Ndi ziwiya ziti zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi atherosulinosis koyamba?

Atherosulinosis - matenda osachiritsika omwe amayamba chifukwa chophwanya mafuta ndi mapuloteni, omwe amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya zotanuka komanso zotumphukira mu mawonekedwe am'magawo a kugonana kwa lipids ndi mapuloteni, komanso kuwonjezereka kwa minofu yolumikizika. Chiwonetsero chachikulu cha atherosulinosis ndi zolengeza zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya mtsempha wamagazi, zomwe zimapangitsa magazi kukhala osakwanira ku ziwalo.

Atherossteosis ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wamatumbo, wowonetsa kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe ka lipids ndi mapuloteni (metabolic arteriosulinosis).

Atherosulinosis ndi njira yomwe imagwirizanirana nayo - matenda a mtima ndi matenda amitsempha yam'mimba adatuluka pamwambapa chifukwa cha zomwe zimayambitsa kufa m'maiko otukuka.

Atherosulinosis ndi nthenda ya polyetiological yomwe imakhudzana ndi zinthu zina zakunja komanso zamkati, zomwe chibadwa, chilengedwe, ndi chakudya ndizofunikira kwambiri.

a. M'badwo (pafupipafupi ukuwonjezeka ndi zaka).

b. Okwatirana (ochulukirapo mwa amuna).

c. Zotsogolera banja.

g. Hyperlipidemia (hypercholesterolemia) ndi dyslipoprotheidemia:

° amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa atherogenic (otsika komanso otsika kwambiri a lipoproteins - LDL ndi VLDL) ndi anti-atherogenic (high density lipoproteins - HDL) lipoproteins, zomwe ndizabwinobwino 4: 1,

° mwa odwala 2/5, dyslipoproteinemia imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa LDL ndi VLDL, mu 1-3 - ndi kuchepa kwa HDL.

g. Matenda a shuga.

• Komanso nkhawa, kutopa,kunenepa kwambiri, hyperuricemia.

Pathogenesis. Mwa malingaliro ambiri a pathogenesis ya atherosulinosis, chiphunzitso cha lipoprotein ndi chiphunzitso chogwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kumayeneranso chidwi.

J. Lipoprotein Chiphunzitsochi chikufotokoza kukula kwa atherosulinosis mwa kuphwanya machitidwe omwe amapanga kaphatikizidwe: lipoprotein catabolism, chitukuko cha hyperlipidemia, mapangidwe osinthidwa (L), LDL.

Ma cholesterol ambiri amayenda m'magazi ngati gawo la LDL. Pali njira ziwiri zoperekera cholesterol amkati ku maselo: LDL receptor-regulated and non-LDL receptor unregated endocytosis.

Nthawi zambiri, ambiri (oposa 2/3) a LDL amachotsedwa m'magazi ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maselo mothandizidwa ndi ma LDL receptors, omwe amapezeka m'maselo onse a chiwindi ndi owonjezera ndipo amasiya kuyimitsidwa kwa cholesterol pomwe amadzaza ndi ligand. Kugwiritsa ntchito LDL receptor-regended endocytosis, maselo amawongolera kufunika kwa cholesterol, yomwe imafunikira makamaka pakuphatikizidwa kwa membrane.

Gawo laling'ono la LDL limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maselo, kudutsa ma LDL receptors. Zosaloledwa, i.e. unsaturated, endocytosis imachitika makamaka ndi maselo a monocytic-macrophage (reticuloendothelial) ogwiritsa ntchito scavenger receptors (receptors of "scavenger cell").

Mtengo wa njira yosagwiritsika ntchito ya receptor yosagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuchotsa LDL imachulukitsa kwambiri ndi hyperlipidemia, pomwe ambiri a LDL receptors amatsekedwa ndikusintha LDL. Kutenga kwa LDL kosagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pamikhalidwe imeneyi kumayambitsa kulephera kwa mafuta a cholesterol excretion, kudziunjikira kwake kochuluka ndi kupanga ma foamy, kapena xanthoma, maselo (ochokera ku Greek. Xantos — chikasu) chomwe atherogenesis imalumikizidwa.

B. Chikhulupiriro kuyankha ngati chinthu choyambirira cha atherogenesis (kupezeka kwa cholembera wa atherosulinotic), imaganizira zowonongeka, zotengera, zomwe zitha kuchitidwa ndi osiyanasiyana. zinthu, hyperlipidemia, makina nkhawa, kupsinjika, chitetezo mthupi, poizoni, ma virus kapena zinthu zina zopatsirana, matenda a hemodynamic (matenda oopsa, kulowerera mobwerezabwereza, magazi osasinthika osagwirizana ndi malo a mtima.

Masitejipathogenesisatherosulinosis,

Popeza momwe multifactorial chilengedwe, imatha kuyimilidwa motere:

Kukula kwa atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia (nthawi zambiri), motsatana ndi mawonekedwe a lipoproteins zosinthidwa, zomwe zimagwidwa kwambiri ndi maselo a endothelial (ogwiritsira ntchito ma receptors V'L-VLDL ndi scavenger receptors) ndikusamutsira kumalo a subendothelial.

Kuwonongeka kwa endothelium ndi lipoprotein zosinthika kapena zinthu zina (ma virus, ma protein a immune immune, ma bacteria ofunikira, etc.).

Kuchulukitsa kwa mtima wam'mimba komanso kukhudzika kwa zinthu za m'magazi, kuphatikiza lipoproteins, mu intima.

Kuphatikiza kwa mapulateleti ndi ma monocytes kupita ku endothelium (motsogozedwa ndi ma adhesins akuwonetsedwa atawonongeka), kusunthira kwa monocytes kukhala intima, kusintha kwawo kukhala ma macrophages ndi kupanga ma cytokines ambiri (interleukin-1, cellplity factor, tumor necrosis factor), kukulitsa kusamuka kwa maselo ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo .

5. Kusunthira kufalikira ndikukula kwa maselo osalala (HMC) mchikakamizo cha maselo othandiza kukula kwa zinthu za m'magazi otsegulidwa ndi macrophages, endothelium ndi HMC iwo eni, omwe amatenga phenotype yopanga (nthawi zambiri contractile phenotype predominates), amapanga collagen ndi zotanuka ulusi, proteinoglycans, mwachitsanzo. khalani maziko a zolembedwa za atherosulinotic.

Kusinthidwa kwina kwa lipoproteins muubwenzi (makamaka peroxidation motsogozedwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi macrophages), mapangidwe a maofesi okhala ndi proteinoglycans, kugwidwa kwawo ndi ma macrophages, omwe, atatha kugwiritsa ntchito machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito ndikuchotsa (makamaka lysosomes), amadzaza ndi lipids ndikupanga maselo a xanthoma. Gawo la maselo a xanthoma limapangidwa kuchokera ku GMCs, omwe, okhala ndi ma receptor osinthidwa a P-VLDLPs, samawatenga iwo.

Kusintha kwotsatira kwa zolembazo kumalumikizidwa ndi kupangika kwa capillaries mmenemo mothandizidwa ndi kukula kwa zinthu (RF), kuyika kwazinthu zina zama cell - T ndi B lymphocyte, fibroblasts, necrosis yama dipatimenti yapakati, sclerosis, hyalinosis, calcation.

Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe. Mitsempha ya elastiki (aorta) ndi minofu-elastic (minofu yayikulu yamitsempha) imakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri, momwe minyewa yamafupa imathandizira pochita izi.

Ine. MacroscopicZosintha onetsani mphamvu za njirayi.

madera achikasu kapena achikasu imvi (mawanga), omwe nthawi zina amaphatikizika ndikupanga mawonekedwe, koma osakwera pamwamba pa intima,

zimayamba kuoneka ngati m'mawa pakhoma lakhomalo komanso pamalo omwe nthambi zake zimakhala, pambuyo pake m'mitsempha yayikulu.

makungu ozungulira kapena ozungulira, oyera kapena oyera oyera oyera omwe amakwera pamwamba pamtunda nthawi zambiri amaphatikizana, zimapereka kuyandikana kwambiri komanso kumachepetsa kuwala kwa mtsempha,

Nthawi zambiri, zolembera zimachitika m'mimba msempha, m'mitsempha ya mtima, ubongo, impso, miyendo yam'munsi, mitsempha ya carotid,

zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri nthawi zambiri ndimagawo amitsempha yamagazi omwe amakumana ndi zotsatira za hemodynamic (makina) - mdera la nthambi ndi kupindika kwa mitsempha.

a. Zilonda zowoneka bwino ndi zilonda zam'mimba (atheromatous zilonda).

b. Ma hemorrhages mu makulidwe a zolengeza (intramural hematoma).

c. Mapangidwe a thrombotic amawombera pamalo a ulceration a plaque.

• Zilonda zovuta kuphatikiza ndikupanga matenda amtima

4.Milandu, kapena atherocalcinosis- gawo lomaliza la atherosclerosis, lomwe limadziwika ndi kufotokozeredwa kwa mchere wa calcium m'mazira a fibrous, i.e. calcation.

• Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusintha kwa atherosulinotic nthawi zambiri imakhala yophatikizidwa, zomwe zikuwonetsa ngati njira ya atherosulinosis.

IIMicroscopic (morphogeneticscical) magawo.

• Kusintha kwa mawonekedwe komwe kumawonetsa kuperewera kwa kagayidwe ka mankhwala m'thupi, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka ndi kuwonongeka kwa intima.

Ma microncopy a Electronpa: mu madontho a lipids, mapuloteni a plasma, fibrinogen (fibrin) amapezeka pang'onopang'ono. Munthawi zoyambirira, kuchulukitsa kwa MMC ndi macrophages kumatha kuonedwa.

• Kulowetsedwa mwachangu kwa mitsempha, makamaka magawo ake apamwamba, ndi lipids (cholesterol), lipoproteins, mapuloteni, mawonekedwe a xanthoma maselo (maselo osalala a minofu ndi ma macrophages, ma cytoplasm omwe amadzazidwa ndi lipids) ndi mawonekedwe.

• Zimatitsogolera pakupanga mawanga amafuta ndi mitsempha. Zambiri anapezeka ndi Sud 3:

mu unakhuthala intima, lipids atagona momasuka ndi xanthoma maselo atakhala utoto wofiirira amapezeka.

• Kukula kwa zolumikizana minyewa ya intima imadziwika m'malo a kufalikira ndi kuwonongeka kwa lipids ndi mapuloteni, omwe amatsogolera pakupanga zolembera za fibrous.

• M'mphepete mwa chidikacho pamakhala chitseko cha zombo zopyinjika, zomwe zimapangitsanso mapuloteni ena a lipoprotein ndi plasma.

Kuwonongeka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za chidikacho ndi kupangika kwa mapuloteni am'madzi a protein, momwe makristulo a cholesterol amapezeka, ndi khalidwe.

M'mphepete mwa chinsalichi, pali zotengera zingapo zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimachokera ku vasa vasorum, komanso ma xanthoma cell, lymphocyte, ndi ma cell a plasma.

Danga lakunja la minofu yolumikizira ya hyalinized, yothira ma atheromatous mamati kuchokera ku lumen ya chombo, imatchedwa "chivundikiro".

Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi minyewa nthawi zambiri zimachitika, nthawi zina zimawonongeka, chifukwa pomwe zolembazo nthawi zina zimafikira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.

Pokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa zombo zomwe zangopangidwa kumene, hemorrhage imachitika mu makulidwe a chinsalu (intramural hematoma).

• Zimachitika pakaonongeka matayala (zilonda zam'mimba) - chilema chokwanira nthawi zambiri chimaphimbidwa ndi misa yambiri.

• Kupezeka kwamchere wamchere mu ma atheromatous masesi a dystrophic calcation.

Zamadwala zamatenda ndi morphological amadyaRossteosis

Kutengera ndi malo oyambira mu dziwe linalake lamitsempha, zovuta ndi zotulukapo zake zimayambitsa, atherosulinosis ya msempha, mitsempha ya mtima, mitsempha ya m'mimba, mitsempha ya impso, mitsempha yamatumbo, mitsempha yam'munsi.

Munjira iliyonse, kusintha kawiri kumawonedwa.

a. Kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa chotupa cha mitsempha yokhala ndi cholembera cha atherosselotic kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa magazi komanso kusinthika kwa ischemic - dystrophy ndi atrophy of the parenchyma, ndikuyimitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta stroma.

b. Pachimake kukhathamiritsa kwa mtsempha wodyetsa, nthawi zambiri amagwirizana ndi zovuta zotupa - hemorrhage, thrombosis, kumabweretsa pachimake magazi kulephera ndi kukula kwa necrosis - kugunda kwa mtima, gangrene.

Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina, zilonda zam'mimba kwambiri zimatha kutsogolera kukula kwa aneurysm, i.e. kugunda kwa khoma la mtsempha wa magazi m'mitsempha ndi zotupa ndi kukha magazi kwina.

Aortic Atherosulinosismawonekedwe wamba.

