Malangizo kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga

Popeza ndikofunikira kuti odwala matenda ashuga adziwe momwe angadzithandizire, dokotala amapereka malangizo. Malangizo olondola pakuwongolera odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amaphatikizapo chitsogozo pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi ndikupereka chithandizo choyamba kwa odwala. Buku lotsogolera likuyenera kufotokozera wodwalayo matenda oyambira, zomwe zimapezeka komanso momwe angaperekere chithandizo chadzidzidzi.

ZOFUNIKA KUDZIWA! Ngakhale odwala matenda ashuga kwambiri amatha kuchiritsidwa kunyumba, popanda opaleshoni kapena zipatala. Ingowerenga zomwe Marina Vladimirovna akunena. werengani zonena zake.

Diagnostic Algorithm

Wodwala amayenera kuwunika glycemia tsiku lililonse, osachepera kanayi pa tsiku. Pereka magazi osachepera 1 pa kotala lililonse kuti mupeze hemoglobin wa glycated. Pakupita miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, mudzafunika kuyesa magazi ndi mkodzo wa shuga. Kamodzi pachaka, wodwalayo amapereka magazi kuti apange biochemistry.

Shuga amachepetsedwa nthawi yomweyo! Matenda a shuga m'kupita kwa nthawi angayambitse matenda ambiri, monga mavuto amawonedwe, khungu ndi tsitsi, zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba komanso matenda otupa! Anthu amaphunzitsa zinzake zowawa kuti azisintha shuga. werengani.

Maupangiri a matenda ashuga amtunduwu amagwirizana ndi malangizo a WHO. Kafukufuku wa WHO adawonetsa kuti matenda ashuga si amtundu wokha, komanso chodabwitsa chapadziko lonse lapansi. Bungweli lakhazikitsa malangizo othandizira odwala matenda amtundu wa matenda a shuga 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 paumoyo wawo. Malangizowa amapereka njira zoyenera zodziwira matenda ashuga komanso kupereka thandizo kwa odwala. Mu 2017, gulu logwira ntchito la asing'anga linapanga kope la 8 la "Algorithms la chithandizo chapadera chazachipatala kwa odwala matenda ashuga."

Ndi matenda omwe apezeka, anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira malangizo a madokotala. M'pofunika kuchepetsa kulumpha mu kuthamanga kwa magazi. Algorithm yodziwitsa amatanthauza kukhazikika kwa odwala matenda ashuga moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Dokotala atha kukupatsirani mankhwala. Kuti mupeze matenda olondola, muyenera kuyesedwa. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amafunika kuwunika kwa peritoneum, kuwongolera magazi kwa a Holter. Ndikofunika kuti wodwalayo azitha kukaonana ndi ophthalmologist, cardiologist, gynecologist kapena urologist, neurologist ndi geneticist (ngati pali zovuta zina).

Zakudya za Matenda A shuga

Lamulo lalikulu sikuti muzilumpha kudya ndi kudya pang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri (nthawi 5-6 patsiku). Masiku okusala a shuga amafunika. Kwa odwala omwe amadalira insulin, ndikofunikira kuti mulingo wa insulin ukhale wokhazikika. Wodwala amafunika kupatula zakudya zomwe zili ndi shuga mu zakudya. Pankhani yokhala ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, amatsata zakudya zapadera - tebulo Na. 9. Chakudya choterocho chimalola kukula kwa shuga m'magazi.

Samalani kuchuluka kwa mafuta, mapuloteni komanso chakudya chamagulu menyu. Chakudya chopatsa thanzi sichikhala choposa 60% cha zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa, ndipo mapuloteni ndi mafuta sayenera kukhala oposa 20%. Wodwalayo samasiyanitsidwa ndi mafuta a nyama ndi zakudya zosavuta zamagulu. Mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, chakudyacho chimatha kusenda. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakonda zakudya monga chimanga (buckwheat, mpunga, tirigu), masamba ndi zipatso zopanda shuga.

M'malo mwa shuga, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito shuga mmalo - xylitol ndi sorbitol, saccharin kapena fructose. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amawerengetsa zakudya zopatsa mphamvu ndikusunga diary ya chakudya. Mukatha kudya, wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kumwa insulin pambuyo mphindi 15. Type 1 shuga mellitus imakupatsani mwayi woti nthawi zina mumamwa 100-150 g owuma kapena vinyo wa patebulo (osaposa 5% mphamvu). Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, mowa umapindika. Zogulitsa zapadera za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zimagulidwa m'misika.

Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga - zotsekemera, maswiti, m'malo mwa mkaka - ndizoyenera kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse. Amakulolani kuti musiyanitse mndandanda wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga.

Njira yodwala matenda ashuga

Mayendedwe amtundu wa shuga wachiwiri akuphatikizanso kutsatidwa kwa odwala. Ma regimenti a tsiku ndi tsiku amakulolani kuti muzisonkhanitsidwa, osati kudya kwambiri komanso kukhala olimbitsa thupi tsiku lonse. Dzuka ndipo ukagone nthawi yomweyo. Chakudya chimawerengeredwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi pakati pawo. Wodwala matenda a shuga sangathe kuvutika m'maganizo komanso m'thupi. M'mawa, ndikofunikira kuti mupumule kapena kuyendera masewera olimbitsa thupi. Masana, makamaka masiku asanagone, ndikofunikira kuyenda, kupuma mpweya wabwino. Kuwona regimen, wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino womwe umakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi njira yodziwika ndi moyo wathanzi ndipo sizosiyana.

Nsapato za odwala matenda ashuga

Type 2 Diabetes Guide imati thanzi la munthu wodwala matenda ashuga limadalira kusankha nsapato. Nsapato zolimbikitsa ziyenera kuvalidwa. Popeza wodwala wodwala matenda a shuga ali ndi miyendo - malo ofooka, nsapato zolimba zimawonjezera chiopsezo kumadera akumunsi. Mapazi amayenera kutetezedwa, chifukwa pali mathero amitsempha ndi mitsempha yaying'ono ya magazi. Mukafinya miyendo ndi nsapato zolimba, pamakhala kuphwanya magazi kumapazi. Chifukwa chake, phazi limakhala losaganizika, nthawi zambiri limavulala, ndipo mabala amachiritsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Zilonda zimawoneka pamapazi kuyambira mwadongosolo ovala nsapato zolimba. Izi zimawopseza gangore ndi kudulidwa kwamadera akumunsi. Wodwala angagwiritse ntchito malangizo osavuta kuti athandize kupewa mavuto ndi zigawo zotsika:

musanavale nsapato, yesani nsapato,
tsiku lililonse kuyang'ana miyendo patsogolo pagalasi.
pewani nsapato zolimba kapena zomwe zimakupaka mafupa,
Chitani zolimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku kapena zolimbitsa thupi pamiyendo,
chepetsa misomali yako pang'ono osadula ngodya za mbale ya msomali,
Osagwiritsa ntchito nsapato za anthu ena
nsapato zonyowa kuti fungus isafalikire,
gwiritsani ntchito fungus ya msomali panthawi yake,
ngati mukumva kupweteka m'miyendo, onetsetsani kuti mwapita kwa dokotala.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakakamizika kuvala zidendene zapamwamba. Chosiyana ndi odwala ndi neuropathy, amaletsedwa kuvala nsapato kuthamanga kwambiri. Mukamasankha nsapato, pali malingaliro otere kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, omwe akuyenera kutsatiridwa:

yesani nsapato kangapo,
muziyenda mozungulira sitolo muli nsapato zatsopano.
ma insoles okha amasankha khungu losalala, losakhala losautsa.

