Ubwenzi wa insulin ndi shuga

Ambiri amva kuti glucose ndi insulin m'magazi ndizizindikiro zofunika kwambiri, koma sikuti aliyense amadziwa momwe amagwirizanirana, zomwe zimachitika bwanji. Cholinga cha nkhaniyi ndikuthana ndi izi.

Palibe chamoyo chilichonse chomwe chingakhalepo popanda chopezapo mphamvu. Gwero lalikulu lamphamvu ndi chakudya chamafuta, komanso mafuta amafuta, ndipo nthawi zina mapuloteni. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwamankhwala amitundu mitundu, michere imasinthidwa kukhala glucose ndi zina zotuluka.

Glucose ndi gwero lamphamvu

Glucose ndi shuga wosavuta, womwe ndi gwero lofunikira kwambiri lamphamvu kwa thupi, ndipo ndilimodzi lokha la ubongo.

Kamodzi m'matumbo am'mimba, zakudya zovuta (monga mafuta, mapuloteni) zimagawika m'magulu osavuta, omwe thupi limagwiritsa ntchito pazofunikira zake.

Kugwirizana kwa shuga ndi insulin

Koma kodi glucose amamangidwa bwanji ku insulin? Kulongosolanso kwachilengedwe kwamakonzedwe amachitidwe amachitidwe amuzolengedwa kumathandizidwanso kuti kumveketsa bwino, koma zenizeni izi njirazi ndizovuta kwambiri, zosanjika zambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pakuwonjezereka kwa glucose wamagazi chifukwa chakugaya ndi chakudya cha carbohydrate, chizindikiritso cha kapamba chimapangidwa. Zotsatira zake, mahomoni ena ndi ma enzyme amapangidwa mu kapamba.

Ponena za kapamba, munthu sangathe kuyimitsa mwatsatanetsatane. Ichi ndi chiwalo chobisika. Kuphatikiza pa ma enzymes, imapanganso mahomoni, omwe pakati pawo ndi insulin yopangidwa ndi maselo a beta.

Kodi insulin ya magazi ndi iti?

Kodi insulin ndi chiyani? Kukula kwa shuga m'magazi, insulin imalowetsedwa m'magazi, ntchito ngati "fungulo" lomwe limatsegula "chipata" cha maselo a glucose kulowa m'maselo awa.

Komabe, insulin imamasulidwa osati kokha ndi chakudya, chifukwa kudya kwa glucose m'magazi kuyenera kukhala kosalekeza, motero nthawi zambiri mahomoni amatulutsidwa mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana.

Chifukwa chake, kudya ndi njira inanso yolimbikitsira kumasulidwa kwa timadzi timene timafunsidwa. Imachitika pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo. Ngati pakufunika shuga, nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu mawonekedwe a glycogen kumayikidwa kale m'chiwindi, komwe kumatha kusinthidwa kukhala glucose.

Chifukwa chake, imodzi mwantchito za kapamba (koma osati yokhayo) ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, ndipo siali mbali imodzi, chifukwa insulin ili ndi wotsutsana ndi mahomoni - glucagon. Mwakulankhula, ngati pali shuga wambiri m'magazi, amasungidwa ngati glycogen m'chiwindi, koma ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose kumatsitsidwa, ndiye glucagon yomwe imathandizira kutsekeka kwa glycogen, ndikusintha kukhala glucose. Chifukwa chake, kwakukulu, kayendedwe ka glucose kamawoneka motere.

Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa glucose komanso metabolism ya insulin

Kuphwanya njira zomwe zili pamwambapa kumatha kubweretsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa thupi lonse, kuwopseza moyo. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a metabolism a carbohydrate, ofala kwambiri, choyambirira, ndi hyperglycemia, osati kokha mu kapangidwe ka matenda a endocrinological. Komanso mwa pathologies a kagayidwe kagayidwe - hyperglycemia, aglycogenosis, hexosemia, pentosemia.

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi:

Ndi chiwindi matenda. Hypoglycemia imalumikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa glucose mawonekedwe a glycogen. Zotsatira zake, thupi la anthu oterewa silingathe kukhalabe ndi shuga wa m'magazi a plasma monga momwe amapezekera popanda kudya shuga.
Chimbudzi cha matenda. Zomwe zimayambitsa hypoglycemia zimatha kukhala kuphwanya kwam'mimba komanso chimbudzi cha parietal ndi mayamwidwe a shuga.
Matenda a impso.
Kupitiliza ntchito yolimbitsa thupi kwambiri.
Njala. Mukakana chakudya chokha, hypoglycemia siinawonedwe: M'malo mwake, gluconeogenesis imayambitsa.
Ndipo pamapeto pake, endocrinopathy. Zikatero, insulin yambiri imakhala yofala kwambiri. Monga tanena kale, owonjezera insulin amalimbikitsa kutsegula kwa shuga ntchito maselo. Glyconeogenesis ndi cholepheretsa. Kuphatikiza apo, ma endocrinopathies omwe amayambitsa chitukuko cha hypoglycemia akuphatikizanso kuchepa kwa mahomoni a hyperglycemic

Amalankhulanso za hypoglycemic reaction, hypoglycemic syndrome, hypoglycemic coma.

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia, imadziwikanso ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuposa zomwe zili zabwinobwino.

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha hyperglycemia ndi endocrinopathy, osakhudzana ndi kumwa kwambiri maswiti, koma ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a hyperglycemic kapena kuchepa kwa insulin.

Komanso, zimayambitsa zimatha kukhala zovuta zama psychogenic, matenda a chiwindi.

Hyperglycemia imatha kuchitika ndi hyperglycemic syndrome kapena hyperglycemic coma.

Mavuto amtunduwu, akapanda kuchitapo kanthu, amachititsa kuti pakhale zovuta zina zomwe zikuopseza thanzi ndi moyo, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo.

Njira Yosaoneka Ya Insulin

Ngati mumasewera masewera ndipo nthawi yomweyo muwongolere kuchuluka kwa mahomoni mothandizidwa ndi mayeso a mahomoni, izi zithandizira kuti kayendedwe ka glucose kumisempha ya minofu, ndipo mulingo wake m'magazi utachepa kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mupewe kuchuluka kwa mafuta ochulukirapo chifukwa cha shuga.

Masewera olimbitsa thupi limodzi ndi menyu wopangidwira bwino zimathandizanso kuchotsa kutukuka kwa insulini, ndiko kuti, kukana insulin ndi thupi.

Pogwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi, mafuta owonjezera minofu amawotchedwa ndipo mphamvu zimaperekedwa m'maselo a minofu ndikubwerera. Imalimbikitsa kagayidwe

Kodi kusamala kwa mahomoni ndi chiyani?

Uku ndiye kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe mutha kuwongolera kagayidwe kazakudya mthupi. Ngati dokotala amadziwa mphamvu yanu ya mahomoni, zimamuthandiza kudziwa ndendende momwe mafuta ofikira amadzisonkhanira kwambiri, ndi ochepa.

Pamene mulingo wa estradiol, komanso testosterone ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro T3 (mu mawonekedwe ake omasuka) abwezeretsedwa m'thupi, izi zimapangitsa kuti insulin chitetezo chitha.

Kodi kusaloledwa kwa glucose kumatanthauza chiyani ndikuchita nawo?

Kukakhala ndi glucose wambiri m'magazi, zimavuta kuwongolera. Ndipo tsankho la glucose limatha kukula mthupi. Zotsatira zake, munthu amakhalanso pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga.

Madokotala amatha kudziwa ngati "hypoglycemia" - iyi ndi shuga wochepa m'magazi. Zocheperapo kuposa momwe zimakhalira zosakwana 50 mg / dl. Ngakhale pali nthawi zina pamene munthu ali ndi shuga athithithi, pamakhala kulumpha kuchokera kumtunda kupita pamunsi kwambiri, makamaka mukatha kudya.

Glucose amachepetsa maselo a muubongo, kuwapatsa mphamvu kuti agwire ntchito. Ngati glucose wapangidwa kapena wocheperako, ubongo nthawi yomweyo umalangiza thupi.

Chifukwa chiyani shuga wa magazi amatha kukhala wapamwamba? Kupanga kwa insulin kukwera, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatsika kwambiri. Koma munthu akangolimbikitsidwa ndi china chake chokoma, makamaka makeke okoma (chakudya), ndiye kuti patatha maola 2-3 mulingo wamagazi m'magazi ungachuluke kwambiri. Kusinthasintha koteroko kumatha kupangitsa kuti shuga asalole m'thupi.

Zoyenera kuchita

Kufunika kofunikira kuti musinthe menyu. Musachotseko zakudya zopatsa thanzi, ufa. A endocrinologist athandiza ndi izi. Zitha kuthandizanso kuthana ndi mavuto a njala, omwe amachitika ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwamagazi a shuga.

Dziwani kuti zoterezi (kuchuluka kwa chilakalaka, kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi, kunenepa kwambiri zomwe simungathe kuzilamulira) sizizindikiro zakukhumudwa, monga angakuuzeni kuchipatala. Ngati mutakhala ndi vuto ili mutha kuyamba kuthandizidwa ndi antidepressants, izi zingayambitse zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri.

Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za hypoglemia - kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi - kuphatikiza shuga ndi insulin. Ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa moyenera mahomoni ndikukhazikitsa menyu wathanzi.

Momwe mungadziwire kukana kwa insulin?

Kuti muzindikire kukana kwa thupi ku insulin, ndikofunikira kuchita, choyambirira, kuyezetsa kumawonetsa kuyankha kwa insulini ku glucose. Pakuyesa uku, adotolo azitha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi momwe amasinthira maola 6 aliwonse.

Pakatha maola 6 aliwonse, mulingo wa insulin umatsimikiziridwa. Kuchokera pamasamba awa, mutha kumvetsetsa momwe kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumasinthira. Kodi pali kutumphuka kwakukulu pakukula kwake kapena kuchepa kwake.

Apa milingo ya insulin iyeneranso kukumbukiridwa. Kuchokera momwe zimasinthira, mutha kumvetsetsa momwe insulin imachitikira ndi shuga.