Zosintha zimakhazikika pamimba yam'mimba ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayimiriridwa ndi zotupa zovuta komanso zowerengeka.Pankhani imeneyi, thrombosis, thromboembolism ndi embolism ya atheromatous misa imakonda kuchitika ndi matenda a mtima komanso gangrene (matumbo, malekezero ochepa).

Nthawi zambiri, aortic aneurysm imayamba, yomwe imatha kukhala cylindrical, sacular kapena herniform.

1. Kutumphuka kwa aneurysm ndikutuluka magazi (nthawi zambiri ndimapangidwe a retroperitoneal hematoma) ndikotheka.

2.Matenda a mitsempha ya mtima.

Ndiwo maziko a matenda a ischemic, ma morcological expression omwe amayang'ana kwambiri ischemic dystrophy, infarction ya myocardial, chachikulu-focal (post-infarction) ndikupatsanso ang'onoang'ono a mtima.

3.Matenda a mitsempha ya muubongo.

Ndiwo maziko a matenda amisala, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino omwe ndi ischemic ndi hemorrhagic cerebral infarction (sitiroko).

• Ischemia wa nthawi yayitali wa chithokomiro cha m'mimba chifukwa cha stenotic atherosulinosis imatsogolera pakuwonekera kwa matenda am'mitsempha ya m'mimba, kukhazikika kwa kuchepa kwa mtima kwa ubongo.

4.Matenda a mitsempha ya impso.

• Zimatithandizira kukhazikitsa madera ophatikizika a parenchyma atrophy ndi kugwa ndi sclerosis ya stroma, kapena kugunda kwamtima ndi kupangika kwa zipsera zobisirana pambuyo pake. Coarse atheroscleroimpso zazingwe (atherosulinotic nephrossteosis).

• Chifukwa cha impso minofu ischemia yokhala ndi stenotic atherosulinosis, chidziwitso (kukonzanso) kwa matenda oopsa.

5.Matenda a m'matumbo.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa thrombosis kumabweretsa gangrene m'matumbo.

Stenosing atherosulinosis ya mesenteric mitsempha imatha kuyambitsa kukula kwa ischemic colitis, pomwe khosi lakumanzere kwa colon (splenic angle) ndi rectosigmoid colon nthawi zambiri limakhudzidwa.

6.Matenda a mitsempha ya miyendo.

Mitsempha yachikazi imakhudzidwa kwambiri.

Ndi kuwonjezera kwa thrombosis, atherosulinotic gangrene ya miyendo imayamba.

Stenosing atherosclerosis ngati vuto la kufalikira kwamkati limatsogolera ku minofu atrophy ndi chizindikiro cha kuphatikizika kwa claudication (kupweteka komwe kumachitika m'miyendo poyenda).

1.Ndi zotengera zamtundu wanji zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi atherochifuwa?

b. Mitsempha yaying'ono.

Mitsempha yamtundu wa zotanuka.

D. Mitsempha yamtundu wa minofu.

2.Kodi pali ubale wotani pakati pa atherosulinosis ndi arteriosulinosis?

a. Atherosulinosis ndi mtundu wa arteriosulinosis.

B. Arteriosulinosis ndi mtundu wa atherosulinosis.

c. Atherosulinosis - kagayidwe kachakudya ka mankhwala

Atherosulinosis - senile arteriosulinosis.

Atherosulinosis - matupi awo samatsutsana.

3.Kodi metabolic (zinthu zomwe zimasewera ndizofunikira) ndi ziti?ntchito chitukuko cha atherosulinosis?

b. Kuwonjezeka kwa chiŵerengero cha LDL kupita ku HDL.

c. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa LDL ku HDL.

Chiphunzitso chamakono chofotokozera ma cellularnjira za chitukuko cha atherosulinosis mu hyperlipidemia (1), olemba chiphunzitso ichi (2),

1) a. Makope.

Mr. I. Goldstein ndi M. Brown.

5.Zomwe zimapanga khoma la chotengera zimakhudzidwa ndiatherosulinosis?

c. Kunja ndi pakati.

! d. M'nyumba komanso panja.

6.Zowonetsera chilichonse cha macroscopicatherosulinosis (1, 2) sankhani zoyeneraotchulidwa morphological omwe ali ndi (a, b, c, d, e).

1. Malo amafuta ndi mikwingwirima.

2. Zithunzi zokongola.

a. Intima ndi yosalala.

b. Zithunzi zoyera-zachikaso moyandikirana.

c. Yogwirizana ndi gawo la lipoidosis.

g. Magawo a liposulinosis ndi atheromatosis amafanana.

e. Kukhalira kwamapazi.

7.Pa mtundu uliwonse wa ischemia womwe umachitika litiatherosulinosis (1, 2), sankhani yoyenerakusintha kwa ziwalo zamkati (a, b,c, d, e).

D. Dystrophy ndi atrophy of organ parenchyma.

8.Zosintha zamkati zamkatindi atherosulinosis ya msempha.

a. Pulmonary thromboembolism.

b. Gangrene wa m'munsi.

c. Bulauni wakuda wa chiwindi.

zilonda zamatumbo.

D. Kumasulira kwa impso, zipsera za infirisi.

9.Khalidwe kusintha aimpso mu atherosulinosisrose yamitsempha yamafuta.

a. Arteriolosclerotic nephrossteosis.

b.Atherosulinotic nephrossteosis.

Zachinyengo zam'mbuyo, zipsera za pambuyo pake.

e. Kulunjika pa zojambula zozungulira.

10.Pa aneurysm iliyonse (1, 2), sankhani mawonekedwemawonetseredwe aminga (a, b, c, d, e).

Atherosulinotic aortic aneurysm.

Syphilitic Aortic Aneurysm

a. Nthawi zambiri kutulutsidwa mu kukwera kwa msempha ndi kungʻambika Chipilala.

b. Amadziwika m'matumbo aorta.

c. Intima imawoneka ngati khungu la shagreen.

Mchitidwewo umapangidwa pang'onopang'ono mumtsempha wa aorta.

e. Akakomedwa ndi orsein (fuchselin), kusintha kwa mawonekedwe kumapezeka.

11.Kusintha kwa atherosulinoticnephrossteosis.

a. Symmetric kuwonongeka kwa impso.

b. Pamwamba pake panali matalala.

c. Pansi pake ndizoyala bwino.

Makulu ake amachepetsa.

D. Pamwamba pake panali mawonekedwe okongola.

12.Wodwala wazaka 85 yemwe ali ndi vuto la kuthamanga kwa magazi amaperekedwachipatala ali pamalo ovuta: ozindikirapalibe ziwalo zoyambira kumanja.Zaka zingapo zapitazo anali ndi vuto laubongomagazi, pambuyo pake pachimakepanali dysarthria. Imfa ndi edemabongo ndikutulutsa thunthu. Zosinthamu ziwalo zitha kupezeka ndi autopsytees?

a. Ischemic kugunda kwamtima mu gawo lamanzere laubongo.

b. Cyst kumanzere kumanzere.

c. Hematoma kumanzere kumanzere.

d. Stenosing atherosulinosis mu mitsempha ya ubongo, thrombus yapakati mu mitsempha ya m'mimba.

Matendawa amatha kudziwitsidwa ndi gulu la matenda amisala.

13.Wodwala wazaka 70, M'mbuyomu yemwe adavutikamyocardial aft, ischemic matenda a mtimabongo, adalowa kuchipatala kwa ganmafuta a phazi lamanja. Imfa inadzakukula zochitika zamtima ayizokwanira. Zosintha zitha kuwululidwamfuti pamaliro?

a. Impso ndi zazing'ono, zowonda, komanso zokulirapo.

b. Intima ya msempha siyimodzimodzi, ndi zilonda zambiri zofundidwa ndi parietal thrombi.

c. Mtima umachepetsedwa kukula kwake, bala lalikulu pakhoma la ventricle yamanzere.

Mr. Cyst mu ubongo.

D. Muscat chiwindi.

14.Ndi ziti mwazosintha izi zazikuluokwana machesi atherosulinosis?

a. Kulowetsedwa ndi lipids (cholesterol) ya unasi kwambiri aortic intima.

b. Lipid kulowetsedwa kwa kwambiri unakhazikika pakati aortic nembanemba.

c. Kusintha kwa mitsempha ndi ma cystic mkati mwa membala wamkati mwa msempha.

d. Kuwerengeredwa kwamkati kwamkati.

D. Yopindulitsa vasculitis vasa vasorum.

15.Zinthu zonsezi zimawonjezera vechitukuko cha atherosulinosis, i.e. javzinthu zowopsa, kupatula:

b. Matenda a shuga.

Kuwonjezeka kwa HDL m'magazi.

16.Zizindikiro za gawo la dolipidatherosulinosis?

a. Kuchulukitsa kwa endothelial kupezeka.

b. Kuphatikizana kwa acidic glycosaminoglycans pachibwenzi.

c. Maonekedwe a maselo a xanthoma.

Chiwonongeko cha chapansi chapansi nembanemba.

D. Kuwonongeka kwa collagen ndi ulusi wa elastic.

17.Zachikhalidwe ndi morphological mitundu ya atherosclerose?

b. Atherosulinosis yamitsempha yama m'munsi.

c. Matenda a mitsempha ya mitsempha.

Matenda a msempha.

D. Mesenteric mawonekedwe.

18.Sonyezani kusintha kwamakhalidwe mu mtima,mwachindunji ndi atherosulinosismitsempha yam'mimba.

a. Kuwonongeka kwa pericardial patsekeke.

b. Myocardial infaration.

c. Mtima wotsekemera.

d. Matenda a mtima.

e. Myocardial hypertrophy.

19.Pakuwerengera pamunsi ndalamawochepetsedwa wapezeka kuti minofu ya kumapazi ndi yowumaubweya wa thonje, wandiweyani, wakuda, malire ndi mabowotinthu ting'onoting'ono tofotokozedwa bwino. SankhaniIzi ndi zolondola pa nkhani inayakeNiya.

a. Kudziwitsa: malo owuma a phazi.

b. Stenosing atherosclerosis yokhala ndi thrombus inapezeka mu mtsempha wamagetsi wachikazi.

c. Mtundu wa minofu yokhala ndi gangrene ndi chifukwa chachitsulo chosalala.

Zosintha phazi - mawonekedwe a shuga.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa phazi ndi thrombosis yamitsempha yakuya ya mwendo.

20.Wodwala wazaka 64, akuvutika kwa nthawi yayitalimatenda ashuga osachiritsika, kupweteka kudabukapamimba, chithunzi cha kutsekeka m'matumbopamimba. Zinthu zonse ndizabwino.chifukwa cha izi, kupatula:

a. Wodwala ali ndi mesenteric mawonekedwe a atherosulinosis.

b. Wodwalayo walowa m'matumbo.

c. Opaleshoniyo inawulula atherosulinosis ndi thrombosis ya mesenteric artery.

Matumba a matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi otambalala, akuda bii, utoto wa serous ndi wosalala, wowala.

Matumba a matumbo ang'onoang'ono ali ndi utoto, utoto wofiirira, wakuda, umagwira.

1. g, D. Atherosulinosis imakonda kukhazikika m'mitsempha ya zotanuka (aorta) ndi mitundu ya minofu-elastiki (yam'mimba yayikulu). Pamaso pa ochepa matenda oopsa, kusintha kwa kusintha kwa ma atherosselotic m'mitsempha yaying'ono ndikotheka (malinga ngati palibe kutchulidwa kwa matenda oopsa).

a, c. Arteriosulinosis ndi lingaliro lomwe limaphatikiza mitundu yonse ya sclerosis yamitsempha yamagazi, mosasamala kanthu zomwe zimayambitsa komanso magwiritsidwe ake a chitukuko. Atherosulinosis ndi mtundu wamba wokha wa arteriosulinosis, womwe umawonetsa kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe ka lipids ndi mapuloteni - metabolic arteriosranceosis. Kuphatikiza pa atherosulinosis, mitundu yofala kwambiri ya arteriosulinosis ndi arteriolosulinosis (kwa matenda oopsa), senile arteriossteosis, kuwerengera kwapakati pakatikati pa mitsempha (Menkeberg medial calcation), yodziwika ndi kupezeka kwa ziwonetsero zozungulira pang'onopang'ono pakukweza kwa minofu yamkati mwa akulu zaka 50.

a, b, e. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu mu pathogenesis ya atherosulinosis ndi hypercholesterolemia (hyperlipidemia). Mtengo waukulu pankhaniyi ndi kuchuluka kwamachulukidwe otsika kwambiri komanso osalimba kwambiri a lipoproteins (atherogenic lipoproteins) komanso kuchuluka kachulukidwe (antiatherogenic), kawirikawiri 4: 1 ndikuwonjezeka kwambiri ndi atherosulinosis. Hyperglycemia - chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda osokoneza bongo amakhalanso pachiwopsezo cha chitukuko cha atherosulinosis, chifukwa chimayendera limodzi ndi kuphwanya mafuta kagayidwe kazinthu kakapangidwe ka hyperlipidemia.