Bwererani ku tebulo la zomwe zili

Masewera ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi

Mukazindikira matenda a shuga 1, malingaliro amasewera amayenera kutsatiridwa. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi sizoletsedwa, koma zimawonedwa ngati mankhwala owonjezera. Mukamasewera masewera amtundu wa odwala matenda ashuga, kuchepa kwa insulin kumawonedwa. Ndi shuga wodalira insulin, mlingo wa insulin womwe umadyedwa umachepetsedwa. Kugwira ntchito moyenera kumawonjezera ziwalo zamkati. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, kuwumba, kuyenda mwachangu komanso kulimbitsa thupi kumawonedwa kuti ndi kopindulitsa kwambiri. Ndikwabwino kuchita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi ophunzitsa. Amasankha masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kudzikonzera mwachindunji kwa munthu. Masewera amatsutsana kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zovuta zamatenda. Chifukwa chake, ndi retinopathy, thupi limakulitsa zovuta ndi zotupa m'miyendo, kukulira vutoli. Amaphatikizidwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa osawonekera.

Malangizo othandizira pakuwukira

Kuukira kwa hypoglycemic kumayambitsidwa ndi njala. Matendawa ndi owopsa kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Achibale a wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa mfundo zofunika zothandizira wodwalayo - njira yofunika. Ndi vuto la hypoglycemic, odwala matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin ayenera kupatsidwa chakudya. Wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala ndi "chakudya chake" - 10 ma PC. shuga woyengeka, mtsuko wa lita imodzi ya mandimu, 100 g yotsekemera, 1 apulo, masangweji awiri. Wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kupatsidwa chakudya chofunikira kwambiri (chakudya, shuga). Mutha kuchepetsa shuga ya 5% m'madzi 50 g. Podwala kwambiri hypoglycemia, ndibwino kuti wodwalayo agone m'mbali mwake; sipayenera kukhala chilichonse pakamwa. 40% yankho la glucose (mpaka magalamu 100) jekeseni wambiri kwa wodwalayo. Ngati njirayi sinathandizire kuchira, wodwalayo amapatsidwa dontho la mtsempha ndipo njira ina ya 10% ya shuga imaperekedwa. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga adzafunika kugonekedwa.

Mitundu ya Matenda A shuga

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amadziwika ndi insulin chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic beta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusowa kwathunthu kwa mahomoni. Nthawi zambiri mawonekedwe amtunduwu amapezeka mwa achinyamata, amapatsa zizindikiro: polyuria, kuchepa thupi, kukula kwa ketosis, ludzu lalikulu.

Komabe, matenda ashuga amtundu 1 amatha kuchitika pazaka zilizonse, ndikupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono. Ndi matenda a shuga a autoimmune mu akulu, kuperewera kwa insulin kumakula pakapita zaka. Odwala omwe amapanga ma pancreatic beta-cell autoantibodies, chiwonetsero cha matenda oopsa a shuga kapena kukula kwake kosachedwa kutha kuonedwa.

Matenda a 2 a mtundu wa 2 amadziwika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa maselo a beta, omwe amadziwika ndi kunenepa kwambiri kosiyanasiyana, kumangokhala. Poyamba, mapangidwe a insulini amakhala ndi vuto, lomwe limayambitsa matenda a postprandial hyperglycemia. Pambuyo pa izi, kusala kudya kwa hyperglycemia kumachitika.

Matenda a 2 a mtundu wa shuga nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa odwala okalamba, pafupifupi 90% ya odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi matenda amtunduwu. Pamene kunenepa kwambiri kufalikira, madokotala amati:

wachichepere asanayambike matenda a shuga 2,
chiwonetsero choyambirira cha matendawa.

Pali mtundu wina wa matenda ashuga - gestational, umayamba mwa azimayi panthawi yoyembekezera. Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 chikuwonjezereka mwa azimayi omwe anali ndi vuto la shuga m'magazi atanyamula mwana.

Mitundu ina yapadera yamatendawa: matenda amodzi omwe amasintha, matenda ashuga, shuga kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

National Register of Diabetes imangotsimikizira izi.

Kodi zingakhale zovuta ziti

Monga momwe zadziwika kale, ngozi sikuti ili ndi matenda omwewa, koma ndi zovuta zake, ndipo matendawa atha kukhala osiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, wodwalayo amadandaula chifukwa cha kuwonongeka msanga kwa kukumbukira zinthu, kusokoneza ubongo, kusintha thupi.

World Health Organisation (WHO) imati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga posachedwa amasokoneza momwe amagwirira ntchito urogenital, azimayi omwe ali ndi msambo amatha kusokonezeka msambo, mkazi amatha kukhala osabereka, ndipo bambo amatha kubereka.

Vuto lowopsa la matendawa lidzakhala kuchepa kwamawonedwe, kutayika kwake konse ndi khungu sizikuwonetsedwa. Ndi kusokonezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, mavuto akulu amayamba ndi mano, mkamwa, khungu, chiwindi, impso. Wodwala posakhalitsa amasiya kumva kutentha ndi kutentha kochepa, kupweteka kwamitundumitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lakale la matenda ashuga:

kuyanika kwambiri pakhungu,
mawonekedwe a zilonda, ming'alu ndi zotupa zina pakhungu.

Kuphatikiza apo, kufalikira kwa magazi kumachepa kwambiri, mapangidwe amitsempha yamagazi amatayika. Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, patapita zaka, malekezero ochepa amakhala opunduka, mavuto akulu amapezeka mbali ya mtima. Chifukwa cha kufooka kwa magazi, pali chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda am'mimba, matenda am'mimba, ndipo chifukwa chake - kudulanso mwendo. Monga lamulo, izi zimachitika ndikupanga matenda ashuga oyambilira kapena achiwiri mwa amuna okulirapo zaka 50.

Ngati kuli kovuta kupewa matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kupewa matenda amtundu wachiwiri, chifukwa bungwe la WHO lapereka malangizo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga komanso kwa odwala omwe akufuna kuletsa kupitirira kwa vuto la matenda. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la glycemia komanso kuwonjezereka kwa ndende yamagazi, izi zimachitika:

ndi chikhalidwe cholakwika
ndi matenda a kapamba.

Mutha kudziteteza ku matenda a shuga a 2 ngati mungatsatire malangizo onse a madokotala.

Njira zopewera matenda ashuga

Ngati mumangotaya zomwe zimayambitsa hyperglycemia, zomwe munthu sangathe kuzikopa, ndiye kuti zingatheke kupewa matenda ashuga pafupifupi 99% ya milandu. Endocrinologists amalimbikitsa kuti odwala amayesera kuchepetsa thupi ngati pali zochuluka.

Ngati muchepa thupi ndi kilogalamu osachepera 5, mutha kuthana ndi matenda 70% nthawi yomweyo.

Madokotala amalangiza anthu kuti azitsatira moyo wathanzi, masewera olimbitsa thupi, chifukwa njira zotere nthawi zonse zimakhala zopindulitsa.

Zitha kukhala zokwanira tsiku lililonse:

kuyenda kwakutali
kukwera njinga
kuthamanga.

