omaliza alibe kufunika. Biguanides amadziwika ndi matenda a shuga komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Koma gulu la mankhwalawa limayikidwa mosamala pakakhala kusintha kwa ischemic mu myocardium kapena ziwalo zina chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa minofu hypoxia.

Musaiwale za maphunziro akuthupi. Uku ndi kuchiritsa kozizwitsa, kumene mu 90% ya mavutowa, limodzi ndi zakudya zama carb ochepa, amathandiza ndi matenda ashuga amtundu 2 kuti magazi asungidwe bwino popanda kugwiritsa ntchito insulin. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, ngakhale kuchepa pang'ono thupi kumachepetsa kwambiri shuga, magazi ndi ma lipids. Kuchepetsa thupi, nthawi zina palibe chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito antidiabetesic othandizira.

Mankhwala a insulin a matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 amaperekedwa kuti awononge matenda ndi kusakhazikika kwa mankhwala amkamwa, chifukwa cha zovuta za matenda ashuga zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Uku ndi ketoacidosis, kusowa kwachidziwikire kwa insulini, opaleshoni, zotupa za mtima, kuchepa kwa madzi m'mimba. Nthawi yomweyo, wodwalayo amakhala womasuka ndipo amakhulupirira kuti safunika kusinthira insulini. Komabe, mkhalidwe waumoyo ndiwonyenga.

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga ndi moyo wonse, matendawa amakhala moyo wa munthu ndipo ayenera kupirira. Palibe chifukwa chomwe mungataye mtima, matekinoloje sanayime ndipo tsopano moyo wa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga umathandizidwa kwambiri ndi zida zamakono zomwe mutha kuwongolera matenda anu mosavuta.