1 g, 2 g. Ofufuza aku America I. Goldstein ndi M. Brown mu 1985 adalandira mphoto ya Nobel chifukwa chotsimikizira kuti chiphunzitso cha mitundu ina yapamwamba ya matenda opatsirana mosachedwa. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso ichi, cholowa chobadwa nacho m'magawo a LDL chimatsogolera ku hyperlipidemia ndikusintha pazowongolera, i.e. zochitidwa mothandizidwa ndi ma cell receptors a LDL, kugwira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito LDL, cell yolembedwa (zowonjezera-LDL receptor) cell endocytosis (makamaka maselo a monocyte-macrophage system) pogwiritsa ntchito scavenger receptors a "scavenger cell" receptors Kutenga kosasankhidwa kwa LDL pansi pamikhalidwe imeneyi kumabweretsa kulephera kwa ma cell kwa cholesterol excretion, kuchuluka kwake mu cytoplasm, i.e. kuwoneka kwa maselo a xanthoma omwe atherogenesis imalumikizidwa. Zikuwoneka kuti, gawo la LDL receptors pakukula kwa atherosulinosis ndilonse. Mu cholowa cholandilira cholowa, kuperewera kwa LDL kumakhala koyamba, pomwe muzochitika zina kumatha kukhala kwachiwiri ndikuchita ngati pathogenetic. Chifukwa chake, hyper-p-lipoproteinemia iliyonse, kuphatikizapo yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi vuto la zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol komanso mafuta ochulukirapo, zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa mawu a LDL receptors komanso ma cell a endocytosis osagwirizana, omwe ndi kubwereza kwa zochitika zomwe zimachitika ndi zolakwika zobadwa nazo za LDL receptors. Chiwopsezo cha atherosclerosis chikukula ndi ukalamba chimatha kuphatikizidwanso ndi zolakwika zozama komanso zochulukirapo mu LDL receptors, zomwe zimayambitsa hyperlipidemia

Ndi atherosclerosis, kuchuluka kwa mitsempha yamankhwala am'mimba ndi zotanuka kumakhudzidwa.

1 a, b, 2 b, t Mawonekedwe amafuta ndi mikwingwirima sizisintha mawonekedwe oyanjana: amakhalabe osalala, koma amapezeka oyang'ana chikasu.Malo amafuta ndi mikwingwirima zimagwirizana ndi gawo la lipoidosis. Zithunzi zowoneka bwino ndi zoyera pamaso, zimagwirizana ndi gawo la liposulinosis ndi atheromatosis. Ngati pali zotupa m'matumba, ndiye kuti kusinthaku kumachitika chifukwa cha zotupa zovuta.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Kukula kwa atherosulinosis kumatha kuyambitsa zifukwa zambiri. Pakadali pano, kafukufuku sanayime motsimikiza zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Ofufuzawo amafufuza zinthu zingapo zomwe zingayambitse kuwoneka ngati matenda.

Zina mwa izi, izi:

1. Kudziwiratu kwam'tsogolo - zochitika za atherosclerosis mwa abale apafupi nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa. Izi zimatchedwa "mbiri yakale yapa banja,"
2. Kukhala wonenepa kwambiri sikuli bwino kuti aliyense akuwonjezera kilogalamu, ndipo kwa atherosulinosis ndi vuto lalikulu, chifukwa kunenepa kumapangitsa mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe, kuphatikiza lipid,
3. Kuledzera kwa mowa - kumakhudza ziwalo zonse ndi mitsempha yamagazi, kusintha pang'onopang'ono mawonekedwe
4. Kusuta - chikonga chimawononga m'mapapo, kumapangitsa kuti khoma lisafike, kumapangitsa kuti chikhale chochepa kwambiri komanso chochepa kwambiri,
5. Amuna amayamba kuzindikira mawonetseredwe oyamba a atherosulinosis pafupifupi zaka 10 m'mbuyomu kuposa azimayi, ndipo amadwala kanayi konse,
6. Age - imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa matendawa, chifukwa pambuyo pa zaka 40 thupi limayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matenda.
7. Matenda a shuga ndi imodzi mwazifukwa zowopsa, chifukwa matenda ashuga amayamba kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazing'ono komanso zazikulu (micro- and macroangiopathy), zomwe zimangoyambitsa kuchuluka kwa malo a atherosclerotic m'makoma awo,
8. Moyo wongokhala - wokhala ndi zolimbitsa thupi pang'ono, munthu aliyense pang'onopang'ono amayamba kunenepa, kenako machitidwewa amadziwika kale,
9. Zosokoneza zilizonse za lipid metabolism, makamaka, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins yapamwamba kwambiri, yomwe "ndiyabwino", osati atstergenic cholesterol,
10. Metabolic syndrome ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la zinthu monga matenda oopsa, kunenepa kwambiri kwam'mimba (mafuta ambiri m'mimba), triglycerides komanso kulekerera kwa glucose (kungakhale harbinger wa shuga mellitus),
11. Kupsinjika kwapafupipafupi, zokumana nazo, zowonjezera pamalingaliro - chifukwa cha iwo, kupsinjika kumawonjezeka, ndipo zotengera, zimayang'aniridwa kwambiri.

Kuyenera kudziwidwa padera kuti pamaso pa matenda otsatirawa, atherosulinosis imatuluka ndi chithunzi cha chipatala ndipo imakhala yovuta kwambiri.

Matendawa ndi awa:

• Matenda a shuga
• Matenda oopsa
• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Matenda a Raynaud
• Makina

Kuphatikiza apo, gulu ili la matenda limaphatikizapo zolakwika za mtima.

Zizindikiro za atherosulinosis

Zizindikiro zamatenda a atherosulinosis zimadalira kwenikweni pamasamba akutsikira kwa atherosulinotic malo, ndiko kuti, pomwe chombo chidawonongeka. Mu thupi laumunthu, madokotala amatulutsa matendawo. Zida zazikulu komanso zazing'onoting'ono zokhala ndi yosalala minofu yosanjikiza zimatha kutenga matendawa.

Izi ziwiya mthupi ndi:

1. Mitsempha yama coronary.
2. Aorta.
3. Zombo zapamadzi.
4. Mitsempha ya Mesenteric (kapena mesenteric).
5. Mitsempha yammbali.
6. Mitsempha yam'munsi.

Iliyonse mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zombo zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake mumapangidwe ake.

Zinthu za anatomical kapangidwe zimakhudza kwambiri matendawa ndikuwonekera kwake mthupi, zomwe zidasintha.

Kutengera ndi ziwiya ziti zomwe zimakhudzidwa, mitundu ingapo ya matenda amasiyanitsidwa, yomwe imasiyana pakawonekedwe kazizindikiro kazizindikiro pakukula.

Makhalidwe a ziwiya ndi mawonekedwe a atherosulinosis

Mitsempha yama coronary - imanyamula magazi okhala ndi mpweya wabwino kumtima. Zikakhudzidwa, myocardium simalandira mpweya wokwanira, ndipo izi zimatha kudziwoneka ngati mawonekedwe a angina.

Angina pectoris ndi chiwonetsero chachindunji cha matenda a mtima (CHD), momwe odwala amakumana ndi kutentha kwambiri, komwe kumapangitsa kupweteka kumbuyo kwa kupsinjika, kupuma movutikira komanso kuwopa kufa. Angina pectoris amatchedwa angina pectoris.

Zizindikiro zotere nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakulimbitsa thupi mosiyanasiyana, komabe, poyenda mwamphamvu, zimatha kusokoneza pakupuma. Kenako ikani kuzindikiritsa kwa angina pectoris. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu m'mitsempha kumatha kubweretsa kulowerera kwam'mnyewa wamtima - necrosis ya "necrosis" ya malo a myocardial. Tsoka ilo, pafupifupi theka la zochitika, vuto la mtima likhoza kufa.

Aorta - Khola lalikulu kwambiri lomwe limakhudza kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, madandaulo a odwala amatha kukhala osamveka, mwachitsanzo, chizungulire, kufooka wamba, nthawi zina kukomoka, kupweteka pang'ono pachifuwa.

Mitsempha yamagazi (mitsempha ya ziwalo) - ili ndi chizindikiro chotchulidwa. Odwala amasokonezedwa ndi kuchepa kwa kukumbukira, amakhala okhudza mtima kwambiri, kusintha kwawo kumasintha nthawi zambiri. Pakhoza kukhala ndi mutu komanso kanthawi kochepa owonongeka a cerebrovascular (osakhalitsa akuwukira ischemic). Odwala oterewa amadziwika ndi chizindikiro cha Ribot: amatha kukumbukira molondola zomwe zinachitika zaka khumi zapitazo, koma pafupifupi sanganene zomwe zinachitika tsiku limodzi kapena awiri apitawa. Zotsatira za kuphwanya kotereku sizabwino - kugwa kwam'mimba kumatha kuchitika (imfa ya gawo laubongo).

Mitsempha ya Mesenteric (kapena mesenteric) - pamenepa, zotengera zodutsa m'matumbo am'mimba zimakhudzidwa. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Anthu azikhala ndi nkhawa ndi zowawa zam'mimba, matenda ammimba (kudzimbidwa kapena kutsegula m'mimba). Zotsatira zopitilira muyeso zimatha kukhala kugunda kwa mtima m'matumbo, komanso pambuyo pake.

Mitsempha ya impso ndi njira yofunika kwambiri. Choyamba, odwala amayamba kuwonjezera kukakamiza, ndipo ndizosatheka kuti muchepetse mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala. Izi ndizomwe zimatchedwa renal (sekondale, chisonyezo). Pakhoza kukhalanso kupweteka m'dera lumbar, kusokonezeka pang'ono pokoka. Njira yayikulu ikhoza kutsogolera kukula kwa impso.

Mitsempha yam'munsi yotsika - izi zimaphatikizapo zachikazi, popliteal, tibial ndi mitsempha ya kumbuyo. Awo atherosulinosis nthawi zambiri imathetsa, ndiye kuti, kubowola lumen kwa chotengera.

Chizindikiro choyamba ndi "intermittent claudication" syndrome - odwala sangayime kwa nthawi yayitali osayima. Nthawi zambiri amayenera kusiya chifukwa amadandaula kuti thupi ndi miyendo yake yakomoka, dzuwa likuwoneka, khungu lotuwa kapena ngakhale cyanosis, kumverera kwa "tsekwe". Koma zodandaula zina, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasokoneza kukula kwa tsitsi pamiyendo, kuwonda pakhungu, mawonekedwe a zilonda zam'mimba zosachiritsika, kusintha mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa misomali.

Kuwonongeka kochepa kwambiri pakhungu kumayambitsa zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe pambuyo pake zimayamba kukhala gangore. Izi ndizowopsa kwa odwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa chake ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti asamalire mapazi awo, kuvala nsapato zosasunthika, osapsa mapazi awo ndikuwasamalira.

Mphamvu zamkati mwa zotumphukira za m'munsi zitha kupezekanso.

Zizindikiro zamatenda a atherosulinosis

Kuzindikira kwa atherosclerosis kumakhazikitsidwa m'njira zingapo. Choyamba, madandaulo a wodwala amayesedwa, kutengera ndi iwo, munthu akhoza kungoganiza kumene zosinthazo zinachitika.Kuti muwonetsetse matenda oyambira, njira zogwiritsira ntchito zasayansi ndi zida zothandizira zimayikidwa.

Pakati pa njira zofufuzira zasayansi, kuyesedwa kwa biochemical magazi, komwe kumayesa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yonse. Nthawi zambiri ndi atherosulinosis, imachulukitsidwa. Nthawi zonse cholesterol ndi 2.8-5.2 mmol / l. Kuti mumve zambiri mwatsatanetsatane wazomwe lipid imapangidwira magazi, lipid mbiri imayikidwa. Zimawonetsa milingo yamitundu yonse ya lipids m'thupi lathu:

• cholesterol yathunthu
• lipoproteins ochepa (cholesterol yoyipa),
• lipoproteins otsika kwambiri,
• lipoproteins wapakatikati,
• milingo ya lipoproteins yapamwamba ("wabwino" cholesterol),
• triglycerides
• ma chylomicrons.

Kusintha kwa makulidwe a lipid ndikuwonjezeka kwa milomo ya lipoproteins yotsika komanso kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha lipoproteins yapamwamba.

Kuti muwone bwino odwala, amawatumiza kuti akawone ngati ali ndi vuto loyesa () kuti atulukire njira ina (), intravascular ultrasound, complication tomography (CT) ndi imagonance imaging (MRI).

Njirazi zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone kusintha kwa mitundu yonse ya masanjidwe amitsempha yamagazi, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa stenosis yawo (kuchepetsa) ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwina.

Njira zochizira matenda a atherosulinosis

Chithandizo cha atherosulinosis ndi njira yayitali komanso yovuta.

Kuchita zochizira kumafunikira kuyang'ana kwakanthawi kwa wodwalayo ndi madokotala ake.

Chithandizo cha matendawa chimafuna magawo omveka komanso njira yolumikizirana.