Katundu wotere amalimbitsa zida zathupi zam'mimba, komanso zimathandizira kuti ziwonetsero zamagulu zikhale bwino. Madokotala amatsimikizira kuti njira zomwe zafotokozedwerazi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa mphindi 30 patsiku kumachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi shuga ndi 80%.

Mukamayenda, kukhathamiritsa kwa insulin ya mahomoni kumayenda bwino, kumalowa mkati mwa maselo. Chifukwa chake, kudzikundikira kwa glucose kumaphwasulidwa ndikuchotsedwa ndi gluing makoma amitsempha yamagazi.

Njira inanso yomwe yalimbikitsidwa ndi WHO (World Health Division) ndikugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chimanga. Koma musanagwiritse ntchito chakudya chotere, muyenera kuzolowera momwe zimapangidwira, pezani index ya glycemic, shuga. Pali maupangiri ena a odwala matenda ashuga momwe angapewere matenda ashuga ndi zovuta zake.

Kukula kwa matenda ashuga a mtundu wachiwiri kungathandize kupewe kusiya chizolowezi chodya zakudya zosavuta, chifukwa chakudya chotere sichingovulaza. Ndikofunikanso kupatula:

chakudya chofulumira
Zakudya zamtundu uliwonse
zinthu zina zamafakitale.

Zimafunikira kusiya nyama yamafuta, ndikuisintha nkhuku, masamba osaphika. Madokotala amati kulumikizana pakati pa shuga ndi nyama zamafuta kuyenera kufunidwa mu cholesterol yambiri. Pokhapokha zinthuzi m'magazi, zimatha kukhala bwino komanso kupewa matenda ashuga.

Cinnamon imathandiza anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kutha kwake kwatsimikiziridwa ndi maphunziro ambiri asayansi. Kwa iwo omwe amamwa sinamoni, kuthekera kwa matenda a shuga ndi kusintha kwamatenda a glycemic kutsika pafupifupi 10%. Zotsatira zabwino zoterezi zitha kufotokozedwa mosavuta ndi kukhalapo kwa puloteni yapadera pakupanga sinamoni, yomwe imakhudza thupi, komanso imathandizira kuti maselo azigwirizana bwino ndi insulin. Chifukwa chake, kulimbikitsidwa ndi madokotala - ndikofunikira kuphatikiza sinamoni muzakudya kuti muchepetse matenda a shuga.

Ndikofunikanso kupumula nthawi zonse, kupeza nthawi yogona, komanso kupewa nkhawa, zomwe zingathandizenso wodwalayo. Ngati simutsatira lamulo lotere, thupi limayamba kudziunjikira mphamvu yankho, limangokhalira kusokonezeka, kupweteka kwa munthuyo kumakulirakulira, mutu wake umapweteka, ndipo kukhumudwa kopanda pake kumatha. Njira yomwe akutsimikizirayo ndiyabwino kwambiri popewa zoyambitsa ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga odwala azaka zilizonse.

Kuthana ndi nkhawa kungakuthandizeni:

makalasi a yoga (ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi adzadzutsa thupi, kukhazikitsa ntchito yoyenera),
chitani chilichonse osathamangira (musanachite chilichonse chikusonyezedwa kuti mupuma pang'ono ndi kutulutsa mpweya),
kupatula nthawi yopuma (kamodzi pa sabata ndikofunika kuti muchotse tsiku popanda kuganizira mavuto).

Ndikofunikanso kugona mokwanira, kugona sikofunikira kwambiri kwa munthu, ndi muyeso wabwino kwambiri kupewa matenda a shuga. Pafupifupi, muyenera kugona kuyambira maola 6 mpaka 8 patsiku, ngati munthu sagona mokwanira, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ukuwonjezeka pafupifupi kawiri. Komanso, kugona nthawi yayitali kumavulazanso, kukhala nthawi yogona maola opitilira 8 patsiku kumakulitsa chiopsezo cha hyperglycemia nthawi katatu.

Kuyankhulana pafupipafupi ndi anthu am'banja kungathandize ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Madokotala azindikira kuti odwala omwe ali osungulumwa amakhala ndi vuto lochulukirapo, izi zimangokulitsa mkhalidwe wawo.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuyeza zizindikiro za shuga m'magazi, zimachitika kuti matenda ashuga amapezeka mwanjira yaposachedwa, samapereka mawonekedwe. Kuti mudziwe zam'mbuyomu m'miyeso yoyambirira, muyenera kuchita zoyeserera za shuga.

Ndikwabwino kupereka magazi kamodzi pachaka.

Malangizo ena kwa odwala matenda ashuga

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, WHO yapanga chitsogozo chamankhwala; chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zakudya, komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Komanso, matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba komanso wachiwiri amathandizidwa mosiyanasiyana.

Poyamba, insulin imasonyezedwa tsiku lililonse, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri komanso ndizofunikira kwambiri. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga sayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri Zakudya zawo, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, kuziwerenga m'magawo a mkate, kuyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi a shuga mellitus kumafunikiranso kuti thupi likhale lamphamvu, magazi ochepa.

Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga 1, mankhwalawo amtundu wawo samapangidwa, motero sangakhale opanda mankhwala mosamalitsa. Insulin ikhoza kukhala yanyama kapena yamunthu, kuchokera kwa nyama yabwino kwambiri imayenera kutchedwa insulin.

Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, ma insulin a anthu agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, amapezeka ndi kusintha kwa majini. Ubwino wa insulin ya anthu:

kupezeka kwa zoyipa zambiri zathupi.
kulekerera kwabwino.

Pofuna kutsanzira magwiridwe achilengedwe a kapamba momwe angathere, makampani opanga mankhwala aphunzira kupanga mankhwala a mitundu yambiri: ultrashort, yochepa, yowonjezera, ultralong.

Kuti zitheke, ma insulin afupiafupi ndi aatali amatulutsa mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana: mahomoni ofupikawo nthawi zonse amakhala owonekera, ndipo yayitali ndi yopanda mitambo.

Insulin yayifupi ikakhala mitambo, zimatanthawuza kuti yataya zinthu zake ndipo nzoletsedwa kuzigwiritsa ntchito.

Zofunikira pa Insulin

Malangizo othandizira odwala matenda a shuga amawongolera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin. Chifukwa chake, mankhwalawa monga Novorapid, Humalog (ultrashort insulins) amawonetsedwa kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha asanadye kapena atangomaliza kudya. Njira imeneyi ndi yabwino kwa wodwalayo, sizibweretsa chisokonezo.

Insulin yofupika yochepetsera hyperglycemia yofulumira kwambiri iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mutangomaliza kudya chakudya chamafuta, imaperekedwa hafu ya ola lisanadye, popeza pambuyo pokhapokha itayamba kugwira ntchito.

Kuchepa kwa insulin yocheperako kumadalira kuchuluka kwa mlingo, wokulirapo mlingo, umachepetsa. Ngati mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa 4 mpaka 6 a mankhwalawa, amachitika pambuyo pa mphindi 15-30, kuchuluka kwambiri kumachitika pambuyo pa ola limodzi ndi theka. Mlingo wa magawo makumi awiri umagwira ntchito bwino pambuyo pa maola awiri, zotsatira zimatha pambuyo pa maola 4-6.

