Zambiri khumi zokhudza matenda ashuga

• 1 Kodi shuga ndi chiyani?
• 2 Zizindikiro zazikulu komanso zoyambitsa
• 3 madigiri a matenda
• Mitundu 4 ndi mitundu ya matenda ashuga
  • Mtundu woyamba wa 4.1
  • 4.2 Mtundu wachiwiri
  • 4.3 Zolipidwa
  • 4.4 masewera
  • 4.5 Matenda a shuga
  • 4.6 Covert LED
  • 4.7 Wopanda
  • 4.8 Wopanda shuga komanso wogwira ntchito
• 5 malingaliro ena

Mankhwala amakono amasiyanitsa mitundu yapadera ya matenda a shuga, kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kumayambitsa ndi mawonetsedwe, komanso dongosolo la mankhwala. Ma pathologies onse ali ofanana ndipo nthawi yomweyo amasiyana zizindikiro zomwe zimatuluka, koma mulimonsemo, ngati vuto la munthu likuipiraipira, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo, ngati pali kuphwanya kwakukulu, yambani kulandira chithandizo.

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiani?

Matenda a shuga mellitus, mwa chidule, matenda a shuga ndiwowopsa, omwe amalepheretsa matenda a endocrine omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale kuchepa kwa timadzi ta m'magazi, insulin, m'magazi. Homoni yeniyeniyo imatulutsa kapamba. Mu matenda a matenda ashuga, kagayidwe kazakudya kamasokonekera, maselo ndi minyewa yathupi sililandira mphamvu, chifukwa thupi "limakhala ndi njala", momwe limagwirira ntchito moyenera limasokonekera. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi shuga mumagazi anu, aliyense payekhapayekha.

Malinga ndi WHO - World Health Organisation, kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda a shuga kukuchulukirachulukira, ndikofunikira kuti matendawa ayambe kuchepa.

Pali gulu la shuga mellitus, lomwe limafotokoza mitundu yonse ya matenda, komanso mikhalidwe yawo. Mitundu yonse ya matenda ashuga imakhala ndi zizindikiro ndi zizindikilo, kuti mudziwe ndikumvetsetsa mtundu wa zamatenda zomwe zikupita mwa munthu, ndikofunikira kuti muthe kuyesedwa pakapita nthawi, malinga ndi momwe matenda ashuga amatsimikizidwira ndikuwonetsetsa koyambirira.

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Ntchito za WHO

• Pamodzi ndi ntchito zamankhwala zam'deralo, zimagwira ntchito yoletsa matenda ashuga,
• Kukhazikitsa miyambo ndi malingaliro othandizira odwala matenda ashuga,
• Amapereka chidziwitso kwa anthu za kuwopsa kwa matenda ashuga padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza pa mgwirizano ndi MFD, International Diabetes Federation,
• Tsiku la Anthu Omwe Akulumpi Ashuga Padziko Lonse (Novembara 14),
• Kudziwona za matenda ashuga komanso matenda.

Malangizo a WHO padziko lonse lapansi okhudzana ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, zakudya komanso thanzi zimakwaniritsa ntchito ya bungwe lothana ndi matenda ashuga. Chisamaliro chachikulu chimaperekedwa ku njira zapadziko lonse zomwe cholinga chake ndikulimbikitsa moyo wathanzi komanso kudya mokwanira, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokhazikika komanso kulimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

Zolemba zofananira

Zowoneka zowopsa, ndiyenera kunena. Ndikadali mwana, ndinkaona kuti matenda ashuga ndi amtundu wina wamatenda osavulaza, chifukwa choti wodwalayo amangofunika kudya pang'ono. Koma chaka chatha, agogo anga adadulidwa mwendo chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Kuphatikiza apo, adamuwuza kuti chifukwa cha msinkhu wake, sangathe kuyenda mahule, agogo ake amasuntha mothandizidwa ndi miyala. Sanataye mtima. Chilimbikitso chofooka, koma kungotaya mwendo ndikwabwino kuposa kutaya moyo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi zomwe zimayambitsa

Cholinga chachikulu cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa matenda ashuga ndikuphwanya njira za metabolic mthupi, ndiko kuti kusintha kwa kagayidwe kachakudya ka metabolism, chifukwa chake kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu kwa glucose kumadziwika m'madzi a m'magazi. Ngakhale pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ashuga, mitundu yayikulu, kapangidwe ka chitukuko ndi chithandizo chake chomwe ndi chosiyana, ndi mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2. Mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri usakudziwika komanso wosaphunzitsidwa umayamba kukhala mtundu woyamba wa shuga, womwe umakhala wowopsa komanso wovuta kwambiri kuchiza. Ngati munthu ali ndi zizindikiro zotere, musazengereze kukaonana ndi dokotala:

• kumva ludzu kwamphamvu, komwe sikungathetsedwe ngakhale mutamwa madzi ambiri.
• Psychology kuchuluka kwa tsiku lililonse,
• kuwonongeka kwa thanzi labwino, kugona, kutopa konse,
• kuchepa kwambiri kwa thupi, ngakhale kuli kwabwino, ndipo nthawi zina chilakolako chosalamulirika,
• chitukuko cha dermatitis, yomwe ndiyovuta kuchiza,
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe.