Njira zochizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

1. Mankhwala.
2. Zakudya zamankhwala.
3. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azikhalidwe
5. Kupewa kufalikira kwa njirayi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a atherosulinosis kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya lipid (kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa lipids, makamaka cholesterol).

Awa ndi magulu a mankhwalawa monga Statins (Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Akorta), Fibates (Fenofibrate, Bezofibrat), anion exchange resins (Cholestyramine, Colestipol) ndikukonzekera kwa nicotinic acid (Nicotinamide, Vitamini B₃).

Ndikwabwino kumwa mankhwalawa musanagone, chifukwa cholesterol yochuluka kwambiri imapangidwa ndi thupi lathu usiku. Kugwiritsa ntchito mavitamini, michere ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zingathandize kuti magazi azithamanga komanso kuti achepetse zovuta, timalimbikitsidwanso. Ma antispasmodics (Papaverine, No-Shpa), omwe amachepetsa mitsempha yamagazi, amagwira ntchito bwino.

Chakudya chomwe chili ndi cholesterol yokwanira chimapereka mwayi kwa kusiyidwa kuchokera ku zakudya zomwe zimasuta, zamchere, zophika, chakudya chilichonse chothamanga, maswiti, mchere wambiri, nyemba, nyama zamafuta. M'malo mwake, tikulimbikitsidwa kudya masamba ndi zipatso zambiri, zipatso zosiyanasiyana, nyama yochepa mafuta, nsomba zam'madzi ndikumwa madzi okwanira lita imodzi ndi theka.

Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse thupi komanso kulimbitsa thupi lonse. Kulemera kwambiri ndi chiopsezo chachindunji cha kukula kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, momwe zombo zimavutikira, ndipo ngakhale chotupa cha atherosulinotic sichidzawathandiza. Potere, kuyenda tsiku lililonse kwa theka la ola kumalimbikitsidwa. Mutha kuchita nthabwala zopepuka, osati zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri, monga kulimbitsa thupi.

Zithandizo za anthu ndizabwino kwambiri kuthandizira kunyumba. Ikhoza kukhala nthomba za fulakesi, mafuta owonda, ma infusions ndi ma decoctions ochokera ku zitsamba zosiyanasiyana. Zowonjezera pazamoyo (zowonjezera zakudya) ndizoyenera.

Kupewa kwa atherosulinosis ndikupewa kupitirira kwa matendawa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusiya zizolowezi zoipa (kumwa mowa ndi kusuta), kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kutsatira zakudya komanso kusakhala ndi mantha.

The pathogenesis of atherosulinosis ikufotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

Mavuto a Atherosulinosis: Kuwonongeka kwa Mitsempha

1. Kodi atherosulinosis amakhudzidwa ndi chiyani?
2. Kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya za khosi
3. Kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zamiyendo
4. Atherosclerosis ya ziwiya zam'mwamba malekezero
5. Matenda a mitsempha ya impso
6. Mavuto wamba
7. Atherosclerosis yamatumbo: Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo
8. Mayeso akudziwa

Kwa zaka zambiri osavutika ndi CHOLESTEROL?

Mutu wa Bungwe: “Mudzadabwa momwe zimakhalira zosavuta kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi mwakumwa tsiku lililonse.

Matendawa ndi amodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri padziko lapansi. Izi matenda amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha chifukwa kuphwanya njira zomwe zimatsimikizira kukonza kwa mafuta. Pamapeto pake, mafuta amtunduwu atayikidwa (kapena mtundu wina wamafuta) kukhoma lamkati la chotengera, pamakhala kuwonongeka kwake. Ndipo izi zimabweretsa kale kuwonongeka m'magazi.

Matenda onse okhudzana ndi mtima ndi oopsa ndi zotsatira zake. Ndi zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa imfa ya odwala. Ndipo sitikulankhula za vuto la mtima kapena kugunda kwa mtima, komanso maulendo ena ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, minofu ya necrosis kapena kukula kwa matenda omwe amachitika ndi chiwalo chomwe chakhudzidwa.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, atherosulinosis, tanthauzo la zomwe tapereka, ndizofala kwambiri kumayiko okhala m'mizinda, m'mizinda yayikulu, ndipo nthawi zambiri imawonedwa mwa anthu okalamba, ndipo chiopsezo cha atherosclerosis mwa amuna ndiochulukirapo kawiri kuposa azimayi.

Kodi atherosulinosis amakhudzidwa ndi chiyani?

Monga tanena kale, ndi atherosulinosis, mitsempha imakhudzidwa makamaka. Komabe, mtsogolomo, kutengera madera omwe matendawa amatenga matendawa, kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zina kumawonekeranso.

• Mowonongeka pamitsempha yama coronary, mtima umavutika. Ndipo ngati simutenga zoyenera, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda a mtima kapena angina pectoris ndichachikulu.
• Mitsempha ya carotid imakhudza ubongo. Kuchita kwawo kosayenera kumatha kubweretsa stroke kapena kufulumira kwa ischemic (chimodzimodzi ndi microstroke).
• Ndi atherosclerosis ya zotumphukira mitsempha, magazi mu miyendo amatha kuwonongeka, zomwe zimayambitsa mapangidwe a gangrene.
• Atherosulinosis yamitsempha yam'mimba imayambitsa kupweteka kwamatumbo.

Pakati pamavuto owopsa, awiri amatha kusiyanika: aortic rupture (aneurysm) ndi matenda a mtima. Chifukwa cha izi, chifukwa cha chotupa cha msempha, kutaya magazi nthawi yomweyo kumachitika, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa imfa. Kachiwiri, ziwiya zopita ku myocardium yopapatiza, zimayambitsa vuto la mtima.

Kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya za khosi

Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane atherosulinosis ya mitsempha ya carotid - ziwiya za khosi, chifukwa zimakumana kawiri kawiri. Onani kuti Zotengera zoterezi sizimangokhudza ubongo wokha, komanso dongosolo lonse lamanjenje.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa akhazikike m'derali ndi cervical osteochondrosis. Pathology imatha kudziwika ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimasiyana malinga ndi gawo lomwe wodwala ali.

Chifukwa chake, ndichikhalidwe kusiyanitsa magawo atatu:

1. Poyamba, pali kuchepa kwakukulu pakuwoneka, kuoneka: kutopa, kusokonezeka kukumbukira, kusayang'anira, kusokoneza, kupweteka mutu komanso chizungulire. Nthawi zambiri, kusokonezeka kwa kugona kumachitikanso.
2. Pa gawo lachiwiri, zizindikilo zonse zimawonedwa, koma kale mu mawonekedwe. Nthawi zina zimawonjezeredwa: kusakwiya, kuwonongeka kwakuthwa, mantha opanda pake kapena paranoia.
3. Lachitatu kuwonekera: kuchepa kwa ntchito zamaganizidwe, kuwonongeka kwa mgwirizano wamagulu, kusokonezeka.

Nthawi zambiri, atherosulinosis imakhudza mitsempha ya gulu la brachiocephalic, mwachitsanzo, vertebral ndi carotid. Kuunika kwa atherosulinosis kumathandiza kupewa izi. Mwachitsanzo, njira monga transcranial dopplerography ndi MRI tsopano zatchuka.

Chifukwa chake, zovuta zamtunduwu zitha kutchedwa:

• Stroko
• Zovuta zakuwonongeka kwa kanthawi kochepa,
• Dementia (dementia).

Kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zamiyendo

Mtundu wina wofala ndi atherosulinosis yamitsempha yam'munsi, momwe zotumphukira zimakhudzidwira. Tikuyenera kudziwa pano kuti ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zotumphukira, osati miyendo yokha, komanso manja amatha kuvutika, koma izi zimachitika kangapo kangapo.

Ndikovuta kwambiri kuzindikira matendawa munthawi yake, chifukwa ndi odwala 10-12% okha omwe amawonetsa zizindikiro. Olemba onse komanso zofufuzira zofananazo angathandize pankhaniyi.

Zizindikiro zimatengera gawo lomwe wodwalayo ali. Pazonse, pali zinayi mwa izo:

• Choyamba chimadziwika: kupweteka m'miyendo poyenda nthawi yayitali, kumva kugunda, kutuluka thukuta kwambiri. Munthu amatha kuyenda mtunda wamtunda wa 1 km.
• Lachiwiri: kupweteka kwa mwendo kumakulirakulira, kusinthana ndi chromate, kusowa kwa magazi kumamveka. Munthu amatha kuthana ndi 200 m mosavuta.
• Lachitatu: zopweteka zimadziwoneka zokha ngakhale zili chete, zikapuma. Ndikovuta kuti munthu athetse mtunda wa 25 m.
• Chachinayi: atrophy ya minofu, zizindikiro za gangrene.

Funso lodziwika bwino lomwe ndi mitsempha iti yomwe imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi atherosulinosis yam'munsi, akatswiri akuti izi ndizachikazi.

Zina mwazovuta kwambiri ndi izi:

• Ndi atherosclerosis, zakudya zama minofu zimachepa, ndiye kuti, ischemia imachitika. Izi zikuphatikiza mawonekedwe a gangore. Komabe, simukuyenera kuganiza kuti njira yokhayo yochotsera ndikudula, mpaka pano, njira zina zambiri zamankhwala zapangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera,
• Stroko
• Matenda a mtima.

Atherosclerosis ya ziwiya zam'mwamba malekezero

Monga tanena kale, matenda amtunduwu siwofala konse, koma simungawanyalanyaze. Zomwe zimapangidwira sizosiyana ndi mitundu ina.

Zizindikiro, mwachitsanzo, ndi izi: kukokana m'manja, matalala manja, manja ozizira, kusowa kwakanthawi kwakanthawi m'chiuno.

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino Aterol kutsitsa cholesterol. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Popanda chithandizo choyenera, mavuto ake amawoneka:

• Matupi necrosis
• Kutupa kwa manja chifukwa cha kusintha kwa magazi
• Mapangidwe a gangrene pazala.

Matenda a mitsempha ya impso

Kuwonongeka kwa aimpso ziwiya mosavutikira kumayambitsa vuto laimpso. Chimodzi mwa matenda amtunduwu ndi maonekedwe a vasorenal Symbertaticatic hypertension, omwe amawaona ngati ovuta kuchiza. Komanso, wodwala, makamaka ngati ali ndi matenda a shuga, pamakhala chiwopsezo cha kulephera kwa impso.

Zina mwazodziwika bwino ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Nthawi zambiri, sizimatha kupitirira malire owopsa, koma kwa nthawi yayitali imasungidwa mopitilira muyeso. Zizindikiro zina ndi izi: mavuto ndi kukodza, kupweteka m'mimba, kuchepa kwa potaziyamu m'magazi.

Chifukwa chake, zina mwazotsatira za matenda, pali:

1. Stenosis Kuthinikizika kwa lumen m'madziwo kumapangitsa kuti impso iyambe "kuwuma", ndipo ntchito yake imayamba kuipira kapena kuyima kwathunthu,
2. Kupindika impso
3. Kutupa kwam'mimba chifukwa cha aimpso mtsempha wamagazi.

Mavuto wamba

Chimodzi mwazitsogozo zamankhwala chimapereka tebulo labwino likuwonetsa zotsatira za atherosulinosis.

Atherosclerosis yamatumbo: Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Atherosclerosis yamitsempha yamatumbo ndi matenda omwe cholesterol amayikidwa pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi, potero kusokoneza kupezeka koyenera kwa michere mthupi. Izi matenda ali ndi izi:

• Ululu wam'mimba, womwe nthawi zambiri umayamba mphindi 20-30 mutatha kudya ndipo simumatha maola opitilira 2,
• Kudzimbidwa kapena kutsekula m'mimba, kutengera mawonekedwe a thupi,
• Chizungulire limodzi ndi mseru
• Kufalikira
• Kutsitsa magazi
• Kuchepetsa chidwi
• Nthawi zina magazi amkati.

Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa matenda kudwala, koma zinthu monga kutupa m'mitsempha, vuto la mtima, chotupa chomwe chimakanikiza mitsempha, komanso zovuta zina zobadwa nazo nthawi zambiri zimayikhudza.

Atherosulinosis yamatumbo am'mimba, zomwe timayang'ana, zimagawika m'magawo. M'malo mwathu, pali atatu mwa awa:

• Pa gawo loyamba, ischemia imachitika, ndiye kuti, kuchepa kwa magazi. Ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso chofulumira, matendawa amasiya, ndipo matumbo amagwiranso ntchito moyenera.
• Kenako zizindikirizo zimayamba kukula mwachangu, zomwe, nthawi zambiri, zimatsogolera pakufa kwa gawo lamatumbo. Njirayi imayendera limodzi ndi kupweteka kwambiri.
• Mapeto ake, matumbo athu adzang'ambika, ndipo mtsogolomo mudzakhala imfa.

Pakapita nthawi, matendawa amatha kupezeka mothandizidwa ndi matenda a labotale. Nthawi zambiri amatengera njira monga ultrasound, FGS ndi aortoarteriography.