Chifukwa cha insulin yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali imatsanzira kupangika kwa mahomoni aumunthu, imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi maola 12-14, imayendetsedwa kawiri: asanadye chakudya cham'mawa komanso asanagone. Kukonzekera koteroko kuli ndi chinthu chapadera chomwe:

amanga insulin
imalepheretsa kulowa kwake m'magazi.

Palinso ma insulin omwe amatchedwa ma multi-peak insulin, ali ndi kuchuluka kwakutali ndi kwapafupi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chida chotere, palibe chifukwa choti jakisoni musanadye chakudya cham'mawa komanso chakudya chamadzulo, popeza timadzi timene timayambitsa osakaniza ndi singano imodzi. Koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti ndalamazi ndizovuta kwambiri kumwa.

Kanemayo munkhaniyi akuwonetsa zoyenera kuchita pa matenda ashuga.

Kupewa

Mu matenda a shuga, wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa momwe angapewere matendawa. Mukazindikira mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri, wodwala amapindula ndi mankhwala azitsamba. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, ma decoctions ndi mayankho ochiritsa amakhala okonzeka. Mutha kupezerapo mwayi masamba a lingonberry, maluwa a mpunga, masamba a nettle. Ma infusions akuthandiza kugwira ntchito kwa impso ndikulemeretsa thupi ndi mavitamini. Kukonzekera kulowetsedwa, muyenera kuthira supuni zitatu za chomera chophwanyika ndi madzi otentha, ndipo msuzi uwiritse. Tengani mankhwala a 1-2 tbsp. l Katatu patsiku. Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga sayenera kudya kwambiri kapena kufa ndi njala. Popewa mavuto amiyendo, odwala matenda ashuga amasamba ndi chamomile.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga: kufotokozera ndi zowona

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kapamba sangathe kutulutsa insulin yokwanira. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa insulin ndiyofunikira kusuntha shuga (glucose) kuchokera pagazi kupita kumisempha, ubongo ndi zina za thupi, komwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kupanga mphamvu.

Shuga wambiri amatha kubweretsa zovuta zingapo, monga kuwonongeka kwa impso, mitsempha, ndi maso, komanso matenda amtima. Kuphatikiza apo, maselo samalandira glucose ofunikira kuti agwire bwino ntchito.

Kuchepa ndi kufafaniza kwathunthu kwa insulin secretion nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha autoimmune chiwonongeko cha maselo opanga insulin beta mu kapamba. Popeza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 sangatulutsenso insulin yawo, ayenera kubayidwa jakisoni.

Kusunga shuga wokhazikika m'magazi poyerekeza kudya kwa calcium ndi mlingo woyenera wa insulini kungalepheretse zovuta zazitali za matenda amtundu 1, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi matenda osachiritsika.

Ngakhale palibe malamulo oletsa kudya matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba, kusankha zakudya zopatsa thanzi kumathandizira kwambiri kupewa matenda. Nthawi yakudya ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1, ndipo zakudya zoyenera ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi insulin.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matendawa amagwiritsa ntchito insulin yayitali (basal insulin kapena NPH), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ipitilizabe kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi kwa maola 24. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amachepetsa shuga m'magazi, ngakhale glucose wamafuta omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito sikugwira.

Chifukwa chaichi, kulumpha zakudya kapena kudya chakudya chochepa kumatha kumuopseza munthu amene ali ndi shuga yochepa (hypoglycemia).

Kumbali inayi, mumatha kudya zakudya zambiri kapena kudya zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri, zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera shuga m'magazi kotero kuti insulin ya insalle singachepetse mokwanira.

Pankhaniyi, insulin yocheperako (yogwira insulin nthawi zonse) iyenera kutumikiridwa mu mlingo wofunikira malinga ndi chakudya chamagulu am'kati ndi chakudya komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi musanadye.

Kudya zakudya zokhala ndi gawo lochepera la glycemic (index) kumapangitsa kuti kudya kusakhale kosavuta. Chakudya chokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic chimakweza shuga m'magazi pang'onopang'ono komanso mokhazikika, kusiya nthawi yokwanira kuchitira zinthu mthupi (kapena jekeseni wa insulin).

Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito popitilira shuga ndikuwonetsetsa mapomedwe a insulin m'malo mwa glucometer ndi insulin ya jakisoni amatha kusinthasintha kwakanthawi panthawi yakudya chifukwa amakhala ndi ndemanga yeniyeni yowathandizira kuyerekeza kudya kwa mafuta a carbohydrate ndi insulin.

Komabe, munthu aliyense amapindula ndi kuzindikira kwakatundu pazakudya zawo, popanga zoletsa zina kuti zifanane ndi zakudya zomwe zili ndi zotsika kwambiri za glycemic komanso zakudya zake malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin.

Pochita chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya komanso kuchuluka kwa matendawa, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba amatha kukhala ndi shuga wamagazi. Shuga wamagazi amalepheretsa zovuta za hypoglycemia ndi hyperglycemia.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa wapereka zosemphana zotsutsana pazabwino zakuyendetsa bwino glycemic popewa matenda amtima. Ngakhale timazolowera kuganiza kuti hyperglycemia imakhala yolakwika nthawi zonse, umboni umawonetsa kuopsa kokhala ndi matenda amtima ndi hypoglycemia.

Kafukufuku akutiuza kuti kukhalabe ndi shuga yokhazikika mokwanira kumapewetsa zovuta zili zonse. Njira zabwino zakukwaniritsira izi ndikudya zakudya zokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic komanso nthawi yodyera.

Ndikofunikanso kuganizira za kuchuluka kwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi (mafuta, mapuloteni ndi chakudya chamagulu) ndi zakudya. Makamaka, mafuta, mapuloteni ndi fiber zimachepetsa kuyamwa kwa zakudya ndipo zimapereka nthawi kuti insulini igwire ntchito, pang'onopang'ono kuchotsa shuga m'magazi kupita kuzinthu zomwe akufuna. Kuchepetsa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndi kuyamwa kumapangitsa kuti shuga izikhala yokhazikika.

Mndandanda wa glycemic ndi glycemic katundu ndi mawu asayansi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuchuluka kwa chakudya pa shuga la magazi. Zakudya zokhala ndi katundu wochepa wa glycemic (index) zimachulukitsa shuga wamagazi pang'ono, motero ndizosankha zabwino kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha glycemic ndiz kuchuluka kwa fiber, mafuta ndi mapuloteni omwe ali nawo.

