06 May, 2024
    Zakudya za shuga

    Matenda a shuga a shuga: zakudya, zitsanzo mndandanda, mindandanda wazovomerezeka ndi zoletsedwa

    Matenda a shuga ndi nephropathy ndi lingaliro lalikulu lomwe limaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa impso zambiri. Itha kuyamba mpaka gawo lomaliza, pomwe wodwalayo angafunikire kuyimba pafupipafupi.

    Kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikusintha chithunzi cha chipatala, muyenera kudya zakudya zapadera. Ikhoza kukhala yotsika-chakudya pang'ono komanso mapuloteni otsika (m'gawo lomaliza la matendawa).

    Zakudya za matenda a shuga a nephropathy zidzafotokozedwera pansipa, mndandanda woyenerera udzaperekedwa, komanso maubwino azakudya zamafuta ochepa a mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga a 2.

    Matendawa amakhala m'gulu lotsogola pakati pa zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Ambiri mwa odwala omwe ayimirira mzere wobwezeretseka kwa impso ndi dialysis ndi odwala matenda ashuga.

    Matenda a diabetes ndi nephropathy ndi lingaliro lalikulu lomwe limaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa glomeruli, tubules, kapena zombo zomwe zimadyetsa impso. Matendawa amakula chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

    Choopsa cha nephropathy chotere kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndikuti gawo lomaliza limatha kukhazikika pakufunika kwa dialysis. Poterepa, mapuloteni omwe amachulukitsa ntchito ya impso sawayikidwa konse pachakudya.

    • ulesi
    • kulawa kwazitsulo mkamwa
    • kutopa,
    • miyendo kukokana, nthawi zambiri madzulo.

    Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga a nephropathy samadziwonetsa pokhazikika. Chifukwa chake ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga azikayezetsa kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka:

    1. kuyesa kwa mkodzo kwa creatinine, albin, microalbumin,
    2. Ultrasound a impso
    3. kuyezetsa magazi kwa creatinine.

    Popanga matenda, madokotala ambiri amalimbikitsa kudya zakudya zama protein ochepa, akumakhulupirira kuti ndi omwe amathandizira impso. Izi ndizowona, koma osati mapuloteni omwe adakhala ngati chitukuko cha matenda ashuga. Cholinga cha izi ndi shuga wowonjezereka, omwe ali ndi poizoni pakhungu la impso.

    Kuti mupewe gawo lomaliza la matenda a impso, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Mankhwala oterowo azikhala ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa - shuga wambiri.

    Kusankha kwazinthu pokonzekera menyu kuyenera kutengera mndandanda wawo wa glycemic index (GI).

    Sonyezani shuga lanu kapena sankhani jenda kuti mulimbikitsidwe

    Zakudya zochepa zama carbohydrate zimasunga matenda abwinobwino a shuga 2, pomwe mtundu woyamba umachepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin yochepa komanso ya ultrashort. Ndi malo awa omwe amathandiza kupewa zovuta zambiri kuchokera ku matenda ashuga.

    Lingaliro la GI ndi chisonyezo cha digito cha kudya ndi kuwonongeka kwa mafuta m'magazi, zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, atatha kugwiritsa ntchito. Pochepetsa chizindikiro, "chotetezeka" chakudya.

    Mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zili ndi GI yotsika ndizokwanira kwambiri, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopanga chakudya chokwanira, osataya kukoma kwa mbale. Mlozera wotsika udzakhala mpaka mayunitsi 50, pafupifupi mayunitsi 50 mpaka 70, komanso okwera 70.

    Nthawi zambiri, ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 komanso matenda a shuga a 2, zakudya zokhala ndi cholozera pakati zimaloledwa kangapo pa sabata. Koma ndi matenda ashuga a nephropathy amatsutsana.

    Zakudya za shuga za nephropathy sizimangokhala zakudya zokha ndi GI yotsika, komanso njira zamatenda othandizira kutentha. Kuphika kotsatiraku ndikovomerezeka:

    • kwa okwatirana
    • wiritsani
    • pa microwave
    • simmer mumafuta ochepa,
    • kuphika
    • ophika pang'onopang'ono, kupatula ngati "mwachangu".

    Pansipa pali mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zakudya zimapangidwira.

    Chakudya cha wodwalayo chimayenera kukhala chosiyanasiyana.Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zimakhala ndi chimanga, nyama kapena nsomba, masamba, zipatso, mkaka ndi mkaka wowawasa. Mlingo wamadzi akumwa ndi malita awiri.

    Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zipatso ndi zipatso zamabulosi, ngakhale kuchokera ku zipatso zomwe zili ndi GI yotsika, ndizoletsedwa pazakudya. Ndi mankhwalawa, amataya CHIKWANGWANI, chomwe chimagwira ntchito yolowa yunifolomu m'magazi.

    Zipatso ndi zipatso zimadyedwa bwino m'mawa, osaposa 150 - 200 magalamu. Sayenera kubweretsedwa pachikhalidwe kuti asachulukitse GI. Ngati saladi wa zipatso wakonzedwa kuchokera ku izi, ndiye kuti izi ziyenera kuchitika posachedwa kuti tisunge mavitamini ndi michere yambiri ambiri momwe tingathere.