Ngati matenda atapezeka, njira zoyenera zimatengedwa mwachangu. Mankhwala onse ayenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Therapy nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi izi:

Chakudya chapadera chofuna kutsitsa mulids ya lipids ndi cholesterol m'mwazi wa wodwala.

• Njira ya mankhwala ndi mankhwala a hypocholesterol,
• Kumwa mankhwala kuti muchepetse magazi,
• Kulepheretsa chitukuko cha thrombosis,
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi mankhwala
• Panthawi zovuta, ntchito ndizotheka.

Zachidziwikire, simuyenera kuganiza za chithandizo chamankhwala azikhalidwe, chifukwa sichingabweretse zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. Ndipo zokhudzana ndi zovuta komanso zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chamankhwala osayenera kapena osakwanira, tanena kale mwatsatanetsatane.

Mayeso akudziwa

Ngati mukufuna kukumbukira kamodzi kapena kochepa komwe ziwiya zamatenda atakhudzidwa, mayeso omwe amapangidwa ndi mafunso osavuta atha kukuchitirani izi.

Ndi zotengera zamtundu wanji zomwe zingakhudzidwe?

• Arterioles,
• Zotupa
• Mitsempha yama cell ndi (minofu) yotanuka.

Kodi khoma la ziwiya limakhudzidwa ndi chiyani?

• Mkati
• Kunja
• Zakunja ndi zamkati.

Kodi ndi kusintha kotani kwa ziwalo komwe kungatheke ndi aortic atherosulinosis?

• Kupindika impso
• Mapangidwe amiyendo kumtunda,
• Kukhazikika kwa chiwindi.

Kodi sizomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa akule?

• Matenda a shuga
• Kusuta
• Kuwonjezeka kwa osachulukitsa lipoprotein (HDL) m'magazi.

Kodi ndi kusintha kotani komwe kumachitika ndi atherosclerotic nephrossteosis?

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino Aterol kutsitsa cholesterol. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Makhalidwe a pathology ndi magawo akulu a chitukuko

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi zaka zapakati pa omwe akuvutika ndi atherosulinosis ndi anthu azaka 35. Matendawa ndi othandizira kwambiri, chifukwa m'magawo oyamba alibe zizindikiro zapadera komanso zizindikilo za kukhalapo kwake.

Pathology pang'onopang'ono imayamba kuwononga makoma amitsempha yamagazi. Malo omwe awonongeka, amadziunjikira magazi, zinthu zonyamula mafuta m'thupi. Amatchedwa lipoproteins. Pali ochulukirapo otsika komanso otsika kachulukidwe.

Kuti muchepetse mawu osavuta kuchipatala, zidulezi zidapangidwa:

Mtundu woyamba, ndiye kuti, womwe uli ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu, umangotchedwa lipoprotein yabwino. Zimathandizira kupewa matenda. Mamolekyu amtunduwu ndi ochepa kukula koma okwera kwambiri.Chifukwa cha izi, amatha kuchotsa cholesterol yowonjezereka ndikuyichotsa m'thupi la munthu. Ntchito ya chinthu chomwe chili ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ndikuyendetsa mafuta m'thupi m'maselo a thupi. Mothandizidwa ndi cholesterol, maziko a maselo onse ndi zinthu zina zimamangidwa.

Njira zotere zimachitika mwa munthu wathanzi yemwe samadwala atherosulinosis. Mosalephera, lipoprotein iyenera kukhala yabwinobwino. Ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yabwino sikuyenera kutsika poyerekeza, komanso koyipa - ochepera. Koma pakusintha pang'ono m'thupi, kupendekera kumeneku kumaphwanyidwa, ndipo cholesterol yoyipa imakula kukula. Gulu labwino la zinthu limasonkhana mu mtima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyambitsidwa kwa atherosulinosis. Izi lipoproteins pang'onopang'ono oxid.

Thupi lomwe limalimbikitsa oxidation limakopa maselo oyera amwazi, monocytes. Monocytes ndi maselo akulu kwambiri m'magazi omwe amateteza thupi la munthu. Atafika komwe amapita, amasintha kukhala ma macrophages. Ma macrophages ena amachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo ena amakhalabe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale maselo akuluakulu atsopano. Zinthu zonse zomwe zimatsalira m'matopowa zimaphatikizana ndikupanga cholesterol chimodzi.

Gawo lotsatira la chitukuko ndikupanga maselo osalala a minofu pamwamba pa zolembazo. Mitsempha yama fupa imadutsa hafu, pomwe akusokoneza magazi.

Ndi ziwiya ziti zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi atherosulinosis?

Mitsempha italekeka kwathunthu arteriosulinosis obliterans, yomwe ndiyoopsa kwambiri kwa thanzi la munthu.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, atherosulinosis imakhudza ziwiya.

Mukadwala, izi zimachitika. Matendawa amawagawa m'magulu angapo:

• preclinical
• kapangidwe
• zamankhwala zosadziwika
• kutchulidwa.

Pa gawo loyamba - matendawa samadzipangitsa kumverera, ndizosatheka kudziwa matenda ngakhale ndi mayeso a labotale.

Lachiwiri - mphamvu ya mitsempha imayamba kusintha, kayendedwe ka magazi kamasokonezeka, kagayidwe kazakudya kamasokonekera.

Mu chachitatu, ndizotheka kudziwa matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zofufuzira kapena kuwunika ma laboratori a kapid. The kupezeka kwa vuto la mtima kapena focal sclerosis ndikotheka.

Gawani zamomwe zamodzo pamalopo:

1. Cerebral atherosulinosis. Atherosulinosis imadziwika ndi kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa ubongo. Pakapita nthawi, kukumbukira kumakulirakulira chifukwa cha nthawi zomwe zakhalapo posachedwa. Nthawi zina mkhalidwe wamavuto umakulirakulira. Wodwala amakhala ndi mutu, tinnitus ndi phokoso kumutu. Momwe magazi amayendera m'mutu wamkati amakhala ndi vuto. Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la zotupa zamtunduwu ayenera kulembetsa ndi neurologist.
2. Impso. Renal ischemia, kulephera kwa impso, matenda oopsa. Chifukwa cha zikwangwani, phokoso nthawi zina limawonekera mu navel. Urinalysis ikuwonetsa kusakhazikika kwakanthawi, ntchito ya impso nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa. Kuti mudziwe komwe kuli malo omwe panali dambo ili, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito aortography. Pali gawo lowonjezera la ntchito ya renin m'magazi. Opaleshoni ndiyofunika kuthandizira.
3. Nyali. Nthawi zambiri, zamatsenga zimayamba kumapeto. Wodwala ali ndi zizindikiro: kuwonda, kupweteka poyenda, kupweteka kumbuyo kwa mwendo. Pafupifupi, pamakhala kuzizira m'miyendo, kufooka, ndipo mwina palibe kugunda kumbuyo kwa phazi. Amachepetsa kutentha kwa thupi. Mavuto otaya magazi amatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito tomography. Ngati ndi kotheka gwiritsani ntchito arteriography. M'magawo omaliza, zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba zimawonetsedwa.
4. Matenda a atherosulinosis ndi mitsempha ya mtima kapena mitima. Izi zotupa ndizovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, chifukwa magazi omwe amapita pamtima sangayende mwachizolowezi chifukwa chotupa m'mitsempha.Mapilala amakula magazi.
5. Aorta. Wodwala amakhala ndi chizungulire, kupweteka mutu, kuphwanya mawu komanso ntchito zowoneka, tinnitus. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kupita ku mitsempha ya carotid kumavulala, motero ubongo simalandira magazi ena aliwonse.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yama khosi kumatha kuchitika.

Kodi chifukwa chiyani ma arteriosulinosis amachitika?

Matenda a atherosulinosis amayamba chifukwa cha matenda omwe chithandizo chimayenera kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi akatswiri. Ngakhale lero, asayansi sangathe kukhazikitsa kukhazikika kwake.

Kukula kwa matendawa kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zoposa 25. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimachitika.

Pali zifukwa zazikulu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza chitukuko cha atherosulinosis mthupi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha yamagazi ndi:

• Kunenepa kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri. Sizoletsedwa kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri, zakudya zachangu, nyama yamafuta. M'pofunika kusunga zakudya. Muwerenge phindu la zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku, kuwerengetsa kilocalories. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudya nyama ya nkhuku, nyemba, masamba atsopano ndi zipatso, mchere ndi mavitamini.
• Khalidweli. Ngati achibale apafupi amadwala ndi atherosulinosis, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuyesedwa ndi dokotala kuti adutse mayeso ofunika. Matendawa amatha kuchitika zaka 30.
• Kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga, matenda amitsempha, matenda a ndulu ndi matenda osachiritsika. Chifukwa chakuti lipid ndi chakudya chosinthika chamafuta zimagwirizana kwambiri. Ngati kagayidwe kazakudya kali m'matenda a shuga, mafuta kagayidwe amasokonezedwa pawokha.
• Kupanda moyo wokangalika. Chifukwa choyamba chophatikizira mafuta ochulukirapo ndichokhazikika. Ndikofunika kusewera masewera. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kulembetsa mu malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi alangizi. Ndikofunika kuti munthu azikwera njinga kamodzi pa sabata.

Malinga ndi madotolo, osuta fodya komanso zidakwa amayenera kuganizira za thanzi lawo. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoyipazi kumathandizira kuchepetsedwa komanso kukulitsa kwa mitsempha yamagazi, yomwe imakhudza boma.

Popewa kupangika kwa matenda a zamitsempha, muyenera kupewa matenda pafupipafupi ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala.

Atherosclerosis: zomwe zimachitika, zomwe zili zowopsa, momwe mungachitire

Mpaka pano, matenda ofala kwambiri a mtima ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya atherosulinosis. Imeneyi ndi njira yakhazikikiratu yazaka, pamene ikupita patsogolo, kutuluka kwa mafuta a cholesterol kumaonekera m'makoma amitsempha. Pang'onopang'ono, kuwala kwawo kumakhala kochepa, komwe kumagwirizana ndi magazi. Izi zimabweretsa zovuta zazikulu (mwachitsanzo, kuwonongeka kwa ischemic organ, kusokonezeka kwa magazi, thrombosis). Amawerengedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa matenda oopsa. Kodi mitsempha ya mitsempha, zomwe zimayambitsa kupezeka, tanthauzo, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo chotsatira - pambuyo pake m'nkhaniyi.

Matendawa ndi ovuta kuwazindikira, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatha kuzindikira kale momwe magawo omaliza amakulira, pakabuka mavuto akulu ndi magazi kupita ku ubongo, miyendo ndi mtima. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa kufalikira, kufalikira ndi kununkha, komanso kuwonongeka kwa munthawi imodzi (magulu omwe amawononga magulu angapo a mitsempha) kumakhala kodziwika. Kuperewera kwa mankhwala othandiza nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa imfa. Nthawi zambiri matendawa amakhudza anthu achikulire, koma potengera momwe amakhalira, amakhala "achichepere"

Atherossteosis (code 170 ya mcb) nthawi zambiri imachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a kuthamanga kwa magazi, chifukwa chakufuka, kumwa kwambiri mowa, kusowa zakudya m'thupi. Koma chinthu chachikulu cha matendawa ndikuphwanya cholesterol metabolism, yomwe imathandizira kukulitsa msinkhu wake.

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa kupangitsa matenda:

• OkwatiranaZiwerengero zimawonetsa kuti abambo ndi omwe amatha kudwala kuposa azimayi. Malinga ndi ngoloyo, zizindikiro zoyambirira zimatha kuonekera patatha zaka makumi anayi.
• Kulemera. Kuchitika chifukwa cha zovuta zina matenda kapena kuperewera kwa m'thupi. Kunenepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa matenda a shuga, omwe ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda.
• Zosintha zokhudzana ndi zaka.
• Kudziletsa. Kupanga kwa chitukuko cha matenda nthawi zambiri kumayikidwa pamtundu wa majini chifukwa cha dyslipidemia.
• Endocrine matenda.
• Chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi kumaphatikizapo kuphatikiza zakudya zopanda mafuta ndi zamafuta. Zakudya zotengedwa ziyenera kuthana ndi mphamvu zolipirira thupi.
• Mowa wambiri ndi kusuta. Nicotine imawononga kwambiri pamitsempha yamagazi. Kuti mukhalebe ndi mtima wosagawanika, kupanikizika komanso kupewa thrombosis, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi vuto losokoneza bongo.

Ntchitoyi imapangidwa nthawi zambiri ndi moyo wongokhala (kugwira ntchito, kusowa mphamvu ngakhale pang'ono), zomwe zimapangitsa zochitika zopsinja. Kusapuma mokwanira, kugona, komanso kugwira ntchito mopambanitsa kungayambitsenso matendawa. Mwachidziwikire, Zizindikiro zimawonekera mwa azimayi ambiri omwe ali ndi nthawi ya kusamba.

Mitundu ya matenda

Gawoli limatengera kutengera kwa matendawa. Pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda. Ndi atherosulinosis ya mtima, mitsempha ya coronary imakhudzidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda a ischemic kapena infaration ya myocardial. Poyerekeza ndi momwe kukula kwa matendawa kumayambira, angina pectoris amatha kuonekera.

