Kukhazikika kwa insulin m'magazi mwa amuna, zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kupatuka ndi njira zowongolera kuchuluka kwa timadzi tambiri

Insulin ndi timadzi tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayendetsa minyewa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito shuga. Thupi limafunikira kapangidwe ka polypeptide iyi kuzungulira koloko. Kutulutsa kwake kumadalira mkhalidwe wa kapamba ndi kuthekera kwake pakupanga mahomoni.

Mwa amuna okhwima, insulin yovomerezeka m'magazi iyenera kukhala 3-26 mked / ml. Kwa akulu akulu, chiwerengerochi chimakwera pang'ono. Kupatuka kumawonedwa ngati zotsatira pansipa, komanso pamwambapa. Kuphwanya milingo ya insulin mwa amuna ndi chizindikiro chowopsa chomwe chimafuna kukonzedwa. Insulin yayikulu kapena yotsika imawonetsa kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa metabolic ndi kukhalapo kwa zinthu zamagulu.

Ntchito za Hormone

Insulin idapezeka mu 1869 ndi P. Langerhans. Kuphunzira pansi pa ma microscope a ma pancreatic cell, adawulula masango (ma islets) m'matipi ake omwe amapanga chinthu chapadera - insulin (kutanthauza kuti "insula" amatanthauza chilumba). Hi ndi polypeptide yomwe ili ndi magawo 51 amino acid. Porcine insulin ili pafupi kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa munthu. Amasiyana mu ulalo umodzi wokha wa amino acid.

Insulin imakhudza thupi lathunthu. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikusunga shuga m'magazi. Horm imatenga nawo kagayidwe kazakudya, koma mosasamala imatha kuonedwa ngati yotenga nawo mbali m'zinthu zonse za metabolic.

Kwambiri, minofu minofu ndi mafuta minofu zimadalira insulin mu thupi la munthu. Pazonse, amapanga 2/3 ya kuchuluka kwa thupi lonse, omwe ali ndi vuto la kupuma, ntchito zamagalimoto, ndi magazi. Minofu ndi ma adipose zimakhala zimasunga mphamvu zomwe zimalandira m'maselo awo.

Insulin yomwe ili m'thupi laimuna ndiyo imayambitsa njira zofunika kwambiri:

imayendetsa chitukuko ndi kukonzanso kwa minofu minofu,
imathandizira ntchito ya michere yomwe imayang'anira kapangidwe ka glycogen,
Amayamwa ndi maselo a chakudya, potaziyamu, amino acid.

Kodi IGF-1 ndi chiani ndi gawo la gawo lofanana ndi kukula kwa insulin mthupi la munthu? Tili ndi yankho!

Werengani momwe mungayang'anire chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndi thermometer nokha kunyumba adilesi iyi.

Mulingo wa insulin mwa amuna

Mafuta a insulin omwe amatengedwa mwachitsanzo ayenera kumwedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Masana, mulingo wa mahomoni amatha kusiyanasiyana pang'ono pazifukwa zachilengedwe ndipo samatengedwa ngati matenda.

Kutengera zaka za mwamunayo, insulin yomwe ili mu madzi am'magazi iyenera kukhala (mkED / l):

anyamata ochepera zaka 14 - 3-20,
Zaka 14-25 - 6-25,
woposa zaka 25 - 3-25,
kuyambira wazaka 60 - 3-35.

Ana ndi achinyamata safuna ndalama zowonjezera, chifukwa chake, kupanga kwawo kwa insulini kumachepera pang'ono poyerekeza ndi akulu. Kupsinjika kwamisempha ya insulin kumachitika pa nthawi yakutha. Mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 60, kupanga mahomoni kumawonjezeka chifukwa chofunikira mphamvu chifukwa chakutha kwa ntchito zambiri za thupi.

Malamulo a Kutumiza Katswiri

Kuti muwonetsetse bwino za zenizeni, kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin kuyenera kuchitika molingana ndi malamulo ena. Mtundu wa magazi uyenera kutengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Pafupifupi maola 12 musanawunike, siyani kudya. Kwa masiku awiri, siyani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupatula kusokonezedwa mtima. M'mawa wa tsiku la kusanthula, simungathe kumwa tiyi, khofi. Mutha kumwa madzi opanda mpweya. Kwa masiku angapo pachakudya muyenera kupatula mafuta, okoma, kusiya mowa.

Magazi a insulin amatengedwa kuchokera pachala, magazi a venous omwe nthawi zambiri sawagwiritsa ntchito popenda.

Mlozera wa insulin

Kuyeza kumeneku kumalimbikitsidwa kwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 40, makamaka iwo omwe ali ndi chibadwa chambiri chokhudza kunenepa kwambiri pamimba.

Madzulo a kusanthula, kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi kwamalingaliro kuyenera kupatula. Kukana kwa insulini ndikuphwanya mayankho azinthu zathupi kuti insulin ilowe mthupi (mkati kapena pakupanga). Chomwe chimayesedwa ndikuti bambo amapatsidwa insulin pamimba yopanda kanthu (0,1 IU / kg ya kulemera kwa thupi). Pambuyo pake, masekondi 60 aliwonse, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatsimikiziridwa kwa mphindi 15. Njira inanso yoyezera (yayitali) imatha kukhala - mphindi 10 zilizonse kwa ola limodzi.

Mitengo yowonjezereka

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulin iwonjezeke m'magazi imatha kukhala:

kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri,
kupsinjika kwanthawi zonse
mtundu 2 shuga
Cushing's syndrome
dystrophic myotonia,
kukhalapo kwa insulinomas - chotupa mu kapamba yemwe amapanga insulini palokha,
kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo la hypothalamic-pituitary.

Kukula kwakukulu kwa insulini, kutsika kwa shuga ndi kuperewera kwamaselo kumachitika, zomwe zimawopseza bambo kuti apangidwe ndi hypoglycemia.

Zitha kuchitika:

miyendo yanjenjemera
thukuta kwambiri
kumva kwamphamvu njala
kukomoka mtima,
nseru
kukomoka.

Momwe mungachepetse cortisol mwa amuna omwe ali ndi milingo yayikulu yotsutsana ndi kupsinjika? Tili ndi yankho!

Ma horoni a posterior pituitary gland ndi udindo wa owongolera ofunikira amthupi adalembedwa patsamba lino.

Tsatirani ulalo wa HTTP://vse-o-gormonah.com/vneshnaja-sekretsija/grudnye/luchevaja-terapja-pri-rake.html ndipo mudziwe za zotulukapo ndi zovuta za mankhwala a radiation pochiza khansa ya m'mawere.

Udindo wa insulin m'mwazi

Insulin ndi mtundu wa mahomoni omwe amalimbikitsa kusamutsa michere mthupi ndipo amapangidwa ndi kapamba.

Insulin yamagazi imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mitu ikuluikulu ndi:

kutumiza ndi kuthandizira mayamwidwe a shuga ndi minyewa yama cell ndi mafuta,
kukhazikitsa njira yopanga glucogen mu chiwindi,
kuwongolera momwe mapuloteni amapangira, chifukwa amayamba kuwola pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwawo ndi maselo amafuta,
kutsegula kwa shuga kagayidwe,
kuletsa ntchito zamapuloteni omwe amawononga mafuta ndi glycogen,
mayendedwe a potaziyamu, magnesium, calcium ndi zinthu zina zofunikira.

Kuchita ntchito zake, insulin imatenga nawo mbali iliyonse ya metabolic. Zotsatira zake, ndiye mahormone akuluakulu omwe zimapangitsa kuti chakudya chamagulu azikhala mthupi la munthu.

Ndiye chifukwa chake, kuphwanya kulikonse mwa kuchuluka kwa insulini kumapangitsa kuti mukhale osalemerera kapena musatope kwambiri. Zizindikiro zotere zimafunikira kukakamiza munthu kuti awonane ndi dokotala kuti adziwe ngati insulini yake ili yabwinobwino.

Mulingo wamba wa insulin

Miyezo ya insulin ya magazi imawonetsa zovuta za metabolic. Amayeza m'miyeso yaying'ono pa lita imodzi (mced / l).

Kuchuluka kwa mahomoniwa sikumakhala kosasintha ndipo kumasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zaka zomwe akhala ndikuwunika.

Mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwewo amasintha kwambiri ngati kuwunika kwachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu kapena mutatha kudya. Koma mulimonsemo, zizindikiro sizikhala pamwambapa kapena pansi pa mfundo zina.

Kuzindikira kwa shuga - ingomwani tsiku lililonse.

Mitengo yabwinobwino mwa akazi

Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi mwa akazi umatengera zaka. Komanso, kutenga pakati kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amapangidwa. Malire a mfundo zovomerezeka amaperekedwa patebulo:

Zaka 25-50	Zaka 50 ndi okulirapo	Pa nthawi yoyembekezera
3 – 25	6 – 35	6 – 27

Zikuwoneka kuti chizolowezi cha insulin m'magazi a akazi chimawonjezeka ndi zaka, komanso nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthawi imeneyi thupi limafunikira mphamvu yayikulu, yomwe imaphatikizira kuchuluka kwa mahomoni.

Kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi mwa amuna kumadaliranso zaka zomwe adakhala.Ngati titenga zomwe zimachitika pachaka, ndiye kuti chiwerengero chovomerezeka cha mahomoni chizioneka motere:

Zaka 25-50	Zaka 50 ndi okulirapo
3 – 25	6 – 35

Poyerekeza zisonyezo za abambo ndi amayi, zikuwonekeratu kuti ndi zofanana ndikuwonjezereka pofika zaka zapenshoni.

Mlingo wa insulin mwa ana zimatanthauzanso zaka. Mpaka kutha msinkhu, ndizochepa, popeza palibe chifukwa chofunikira mphamvu zambiri.

Komabe, patatha zaka 14, thupi la achinyamata limayamba kusinthika kwambiri pamlingo wa mahomoni. Mwanjira iyi, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi omwe achinyamata amapereka kumawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwonetsero cha insulin chiwonjezeke. Zikhalidwe zimafotokozedwa pagome:

wosakwana zaka 14	Zaka 14 mpaka 25
3 – 20	6 – 25

Pa masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu

Kusanthula kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa insulini kumachitika m'njira ziwiri - pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Komanso, kuti muwone mulingo wofanana, muyenera kuchita zonse ziwiri kuti muwone zazikulu.

Njira yoyamba imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni panthawi yomwe sakupangidwa ndi kapamba. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa insulin kwa akazi, abambo ndi ana nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa ndipo kumakhala malire, omwe amaperekedwa patebulopo:

Timapereka kuchotsera kwa owerenga tsamba lathu!

wosakwana zaka 14	Zaka 14-25	Amuna ndi akazi a zaka 25-50	Amuna ndi akazi azaka 50 kapena kupitirira	Amayi pa nthawi yoyembekezera
2 – 4	4– 7	1,9 – 4	5 – 7	4,5 – 8

Pambuyo pa kusanthula pamimba yopanda kanthu, mtundu wachiwiri umachitidwa - wokhala ndi shuga. Nayo, itha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri - pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya shuga kapena chakudya chosavuta.

Mu mawonekedwe oyamba, munthu amapatsidwa njira yotseka shuga (kwa ana 50 ml., Kwa akuluakulu 75 ml.) Ndipo dikirani mphindi 45-60, pambuyo pake amatenga magazi kuti awunikenso. Panthawi imeneyi, thupi liyenera kuyamba kupanga insulin kuti itenge shuga. Kukula kwa mahomoni kumayenera kukhala kokugwirizana ndi kusanthula koyamba ndikukhala m'magulu otsatirawa:

wosakwana zaka 14	Zaka 14-25	Amuna ndi akazi a zaka 25-50	Amuna ndi akazi azaka 50 kapena kupitirira	Amayi pa nthawi yoyembekezera
10 – 20	13 – 25	13 – 25	17 – 35	16 — 27

Panjira yachiwiri, kutsitsa shuga kumachitika mwa kudya zakudya wamba. Pankhaniyi, insulini iyenera kukulira pafupifupi 70% yokhudzana ndi kusanthula pamimba yopanda kanthu. Izi zikufotokozedwa pagome:

wosakwana zaka 14	Zaka 14-25	Amuna ndi akazi a zaka 25-50	Amuna ndi akazi azaka 50 kapena kupitirira	Amayi pa nthawi yoyembekezera
6 – 10	8 – 13	8 – 13	9 – 17	8 — 16

Posankha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ndi chakudya, zizindikilo zimasiyana ndi zomwe zidadyedwa.

Ngati index ya insulini idakwezedwa kapena kutsitsidwa, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa zovuta ndi kupanga kwake. Potere, adotolo amafufuza mayeso owonjezera kuti adziwe zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya kapamba.