Ngati mulingo wa insulin sutchulidwa, ndiye kuti kuwunika kumeneku kumayendetsedwa, kuyesedwa kotchedwa glucose kulolerana. Zimathandizira kudziwa momwe thupi limazindikirira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso ngati lingathe kuwongolera.

Koma ngati chiwalo chili ndi lingaliro la insulin chitha kutsimikizika pokhapokha pakuwonetsa mwatsatanetsatane.

Ngati pali shuga wambiri

Ndi mkhalidwe uwu wa thupi, zosokoneza mu ubongo zimatha kuchitika. Zimakhala zovulaza ku ubongo pamene kuchuluka kwa glucose kukwera, ndiye kumagwera kwambiri. Kenako mkazi atha kuona zotsatirazi:

Kuda nkhawa
Kugona
Mutu
Kusatetezedwa kwa chidziwitso chatsopano
Zovuta kuyang'ana kwambiri
Ludzu lalikulu
Nthawi zambiri zimbudzi zoyimbira
Kudzimbidwa
Ululu m'matumbo, m'mimba

Magazi a glucose pamtunda wa mayunitsi 200 ndi chizindikiro cha hyperglycemia. Matendawa ndi gawo loyamba la matenda ashuga.

Glucagon ndi insulin: ntchito ndi ubale wa mahomoni

Glucagon ndi insulin ndi mahomoni apancreatic. Ntchito yamahomoni onse ndikuwongolera kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi.

Ntchito yayikulu ya insulin ndi glucagon ndikupatsanso thupi mphamvu zamagetsi pambuyo pa chakudya komanso panthawi yosala kudya. Mukatha kudya, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti glucose amatuluka mumaselo ndikusungidwa kwa owonjezera.

Mukasala kudya - kuchotsa glucose m'masungidwe (glycogen) kapena kuphatikiza kapena gawo lina lamphamvu.

Amakhulupilira kuti insulin ndi glucagon zimaphwanya chakudya. Izi sizowona. Milandu imaphwanya zinthu. Ma Horone amawongolera njirazi.

Kaphatikizidwe wa glucagon ndi insulin

Mahomoni amapangidwa m'matumbo a endocrine. Insulin ndi glucagon - mu kapamba: insulini mu β-maselo, glucagon - m'magulu a maselo a Langerhans. Ma hormone onsewa ndi mapuloteni m'chilengedwe ndipo amapangidwa kuchokera kwa asayansi.

Insulin ndi glucagon amatulutsidwa mosiyanasiyana: insulin ya hyperglycemia, glucagon ya hypoglycemia.

Hafu ya moyo wa insulin ndi mphindi 3-4, kutulutsa kwake kosiyanasiyana kosiyanasiyana kumatsimikizira kusungidwa kwa shuga m'magazi mkati mwa malire.

Insulin imayendetsa kagayidwe, makamaka shuga. Zimakhudza ma membrane ndi njira za intracellular.

Membrane zotsatira za insulin:

imalimbikitsa mayendedwe a shuga ndi ma monosaccharides ena angapo,
imathandizira kuyendetsa ma amino acid (makamaka arginine),
imalimbikitsa mayendedwe amafuta acid,
imapangitsa kuyamwa kwa potaziyamu ndi ion ya magnesium ndi khungu.

Insulin ili ndi zotsatirapo zina:

imalimbikitsa kapangidwe ka DNA ndi RNA,
kumapangitsa kaphatikizidwe wa mapuloteni,
imawonjezera kukondoweza kwa enzyme glycogen synthase (imapereka kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen ku glucose - glycogeneis),
imalimbikitsa glucokinase (enzyme yomwe imalimbikitsa kutembenuka kwa glucose kukhala glycogen mikhalidwe ya kuchuluka kwake),
amalepheretsa shuga-6-phosphatase (ma enzyme omwe amathandizira kusintha kwa glucose-6-phosphate kuti akhale ndi shuga komanso, motero, amawonjezera shuga m'magazi),
amamutsutsa lipojiais,
linalake ndipo tikulephera lipolysis (chifukwa chophatikizira cAMP synthesis),
imadzetsa kaphatikizidwe wamafuta acid,
imayendetsa Na + / K + -ATPase.

Udindo wa insulini potengera shuga kumaselo

Glucose amalowa m'maselo pogwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni apadera opatsirana (GLUT). Ma GLUT ambiri ali ndi maselo osiyanasiyana. Pazimba za mafupa am'matumbo ndi mtima, minyewa ya adipose, maselo oyera am'magazi, ndi a reort cortex, othandizira odalira a insulin a GLUT4.

Omwe amasunga ma insulin mu membrane wamkati wamanjenje am'mimba komanso maselo a chiwindi samakhala odziimira payekha, chifukwa chake, kuperekera kwa glucose m'maselo a minyewa iyi kumangotengera kukhudzidwa kwake m'magazi. Glucose amalowa m'maselo a impso, matumbo, ndi maselo ofiira amwazi popanda kunyamula konse, mwa kungoyambitsa.

Chifukwa chake, insulin ndiyofunikira kuti glucose alowe m'maselo a adipose minofu, minofu yamatumbo ndi minofu yamtima.

Ndikusowa kwa insulini, shuga wocheperako ndi amene amapezeka m'maselo a minofu iyi, osakwanira kuti azitsimikizira kufunika kwa metabolic, ngakhale atakhala kuti ali ndi glucose yambiri m'magazi (hyperglycemia).

Insulin imalimbikitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa shuga, kuphatikiza njira zingapo.

Kuchulukitsa kwa glycogen synthase mu maselo a chiwindi, kulimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen kuchokera kutsalira la glucose.
Kuchulukitsa kwa glucokinase m'chiwindi, kumapangitsa phosphorylation ya glucose kupanga "glucose-6-phosphate" yomwe imatseka "glucose" mu cell, chifukwa sichitha kudutsa nembanemba kuchokera mu cell kulowa malo othandizira.
Imalepheretsa chiwindi phosphatase, kuyambitsa kusinthika kwa glucose-6-phosphate kumasula shuga.

Njira zonsezi zimathandizira kuyamwa kwa glucose ndi maselo a zotumphukira komanso kuchepa kwa kapangidwe kake, komwe kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose kwakukulu ndi maselo kumasunga nkhokwe zina zamkati mphamvu - mafuta ndi mapuloteni.

Udindo wa insulin mu kagayidwe kazakudya

Insulin imapangitsa kuti ma amino acid azikhala ndi ma cell am'magazi komanso kuphatikiza mapuloteni mkati mwake. Mapulogalamu a Protein amalimbikitsidwa m'njira ziwiri:

chifukwa cha activation ya mRNA,
pakukulitsa kutuluka kwa ma amino acid mu cell.

Kuphatikiza apo, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuchuluka kwa glucose monga gawo lapansi lamagetsi kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni mmenemo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapuloteni awonjezeke. Chifukwa cha izi, insulin imakhudzidwa ndi kayendedwe kakulidwe ndi kukula kwa thupi.

Udindo wa insulin mu mafuta kagayidwe

Membrane ndi intracellular zotsatira za insulin zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa malo ogulitsa mafuta mu minofu ya adipose ndi chiwindi.

Insulin imalowerera mkati mwa glucose m'maselo a adipose minofu ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yake ya okosijeni mkati mwake.
Imalimbikitsa mapangidwe a lipoprotein lipase mu maselo a endothelial. Lipase yamtunduwu imapatsa hydrolysis ya triacylglycerols yolumikizana ndi magazi lipoproteins ndikuonetsetsa kuti kulandira mafuta achilengedwe m'maselo a adipose minofu.
Imalepheretsa intracellular lipoprotein lipase, motero, imalepheretsa lipolysis m'maselo.

Ntchito za Glucagon

Glucagon imakhudza chakudya chamthupi, mapuloteni komanso metabolism yamafuta. Titha kunena kuti glucagon ndi mdani wa insulini potengera zotsatira zake. Zotsatira zazikulu za glucagon ndikuwonjezereka kwa ndende yamagazi. Ndi glucagon yomwe imatsimikizira kukonzanso kwa gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi ofunikira - shuga, mapuloteni ndi mafuta m'magazi posala kudya.

1. Udindo wa glucagon mu chakudya cha metabolism.

Amapereka kapangidwe ka shuga ndi:

kuchuluka kwa glycogenolysis (kuwonongeka kwa glycogen mpaka glucose) m'chiwindi,
kulimbitsa kwa gluconeogenesis (kaphatikizidwe wa glucose kuchokera kwa omwe sanapangidwe ndi carbohydrate precursors) pachiwindi.

2. Udindo wa glucagon mu metabolism ya protein.

Mahomoni amalimbikitsa kayendedwe ka glucagon amino acid ku chiwindi, komwe kumapangitsa maselo a chiwindi:

mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe
shuga kaphatikizidwe kwa amino acid - gluconeogeneis.

3. Udindo wa glucagon mu metabolism yamafuta.

Homoni imayambitsa lipase mu minofu ya adipose, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwamafuta acid ndi glycerin m'magazi. Izi zimabweretsanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi:

glycerin ngati pre -or yopanda carbohydrate imaphatikizidwa ndi gluconeogenesis - kaphatikizidwe ka shuga,
mafuta acids amasinthidwa kukhala matupi a ketone, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma substrates a mphamvu, omwe amasunga mphamvu zama glucose.

Ubwenzi wa mahormone

Insulin ndi glucagon ndizolumikizana mosagwirizana. Ntchito yawo ndikuwunikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Glucagon imapereka kuwonjezeka kwake, insulini - kuchepa. Amagwira ntchito yosiyana. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti insulin ipange ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, glucagon - kuchepa. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga insulin kumalepheretsa kubisalira kwa glucagon.

Ngati kuphatikiza kwa imodzi mwazinthuzi mwa mahinji kusokoneza, enawo amayamba kugwira ntchito molakwika. Mwachitsanzo, mu shuga mellitus, kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kumakhala kochepa, mphamvu ya insulini m'magazi imafooka, chifukwa, kuchuluka kwa glucagon m'magazi kumakhala kokwanira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, zomwe zimadziwika ndi izi.