Ndi atherosclerosis ya ziwiya zaubongo, maselo amasiya kulandira mpweya wokwanira. Pamene minofu ikupita, imayenda, thanzi la m'maganizo limachepa kwambiri. Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za matendawa ndi matenda a sitiroko, omwe pambuyo pake amathanso kulemala.

Matenda a mitsempha yam'mimba yakumtunda komanso yotsika kwambiri imakhudza mitsempha ya subclavian, komanso femal, tibial ndi popliteal. Kuti muthane ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa oksijeni minofu ya manja kapena mapazi ndikupewa zotsatira zosagwedezeka, ndikofunikira kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala chanthawi yake ndikupita kuchipatala.

Matenda a mitsempha ya impso. Kuphwanya magazi mu genitourinary system kumabweretsa zovuta zambiri. Ntchito yeniyeni imakula kwambiri, matenda oopsa kapena a vasorenal angachitike. Potengera izi, pyelonephritis nthawi zambiri imayamba.

Ndi mawonekedwe aortic, msempha umakhudzidwa, womwe umayambitsa magazi kuti aphatikizidwe ndi ziwalo zomwe zimagwirizana nawo. Tsamba lakugonjetsedwa kwake limatsimikizira zizindikirazo.

Matenda a m'mimba aorta (mesenteric atherosulinosis) nthawi zambiri amapezeka motsutsana ndi maziko a kudya zakudya zosayenera, zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Kuperewera kwa chithandizo cha panthawi yake kumabweretsa kukula kwa gangrene m'madera akumunsi, omwe nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti wodwalayo afe. Komanso, munthu amatha kuwonongeka ndi ischemic ku impso, kulephera kwa impso, sitiroko.

Pang'onopang'ono zilembo zomwe zimapangidwa zimakantha ziwiya ndi mitsempha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke. Magawo a matendawa amatengera mawonekedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa makoma. Pankhani imeneyi, pali magawo atatu a matendawa:

1. Gawo loyamba. Amadziwika ndi mapangidwe a malo a lipid. Mphamvu ya mafuta imapezeka m'makoma ochepa. Mawonetseredwe azachipatala muzochitika zoterewa palibe. Malovu amatha kupanga mwachangu mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zingapo. Uku ndiye kupanikizika kwa magazi, matenda a shuga kapena mavuto okhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
2. Pa gawo lachiwiri, mitundu ya lipid imayamba kuchuluka ndipo pang'onopang'ono imayamba kupezeka m'maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi. Potengera momwe njirazi zimapangidwira, kuwonongeka kwa mafuta kumachitika, komanso kumera kwa minofu yolumikizika.Chikwangwani chopangidwa ndi ulusi chimapangidwa, chomwe chimachepetsa lumen ndi kusintha magazi.
3. Pa gawo lachitatu, pamakhala zovuta zazikulu, zizindikiro zotchulidwa za matendawo zimawonekera (kutengera dera lomwe lakhudzidwalo). Chiwopsezo cha kusokonezeka mu mawonekedwe owopsa chimakulitsidwa kwambiri, ma minyewa a minyewa nthawi zambiri amatsekedwa ndi thrombus kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimachepa.

Ili ndi matenda mwadongosolo omwe amafunikira chithandizo chokhazikika komanso moyo wina. Kufulumira ndi nthawi yakutukuka kumanenedweratu mosiyanasiyana. Mwa odwala ena, matendawa amakula msanga, koma nthawi zambiri kusintha matendawo kuchokera pagawo lina kupita kwina kumatenga zaka. Izi zimatengera mawonekedwe a kagayidwe, kuchuluka kwa chiopsezo, chiopsezo chobadwa nawo.

Mawonetsedwe azachipatala a matendawa ndi achindunji ndipo nthawi zambiri amadzipangitsa kuti azimva nthawi ndi nthawi (kutengera gawo ndi mawonekedwe a matendawa). Nthawi zambiri, matenda a mtima amakula m'mitsempha yama mtima, ubongo komanso m'munsi. Zizindikiro zonse za atherosulinosis zimagawika pawiri. Pamagawo olimbitsa thupi, palibe zizindikiro zooneka. Mawonekedwe omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa kayendedwe ka magazi ndi ziwalo zamagulu (pamene lumen imatseka ndi theka lopitilira), amadzadziwonetsa pambuyo pake.

Zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zikuwonetsa kuphwanya ntchito zaubongo motsutsana ndi chitukuko cha matenda ndi kuwonongeka kwa magawo akunja a mitsempha ya brachiocephalic:

• Mutu wamakhalidwe opanikizika kapena wophulika.
• Kuphwanya ntchito kwamawu (tinnitus imawoneka, nthawi zina ikulira).
• Zosintha pamlingo wama psycho. Nthawi zambiri munthu amasintha momwe akumvera, amakhala wosakwiya msanga, amakhala ndi nkhawa chifukwa cha nkhawa yosalephera.
• Odwala nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kuwodzera ndi kutopa kwambiri.
• Kusokonekera kwa mawu.
• Kuyanjana pakati.

Cerebral atherosulinosis imatha kuyambitsanso kusowa tulo kapena maloto olakwika. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zochitika muubongo, kukwiya chifukwa cha kuwonongeka m'magazi.

Mawonetsedwe azachipatala a sclerosis a mtima nthawi zambiri amadzipangitsa kumva ngati zopweteka m'dera la chifuwa. Zombo za coronary zikaonongeka, myocardium simalandira michere yokwanira ndi mpweya wabwino. Zizindikiro zimayamba pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, koma ndikofunikira kuzizindikira bwino, chifukwa zizindikirazo zingafanane ndikuwonetsa matenda ena. Fomuyi imadziwika ndi:

• ululu wamtundu wamtundu wina ndi kulimba, umatha kufalikira kumanzere, mkono wamanja, tsamba lamapewa,
• kupuma movutikira (kupweteketsa thupi chifukwa cha kupuma ndi mpweya wotupa),
• palpitations,
• angina akuukira.

Nthawi zina, anthu amadandaula chifukwa cha kufooka miyendo, kusanza mseru, kusanza, kuzizira, thukuta kwambiri, kupweteka kumbuyo, kulumikizana. Kuchulukitsa kwa zizindikiro kumadalira mkhalidwe ndi ntchito ya munthu (kukhalapo kwa zochitika zopsinjika, makamaka zopatsa thanzi, kudya kwa mankhwala ena).

Kwa matenda omwe amakhudza mitsempha yam'munsi komanso kumbuyo kwapamwamba, zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndi zikhalidwe:

• Khungu limakhala lotuwa kwambiri,
• kuzizira m'miyendo ndi mikono,
• kumva "goosebumps"
• momwe tsitsi likuyendera,
• mavuto ndi misomali ayamba
• kupweteka nthawi zambiri kumakwirira gawo la m'chiuno, miyendo, matako,
• Zilonda zam'mimba zam'mimba (zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a kusowa kwa oxygen ndi michere),
• kutupa

Gawo loyambirira la mapangidwe a zophuka sizimawoneka mwanjira iliyonse, chifukwa anthu samakonda kupita kwa dokotala. Chifukwa cha izi, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuyeserera koyeserera komanso kuyezetsa magazi kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa cholesterol.Izi ndizowona makamaka ngati m'moyo wa munthu pali zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo komanso zotsatirapo zake

Poyerekeza ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, mawonekedwe a minyewa ya m'magazi amayamba kuchepa, zomwe zimatsogolera minofu yolimbitsa thupi. Ndi kuwonongeka kwa machitidwe aubongo ndi kusowa kwa chithandizo chanthawi yake, munthu amatha kudwala matenda amisala, am'magazi.

Myocardial ischemia imayamba chifukwa cha kufalikira kwamphamvu kwa ziwalo zam'mimba komanso zotupa m'mimba mwake. Chotupa cha atherosulinotic ndi chowopsa ndi thrombosis, zotumphukira za m'mimba (zomwe zingayambitse kuperewera kwa impso kapena matenda opha ziwalo zam'mimba), chibayo cham'mimba, kudzicheka. Mphamvu ya makoma amitsempha yamagazi imachepa, yomwe imakwiyitsa maselo a minofu. Kuperewera kwa mankhwala kumathandizanso ku aortic aneurysm. Ndi zowonongeka pamtima, ascites imatha kupangidwanso. Nthawi zambiri, mitsempha ya varicose imalumikizana ndi matenda am'munsi.

Zizindikiro

Mu magawo apambuyo, kuzindikira kwa matenda a pathological si kovuta kwenikweni. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kupeza tsamba la lesion. Poyamba, madokotala amaphunzira mbiri ya wodwalayo (poganizira madandaulo ake komanso cholowa chake) ndikuyezetsa koyamba.

Mukamayesedwa, mzere wam'munsi komanso wotsika wodwala, momwe misomali, ntchito yamtima imawunika. M'pofunikanso kukhazikitsa mphamvu zakukula kwamatenda osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma genitourinary system.

Njira zodziwonera zasayansi zikuphatikiza kuperekera magazi kupenda kwazonse komanso zamankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti mudziwe cholesterol, creatinine, protein, atherogenicity index, triglycerides, komanso maphunziro a histological.

Njira zogwiritsira ntchito zida zachinyamata zimakhazikitsidwa pa mayeso a MRI, CT ndi X-ray. Kupusitsa komaliza kumaphatikizapo kuphunzira kwathunthu kwamatenda am'mimba, aorta. Angiography imaphatikizapo kuyang'anira kayendedwe ka magazi mwa kupereka njira yosiyanitsa. Kupenda mitsempha ya Ultrasound kumakupatsani mwayi wofufuza kuthamanga kwa magazi m'magawo osiyanasiyana amisewu yammbali.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zimadalira kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro, mawonekedwe ndi gawo la matendawa. Kufufuzanso kwina kumatsimikiziridwa ndi adokotala okha.

Chithandizo cha atherosulinosis chiyenera kukhala chokwanira. Mankhwala osankhidwa moyenera amaphatikizidwa ndi zakudya zapadera, moyo wabwino komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka ma micrate, omwe amawononga kwambiri mawonekedwe a ndale. Nthawi yomweyo, amayenera kutengedwa pokhapokha akutsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala, popeza amaletsedwa mwamphamvu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la chiwindi.

Kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala omwe amathandiza ntchito zam'mimba komanso mtima, sateen ndi mankhwala. Zimalepheretsa kupanga cholesterol m'thupi.

Mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi nicotinic acid amathanso kuikidwa. Amakhala ndi antispasmodic effect, amathandizira kupanga mafuta ena opindulitsa. Koma limaphatikizidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi, ndulu ya ndulu ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Zikatero, mankhwalawa amasinthidwa ndi ena.

Kupititsa patsogolo vutoli, ma supplements omwe amakhala ndi zakudya zambiri zamafuta a polyunsaturated, omwe ali ndi phindu pamapangidwe a thupi (omega-3, -6, -9), mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso mavitamini ovomerezeka, akhoza kuphatikizidwa.

Kodi atherosclerosis amathandizidwa bwanji ndi njira zina? Zotsatira zabwino zitha kuchitika osati mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala. Odwala amafunikira zakudya zapadera zochizira. Choyamba, muyenera kusiya chizolowezi chodya zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol yambiri.

Madokotala amalangiza kusiyanitsa zakudya zamasiku onse ndi masamba ndi zipatso zambiri.Awa ndi nyanja kale, mtedza, mphesa (kuletsa zowononga zakuma), nthangala, chivwende. Chakudya sichiyenera kukhala chamafuta, chokongoletsedwa kapena kusuta. Muyeneranso kupatula khofi, zakumwa zozizilitsa khofi, mowa. Amalimbikitsa kuti azikonda tiyi wobiriwira. Muyenera kudya pafupipafupi komanso pang'ono. Izi ndi mfundo zapafupipafupi, chifukwa chilichonse chosankha pachakudya chimasankhidwa chilichonse.

Kuthandizira opaleshoni

Ngati mankhwala ophatikiza ndi zakudya zoyenera alibe phindu, ndipo kupititsa patsogolo kwa matenda sikungalephereke, madokotala amalimbikitsa opaleshoni kwa odwala awo.

Ndi angioplasty, catheter yapadera imayikidwa mu chithokomiro chachikazi, chomwe chimasuntha m'mbali ndi kutumiza chithunzicho pogwiritsa ntchito kamera. Pambuyo pakufika pachilondacho, zoyenera zimatengedwa kuti akuwonjezere kapena kuyeretsa zombozo.

Njira zowonongeka zimaphatikizira njira yodutsa. Muli kapangidwe ka njira yatsopano yomwe imatsimikizira kuti magazi akuyenda bwino. Zotsatira zake, kugwira ntchito kwa thupi pang'onopang'ono kumabwereranso ku nthawi zonse. Ndi ma prosthetics a mtima, madera omwe akukhudzidwawa amasinthidwa ndi amisala kuchokera ku zida zapadera. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yopereka magazi imabwezeretseka.