Wotsika insulin

Ngati insulini imatsitsidwa, shuga amayamba kudziunjikira chifukwa chakuti samakonzedwa m'maselo. Izi zimabweretsa kuti magwiridwe antchito a ziwalo zambiri amasokonekera chifukwa chosowa mphamvu.

wosakwana zaka 14Zaka 14-25Amuna ndi akazi a zaka 25-50Amuna ndi akazi azaka 50 kapena kupitiriraAmayi pa nthawi yoyembekezera 2 – 44– 71,9 – 45 – 74,5 – 8

Pambuyo pa kusanthula pamimba yopanda kanthu, mtundu wachiwiri umachitidwa - wokhala ndi shuga. Nayo, itha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri - pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya shuga kapena chakudya chosavuta.

wosakwana zaka 14	Zaka 14-25	Amuna ndi akazi a zaka 25-50	Amuna ndi akazi azaka 50 kapena kupitirira	Amayi pa nthawi yoyembekezera
10 – 20	13 – 25	13 – 25	17 – 35	16 — 27

wosakwana zaka 14	Zaka 14-25	Amuna ndi akazi a zaka 25-50	Amuna ndi akazi azaka 50 kapena kupitirira	Amayi pa nthawi yoyembekezera
6 – 10	8 – 13	8 – 13	9 – 17	8 — 16

Posankha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ndi chakudya, zizindikilo zimasiyana ndi zomwe zidadyedwa.

Insulin yokwera

Insulin yochulukirapo ndiyonso yoopsa. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zapakhosi.

Pankhaniyi, munthu amakhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

nseru
kuponya thukuta lozizira
kuchuluka kwamphamvu
kukomoka
kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma insulin asamalidwe osavomerezeka azikhala ndi:

kukhalapo kwa zotupa zopweteka kapena zoyipa mu kapamba,
mtundu 2 shuga
kusintha kwa ma horoni kapena kusagwira bwino ntchito,
matenda opatsirana kapena otupa a kapamba.

Kuonjezera insulin m'magazi kumabweretsa kutaya kwa elasticity ya makoma a mitsempha yamagazi, yomwe kuyambira nthawi yayambitsa matenda oopsa.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa mahomoni kumapangitsa kuti kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa glucose ndi mapuloteni amadziunjikira m'maselo amafuta. Komanso, insulin yayikulu imachulukitsa chiopsezo cha oncology.

Matenda a misulin

Osatengera kuti mulingo wa insulin m'mwazi ukuwonjezeka kapena kuchepetsedwa, ziyenera kusinthidwa kuti zilepheretse kukula kwa matenda a pathologies m'thupi.

Kutsitsa hormone kumakonza pakubaya. Insulin yachitatu ndi yamitundu ingapo, yomwe imasiyana mosiyana ndi kuthamanga kwazowonekera komanso nthawi yayitali.

Mtundu, mlingo, malo oyendetsedwera komanso maola akumwa ma jakisoni a mahomoni amatsogozedwa ndi adokotala okha. Kuphatikiza apo, adokotala amawonetsa zakudya zofunika, zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zitsatire.

Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi, zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka. Zakudya zake zimatengera kupatulidwa kwa zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga. Maziko amapangidwa ndi mbale kuchokera masamba, nyama yochepa mafuta, nsomba zam'nyanja ndi zamkaka. Kuphatikiza pa kadyedwe, ndikofunikira kumangolimbitsa thupi ndi katundu wambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga asinthe m'thupi kukhala mphamvu, ndipo, chifukwa chake, kutsika kwa insulin.

Ngati kudya ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi sizikuthandizira, ndiye kuti mankhwala amathandizidwa kuti athe kubwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda a insulin akhale ambiri.

Kukana insulini

Mukamayesa insulin ndi shuga, vuto limatha kuchitika, ngati kuwerenga kwabwinobwino shuga, mulingo wa mahomoni umachoka. Nthawi zambiri izi zimawonetsa kukana kwa insulin - kuphwanya zomwe thupi limachita mu kagayidwe kachakudya kake kapena ka insulin. Ndipo sizingagwire ntchito ngati imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mahomoni, kapena zonse nthawi imodzi.

Kukana kwa insulini ndichinthu chowopsa chomwe chitha kubweretsa matenda oopsa a mtima komanso matenda a shuga a 2.

Kusanthula koyenera

Madzi a insulin ndi omwe amachititsa kukula kwa minofu komanso kusunganso mphamvu zam'mimba

Insulin ndi mahomoni ofunikira, omwe popanda metabolism amasokoneza, maselo ndi minyewa sizingagwire ntchito moyenera. Zimapangidwa ndi kapamba. M'matumbo, mumakhala masamba omwe ali ndi beta cell omwe amapanga insulin.

Ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi, momwe zimakhalira zimatha kusiyanasiyana osati ndi zaka, komanso kudya zakudya komanso zina.

Insulin imakhala ngati wochititsa.Shuga amalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya, m'matumbo mwake mumayamwa chakudya ndipo amapezeka m'magazi.

Komabe, shuga pa gawo lililonse simalowa m'maselo, kupatula minofu yodalira insulini, yomwe imaphatikizapo maselo aubongo, mitsempha yamagazi, maselo amwazi, retina, impso ndi gren adrenal. Maselo ena onse amafunikira insulini, yomwe imapangitsa kuti nembanemba yawo ilowerereke ndi shuga.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kukwera, minofu yotsutsana ndi insulin yomwe imayamba kuyamwa kwambiri, motero, mu shuga mellitus, shuga m'magazi ikachuluka kwambiri, maselo aubongo, mawonekedwe amitsempha yamagazi, ndi mitsempha yamagazi choyamba imavutika. Amakumana ndi katundu wambiri, amatenga shuga wambiri.

Ntchito zingapo zofunika za insulin:

Zimalola kuti glucose alowe m'maselo, pomwe amang'ambika m'madzi, kaboni dioksidi ndi mphamvu. Mphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi khungu, ndipo mpweya woipa umatulutsidwa ndipo umalowa m'mapapu.
Glucose amapangidwa ndi maselo a chiwindi. Insulin imalepheretsa mapangidwe a mamolekyulu atsopano a shuga m'magazi, kuchepetsa nkhawa pa chiwalo.
Insulin imakupatsani mwayi kuti musunge shuga kuti mugwiritse ntchito mtsogolo mwa mtundu wa glycogen. Pankhani yokhala ndi vuto la njala komanso kusowa kwa shuga, glycogen imasweka ndikusintha kukhala glucose.
Insulin imapangitsa kuti maselo a thupi azikhala ovomerezeka kwa glucose okha, komanso ma amino acid ena.
Insulin imapangidwa m'thupi tsiku lonse, koma mapangidwe ake amakula ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi (m'thupi labwino) pakudya. Kuphwanya kwa insulin kumakhudza kagayidwe konse m'thupi, koma makamaka pa kagayidwe kazakudya.

Kuphwanya milingo ya insulin mwa amuna ndi chizindikiro chowopsa chomwe chimafuna kukonzedwa.

Insulin yayikulu kapena yotsika imawonetsa kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa metabolic ndi kukhalapo kwa zinthu zamagulu.

Insulin idapezeka mu 1869 ndi P. Langerhans. Kuphunzira pansi pa ma microscope a ma pancreatic cell, adawulula masango (ma islets) m'matipi ake omwe amapanga chinthu chapadera - insulin (kutanthauza kuti "insula" amatanthauza chilumba).

Insulin yomwe ili m'thupi laimuna ndiyo imayambitsa njira zofunika kwambiri:

imayendetsa chitukuko ndi kukonzanso kwa minofu minofu,
imathandizira ntchito ya michere yomwe imayang'anira kapangidwe ka glycogen,
Amayamwa ndi maselo a chakudya, potaziyamu, amino acid.

Kodi IGF-1 ndi chiani ndi gawo la gawo lofanana ndi kukula kwa insulin mthupi la munthu? Tili ndi yankho!

Werengani momwe mungayang'anire chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndi thermometer nokha kunyumba adilesi iyi.

Kutengera zaka za mwamunayo, insulin yomwe ili mu madzi am'magazi iyenera kukhala (mkED / l):

anyamata ochepera zaka 14 - 3-20,
Zaka 14-25 - 6-25,
woposa zaka 25 - 3-25,
kuyambira wazaka 60 - 3-35.

Ana ndi achinyamata safuna ndalama zowonjezera, chifukwa chake, kupanga kwawo kwa insulini kumachepera pang'ono poyerekeza ndi akulu. Kupsinjika kwamisempha ya insulin kumachitika pa nthawi yakutha.

Tcherani khutu! Ngati kapamba sakugwira ntchito bwino chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphulika kwa insulin kumachitika. Zinthu ngatizi zimafunikira chithandizo chamwadzidzidzi.

Kwa masiku awiri, siyani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupatula kusokonezedwa mtima. M'mawa wa tsiku la kusanthula, simungathe kumwa tiyi, khofi. Mutha kumwa madzi opanda mpweya.

Kwa masiku angapo pachakudya muyenera kupatula mafuta, okoma, kusiya mowa.

Magazi a insulin amatengedwa kuchokera pachala, magazi a venous omwe nthawi zambiri sawagwiritsa ntchito popenda.

Kuyeza kumeneku kumalimbikitsidwa kwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 40, makamaka iwo omwe ali ndi chibadwa chambiri chokhudza kunenepa kwambiri pamimba.

Madzulo a kusanthula, kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi kwamalingaliro kuyenera kupatula. Kukana kwa insulini ndikuphwanya mayankho azinthu zathupi kuti insulin ilowe mthupi (mkati kapena pakupanga).

Chomwe chimayesedwa ndikuti bambo amapatsidwa insulin pamimba yopanda kanthu (0,1 IU / kg ya kulemera kwa thupi). Pambuyo pake, masekondi 60 aliwonse, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatsimikiziridwa kwa mphindi 15.

Njira inanso yoyezera (yayitali) imatha kukhala - mphindi 10 zilizonse kwa ola limodzi.

Kupatuka kwazomwe zimachitika mwa abambo kumawerengedwa ngati kuchepa komanso kuwonjezeka kwa insulin, popeza kuthamanga kwa shuga ndi maselo kumadalira.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulin iwonjezeke m'magazi imatha kukhala:

kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri,
kupsinjika kwanthawi zonse
mtundu 2 shuga
Cushing's syndrome
dystrophic myotonia,
kukhalapo kwa insulinomas - chotupa mu kapamba yemwe amapanga insulini palokha,
kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo la hypothalamic-pituitary.

Kukula kwakukulu kwa insulini, kutsika kwa shuga ndi kuperewera kwamaselo kumachitika, zomwe zimawopseza bambo kuti apangidwe ndi hypoglycemia.

miyendo yanjenjemera
thukuta kwambiri
kumva kwamphamvu njala
kukomoka mtima,
nseru
kukomoka.

Momwe mungachepetse cortisol mwa amuna omwe ali ndi milingo yayikulu yotsutsana ndi kupsinjika? Tili ndi yankho!

Ma horoni a posterior pituitary gland ndi udindo wa owongolera ofunikira amthupi adalembedwa patsamba lino.

Insulin ndiye mahomoni ofunikira kwambiri omwe amathandiza kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi la munthu. Zimagwira kayendedwe ka glucose kupita ku maselo, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwakanthawi kwa ndende yamagazi. Kuti muzindikire kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika chifukwa cha shuga ndi insulin.

Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumapangitsa munthu kukhala wonenepa kwambiri kapena wonenepa kwambiri. Mitengo yochepetsedwa imatha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya cham'mimba, chifukwa chake wodwalayo, m'malo mwake, amalemera.

Amuna ambiri angakhale akuganiza kuti kuchuluka kwa insulini ya magazi awo kungakhale chiyani. Monga momwe madotolo awonera, zisonyezo zabwinobwino zachimuna ndi zachikazi sizosiyana ndi zina, zimatha kukhala ndi mtengo wosiyana mwa ana kapena amayi apakati.

Madokotala amawulula njira inayake yomwe imawonetsa kuti insulin imapangidwira kwambiri mwa amuna akhoza kukhala ndi zaka 40 kapena kupitirira. Izi ndichifukwa cha njira yolakwika, ndichifukwa chake chiopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga chikuwonjezeka kwambiri.

Hemeni insulin imayang'anira kagayidwe kazakudya. Zimagwira motere - mutatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumawonjezeka kwambiri limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga.Ndiye kuti, ndi kuchuluka kowonjezera kwa glucose, ndende ya insulin imakulanso.

Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumawonjezeka. Izi zimafunikira kuti athe kuyamwa bwino zakudya zomwe zapezeka ndikuyendetsa shuga m'maselo a thupi.

Ngati akukayikira kuti angayambitse matenda ashuga, dokotalayo amapereka njira yowunikira. Kutengera ndi chizolowezi chomwe chilipo cha shuga pambuyo pakupereka magazi, ndizotheka kuzindikira zoyipa zomwe zingachitike, kudziwa mtundu wa matenda ndi kuchuluka kwa kunyalanyaza.