Zolakwika mu zakudya zimapangitsa kuti mahomoni asakhale olondola, kuchuluka kwake kolakwika. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kwa zakudya zamapuloteni kumapangitsa kuti pakhale shuga wambiri, komanso chakudya chambiri - insulin. Kuwoneka kwa kusalinganika pamlingo wa insulin ndi glucagon kumabweretsa kukula kwa pathologies.

Limagwirira a zochita za insulin yomanga minofu misa polimbitsa thupi

Pomanga thupi, insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera mphamvu ndikumanga minofu.

Tikadya china chake chokoma, insulini imabisidwa ndi kapamba ndipo imathandizira kulowetsedwa kwa glucose m'maselo (kuphatikiza minofu) kuti agwiritse ntchito ngati mphamvu.

Zambiri za anabulin za insulin zimafotokozedwa ndikuti kuwonjezera pa shuga, zimapereka bwino ma amino acid (= zomangamanga) ndi michere ina m'maselo a minofu ndikuthandizira kaphatikizidwe kazakudya zama protein.

Glucose ndi molekyu yamphamvu. Ngati kuphatikiza kwake m'magazi kupitirira mphamvu yomwe ilipo ya thupi, ndiye kuti imasinthidwa kukhala glycogen. Glycogen ndi nkhokwe yosungira mphamvu yomwe "imatseguka" mutagwiritsa ntchito shuga m'magazi ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa mphamvu minofu pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

A Dr Sonksen ochokera ku chipatala cha St Thomas ku London, m'nkhani yake yokhudzana ndi kukula kwa mahomoni ndi insulin m'masewera, anati: "Popeza m'masewera ambiri, zotsatira zake zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa glycogen m'misempha, kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji zotsatira zake."

Yalimbikitsa: Tamoxifen pakumanga thupi pambuyo panjira ya ma steroids: zoyipa ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito

Kuchita kwa insulin pakumanga minofu yambiri pakulimbitsa thupi kukufotokozedwa ndi njira zotsatirazi:

Insulin Imalimbikitsa Mankhwala Puloteni

Insulin imalimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe kazakudya (ndipo chifukwa chake kukula kwa minofu).

Minofu imapangidwa ndi mapuloteni amtundu. Mapuloteni awa amapangidwa ndi ribosomes. Limagwirira mapuloteni synthesis ndi ribosomes amayamba ndi insulin. (Malinga ndi Wikipedia, ribosomes ndi makina osokoneza bongo omwe mauthenga amomwe amapanga mapuloteni amalembedwa ngati cipher.)

M'modzi mwa asayansi amafotokoza izi:

"Sizikudziwika bwinobwino, koma insulin imayambitsa makina a protein. Popanda kukhalapo, nthitizo zimangosiya kugwira ntchito, ngati kuti akusinthana. ”

Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti insulini "imathandizira" kupanga minofu? Ayi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti popanda insulini izi sizotheka.

Insulin sikuti imangolimbikitsa kukulitsa minofu .. popanda iyo, ndizosatheka

Insulini imalepheretsa minofu catabolism

Ntchito ina ya insulin ndiyothandiza pakupanga thupi - imalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu. Ntchito yake yotsutsa-catabolic ndiyofunika kwambiri kuti phindu lochulukirapo lipangidwe ndi zotsatira zake za anabolic.

Tsiku lililonse, thupi lathu limapanga ndi kuwononga mapuloteni. Kuti mukhale ndi minofu yambiri, mapuloteni ambiri amapangidwa kuposa kuwonongeka. Insulin imathandizira kuti izi zisunthike m'njira yoyenera, zimapangitsa kuti ma amino acid akhale ndi masipu amtundu wa minofu.

KULAMBIRA KWA CHINA

Zotsatira za kafukufuku wamkulu kwambiri wamgwirizano pakati pa zakudya ndi thanzi

Zotsatira zakufufuza kwakukulukulu kumayanjana pakati pa zakudya ndi thanzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni a nyama ndi khansa

“Buku lambala 1 pazakudya, zomwe ndimalangiza aliyense kuti aziwerenga, makamaka wampikisano. Zaka makumi angapo zakufufuzidwa ndi wasayansi wodziwika padziko lonse lapansi zikuwonetsa zinthu zodabwitsa zokhudza mgwirizano pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni a nyama ndi khansa .. "

Andrey Kristov, woyambitsa wa Promusculus.ru

Yalimbikitsa: Kukula kwa mahomoni pomanga thupi: kuwunika kwa osewera, ophunzitsa, akatswiri

Insulin imakulitsa kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen, ndikupangitsa minofu kukhala yopanda mphamvu

Insulin imawonjezera ntchito ya ma enzyme ena omwe amalimbikitsa kapangidwe ka glycogen. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zimathandiza kusunga glucose m'maselo a minofu, potero kusintha kukhathamira, kuchira, komanso, kukula kukula kwa minofu.

Kulumikizana kwa glycogen mu minofu kumapangitsa kuti iwonongeke komanso kuti ikhale yolimba, chifukwa imasunga madzi: galamu iliyonse ya glycogen "imamanga" pafupifupi magalamu 2.7 a madzi.

Insulin imapangitsa kuti glycogen ichulukane, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yofinya komanso yolimba chifukwa chosungidwa ndi madzi ambiri mwa iwo

Ndi anabolic katundu wa insulin popanga thupi osanjidwa. Tsopano tiyeni tiwone mbali ina ya ndalama ija ..

Njira zamkati zosokoneza bongo

Kodi thupi limagwira bwanji ntchito nthawi zopsinjika? Madotolo akuti chododometsa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa kusintha kwakuthupi, minofu ya endocrine imatha kugonjetsedwa ndi adani osiyanasiyana. Ganizirani zinthu zingapo zingapo zomwe zasintha mthupi.

Poyamba chizindikiro chowopsa, adrenaline ndi norepinephrine amapangidwa m'matumbo a adrenal. Adrenaline amadzuka ndi nkhawa, mantha, mantha. Atalowa m'magazi, amalimbitsa mtima, amachepetsa ana, ndikuyambanso kugwira ntchito yosintha thupi kuti likhale ndi nkhawa. Koma kukhudzika kwake kwakutali kumachotsera chitetezo chamthupi. Norepinephrine imamasulidwa nthawi iliyonse, zotsatira zake zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Adrenaline wopsinjika amaonedwa ngati mahomoni amantha, ndipo norepinephrine, m'malo mwake, ndi wokwiya. Popanda kupanga mahomoni awa, thupi limakhalabe lovomerezeka.
Vuto linanso la kupsinjika ndi cortisol. Kukula kwake kumachitika m'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mlingo wocheperako, cortisol ilibe gawo lapadera m'thupi, koma kuchuluka kwake kwakutali kumayambitsa kukula kwa kukhumudwa, kulakalaka zakudya zamafuta ndi zakudya zotsekemera kumawonekera. Palibe zodabwitsa kuti cortisol imalumikizidwa ndi kunenepa.
Ndikosatheka kudzipatula mu biochemical unyolo mahomoni ofunika omwe amakhudza makamaka azimayi - awa ndi prolactin. Panthawi yakupsinjika kwambiri komanso kupsinjika, prolactin imamasulidwa kwambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta za metabolic.

Njira za biochemical zimayambitsa njira zina zomwe zimasinthira munthu kuti akhale pachiwopsezo. Pankhaniyi, mahomoni opsinjika amatha kusokoneza thupi. Onani zotsatira zawo mwatsatanetsatane. Kodi prolactin ndi cortisol zimakhudza bwanji thanzi?

Cortisol ndiyofunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa thupi, imayendetsa bwino shuga, glucose ndi insulin metabolism. Komabe, popsinjika, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi kumachuluka komanso kuchuluka kwa timadzi tambiri, timene timayambitsa thupi.

Chimachitika ndi chiani ngati cortisol imaposa nthawi yake?

Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Ntchito ya chithokomiro yafupika.
Hyperglycemia.
Fragility yamafupa.
Anachepetsa chitetezo chokwanira.
Chiwonongeko chaminga.

Zotsatira zotere zimawonekera mu kupsinjika kosatha, ndipo, motero, kuchuluka kwakutali kwa mahomoni.

Vuto linanso losavomerezeka la mahomoni opsinjika ndi mawonekedwe a mafuta omwe ali m'chiuno. Zimaphatikizidwa ndikuwoneka ngati kulakalaka kwa zakudya zotsekemera komanso zamafuta. Ngati kupsinjika kudutsa pagawo lathanzi, ndiye kuti gulu loyipa limapezeka. Thupi limapatsidwa zizindikiritso kuti likufunika kusunga mafuta kuti azisungira mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri, kupsinjika kosatha ndi kuchuluka kwa cortisol komwe kumalepheretsa kuwonda.

Kuti mupewe mavuto omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa, muyenera kuphunzira kuthana ndi nkhawa. Cortisol imachepetsa m'malo opanda phokoso, posakhalapo ndi zochitika zazitali. Kukhala ndi malingaliro abwino kumathandizanso kusunga mahomoni pamlingo wofunikira.

Kanema: Kanema Wam'mlengalenga "Chemistry Yathupi. Hormonal gehena. Gawo 1 "

Prolactin imalumikizidwa ndi ntchito ya kubereka komanso kuwonjezera zomwe zimapangitsa kagayidwe. Ngati prolactin m'thupi la mkaziyo imakwezedwa, ndiye kuti kuchulukitsa kwake kumayambitsa kuphwanya kwa ovulation, kusowa kwa pakati, kumatha kuyambitsa mastopathy, adenoma ndi fibrosis.

Kodi chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchuluka kwa mahomoniwa n'chiyani? Magwero ofunikira kwambiri amaphatikizapo nkhawa. Ngakhale chisangalalo chomwe chimakhala nthawi zonse mayeso asanabwerere amachititsa kuchuluka kwakanthawi kwa mahomoni monga prolactin. Kuphatikiza pa zovuta zomwe zimabweretsa nkhawa, zifukwa zowonjezerazi zikuphatikiza:

Kumwa mankhwala ena ake.
Ma radiation.
Opaleshoni ya m'mawere.
Matenda a chiwindi ndi impso.
Matenda a Endocrine.