Mankhwala ena

Njira ina yachithandizo ndi yofala ndipo ndiwonjezeranso ku njira yayikulu yochiritsira. Koma ndikofunikira kuzigwiritsa ntchito pokhapokha mwachilolezo chadokotala.

Pazifukwa zamankhwala, maluwa a hawthorn amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Pafupifupi magalamu asanu amathiridwa ndi madzi otentha otentha (pafupifupi galasi limodzi). Kenako, kwa kotala la ora, chinthucho chimalowetsedwa mumadzi osamba. Mutatha kusefa, chakumwa chomaziratu bwino chimatengedwa theka lagalasi mpaka katatu patsiku pafupifupi mphindi makumi atatu musanadye.

Udindo waukulu pakuthandizira mankhwalawa umasewera ndi madzi. Muyenera kudya pafupifupi malita awiri patsiku. Zimathandizira kuyeretsa ziwiya bwino bwino.

Kusakaniza kwa anyezi ndi uchi wadzitsimikizira. Madzi kuchokera pazoponderezedwa amaphatikizidwa ndi uchi ndipo amatenga supuni imodzi mpaka kasanu patsiku. Komanso anyezi amatha kuwaza bwino komanso kuwaza ndi shuga. Tengani katatu patsiku kwa mwezi umodzi. Chotsatira, muyenera kupuma.

Imathetsa ululu ndipo imachepetsa tiyi ya ndimu ya mandimu, yomwe ingagulidwe yokonzeka yopangidwa kapena kukonzedwa palokha. Chakumwa chake chimakhala ndi phindu pa ntchito yaubongo ndipo chimachotsetsa mutu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito walnuts ndi uchi ndikulimbikitsidwa. Mulingo woyenera pafupifupi magalamu zana patsiku. Timadziti tosenda kumene kuchokera ku mbatata, kaloti, beets, maungu kapena kabichi timavomerezedwanso. Malinga ndi zizindikiro, njirayi ilibe zotsutsana. Malinga ndi lingaliro la dokotala, mutha kumwa mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse (mpaka magalasi awiri).

Pali zokonzekera zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zitsamba zachilengedwe zomwe zimathandizira thupi ndipo zimathandizira kuthandizira. Koma musanayambe maphunzirowa, ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala, kuti mupewe zotsutsana ndi mkangano wamankhwala.

Njira zina

Amaphatikizaponso urinotherapy, kusala kudya kwamankhwala. Posachedwa, machitidwe ochizira matendawa ndi leeches (hirudotherapy) afala. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yama bongo ndi m'munsi. Maphunzirowa amatenga magawo 7 mpaka khumi. Kupumula pakati pa aliyense mpaka masiku anayi. Amathandizira kuchepetsa cholesterol, imathandizira magazi, komanso kubwezeretsa ma capillaries.

Chiwerengero cha magawo chimatsimikiziridwa ndi adokotala okha. Ubongo ukawonongeka, leeches zachipatala zimakhala kumbuyo kwa auricles, pafupi kwambiri ndi khosi. Ndi atherosulinosis ya m'munsi malekezero, iwo amatsalira m'chigawo cha sacrum, m'munsi kumbuyo, maondo, fossae wa popliteal.

Njira zopewera

Njira zazikulu ndikutsatira malamulo a moyo wathanzi. Kuchotsa zizolowezi zoipa (mankhwala osokoneza bongo a nikotini, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa), masewera olimbitsa thupi olimbitsa thupi, kudya mokwanira.

M'pofunikanso kuyang'anitsitsa kulemera kwanu, chifukwa kunenepa kwambiri kumakhudza mitsempha ya magazi ndipo ndi chiopsezo chomwe chikuwonetsa kuchitika kwa atherosclerosis. Kupewa kumaphatikizapo mayeso am kuchipatala pafupipafupi, kuphatikiza magazi omwe amapereka kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'thupi.

Ndi mitundu yapamwamba ya mtima ndi kusapezeka kwa chithandizo chokwanira, zotsatira zoyipa ndizosapeweka. Zambiri zimatengera kuyesayesa kwa wodwalayo, momwe amakhalira, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala ndi malangizo onse a dokotala. Kuti mudziphunzitse nokha, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwerenge zowerengera mabuku apadera (mwachitsanzo, zolemba za Dr. L.A. Myasnikov pa chithandizo cha atherosulinosis).

Kuti mukwaniritse izi, ndikuti kuchiritsa kwathunthu matendawa kumapeto kwake, ndizosatheka. Koma kuyimitsa njira ya pathological, kuchepetsa zovuta zake, kuchotsa zovuta komanso kusintha kwambiri moyo kumakhala kotheka. Zikatero, kudalirika kumakhala kwabwinopo.

Zambiri Zomwe Zili >> >> Atherosulinosis - malo omwe amapezeka mafuta m'thupi

Atherosulinosis imatha kuthana ndi mitsempha yayikulu yamagawo akuluakulu ndi apakati, ndipo izi kapena kuti mitsempha siyikhudzidwa kwathunthu, koma mosiyana ndi foci.
Mu atherossteosis, pali malo omwe amakhudzidwa koyamba, makamaka malo a ma bends ndi nthambi zamitsempha. Malo omwe ma cholesterol oyipa amayikidwapo, ndipo komwe zolembera zimapangidwa nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zofunikira nthawi zonse, ndizofunikira popereka magazi ku chinthu china chofunikira. Mitsempha ya ubongo, mitsempha ya m'mimba, aorta ndi nthambi zake zomwe zimapereka magazi ku ziwalo zam'mimba, impso, ziwalo za m'chiuno ndi miyendo ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi atherosclerosis.

Ngati atherosulinosis zimakhudza mitsempha ya mtima yomwe imapatsa mtima ndi magazi, matenda a mtima. Ngati mitsempha ya ubongo ikhudzidwa, sitiroko limatheka. Kuwonetsera atherosulinosis aimpso minyewa - ochepa matenda oopsa. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuphatikiza mafupa a coronary, aortic, ubongo, aimpso atherosulinosis zotupa za m'miyendo.

Koma bwanji nthawi zina atherosulinosis zimakhudza mitsempha ya magazi muubongo, komanso mwa ena - mtima? Mankhwala, pali zinthu monga kukaniza kwakanthawi, ndiye kuti, malo otsutsa pang'ono, chidendene cha Achilles cha thupi la munthu. Analandira kuchokera kwa makolo, agogo, aliyense ali nazo. Imodzi ili ndi mitsempha ya coronary, ina ili ndi ziwalo zotumphukira za miyendo, ndipo yachitatu imakhala ndi mitsempha yaimpso. Kutengera komwe ndendende za atheroscrotic zimapezeka mu mtima, mawonekedwe ena am matendawa amapangidwa.

Mitsempha yama coronary
Nthawi zambiri atherosulinosis zimakhudza coronary, kapena coronary, mitsempha. Kuphatikiza apo, zolembapo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovulaza. Choyamba, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamagulu angapo: milidi yatsopano ya lipid imayikidwa pamwamba pa chimodzi. Ndipo kudzikundikira kwa zinyalala kotereku kumatha kutchinjiriza mopepuka mphamvu za mitsempha ya m'mimba. Kachiwiri, ndi thrombogenic: wokonda zilonda zam'mimba komanso mapangidwe magazi.

Popeza mitsempha ya coronary imapereka magazi kwa minofu ya mtima, ndimomwe imakhala ndi vuto la atherosclerosis. Matenda a mtima amayamba, ndiye kuti, minofu ya mtima, osalandira mpweya wokwanira ndi michere, ndikuyamba kufa ndi njala. Matenda a mtima a coronary amatenga matenda osiyanasiyana: angina pectoris, cardiosclerosis, ochepa necrosis, myocardial infarction.

Angina pectoris, kapena angina pectoris, amadzipangitsa yekha kumva, kupinikiza, kupweteka kupweteka kumbuyo kwa sternum, yomwe ndi paroxysmal mwachilengedwe. Monga lamulo, amaperekera kumapewa akumanzere, kumanzere, theka lamanzere la nkhope ndi khosi. Nthawi zambiri - kumanja, kawirikawiri - m'mano, m'makutu, lilime. Pali kupweteka nthawi zonse chifukwa cha zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, kuyenda mwachangu mumsewu, pakukwera, ndikusiya chipinda chofunda kuzizira, ndikulimbitsa thupi mwadzidzidzi, motsogozedwa ndi chisangalalo komanso kusokonezeka kwamanjenje. Ululu umachepa pang'onopang'ono mutangotenga nitroglycerin, ma nitrate ena ndi vasodilators.

Matenda a mtima amayamba chifukwa cha ischemia yayitali chifukwa chosakwanira magazi. Maselo ogwira ntchito a minofu yamtima amafa ndipo m'malo mwake amang'ambika, minyewa yolumikizana, osagwirizana. Kuchokera pamenepa, ntchito ya pampu yamtima ikamakulirakulira, kugawa kwamphamvu yamagetsi m'mphepete mwa myocardium kumasokonekera.

Nthawi zambiri ndimtima wamtima, ma zida a valavuto amakumana ndi mavuto: mavenda saphimba zotseguka pakati pa madipatimenti a mtima mwamphamvu, kapena kufupikitsa kutuluka kwa mtima kupita ku msempha. Zimatithandizanso kuti kufooketsa ntchito ya kupopa kwa myocardium komanso kusakwanira kwa magazi. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu komanso zowonekera kwambiri za mtima ndi kufupika. Poyamba pokhapokha pogwira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi, kusuntha, kenako ndikudya, kenako kupumula, usiku.

Omwe sanasinthe a atherosulinosis amalumikizana ndi kupuma movutikira - zosokoneza zina zazosiyanasiyana (arrhythmias): tachycardia, extrasystole, atrose fibrillation. Wodwala amatha kumva kuti ndi wofooka, nthawi zina amayamba kuziziritsa, kutupira kumawonekera.
Myocardial infarction ndiye chinthu chowopsa kwambiri cha matenda a mtima. Choyambitsa vuto lalikulu la mtima nthawi zambiri chimatumizidwa ndi ma cholesterol akuluakulu amitundu yambiri omwe amatuluka ndikuwunika kwa chotengera ndikuchiphimba. Mulu-wowoneka ngati zamkati womira m'madziwo, komanso mphamvu ya m'mitsempha yama coronary, imathanso kukhala "cork".

Woyamba kufotokozera kuti myocardial infarction ndi ululu. Mwa kutukula, zimatha kukhala zofanana ndi angina pectoris, koma zimasiyana pakutalika (maola m'malo mwa mphindi) ndi kukula. Sizotheka kuichotsa ndi nitroglycerin kapena nitrate ena.
Nthawi zina kulowetsedwa kwa myocardial kumayendetsedwa ndi kupuma kwamtundu wa mtima: kulephera kwa mtima kumakula kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kufupika kwamkati kumawonjezeka.

Nthawi zambiri kuyambika kwa vuto la mtima kumayendera limodzi ndi zochitika zamitsempha: chizungulire chachikulu, kupweteka mutu, kusanza, kukomoka. Matenda amtundu wa mtima ofanana ndi stroke.
Myocardial infaration imatha kusinthidwa ngati chifuwa cham'mimba, kapamba yam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba, ndi hepatic colic. Milandu imeneyi, amakhala ndi ululu wam'mimba, amatulutsa, nthawi zina amasanza, kusanza.

Zakudya za matenda am'matumbo

Kuleza mtima ndi matenda amiseche ndipo makamaka kunenepa kwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kubwezeretsa zakudya zanu pachakudya chopanda mafuta, kuphatikiza mafuta azakudya zambiri omwe ali ndi "cholesterol yabwino", shuga yochepa komanso zakudya zamafuta ambiri (makamaka digestible), masamba ambiri okhala ndi mavitamini E, C, B6, B12. Akapezeka matenda a arteriosulinosis zakudya Imaletsa kudya zakudya zotsatirazi:

• mafuta msuzi nyama
• nyama zamafuta ndi nsomba,
• ubongo
• chiwindi
• impso
• caviar
• nkhumba
• ng'ombe ndi mutton mafuta
• zonona
• ayisikilimu,
• zonona, kuphika,
• zokometsera, mchere komanso mafuta,
• chokoleti cha cocoa
• mitundu yonse ya zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

Kudya zochulukirapo kuti mupewe matenda a atherosulinosis, nsomba zam'madzi, ndi nsomba zamafuta ochepa. Stroko ndiyosavuta kupewa kuposa kuchiza!

Kupewa matenda a arteriosulinosis

Kupewa kwa atherosulinosis yaubongo, kumafuna kusintha kwakukulu pamachitidwe ambiri, osangolekeredwa pang'ono. Sikokwanira kungokhala zakudya antisulinotic .

Choyamba, muyenera kusuntha kwambiri, ndipo chachiwiri, kusintha kulemera kwanu, ndikusintha nyama yamafuta ndi yotsalira, kuchepetsa mafuta onse.