    Zipatso Zotsika za GI ndi Zipatso:

    1. akuda ndi ofiira
    2. jamu
    3. maapulo amtundu uliwonse, kutsekemera kwawo sikukhudza kalozera,
    4. peyala
    5. apurikoti
    6. mabuluni
    7. rasipiberi
    8. sitiroberi
    9. zipatso zamtchire.
    10. zipatso zamtundu uliwonse wa malalanje - mandimu, lalanje, mandarin, pomelo, laimu.

    Masamba ndiye maziko azakudya za matenda ashuga ndipo amapanga theka la zakudya zonse. Amatha kuwadyetsa chakudya cham'mawa, onse, komanso tiyi wamadzulo ndi chakudya chamadzulo. Ndikwabwino kusankha masamba omwe ali ndi nyengo, ali ndi michere yambiri.

    Masamba a otsika GI odwala matenda ashuga nephropathy:

    • squash
    • anyezi
    • adyo
    • biringanya
    • phwetekere
    • nyemba zobiriwira
    • mphodza
    • nandolo zatsopano zowuma,
    • mitundu yonse ya kabichi - kolifulawa, broccoli, kabichi yoyera ndi yofiira,
    • tsabola wokoma.

    Kuchokera ku mbewu monga chimanga, mumatha kuphika mbale zonse ziwiri ndikuwonjezera mbale zoyambirira. Kusankha kwawo kuyenera kusamala kwambiri, popeza ena ali ndi GI yapakati komanso yapamwamba. Ndi matenda ashuga, osalemedwa ndi matenda ena, madokotala nthawi zina amalola phala ya chimanga kudya - GI m'malire kwambiri, popeza ili ndi michere yambiri. Koma ndi matenda ashuga nephropathy, kumwa kwake kumatsutsana. Popeza kulumpha pang'ono m'magazi a magazi kumayambitsa kupsinjika kwa impso.

    Pafupifupi zonse zamkaka ndi mkaka wowawasa zomwe zimakhala ndi GI yotsika, ndizokhazo zomwe siziyenera kuphatikizidwa:

    1. wowawasa zonona
    2. mafuta 20% mafuta,
    3. yogurt yabwino ndi zipatso,
    4. batala
    5. margarine
    6. tchizi zolimba (kalozera kakang'ono, koma zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu),
    7. wokometsedwa mkaka
    8. tchizi chowala,
    9. curd misa (kuti isasokonezeke ndi kanyumba tchizi).

    Mazira amaloledwa m'magulu a shuga kuposa tsiku lililonse, chifukwa yolk imakhala ndi cholesterol yoyipa. Ndi nephropathy iyi, ndikwabwino kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mwanjira imeneyi.

    Izi sizikugwira ntchito pamapuloteni, GI yawo ndi 0 PIECES, ndipo index yolk ndi 50 PIECES.

    Nyama ndi nsomba zimayenera kusankha mitundu yamafuta ochepa, ndikuchotsa zotsalira za khungu ndi mafuta. Caviar ndi mkaka ndizoletsedwa. Zakudya zamafuta ndi nsomba zili m'zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka kamodzi patsiku.

    Ndimalola nyama ndi zotere:

    • nkhuku
    • zinziri
    • nkhuku
    • nyama ya kalulu
    • ng'ombe
    • ng'ombe
    • ng'ombe chiwindi
    • chiwindi nkhuku
    • lilime la ng'ombe.

    Kuchokera ku nsomba, mutha kusankha:

    Kupanga chakudya cha odwala odwala matenda ashuga kuchokera ku mitundu yonse yomwe ili pamwambapa, munthu amalandila chakudya choyenera komanso chopatsa thanzi.

    Cholinga chake ndi kukhala ndi shuga m'magazi momwe muliri.

    Zosankha zomwe zili pansipa zimatha kusinthidwa malinga ndi zomwe amakonda. Chachikulu ndichakuti zinthuzo zimakhala ndi GI yotsika ndipo zimakonzedwa moyenera. Ndi zoletsedwa kuwonjezera mchere mu chakudya, ndibwino kuchepetsa mchere wambiri.

    Osaloleza kufa ndi njala komanso kudya kwambiri. Zinthu ziwiri izi zimadzetsa kulumpha kwa shuga. Kudya m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, kasanu mpaka sikisi patsiku.

    Ngati mukumva njala yayikulu, imaloledwa kukhala ndi zokhwasula pang'ono, mwachitsanzo, gawo laling'ono la saladi ya masamba kapena kapu yamkaka.

    • kadzutsa woyamba - saladi wa zipatso,
    • Chakudya chotsatira cham'mawa chachiwiri - omelet kuchokera ku mapuloteni ndi ndiwo zamasamba, tiyi wobiriwira wokhala ndi mkate wa rye
    • nkhomaliro - msuzi wamasamba, barele wokhala ndi cutlet ya nsomba, khofi wobiriwira ndi zonona,
    • tiyi wamasana - saladi wamasamba, tiyi,
    • chakudya chamadzulo choyamba - tsabola wokoma wokhazikika ndi nkhuku yokazinga ndi mpunga wamafuta, tiyi,
    • chakudya chachiwiri - theka kapu ya yogati.