Anthu athanzi, pakakhala zovuta, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro kuchokera 3 mpaka 26 μU pa millilita,
Mu mwana, zosankha zenizeni zimawonedwa pamlingo wa insulin wa 3 mpaka 19 μU pa millilita, womwe ndi wocheperako kuposa wachikulire,
Pa nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati, azimayi amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri, motero, zizindikiro kuchokera ku 6 mpaka 28 mcU pa millilita zimawoneka ngati zabwinobwino.
Kuphatikiza ziwerengero zosiyana pang'ono zitha kukhala mwa anthu okalamba, pankhani iyi, zachilengedwe zimachokera pa 6 mpaka 35 mkU pa millilita.

Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zoyeserera magazi kuti akhale ndi insulin - kuchepetsedwa kwa fluorescence ndi radiology maphunziro a ECLA. Mitundu iyi ya kusanthula ikuchitika kokha pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba zamaabara.

Kuwunika kwa kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kuyenera kutengedwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Tsiku lisanafike ku chipatala, simungathe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri ndikukweza thupi.

Hormone insulin

Koma mayeso ambiri a mahomoni, magazi amaperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu,
tsiku loti mayeso ayambike, zolimbitsa thupi ziyenera kupatula,
Maola 12 asanatulutse mahomoni, simungadye chakudya, ndizoletsedwa kumwa tiyi, khofi kapena sutra ya juwisi, mutha kumangotenga madzi wamba osakhala ndi kaboni. Nthawi yocheperako pakati pa mayeso ndi kudya kwa maola ndi maola 8,
komanso masiku awiri tsiku loti lisanachitike mu labotale muyenera kusiya kudya zakudya zamafuta
Osamamwa mowa usiku,
Maola 2-3 musanayesedwe, simungathe kusuta,
atsikana atha kuyesedwa mahomoni awa mosasamala tsiku lakusamba kwa msambo, chifukwa insulini siyiri ya mahomoni ogonana, ndipo tsiku la kuzungulira silidzawakhudza.

Mululin wa insulin m'magazi: kuchuluka kwa mahomoni pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya

Kuti muwone kuwunika kwa shuga kumakhala kokwanira, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo a kuperekera kwake, omwe ndi:

Zida zimaperekedwa m'mawa komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndikofunikira kutenga izi mosamalitsa.
Madzulo a zitsanzo za magazi, musadzichulukitsire zochita zolimbitsa thupi.
Mlingo wocheperako nthawi mukatha kudya ndikuwunikira uyenera kukhala osachepera maola 8. M'mawaoletsedwa kumwa tiyi kapena khofi, mutha kumwa madzi okha.

Kanani zakudya zamafuta masiku angapo musanadyetsedwe. Madzulo a kusanthula koletsedwa kumwa mowa. Kwa maola angapo simuyenera kusuta.

Musanapereke kusanthula, muyenera kudzipatula ku ntchito zolimbitsa thupi

Hormayo imayamba kumanga shuga owonjezera ndikuisunga m'misempha ndi mafuta m'thupi. Glucose onse amene walowa minofu yam'mimba amasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu, ndipo m'maselo amafuta amaphatikizidwa ndimafuta ndikudziunjikira.

Ngati tizingolankhula pamikhalidwe yokhazikika, ndiye kuti insulin ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu. Zimakhala ndi zopindulitsa kwa iye ndikuwongolera njira zotsatirazi:

imathandizira kumanga minofu. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kutsegula kwa ma ribosomes, omwe amachititsa kuti mapuloteni - omwe amapangira minofu,
imalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa ulusi wa minofu. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zotsutsa-catabolic za mahomoni ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zitheke,
insulin imapereka ma amino acid ku maselo ofunikira kuti agwire bwino ntchito,
imawonjezera ntchito ya ma enzymes omwe amachititsa kuti glycogen apangidwe.Ndi iye - iyi ndi njira yayikulu yosungira shuga m'maselo a thupi la munthu.

Mafuta akawonongeka, mphamvu imatulutsidwa ndizofunikira kuti ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe zizigwira ntchito.

Mwamuna ndi mkazi wathanzi adzaganiziridwa pokhapokha ngati insulini yake sikhala yopitilira muyeso womwe umadziwika ndi mankhwalawo. Muzochitika zoyipa, izi zimatha kukhala chiwopsezo cha kuyamba kwa kunenepa, mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga komanso mavuto amthupi.

Insulin m'magazi imapereka minyewa ndi maselo amthupi ndi mphamvu, ndikuthandizira kutulutsa shuga m'maselo. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa mahomoni angalole kuyeserera kwa kulolera kwa glucose.

Zochita zama minofu ya minyewa, kupindika kwa minofu ndikupanga minyewa ya adipose zimadalira mwachindunji ntchito ya mahomoni. Kuphatikizika kwake kwabwinobwino kumalepheretsa mapangidwe a mafuta ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kukulira kwa kunenepa kumaletsedwa.

Ndiye insulin ya mahomoni yomwe imapereka kuyanjana pakati pakusweka ndi kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni m'thupi la munthu wathanzi. Kusintha kwa kapangidwe kazinthu kumatsogolera pakupangitsa kulekerera kwamatumbo, komwe kumadziwika ndi matenda ashuga, kuperewera kwa mtima ndi ma genitourinary system.

Popeza mitsempha ya carotid imawonongeka, yomwe imapatsa thanzi minofu ya muubongo. Kuchepa kwa insulini kwambiri kungapangitse kuchepa kwa kukumbukira, kuthamanga kwa kulingalira ndi kuzindikira, ndipo pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zochitika zapamwamba zamanjenje, mpaka kutsekeka kwathunthu kwa ubongo.

Tsiku lisanafike mayeso, pewani kumwa mowa ndi kusuta.
Yesani magazi m'mimba yopanda kanthu.
Zakumwa zokhala ndi shuga siziloledwa.
Chenjezani wothandizira wa labotale zamankhwala omwe mukumwa kapena siyani kumwa masiku atatu masiku anu asanawere.

Zisonyezero za kuchuluka kwa magazi kwa insulin yokhala ndi katundu zimapangitsa kukhalapo kapena kusowa kwa chiwopsezo cha maselo. Choyamba muyenera kuyeza kuchuluka kwa secretion yoyambira m'magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu. Pambuyo wodwala amaperekedwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito manyumwa kuti azithandiza kutulutsa kwa timadzi mu kayendedwe kazinthu.

Nthawi zonse, nthawi zambiri pambuyo maola awiri, mpanda umatengedwanso. Komabe, nthawi zina zowunikira zitha kuwonetsedwa. Kudziwa mulingo wazizindikiro pambuyo pakukweza shuga kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa chinthu.

Mwa munthu wathanzi, kusanthula ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin kuyambira 3 mpaka 20 mcU / ml ndizodziwika kuti ndizabwinobwino, ndipo kusinthasintha pang'ono kwa chizindikirochi kumaloledwa.

Musaiwale kuti kuwunika kwa thunthu la zinthu m'magazi kumachitika kokha pamimba yopanda kanthu. Izi ndizofunikira kuti azindikire molondola zovuta za mthupi.

Ngati tikulankhula za ana, makamaka ana aang'ono, ndiye kuti lamuloli siligwira ntchito kwa ana. Pangoyambira kutha msinkhu pomwe insulin yawo imadalira chakudya.

Pali nthawi zina pamene kusanthula kukuwonetsa kuti mulingo wa insulin m'mwazi wa munthu nthawi zonse umakhala pamwamba pa mulingo woyenera. Zinthu zoterezi zimatha kukhala chifukwa choyambitsa kukula kwa ma pathologies osasinthika.

Zinthu zotsatirazi zingayambitse insulin m'magazi:

kuchita zolimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu thupi, makamaka azimayi,
zochitika zopsinja nthawi zonse
matenda ashuga a 2 nthawi zonse amatsogolera kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi kumakwera,
kuchuluka kwamafuta amakulidwe (acromegaly),
kunenepa kwa magawo osiyanasiyana,
polycystic ovary mwa akazi,
Cushing's syndrome
dystrophic myotonia (neuromuscular matenda),
kuwona kwa insulini komanso zakudya zamagulu,
pancreatic insulinoma, Zizindikiro za chotupacho ziwonekera bwino,
matenda oopsa a kapamba, monga ma neoplasms kapena khansa ya chiwalo,
kusokonezeka kwa pituitary gland.

Ngati kuwunika kukuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin kumayambitsa kuthamanga kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti mumikhalidwe yotere imayamba: thukuta, miyendo, kunjenjemera, kugunda kwamtima, kukomoka, nseru, komanso njala yosagonjetseka.

Cholinga cha izi ndikuwonjezeranso bongo wa insulin. Ichi ndichifukwa chake onse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito timadzi timeneti pa chithandizo amakakamizidwa kuisamalira mosamala momwe angathere, kuwerengetsa bwino kuchuluka kwa jekeseni aliyense, ndikupereka kuyesedwa kwa timadzi tating'onoting'ono munthawi yake.

Nthawi zina pamene kuwunikira kukuwonetsa kuti insulin ndi yotsika komanso ndiyosavomerezeka, tiyenera kulankhula za malo awa:

kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga amtundu 1
moyo wongokhala
kuyanʻanila magwiridwe antchito a pituitary gland,
wodwala matenda ashuga
kutopa kwamthupi,
Matenda opatsirana oyenda kwamtundu wawo,
kumwa kwambiri mafuta oyera,
kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwanthawi yayitali, makamaka pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Insulin yotsika imatha kukhala cholepheretsa kudya shuga m'maselo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi chidwi chambiri. Zotsatira zake zimachitika ndikumwa ludzu kwambiri, kuda nkhawa, kulakalaka kwambiri kudya chakudya, kusakwiya kwambiri, komanso kuyamwa pafupipafupi.

Zizindikiro zofananazi zimatha kukhalanso pamaso pa matenda ena, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti mukayezetsa mayeso apadera azachipatala, chekeni. chizolowezi chomanga shuga shuga.

Njira zodziwira ndende ya mahomoni

Monga prophylaxis yamakhalidwe abwinobwino, malingaliro monga:

Pewani mowa ndi zinthu zina zopweteka zomwe zimakhala ndi chiwopsezo chochuluka pa kapamba ndi chiwindi.
Khazikitsani zakudya, ndikuzipanga kukhala zopatsa mphamvu komanso zochepa.
Khalani ndi moyo wokangalika, yang'anirani masewera.

Ngati akwezedwa, ndiye kuti zizindikiro za insulini ziyenera kupezeka. Pamaso pa kufooka, kugona, kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta m'mimba, ludzu, kuphunzira kuyenera kuchitika osanenedwa. Mitundu yambiri ya insulini, komanso yotsika kwambiri, imakhala yowopsa kwa thupi ndipo imawonetsa kukhalapo kwa kupatuka.

Kuzindikira kwakukulu kumawonedwa patatha maola awiri mutatha kudya, pambuyo pake mfundozo zimayambiranso bwino. Kungodziyang'anira nokha ndikudzifufuza kwakanthawi kochepa komwe kumapewe mavuto ambiri ndi zotsatirapo zovuta zaumoyo.

Insulin

Kunenepa kwambiri, makamaka nthawi zina pamene mafuta amadzaza m'chiuno.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Mafuta akulu kwambiri.

Ngati mupeza kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi, bambo ayenera kufunsa thandizo kwa dokotala yemwe ayenera kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa. Chithandizo chotsatira zimatengera momwe ndendende imayambira.

Mtengo pamwamba pamachitidwewo ungayambitsidwe ndi:

kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kosalekeza (makamaka kwa akazi achisawawa, amene amakonda kuzunza yekha ndi katundu wambiri mu masewera olimbitsa thupi),
zokumana nazo zopweteka ndi zovuta zina,
zina za chiwindi ndi biliary thirakiti,
mtundu 2 shuga
kuchuluka kwa mahomoni okula m'thupi (acromegaly),
Cushing's syndrome. onenepa
minsulinoma (neoplasm yomwe imatha kupotoza zizindikiro panjira ya overestimated),
dystrophic mitotonia (nthenda yamitsempha yam'mimba),
kagayidwe kachakudya matenda
kulephera kwa pituitary gland,
polycystic ovary syndrome (kokha matenda achikazi),
benign neoplasms mu adrenal gland,
matenda a kapamba.

mtundu 1 shuga
moyo wokhalitsa wokhazikika, makamaka kwa amuna,
mavuto mu ntchito ya pineal gland,
kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri (makamaka pamimba yopanda kanthu),
kumwa tsiku lililonse shuga ndi ufa,
mavuto amanjenje,
aakulu matenda opatsirana.

Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwake, zinthu zotsatirazi zimaperekedwa:

Mahomoniwa amapatsa minofu, kapena, maselo awo, ma amino acid omwe ndi ofunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa thupi.
Insulin imathandizira kumanga minofu popanga mapuloteni, omwe amakhala ngati nyumba yomanga.
Kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya minofu kumapetsedwa.
Ntchito zowonjezera za ma enzymes omwe amathandizira kapangidwe ka glycogen.

Sizokayikitsa kuti aliyense anganene kuti pakuchita zolimbitsa thupi, zinthu zonse zofunikira m'thupi zimayenera kukhala mulingo. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito ku metabolism ya carbohydrate, momwe momwe kupanga ndi kugwiritsira ntchito kwa insulin kumachitikira.

Chifukwa chiyani kuphwanya kotero kumachitika? Zomwe zimatha kukhala kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake kapangidwe kake kapangidwe ka kapamba (zotupa, ma hyperplasia), komanso matenda a ziwalo zina, chifukwa cha kagayidwe kazakudya kamene kamayambitsa matenda (kuwonongeka kwa impso, chiwindi, ndulu za adrenal, ndi zina).

Komabe, nthawi zambiri, insulin imakwera kwambiri chifukwa cha mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, pamene kapamba amagwira ntchito mwachizolowezi, ndipo maselo am'misika ya Langerhans amapitiliza kupanga mahomoni nthawi zonse.

Cholinga chowonjezeka cha insulin chimakhala insulin kukana - kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo kwa icho. Zotsatira zake, shuga kuchokera m'magazi sangathe kulowa mu cell, ndipo thupi, lomwe limayesabe kuperekera shuga ku cell, limatulutsa insulin yambiri, ndichifukwa chake kuphatikiza kwake kumakhala kokwanira nthawi zonse.

Nthawi yomweyo, kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kokha gawo la zovuta: pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya 2 odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi metabolic syndrome, pomwe, kuwonjezera pa shuga wambiri, munthu amakhala ndi cholesterol yayikulu magazi, matenda oopsa, komanso matenda amtima. Ponena za chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 munganene kuti:

Kunenepa kwambiri pamimba, komwe mafuta amawaika m'chiuno.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa "poyerekeza ndi chizolowezi.

Ofufuzawo amawona ngati majini ndi chifukwa chothandizira kukana insulini: kukana kumayenera kukhala njira ya thupi yopulumukira nthawi yanjala, chifukwa kuphwanya chidwi cha insulin receptors kumakupatsani mwayi wodana ndi mafuta munthawi yoyenera.

Komabe, mwayi wakusinthika kwa momwe zinthu ziliri masiku ano zidasanduka vuto: thupi limasunga mafuta ngakhale osafunikira - anthu otukuka amakono adayiwaliratu za njala, koma anthu akupitilizabe kudya ndi nkhokwe, yomwe "idasungidwa" kumbali zawo.

Dziwani kuchuluka kwa insulini (hyperinsulinism) pogwiritsa ntchito kuyezetsa magazi komwe kwatulutsidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu - nthawi zambiri mtengo wa mahomoni m'magazi umachokera 3 mpaka 28 mcED / ml. Magazi amatengedwa mosamala pamimba yopanda kanthu, chifukwa akatha kudya kuchuluka kwa insulin kwambiri.

Kodi mungatani ngati kusanthula kunawonetsa kuchuluka kwa insulini? Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake - njira zamankhwala ena zimatengera izi: mwachitsanzo, ngati kuphwanya kuyanjana ndi kukhalapo kwa insulinoma, wodwalayo amaperekedwa kuti amuchotsere chotupa.

Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kukwera chifukwa cha matenda am'mimba a adrenal ndi cortex, chiwindi, zotupa za pituitary, muyenera kuthana ndi matenda awa - kuchotsedwa kwawo kudzapangitsa kutsika kwa insulin. Eya, ngati choyambitsa matendawa ndi kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya ndi matenda ashuga, chakudya chapadera cha carb chapadera ndi mankhwala omwe cholinga chake ndi kukweza chidwi cha maselo kuti apange insulin ingathandize.

Miyezi yambiri ya insulini yomwe imakwera nthawi zambiri imapezeka pathupi - pamenepa amalankhula za chitukuko cha matenda ashuga.Kodi chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga chotere kwa mayi ndi mwana ndi chiani? Mwana akhoza kukhala wamkulu kwambiri, wokhala ndi mapewa ochulukirapo, ndipo izi ndizowopsa pakubadwa kwamtsogolo - khanda limangokhala mu ngalande yobadwa.

Chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga gestational chikuwonjezeka:

Matenda Am'mbuyomu
Kulemera kwambiri
Polycystic Ovary
Kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga m'banjamo

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani pali kuchuluka kwa insulini komanso kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya nthawi yapakati?

Nthawi zina, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumayendetsedwa ndi insulin, yomwe imapangidwa mu kapamba. Mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu yake, shuga amasungidwa ndi maselo, ndipo mulingo wake m'magazi umachepa.

Nthawi yapakati, placenta imapanga mahomoni omwe amachititsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Glucose kudzera mu placenta amalowa m'magazi a mwana, ndipo kapamba wake, poyesera kukonza vutoli, amatulutsa insulin yambiri.

Nawonso, timadzi tambiri tambiri timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timapangitsa kuti magazi azisungidwa mosavuta komanso kuti asanduke mafuta osungira. Zotsatira zake, kulemera kwa mwana wamtsogolo kukukula mwachangu - pali macrosomia ya mwana wosabadwayo.

Insulin mthupi la munthu

Insulini ndi mahomoni apuloteni opangidwa ndi ma pancreatic β-cell. Imakhala ndi phindu pthupi ndipo imayendetsa njira zambiri.

Amawonjezera ntchito ya michere yomwe imayambitsa kupangidwa kwa glycogen. Zotsirizira zimadziunjikira mumisempha ndi chiwindi monga mafuta osungira.
Zimalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa ulusi wa minofu. Zosintha chifukwa cha anti-catabolic katundu.
Imathandizira kumanga minofu. Izi zimatheka mwa kuyambitsa ma ribosomes omwe amayang'anira kapangidwe ka mapuloteni - nyumba yofunika kwambiri ya minofu.
Imapatsa maselo ma amino acid ofunikira kuti agwire bwino ntchito.
Amathandizira kupindulitsa kwa zimakhala ndi potaziyamu, magnesium ndi phosphorous.
Imalimbikitsa kukula kwa masanjidwe am'mimba.
Imaphwanya shuga ku pyruvic acid - gwero lamphamvu lamphamvu.

Insulin imalepheretsanso mafuta acids kulowa m'magazi. Mwa kutenga nawo gawo pamabuku a DNA, timadzi timene timasintha.

Kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa insulini kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kuphwanya umphumphu wa maselo omwe amapanga zikondamoyo. Izi zitha kuonedwa muunyamata, komanso chifukwa chamtundu wa kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa matenda m'thupi.

Ndi kulumpha lakuthwa mthupi la insulin mthupi, abambo amakayikira matenda ena:

adrenal gland matenda,
maonekedwe a zotupa zopezeka m'mapapo.

Ngati matendawa sanatsimikizire izi, dokotalayo angakayikire kupezeka kwa matenda osokoneza bongo, panthawi yopanga yomwe ma cell receptor amataya chidwi chawo ndi izi.

Kusatulutsa mphamvu ndi vuto lalikulu la thanzi lomwe limayambitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin mwa amuna. Vutoli limachitika pamene shuga agwira "ntchito" yake molakwika komanso mawonekedwe ake owonjezera mumtsinje wamagazi.

Zonsezi zimakhala ndi zovuta m'mitsempha yamagazi, zimachepetsa mayendedwe awo ndikuwonjezera mamangidwe. Matenda a shuga amachititsanso kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha (yomwe imatchedwa diabetesic neuropathy) komanso kuchepa kwa chidwi cha mathero a mitsempha.

Kupatula apo, kuphwanya koteroko kumatha kuwonetsa kusowa tulo komanso kukula kwa zotupa zopweteka, chifukwa chake ndibwino kusewera mosamala ndikuzindikira kuti mupewe zovuta.

Pofuna kupewa zovuta izi, abambo omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kulembetsedwa ndi dokotala, kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa insulini mthupi, ndikutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo onse azachipatala.

Kupanga kwa insulin

Kupanga insulini ndi njira yovuta komanso yambiri. Choyamba, chinthu chosagwira ntchito chimapangidwa m'thupi, chimayamba ndi insulin (preproinsulin) yomwe imayamba kugwira ntchito.

Kapangidwe ka preproinsulin kakhazikika pa chromosome ya munthu. Munthawi yomweyo ndi kapangidwe kake, L-peptide yapadera imapangidwa, mothandizidwa ndi momwe prroinsulin imadutsira mu membrane wa cell, imasandulika proinsulin ndipo imakhala yokhwima mu mawonekedwe apadera a cell (Golgi tata).

Kutalika ndi gawo lalitali kwambiri mu ma insulin kupanga. Munthawi imeneyi, proinsulin amawola kukhala insulin ndi C-peptide. Kenako timadzi timene timalumikizana ndi zinc, zomwe zimakhala mthupi mu mawonekedwe a ionic.

Kutulutsidwa kwa insulin m'maselo a beta kumachitika kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kukwera. Kuphatikiza apo, kutulutsidwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwa insulin m'magazi kumadalira kupezeka kwa mahomoni ena, mafuta acids ndi amino acid, calcium ndi potaziyamu ions wa plasma.

Dongosolo lamanjenje laumwini la munthu limakhudzanso kubisirana kwa insulin:

Gawo la parasympathetic limakhudza kuwonjezeka kwa kapangidwe ka insulin.
Pa kuponderezana kwa kaphatikizidwe, gawo lake lazachifundo lili ndi udindo.

Zochita za insulin

Zochita za insulin ndikuti zimawongolera ndikuwongolera kagayidwe kazakudya. Izi zimatheka pochulukitsa kuchuluka kwa ma membrane am'magazi a glucose, omwe amaloleza kulowa mkati mwaselo.

Insulin m'thupi imagwira minofu yodalira insulin - minofu ndi mafuta. Pamodzi, minofu iyi imapanga 2/3 ya cell ya cell ndipo imayang'anira ntchito zofunika kwambiri (kupuma, magazi).

Kuchita kwa insulin kumachokera pa ntchito ya mapuloteni olandila mu membrane wa cell. Timadzi timene timalumikizana ndi cholandirira ndipo timazindikira, ndikuyamba ntchito yonse ya ma enzyme. Zotsatira zakusintha kwachilengedwe, mapuloteni a kinase C amathandizidwa, omwe amakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya.

Insulin yaumunthu imakhudza ma enzyme angapo, koma ntchito yayikulu yochepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi imadziwika ndi:

Kuchulukitsa kuthekera kwa maselo kunyamula glucose.
Kutsegula kwa shuga ntchito michere.
Imathandizira mapangidwe a masitolo a shuga ngati glycogen m'maselo a chiwindi.
Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mapangidwe a shuga chiwindi.

Kuphatikiza apo, zochita za insulin ndikuti:

Kuchulukitsa kuyamwa kwa amino acid ndi ma cell.
Amasintha kuyenda kwa potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi magnesium ion mu cell.
Kuchulukitsa mafuta acid.
Zimalimbikitsa kutembenuka kwa glucose kukhala triglycerides mu chiwindi ndi adipose minofu.
Zimasintha kubwereza kwa DNA (kubereka).
Amachepetsa kuyenda kwamafuta m'magazi.
Imalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni.

Shuga ndi insulin

Zikondazo zimalandira chidziwitso kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin yayikulu kutaya glucose omwe akubwera, ndipo amachotsedwa pazosungidwa ndi chitsulo panthawi yopuma chakudya. Kutulutsidwa kwa insulin pankhaniyi kumatchedwa gawo loyamba la kuyankha kwa insulin.

Zotsatira zake zakumasulidwa, shuga wamagazi amatsika kukhala wabwinobwino, ndipo mahomoni omwe amapezeka mu kapamba amatha. Gland imayamba kupanga insulini yowonjezera, yomwe imalowa m'magazi pang'ono - iyi ndi gawo lachiwiri la kuyankha kwa insulin.

Nthawi zambiri, insulini imapitilizidwa kupanga ndi kutulutsidwa m'magazi m'mene chakudya chimagwidwa. Thupi limasunga gawo la glucose mu mawonekedwe a glycogen mu minofu ndi chiwindi. Ngati glycogen ilibe kwina koti ipite, ndipo osagwiritsa ntchito chakudya m'magazi, insulin imawathandiza kukhala mafuta ndikusungidwa mu minofu ya adipose.

Pomwe, pakapita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumayamba kuchepa, ma cell a pancreatic alpha ayamba kutulutsa glucagon, mahomoni omwe amasokoneza insulini pazomwe amachita: amauza minofu ndi chiwindi kuti nthawi yakwana yoti asinthe masitolo a glycogen kukhala glucose, ndipo potero amasunga shuga m'magazi zabwinobwino. Thupi lidzadzaza nkhokwe zotsalira za chakudya chamkati nthawi yotsatira.