Kufunika kwa zakudya zapadera za odwala matenda ashuga adakambirana koyamba mu 1796. Chitsimikiziro chachikulu ndikuchotsa gawo la chakudya ndi mafuta. Izi zimakwaniritsa kuchepa kwamagazi m'magazi, komanso zimawonjezera chidwi cha minyewa pakuchitanso insulin. Komanso, kuphatikizapo chakudya, madokotala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi. Anaphunzira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga mu mkodzo pambuyo pa 1841, ndipo mu 1921 insulin yoyamba idapezeka.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa komanso magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo

Asayansi sangathebe kudziwa chifukwa chomwe maselo aumunthu ndi minyewa sizimayankha mokwanira popanga insulin. Komabe, chifukwa cha maphunziro ambiri, adatha kuzindikira zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wopezeka ndi matendawa:

Kuphwanya maziko a maholomo mutha msinkhu, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kukula kwa mahomoni.
Kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kuyika kwa cholesterol pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, ndikupangitsa matenda a atherosulinosis.
Jenda ya munthu. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti azimayi amatha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2.
Mtundu. Matenda a shuga a Type 2 atsimikiziridwa kuti ali ochulukirapo 30% mu mpikisano wakuda.
Khalidweli. Ngati makolo onse ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2, ndiye kuti mwina atakhala ndi 60-70% adzakula mwa mwana wawo. Amapasa mu 58-65% milandu, matendawa amakula nthawi imodzi, amapasa mu 16-30% milandu.
Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi ndi matenda enaake, hemochromatosis, etc.
Zovuta za maselo a pancreatic beta.
Mankhwala okhala ndi beta-blockers, antipsychotic atypical, glucocorticoids, thiazides, etc.
Nthawi yobereka mwana. Panthawi yapakati, minofu yathupi imakhudzidwa ndimapangidwe a insulin. Matendawa amatchedwa matenda a shuga, mwana akangobadwa amachoka, nthawi zina amayamba kudwala matenda ashuga amitundu iwiri.
Zizolowezi zoyipa - kusuta fodya, moledzera.
Zakudya zopanda pake.
Moyo wopanda ntchito.

Type 2abetes mellitus ndi kagayidwe kazakudya kamene ma kapamba amatulutsira insulini ya mahomoni, koma samadziwika mokwanira ndi thupi, chifukwa chomwe amasonkhana m'magazi, omwe amatsogolera ku hyperglycemia.

Magawo a matenda

Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa mawonekedwe a matendawa, magawo otsatirawa ndi osiyana:

Zosavuta. Ndi matenda amtunduwu, chithandizo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha kudya, ndikotheka kupereka mankhwala amodzi omwe amachepetsa shuga. Kutengera malamulo onse ndi malingaliro a dokotala, ngozi ya zovuta ndizochepa.
Gawo lapakati. Zakudyazi zimaphatikizidwa ndikumwa mapiritsi a 3-4 a mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Kusagwirizana ndi malamulo ndi malingaliro a dokotala kungayambitse kukula kwa mtima wamankhwala.
Gawo lalikulu. Kuphatikiza pa zakudya zamagulu olimbitsa thupi, kudya pafupipafupi mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga ndi jakisoni wa insulin ndi mankhwala. Pakadali pano, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umadzetsa mavuto akulu mu mtima.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a 2

Ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo chake ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga 2 zimawonekera pakangotha miyezi yochepa, ndipo nthawi zina patadutsa zaka zochepa (mtundu wotsika wa matendawa).

Poona koyamba, zisonyezo za matenda amitundu iwiri sizosiyana ndi matenda amtundu 1. Komabe pali kusiyana. Nthawi yomwe munthu akupanga matenda a shuga a 2, zizindikilo:

Ludzu lalikulu, kufunitsitsa kosalekeza kosowa. Kuwonetsedwa kwa zizindikiro zotere kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa katundu pa impso, zomwe zimayenera kuchotsa thupi la shuga kwambiri. Popeza alibe madzi chifukwa cha njirayi, amayamba kutulutsa madzimadzi kuchokera ku minofu.
Kutopa, kukwiya, chizungulire. Popeza glucose ndi zida zamagetsi, kusowa kwake kumayambitsa kusowa mphamvu m'maselo ndi minofu ya thupi. Chizungulire chikugwirizana ndi ntchito ya ubongo, woyamba kuvutika ndi osakwanira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Zowonongeka zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa - matenda ashuga retinopathy. Kuphwanya kachitidwe pakugwiritsira ntchito mitsempha yamagazi m'mitsempha yamaso kumachitika, chifukwa chake, ngati mawanga akuda ndi zofooka zina zikuwoneka m'chithunzichi, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.
Njala, ngakhale mutadya chakudya chochuluka.
Kuuma pakamwa.
Kuchepa kwamisempha.
Khungu loyera ndi zotupa.

Popeza matendawa amakhala nthawi yayitali, matendawa amatha kukulirakulira.

Odwala amatha kudandaula za matenda a matenda amtundu wa 2, monga matenda yisiti, kupweteka ndi kutupa miyendo, dzanzi la miyendo, ndikuchira kwa nthawi yayitali.

Matenda owopsa amadziwika kuti pachiyambi pomwe zizindikiro sizinatchulidwe kwambiri ndipo munthu sangazindikire chiyambi cha kupitirira kwa matenda. Komabe, zizindikirazo zimayamba kutchulidwa, ndipo ngati munthu samvera thupi lake ndikunyalanyaza zizindikirazo, chikomokere cha matenda ashuga chimachitika, zomwe zimachitika mosayembekezereka.

Matendawa akamakula, wodwalayo amakhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi za matenda ashuga:

kuwonongeka kwa thanzi, kugona, kufooka, kusowa kwa msonkhano,
Khungu limakhala lokhazikika, zilonda zam'mimba zimakhalapo, zomwe sizichiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali,
kulakalaka kumachuluka, koma munthu amachepetsa thupi.
kamwa yowuma, ludzu lochulukirapo,
kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa kukodza.

Mwa abambo, khungu la mbolo limadzaza, ndipo mwa azimayi kuyabwa kwambiri ndi kupsinjika kumachitika mu nyini ndi labia. Nthawi zambiri pa bafuta umatha kuwona mbewu zofanana ndi mchenga woyera.

Ndi zizindikiro zoterezi, zimaphatikizidwa kuti muchite nokha zinthu. Ndikofunikira kuzindikira koyambirira kwa matenda a shuga a 2 oyambirira, pankhaniyi ndi zakudya zokha zomwe zimaperekedwa, chithandizo cha mankhwala sichofunikira.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga a 2 sikovuta. Kuti mupeze matenda, kuwunika kwa zasayansi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwanira, momwe shuga amasala kudya amawayeza m'magazi, ndiye kuti idatha ikubwerezedwa imawunikidwa maola awiri mutatha kudya.

Ngati wodwalayo akusala kudya kwa glucose woposa 7.0 mmol / L kapena atatha kudya, mapalowo amapitilira 11.0 mmol / L, adotolo amawerengetsa hyperglycemia, yomwe imatsimikizira matendawa.

Malangizo othandizira odwala matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga

Musanamwe mankhwala, muyenera kusintha moyo wanu.

Dokotala yemwe amapezekapo nthawi zambiri amapereka mankhwala, pochita chidwi ndi wodwalayo.

A matenda monga matenda a shuga mellitus 4 mfundo zoyenera zomwe zimayenera kuchitika pakumwa. Izi ndi izi:

Zakudya zoyenera. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, adokotala amatipatsa zakudya zapadera. Nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo masamba ndi zipatso, zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber ndi ma carbohydrate ovuta. Siyani maswiti, makeke, zinthu zophika mkate ndi nyama yofiira.
Kuphatikiza pakupumula komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Moyo wokangalika ndi panacea, makamaka kwa matenda ashuga. Mutha kuchita yoga, kuthamangira m'mawa kapena kungoyenda.
Kumwa mankhwala antidiabetes. Odwala ena amatha kuchita popanda kumwa mankhwala, kuwonetsetsa kuti adya zakudya zapadera komanso kukhala ndi zochita zambiri. Mankhwala odzipatsa okha saloledwa, ndi dokotala yekhayo amene angakupatseni mankhwala ena, kuwonetsa mlingo woyenera.
Kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga, wodwalayo amatha kupewa hypo - kapena hyperglycemia.

