Anzake "amtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga - zovuta kwambiri komanso zovuta

Matenda a shuga ndi vuto lodziwika bwino la endocrine.

Matendawa amasintha kwambiri moyo wa munthu, amapeza zovuta zingapo.

Kodi zovuta za shuga ndi ziti, chifukwa amakula, momwe angachiritsire, nkhaniyo ikunena.

Pathophysiology ya matenda ashuga

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito matenda a shuga imayamba ndikuti kusowa kwa insulin kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo ku mahomoni awa ndi hyperglycemia.

Mkulu kwambiri wama glucose amawonedwa mukatha kudya. Pa mulingo wa shuga pamwamba pa 10 mmol / L, glucosuria imachitika, ndipo kuthamanga kwa osmotic kwamkodzo kumatsika.

Impso zimachepetsa kubwezeretsanso kwa madzi ndi ma elekitirodi. Voliyumu ya tsiku ndi tsiku imafikira malita 3-7. Zotsatira zake, kusowa kwamadzi kumachitika. Popanda insulini, kuwonongedwa kwamafuta ndi mapuloteni ambiri, komwe kumathandizira maselo.

Thupi limataya amino acid ndi asafe, limadziunjikira ma ketones. Zinthu zomalizazi zimagwira gawo lalikulu mu pathological physiology ya shuga mellitus: kuchotsedwa kwa acetoacetic ndi p-hydroxybutyric acids kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa buffer cations, ketoacidosis, ndi kutha kwa malo amchere.

Kuwonjezeka kwa ketoacidosis kumabweretsa kukomoka komanso kufa.

Gulu la zovuta za shuga

Mavuto onse a shuga amapezeka pachimake komanso matenda osachiritsika.

Ketoacidosis

Ketoacidosis ndiye vuto lalikulu kwambiri lomwe limayambitsa imfa.

Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pakati pa matenda ashuga 1.

Njira yotukutsira ili motere: chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin, maselo amalephera kutulutsa glucose kuchokera ku chakudya kukhala mphamvu. Thupi limayamba kulandira mphamvu kuchokera kuma deposits a mafuta, likasweka, matupi a ketone amapangidwa.

Impso sizingagwire ma ketoni ambiri. Kenako acidity yamagazi imachulukanso.

Hypoglycemia

Amadziwika ndi kugwa pamlingo wa glycemia pansipa. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika odwala osadalira insulin.

Ndiwopepuka, momwe ndikokwanira kumwa madzi otsekemera, komanso olemera, omwe amafunika kuti mkati mwa glucose.

Cholinga chachikulu cha hypoglycemia ndicho kuchuluka kwa insulini yambiri ya plasma poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya cholandiridwa ndi chakudya.

Zovuta zazovuta

Mavuto owopsa amakhala ndi ketoacidotic chikomokere. Amapezeka mtundu wa matenda a shuga 1, pakakhala kusowa kwa insulin. Matupi a Ketone amadziunjikira m'thupi, magazi amaphatikizidwa, madzi ochokera mthupi amatayika chifukwa kukodza kwambiri. Munthu amagwa kwakuya kwambiri, amapumira kwambiri, mpweya umanunkhira acetone.

Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma ndimavuto owopsa omwe amapezeka ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga mwa okalamba. Choyambitsa chimakhala matenda, nthawi zambiri chibayo kapena matenda amkodzo. Zimabwera ndi kusowa kwamphamvu kwam'madzi (kuchepa kwamadzi), shuga m'magazi ndiwambiri kwambiri. Vutoli silimachitika kawirikawiri, koma lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu chomwalira.

Rare ndi lactacidic chikomokere, chomwe chinayamba ngati chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 2 omwe amakhalanso ndi mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano (Fenformin kapena Buformin). Vutoli limatha kuchitika ngati pakadali pano munthu akutsatira mosamalitsa kudya popanda kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala kapena ngati amamwa kwambiri panthawi ya chithandizo cha matenda a shuga ndi biguanides (Metformin).