    1. kadzutsa woyamba - apulo umodzi, tchizi chanyumba,
    2. chakudya chachiwiri cham'mawa chokhala ndi matenda ashuga amitundu iwiri monga biringanya, phwetekere, anyezi ndi tsabola wokoma, tiyi wobiriwira,
    3. nkhomaliro - msuzi wa buckwheat, phala la barele ndi cutlet nyama yanyama, khofi wobiriwira ndi kirimu,
    4. Chakudya chamadzulo - zakudya zonunkhira bwino, buledi
    5. chakudya chamadzulo - masamba, nyama saladi.

    • kadzutsa woyamba - saladi wa zipatso wokometsedwa ndi kefir,
    • nkhomaliro - omeleramu ochokera ku mapuloteni, khofi ndi kirimu.
    • nkhomaliro - supu yamasamba, phala balere ndi miyala yodulira kuchokera ku chiwindi cha nkhuku yoyamwa, tiyi wobiriwira,
    • tiyi wamadzulo - 150 ml ya yogati,
    • Chakudya chamadzulo choyamba - kabichi woyamwa ndi mpunga ndi bowa, kagawo ka mkate wa rye,
    • chakudya chachiwiri ndi tiyi yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga.

    1. kadzutsa woyamba - odzola pa oatmeal, kagawo ka mkate wa rye,
    2. nkhomaliro - saladi wa masamba, dzira yophika, tiyi wobiriwira,
    3. nkhomaliro - msuzi wa peyala, biringanya wowotchera, wophika mkate, tiyi,
    4. chakudya chamasana - magalamu 150 a kanyumba tchizi ndi zipatso zingapo zouma (maapulo owuma, mitengo yaminda, nkhuyu),
    5. chakudya chamadzulo choyamba - chakudya chokhala ndi lilime la ng'ombe yophika, tiyi,
    6. chakudya chachiwiri - 150 ml ya ryazhenka.

    • kadzutsa woyamba - saladi wa zipatso,
    • nkhomaliro - saladi wa masamba, chidutswa cha mkate wa rye,
    • nkhomaliro - msuzi wamasamba, bowa wophika ndi nkhuku, khofi wobiriwira ndi kirimu,
    • tiyi wamadzulo - magalamu 150 a kanyumba tchizi, zipatso zouma, tiyi,
    • chakudya chamadzulo choyamba - barele, chakudya chansomba, tiyi wobiriwira,
    • chakudya chachiwiri ndi kapu ya kefir yopanda mafuta.

    1. kadzutsa woyamba - khofi wobiriwira wokhala ndi zonona, zidutswa zitatu za ma cookie a shuga pa fructose,
    2. nkhomaliro - omammamu ndi masamba, tiyi wobiriwira,
    3. nkhomaliro - msuzi wamafuta a brown
    4. masana chakudya - onunkhira pa oatmeal, kagawo ka mkate wa rye,
    5. chakudya choyamba - nsomba, kuphika m'chikwama ndi masamba, tiyi,
    6. chakudya chachiwiri - theka kapu ya yogati.

    • kadzutsa woyamba - tiyi wokhala ndi tchizi,
    • chakudya cham'mawa chachiwiri - mafuta omwera kuchokera ku mapuloteni ndi ndiwo zamasamba, buledi
    • nkhomaliro idzakhala msuzi wa pea kwa anthu 2 odwala matenda ashuga okhala ndi buledi wa rye, buwheat wokhala ndi nsomba zamtundu wina, khofi wobiriwira,
    • tiyi wamadzulo - tchizi chanyumba ndi zipatso zouma, tiyi,
    • chakudya chamadzulo choyamba - mphodza, chiwindi, tiyi wobiriwira,
    • chakudya chachiwiri ndi kapu ya yogati.

    Kanemayo munkhaniyi akufotokozera chifukwa chake kuwonongeka kwa impso kumachitika ndi matenda ashuga.

    Sonyezani shuga lanu kapena sankhani jenda kuti mulimbikitsidwe

    Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga nephropathy poyerekeza ndi zakudya za shuga zimasiyana kwambiri. Mudzafunika kusiya mapuloteni amtundu wa nyama, chifukwa amasokoneza ntchito ya impso. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe zimakhala ndi chitsulo, folic acid, ndi mavitamini a B ndi C ziyenera kukhala patsogolo pazakudya.

    Matenda a shuga ndi nephropathy ndi lingaliro lovuta. Zimaphatikizanso gulu la matenda a impso omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kosalekeza m'magazi a magazi. Chimodzi mwa mawonekedwe a matenda a shuga a nephropathy ndi kulephera kwaimpso.

    Ndi diabetesic nephropathy, chakudyacho chimapangidwa kuti chikhale ndi matenda a wodwalayo komanso kupewa mavuto. Mukayerekezera zakudya ndi shuga ndi zakudya ndi nephropathy ya impso, mfundo zofunika ndizofanana:

    • Kusintha koyenera. Ndi matenda ashuga, oyambira koyambirira komanso osakhwima, muyenera kusiya zinthu zomwe mumazidziwa bwino kwambiri. Izi ndi nyama zakumwa, marinade, mowa, zonunkhira, mchere, zotsekemera, ufa. Kulephera uku kumabweretsa kuperewera kwa michere, ndiye muyenera kuwapanga kudzera muzakudya zoyenera. Matenda a shuga akamadwala, njira zambiri zowonongeka zimachitika mthupi. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi matenda operewera. Izi zimatsogolera pakupanga zinthu zazing'ono komanso zazikulu kuchokera mthupi.Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndizophatikizira monga makangaza, beets, mphesa, kabichi muzakudya zimathandizira kupanga.
    • Magawo ang'onoang'ono. Ndi matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kupewa kudya kwambiri. Poterepa, katundu pazinthu zodyera ziwonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo izi zimakwiyira ndi kulumpha lakuthwa mu shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, mu mawonekedwe osakhazikika a matenda ashuga, kupanga ma enzyme omwe amatulutsidwa ndi dongosolo la m'mimba kumachepa. Izi zimayambitsa kusokonezeka, kutsekula m'mimba, kutulutsa magazi, kusanza, kuyamwa. Mukachepetsa kukula kwake kukhala 250-300 g (pafupifupi kukula kwa nkhonya), m'mimba ndi matumbo sizikhala ndi nkhawa.
    • Shuga wochepera. Ndemanga ndizosafunikira - shuga wocheperako amatha kupangitsa kuti wodwalayo asokonezeke kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pakukonzekera chakudya, ndikofunikanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga, osadya maola awiri musanadye.
    • Kukana mchere. Onse shuga ndi mchere amakola madzi mthupi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amadwala edema. Mchere wambiri wololedwa tsiku lililonse ndi 3 g.
    • Kudya zakudya zokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic (GI) ndizomwe zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe amapezeka m'thupi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi thupi ndikuwonjezera shuga.
    Mndandanda Wamtundu Wapansi wa GIMalingaliro azakumwa
    Zipatso ndi zipatso
    • akuda ndi ofiira
    • jamu, maapulo, peyala, apurikoti,
    • mabulosi, rasipiberi, sitiroberi,
    • sitiroberi, ndimu, lalanje, mandarin, pomelo, laimu
    		Zipatso za citrus zimayenera kusamala ndi iwo omwe ali ndi gastritis, matenda am'mimba am'mimba, komanso colitis. 1 chipatso chololedwa patsiku
    Masamba
    • squashi, anyezi, adyo,
    • biringanya, phwetekere, nyemba zobiriwira,
    • mphodza, kaloti, beets,
    • nandolo zatsopano zowuma,
    • mitundu yonse ya kabichi - kolifulawa, broccoli, kabichi yoyera ndi yofiira, tsabola wokoma
    		Anyezi ndi adyo amatsutsana mu gastritis ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Kabichi ingayambitse kutulutsa ndi kukondwerera, kotero sikuti kupitilira 300. Ndi zukini, kaloti, nephropathy, mosamala, popeza ndi okodzetsa (awa ndi owonjezera pa impso)
    Mbalebarele, barele, mpunga wopanda bulauni, bulwheat, bulgurBulgur patsiku, mutha kudya mbale 1 (osapitirira 100 g ya mankhwala owuma), popeza ndiotchipa kwambiri (345-360 g mu 100 g of product)
    Zinthu zamkaka
    • kirimu wowawasa, zonona 20%,
    • yogurt yabwino ndi zipatso, batala, margarine, tchizi zolimba,
    • wokometsedwa mkaka, wokometsedwa curd, curd
    		Tchizi cholimba patsiku sichitha kudyedwa osapitilira 30 g chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri kwa kalori.

    Wowawasa kirimu ndi batala - osaposa supuni patsiku, makamaka mu kavalidwe kapena msuzi

    Kugwiritsa ntchito nyama kwa matenda ashuga komanso matenda ashuga nephropathy ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. Ngati odwala matenda ashuga akulimbikitsidwa kudya nyama yopendekera (nkhuku, nkhuku, kalulu, nyama yamphongo), ndiye kuti nephropathy, ngakhale pang'ono ndi pang'ono imayenera kusiyidwa. Kupanda kutero, impso zimalephera konse.

    Ndemanga Zaathanzi! Ndi diabetesic nephropathy, kapangidwe ka impso kamasinthasintha - ma tubules ndi glomeruli amawonjezeka kukula chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa minofu yolumikizana. Chifukwa cha izi, kutuluka kwa magazi kumasokonekera, kotero kuthekera kwakufefa ndikuchotsa poizoni kumakulirakulira. Zakudya zambiri zanyama zomwe nyama zimadya, ndizochuluka kwambiri ndi impso. Mitundu ya nayitrogeni, zopangidwa zomaliza za kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni, zimalowa m'magazi. Ngati simutenga nthawi yake ndikupita kumndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni azomera (mwachitsanzo, ma legamu), dialysis ingafunike posachedwa. Iyi ndi njira yotsuka yoyeretsera magazi, yomwe, monga impso, imakupatsani mwayi kusefa zinthu za metabolic ndikuzichotsa m'thupi.

    Mulingo wambiri wovomerezeka wa protein tsiku lililonse ndi 70 g.

    Kusiyana kwina kwakukulu pakudya kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga komanso odwala matenda a shuga.Kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi patsiku. Poyamba, kuchuluka kochepa kwamadzi patsiku ndi 1.5-2 malita. Ndizomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi mchere wamchere.

    Ndi diabetesic nephropathy, kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi kumachepetsedwa ndi theka kuti muchepetse nkhawa pazimpso. Onse mndandanda wazogulitsa komanso kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi patsiku ndizotsimikiziridwa ndi adokotala.