Ndipo ngati prolactin adatsitsidwa? Mitundu yochepetsedwa ndiyosowa. Ngati thupi lili ndi thanzi, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumalumikizana ndi pakati, m'maganizo komanso m'thupi. Kuti mudziwe kuwonjezeka kwa chizolowezi, muyenera kudutsa kuwunika kuti muzindikire. Pambuyo pake, zifukwa zimatsimikiziridwa, ndipo chithandizo chimayikidwa.

Ngati prolactin imapangidwa pakukhumudwa kwakanthawi, ndiye kuti zotsatirapo za thupi zimakhala zovuta. Mahomoniwa ndi mafoni kwambiri, motero ndikovuta kukhudzidwa ndi kuphatikizika kwake. Ndikofunika kuyang'anira machitidwe odekha, nkhawa zochulukitsa zimayambitsa kusinthasintha kwamphamvu mu mahomoni opsinjika. Prolactin ndi mulingo wake uyenera kuyang'aniridwa pakukonzekera kutenga pakati.

Kanema: Kanema Wam'mlengalenga "Chemistry Yathupi. Hormonal paradiso. Gawo 2 "

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti munthu amene ali ndi nkhawa amafunika kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'thupi. Cortisol, prolactin ndi adrenaline amakonzekeretsa thupi kuwongolera ndikusinthasintha. Koma ngati zozunzazo zikuchedwa, ndiye kuti zoyipa zawo zimayamba.

Glucose wotsika kwambiri

Itha kukhala yotsika nthawi zonse kapena kutsika kwambiri mukatha kudya. Kenako, mwa mkazi, madokotala amayang'ana zizindikiro zotsatirazi.

Nthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi - kugunda kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso pafupipafupi
Vuto lakuthwa, losasinthika, nkhawa, komanso mantha
Kupweteka kwa minofu
Chizungulire (nthawi zina kuchita mseru)
Kupweteka kwam'mimba (m'mimba)
Kufupika komanso kupumira mofulumira
Pakamwa ndi mphuno zimatha kukhala dzanzi
Zala zam'manja zonse zimatha kulira
Kuzindikira ndi kulephera kukumbukira, kukumbukira kumatha
Kusintha kwa malingaliro
Misozi, kusokoneza

Kupatula pazizindikirozi, mungadziwenso bwanji kuti mumakhala ndi shuga wambiri kapena insulin?

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kuti shuga alibe bwino?

Muyenera kuyeza kuchuluka kwake munthawi yomwe simunadye chakudya cham'mawa. Chakudya chomaliza, osachepera maola 12 ayenera kudutsa. Ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose kumachokera ku 65 mpaka 100 mayunitsi, ichi ndi chizindikiro chokhazikika.

Madokotala ena akuti kuwonjezeka kwa mayunitsi ena 15 - mpaka kufika kwa mayunitsi 115 - ndichinthu chovomerezeka.

Ponena za kafukufuku waposachedwa, asayansi amati kuwonjezeka kwama glucose oposa 100 mg / dl ndi chizindikiro choopsa.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti gawo loyamba la matenda ashuga limatha kukula mthupi. Madotolo amatcha glucose osagwirizana ndi thupi.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha mkazi yemwe ali ndi shuga wambiri ndi chiyani?

Dziwani kuti izi ndizofunikira: malinga ndi kafukufuku wa zamankhwala, ngakhale kuchulukitsa pang'ono kwa shuga m'magazi kungakhale pachiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga.

Ngati shuga othamanga akukwera ndi magulu opitilira 126, ndipo shuga wokhazikika amatha magawo 200 kapena kupitilira, akhoza kukhala akupha.

Kukula kwa matenda ashuga kumatha kuwonetsedwa ndi glucose 2 maola atatha kudya oposa 200 mg / dl.

Momwe mungadziwire kuchuluka kwa insulin m'thupi?

Izi ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga, chifukwa ma insulin amatha kusiyanasiyana. Tikudziwitsani insulin.

Kuwunikira kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu ndi magawo 6-25. Mlingo wa insulin 2 maola mukatha kudya umafika magawo 6-35.

Mungamvetse bwanji kuti munthu amayamba kudwala matenda ashuga?

Ndikofunikira kuyeza kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi insulin 2 mawola atatha kudya - iyi ndiyo njira yabwino yodziwira zomwe zimapangitsa thupi kukhala ndi matenda ashuga.

Ngati glucose m'thupi amachokera ku mayunitsi 140 mpaka 200 (ola limodzi mutatha kudya) - chiopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga ndichokwera kwambiri. Gawo lake loyamba ndikotheka.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose mutatha kudya ndikuchokera ku mayunitsi 140 mpaka 200 (koma osaposa) - ichi ndi matenda a shuga.

Muyenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist kuti mumupime.

Dziwani kuti ma laboratori osiyanasiyana akhoza kukhala ndi mitengo yosiyanasiyana yothetsera shuga ndi insulin. Chifukwa chake, onanani ndi dokotala kuti ndi gawo liti lomwe muyenera kuyamba kuda nkhawa ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo.

Magulu owopsa

Ngati mayi ali ndi insulini yambiri pamimba yopanda kanthu, izi zitha kutanthauza kuti ali ndi ma polycystic ovaries.

Vutoli limatha kuchitika mwa azimayi omwe akuyembekeza kusamba. Itha kutsagana ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kulemera, makamaka m'mimba ndi m'chiuno.

Mlingo wabwinobwino wa insulini uyenera kudziwika ndikuwongoleredwa kuti usachire mopitirira muyeso ndikuwongolera kuwonda.

Kugwirizana kwa shuga ndi insulin

Glucose imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mthupi - ndiye gwero lamphamvu. Mitundu yonse yazakudya zomwe timadya zimasinthidwa mwachindunji kukhala glucose. Ndi mawonekedwe awa okha omwe amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maselo amthupi.

Chifukwa chake, pakusintha, njira zingapo zapangidwa zomwe zimawongolera kusuntha kwake. Mahomoni ambiri amakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga omwe amapezeka, chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri insulin.

Insulin imapangidwa m'maselo a beta a kapamba. Ntchito zake ndizofunikira kunyamula mamolekyu a glucose kuchokera m'magazi kupita ku maselo, komwe amasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu. Komanso hormone insulin imapangitsa kusungidwa kwa shuga m'maselo, ndipo, kwinaku, kumalepheretsa njirayi gluconeogenesis (kaphatikizidwe ka shuga kuchokera kwa mankhwala ena, mwachitsanzo, ma amino acid).

Zonsezi zimabweretsa kuti mu seramu yamagazi kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachepa, ndipo m'maselo mumawonjezeka. Ngati m'magazi mulibe insulin yokwanira kapena minofu yolimbana ndi zochita zake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka, ndipo maselo amalandira shuga wochepa kwambiri.

Mu thupi lathanzi, pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa shuga, kutulutsa kwa insulin m'maselo a kapamba kumachitika magawo awiri. Choyamba gawo mwachangu kumatenga mpaka mphindi 10. Kenako insulini yomwe m'mbuyomu imakhala ikulowa m'magazi.

Mu gawo lotsatila insulin imapangidwa kuchokera ku zikanda. Chifukwa chake, njira yake ya katulutsidwe imatenga maola awiri pambuyo pa kutsika kwa shuga. Komabe, pankhaniyi insulin yambiri imapangidwa kuposa gawo loyamba. Ndiye kukula kwa njirayi yomwe ikufufuzidwa mkati kuyeserera kwa glucose.

Kuchita mayeso ololera a glucose

Kufufuza kungachitike mu labotale iliyonse. Choyamba, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha wa ana kuti apange mulingo woyamba wa shuga.

Ndipo, pakatha mphindi 5, muyenera kumwa magalamu 75 a shuga osungunuka mu 250-300 ml ya madzi (madzi a shuga nthawi zonse). Kenako wodwalayo akudikirira m'chipinda cholandirira zitsanzo zotsatirazi zamagazi kuti ziwunikidwe.

Chiyeso chololera cha glucose chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuzindikira kwa matenda ashuga, komanso amathandizanso pakuzindikira matenda a acromegaly. Mu nkhani yomaliza, kuchuluka kwa glucose pakuchepa kwa kukula kwama hormone amakupimidwa.

Njira ina yothetsera kamwa la glucose ndiyo mtsempha wamagazi. Panthawi ya kafukufukuyu, shuga amaphatikizidwa m'mitsempha mkati mwa mphindi zitatu. Komabe, mtundu uwu wamaphunziro ndi osowa.

Kuyeserera kwa glucose palokha sizisowetsa mtendere kwa wodwalayo. Mukamapereka magazi, mumamva kupweteka pang'ono, ndipo mutatha kumwa shuga mumatha kusanza komanso chizungulire, thukuta kwambiri, kapena ngakhale kusazindikira. Zizindikirozi, komabe, ndizosowa kwambiri.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mayeso ololera wa glucose, koma onsewa ndi monga:

kusala kudya magazi
kuyambitsa shuga m'thupi (wodwalayo amamwa yankho la shuga),
muyeso wina wamagulu a shuga atatha kumwa,
kutengera kuyesedwa - kuyezetsanso magazi pambuyo pa maola awiri.

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mayeso a 2- ndi 3, nthawi zina mayeso a 4 ndi 6. 2 point kuyeserera kwa shuga zikutanthauza kuti mulingo wa shuga m'magazi umayesedwa kawiri - musanadye njira ya glucose ndi ola limodzi.

Kuyesedwa kwa glucose komwe kumakhala ndi mfundo zitatu kumakhudza kuyesanso kwina kwa magazi maola 2 mutatha kudya njira ya shuga. M'mayeso ena, kutsekemera kwa glucose kumaphunziridwa mphindi 30 zilizonse.

Pa phunziroli, wodwalayo ayenera kukhala pansi, osasuta kapena kumwa zamadzimadzi, ndikuwadziwitsaninso phunzirolo lisanachitike za mankhwala kapena matenda omwe alipo.