Hypoglycemic coma ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limachitika ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amalimbikitsa katulutsidwe ka insulin ndi maselo a beta, kapena, ngati munthu akumwa shuga kwambiri mthupi popanda kutsitsa mlingo wa insulini (pambuyo pa zochitika zamasewera, ndi zina). Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa phindu la shuga m'magazi ndipo, chifukwa chake, mu ubongo, choyambirira, zimabwera ndikumasulidwa kwa mahomoni omwe amayesa kukweza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe, pamapeto pake, amachititsa kuti anthu asamadziwe. Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri ndikutuluka thukuta, thukuta, mantha, mantha, nkhawa.

Thandizo loyamba pazovuta zovuta

Munthu amene amathandizidwa ndi insulin kapena mapiritsi amakhala pachiwopsezo cha shuga m'magazi (hypoglycemia). Muyenera kuphunzira kuthana ndi zoterezi. Ndikofunikira, posachedwa, kupereka thupi ndi shuga, makamaka mu mawonekedwe a zakumwa zotsekemera kapena masikono. Ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto la hypoglycemia sangathe kumeza, chifukwa sakudziwa, muyenera kumupatsa chidutswa cha shuga pansi pa lilime lake, ndipo nthawi yomweyo pezani thandizo kuchipatala, mphindi iliyonse ndi yofunika! Mu nthawi yodwala odwala matenda ashuga, kufunika ndikuyitanitsa adokotala, kuchipatala ndikofunikira, palibe chofunikira kuchita kunyumba.

Vuto ndi momwe mungasiyanitsire chikomokere cha hypoglycemic, mukafunikira kuwonjezera shuga, kuchokera kuzovuta zina zokhala ndi matenda ashuga, omwe, m'malo mwake, zimaphatikizidwa ndi mfundo za shuga zapamwamba. Pali zosiyana zingapo. Hypoglycemia, mosiyana ndi ena omwe amadwala matenda ashuga, amakula msanga (patapita mphindi zochepa), pakhungu limatupa, palibe kupuma kwakukuru komanso zizindikiro zakutha kwam'madzi (lilime louma). Ngati simukutsimikiza, sichingakhale cholakwika kupatsa munthu wodwala matenda a hyperglycemia, chifukwa moyo sukhala pachiwopsezo kwa mphindi zingapo. Koma cholakwika choopsa chimatha kukhala kuyambitsa insulin panthawi ya hypoglycemia.

Mavuto aakulu

Matenda a shuga amabwera pakapita zaka zopitilira 5 kapena kupitilira, makamaka kwa anthu omwe samatsatira njira zamankhwala ndipo samatsatira kadyedwe.

Zikatero, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha kulikonse m'thupi kungachitike. Kusokonezeka kumakhudza kwambiri maso, impso, miyendo, magazi, magazi am'mimba, komanso ziwalo za genitourinary system. Ndikosatheka kuneneratu mtundu wa zovuta zomwe wodwala matenda ashuga angayambire. Udindo wofunikira umachitika ndi chibadwidwe.

Matenda akulu a matenda a shuga a 2 amaphatikizanso:

1. Matenda a shuga.
2. Matenda a shuga a retinopathy.
3. Matenda a mtima.
4. Matenda a m'mitsempha.
5. Stroko
6. Matenda a shuga.
7. Matenda a matenda ashuga.

Matenda a shuga

Matenda opatsirana bwino a shuga amabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa makhoma a mitsempha yamagazi ya ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo impso. Izi zimabweretsa matenda a shuga.

Kudzera impso, magazi amayenda kudzera mwa otchedwa glomeruli, yomwe imawoneka ngati glomeruli, munthu ali ndi zoposa miliyoni zawo. Mmenemo, magazi amasefa ndipo mkodzo woyamba umapangidwa, zinyalala zikasungunuka. Khoma labwinobwino la glomeruli silingawonongeke kuzinthu zazikulu, monga mapuloteni, kapena zochepa zochepa. Magazi oyeretsedwa kuchokera ku impso amabwerera kumtima.