    Mukamadya masamba, zipatso ndi zipatso, pewani zomwe zili ndi oxalic acid. Mlingo wama microscopic, udzu winawake, sipinachi, sorelo, parsley, ndi rhubarb amaloledwa. Komanso ma apricots, zinanazi, nthochi, zukini, mapichesi, parsley. Palinso tomato, akuda, ma radish, katsabola, nyemba, horseradish, sipinachi ndi mbatata. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito, ndiye kuti mumakhala mtundu wa saladi kapena gawo limodzi la msuzi.

    Mu matenda a shuga a nephropathy, osati magawo a impso (nephrons), komanso mitsempha yoyandikana ndi magazi, amavutika. Mapeto ake, cholesterol imadziunjikira, chifukwa chake makoma am'zombo amakhala ochepa thupi, motero, kupezeka kwawo kwa mapuloteni kumawonjezeka. Ndipo chifukwa cha kusintha kowopsa mu impso, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera. Chimodzi mwa zolinga zikuluzikulu za kadyedwe ndikukhazikika kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi komanso kuchepetsa magazi.

    Zomwe zimapatsa thanzi komanso kuphatikiza kwa zinthu kumatengera gawo la matendawa. Pachigawo choyambirira, muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri kuti musatseguke m'magazi a magazi.

    Ngati matendawa wadwala kwambiri, choyambirira, muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a nyama. Zoyenera, zimasiyidwa kwathunthu, ndikusintha ndi masamba - osaposa 70 g patsiku. Gawo lotsatira ndikuletsedwa kwamadzimadzi (mpaka 1 lita imodzi). Kukana kwa diuretic zinthu (nkhaka, zukini, mavwende, udzu winawake, parsley). Zonsezi kuti muchepetse kukula kwa minofu yolumikizana ndi impso, kuchepetsa kuledzera, kuchepetsa nkhawa pa impso ndikuchedwa kutsegulanso nthawi ya dialysis.

    Maphikidwe ophika ndi nephropathy amatha kupezeka mu kanema pansipa.

    Matenda a shuga ndi matenda a impso omwe minofu ya chiwalo ndi ziwiya zake zimakhudzidwa, nthawi zambiri imayamba ngati shuga. Mankhwala, mankhwala ndi zakudya zapadera za matenda a shuga a nephropathy amalembedwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa katundu pa kwamikodzo dongosolo ndi kuopsa kwa chithunzichi.

    Kusankhidwa kwa zakudya za nephropathy kumachitika ndi adokotala omwe amapita, kutengera deta yomwe idapezedwa pakuyesa. Chithunzi cha zakudya munthawi yamatendawa chimathandiza kuthana ndi kutupa kwambiri kwa thupi, kusintha mulingo wamadzi. Chifukwa cha izi, kuuma kwa zizindikiro za kuledzera kwamthupi kumachepa ndipo ntchito yodutsitsa thupi imasintha. Kusankhidwa kwa tebulo lazakudya ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala oyipa omwe amachokera ku chakudya.

    Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa zizindikiro, chomwe chimayambitsa matenda, komanso momwe wodwalayo alili, tebulo lazakudya 7, 7a, 7b ndi mankhwala.

    Madera onse azakudya amatengera mfundo za onse:

    • kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamafuta ndi nyama zamapuloteni, zomwe zimasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi mafuta a masamba,
    • kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa mchere womwe umatha kudya kilogalamu imodzi yolemera,
    • kukana zamzitini, yokazinga, kusuta, mchere, zokometsera ndi zakudya zowuma.
    • kuchuluka kumwa boma,
    • zakudya zazing'ono zomwe ndimadya pafupipafupi m'magawo ang'onoang'ono,
    • kupatula mafuta opepuka ndi shuga,
    • ndi kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m'magazi - kuchepa kwake ndi chakudya,
    • potaziyamu wotsika kwambiri - kuonetsetsa kuti chakudya chokwanira,
    • kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zopezeka mu phosphorous,
    • kudya zakudya zokhala ndi chitsulo chambiri,
    • zinthu zonse zimadyedwa zophika kapena zophika parugril,
    • Zakudya za ana zimafanana ndi njira ya akulu.

    Panthawi yodwala ziwalo zophatikizika, momwe zimagwirira ntchito zimakhudzika, zomwe zimawonetsedwa kuchepa kwa kuthetsedwa kwa poizoni ndi poizoni m'thupi. Chovuta kwambiri kwa impso ndi mankhwala asafe, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zamapuloteni zomwe zimachokera ku nyama. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zonse za matenda a impso zimapangidwa kuti muchepetse pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a nyama omwe amadya ndikuwonjezera mapuloteni ake.

    Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kukana kwambiri zinthu zamapuloteni kumavulaza thupi lopanda mphamvu ndipo kungayambitse kukulira kwa vutoli. Chifukwa chake, njirayi iyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muthawe zakudya zamafuta ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi (nkhuku, nsomba zamafuta ochepa, venal).

    Mchere wambiri m'zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku umatsogolera pakupanga kutupa ndi kuwonjezeka kwamkati ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Chifukwa chake, kuti muchepetse kuuma kwa zizindikiro izi, mchere wofunikira pang'onopang'ono ndi wofunikira.

    Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphika chakudya popanda mchere kapena, ngati kuli kofunika, onjezerani mchere musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito. Pofuna kusintha makomedwe azakudya, mchere ungalowe m'malo ndi madzi a phwetekere popanda mchere, mandimu, adyo, anyezi, zitsamba.

    Zovuta za impso zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa njira yochotsa potaziyamu m'thupi, yomwe imayang'anira ntchito ya ziwalo zophatikizika, minofu yamtima ndi minofu minofu. Chifukwa chake, kuchepa kwake kapena kuchepa kwake kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zosasintha m'thupi. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kukulitsa kudya kwa potaziyamu tsiku lililonse m'magawo oyamba a nephropathy, ndikuwachepetsa pambuyo pake.

    Kuchulukana kwa phosphorous m'magazi kumabweretsa kuyambika pang'onopang'ono kwa calcium kuchokera mthupi, kukulira kupweteka kwamalumikizidwe ndi kupindika pang'onopang'ono kwa mafupa ndi cartilage. Phosphorous imapangitsanso minofu kuumitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwamphamvu kwa impso, minofu ya mtima, mafupa ndi mapapu. Chifukwa chake, matenda a impso amawonetsedwa ndi ma dermatoses oyenda, kutsekeka kwa mtima komanso kumva kuwawa m'mapapu. Mu nthawi yovuta kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kudya zinthu zamtunduwu, zomwe zithandizira kufulumizitsa kuchira.

    Kumwa madzi okwanira okwanira ndi gawo lofunikira pakudya koyenera. Madzi amathandizira kuyeretsa thupi pazinthu zovulaza, zomwe zimakhudzanso mphamvu za kuchira. Kuti muwone kuyendetsa bwino mkodzo, munthawi ya chithandizo muyenera kusiya zakudya zonunkhira, zamafuta, zamchere komanso zamzitini, zomwe zimasungabe madzi mthupi ndikupangitsa kuti liwonongeke komanso kuchuluka kwa kutupa.

    Panthawi ya a impso pathologies komanso aimpso kulephera, menyu uyenera kuphatikizapo zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chitsulo, zinc, calcium ndi selenium. Mkati mwa matendawa, kagayidwe kosokonekera kamabweretsa kusowa kwa zinthu zofunikira zomwe zimafunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa ziwalo ndi machitidwe.

    Zakudya za matenda a shuga a nephropathy No. 7 tikulimbikitsidwa kubwezeretsa kagayidwe kachakudya, kuchepetsa kutupa, mtsempha wamagazi ndi magazi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda ashuga komanso dysmetabolic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, kulephera kwaimpso ndi zina.

    Malinga ndi malingaliro a patebulopo, zinthu zomwe zili ndi zakudya zamafuta kwambiri ndi mafuta zimagwera pansi pa zoletsedwa. Zakudya zimakonzedwa popanda mchere. Voliyumu ya tsiku ndi tsiku yamadzi akumwa sioposa 1 lita. Zinthu zopezeka tsiku ndi tsiku zophatikizira siziposa 2900 kcal, kuphatikiza mafuta - mpaka 450 g, mapuloteni - mpaka 80 g, mafuta - mpaka 100 g, shuga - mpaka 90 g.

    Pakudya No. 7 amaloledwa kudya:

    • msuzi pa msuzi wa masamba,
    • nyama ndi lilime,
    • nsomba zamafuta ochepa
    • zopangidwa mkaka, kupatula tchizi,
    • phala
    • masamba
    • chipatso
    • mazira osapitilira 2 ma..,
    • wokondedwa, kupanikizana, zakudya,
    • buledi ndi zikondamoyo zopanda mchere.

    • mchere wamafuta
    • nyama ndi nsomba zamitundu yamafuta zamafuta ndikuzitulutsa,
    • bowa
    • tchizi cholimba komanso chofewa,
    • nyemba
    • zogulitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi oxalic ndi ascorbic acid,
    • Chocolate

    Amalembera nephropathy, matenda aimpso kulephera, glomerulonephritis kuti muchepetse katundu pa odwala ophatikizana ziwalo, kusintha kagayidwe kachakudya njira ndi kuchepetsa zovuta zizindikiro (edema, kuthamanga kwa magazi).

    Mapuloteni ndi mchere zimaletsedwa, mafuta ndi chakudya amachepetsa pang'ono. Zokonda zimaperekedwa ku zomwe zimachokera kuzomera. Zakudya zama protein tsiku lililonse sizoposa 20 g, theka la zomwe zimachokera ku nyama. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta sikuyenera kupitirira 80 g, chakudya chama 350, pomwe 1/3 ndi shuga. Madzi a tsiku ndi tsiku amawerengedwa poyerekeza kuchuluka kwa mkodzo watsiku ndi tsiku, kuphatikiza 0,5 malita.

    Mndandanda wazinthu zovomerezeka:

    • katundu wopanda makeke,
    • supu zamasamba
    • Mitundu yamafuta ochepa ndi nyama ndi nsomba,
    • zopangidwa mkaka (kugwiritsira ntchito tchizi tchizi ndikuloledwa ndi kupatula kwathunthu kwa nyama),
    • mazira, osaposa 2 ma PC. pa sabata
    • chipatso
    • masamba
    • pasiti wopanda mapuloteni, sago, mpunga,
    • mafuta az masamba ndi nyama,
    • shuga, wokondedwa, kupanikizana, maswiti, jellies,
    • mankhwala azitsamba, tiyi, compotes.