Insulin ili ndi vuto la hypoglycemic - imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga mu mawonekedwe a glycogen m'chiwindi ndi minofu. Ngati mulingo wa glucose ndiwopamwamba kuposa chiwerengero china, thupi limayamba kupanga insulini kuti mugwiritse ntchito shuga.
Glucagon ndi mahomoni a hyperglycemic opangidwa m'maselo a pancreatic alpha ndipo amasintha masitolo a chiwindi ndi minofu kukhala glucose.

Mitundu ya insulini ndipo imapezeka bwanji?

Mwa munthu wathanzi, kusanthula ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin kuyambira 3 mpaka 20 mcU / ml ndizodziwika kuti ndizabwinobwino, ndipo kusinthasintha pang'ono kwa chizindikirochi kumaloledwa. Musaiwale kuti kuwunika kwa thunthu la zinthu m'magazi kumachitika kokha pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Izi ndizofunikira kuti azindikire molondola zovuta za mthupi. Mukatha kudya, kapamba amayamba kupanga mwachangu mankhwala a insulin chifukwa chake zomwe zili m'magazi zizikhala zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa masiku onse.

Izi ndizofunikira kuti azindikire molondola zovuta za mthupi. Mukatha kudya, kapamba amayamba kupanga mwachangu mankhwala a insulin chifukwa chake zomwe zili m'magazi zizikhala zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa masiku onse.

Ngati insulini yanu imakhala yachilendo

Kuwonjezeka kwamankhwala a insulin kumayendetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zolandilidwa zimatha kusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu. Komanso, poyambira kagayidwe kakang'ono, maselo amafuta amasiya kuchita nawo. Wodwalayo amadandaula za kunjenjemera, thukuta kwambiri komanso kunjenjemera.

Madzi ochuluka kwambiri m'magazi siowopsa monga kuperewera kwake. Matendawa ndi owala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 osadalira insulin. Kukhazikika kwa matenda monga bronchitis, mphumu, myopia, stroke, kugunda kwa mtima sikutsutsidwa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa insulin yayikulu m'magazi zitha kukhala:

mavuto, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse (makamaka mwa azimayi),
lembani matenda a shuga atatu
kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri kwamagulu osiyanasiyana,
magwiridwe antchito a pituitary gland,
kuchuluka kwamafuta amakulidwe (acromegaly),
ma polycystic thumba lam'mimba, neoplasms mu kapamba (insulinoma) kapena gren adrenal,
Cushing's syndrome.

Zina zomwe sizikuchulukirapo zomwe zikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi ndi matenda amitsempha yamagazi (makamaka, dystrophic myotonia) ndi kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro a insulin komanso chakudya chamagulu.

Kutengera zomwe zimayambitsa matenda, njira yachipatala imapangidwa. Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, ndikofunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera komanso kusowa kunja. Zakudya zama calorie otsika komanso zochepa zama carb zimathandizira kuchotsa mapaundi owonjezera ndikupanga ziphuphu.

Zachidziwikire, mankhwala ochepetsa insulin amadziwika. Ayenera kumwedwa tsiku lililonse. Izi zimachepetsa katundu pancreas ndikuletsa kufooka kwake.

Kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito mokwanira, ndikofunikira kuti magazi azikhala ndi magazi nthawi zonse. Musayese kudya mopitilira 2 pa tsiku. Kamodzi pa sabata, kanani kudya. Kusala kumathandizira kubwezeretsa maselo.

Kupewa kwambiri komanso kwamphamvu insulin

Zizindikiro zofananazi zimatha kukhalanso pamaso pa matenda ena, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti mukayezetsa mayeso apadera azachipatala, chekeni. chizolowezi chomanga shuga shuga.

Ngati insulini m'thupi ipangidwa mosakwanira kapena, mopitilira muyeso, izi zimapangitsa kusintha kwa glucose m'magazi. Ngakhale shuga wambiri komanso wotsika ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyana, kukhazikitsidwa kwa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kumafuna kutsatira malamulo ena:

Ngati mukuvutika ndi kupanga insulini yovutitsa komanso kuyamwa, pezani chovala pachifuwa kapena lembani chikwama chanu kuti ena azitha kuyankha mwachangu.
Tsatirani wanu endocrinologist pafupipafupi ndikutsatira chithandizo chomwe mwalandira.
Osamamwa mowa, chifukwa zimayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi.
Yesani kukhala ndi moyo wodekha komanso woyezedwa - chifukwa, monga mukudziwa, kupanga kwa insulin kumapangitsa kuti tisapanikizike. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali pamavuto amatha kunyoza thanzi lawo malinga ndi mfundo yoti "sipadzakhalanso zoyipa", zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu.
Onani pafupipafupi shuga yanu yamagazi ndi zida zosunthika (glucometer) - umu ndi momwe mungawerengere ngati thupi likuyendetsa katundu, kapena ngati mukufunikira kusintha momwe mankhwalawo alili. Kuwunika kuchuluka kwa glucose kumathandiza kupewa zinthu zomwe zingawononge moyo monga hypoglycemic ndi hyperglycemic coma.
Khalani anzeru pantchito zolimbitsa thupi. Simuyenera kuyika zolemba zamasewera, chifukwa kupanga insulin sikusintha pa nthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma kugwiritsa ntchito shuga kumachitika mwachangu, ndipo misempha ya magazi imatha kutsika kukhala osachepera ovomerezeka. Mutha kuthana ndi izi pakudya chakudya chamafuta ochepa musanayambe makalasi, kapena kubaya insulin yocheperako ndi chakudya (ngati mwapatsidwa mankhwala a insulin).
Osanyalanyaza katemera woletsa, cholinga chake ndikuteteza thupi ku matenda a chimfine ndi matenda a chibayo, chifukwa nthawi yamatendayi timapangika timadzi tomwe timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa ndipo timatulutsa insulin.

Ma insulin omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba mwina ndiye mahomoni odziwika kwambiri. Pafupifupi mwana aliyense wamsukulu amadziwa kuti ndi insulin yotsitsidwa, shuga ya magazi imachuluka ndipo matenda amtundu 1 amayamba.

Kuwonjezeka kwamankhwala a insulin kungakhalenso chizindikiro choyambirira cha matenda ashuga, pamene kapamba ivomereza kuyamwa bwino kwa timadzi ndi minofu ngati kusowa kwake kokwanira, ndikuyamba kuibweretsa ngakhale yochulukirapo - Umu ndi momwe mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umawonekera.

Chithandizo cha matenda omwe amadza ndi kuperewera kapena kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi osiyana, ndipo zimatengera chifukwa chake:

Ndi kusowa kwa mahomoni, insulin mankhwala imayikidwa.
Ndi katulutsidwe kwambiri ka insulini komanso kuchepa kwa minyewa, mankhwalawa omwe amachepetsa kukokana ndi insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira: kuphwanya kupanga insulin mwa iko kokha si chiganizo, koma nthawi yoti mutembenukire kwa endocrinologist kuti mupeze thandizo loyenerera ndikusintha zizolowezi zanu kuti mukhale athanzi. Ndizosavomerezeka kudzilingalira nokha ndikumayesa mankhwala ndi mankhwalawa - dokotala amayenera kukupatsani mankhwala onse malinga ndi mbiri yakale yazachipatala ndi mawonekedwe a boma laumoyo.

Zizindikiro zofananazi zimatha kukhalanso pamaso pa matenda ena, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti mukayezetsa mayeso apadera azachipatala, chekeni. kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi.

Insulin yothamanga kwambiri ikuwonetsa:

Matenda a Cushing
acromegaly
mtundu 2 shuga
kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali corticosteroids, kulera kwapakamwa komanso mankhwala a Levodopa.

Kuphatikiza apo, imapezeka mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi fructose ndi galactose tsankho.

Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni awa kumapangitsa kuti pakhale hypoglycemia, yomwe imadziwika ndi chipatala chotsatira: chizungulire, kukhumudwa, thukuta kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mtima, komanso kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe.Kuperewera kwa glucose kumatha kupweteketsa thupi kenako kufa.

Kulowetsedwa m'munsi mwa insulin yolimbitsa thupi kumawonedwa mu mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kuperewera kwa pituitary, kutupa kwa kapamba.

Pansi pa insulin yokhazikika

Insulin yotsika imayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa ndende yamagazi. Maselo amakhala ndi njala chifukwa salandira shuga pazofunikira. Njira za metabolism zimasokonekera, glycogen imasiya kuyikika m'chiwindi ndi minofu.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kukakamiza pafupipafupi kukodza, ludzu losatha, kutopa, kufooka, kusachedwa, nkhawa, kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro, njala yadzidzidzi imawonedwa. Ngati mukukayikira chithandizo, kuperewera kwa mahomoni kumapangitsa kukulitsa mtundu wa 1 wodwala matenda a insulin.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi zitha kukhala:

kupsinjika ndi ma psycho okhumudwa ndi maganizidwe,
magwiridwe antchito a hypothalamus ndi pituitary gland,
matenda opatsirana kapena osachiritsika
shuga wosadalira insulin, chikomokere,
kudya zakudya zopanda pake, kudya kwambiri,
kumangokhala
kuyesetsa kwakanthawi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, makamaka pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Mlingo wa mahomoniwo ungabwezeretsedwe ngati mukuzindikira kusowa kwake. Izi zithandiza kufufuza zasayansi. Wodwala ayenera kutsatira zakudya, choyamba, kuchepetsa kumwa kwa ufa wa zinthu ndi shuga. Ndikofunikanso kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.

Chofunikira chotsatira ndi jakisoni wa kukonzekera kwa insulin. Zotsatira zake ndizofanana ndi insulin yachilengedwe yopangidwa m'thupi. Amasiyana wina ndi mzake motalikirana komanso nthawi yayitali, yapakati komanso yochepa.

Zosafunikanso kwambiri pakuzindikiritsa izi ndi mankhwala omwe amachepetsa mitsempha yamagazi ndikubwezeretsa maselo a pancreatic.

Zotsatira zochepetsedwa

Ngati insulini ili m'munsi mwa muyeso wovomerezeka, izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha:

mtundu 1 shuga
kusowa kwanyimbo,
hypodynamia
matenda opatsirana
kuphwanya kapangidwe ka timadzi ta pancreatic chifukwa cha kutupa, mapangidwe a chotupa,
kudya zakudya zamatumbo mwachangu.

Kuperewera kwa mahormone kumapangitsa kudumpha kowopsa mu glucose mmwamba. Kulowa kwake m'maselo kumasokonekera, kukhazikika m'magazi. Zotsatira zake ndi kukula kwa hyperglycemia.

Hyperglycemia imawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro:

ludzu lalikulu
nkhawa
kusakhazikika
mwachangu,
khungu louma komanso mucous nembanemba.

Kukhazikika kwa insulin

Ngati bambo ali ndi vuto la kapangidwe ka insulin, muyenera kufufuza kaye kokwanira ndikuwona zifukwa zake. Ngati kupezeka kwa chotupa (mwachitsanzo, insulinoma) wapezeka, chithandizo cha opaleshoni chikulimbikitsidwa, chomwe chingathandize kuthana ndi vutoli komanso kufalitsa kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni.

Matenda a shuga akapezeka, kutsimikizika kwakukulu kuyenera kukhala pakukonzanso zakudya. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti shuga azikhala ndi chakudya chambiri, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti insulini ikhale yachilendo. Amuna amafunikira kuchepetsa zakudya zamtengo wapatali, zakudya zamafuta, maswiti, okazinga, osuta. Chofunika kwambiri chikhale pamasamba atsopano, chimanga, zipatso. Kuchokera muzakudya zama protein, nkhuku zodala, ng'ombe, ndi nsomba ndizofunikira. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuganizira kuchuluka kwa zakudya za glycemic asanagwiritse ntchito kuti azitha kudya kwambiri.

Kanema wonena za malire a momwe insulin imakhalira, komanso njira zowongolera kuchuluka kwa timadzi tokwera kwambiri.

Kuzindikira ndi chizolowezi molingana ndi zaka

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zoyenera, muyenera kutsatira malamulo pokonzekera kuwunikaku

Kuzindikira za insulin nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi adokotala, koma ndizotheka kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi, komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga, popanda kutsimikizira, kupewa. Monga lamulo, kusinthasintha pamlingo wa mahomoniwa kumawonekera komanso kumva.Munthu amawona zizindikilo zosiyanasiyana zosasangalatsa ndi zizindikilo zakulephera kugwira bwino ntchito kwamkati.