Matenda a shuga a retinopathy

Matenda a shuga a retinopathy amakhudzanso retina. Retina ndi gawo lamaso lomwe limakhala ndi maselo omwe amalandira kuwala - ndodo ndi ma cones. Maselo amenewa sangaberekenso mu moyo wonse, chifukwa chake, pakuwona bwino ndikofunikira kuti zizigwira ntchito nthawi yayitali. Kwa ntchito yake, retina imafunikira mphamvu ndi mpweya wambiri, zomwe imalandira kudzera m'mitsempha yaying'ono ya magazi yomwe imalowetsedwa ndi mkanda wowonda. Ndipo ndi ziwiya izi zomwe zimawonongeka ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Matenda a mtima

Kuperewera kwa chithandizo chamankhwala kapena matenda abwinobwino a shuga kumafupikitsa moyo wa munthu ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake. Gawo lalikulu mu izi ndikutukuka kwa mitsempha yam'mimba, yonse ya pakhungu, yofanana ndi matenda ashuga, ndi microvascular. Matenda a shuga amathandizira kukulitsa kwa atherosulinosis - kuchepa kwa mitsempha yochepetsetsa, yomwe imatsogolera magazi osayenda bwino mu mtima, bongo ndi m'munsi.

Matenda a m'mitsempha

Matenda a m'mitsempha yamagetsi amawonekera mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga atatha zaka 40 pafupipafupi. Mosiyana ndi anthu athanzi, omwe pakukula kwa matendawa amamva kupweteka kwa mwana wa ng'ombe, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo matendawa amapitilira mobisalira - mwina popanda kupweteka (ngati kumva kosokoneza kumasokonekera nthawi yomweyo ndi neuropathy), kapena pali ululu wamatumbo ozungulira ma ankolo. Matendawa amawonedwa molakwika ngati mavuto amtundu wa mafupa. Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri ndizo gangore - necrosis yathunthu yathunthu, nthawi zambiri ya zala.

Imachitika chifukwa cha kufooka kwa mitsempha yam'mimba kapena chithokomiro, nthawi zina chifukwa chakukutika kwa khoma lakuthwa kwam'mbali komanso kukha magazi m'mitsempha.

Stroko ikhoza kubweretsa kuwonongeka kumodzi mwa malo a ubongo ndikuphwanya ntchito zomwe zikugwirizana, mwachitsanzo, malankhulidwe, mphamvu zamagalimoto, ziwalo zathunthu, ndi zina zambiri. Pankhaniyi, kupewa kumathandiza kwambiri - kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso kuwongolera odwala matenda ashuga.

Peripheral neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy imawonetsedwa ndi kuphwanya kwamvekedwe wamitsempha ya miyendo, nthawi zina manja. Mitsempha iyi imatiuza ngati china chake chili chotentha kapena chozizira, ngati china chake chikukanikiza kapena ngati tikuvulala. Chifukwa chake, odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi vuto ndi malingaliro ozizira kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri, abrasions zingapo kuchokera ku nsapato kapena kuvulala. M'malo awa matenda amatuluka mosavuta.

Ngati neuropathy yapezeka pakanthawi ndipo chithandizo chayambika, siziyenera kupita pakukula kwa zovuta.

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia ndi vuto lomwe limadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pamwamba pa chizolowezi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa hyperglycemia ndi:

• kukhalapo kwa kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa bakiteriya kamapangidwa ndi purulent foci,
• kusowa zolimbitsa thupi
• kuvutitsidwa kwa zakudya zamafuta kwambiri komanso zamafuta,
• jakisoni wa insulin osachedwa kapena kudya piritsi lochepetsa kwambiri,
• kupsinjika
• Matenda a ziwalo zamanja.

Matenda a shuga

Ichi ndi chiopsezo chachikulu kwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga momwe zosokoneza za metabolic zimasokonekera. Zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri kapena kuchepa kwa ndende ya glucose. Amadziwika ndi odwala omwe ali oyamba ndi achiwiri a matenda.

Matenda a matenda ashuga amachitika:

• hypersmolar. Amakula chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa madzi a m'magazi m'matumbo am'madzi,
• ketoacidotic. Amadziwika ndi kudziunjikira kwa ma ketoni m'thupi,
• hypoglycemic. Zimabwera chifukwa cha kutsika kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi,
• lactic acidemia. Amayenda motsutsana ndi maziko a zovuta mu chiwindi, mtima ndi mapapu.