    Mndandanda wazakudya zoletsedwa:

    • mchere wamafuta
    • nyama yamafuta ndi nsomba,
    • bowa
    • tchizi cholimba
    • nyemba
    • chimanga
    • chokoleti
    • khofi, koko
    • zonunkhira, mpiru, horseradish.

    Malingaliro a tebulo No. 7b ndi cholinga chobwezeretsa kagayidwe, kuthamanga kwa magazi m'matumbo, ndikuchotsa puffness. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu aimpso pambuyo pakudya patebulo No. 7a. Mapuloteni ndi mchere zimagwera pansi pa chiletso; mafuta ndi chakudya sichikhala ochepa. Zakudya No. 7b amatanthauza kusamala kwambiri.

    Zakudya zomanga thupi tsiku lililonse zimayenera kukhala mkati mwa 60 g, zomwe 60% zimachokera ku nyama. Mafuta - mpaka 90 g, omwe 20 g ndi ochokera ku masamba. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya tsiku ndi tsiku sikoposa 450 g, shuga amaloledwa 100 g. Mchere umaletsedwa. Njira yakumwa - mpaka malita 1.5.

    Mndandanda wazakudya zovomerezeka ndi zoletsedwa ndizofanana ndi tebulo la chakudya No. 7a.

    Zakudya ndi njira yothandiza yothandizira matenda a impso matenda osiyanasiyana a etiology. Zimathandizira kuchepetsa kulemera kwa ziwalo zamatenda komanso kuopsa kwa chithunzi cha matenda. Imathandizira kusintha kagayidwe kachakudya njira ndi pokodza. Mankhwala, matebulo a zakudya No. 7, 7a ndi 7b amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

    Mawu akuti nephropathy amaphatikiza njira zingapo za pathological zomwe zimachitika mu impso. Chakudya cha impso nephropathy ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukhazikitsa thanzi. Chakudya choterocho chimakhala ndi cholinga chothandiza kuti kagayidwe kake kazikhala mthupi. Kuphatikiza pa zakudya zamankhwala, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi zotsatirazi, kusiya matenda omwe anachititsa kukula kwa nephropathy.

    Oyambitsa vutoli ndi awa:

    • matenda ashuga
    • mimba
    • gout
    • khansa
    • hemoglobin wotsika
    • cholowa
    • poyizoni wa mankhwala kapena mankhwala,
    • kusintha kwa mahomoni
    • kagayidwe kachakudya matenda
    • matenda a kwamkodzo thirakiti
    • miyala ya impso.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Chakudyacho chimapangidwa pambuyo popenda wodwalayo kuti adziwe zosowa ndi zomwe wodwala akuchita. Poyambirira matendawa, ndikokwanira kuphatikiza zakudya zazing'ono zoletsa. Ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, zakudya ziyenera kukhala zochiritsira. Mothandizidwa ndi zakudya zoyenera, mulingo wamchere mthupi umabwezeretseka. Chifukwa cha zinthu zosankhidwa mwapadera, dongosolo la kwamikodzo limayamba kugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi, chifukwa chake, kufupika kwa malekezero kumachepa kapena kusowa kwathunthu. Kupsinjika kwa magazi kumayambiranso, kuledzera kwa thupi kumadutsa.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Zambiri Zapuloteni

    Kuchepetsa kudya kwa mapuloteni tsiku ndi tsiku, gawo lofunikira la chithandizo chovuta cha odwala.

    Impso zowonongeka movutikira zimachotsa poizoni wa nayitrogeni, koposa onse amapanga mapuloteni ake achinyama.Komabe, kukana kwambiri kwazinthu zamanyama ndi kupsinjika kwa thupi, komwe kumakulitsanso mkhalidwe waumoyo. Zakudya zama protein tsiku lililonse zimayenera kuchepetsedwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusinthira ku nyama yakudya, nsomba, kenako kwathunthu kumapuloteni azamasamba.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Zambiri pamchere