Pamene matenda akupita patsogolo, kuphatikiza pa zomwe tafotokozazi, ena amakula. Izi makamaka zimakhudza kusokonezeka kwa thupi lonse. Ngati mulingo wa HbA1C wafika pamavuto, wodwalayo amagwa chikomokere, chomwe chitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zosayembekezereka. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira zokayikitsa, chisankho choyenera chidzakhala kukaonana ndi endocrinologist.

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Miyezo yamatenda

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a prediabetes ali pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2 akamakalamba.

Pali madigiri 4 a shuga:

• Poyamba, maphunziro ofatsa amawonekera, omwe amakonzedwa ndi zakudya.
• Mavuto akupanga kale madigiri awiri, shuga amalipidwa pang'ono.
• Gawo lachitatu silingathe kupirira, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakwera mpaka 15 mmol / L.
• Pa madigiri 4, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakwera mpaka 30 mmol / L, zotsatira zowopsa ndizotheka.

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Mitundu ndi mitundu ya matenda ashuga

Mitundu yayikulu ya matenda a shuga ndi mtundu 1 komanso 2 matenda ashuga. Ma pathologies onsewa ali ndi mgwirizano wofanana - kuchepa kwa insulin. Komabe, mu mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga, kuchepa kwake kulibe kanthu, ndipo mtundu 2 wa shuga ndi wofanana. Mukazindikira mitundu yonse iwiri, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa wina ndi mnzake, popeza mfundo zamankhwala ndizosiyana kotheratu. Matenda a shuga a Atypical amawonekeranso mosiyana. Matenda a shuga a Atypical ali ndi mawonekedwe a 1 ndi 2, amatchedwanso osakanikirana. Ganizirani mitundu ya shuga. Malinga ndi gulu latsopanoli, pali magulu awiri apamwamba a matenda oopsa a shuga - I ndi II.

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Mtundu woyamba

Mtunduwu umatchedwanso kuti insulin-amadalira. Amayamba chifukwa cha autoimmune kapena viral pathology yomwe imasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a kapamba. Matendawa amapezeka kawirikawiri ali ana, nthawi zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ndi matenda:

• chibadwire
• matenda opatsirana oyipa kwambiri,
• kupsinjika
• moyo wolakwika.

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Mtundu wachiwiri

Mtundu wina waukulu ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Ndi iyo, chitsulo chimapanga timadzi tambiri tambiri, komabe, thupi silimawona izi mokwanira, chifukwa chomwe glucose imadziunjikira m'magazi, zimayambitsa hyperglycemia, ndipo maselo ndi minyewa imakhala ndi mphamvu ya njala. Matenda a shuga a Type 2 samakhala matenda obadwa nawo, nthawi zambiri amakula mwa anthu omwe amakhala moyo wopanda thanzi komanso wokhala pachiwopsezo, amakhala ndi zovuta zamafuta kwambiri, amadya zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta amthupi ambiri, mafuta komanso michere yosavuta.

Kupitilira kwa giardiasis kungayambitsenso matenda.

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Zolipidwa

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika

Ndi matenda ashuga, kagayidwe kazakudya umasokonekera, motero chithandizo chachikulu ndikufuna kuti magazi azitha kuzungulira mthupi. Ndi matenda a shuga amellitus, ndizosatheka kukwaniritsa kukhazikika kwa zizindikiro za shuga. Pali mitundu iyi ya matenda ashuga omwe amathandiza kulipira shuga wa plasma:

• zopindika
• zoperekedwa
• kulipidwa.

Ikawola, kagayidwe kazigawo ka glucose kamatsala pang'ono kuzimiririka, pomwe chakudya chimalowa m'madzi a m'magazi, urinalysis imawonetsa kukhalapo kwa acetone ndi shuga. Ndi mawonekedwe oponderezedwa, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ndi wokhazikika, kuyezetsa magazi kumawonetsa kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa glucose, ndipo kupezeka kwa acetone sikuwonetsedwa mu mkodzo. Mitundu yolipiridwayo imadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, acetone ndi shuga mumkodzo sizipezeka.