Mavuto oyambirirawo nthawi zambiri amakhala owawa kwambiri, omwe amapita patsogolo mofulumira. Chifukwa chake, zikaonekera, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.

Zotsatira zoyipa za mochedwa (aakulu)?

Matenda a shuga amawopa mankhwalawa, ngati moto!

Muyenera kungolemba ...

Matenda a shuga opatsirana amakula pakatha zaka 10 atazindikira kuti pali matenda ena amtundu wa endocrine. Amaimiridwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, impso, chiwindi, maso, ubongo. Zotulukazo zimatha kuchitika limodzi kapena kuphatikiza.

Retinopathy komanso matenda amtundu (kuphatikiza zigawo)

Retinopathy imamveka kutanthauza kuwonongeka kwa retinal.

Chifukwa chosowa bwino magazi, wandiweyani amalowetsa mawonekedwe mu chiwalo chowoneka.

Muzochitika zapamwamba, kukha magazi kwa mitsempha, zotupa zimayang'aniridwa.

Cataract ndi chowonjezera cha matenda a hyperglycemia syndrome. Amadziwika ndi kufalikira ndi kuyeza kuzungulira kwa mandala. Mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, nthawi zambiri pamakhala chithaphwi chamtundu wina, pomwe pamasunthika zigawo zingapo zapakati.

Macro ndi microvascular angiopathy

Angiopathy imamveka ngati chotupa cha mitsempha yozungulira.. Amawonedwa mu anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi zaka 10-15. Kuphwanya kumagawidwa m'magulu akulu komanso ochepa. Mu nkhani yoyamba, zombo zapakati komanso zazikulu zimakhudzidwa, chachiwiri - capillaries, venule ndi arterioles.

Angiopathy a ziwiya zokhala m'munsi

Polyneuropathy yam'munsi yotsika

Polyneuropathy ndimavuto omwe amakhudzidwa ndi mitsempha yachikazi, yamafupa atatu, nkhope, sayansi ndi oculomotor.

Zimachitika chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa magazi ku mafupa amitsempha. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kutaya mtima, kupweteka kwambiri, ndikuwotcha m'malo omwe akhudzidwa. Zilonda, zoyang'ana necrosis zimatha kupanga pamiyendo.

Matenda a shuga

Matenda a shuga ndi zovuta zomwe zimadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa khungu, mitsempha yaying'ono ndi yayikulu, mafupa, mafupa, minofu ndi mitsempha ya miyendo.

Odwala, zala zimasokonekera, chidwi chimatayika, zilonda zam'mimba zimakhazikika pakhungu. Kupita patsogolo kwakukulu, gangore imachitika.

Matenda amitsempha

Uwu ndiye woyamba komanso pafupipafupi matenda osokonekera omwe amapezeka mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Magawo onse amthupi amanjenje amakhudzidwa: zotulutsa ndi zotumphukira, ubongo ndi msana.

Encephalopathy imawonetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwa ndende, mphamvu yogwira ntchito, kusinthasintha kwa pafupipafupi ndi kufooka kwa minofu.

Pakhoza kukhala paroxysms yodziyimira payokha, kukomoka. Ndi kupita patsogolo, kuperewera kwa piramidi, vuto la vestibular, kuyerekezera zinthu m'magazi, ziwindi zimawonjezeredwa.

Kuopsa kwa zovuta zakuchedwa ndikuti poyambira gawo limayamba mwachinsinsi. Kuti adziwe matenda a shuga omwe amakhala panthawi yake amayesedwa nthawi ndi nthawi.

Ziwerengero zamilandu

Kuchuluka kwa mtundu 1 komanso mtundu wa matenda ashuga 2 kumayiko osiyanasiyana kumasiyana kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 6%.

Masiku ano, matenda a zam'madzi amadziwika ndi anthu 60 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi.

6-10% imawonjezeredwa pachaka kwa chiwerengero chonse cha odwala. Mavuto obwera mosagwirizana ndi kusokonekera kwa endocrine kumabweretsa kulumala koyambirira komanso kufa.