Masiku angapo asanafike mayeso, mutuwu suyenera kusintha zakudya, moyo, kapena kuchuluka kapena kuchepetsa thupi.

Momwe mungakonzekerere mayeso ololera a glucose

Chofunikira choyamba ndikuti mayeso ololera a glucose zizichitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti simungathe kudya chilichonse osachepera maola 8 musanayambe kumwa magazi. Mutha kumwa madzi oyera okha.

Kuphatikiza apo, masiku osachepera atatu mayeso musanachitike, muyenera kutsatira chakudya chokwanira (mwachitsanzo, popanda kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta).

M'pofunikanso kudziwa ndi dokotala yemwe adayambitsa phunziroli kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe amamwa nthawi zonse omwe angakulitse kuchuluka kwa glucose (makamaka, glucocorticoids, okodzetsa, beta-blockers). Mwinanso, kulandilidwa kwawo kuyenera kuyimitsidwa asanaphedwe Kafukufuku wa OGTT.

Kuyeserera kwa shuga pakamwa kuyesedwa

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kumeneku kumachitika pakati pa milungu 24 ndi 28 ya bere. Mimba, pakokha, imakonzekera kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Cholinga chake ndikuwonjezereka kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni (estrogens, progesterone), makamaka patatha milungu 20.

Izi zimapangitsa kuti minofu iwonjezeke. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa shuga mu seramu yamagazi kumadutsa kovomerezeka, komwe kungakhale chifukwa chovuta kwambiri cha matenda ashuga, amayi ndi mwana wosabadwayo.

Mayeso a kulolerana kwa shuga pa mimba ndizosiyana pang'ono. Choyamba, mkazi sayenera kukhala pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kufika ku labotale, amaperekanso magazi kuti awone kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kenako mayi woyembekezera azimwa 50 g la shuga (i.e. zochepa) kwa mphindi 5.

Kachiwiri, kuyeza kotsiriza kwa shuga mu kuyesedwa kwa glucose panthawi yoyembekezera kumachitika mphindi 60 pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa shuga.

Zotsatira zoyesazi zikapereka chizindikiro pamwamba pa 140.4 mg / dl, tikulimbikitsidwa kubwereza mayesowo ndi katundu wa 75 g la glucose komanso kuyeza glycemia 1 ndi maola 2 mutatha kutenga njira ya glucose.

Miyezo Yoyeserera ya Glucose

Zotsatira zakuyesa kwa glucose zimayesedwa mu mawonekedwe a kupindika - chithunzi chomwe chikuwonetsa kusinthasintha kwamisempha ya magazi.

Kuyesa miyeso: pa mayeso a 2-point - 105 mg% pamimba yopanda ndi 139 mg% pambuyo pa ola limodzi. Zotsatira pakati pa 140 ndi 180 mg% zitha kuwonetsa mkhalidwe wa matenda ashuga. Zotsatira zoposa 200 mg% zimatanthawuza matenda a shuga. Zikatero, ndikofunikira kubwereza mayesowo.

Ngati pambuyo pa mphindi 120 zotsatira zake zili m'malo osiyanasiyana a 140-199 mg / dl (7.8-11 mmol / L), kulolera kochepa kwa glucose kumadziwika. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe cha matenda ashuga. Mutha kuyankhula za matenda ashuga pamene, maola awiri atatha kuyesedwa, kutsekemera kwa glucose ndizoposa 200 mg / dl (11.1 mmol / l).

Pankhani yoyesedwa ndi magalamu 50 a shuga (panthawi ya pakati), shuga msanga mu ola limodzi ayenera kukhala ochepera 140 mg / dl. Ngati apamwamba, ndikofunikira kubwereza mayesowo ndi 75 g ya glucose pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo onse a kukhazikitsidwa kwake. Ngati maola awiri mutatha kulongedza magalamu 75 a shuga, kuphatikiza kwake kudzaposa 140 mg / dl, matenda a shuga amapezeka mwa amayi apakati.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti miyezo ya ma labotale ingasiyane pang'ono ma labotale osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake pazotsatira zanu muyenera kukambirana ndi dokotala.

Mukamachita kuyesa kwa glucose

Mayeso a kulolera a glucose kuchitika milandu:

Pali zisonyezo zosonyeza kuti munthu ali ndi matenda ashuga kapena kuloleza glucose,
mutalandira kuyesedwa kolakwika kwa shuga,
pamaso pa zizindikiro za metabolic syndrome (m'mimba kunenepa kwambiri, triglycerides, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa cholesterol ya HDL),
mwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi vuto lolondola la glucose yolakwika,
pali kukayikira kwa yogwira hypoglycemia,
mwa mayi aliyense pakati pa 24 ndi 28 milungu yobereka.

Chiyeso chololera pakamwa cha glucose ndikofunikira chifukwa chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira matenda akulu monga matenda a shuga. Zikagwiritsidwa ntchito mukamaphunziro ena, zotsatira zake kuzindikira matenda ashuga sizachilendo kwenikweni kapena ngati shuga wa m'magazi ali m'malire a malire.

Phunziroli limalimbikitsidwanso pamaso pa zinthu zina zomwe zikuwonetsa metabolic syndrome, pomwe glycemia imakhala yolondola.

Zomwe insulin imachita ndi shuga

ndikutuluka magazi

Mwazi waukulu wamagazi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga komanso vuto lalikulu kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Magazi okwera m'magazi ndi chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga.

Kuti muthane ndi matenda anu moyenera, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino komwe glucose amalowa m'magazi ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Werengani nkhaniyo mosamala - ndipo mudzazindikira momwe malamulo a shuga wamagazi aliri enieni komanso zomwe zimasintha ndikusokoneza kagayidwe kazakudya, i.e. wodwala matenda ashuga.

Zakudya zomwe zimapezeka m'magulu a shuga ndi ma protein ndi mapuloteni. Mafuta omwe timadya alibe phindu lililonse pa shuga wamagazi.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani anthu amakonda kukoma kwa shuga ndi zakudya zotsekemera? Chifukwa imathandizira kupanga ma neurotransmitters (makamaka serotonin) mu ubongo, omwe amachepetsa nkhawa, amachititsa kumva kukhala bwino, kapena ngakhale euphoria.

Chifukwa cha izi, anthu ena amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, amphamvu kwambiri monga kusuta fodya, mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Anthu omwe amadalira Carbohydrate omwe adakumana nawo amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma serotonin kapena kuchepetsa chidwi cha receptor kwa icho.

Kukoma kwa zinthu zamapuloteni sikukondweretsa anthu monganso kukoma kwa maswiti. Chifukwa mapuloteni odya zakudya amawonjezera shuga m'magazi, koma zoterezi zimayamba kuchepa komanso kufooka. Chakudya chopatsa thanzi chopatsa mphamvu, momwe mapuloteni ndi mafuta achilengedwe amakhala ambiri, chimakupatsani mwayi wochepetsa shuga wamagazi ndikuchisunga bwino, monga mwa anthu athanzi opanda shuga.

Zakudya zachikhalidwe zomwe zimakhala ndi "shuga" yayikulu sizingadzitamandire, chifukwa mumatha kuwona mosavuta poyesa shuga ndi magazi anu. Komanso, pakudya chamafuta ochepa a shuga, timatha mafuta abwinobwino achilengedwe, ndipo izi zimathandiza kupindula ndi mtima wathu, kutsitsa magazi komanso kupewa mtima.

Werengani zambiri za Mapuloteni, Mafuta, ndi Zakudya Zam'magazi mu Zakudya za Matenda A shuga.

Kodi insulin imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Insulin ndi njira yotulutsira shuga - mafuta - kuchokera m'magazi kupita m'maselo. Insulin imayambitsa "ma glucose" omwe amayendetsa maselo. Awa ndimapuloteni apadera omwe amasunthira mkati kuchokera mkati kupita kukapangidwe kenakake kolowera kwa maselo, ndikugwira ma mamolekyulu a glucose, kenaka amawasamutsira ku "magetsi" amkati kuti akawotche.

Glucose amalowa m'maselo a chiwindi ndi minofu motsogozedwa ndi insulin, monga m'mitundu ina yonse ya thupi, kupatula ubongo. Koma pamenepo siyimawotchedwa pomwepo, koma imasungidwa m'malo osungika monga glycogen. Izi ndi zinthu ngati wowuma.

Ngati palibe insulini, ndiye kuti omwe amayendetsa glucose amagwira ntchito molakwika, ndipo maselo sawatenga mokwanira kuti azigwira ntchito zofunika. Izi zimagwira minyewa yonse kupatula ubongo, womwe umadya shuga popanda kutenga insulin.

Chochita china cha insulin mthupi ndichoti mchikakamizo chake, maselo amafuta amatenga shuga m'magazi ndikusintha kukhala mafuta odzola, omwe amadzisonkhanitsa. Insulin ndiye mahomoni akuluakulu omwe amalimbikitsa kunenepa kwambiri komanso kupewa kunenepa. Kusintha kwa glucose kukhala mafuta ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe shuga ya magazi motsogozedwa ndi insulin imachepa.

Kodi gluconeogenesis ndi chiyani

Ngati magazi a shuga atsika pang'onopang'ono ndipo mphamvu zama carbohydrate (glycogen) zatha kale, ndiye kuti m'maselo a chiwindi, impso ndi matumbo, njira yosinthira mapuloteniwo kukhala shuga. Njirayi imatchedwa "gluconeogeneis", imachedwa kwambiri komanso siyothandiza. Nthawi yomweyo, thupi la munthu silingathe kutembenuza glucose kukhala mapuloteni. Komanso, sitikudziwa momwe angasinthire mafuta kukhala glucose.