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Okakamiza

Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amakula nthawi zambiri mwa azimayi omaliza. Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, komwe ndikofunikira pakukhazikika komanso kukhazikika kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Ngati matenda atapezeka pokhapokha pakubala mwana, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri mwana akangobadwa, vutoli limazimiririka popanda kulandira chithandizo chapadera.

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Matenda a shuga

Psoriary matenda, omwe amapezeka ali mwana. Zizindikiro zake zimakhala zofatsa, kuwonongeka m'moyo wabwino sikuwonedwa. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha cholowa chamtundu chomwe chimayendetsa kapamba. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira matendawa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amayamba.

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SD Yobisika

Ilibe zizindikiro zotchulidwa, kuchuluka kwa shuga wa plasma ndikwabwinobwino, kulolera kwa glucose kokha ndi vuto. Ngati simukuzindikira vutoli poyambira ndipo simumachotsa zinthu zomwe zikuwoneka mtsogolo, popita nthawi fomuyi imadzakhala matenda opatsirana a shuga, omwe amatha pambuyo pamavuto, mantha amanjenje kapena matenda oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo.

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Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amamva kukhala athanzi kwathunthu, mutha kuzindikira pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesedwa kwapadera kwa kulekerera kwa chakudya chamthupi.

Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya matenda a shuga ogwirizana ndi mitundu 1 ndi 2. Amayamba chifukwa cha zovuta za mthupi zomwe maselo apadera a pancreatic omwe amapanga insulin amawonongeka. Mankhwalawa akufanana ndi chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, matendawa ndiofunika kuiwongolera kuti tipewe zoopsa. Chithandizo chamakono chikusonyeza kuchitira matendawa mothandizidwa ndi maselo a maselo, pomwe minyewa yamatenda am'mimba ikalowedwa m'malo ndi omwe adapereka.

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Wopanda shuga komanso wogwira ntchito

Izi matenda amapanga motsutsana ndi maziko osakwanira kupanga mahomoni omwe amawongolera mapangidwe a mkodzo. Munthu amakhala ndi nkhawa chifukwa cha ludzu komanso kukodzanso kwamikodzo, ndipo ngozi ya kuperewera kwamadzi imachuluka. Wodwalayo amadya ndi kugona pang'ono, kuchepa thupi msanga. Labile imadziwika ndi kusakhazikika kwa chizindikiro cha shuga masana. M'mawa, munthu amakhala ndi hyperglycemia, ndipo zizindikiro za hypoglycemia zimachitika pafupi ndi chakudya chamadzulo. Ngati vuto sililamulidwa, wodwala matenda ashuga amatha. Fomu yovutikira nthawi zambiri imayamba kukula.

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Mitundu ina

Mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga, omwe ndi osowa kwambiri, imatha kuyambitsa zinthu zakunja, zitsanzo zomwe zimaperekedwa pagome:

Mitundu ya matenda ashuga

Gulu la WHO limasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri yamatenda: kudwala-insulin- (mtundu I) komanso matenda osagwirizana ndi insulin (mtundu II). Mtundu woyamba umakhala muzochitikazo pamene insulin siyipangidwa ndi maselo a pancreatic kapena kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi ochepa kwambiri. Pafupifupi 15-20% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi matenda amtunduwu.

Mwa odwala ambiri, insulin imapangidwa m'thupi, koma maselo sawazindikira. Awa ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga, momwe minyewa yathupi singagwire ntchito shuga kulowa m'magazi. Sisinthidwa mphamvu.

Njira zopezera matendawa

Makina enieni a matenda amayamba. Koma madotolo amatchula gulu la zinthu, chifukwa chomwe chiopsezo cha matenda amtundu wa endocrine chikuwonjezereka:

• kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe kake kapamba,
• kunenepa
• kagayidwe kachakudya matenda
• kupsinjika
• matenda opatsirana
• ntchito zochepa
• chibadwa.

Ana omwe makolo awo amadwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi izi. Koma matenda obadwa nawo samawonekera mwa aliyense. Kuwonongeka kwa kupezeka kwake kumachulukana ndikuphatikiza pazinthu zingapo zowopsa.

Matenda a shuga a insulin

Matenda a Type I amakula mwa achinyamata: ana ndi achinyamata. Makanda omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo cha matenda a shuga amatha kubereka makolo athanzi. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthawi zambiri chibadwidwe cha majini chimafalikira kudzera m'badwo. Nthawi yomweyo, chiopsezo chotenga matendawa kwa bambo ndichoposa cha mayi.

Achibale ambiri akayamba kudwala matenda omwe amadalira insulin, m'pamenenso mwana angadwale. Ngati kholo limodzi lili ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti mwayi wokhala nalo mwa mwana ndi pafupifupi 4-5%: ndi bambo wodwala - 9%, amayi - 3%. Ngati matendawa apezeka mwa makolo onse awiri, ndiye kuti kukula kwake kwa mwana malinga ndi mtundu woyamba ndi 21%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwana m'modzi mwa ana asanu okha ndi amene amakhala ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin.