Chachitatu, idyani zipatso zambiri ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ndi zakudya monga chimanga zothandiza kwambiri kupewa matenda a m'matumbo am'mutu. Idyani mkate wochepa ndi shuga.

Muyenera kusuntha kwambiri, kuyenda, kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa, komanso kupewa malingaliro oyipa ngati zingatheke. Ndipo muyenera kuyamba ndi kulemera kwa kulemera ndi kusintha kwa chakudya chomwe chimatchedwa anti-sclerotic. Amapereka lingaliro, monga ndanenera, kukana zakudya zokhala ndi cholesterol. M'malo mwake ndi margarine, masamba a masamba, zoyera, dzira, mkaka wosenda, nyama yamafuta ochepa, nkhuku, nsomba. Pa gawo lachiwiri, kumwa zamasamba, nyemba, zipatso ndi mbewu monga chimanga kumachulukitsidwa ndipo anthu amamwa mitundu yambiri ya nyama ndi tchizi amachepetsa. Kuchepetsa kwa kalori kumatheka chifukwa chochepetsa mkate ndi shuga. Chakudya chimaphikidwa makamaka chophika. Muyenera kudya kanayi pa tsiku, koma pang'onopang'ono. Chakudya chomaliza sichinathe maola awiri asanagone.

Atherosulinosis ya mitsempha ya chithokomiro - matenda oopsa

Atherosulinosis ya mitsempha ya m'magazi ndi matenda osakhazikika a m'mitsempha yamaubongo, omwe amadziwonetsa mu mawonekedwe a cholesterol pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi ndikuwonjezereka kwa minyewa yolumikizira (sclerosis), yomwe imayambitsa kuchepetsedwa kwa kuwala kwa mitsempha yaubongo, ndikutsata kufalikira kwa magazi, komwe kumatha kutsitsa magazi.

Mlingo wa cholesterol, ndi momwe ungachepetse cholesterol.

Pofika zaka makumi atatu, cholesterol mawanga, madipoziti, mitsempha imayamba kuwoneka m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi mthupi. Pakupita kwa zaka, "byak" iyi imasandulika kukhala cholesterol plaque, wandiweyani komanso wandiweyani, kutsekereza kuwala kwa mtsempha wamagazi. Atherosulinosis ya chotengera cha mu ubongo kapena mitsempha ya khomo pachifuwa, kumabweretsa, monga momwe mumamvera kale, kuphwanya, makamaka kuthira kwa magazi ku ubongo.

Kuyika kwa magazi kuubongo kumazindikiridwa ndi machitidwe ovuta kwambiri amitsempha yamagazi. Mitsempha 4 ikuluikulu yamkati imatuluka m'magazi a ubongo. Awa ndi ma carotid awiri ndi mitsempha iwiri ya vertebral. Kuphatikiza pa ziwiya za kunja, atherosulinosis imatha kupanga ziwiya zamkati mwa ubongo, zomwe mwachilengedwe zimadyetsa minyewa yaubongo. Arteriosclerosis ya zotengera izi kumabweretsa kugunda kwa ubongo (intracerebral hemorrhage).

Atherosulinosis ya muubongo imatengera zizindikiro za matendawa

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a m'matumbo amtundu wa cell amatha kukhala zochitika za "ischemic attack" kutaya chidwi, kuchepa kwa theka la thupi, kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe, komanso:

1. kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira
2. kuchepa kwa malingaliro,
3. kuchepa kwa chidwi,
4. mutu
5. chizungulire

Zizindikiro izi za ubongo wa arteriosulinosis, komabe, ndizochepa kwakanthawi ndipo zimatha patapita kanthawi.

Zizindikiro za atherosulinosis ya mitsempha ya muubongo (kusokonezeka kwakanthawi m'magazi kupita ku ubongo) zitha kukhala zizindikilo zakuthana ndi kukokana (kukhumudwa), kusokonezeka kwa mawu kapena kufooka kwakanthawi komwe kumachitika pamutu ngati matalala pamutu. Izi zimapangira fanizo ndi kompyuta, yomwe imamangidwa m'chifanizo cha munthu, ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu kapena mavuto pa bolodi la RAM, kompyuta imatha kuchepa ndipo nthawi zambiri imawuma.

Zowopsa zake ndi sitiroko (chotupa cha m'mimba) chotuluka chifukwa cha kuphipha kapena kupindika kwa mtsempha wamagazi womwe umapereka magazi ku ubongo. Kugwidwa kumayambitsa kudwala kwa nthawi yayitali komanso matenda ake.

Komanso myocardial infaration , vuto la ubongo likhoza kukhala loopsa kwambiri, lomwe nthawi zambiri limadzetsa kulumala kwa wodwala.

Kodi mitsempha ya m'matumbo ndi chiani? Chithandizo, Zizindikiro ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

Atherosulinosis ya ziwiya zaubongo ndi matenda osachiritsika. yodziwika ndi mapangidwe a ziwongo m'matumbo, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa lipid metabolism. Ndi matendawa, kuchepa kwa mitsempha ya ziwalo kumachitika, komwe kumapangitsa kuti magazi asokonekere kupita ku ubongo ndikusowa kwa zakudya za chiwalo chofunikira kwambiri.

Kwambiri okalamba amadwala atherosclerosis zaka zopitilira 60, koma milandu ya matendawa imapezeka mwa anthu azaka zapakati komanso zochepa.

Kukula kwamatenda oyamba kumeneku chifukwa chakuti poyamba munthu samazindikira chilichonse chapadera: kwenikweni amangonena zodandaula za kununkhira kwapang'onopang'ono ndi chizungulire.

Atherosclerosis ndi owopsa ndi chifukwa cha kukula kwake, chifukwa ngati simukugwira ntchito munthawi yake, ndiye kuti pamakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda opha ziwopsezo, komanso matendawa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a dementia. Chiritsani atherosulinosis yomwe imakhudza mitsempha yamatumbo. zosatheka, koma kuchedwetsa kukula kwake ndikuchepetsa kuopsa kwa zizindikiro - kuposa zenizeni.

Chithandizo cha matenda a mtima

Chofunika kwambiri pa matenda a atherosulinosis ndi kuchotsedwa kwa zinthu zoopsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti wodwalayo ayenera kusintha kadyedwe ndi moyo wake. Ponena za mankhwala. ndiye amathandizidwa ndi adotolo malinga ndi mankhwalawa. Malinga ndi zikuwonetsa, kuthandizira opaleshoni kungachitike.

Atherosulinosis ya ziwiya zaubongo nthawi zambiri oyambitsidwa ndi cholesterol yambiri. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo sayenera kupatula pa zakudya zonse zomwe zimapezeka m'zakudya zambiri - mafuta anyama, nyama yamafuta, batala, mazira a mazira, ndi zina zambiri.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwamafuta ambiri, komwe kumatha kupezeka kuchokera ku chimanga ndi masamba osaphika, kukuwonetsedwa.

Moyo wathanzi Zimathandizira kutsitsimutsa zizindikiro za atherosulinosis ndikuwongolera kutuluka kwa mpweya kumka mu ubongo. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti muchepetse nthawi yambiri kunja, perekani fodya, pewani kupsinjika ndikukonzekera ntchito yabwino komanso kupumula. Mankhwalawa matenda oopsa ndi matenda a kukondanso ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pochizira matenda a atherosulinosis.

Mankhwala Matendawa amaphatikizapo mankhwala omwe amachotsa zifukwa zingapo za atherosulinosis ndipo amathandizira "kuletsa" kufalikira kwa ziwongo m'mitsempha muubongo, kupatsirana kwa kayendedwe ka magazi ndi kayendedwe ka mitsempha:

• Statins (mertonil, atoris, zosor, lypimar) - Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi m'magazi ndi kuletsa kukula kwa zolembedwa za atherosrance. Mankhwalawa amatengedwa kamodzi pa tsiku kwa miyezi iwiri ndi itatu. Amakhala ndi zoyipa zambiri chifukwa chake amawonetsedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kuwonongeka kwakatundu kwa ziwiya zaubongo.
• Ma antiplatelet othandizira (cardiomagnyl, thrombo bulu) - kuchepetsa magazi ndikutchingira magazi.
• Otsatira a bile acid - amaimira ma ion-exchange resins polumikizana ndi mafuta achilengedwe mthupi, chifukwa chomwe cholesterol sichilowa m'magazi,
• Ming'alu (fenofibrate) - kuchepetsa triglycerides. Kuvomerezedwa kwawo kuli Inde, kuyang'aniridwa ndi azachipatala pafupipafupi.
• Nicotinic acid ndi zotumphukira - kutsitsa kuchuluka kwathunthu kwama cholesterol ndi triglycerides ndikuwonjezera lipoproteins wandiweyani, omwe ndi othandiza thupi.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa magazi. Amayenera kumwedwa tsiku ndi tsiku, chifukwa motsutsana ndi kuzungulira kwa kuthamanga kwa "kulumpha" mwa odwala omwe ali ndi atherosclerosis, mwayi wokhala ndi stroko komanso kulumala kwamtsogolo kumawonjezeka nthawi zambiri.
• Ma antidepressants komanso sedative (ngati kuli kotheka) - ngati wodwalayo ali ndi ndulu komanso nkhawa.

Opaleshoni Ndi gawo lofunikira la mankhwalawa matenda amisempha, ngati pali chiopsezo chotchingira mitsempha yofunika.

Njira yachikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito imatchedwa endorectomy. Khungu limapangika pakhungu kuti mwayi wofika kuchiwiya chomwe chakhudzidwacho chikutsegulidwa, ndipo magaziwo amatsekedwa pamalo omwe mukufuna. Khoma la chotengera limadulidwa ndipo zolembera zowononga moyo zimachotsedwa. Chotetezacho chimasungunuka ndikuwonjezeranso nthawi zina zimakhala zina.

Njira ya Endoscopic yogwira ntchito kwambiri zamakono ndipo sizisiya mabala. Pulogalamu yapadera, ya endoscope imayikidwa mu chotengera chachikulu, kenako ndikuyang'aniridwa imafikira yomwe imatsalira. Fungo limayikidwa pamenepo kuti liwulitse lumen ndi kulola magazi kuti azizungulira momasuka.

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za atherosulinosis

Mawonekedwe amtundu wa atherosulinosis samachitika nthawi imodzi ndipo amakula pang'onopang'ono. Matendawa akamakula, zizindikiro zatsopano zimawonjezeredwa kuti zimayipa kwambiri moyo wa wodwalayo ndi bwalo wake wamkati. Ndiye, kodi mawonetseredwe akunja a atherosulinosis ndi ati?

• kupweteka kwamitundumitundu komanso kutalika kosiyanasiyana,
• tinnitus, kumva kwakanthawi kwamva, chizungulire,
• nkhawa kwambiri, mantha ndi kukayikira,
• kutopa ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito,
• kulumikizidwa kosasunthika kwa kayendedwe komanso kuchepa kwawo,
• samangokhala mawu osamveka komanso kulephera kupanga bwino malingaliro,
• kuphwanya kwa kumeza
• Kuchulukitsa kwa zoyipa zamakhalidwe, nthawi zina mpaka kufika poti sizingatheke.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda amiseche ndi ziti?

Zosintha muumoyo wamunthu wokhala ndi atherosclerosis koyambirira nthawi zambiri amaziwonekera kwa iye yekha, kenako ndi ena. Gawo loyamba limadziwika ndi kufooka.. kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira ndi kuvuta kusintha kwa mitundu yamtundu wina kupita kwina. Kusintha kwakukuru m'makhalidwe sikunawonedwebe, koma kusinthasintha kwa zochitika kumachitika nthawi zambiri.

Gawo lachiwiri laikidwa chizindikiro nkhanza, kupsa mtima, kuvuta popanda chifukwa. Munthu nthawi zambiri amakhala mumkhalidwe woipa, safuna kugwira ntchito kapena kusangalala.

Nthawi zina, m'malo mwake mumakhala chisangalalo. Kukayikira komanso kusakhulupilira zimawonjezeredwa pazizindikiro zonse. Wodwalayo amafufuza kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi khansa kapena nthenda ina yakupha, amapita kwa madotolo ndikukhumudwa ngati sanapeze chilichonse.

Werengani za kuchiza pancreatic kutupa. Kodi zizindikiro za matenda ndi ziti?

Malangizo abwino, pano muphunzira za chithandizo cha demodicosis mwa anthu.

Amayambanso kukayikira achibale komanso anansi a "chiwembu" cholimbana naye, amalepheretsa nkhani zodabwitsa. Kulankhula kwa munthu wodwala atherosclerosis kumakhala kosadziwika, kunjenjemera kwa malekezero ndi zovuta pakudya kumawonedwa.

Chithandizo cha atherosulinosis chimabweretsa zotsatira zabwino komanso iyimitsa kukula kwa mapepala m'matumba. ngati ayambika mu gawo loyamba kapena lachiwiri. Gawo lotsiriza, mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri limakhala lopanda chiyembekezo ndipo matendawo sakhala bwino.