Kungowona zofunika izi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kumakhala kothandiza, ndipo mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ukupita bwino.

Malangizo onse

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 chimachitika makamaka pakudya ndi zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi. Ngati wodwala wambiri, ndikofunika kuti muchepetse thupi kunenepa.

Izi zimachepetsa kagayidwe kazakudya, zimachotsa katundu owonjezera pachiwindi, chomwe, pakakhala kuperewera kwa pancreatic, amapanga shuga wambiri. Pambuyo pake, magawo otukuka, njira zamankhwala zimayikidwa, njira zamankhwala ziyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi dokotala.

Momwe mungadye

Khalidwe la mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga limasiyana kwenikweni ndi moyo wa munthu wamba. Mukamaganizira za zakudya zokhala ndi matenda a shuga 1, munthu sangasiyire pomwepo kuti ziyenera kukhala zopezeka nthawi yoyamba, zokhwasula-khwasula ndizosayenera pamaso pamatenda.

M'mbuyomu, akatswiri azakudya adalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta kuti azikhala ndi mapuloteni komanso chakudya, zakudya zotere ndizovomerezeka kwa odwala matenda ashuga 1, koma ndizovuta kutsatira. Chifukwa chake, popita nthawi, zakudya zayamba kusiyanasiyana, zomwe ndikofunikira kuti moyo wa mtundu woyamba ukhale wabwino, chifukwa ndi mndandanda wazambiri womwe umakulolani kuti musayang'ane matenda anu.

Zakudya zoyenera zimathandiza kupewa matenda ashuga kapena kupewa kuti zisapite patsogolo. Kwa izi, pali njira zambiri zamakudya zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa makamaka chifukwa chakuti wodwalayo amawerengetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta.

Kuphatikiza apo, mndandandawu umapangidwa mogwirizana ndi mndandanda wazinthu za glycemic. Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino, ndikofunikira kusintha pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kuzolowera kwanu, kuwonjezera apo, osangogwirizana ndi chakudya basi, komanso zochitika zina za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mwambiri, shuga, mtundu wachiwiri, umayendera limodzi ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Kunenepa kwambiri ndicho chinthu choyamba chimalingalira za matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri. Zakudya zoyenera zimathandiza kupewa kunenepa kwambiri.

M'mawa, muyenera kukhala ndi chakudya cham'mawa, kenako idyani maola osachepera 5 masana. Mwanjira imeneyi mutha kudziteteza ku ma surges a glucose. Ngati simumapumira pakudya nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti munthu sadzamva njala kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sangadye kwambiri.

Kudya kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza kukhala ndi kadzutsa. Chakudya cham'mawa chimakhazikitsa shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimadyedwa zimawotchedwa mwachangu, chifukwa chakudya cham'mawa chimalimbikitsa thupi lonse komanso mphamvu yonse ya thupi.

Chakudya cham'mawa chikadzakhala, ndipo nkhomaliro kapena nkhomaliro ikukonzedwa mochedwa, muyenera kukhala ndi chakudya, ngakhale panjira. Ndiye kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikungagwere kwambiri, munthu sangathetse njala, zomwe ndizovuta kukhala nazo. Gawo loyamba la kuchira ndikukhazikitsa zakudya zabwino.

Kuphatikiza pa kudya pafupipafupi, malangizo ena othandiza kwa odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatiridwa.

Zofunika kudya moyenera. Pa chakudya chilichonse, muyenera kudya mapuloteni komanso chakudya, kuphatikiza chipatso chimodzi kapena masamba. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, kukhala omasuka kwathunthu ndi kuchepa thupi pang'ono pang'ono.
Ntchito zichepetse popanda kudzipatsa nokha chakudya. Chachikulu koposa zonse, kuphatikiza masamba, uwu ndi lamulo kwa odwala matenda ashuga.
Kudya kwamafuta kokwanira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa ndipo mafuta osafunikira ayenera kusinthidwa ndi ena athanzi.

Kutembenukira kwa dokotala, mutha kulandira malingaliro pa zakudya zoyenera, ngakhale mndandanda woyenera. Ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amadya moyenera, izi zimuteteza ku zovuta zambiri zoyipa zakumbuyo.

Nayi mafuta, mafuta, ndi mapuloteni omwe amapezeka muzakudya zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zikhale zamtundu wa shuga.

Zakudya zomanga thupi zopezeka kuzakudya zam'mitundu 1 shuga

Zakudya zomanga thupi ndi gawo lalikulu la chakudya chomwe chimadzutsa shuga m'magazi. Zakudya zomanga thupi zimatha kuwerengedwa ngati shuga wosavuta kapena chakudya chovuta.

Anthu ambiri amaganiza za chakudya chamafuta akaganiza za zinthu zophika, makeke, pasitala, chimanga, ndi maswiti. Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zilinso ndi chakudya chamafuta, koma kuchuluka kwamafuta ndi michere yambiri zimawapangitsa kusankha bwino, ngakhale chakudya.

Zakudya zamafuta zovuta zimapezeka muzakudya zonse ndipo zimaphatikizanso michere yowonjezera monga fiber, mavitamini, komanso mapuloteni ochepera ndi mafuta. Zowonjezera izi zimachepetsa mayamwidwe a glucose ndikukhazikitsa shuga m'magazi. Zitsanzo za zovuta zamafuta:

mpunga wa bulauni
mbewu zonse za tirigu, barele, rye
quinoa
oatmeal
masamba
chipatso
nyemba (nyemba, mphodza, nyemba, anapiye, ndi zina zambiri)

Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu mosavuta zimadziwika ngati "zakudya zoyera," mwachitsanzo,

shuga
pasitala (kuchokera ku ufa woyengeka)
mikate yoyera
ufa oyera
kuphika (makeke, zinthu zophika mkate, makeke, ndi zina zambiri)
mbatata zoyera

Zakudya zomanga thupi zosavuta zili ndi michere yambiri yomwe imachepetsa kuyamwa kwa shuga, chifukwa chake zinthu izi zimachulukitsa shuga m'magazi mwangozi. Zakudya zamtundu wa 1 za shuga zimachepetsa kudya zakudya zosavuta zamafuta m'malo mwa zosankha zabwino.

Mbale ndi masamba okhuthala

Izi ndi zakudya zomwe muyenera kuphatikiza pazakudya zanu:

Zakudya zonse za tirigu zimagwirizana ndi mlingo wa insulin
zakudya zopezeka mu zakudya za ku Mediterranean
michere yakulemera kwambiri zipatso, masamba ndi zipatso
chakudya chochepa cha glycemic

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1, monga anthu ena onse omwe amafuna kupewa matenda osachiritsika, ayenera kutsata ndondomeko zomwezo za kudya zomwezo. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa zambiri zamakina azakudya kuti gawo la insulin lisinthidwe moyenerera. Kuti muchite izi, pali malamulo angapo omwe mungatsatire.

Mu zakudya ziyenera kuperekedwa zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yazomera, ndipo koposa zonse, madzi. Gulu loyamba la zinthu limagwiritsidwa ntchito mopanda malire. Masamba, makamaka akaphika, angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda choletsa, kupatula mbatata. Izi ndi kaloti, beets, mitundu yonse ya kabichi, turnips, radishes, nkhaka, phwetekere, masamba ambiri.