Matenda amtunduwu amapatsirana ngakhale pakakhala kuti palibe zoopsa. Ngati makina atsimikiza kuti kuchuluka kwa maselo a beta omwe ali ndi vuto la kupanga insulin ndi ochepa, kapena kulibe, ndiye kuti ngakhale mutatsata zakudya ndikukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino, cholowa sichinganyengedwe.

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Kuthekera kwa matenda m'mapasa ofanana, ngati wachiwiri amapezeka ndi matenda omwe amadalira insulin, ndi 50%. Matendawa amapezeka ndi achinyamata. Ngati asanakhale zaka 30, ndiye kuti mutha kudekha. Pambuyo pake, matenda ashuga amtundu wa 1 samachitika.

Kupsinjika, matenda opatsirana, kuwonongeka kwa kapamba kumatha kuyambitsa matendawa. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 zimatha kukhala matenda opatsirana kwa ana: rubella, mumps, chikuku, chikuku.

Kupita patsogolo kwa mitundu yamatendawa, ma virus amatulutsa mapuloteni omwe amafanana ndi maselo a beta omwe amapanga insulin. Thupi limatulutsa ma antibodies omwe amatha kuchotsa ma protein a virus. Koma amawononga ma cell omwe amapanga insulin.

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti si mwana aliyense yemwe adzadwala matenda a shuga atadwala. Koma ngati makolo a amayi kapena abambo anali odwala matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, ndiye kuti mwayi wa matenda osokoneza bongo kwa mwana ukuwonjezeka.

Matenda osagwirizana ndi insulin

Nthawi zambiri, ma endocrinologists amazindikira matenda amtundu II. Kukhazikika kwa maselo kwa insulin yopanga ndi chibadwa. Koma nthawi yomweyo, munthu ayenera kukumbukira zovuta zoyipa zomwe zimabweretsa.

Kuthekera kwa matenda ashuga kumafika 40% ngati m'modzi mwa makolo adwala. Ngati makolo onse amadziwa bwino matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti mwana atha kudwala 70%. Amapasa ofanana, matendawa amawonekanso 60% ya milandu, mapasa ofanana - 30%.

Kupeza kuthekera kwa kufala kwa matenda kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu, munthu ayenera kuzindikira kuti ngakhale ndi chibadwa chamalingaliro, ndikotheka kupewa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda. Vutoli limakulirakulira chifukwa izi ndi matenda aanthu azaka zapenshoni komanso zopumira. Ndiye kuti, imayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, mawonetsedwe oyamba amapita osadziwika. Anthu amatembenukira ku zizindikilo ngakhale mkhalidwe utakula.

Nthawi yomweyo, anthu amayamba kudwala endocrinologist atakwanitsa zaka 45. Chifukwa chake, pakati mwazomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa sikuti kumatulutsa kudzera m'magazi, koma zotsatira zoyipa zoyambitsa matenda. Mukamatsatira malamulowo, ndiye kuti matenda a shuga angathe kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.

Kupewa matenda

Popeza timvetsetsa momwe matenda a shuga amathandizidwira, odwala amadziwa kuti ali ndi mwayi wopewa kuchitika. Zowona, izi zimangogwira mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga okha. Ndi chibadwa chovuta, anthu ayenera kuwunika azaumoyo ndi onenepa.Njira yothandizira zolimbitsa thupi ndiyofunika kwambiri. Kupatula apo, katundu wosankhidwa bwino amatha kulipirira gawo la insulin chitetezo cha maselo.

Njira zodzitetezera pakukula kwa matendawa ndi monga:

• kukana chakudya cham'mimba chambiri,
• kutsika kwamafuta olowa mthupi,
• kuchuluka kwa ntchito
• lawani kuchuluka kwa mchere,
• mayeso a pafupipafupi, kuphatikiza kuyang'ana magazi, kuchita mayeso okhudzana ndi shuga, kusanthula kwa glycosylated hemoglobin.

Ndikofunikira kukana kokha kuchokera ku chakudya chambiri: maswiti, masikono, shuga woyengedwa. Amatha kudya michere yambiri, nthawi yakusokonekera yomwe thupi limayenda munsito, ndikofunikira m'mawa. Kudya kwawo kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Nthawi yomweyo, thupi silimakhala ndi katundu wambiri; kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba kumangopangitsa.

Ngakhale kuti matenda ashuga amawona kuti ndi matenda obadwa nawo, ndizowona kuti kupewa kukula kapena kuchedwetsa nthawi.