Mwa anthu athanzi labwino, ndipo ngakhale odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, kapamba amene amakhala mu "kusala" nthawi zonse amapanga insulin. Chifukwa chake, insulin yaying'ono imakhalapo mthupi lonse. Izi zimatchedwa "basal," ndiko kuti,

"Basic" ndende insulin m'magazi. Zimayimira chiwindi, impso komanso matumbo kuti mapuloteni sayenera kusinthidwa kukhala glucose kuti achulukitse shuga. Kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi "zoletsa" gluconeogeneis, ndiye kuti,

Miyezo ya shuga yamagazi - yovomerezeka komanso yeniyeni

Mwa anthu athanzi lopanda matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kosamalidwa bwino kwambiri - kuyambira 3.9 mpaka 5.3 mmol / L. Ngati mumayesa magazi nthawi iliyonse, mosasamala zakudya, mwa munthu wathanzi, ndiye kuti magazi ake adzakhala pafupifupi 4,7 mmol / L. Tiyenera kulimbana ndi chiwerengerochi mu matenda ashuga, i.e., shuga wamagazi tikatha kudya siapamwamba kuposa 5.3 mmol / L.

Magazi a pachikhalidwe cha shuga ndi okwera kwambiri. Amatsogolera pakupanga zovuta za matenda a shuga pazaka zambiri.

Ngakhale mwa anthu athanzi, chakudya chikadzaza ndi chakudya chamafuta ambiri, shuga m'magazi amatha kudumphira mpaka 8-9 mmol / l.

Koma ngati palibe shuga, ndiye kuti mukatha kudya imayamba kuzimiririka patangopita mphindi zochepa, ndipo simuyenera kuchita chilichonse chifukwa chake. Mu matenda ashuga, "nthabwala" ndi thupi, kumudyetsa wamafuta owonjezera, sizili bwino.

M'mabuku a sayansi azachipatala komanso otchuka a shuga, 3.3-6.6 mmol / L ngakhale mpaka 7.8 mmol / L amadziwika kuti ndi shuga.

Mwa anthu athanzi lopanda matenda a shuga, shuga wamagazi samadumphira mpaka 7.8 mmol / L, pokhapokha mutadya chakudya chochuluka, kenako mumikhalidwe yotere imatsika mofulumira kwambiri.

Miyezo yachipatala ya shuga ya magazi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonetsetsa kuti dokotala “wapakati” samakhala wovuta kwambiri pakuzindikira komanso pochiza matenda ashuga.

Hemeni insulin ndi udindo wake m'thupi la munthu

Dongosolo la endocrine (mahomoni) la anthu limayimiridwa ndi mahomoni ambiri, omwe amachititsa zinthu zofunika mthupi. Zomwe zimaphunziridwa kwambiri ndi insulin.

Ndi mahomoni okhala ndi peptide (zakudya), ndiye kuti ali ndi mamolekyulu angapo amino acid. Timadzi timene timathandizira kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi potengera ziwalo zonse za thupi.

Malinga ndi mtundu wa database ya PubMed, ma netizens adafunsa kuti insulin ndi ntchito yanji mthupi, nthawi pafupifupi 300,000. Chiwerengerochi ndi mbiri yonse pakati pa mahomoni.

Anaphatikizidwa insulin m'maselo a endocrine a mchira wa pancreatic. Derali limatchedwa chilumba cha Langerhans polemekeza wasayansi yemwe adazindikira. Ngakhale kufunika kwa mahomoni, ndi gawo limodzi lokha la thupi lomwe limapanga 1-2% yokha.

Synthesized insulin malinga ndi algorithm otsatirawa:

Poyamba, prroinsulin imapangidwa mu kapamba. Ndiye insulin yayikulu.
Nthawi yomweyo, signept peptide imapangidwa, yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati prestinsinsulin. Adzaunikiranso gawo la insulin m'maselo a endocrine, pomwe amasinthidwa kukhala proinsulin.
Ma proinsulin omwe adapangidwa okonzeka amakhala m'magulu a endocrine (mu zida za Golgi) kwa nthawi yayitali kuti athe kukwaniritsa kusasitsa. Gawo ili likamalizidwa, limagawidwa mu insulin ndi C-peptide. Otsiriza a iwo akuwonetsa ntchito ya endocrine ya kapamba.
Insulin yopanga imayamba kuyanjana ndi zinc ion. Kutulutsa kwake kuchokera ku maselo a beta kulowa m'magazi a anthu kumachitika pokhapokha ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Pofuna kupewa syntulin, insagonist, glucagon, amatha. Kupanga kwake kumachitika m'maselo a alpha pazilumba za Langerhans.

Kuyambira 1958, insulini yakhala ikuyezedwa m'magawo azinthu zosiyanasiyana (MED), komwe gawo limodzi ndi ma micrograms 41. Kufunika kwa insulin kwamunthu kumaonekera m'magawo a carbohydrate (UE). Kukula kwa mahomoni pamsana ndi motere:

Makamaka:
- pamimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera kumayunitsi atatu,
- mutatha kudya mpaka 20 mayunitsi.
Akuluakulu:
- pamimba yopanda kanthu yochepera 3 mayunitsi,
- mutatha kudya yoposa 25 mayunitsi.
Okalamba:
- pamimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera kumagawo 6,
- mutatha kudya mpaka 35.

Mapangidwe a molekyulu ya insulin akuphatikizira maunyolo awiri a polypetid, omwe ali ndi mapuloteni a 51 monomeric, omwe amaperekedwa mwa mitundu ya mabungwe amino acid:

Chingwe - maulalo 21,
B-unyolo - 30 maulalo.

Maunyolo amalumikizidwa ndi ma cell awiri osasokoneza kudutsa zotsalira za alpha-sulfure amino acid (cysteine). Mlatho wachitatu umangokhazikitsidwa ku ma chain a A-chain.

Zomwe madotolo amati pa matenda ashuga

Doctor of Medical Science, Pulofesa Aronova S. M.

Kwa zaka zambiri ndakhala ndikuphunzira za zovuta za DIABETES. Zimakhala zowopsa anthu ambiri akamwalira, ndipo makamaka amakhala olumala chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

Ndithamangira kunena mbiri yabwino - Endocrinological Research Center ya Russian Academy of Medical Sayansi yakwanitsa kupanga mankhwala omwe amachiritsa odwala matenda ashuga mellitus. Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwalawa kuyandikira 100%.

Nkhani ina yabwino: Unduna wa Zaumoyo wateteza kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulogalamu yapadera yomwe imalipilira mtengo wonse wa mankhwalawo. Ku Russia ndi mayiko a CIS odwala matenda ashuga kale atha kupeza mankhwala ZAULERE.

Momwe mahomoni amagwirira ntchito

Kusanthula mawonekedwe a insulin, muyenera kuyang'anira momwe amagwirira ntchito. Maziko ake ndi kutengera kwa maselo omwe amafunikira shuga. Chofunikira kwambiri mmenemo ndi adipose ndi minofu minofu.

Zosafunika kwenikweni ndi shuga kwa chiwindi. Maselo otsogola amatha kudya glucose momwe angafunikire ndikusunga zochuluka zake. Stock imaperekedwa ngati glycogen.

Njala yamphamvu ikayamba kulowa, glucose amamasulidwa ndikukutumiza ku magazi, komwe kuzungulira kwake kumabwereza.

Mulingo woyenera wa insulin ndi shuga m'magazi umatsimikiziridwa ndi wotsutsana naye - glucagon. Ngati pali vuto lina la kupanga mahomoni ena, ndiye kuti munthu amadzuka (hyperglycemia) kapena madontho (hypoglycemia) shuga. Mavuto aliwonsewa amatha kupweteketsa mtima, kuphatikizapo kukomoka komanso kufa.

Zowononga thanzi la munthu

Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga komwe kumayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri kwa insulin kumatchedwa hypoglycemia. Munthu amakhala ndi zofooka zazikulu, mpaka kumatha kuzindikira.

Muzovuta kwambiri, kufa ndi kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic ndikotheka. Mosiyana ndi izi, pali hyperglycemia yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa mahomoni ena kapena kuchepa kwake m'mimba.

Imadziwoneka yokha mu mtundu wa shuga. Matendawa ndi amitundu iwiri:

Mtundu woyamba umatchedwa insulin-wodalira chifukwa choti munthu wafunikira jakisoni wa insulin. Pali matenda chifukwa chophwanya ntchito za kapamba. Mankhwalawa akuphatikiza jakisoni wa mahomoni ndi kukonza moyo.
Mtundu wachiwiri umatchedwa insulin-Independent, popeza mahomoni amapangidwa ndi kapamba, koma mu ma cell osakwanira kapena maselo omwe akutsata amawona kuti akuipiraipira. Matendawa ndi amodzi mwa anthu opitilira zaka 40, makamaka omwe akudwala kunenepa kwambiri. Chofunika cha kumwa mankhwalawa ndikumwa mankhwala omwe amathandizira kuzindikira kwa mahomoni ndi kusintha kwa moyo.

Ngati muwerenga izi, mutha kuzindikira kuti inu kapena okondedwa anu mukudwala matenda ashuga.

Tinachita kafukufuku, tinaphunzira zambiri zamagulu ndipo makamaka ndinayang'ana njira ndi mankhwala ambiri a shuga. Chigamulochi ndi motere:

Ngati mankhwalawa onse akaperekedwa, zinali zotsatira zosakhalitsa, atangomaliza kudya, matendawa amakula kwambiri.

Chithandizo chokhacho chomwe chapereka zotsatira zabwino ndi Dianormil.

Pakadali pano, awa ndiye mankhwala okhawo omwe amachiritsiratu matenda ashuga. Dianormil adawonetsa chidwi chachikulu magawo a shuga.

Tidafunsa Unduna wa Zaumoyo:

Ndipo kwa owerenga tsamba lathu lino mwayi
khalani ndi dianormil ZAULERE!

Yang'anani! Milandu yogulitsa Dianormil yabodza tsopano.
Mukayika lamulo pogwiritsa ntchito maulalo pamwambapa, mumatsimikiziridwa kuti mudzalandira malonda kuchokera kwa wopanga wamkulu. Kuphatikiza apo, mukamayitanitsa pa tsamba lovomerezeka, mumalandira chitsimikizo cha kubweza (kuphatikizapo ndalama zoyendera) ngati mankhwalawo alibe.