Muyezo wa mahomoni m'magazi a akazi ndi ana kuyambira 3 mpaka 20-25 μU / ml.
Mwa amuna, mpaka 25 mcU / ml.
Panthawi yapakati, minofu ndi maselo amthupi amafunika mphamvu zambiri, shuga ochulukirapo amalowa m'thupi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mulingo wa insulin ukuwonjezeka. Zomwe zimachitika mwa amayi apakati zimawerengedwa kuti ndi 6-27 mkU / ml.
Mwa anthu achikulire, chizindikiro ichi nthawi zambiri chimakulitsidwa. A pathology amatengedwa ngati chizindikiro pansipa 3 ndi pamwamba pa 35 μU / ml.

Mulingo wa mahomoni amasinthasintha m'magazi tsiku lonse, ndipo umatanthauzanso za anthu odwala matenda ashuga, popeza kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumadalira gawo la matenda, chithandizo, mtundu wa matenda ashuga.

Monga lamulo, kwa odwala matenda ashuga, kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga kumatengedwa, kutsimikiza kwa insulin m'magazi kumafunikira pazovuta zazikulu za matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi zovuta komanso zovuta zina za mahomoni.

Malamulo a kuthana ndi magazi a insulin mu seramu samasiyana ndi malamulo akukonzekera:

Kusanthula kumaperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Asanalembedwe magazi, sibwino kudya, kumwa, kusuta, kutsuka mano, kapena kutsuka pakamwa. Mutha kumwa madzi oyera popanda mafuta ola limodzi musanawonetsetse, koma chakudya chomaliza sichikhala pasanathe maola 8 magazi asanafike.
Mukamayesedwa, wodwala sayenera kumwa mankhwala aliwonse. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita kusanthula masabata angapo atatha kumwa mankhwala onse. Ngati ndizosatheka kusiya mankhwalawa pazifukwa zaumoyo, mndandanda wonse wa mankhwala ndi Mlingo umaphatikizidwa pakuwunikira.
Tsiku limodzi kapena awiri asanafike ku labotale, ndikulimbikitsidwa kukana chakudya "choyipa" (chokazinga kwambiri, zonunkhira kwambiri, nyama yamafuta, zakudya zamchere kwambiri), zonunkhira, mowa, kudya mwachangu, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi za kaboni.
Ndikofunika kupewa kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi kwam'mawa tsiku lotsatira la mayeso. Musanapereke magazi, muyenera kupuma kwa mphindi 10.

Madzi aakulu a insulini

Insulin yochulukirapo imatha kuwonedwa mutatha kudya, koma ngakhale zili choncho, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kuyenera kukhala mkati mwazidziwitso. Mlingo wambiri wa insulin umabweretsa zotsatira zosasinthika, umasokoneza ntchito yonse yofunika mthupi.

Zizindikiro za insulin yowonjezereka imaphatikizidwa ndi mseru panthawi yanjala, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa chakudya, kukomoka, kunjenjemera, thukuta, ndi tachycardia.

Mikhalidwe yokhudza thupi (kutenga pakati, kudya, zochita zolimbitsa thupi) kumayambitsa kukwera pang'ono kwa mahomoni. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa pathological mwa chisonyezo ichi ndimatenda akuluakulu osiyanasiyana:

Insulinoma. Insulinoma nthawi zambiri imakhala yotupa pachilumba cha Langerhans. Chotupacho chimapangitsa kupangika kwa insulin ndipo kumabweretsa hypoglycemia. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino. Chotupa amachichotsa opaleshoni, kenako pafupifupi 80% ya odwala atachira kwathunthu.
Type 2 shuga. Matenda a 2 a shuga amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi, koma sikuthandiza mayamwidwe a shuga. Mtunduwu wa shuga umatchedwa osadalira insulini. Zimachitika chifukwa cha chibadwa kapena kunenepa kwambiri.
Acromegaly. Matendawa amatchedwanso gigantism. Gland yamkati imayamba kupanga kuchuluka kwakukula kwa mahomoni, kukula kwa mahomoni. Pa chifukwa chomwechi, kupanga mahomoni ena, monga insulin, kumatheka.
Cushing's Syndrome. Ndi matenda amenewa, kuchuluka kwa glucocorticoids m'magazi kumakwera. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Cushing ali ndi mavuto onenepa kwambiri, mafuta mu goiter, matenda osiyanasiyana a pakhungu, matenda oopsa, kufooka kwa minofu.
Polycystic ovary. Mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi polycystic ovary, kusokonezeka kwakulu kwa mahomoni kumawonedwa, ndikupangitsa, mwa ena, kukwera kwamisempha ya magazi.

Kuchuluka kwa insulini kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, ndipo nthawi zina kumakhala ndi khansa, chifukwa insulin imapangitsa kukula kwa maselo, kuphatikizapo maselo a chotupa.

Madzi a insulin adatsitsidwa

Kupatuka ku chizolowezi cha insulin kumatha kuwonetsa kukula kwamatenda akulu mthupi

Kuperewera kwa insulin kumapangitsa kuti shuga awonjezeke komanso kuchepa kwa kulowa kwake m'maselo. Zotsatira zake, minofu ya mthupi imayamba kufa ndi njala chifukwa chosowa shuga. Anthu omwe ali ndi insulin yotsika kwambiri adakulitsa ludzu, kumenyedwa koopsa ndi njala, kusakwiya, komanso kuyamwa pafupipafupi.

Kuperewera kwa insulini m'thupi kumawonedwa motere:

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga. Nthawi zambiri, matenda amtundu wa 1 amayamba chifukwa cha chibadwidwe chamtsogolo, chifukwa chomwe kapamba sangathe kuthana ndi mahomoni. Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ali pachimake ndipo zimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo awonongeke mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi njala yayikulu komanso ludzu, osalolera kufa ndi njala, koma musanenepa. Amakhala ndi zoopsa, kutopa, kupuma movutikira. Mtundu uwu wa matenda osokoneza bongo sugwirizana ndi zaka ndipo nthawi zambiri umawonekera ubwana.
Kuzunza. Kusowa kwa insulin kumatha kupezeka mwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi maswiti. Kudya kosayenera kungayambitsenso matenda a shuga.
Matenda opatsirana. Matenda ena osachiritsika komanso opweteka kwambiri amachititsa kuti ziwonetsero zazing'onoting'ono za ku Langerhans komanso kufa kwa maselo a beta omwe ali ndi vuto lopanga insulin. Thupi limakhala loperewera mu mahomoni, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana.
Kutopa kwamtundu ndi thupi. Ndi kupsinjika kosalekeza komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumatha, ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatha kutsika.

Zambiri za insulin zimapezeka mu kanema:

Mwambiri, ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga omwe umayambitsa kuperewera kwa mahomoni. Nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala zowopsa pamoyo wamunthu. Zotsatira zamtunduwu wa shuga zimaphatikizapo hypoglycemia (kugwa kowopsa komanso kowopsa m'magazi am'magazi), komwe kumatha kubweretsa kuphwanya kwakumaso ndi kufa, ketoacidosis (kuchuluka kwa magazi m'zinthu zama metabolic ndi matupi a ketone), zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa ziwalo zonse zofunika za thupi .

Popeza matendawa amatenga nthawi yayitali, mavuto enanso amatha kuchitika pakapita nthawi, monga matenda am'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba ndi zotupa m'miyendo, kulephera kwa impso, zilonda zam'mimba, kufooka miyendo, komanso kupweteka kosalekeza.

Mawonekedwe a mahormone

Mu thupi lathanzi, glucose imatengedwa ndi minofu ndi mafupa am'magazi, ndikupanga zinthu zatsopano za shuga m'chiwindi zimayima. Horm imakhudzanso kupanga kwamasitolo a glycogen m'maselo a thupi, imathandizira kupulumutsa mphamvu, kudziunjikira ngati mawonekedwe amafuta. Kuti muthane ndi njirazi, ndikofunikira kusunga insulin mthupi.

Ngati ntchito ya kapamba sichimalephera, ndiye kuti imapanga kuchuluka kwa insulini yofunikira pakulimba kwa chamoyo chonse. Pambuyo pa kudya, misempha ya insulin nthawi zambiri imakwezedwa, koma samatengedwa ngati mkhalidwe wam'magazi, chifukwa izi zimachitika pakudya kwa michere yomwe imafunika kukonzedwa ndikuchotsedwa kwa iwo zomwe ndizofunikira kuti ziwalo zonse zizigwira ntchito. Kupititsa patsogolo kutulutsa kwa insulin ndi njira yofunikira yopanga kuchuluka kwamahomoni ofunikira kuti mufufuze chakudya.

Muzochitika zomwe insulin singapange mokwanira, mtundu wa 1 shuga umachitika. Ndi matenda awa, kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta a ndulu momwe insulin imapangidwira amapezeka.Zotsatira zake, thupi silingatengere moyenera mafuta obwera. Kuti athandizidwe ndi thupi, munthu ayenera kulandira insulin kuchokera kunja.

Ngati mulingo wa insulin ndi wabwinobwino, koma mtundu wake umakhala wopanda pake, ndiye kuti matenda amtundu wachiwiri amachitika. Ndi matenda awa, mahomoni samalumikizana ndi maselo amthupi. Pankhani ya kuphwanya izi, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza kudzutsa insulini kuti ichite bwino.

Mulingo wokwera

Ngati magazi a insulin ndi abwinobwino, ndiye kuti thupi limagwira ntchito mokhazikika, popanda zolephera. Koma ngati mulingo wachulukitsidwa, ndiye kuti izi zitha kunena za matenda osiyanasiyana:

Insulinoma. Pathology imadziwika ndi kupanga mosalamulira kwa mahomoni. Chifukwa cha neoplasm, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumakwera, ndipo kuchuluka kwa glucose kosala kumachepetsedwa. Kuti adziwe matenda, kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi insulin amawerengedwa malinga ndi njira zina.
Gawo loyamba la matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin. Pambuyo pake, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumayamba kukwera, ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulin kumayamba kutsika.
Kunenepa kwambiri Poyamba, chomwe chimayambitsa kunenepa sikukuphwanya kuchuluka kwa insulin. Pakachitika vuto, kulakalaka kumayamba kuchuluka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulin kumakulirakulira. Magawo akuluakulu amakhala chakudya, chakudya chimawonjezeka, ndipo chakudya chimasanduka mafuta.
Matenda a chiwindi.
Acromegaly.
Minyewa ya dystrophy ndi ma pathologies ena.

Kudziwa ndi kofunikira

Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi, muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi a akazi ndi amuna. Koma musanaweruze za matenda omwe angakhalepo, ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe timadzi timene timayang'anira komanso kuona ubale wake ndi shuga.

Kuti izi zitheke, kuyezetsa shuga kumapangitsa kuti insulin ipange. Zimakupatsani mwayi wofufuza matenda am'mbuyomu omwe ali ndi vuto la shuga, zovuta zamafuta opatsirana mwa ma cell a beta a kapamba.

Pozindikira, poyeserera kapena pakulimbana ndi njala mumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chofunikira chake ndi kuyeza shuga ndi insulin. Pambuyo pake, wodwalayo amakhala ndi malire pakumwa madzi ndi chakudya. Pakati pazoletsa, insulin ndi shuga zimayesedwa.

Kuyesa

Zochita za kapamba pakuyamba kudya, zakumwa, ndi katundu nthawi zonse zimakhala chimodzimodzi - kupanga kwa mahomoni kumawonjezeka. Chifukwa cha izi, chakudya chomaliza sichikhala mochedwa kuposa maola 12 mayeso asanachitike.

Ola limodzi magazi asanafike ayenera kusiya kumwa. Nthawi iyi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwamtendere.

Nthawi zonse mu akazi

Mwa abambo ndi amayi, gawo la insulin limafanana zaka, ngakhale pali zovuta zochepa zomwe zimachitika mosiyanasiyana.

Mu nthawi imeneyi pamene kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi kumakwera, kupanga kwa insulini kumayamba. Kuphulika komweku kumawonedwa nthawi yakutha, kukalamba, nthawi yapakati.

Malangizo a insulin mwa akazi ndi awa:

Mwa azimayi azaka 25 mpaka 50 - 3-25 mked / l.
Pa nthawi yoyembekezera - 6-27 mked / l.
Amayi azaka zopitilira 60 - 6-35 mked / l.

Ndi zaka, pali kuwonjezeka kwa chizolowezi cha insulin m'magazi.

Nthawi zambiri amuna

Mu kugonana kwamphamvu, ndi ukalamba, kusintha kwa zisonyezo za insulin kumachitikanso. Kuchulukitsa kwa amuna achikulire, koma izi sizitengedwa ngati matenda. Kupanda kutero, dokotalayo atha kukuwuzani kuti chimbudzi chikuyenda bwino.

Nthawi zambiri, mwa amuna azaka 25 mpaka 50, ndolo ya insulin iyenera kukhala kuyambira 3 mpaka 25 mced / l, paukalamba - kuyambira 6 mpaka 35 mced / l. Thupi la okalamba limafunikira mphamvu zowonjezera, kotero patatha zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi limapanga insulini yambiri, nthawi zina amadzazipangulitsa kuposa 35 mked / l.