Gawo loyamba lazinthu zimaphatikizanso bowa, zakumwa pa zotsekemera, tiyi ndi khofi wopanda shuga. Zakumwa zosapatsa thanzi ziyenera kukonzedwa pamakoma osapatsa thanzi (stavioside saccharin, aspartame, cyclamate).

Amangowonjezera shuga m'magazi, komanso amathandizira kuti azikhala ndi thanzi labwino. Odwala omwe ali ndi mapaundi owonjezera ambiri ayenera kukumbukira kuti zotsekemera zama calorie apamwamba zimangopangidwira iwo.

Mitundu yamafuta otsika yokha ndiyomwe imasankhidwa ku nyama, zomwe zimayenera kuchitidwa ndi zinthu zamkaka. Ili ndiye gulu lachiwiri la zinthu, zitha kudyedwa zochepa. Amaphatikizanso mbewu monga chimanga, tchizi-mafuta ochepa (ochepera 30%), nyemba (nandolo, nyemba), buledi.

M'pofunika kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri, komanso ndizomwe zimapangitsa shuga. Awa ndi mafuta apamwamba a kalori ambiri, (kuphatikizapo masamba), mayonesi, nyama ndi masamba, margarine, tchizi wamafuta ambiri, kirimu wowawasa, kirimu ndi tchizi cha kanyumba, mbewu ndi mtedza, zinthu zosuta komanso zakumwa.
Ndi matenda a shuga, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wamba pokhazikitsa zakudya zanu. Amayi ambiri, ndipo popanda matenda, amakakamizidwa kuwongolera kulemera kwawo mothandizidwa ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana, ngati angayang'anire mawonekedwe awo. Mfundo yayikulu ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi.

Zosankha zazitsanzo za matenda a shuga a 2

Mukamafotokozera mbale, kuchuluka kwa kakhalori katsiku ndi tsiku kumasonyezedwa

Naturalization kulemera kwa thupi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuchiza odwala omwe samadalira insulin, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha komanso kubwezeretsa chidwi cha insulin receptors, kuchepa kwa zomwe zili ndi insulin yogwiritsira ntchito m'magazi.

Imodzi mwa njira zabwino zochizira matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira shuga, kupewa mavuto ake ndikusunga chindapusa chautali wa ntchito ya kapamba munjira iyi ya matenda a shuga.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zamagulu a shuga okhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri ziyenera kukhala zamagulu a mapuloteni00, mafuta ndi chakudya, koma nthawi yomweyo khalani ndi zopatsa mphamvu zochepa.

M'magawo oyamba opanga matenda osokoneza bongo omwe samadalira insulin, ndizotheka kukonza bwino zovuta za metabolic kwa nthawi yayitali, i.e., kulimbikitsa kubwezeretsedwa kwa matenda ashuga pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodyera. Zakudyazi ziyenera kukhala zokwanira mu mavitamini ndi michere momwemo (ndi malire a mchere wa tebulo mpaka 10 g / tsiku).

Pali zakudya zopezeka mu shuga zomwe zimachepetsa kudya kwa carbohydrate. Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zimayenera kukhala ndizakudya zokhala ndi matenda ochepa.

Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kutsatira mfundo izi:

kusiyidwa kopanda michere yazakudya zosafunikira m'zakudya, kulola wodwalayo kutenga m'malo mwa shuga (xylitol, sorbitol, fructose) ochepa, poganizira mphamvu zawo,
Malamulo oletsa kudya shuga wambiri muyezo wamafuta a nyama, komanso kuchuluka kwa mafuta osakwaniritsidwa komanso osapangika mafuta azikhala ofanana ndi 1: 2,
kuchuluka kwa zakudya m'zakudya zamafuta ambiri,
kudya pafupipafupi pafupipafupi ndi zakudya 5-6 patsiku,
Kukana zakumwa zoledzeretsa mwanjira iliyonse komanso popanda kusuta.

Zaka zaposachedwa, inulin yakopa chidwi chachikulu cha sayansi komanso chofunikira - polima yachilengedwe ya fructose yopezeka muzakudya zachilengedwe, makamaka ku Yerusalemu artichoke, omwe amapikika pang'onopang'ono popanda kutenga nawo insulin, ndi chinthu chofunikira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga.

Malangizo akulu a shuga

Kudziwa momwe mungakhalire wathanzi komanso kuthana ndi zovuta kungathandize ngakhale odwala matenda ashuga. Kuyankhula izi, amalabadira kuti pamaso pamavuto amathandizidwa popanda chifukwa, osayambitsa. Malangizo a shuga ndi omwe:

palibe zakudya zamitundu yonse 1st, 2nd komanso mitundu yosowa ya shuga. Ndi katswiri wazakudya limodzi ndi endocrinologist yemwe angathandize kusankha zakudya zoyenera kukhalanso ndi thanzi,
pomwe matendawa sanapangidwe, koma pali zinthu zina zowopsa, ndikofunikira kuchita kafukufuku wamagazi pamiyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse,
sichikhala chopanda pake kwenikweni kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa, kuchita maphunziro akuthupi, komanso kuwunikira momwe ntchito zikuyendera komanso kupuma.

Kusungidwa kwa njira yeniyeni yatsiku ndi tsiku kuyenera kusamalidwa mwapadera. Izi zikuthandizani kuti muzitha kupeza zakudya, muziziphatikiza ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Zochita tsiku ndi tsiku

Ndi matenda a shuga a 2, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizitsatira chizolowezi chatsiku ndi tsiku. Choyamba, zonse ziyenera kuchitika panthawi inayake: kuyambira m'mawa mpaka kudya chakudya ndi ntchito zakunja, komanso kugona. Izi zimalola kukhazikitsa algorithm yopatsa thanzi, yomwe iyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

Kupitilira apo, akatswiri akuwunikiranso kuti mfundo yachiwiri ndi kupatula kugwira ntchito kwambiri kwamaganizidwe ndi kuthupi. Kumapeto a sabata, kupuma pantchito yanu yanthawi zonse kumalimbikitsidwa. Masiku omasuka oterewa amalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera pakupuma bwino, zosangalatsa zosangalatsa ndi banja komanso anthu osangalatsa. Polankhula za kayendetsedwe koyenera ka tsikulo, amalabadira kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi kudya moyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri, poganizira mawonekedwe onse azikhalidwe.

Zakudya za matenda ashuga

Zakudya za matenda amtundu 1 ndi matenda amitundu iwiri ziyenera kufikiridwa padera. Chifukwa chake, poyambirira, kuletsa kwakukulu kwa zinthu zotere, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndikulimbikitsidwa. Ndikupangiratu kukana maswiti (maswiti, makeke, mapesi), komanso zipatso zotsekemera (makamaka nthochi ndi mphesa). Ndiosafunika kudya mikate yoyera ndi semolina.

Zomwe analimbikitsa ndizomwe zimaphatikizapo zovuta zam'mimba, chifukwa zimatenga nthawi yayitali m'mimba, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa shuga kwamwazi kumachepetsedwa. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga amtundu 1, zinthu zonse zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

Mayina omwe ali ovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito kuwerengera kwa XE (mwachitsanzo, nguluwe, ndimu ndi mkaka wonse wowotchera),
zinthu zomwe zimatha kudya popanda zoletsa (masamba, zitsamba, nyemba),
mayina omwe sioyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito (mwachitsanzo, maswiti). Kupatula mu nkhaniyi kuyenera kuganiziridwa kuti ndi vuto la hypoglycemia.