Insulin ndi kufunikira kwake kwa thupi

Ma mahormone amayang'anira ntchito zofunika kwambiri za thupi lathu, amagwira ntchito kudzera m'magazi ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati makiyi "otsegulira zitseko". Insulin ndi timadzi tomwe timapangidwa ndi kapamba, ndiye mtundu wapadera wamaselo - maselo a beta.

Ma cell a β-amapezeka m'malo ena a kapamba, omwe amadziwika kuti ma islets of Langerhans, omwe kuphatikiza ma β-cell mulinso ma α-cell omwe amapanga timadzi ta glucagon, δ (D) - maselo omwe amapanga somatostatin ndi ma F-cell omwe amatulutsa polypeptide (ntchito yake osamvetseka bwino).

Zikondazo zilinso ndi ntchito ina yofunika, zimatulutsa ma enzyme omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi chimbudzi. Ntchito yapachikondichi sichimaletsa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Chifukwa chake insulin ndiyofunikira kwambiri m'thupi kotero kuti imakhala ngati "yotsegula" khomo "la glucose" mu cell.

Munthu akangoona chakudya kapena kumanunkhiza, ma cell ake β amalandila signature kuti awonjezere insulin.

Ndipo chakudyacho chikalowa m'mimba ndi m'matumbo, mahomoni ena apadera amatumiza zizindikilo zochulukirapo ku maselo a beta kuti achulukitse kupanga kwa insulin.

Maselo a Beta ali ndi mita yamagazi m'magazi omwe amalemba pomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwera ndikuyankhira potumiza kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi.

Anthu opanda matenda a shuga akamadya chakudya, kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kumawonjezeka kwambiri, izi ndizofunikira kuti shuga isungidwe kuchokera ku chakudya m'maselo.

Mwa anthu otere, shuga wa m'magazi nthawi zambiri samakula kuposa 1-2 mmol / l atatha kudya.

Insulin imatumizidwa ndi magazi kupita ku maselo osiyanasiyana amthupi ndipo imamangika pamwamba pake ndi ma cell apadera a insulin, chifukwa chake maselo amakhala ovomerezeka kwa glucose. Koma si maselo onse amthupi omwe amafunikira insulin kuti atenge glucose.

Pali maselo "odziyimira pawokha"; amamwa shuga popanda kutenga insulin, molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Amapezeka muubongo, mafupa am'mitsempha, mafinya, impso komanso ma adrenal gland, komanso mu khoma lamitsempha yama cell ndi ma cell (magazi ofiira).

Zitha kuwoneka ngati zosagwirizana kuti ma cell ena safuna insulin yotumiza shuga.

Komabe, m'malo omwe thupi limakhala ndi shuga wochepa, kupanga kwa insulini kumayima, potero kusungirako shuga kwa ziwalo zofunika kwambiri.

Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi anu ndi okwera kwambiri, maselo odziyimira pawokha amatenga shuga ochuluka, ndipo chifukwa chake amawononga maselo motero, kugwira ntchito kwa chiwalo chonse.

Thupi limafunikira insulini yocheperako ngakhale pakudya komanso pakati pausiku kuti lisinthe glucose yochokera ku chiwindi. Izi zimatchedwa "basal" insulin secretion.

Mwa anthu opanda matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumeneku ndi 30-50% ya insulin tsiku lililonse.

Palinso "insimuyamu" yobisika ya insulin, yomwe imapangidwa ndikudya.

Mafuta ambiri omwe amabwera kwa ife ndi chakudya amasungidwa m'chiwindi monga glycogen (ndi chakudya chomwe chimatha kuwola msanga kupanga shuga).

Ngati munthu adya zoposa zomwe amafunikira, ndiye kuti zochuluka zamafuta zimasinthidwa kukhala mafuta, omwe amasungidwa mu minofu ya adipose. Thupi laumunthu liri ndi kuthekera kopanda malire kwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta.

Mosiyana ndi izi, mapuloteni (amino acid) amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi, koma alibe malo osungirako. Chiwindi chimatha kupangira shuga osati kuchokera ku glycogen, komanso ku amino acid, mwachitsanzo, ngati simunadye kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma nthawi yomweyo, kuwonongeka kwa minofu kumachitika, popeza thupi lilibe depo ya amino acid (mkuyu. 1).

Mkuyu 1. Zakudya zomanga thupi mthupi (R. Hanas "Mtundu woyamba wa shuga mu ana, achinyamata ndi achinyamata", buku la 3d, kusindikiza kwa Class, London, 2007).

Zikondwerero

Chikondamoyo ndi gawo lopanda manja la kanjedza lomwe lili kumapeto kwa m'mimba pafupi ndi m'mimba. Imagwira ntchito ziwiri zazikulu: imapanga ma enzyme omwe amathandizira kugaya chakudya, ndipo imatulutsa insulin yomwe imathandizira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Ma enzymes am'mimba kuchokera ku kapamba amalowa m'matumbo kudzera pancreatic duct. Amalowa mu duodenum limodzi ndi duct ya bile, yomwe imachotsa bile ku chiwindi ndi chikhodzodzo. Mu kapamba, pali zilumba pafupifupi 1 miliyoni za Langerhans.

Insulin imapangidwa ndi maselo a islet beta ndipo imatulutsidwa mwachindunji m'mitsempha yaying'ono ya magazi yomwe imadutsa kapamba.

Selo yathanzi

Shuga kuchokera ku chakudya amalowetsedwa m'matumbo ndipo amalowa m'magazi mu mawonekedwe a shuga (dextrose) ndi fructose. Glucose ayenera kulowa m'maselo kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mphamvu kapena njira zina za metabolic.

Madzi a insulin ndi ofunika kuti "titsegule chitseko", ndiye kuti, kuti zitheke kutulutsa shuga m'maselo kudzera pa khoma la cell. Glucose atalowa mu cell, amasinthidwa mothandizidwa ndi oksijeni kukhala mpweya woipa, madzi ndi mphamvu.

Carbon dioxide kenako imalowa m'mapapu, pomwe imasinthidwa ndi oksijeni (mkuyu. 2).

Mkuyu. 2.Umagazi a shuga a magazi (R. Hanas "Mtundu wa 1 wa shuga mwa ana, achinyamata ndi achinyamata", buku la 3d, kusindikiza kwa Class, London, 2007).

Mphamvu ndizofunikira kuti maselo azigwira ntchito moyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga mu mawonekedwe a glycogen amasungidwa m'chiwindi ndi minofu kuti agwiritsenso ntchito mtsogolo.

Ubongo, komabe, sungathe kusunga glucose monga glycogen. Chifukwa chake, kudalira kosalekeza pamlingo wamagazi.

Munthu akakhala ndi njala, magazi a shuga amachepa. Pankhaniyi, chitseko chotsegulidwa ndi insulin sichichita bwino. Mwa anthu opanda matenda a shuga, kupanga insulini kumayima pafupifupi kwathunthu pamene kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsika.

Ma cell a pancreatic alpha amazindikira glucose wotsika ndipo amapanga glucagon m'magazi. Glucagon imagwira ntchito ngati chizindikiro kuti maselo a chiwindi atulutse shuga m'magulu awo a glycogen.

Pali mahomoni ena omwe amatha kupangidwanso munthu akakhala ndi njala (monga adrenaline, cortisol, ndi kukula kwa mahomoni).

Koma ngati njala ikupitilirabe, thupi limagwiritsa ntchito njira yotsalira yotsatira kuti magazi azisungunuka pamagulu oyenera a glucose pamlingo woyenera. Mafuta amaphulika kukhala mafuta acids ndi glycerol.

Mafuta acids amasinthidwa kukhala ma ketoni mu chiwindi, ndipo glucose amapangidwa kuchokera ku glycerol.

Izi zimachitika ngati muli ndi njala kwanthawi yayitali (mwachitsanzo, mukasala kudya) kapena mukudwala kwambiri kuti simungathe kudya (mwachitsanzo, ndi gastroenteritis) (mkuyu. 3).

Maselo onse mthupi lathu (kupatula ubongo) amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta monga mafuta gwero lamphamvu. Komabe, minyewa, mtima, impso ndi ubongo zokha zomwe zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma ketones ngati gwero lamphamvu.

Pakusala kwakanthawi, ma ketoni amatha kupatsa 2/3 zamphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi. Ma ketones amapanga ana mwachangu ndipo amafikira kwambiri kuposa achikulire.

Ngakhale kuti maselo amatulutsa mphamvu inayake kuchokera ku ma ketones, akadali ocheperako pogwiritsa ntchito shuga.

Ngati thupi lakhala lopanda chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti mapuloteni ochokera ku minofu minofu amayamba kusweka ndikukhala glucose.

Mkuyu. 3. Kusamalira shuga pakasala kudya (R. Hanas "Type 1 Shuga wa ana, achinyamata ndi achinyamata", buku la 3d, Class Class, London, 2007).

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga ndi kuperewera kwenikweni kwa insulin. Matenda a matenda - njira zofunikira kuti timvetse

Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi matenda omwe alibe insulini. Zotsatira zake, glucose sangathe kulowa m'maselo. Maselo oterewa amakhala ngati ali mu gawo losala kudya lomwe tafotokozazi.

Thupi lanu limayesa kukweza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuti ukhale wamtengo wapatali kwambiri, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa choperewera ndi glucose mkati mwa maselo ndi shuga wotsika wamagazi.

Ma mahormone monga adrenaline ndi glucagon amatumiza chizindikiro kuti amasulidwe a shuga chiwindi (yambitsa kuwonongeka kwa glycogen).

Panthawi imeneyi, njala imachitika nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti, magazi ambiri. Thupi limakhala lovuta kuthana ndi mpweya wambiri, ndipo limayamba kutuluka ndi mkodzo.

Pakadali pano, mafuta acids amapangidwa mkati mwa maselo, omwe amasinthidwa kukhala ma ketoni mu chiwindi, nawonso amayamba kuthira mkodzo.

Munthu akapatsidwa insulini, maselo ake amayamba kugwira ntchito mokhazikika ndipo bwalo loipa limayima (mkuyu. 4).