Nthawi zambiri ana

Gulu lapadera limaphatikizapo ana, achinyamata. Samafunikira mphamvu zowonjezera, chifukwa chake amapanga insulin pansipa ya munthu wamkulu. Nthawi yakutha msanga, zizindikiro zimasintha kwambiri.Poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa maopaleshoni ambiri a mahomoni, Zizindikiro zake zimakhala zazikulupo kuposa za akuluakulu.

Nthawi zambiri, mwa ana osakwana zaka 14, insulin m'magazi imakhala kuyambira 3 mpaka 20 mked / l, ndipo azaka za 14 mpaka 25 - 6-25 mked / l.

Ndi kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni mkati mwa malire abwinobwino, amakhulupirira kuti munthuyo ali ndi thanzi. Ngati mulingo wa mahomoni ndiwokwera kuposa zizindikirozi, kukhazikitsa kwa ma pathologies a kupuma kwapadera komanso kusintha kwina kumawonedwa. Njira izi sizisintha.

Osati chidziwitso cha kapamba, komanso nkhawa, kupsinjika kwakuthupi kungakhudze kuchuluka kwa chinthu. Pamitengo yotsika, thupi limayesetsa kuyankhula za kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Zochitika zonsezi zingathenso kunena za matenda ashuga.

Momwe mungadziwire mulingo

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa insulini, kuwunika ndikofunikira. Pali njira ziwiri zodziwira chizindikiro: kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoyeserera ndikupereka magazi. Poyambirira, zotsatira zimapezeka nthawi yomweyo. Koma popanga matenda, sikuti ndi njira ziwiri zokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma njira zina zoyeserera zasayansi ndi zina.

Katundu wamba

Kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa kupanga kwa insulini, kuchuluka kwake komanso mtundu wake, kuyesedwa kumachitika kuti mupeze pambuyo podzaza insulin. Kukonzekera kuyezetsa kumatsikira pakukana kudya kapena kumwa maola asanu ndi atatu asanakudziwe. Muyeneranso kupewa kusuta, kuledzera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kuyesaku kumakhudza kukhazikitsidwa kwa shuga m'thupi la wodwalayo kudzera pakamwa. Akuluakulu amapatsidwa 75 ml kumwa, ndi 50 ml ya ana. Pambuyo potenga yankho mkati, njira zopangira insulin zimayendetsedwa ndi thupi. Zotsatira zakumapeto zimayang'ana kuti kusokoneza shuga akubwera. Magazi amatengedwa maola awiri mutatha kudya shuga. Nthawi imeneyi, simungasute, kumwa, kudya.

Iwo omwe misempha ya insulin yake imakwezedwa, koma samawoneka kuti ndi a m'magazi, samatulutsa timadzi tambiri kapena osakhala abwino, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zomwe zili ndi mafuta ochepa. Kuti muchite izi, siyani muffin, muziyang'ana zamphesa, masamba ndi zipatso, tiyi, compotes. Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa zotsekemera, ndikuzisintha ndi zipatso zouma ndi zipatso. Kuchokera ku nyama, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mitundu yamafuta ochepa, nkhuku. Mukawunika zakudya, mutha kukhalabe ndi mahomoni ambiri pazaka zambiri.

Zizindikiro mwa munthu wathanzi

Hemeni insulin imayang'anira kagayidwe kazakudya. Zimagwira motere - mutatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumawonjezeka kwambiri limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga. Ndiye kuti, ndi kuchuluka kowonjezera kwa glucose, ndende ya insulin imakulanso.

Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumawonjezeka. Izi zimafunikira kuti athe kuyamwa bwino zakudya zomwe zapezeka ndikuyendetsa shuga m'maselo a thupi. Chifukwa cha njirayi, zinthu zofunikira monga glucose, potaziyamu, zidulo zofunika komanso zosafunikira zimaperekedwa kwa munthu.

Anthu athanzi, pakakhala zovuta, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro kuchokera 3 mpaka 26 μU pa millilita,
Mu mwana, zosankha zenizeni zimawonedwa pamlingo wa insulin wa 3 mpaka 19 μU pa millilita, womwe ndi wocheperako kuposa wachikulire,
Pa nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati, azimayi amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri, motero, zizindikiro kuchokera ku 6 mpaka 28 mcU pa millilita zimawoneka ngati zabwinobwino.
Kuphatikiza ziwerengero zosiyana pang'ono zitha kukhala mwa anthu okalamba, pankhani iyi, zachilengedwe zimachokera pa 6 mpaka 35 mkU pa millilita.

Kupewa ndi malingaliro

Njira yabwii ndikusunga insulin yokwanira.

Izi zimafuna izi:

tsatirani zakudya zina, zomwe mumazidya shuga wambiri.
onjezerani kuchuluka kwa zakudya patsiku, ndikuchepetsa zopatsa mphamvu patsiku limodzi,
lekani zizolowezi zoyipa (zakumwa ndi kusuta) zomwe zimawononga kapamba,
zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi
tchera khutu poyenda mumweya watsopano.

Kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi sikuyenera kupitilira muyeso ina. Ngati pali zizindikiro za kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa mahomoni, muyenera kufunsa dokotala kuti muwadziwitse.

Ngati mayesowa atsimikizira kuti insulini imapitirira zikhalidwe, ndiye muyenera kufunsa dokotala za njira zobwezera. Kutsatira malangizo a dotolo, komanso malingaliro oyendetsera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, mutha kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha kusintha kwakukuru m'thupi m'thupi.

Matenda a shuga nthawi zonse amayambitsa zovuta zakupha. Mwazi wamagazi ochulukirapo ndi woopsa kwambiri.

Aronova S.M. adafotokoza za chithandizo cha matenda ashuga. Werengani kwathunthu

Mulingo wa insulin m'magazi mwa amuna: kudziwa

Insulini ndiye mahomoni ofunikira kwambiri aanthu omwe amachititsa kuti shuga azigwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito. Kufunika kwa polypeptide yofunika kotereku kuli kuzungulira nthawi. Mlingo wa kukonza kwake m'thupi kumadalira thanzi la kapamba, komwe ndi malo okhawo omwe amaphatikizidwira.

Kupanga insulini yotsekemera ndi njira yowopsa m'moyo ndipo nthawi zambiri imafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala. Tiyeni tiwunikire kuti ndikofunikira kuti chiwerewere cholimba chikudziwa za insulin, chikhalidwe chiti chomwe chimavomerezeka kwa abambo komanso zomwe kupatuka kuzikhalidwe zomwe zimadziwika.

Chinsinsi chodabwitsa

Izi zapadera sizitchedwa mwangozi. Mbiri ya dzina lake idayamba mu 1869, wophunzira wa ku Germany, Paul Langerhans, powunika ma cell a pancreatic pansi pa makina oonera tinthu tating'ono, adawona kapangidwe kazinthu zazikulu kwambiri.

Anachita chidwi ndi kupezeka kwa timagulu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalumikizana m'tizungu tomwe timatchedwa Langerhans islets, ndi chinsinsi chawo chapadera: insulin, kuchokera ku liwu loti "insula" - chisumbu.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, kuphunzira kwawo mwachidwi kunayamba, ndipo pakadali pano ndi mahomoni ophunziridwa kwambiri ndi anthu. Mwa kapangidwe kake, ndimakina awiri a polypeptide okhala ndi zigawo 51 amino acid.

Chofunika kwambiri pakuphatikizidwa ndi insulin ya anthu ndi nkhumba, yomwe imadziwika ndi ulalo umodzi wokhawo wotsalira wa amino acid. M'malo mwa threonine, chopondera nkhumba chimakhala ndi alanine.

Zotsatira za timadzi timeneti pa metabolism yaumunthu zimachulukitsidwa, koma chofunikira kwambiri ndikusunga shuga wamagazi mthupi. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikutenga nawo gawo la kagayidwe kazakudya, ngakhale mwanjira zina zimakhudza mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi.

Adipose ndi minofu minofu ndizomwe zimadalira insulini kwambiri. Amapanga magawo awiri mwa magawo atatu a thupi lonse ndipo amagwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri:

Ntchito yamagalimoto.
Njira yopumira.
Magazi.

Chifukwa chake, minofu ndi adipose minofu imasunga mphamvu yotulutsidwa kuchokera ku chakudya, chomwe chimapangika mu myocyte (maselo am'misempha) ndi adipocytes (maselo amtundu wa adipose).

Ntchito yayikulu ya insulin ndikuchepetsa zomwe zili m'magazi (shuga) m'magazi, ndipo izi zimatheka chifukwa chokhoza kuchita ma enzyme angapo.

Chofunika kwambiri ndikusunga shuga wamagazi mthupi.

Kuphatikizika kwina kwa shuga m'magazi kumathandizidwa ndi masinthidwe ovuta a kusintha kwa chakudya ndipo umapezeka kudzera:

Kulimbikitsa shuga ndi maselo a thupi.
Kukhazikitsa kwa michere yayikulu ya glycolysis ndondomeko.
Kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa kapangidwe ka glycogen.

Njira zofunika bwanji zimathandizira

Nthawi zambiri, insulin imathandizira njira zofunika mthupi la amuna, monga:

Imagwira ntchito zofunika ma cell omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi mapuloteni. Zomwe zili bwino mu mahomoni m'magazi zimalimbikitsa kukula ndi kukonzanso kwa minofu minofu.
Imayendetsa ma enzymes omwe amayambitsa kapangidwe ka shuga - glycogen. Malo osungirako mphamvu amenewa, ngati pakufunika kutero, abwezeretsenso kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi.
Kusunga malire pakati pa kaphatikizidwe kazakudya ndi kuphwanya.
Amapereka khola lolowera mu ma cell a zinthu zofunika: chakudya, ma amino acid, potaziyamu, ndi zina zambiri.

Chizindikiro cha insulin m'magazi mwa amuna ndi 3.0-25.0 μU / ml. Kupatuka pamalire awa kumatha kuwonetsa kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, makamaka pamavuto a carbohydrate metabolism.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za mahomoni m'magazi a anthu nthawi zosiyanasiyana masana. Zotsatira zenizeni nthawi zonse zimatengera chakudya, chifukwa chake, manambala odalirika, kusanthula kwa insulin kumachitika nthawi zonse pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Chizindikiro cha insulin m'magazi mwa amuna ndi 3.0-25.0 μU / ml.

Kusiyana ndi makanda. Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi a ana pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya amakhalabe wokhazikika. Kudalira kwa magazi ake pazakudya kumapangidwa nthawi ya kutha.

Mwa munthu wathanzi, insulini sikhala yopitilira muyeso wamautchulidwe. Ngati kupatuka uku kumaonedwa, ndiye kuti akhoza kuwonetsa kukula kwa zovuta za metabolic, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matendawa.

Kupatuka koopsa

Kuchuluka kwa insulin m'mwazi mwa anthu kumadalira mwachindunji chakudya. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zodalirika, magazi amayenera kutengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, kuwunikira sikungakhale kolondola ndipo sikungalole kuzindikira mavuto mthupi. Kupatula apo, chakudya chilichonse chimayenda limodzi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa insulin m'magazi.

Kuti muchepetse zolakwika ndikuwona zomwe zili zenizeni m'magazi, muyenera kukonzekera kuyesedwa kwa labotale. Mwamuna ayenera kutsatira malamulowo:

Tsiku lisanafike phunzirolo, musamwe mankhwala omwe angasokoneze zotsatira zake. Glucocorticoids, adrenaline, caffeine, thiazine diuretics ndi antidepressants angakhudze kuchuluka kwa insulin.
Madzulo a kusanthula, malire, ndikuchotseratu kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chamadzulo ndi mowa madzulo.

Phunziroli limachitika m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu. Nthawi zina, mayeso ololera wa glucose amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amalola kuwunika kwathunthu kwa matenda a metabolic. Choyamba, magazi a wodwalayo amawunika pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti shuga yotsekemera imaperekedwa kuti amwe. Pambuyo maola awiri, misulansi ya insulin imatsimikizidwanso. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zoyenera, mwamunayo ayenera kudya zakudya zamafuta ochepa masiku atatu asanakudziwe.

Koposa zofananira

Kupatuka ku chizolowezi cha insulin kumtunda kumawonetsa mawonekedwe a bambo yemwe ali ndi mavuto ndi kagayidwe kazakudya. Ambiri a insulin atha kuchokera ku:

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri.
Kuthetsa nkhawa ndi kukhumudwa.
Kunenepa kwambiri.

Kuwonjezeka kwamankhwala a insulin mwa amuna kumatha kukhala zotsatira zakukula kwa pathologies zazikulu, kuphatikizapo:

Type 2 matenda a shuga.
Acromegaly.
Ischenko-Cushing's syndrome.
Insulinoma.
Zoyeserera za adrenal gland kapena kapamba.
Kuphwanya kwa pituitary England.

Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa insulini m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachepa, komwe kumalowetsedwa ndi vuto m'thupi.

Kuwonjezeka kwamankhwala a insulin kwa amuna kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe, kuphatikizapo kunjenjemera, thukuta limachulukirachulukira. Njala mwadzidzidzi, kusanza mseru, komanso kukomoka zimatha nthawi.

Pansi pazabwino

Kupanga insulin kosakwanira ndi kapamba kumabweretsa chisokonezo chachikulu cha kutuluka kwa glucose m'maselo ndipo, chifukwa chake, ukuwonjezeka kwake m'magazi. Mu zitsanzo zamagazi zomwe zimatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, kupatuka kumka kumbali yaying'ono kuchokera pazomwe zikutsimikiziridwa kapena pansi pa 3.0 μU / m ndizotsimikizika.

Zingayambitse insulin akusowa:

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kutopa kwamphamvu.
Matenda osachiritsika
Matenda owopsa.
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwakutali, makamaka pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Kuperewera kwa insulin m'thupi la munthu kumagwirizana ndi kuwonekera kwa zizindikiro za "insulin". Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayendetsedwa ndi ludzu lalikulu, kukodza pafupipafupi, kusakwiya, komanso kumva mwadzidzidzi njala.

Monga mukuwonera, chiwonetsero chazachipatala cha kupatuka kuzikhalidwe za insulin mmwamba ndi pansi ndizofanana kwambiri, kotero zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi njira zasayansi: kuyezetsa magazi kwa insulin. Ndikofunikira kuchita izi pamatumbo opanda kanthu, chifukwa tsiku lomaliza chakudya chovomerezeka, makamaka chakudya.

Mululin zambiri mwa akazi malinga ndi zaka

Insulin ndi mahomoni a protein omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba. Imakhala ndi chothandiza kwambiri pakapangidwe kazakudya zambiri m'thupi lathu. Chimodzi mwa ntchito zake zazikulu ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Chifukwa cha insulini, njira yogwiritsira ntchito shuga ndikupanga maselo am minofu imathandizira, kupanga maselo atsopano a shuga m'chiwindi kumalepheretsa. Zimapanga nkhokwe ya glycogen - mtundu wa glucose - m'maselo, zimathandizira pakusunga komanso kudziunjikira kwazinthu zina zamphamvu, monga mafuta, mapuloteni. Chifukwa cha insulin, kuchepa kwawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito sikulephereka.

Zikachitika kuti ntchito ya pancreatic singavulazidwe komanso ndulu ikuyenera, imatulutsa insulini yofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa thupi lonse. Mukatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumakwera, izi ndizofunikira pakukonzanso kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa mapuloteni obwera, mafuta ndi chakudya.

Kupanda insulin yokwanira, mtundu 1 wa shuga umachitika. Mu matendawa, maselo a pancreatic beta omwe amapanga insulin amawonongeka. Thupi silingafanane ndi chakudya chomwe chikubwera.

Kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino, wodwalayo amapatsidwa "insulin" chakudya asanadye. Kuchuluka komwe kumayenera kuthana ndi kukonzanso bwino kwa zakudya zomwe zikubwera. Pakati pa chakudya, insulin imathandizidwanso. Cholinga cha majekesowa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti thupi likugwira ntchito pakudya.

Nthawi yomwe insulin m'thupi imapangidwa molondola, koma mawonekedwe ake amakhala osalimba, matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri amapezeka. Ndi matenda amtunduwu, mtundu wa insulini umachepetsedwa, ndipo sungakhale ndi chidwi ndi maselo amthupi. M'malo mwake, mulibe nzeru mu insulin yotere. Satha kusintha shuga m'magazi. Ndi mtundu uwu, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokopa insulin kuti ichitepo kanthu.

Mlingo wa insulin m'mwazi wa amayi ndi abambo pamimba yopanda kanthu

Kusanthula kumeneku kumachitika m'mimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa, kuti zotsatira zake ziziwoneka bwino, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musadye osachepera maola 12 musanatenge magazi. Chifukwa chake, kuwunika kumeneku kumayikidwa m'mawa, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wokonzekera bwino magazi.

Tsiku loti lisanachitike, zakudya zamafuta onse, maswiti amachotsedwa pamakonzedwe a wodwala, mowa uyenera kupewedwanso. Kupanda kutero, zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa sizingafanane ndi zenizeni, zomwe zingapangitse njira yodziwira bwino matenda.

Kuphatikiza pakusintha menyu, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi moyo wopumula kwambiri musanafike pokonzanso - siyani masewera olimbikira, olimbikira ntchito, yesani kupewa zomwe zikukumana ndi mavuto. Kusiya kusuta tsiku lisanafike kusanthula sikungakhale kopusa.

Pambuyo pakugona, musanapereke magazi kuti muwoneke, simungadye kapena kumwa chilichonse kupatula madzi oyera okha. Magazi amatengedwa kuchokera pachala, nthawi zina, magazi a venous amatengedwa, komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Kuphatikiza pa kuyesedwa kwa magazi, madokotala nthawi zambiri amakupatsirani kuyesa kwa ziphuphu, zomwe zimathandiza kudziwa zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulini ipangidwe molakwika.

Zotsatira zitha kukhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi tebulo lomwe lili pamwambapa. Chifukwa chake chisonyezo chokhazikika kwa munthu wamkulu chizikhala magawo kuchokera pa 1.9 mpaka 23 mked / l. Kwa ana ochepera zaka 14, chizindikiro ichi chimatha kukhala pakati pa 2 mpaka 20 mcd / l. mwa amayi omwe ali ndiudindo, chizindikiro ichi chidzakhala chofanana ndi 6 mpaka 27 mked / l.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa insulin

Kuti mumvetsetse mwachangu komanso moyenera momwe thupi limatulutsira insulini, kuyezetsa kumachitika kuti mupeze timadzi tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa. Kukonzekera njira yodziwitsira matenda kumachitika chimodzimodzi monga momwe zinalili kale. Simungathe kudya osachepera maola 8, kusuta, kumwa mowa komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuyenera kusiyidwa.

Nthawi yonseyi, simungathe kupanga zochita zolimbitsa thupi, kusuta. Pambuyo maola awiri, magazi amatengedwa kuti awunikidwe, kuyeza mulingo wa insulin.

Pakupereka zitsanzo, wodwalayo amafunika kukhala wodekha, apo ayi zotsatira zake sizingakhale zolondola.
Pambuyo pa kusanthula koteroko, magawo otsatirawa amakhala zizizindikiro wamba: kwa munthu wamkulu, manambala amachokera pa 13 mpaka 15 mced / L, kwa mayi yemwe ali ndi mwana, ziwerengero kuyambira 16 mpaka 17 mced / L zidzakhala chizindikiro chokwanira, kwa ana ochepera zaka 14, manambala kuyambira 10 azikhala achizolowezi mpaka 11 mced / l.

Nthawi zina, kungakhale koyenera kuwunikira kawiri kuti muzindikire zomwe zili m'madzi a insulin. Kusanthula koyamba kumachitika m'mimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa, pambuyo pake wodwalayo amapatsidwa shuga kuti amwe ndipo patatha maola awiri kuyezetsa magazi kumabwerezedwa. Kusanthula kophatikizidwa kudzapereka chithunzithunzi chowonjezera cha zotsatira za insulin.

Kodi kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatha bwanji?

Pambuyo podya, mapuloteni, mafuta ndi zakudya zimaloŵa m'thupi, kapamba amayamba kupanga mwachangu mahomoni kuti athe kunyamula mitundu yonseyi. Ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumawonjezeka kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kudziwa molondola kuchuluka kwa insulin mthupi la munthu mutatha kudya. Chakudya chikakonzedwa, zinthu za insulini zimayamba kukhala zabwinobwino.

Momwe mungakhalire wabwinobwino

Kwa anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto ndi kupanga bwino kwa insulini, zakudya zamafuta ochepa ndizofunikira. Kusunga shuga wabwinobwino, motero insulin, ndizovuta, koma ndizotheka.

Ndikofunikira kusiya batala kuphika ndi sinamoni ndikuyang'ana zamasamba, chimanga, zipatso zosakanizidwa, tiyi. Kuchuluka kwa lokoma kuyenera kuwongoleredwa momveka bwino ndipo kumakhala koyenera kusintha m'malo mwazipatso zosapsa ndi zipatso zouma. Kuyambira nyama ndibwino kukonda ng'ombe ndi nyama ina yopendekera.

Ngati milingo yanu ya insulin ikukwera kapena kutsika

Ndi kuchuluka kwadzaoneni m'magazi, zizindikilo zimatha kuwoneka ngati kunjenjemera m'manja, thukuta kwambiri, kumenyedwa kwamanjala, kukhumudwa pamtima, kugunda mseru, komanso kukomoka.

Madzi a insulin apamwamba amatha chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo zomwe ziyenera kulingaliridwa. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zimangovutitsa nthawi zonse m'malo olimbitsa thupi kapena malo ena aliwonse zimapangitsa kusintha pazotsatira za phunziroli.

Komanso, zoterezi zimatha kuyambitsa zokumana nazo zovuta komanso zovuta zina.Zochitika zina za biliary kapena chiwindi zimatha kubweretsanso kuphwanya. Mlingo wa insulini m'magazi umatha kupitirira kuposa momwe munthu wamwa mankhwala aliwonse a mahomoni.

Pathogenic neoplasms, matenda a kuchepa kwa mitsempha, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda a Cushing, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni okula, kusachita bwino kwa gland, polycystic ovary syndrome, kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, zotupa za benign mu gland ya adrenal, matenda a pancreatic amatha kupotoza chidziwitso.

Chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zowonjezeka kwa insulin m'magazi ndikutukuka kwa matenda ashuga.

Ngati zotsatira za phunzirolo zikuwonetsa kuchepa, izi zitha kuwonetsa zotsatirazi:

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga
Munthu amakhala moyo wongokhala, womwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi amuna,
Pali kuphwanya magwiridwe antchito a pineal gland,
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri thupi, makamaka pamimba yopanda kanthu,
Tsiku lililonse, wodwala amamwa maswiti ndi ufa,
Chifukwa chake chikhoza kubisala pamavuto amanjenje,
Wodwala ali ndi matenda opatsirana omwe akhala akucheperachepera m'chilengedwe.

Mayeso a Insulin Resistance

Poyesa kuchuluka kwa insulin, kuyesedwa kwapadera kumatchedwa Insulin Resistance Index. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zoyenera za phunzirolo, wodwalayo amadzilimbitsa usiku kuti azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopambanitsa kapena kuchita zina zolimbitsa thupi.

Lingaliro lotere monga insulin kukaniza ndikuphwanya kwachilengedwe kwa ziwalo zamkati kupita ku insulin yolandiridwa kudzera mu jakisoni kapena wopangidwa mwachilengedwe mthupi.

Kuti muchite kuyesa ndikupeza chidziwitso chofunikira, insulin imalowetsedwa m'thupi la munthu pamimba yopanda kanthu. Mlingo amawerengedwa pamlingo wa mayunitsi 0,1 pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera kwa thupi.

Pambuyo paziwitsidwa, masekondi 60 aliwonse kwa mphindi 15 amayesa shuga m'thupi ndi kuyesedwa kwakanthawi. Mwanjira ina, shuga amayeza mphindi zisanu zilizonse kwa mphindi 40.

Ngati kuyezetsa kwakutali kumachitika, shuga wamagazi amayeza mphindi khumi zilizonse kwa ola limodzi. Phunziro lotere limachitika kwa odwala onse, kuphatikiza amuna, akazi, ana.

Zotsatirazi zitha kunenanso za kukhalapo kwa insulini kukaniza matenda:

Wodwala amakhala ndi mafuta owopsa m'mimba kapena m'matumbo, kapena munthu amayamba kunenepa kwambiri,
Mukamasanthula, mapuloteni owonjezera amapezeka mumkodzo,
Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa munthu kumakulitsidwa pafupipafupi,
Triglycerides ndi cholesterol yoyipa imaposa.

Chizindikiro chodziwika kwambiri mwa amuna ndi akazi ndi kuyika mafuta m'mimba ndi m'chiuno. Ngati mukudziwa cholozera chanu chotsutsa insulini, izi zikuthandizani kuzindikira zovuta zaumoyo munthawi ndikuyamba chithandizo chofunikira munthawi yake.

Madokotala amalimbikitsa anthu onse azaka zopitilira 40 kuti ayesedwe kuti adziwe index ya insulin. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa abambo, popeza ali ndi chibadwa chokhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri pamimba. Kuphatikiza apo, pakadali pano, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi.

Zambiri pazakufufuza kwamisempha ya m'magazi zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

Magazi a insulin abwinobwino - okwera komanso otsika mtengo