Owerenga mabakera anena zowona zonse zokhudza matenda ashuga! Matenda a shuga amapita pakatha masiku 10 ngati mumamwa m'mawa. »Werengani zambiri >>>

Zakudya zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa patsiku la matenda a shuga 1 ayenera kukhala kuyambira 1900 mpaka 2300 kcal.

Ndi matenda 2 a shuga, omwe amapindulitsa kwambiri ndi zakudya zochepa zopatsa mphamvu. Ngati wodwala matenda ashuga atopa kunenepa, akulangizidwa kuti asagwiritse ntchito 1200 kcal patsiku. Mafuta omwe amapezeka muzakudya ndizovomerezeka pokhapokha ngati ndi ochokera ku masamba ndipo amadya zochepa. Zopatsa mphamvu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera malinga ndi XE ndi magawo ochepa. Mapuloteni ndi ovomerezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera, chifukwa alibe mphamvu yokhudza shuga.

Tchulani maupangiri ena, tcherani khutu ku zoletsa zonse za ufa ndi kuletsa kwa zinthu zomwe zili ndi mafuta ambiri. Masupu azamasamba, mayina opanda mafuta, komanso zipatso zosapatsa, masamba abwino ndi nyemba zitha kukhala zothandiza kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Pofuna kusiyanitsa zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2, zopangidwa za matenda ashuga zinapangidwa. Zitha kugulidwa m'madipatimenti apadera azakudya kapena, mwachitsanzo, mu pharmacy. Tikulankhula za tiyi wa matenda ashuga, chicory ufa, maswiti, komanso ma cookie, zinthu za soya ndi zina zambiri.

Masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso olimbitsa thupi

Kwa odwala matenda a shuga mellitus, zochitika zolimbitsa thupi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa ndizowonjezera maphunziro. Chowonadi ndi chakuti amathandizira njira yogwiritsira ntchito shuga pogwiritsa ntchito minofu. Pankhaniyi, zotsatirazi zofunikira zitha kudziwika: kutsika kwa insulin komanso kuchepa kwa gawo la gawo la mahomoni mu mtundu 1 wa shuga.

Akatswiri amalipira chidwi chakuti:

zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi ntchito
Imachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga. Makamaka, imakhala yothandiza pakukhudza kwamtima (kufalikira kwa magazi mu ubongo ndi mtima),
masewera olimbitsa thupi aerobic, monga kupanga mawonekedwe, kuyenda mwamphamvu, kapena kulimbitsa thupi, ndizothandiza kwambiri.

Zochita zilizonse zolimbitsa thupi ziyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi dokotala yemwe amapita, zomwe zimathetsa zovuta. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi okhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu. Zosayenera kwathunthu kwa retinopathy ndipo zimatha kupangitsa kuchuluka kwa ziwiya m'munsi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu kumathandizidwanso m'njira yovuta ya matenda ashuga.

Zovomerezeka kwambiri ziyenera kuonedwa ngati masewera olimbitsa thupi, osankhidwa payekha, kukonza thupi. Ngati izi ndizosatheka pazifukwa zilizonse, mutha kumangoyenda mu mpweya watsopano - kuyambira mphindi 15 mpaka 45 patsiku zidzakhala zokwanira.

Kusamalira miyendo

Ndikofunikira kupenda malekezero tsiku lililonse kapena pafupipafupi (ngati kuli koyenera). Izi zimagwira m'malo ophatikizika, phazi, ndikofunikira kulipira fungo. Komanso, polankhula za chisamaliro choyenera cha phazi, tawonani:

kusayerekezeka koyenda wopanda nsapato, chifukwa mwina ndizowoneka, ming'alu ndi zowonongeka zina zidzaonekera,
kuvomerezedwa kugwiritsa ntchito masokosi ofunda ngati mapazi akuwuma. Pamenepa, chingamu sichingakhale cholimba,
Kutsuka kwamapazi tsiku lililonse ndi madzi ofunda ndi sopo, kenako miyendoyo itapukutidwa ndi thaulo lowuma,
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ozizira a urea. Izi zimanyowetsa khungu.

Pochulukitsa thukuta la miyendo, tikulankhula za kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wa talcum, fumbi la fumbi ndi njira zina zofananira. Misomali iyenera kukonzedwa kokha ndi fayilo ya msomali, pomwe zida zakuthwa (lumo, maloko) siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Type 2 shuga mellitus imaphatikizaponso kuyenda pafupipafupi, komwe kumapangitsa magazi kuyenda ndikuchotsa kukula kwa zovuta.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira malingaliro owonjezera, mwachitsanzo, kuti asanakonzekeretse miyendo yam'munsi, kuwongolera kwawo sikungakhale kovomerezeka. Palibe chimanga, mafinya, khungu loyipa siliyenera kuchotsedwa palokha. Nthawi zina, muyenera kulumikizana ndi katswiri posachedwa. Tikuyankhula za kupezeka kwa zilonda, mabala, mabala, komanso kuwotcha kapena kusinthasintha kwa khungu, kutentha kwanuko.

Zolemba za insulin

Mitundu ya Novorapid, Humalog ndi mitundu ina ya insashort imalimbikitsidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito musanadye chakudya kapena mutangomaliza kumene. Njira iyi ndiyabwino kwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ndipo sayambitsa chisokonezo.

Nthawi yomweyo, mwachitsanzo, insulin yochepa, yopangidwira kuti muchepetse hyperglycemia, imalimbikitsidwa pambuyo pa zakudya zam'mimba. Kuyankhula izi, amalabadira kuti maphunzirowo akuyenera kuchitika mphindi 30 chakudya chisanachitike, chifukwa nthawi yokhayo itayamba kugwira ntchito. Poona mbali zonse za insulin mankhwala, samalani chifukwa:

gawo la mtundu waufupi wa insulin ndi njira yodalira mankhwalawa, ndiko kuti, kukula kwamlingo, kumachedwa kuyamwa.
ngati mungagwiritse ntchito mpaka zigawo zinayi mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndiye kuti zizichita mphindi 15-30. Pomwe chidziwitso chokwanira chidzafika pambuyo pa mphindi 90,
Mlingo wa 20 mayunitsi amakhudza kwambiri maola awiri, pomwe umatha kumaliza atatha anayi, koma osapitirira maola asanu ndi limodzi.

Umu ndi momwe gawo la mahomoni nthawi yayitali lingafanane ndikupanga kwa mahomoni a munthu nthawi zonse. Pankhaniyi, ndikoyenera kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ndi maola 12-14 ndikuilowetsani kawiri: musanadye chakudya cham'mawa komanso musanagone.

Zinthu zomwe zaperekedwazo zimaphatikizapo chinthu chapadera chomwe chimamangiriza insulin, komanso chimalowetsa kulowa kwake m'magazi. Mumsika wamakono mumakhala ma insulin amitundu yambiri, momwe mumakhala kuphatikiza kwa zigawo zazitali komanso zazifupi za mahomoni. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chida chomwe mwaperekedwacho, palibe chifukwa chobayira jakudya musanadye chakudya cham'mawa komanso chakudya chamadzulo, chifukwa mahomoni amathandizidwa mosakaniza ndi singano imodzi. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwanso kuti mapangidwe awa ndi ovuta kwambiri kumwa.