Odwala matenda ashuga, mtima pathologies amapezeka 3 zina, gangrene wa malekezero - 20, khungu - kangapo kangapo mwa anthu athanzi.

Malinga ndi akatswiri a WHO, matenda a shuga amachepetsa kukhala ndi moyo ndi 7%.

Mayeso oyambira ndi njira zodziwira matenda

Kuti muzindikire zovuta za matenda ashuga gwiritsani ntchito njira zogwiritsira ntchito zasayansi ndi othandizira.

Mosalephera, munthu amalephera kuwunika mkodzo ndi magazi, kuchuluka kwa plasma glycemia ndi kutsimikiza.

Kupatula retinopathy ndi ma cataracts, fundus ndi cornea zimayesedwa. Pofuna kupewa mtima ischemia, electrocardiogram amapangidwa. Zovuta zamkati zimapezeka ndikuwunika mwatsatanetsatane wa mkodzo.

Kuthana ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga, mankhwala a hypoglycemic amagwiritsidwa ntchito, insulin therapy imachitika. Kuti muchiritse mofulumira, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira zakudya. Nthawi zina, chithandizo cha opaleshoni chimasonyezedwa.

Mankhwala a insulin komanso mankhwala a hypoglycemic

Pochotsa zovuta, ntchito yayikulu ndikubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Kenako zamatsenga zimayamba kubwezeretsanso, mawonetsedwe ake amachepera. Kuzunzidwa kwa shuga kumadalira zakudya, milingo ya lipid, kulemera.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amathandizidwa pokhapokha pobayira jakisoni. Mankhwalawa amachotsa machitidwe kupangira mahomoni ndi kapamba. Ndi matenda a mtundu wachiwiri, mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zina jakisoni wa insulin amawonjezeredwa mumadontho ang'onoang'ono.

Zakudya zamankhwala

Zakudya za wodwala aliyense zimasankhidwa payekha.Ganizirani zolimbitsa thupi, zaka, kulemera.

Cholinga cha mankhwala othandizira zakudya ndikusunga shuga, cholesterol ndi mafuta munthawi yochepa.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kukhala zosiyanasiyana komanso zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mavitamini, mchere wamchere, fiber ndi mapuloteni.

Ndi mavuto ati omwe amafunikira chithandizo cha opaleshoni?

Ntchito zimachitika pa:

• kupezeka kwa zilonda pamiyendo ndi zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe zimatha kupha magazi ndikufa.
• matenda a impso (makasitomala akuluakulu opanga maopaleshoni ochita kupakidwa impso ndi mtundu 1 ndi mitundu yachiwiri ya ashuga),
• mavuto amaso
• zosokoneza mu ntchito ya mtima.

Ngati matenda a shuga amathandizika mokwanira, chithandizo cha insulin komanso zakudya zimaphatikizidwa, ndiye kuti matendawa amayamba kuchepa.

Kupewa kwa Matenda A shuga

Njira yokhayo yopewera izi ndikulipira metabolism ya glucose bwino. Mukamayandikira shuga m'magazi, nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi mavuto obwera chifukwa cha matenda a endocrine.

Zakudya zochepa za carb ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zimapangitsa kuti kuchepetsedwa kwa insulin komanso thanzi labwino..

Wodwala azisunga zolemera moyenera. Pazifukwa zodzitetezera, amafunikanso kukayezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo pafupipafupi, komanso kukayezetsa ndi endocrinologist.

Matenda a matenda ashuga

Kusintha kwachidziwitso nthawi zambiri kumakhudza minyewa ya miyendo pansi pa thayo. Nthawi zambiri, tikulankhula za zilonda zam'miyendo kapena necrosis kumiyendo. Phazi la matenda ashuga ndi amodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri za matenda ashuga, koma 75% ya milandu imatha kupewedwa. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amayenera kupenda miyendo tsiku lililonse, kumvera chidwi ndi kuvulala kocheperako, kuti ateteze kukula kwawo mu vuto lalikulu lomwe lingayambitse kudula zala kapena dzanja lonse.