Mkuyu. 4. Kuperewera kwa insulini ndi mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga (R. Hanas "Mtundu wa 1 wa matenda ashuga mwa ana, achinyamata ndi achinyamata", buku la 3d, kufalitsa kwa Class, London, 2007).

Zinthu Zofananira:

Udindo wa insulin mthupi la munthu - Zolemba pamachitidwe a thupi - Endocrine system - Zolemba

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani munthu wathanzi, yemwe akuchita bwino komanso bwino, ayenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi? Kupatula apo, zonse zili bwino, palibe chomwe chimavutitsa, bwanji? Yankho la funso lophweka lotere ndilakuti: ngati munthu asamalira thanzi lake ndikuyesera kukhala achichepere komanso wakhama nthawi yayitali, ayenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa insulin yake. The axiom ndi yosavuta - "kuchuluka kwa insulini m'mwazi imachulukitsa moyo" ndipo mosemphanitsa, kuchuluka kwa insulin kapena kusowa kwa insulin kumabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri, ukalamba ndi matenda a shuga. Ndikosatheka kukhalabe achichepere komanso athanzi pamene "zochulukirapo" za mahomoni amayendayenda m'magazi kapena kuchuluka kwake ndikochepa kwambiri. Mwamwayi, njirayi imatha kuwongoleredwa mosavuta.

Insulin - Awa ndi mahomoni omwe amapangidwa m'thupi la munthu ndi kapamba. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupereka shuga, ma amino acid, mafuta ndi potaziyamu kupita ku maselo amthupi. Komanso, ntchito zake zimaphatikizapo kukhala ndi shuga komanso magazi okhazikika m'magazi a anthu ndikuwongolera moyenera thupi.

Izi zimachitika motere: kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumawonjezeka ndikuyamba kupitilira 100 mg / decilita, pakadali pano kapamba amatembenuka ndikuyamba kupanga insulin mwachangu.

Amamanga shuga ochulukirapo ndikuwanyamula kupita nawo kukasungidwe - minofu kapena minofu yamafuta.

Kamodzi mu minofu yamatenda, glucose imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yogwira ntchito, ndipo ngati ili m'maselo amafuta, imasinthidwa kukhala mafuta ndikuchuluka m'thupi.

Munthawi yachilengedwe, insulini ya mahomoni ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu. Zikomo kwa iye, njira zofunika zotsatirazi zimachitika:

Hormone iyi imamanga minofu. Imayendetsa ma ribosomes omwe amathandizira pakupanga mapuloteni. Ndipo mapuloteni, monga mukudziwa, ndi zida zomangira minofu.

Zimalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa ulusi wa minofu. Ma anti-catabolic (catabolism ndi njira yophwanya) zinthu za insulin sizofunikira kwenikweni monga katundu wake wa anabolic. Chifukwa chake mahomoni awa amateteza ndikusinthanso minofu minofu. Insulin imapereka maselo a minofu ndi ma amino acid omwe ndi ofunikira kuti agwire ntchito.

Amawonjezera ntchito ya ma enzymes omwe amathandizira kupangika kwa glycogen, yomwe ndi njira yayikulu yosungirako glucose m'maselo a thupi. Ndipo ikawola, imapereka mphamvu zofunikira pamoyo wamselo ndi thupi lonse.

Chilichonse chimayenda bwino ngati insulini sikhala yopitilira muyeso wovomerezeka, koma ngati kuchuluka kwake kumachoka, ndiye kuti mkhalidwewu umakhudza thanzi la munthu. Izi zitha kuwopseza matenda monga: kunenepa kwambiri, matenda ashuga a 2, kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo la mtima.

Zovuta za insulin "yapamwamba"

Atsegula lipase. Lipase ndi enzyme yomwe imayambitsa kuphwanya mafuta (triglycerides) mthupi. Ngati palibe lipase, thupi silimawotcha minofu ya adipose, koma limadziunjikira. Zotsatira zake, pali kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta ochulukirapo.

Amakulitsa lipogenesis - kaphatikizidwe wamafuta acids.
Lioregenis yolimba imaphatikizira kuwonjezereka kwa triglycerides, yomwe imayendetsa tiziwalo ta sebaceous, chifukwa chake khungu limakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo komanso mawonekedwe a ziphuphu, seborrhea ndi dandruff.

Chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa lipid metabolism, cholesterol plaques amapanga makhoma amitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa khoma la mitsempha komanso kuchepetsedwa kwa lumen mkati mwake. Atherosulinosis imatha kudzetsa matenda a mtima.

Koma ngati pali zochuluka kwambiri mthupi, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera. Momwe insulin imakhudzira kuthamanga kwa magazi sichinakhazikitsidwebe. Pali malingaliro omwe amathandizira pa kukhazikika kwa impso ndi dongosolo lamanjenje, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitsempha yamagazi idze, ndikupangitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Insulin ndi mahomoni okula, ochulukirapo m'magazi angayambitse kukula kwa maselo owopsa. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali ndi insulin yochulukirapo amatha kukhala ndi khansa.

Malinga ndi maziko a insulin yayitali kwambiri m'magazi, matenda monga:

vuto la mtima
sitiroko
myopia
mphumu
bronchitis
kutupa kwa chapamwamba kupuma thirakiti
kusabala
zilonda zam'mimba.

Popewa matenda amtunduwu, ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi.

Kodi malire a insulin m'magazi a munthu wathanzi ndimomwe angadziwire?

Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi amapanga kuyambira 3 mpaka 20 mked / ml. Ngati chizindikirocho chikuyenda mosiyanasiyana, munthuyo amakhala wathanzi.

Zambiri: kuwunika kwa insulin kumachitika kokha pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Izi ndichifukwa choti mutadya zikondamoyo zimayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu, ndikupanga insulin, kotero magazi ake amakhala okwera kuposa masiku onse.

Kwa ana aang'ono, lamuloli siligwira ntchito - kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi sikusintha pambuyo kudya, pokhapokha ngati nthawi ya kutha, insulin imayamba kudalira njira yogaya.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kungapitirire malire kwa nthawi yayitali - iyi ikhoza kukhala bomba. Popita nthawi, matenda oyamba a ziwalo kapena machitidwe onse ofunikira amatha kupanga ndipo njirazi sizisintha.

Mulingo wokwezeka wa timadzi m'magazi umatengera kuti kapamba amapanga insulin yokwanira, koma sangathe kugwira ntchito monga momwe amayembekezera. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njirazi zizichitika zimakhala zosiyanasiyana:

kupsinjika
zochita zolimbitsa thupi,
matenda a kapamba
matenda ashuga.

Insulin ndi mahomoni achilendo. Ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimawonekera:

ludzu
kuyabwa kwa pakhungu ndi mucous;
ulesi
kufooka
kutopa
kukodza pafupipafupi
Kutalika kwa machiritso pakhungu
kulakalaka kuonda.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kulibe vuto lililonse, izi zikuwonetsa kuti thupi latopa ndi kulimbitsa thupi kwakanthawi kapena munthuyo akudwala matenda a shuga 1.

Insulin yamtundu wa shuga wa shuga sindiyerekezera. Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa mahomoni m'mwazi zitha kukhala zofanana ndi zokwera kwambiri, koma zimawonjezeredwa ku: kunjenjemera, kukhumudwa, nkhawa, kusakwiya, kukanika, thukuta komanso kumva mwadzidzidzi njala.

Kuyesa kwa Insulin m'magazi ndikofunikira kuyesa kapamba, kulephera kulikonse mu ntchito yake kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa gawo la mahomoni m'magazi. Kuti mudziwe mu labotale, mitundu iwiri ya kusanthula ndiyodziwika.

Lingaliro loyamba - Ichi ndi magazi a magazi osala kudya, oposa maola 8 ayenera kudya kuchokera pa chakudya chomaliza. Ndipo kenako ndizotheka kudziwa kuchuluka kwake m'magazi.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa kusanthula Ndi mayeso ololera a pakamwa. Wodwalayo amamwa yankho la glucose yopanda kanthu m'mimba, 75 g ya shuga itasungunuka mu madzi 250-200 ml, ndipo atatha maola awiri magazi amatengedwa kuti awunike ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Pambuyo pake, pamakhala lingaliro la kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi.

Zotsatira zolondola kwambiri zimatha kupezeka mwa kuphatikiza mitundu iwiriyi ya kusanthula: m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, sampuli ya magazi imatengedwa, ndiye kuti shuga amamwa ndipo atatha maola awiri kuyezetsa kwachiwiri kumachitika. Zotsatira zakuwunika ziwiri izi zimapereka chidziwitso chokwanira pa ntchito ya kapamba. Musanayesedwe, ndikofunika kutsatira zakudya kwa masiku atatu.

Mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi kwanu, chifukwa mumafunika glucometer. Ichi ndi chipangizo chapadera chofuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, mutha kuchigula ku shopu kapena m'malo ogulitsira zida zamankhwala.

Kuti mupeze shuga molondola monga momwe mungathere, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena:

Miyeso imapangidwa ndi NatoSchak.

Musanagwiritse ntchito mita, muyenera kuwerenga mosamala malangizo a chipangizocho, ngati pali nthawi zosamveka, muyenera kufunsa katswiri kuti mumvetse.

Sambani manja anu mosamala - sikuti timangokhala mankhwala opha matendawa, koma chowonadi ndi chakuti kayendedwe kamakina kamasintha kayendedwe ka magazi mthupi.

Kuchulukitsa kwa magazi kutha kuchitika kuchokera pazitupa za zala zitatu: pakati, mphete ndi zala zazing'ono.
Kuti muchepetse kupweteka, kukometsa ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti kusachitike pakati pilo, koma pang'ono pambali. Ngati mukufunikira kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga, muyenera kusintha malo opumira kuti musataye kapena kukulitsa khungu.

Pukutani dontho loyamba la magazi ndi ubweya wouma wa thonje, ingoikani dontho lotsatira pa mzere woyeserera. Ikani Mzere mu mita ndipo zotsatira za kusanthula zikuwonekera. Malinga ndi muyeso, zitha kumalizika kale ponena za mulingo wa insulin m'magazi.

Lowani kuti mutumize ndemanga