    Ndi mapangidwe a edema, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse mchere. Mukamaphika, osathira mchere konse, onjezani mchere pang'onopang'ono musanadye. Kusintha kwa chakudya chopanda mchere kumachitika pang'onopang'ono kuti musinthe kukoma kwanu. Mchere umakometsa kukoma kwa chakudya, chifukwa chake, mukasinthira ku chakudya chopanda mchere, ndikofunikira kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zina zomwe zimasintha kukoma kwa chakudya: msuzi wa phwetekere kapena msuzi wopanda mchere, mandimu, zitsamba zouma, adyo wowuma ndi anyezi, mchere wa udzu winawake.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Kutengera zotsatira zakusanthula, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kapena kutsika kwa zakudya kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili ndi potaziyamu mkati mwake. Nthawi zambiri, ndikuwonetsa matendawa koyambirira, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kudya kwa potaziyamu, ndipo pambuyo pake, m'malo mwake, kuchepetsa. Mabhanana ali ndi potaziyamu ambiri, mtedza wambiri, tchizi cha kanyumba, buluwheat, sipinachi, mapeyala, oatmeal. Ngati pakufunika kuchepetsa potaziyamu m'zinthuzo, chithandizo cha kutentha chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Kutsika pang'onopang'ono kwa phosphorous mu zakudya kumathandizira pakumwa, kumachepetsa kukula kwa impso za minofu yolumikizidwa komanso kuwoneka ngati chidakwa kapena chovuta kwambiri. Zakudya zonunkhira, zamafuta, zam'chitini ndi zokhathamira zimapatsa mphamvu kwamikodzo. Madzi amwe madzi okwanira, m'mawa, kudya kwam'madzi kumayambitsa machitidwe onse mthupi ndikuyeretsa thupi la poizoni lomwe limasonkhana usiku wonse. Komabe, ndi kulemera msanga, chifukwa cha edema, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kwamadzi nthawi yayitali kuti muchepetse zomwe zimayambitsa.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Panthawi ya matenda komanso chithandizo, thupi la munthu limataya zinthu zambiri zothandiza. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kumwa mavitamini othandizira, kuphatikizapo zinthu za chitsulo, nthaka, selenium, calcium. Phatikizaninso zakudya zomwe zili ndi chitsulo pazakudya: mphesa, beets, makangaza. Chofunikira kwambiri pazakudya chidzakhala kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimachepetsa cholesterol: kabichi yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, zitsamba, masamba obiriwira a tirigu. Kuphatikiza apo, kupewa kudya kwamphamvu kwambiri kumachepetsa magazi a cholesterol ndi insulin.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Zakudya zamafuta

    Zakudya zabwino zamasamba komanso vegan ndizophatikizira mbewu monga chimanga kapena zopanda mbewu. Nyama yosasangalatsa, mbale za bowa, mazira. Mukasinthana ndi mapuloteni ammasamba, soups za nsomba ndi msuzi zimaloledwa. Soseji, nyama zam'chitini, nsomba zamchere komanso zosuta. Ndikofunika kuthetsa kwathunthu zinthu zamkaka.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Mbewu zonse, makamaka zopanda ma gluten, ndizabwino: mapira (mapira), bulwheat, amaranth, quinoa, chia, mpunga wa bulauni, miyendo yonse ndiyabwino. Ndikofunikira kusiya mpunga oyera, oatmeal, makamaka ma flakes oyipa nthawi yomweyo. Masewera a gluten ndi osafunika: chimanga, tirigu, barele, oat. Utumbu wa tirigu wa Durum umaloledwa. Mutha kudya tirigu wathunthu, buledi wopanda mkate kapena mkate. Zinthu zonse zophika buledi zokhala ndi shuga ndi yisiti zophika kuchokera ku ufa woyera ndi wakuda ndizoletsedwa.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Pafupifupi masamba onse ndi abwino: mbatata, beets, kaloti, oyera kabichi, Brussels zikumera, broccoli, kolifulawa, dzungu, nandolo zobiriwira, zukini, tsabola belu, biringanya, phwetekere, nkhaka, masamba. Muyenera kusamala ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma radish, radish, sore, sipinachi, adyo ndi anyezi watsopano. Zomera zam'chitini ndi kuzifutsa ndizoletsedwa.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Mu gawo loyamba, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito maswiti achilengedwe: zipatso, zipatso, zipatso zouma, uchi.Komabe, limodzi ndi chilengedwe cha matendawa, ndikofunikira kuwasiya. Chocolate, granola, mkaka wopukutidwa, maswiti, makeke, makeke, zakudya zilizonse zatsopano komanso zotsekemera ndi shuga, zopangidwa ndi matenda ashuga okhala ndi shuga m'malo mwake ziyenera kuthetsedwa.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Zitsamba zouma, adyo, anyezi, zonunkhira zofewa ndizabwino: Cardamom, coriander, fennel, turmeric, asafoetida. Sauna wokhala ndi mandimu kutengera nthanga za dzungu ndi mbewu ya mpendadzuwa ndi wabwino. Msuzi wopanga tokha wopindulitsa. Horseradish, mpiru, mayonesi, ketchup, msuzi wa soya, msuzi wa mkaka, tsabola, ginger, tsabola wakuda ndizoletsedwa.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Tiyi yabwino yazitsamba, msuzi wa rosehip, zakumwa zokhala ndi mandimu, ma smoothies obiriwira ozungulira pamadzi ndi zophukira za tirigu wobiriwira, timadziti ta masamba obiriwira, madzi oyera. Ndikofunikira kupatula tiyi wakuda ndi wobiriwira, khofi, cocoa, zakumwa zoledzeretsa, mkaka, timadziti, madzi okhala ndi sodium, zakumwa za kaboni. Zakumwa za barele, chicory ndizololedwa.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Mbeu zosachedwa ndi zowira mpendadzuwa, maungu, maimondi, ma cashews ndizabwino. Mbewu za fulakesi, chia ndizabwino kwambiri. Mafuta osakanizidwa osazidwa bwino amaloledwa, omwe mafuta a azitona amathiridwa bwino. Mosamala, mtedza, Brazil, mtedza, macadamia uyenera kutengedwa. Ndi zoletsedwa ghee, batala, nsomba ndi mafuta a nyama, mafuta anyama.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Mutadzuka, imwani madzi okwanira 1 litre, ndikuphatikiza ndi mandimu ochepa atsopano. Pambuyo mphindi 15, imwani supu yobiriwira yozizira pamadzi, mbande zobiriwira za tirigu ndi mandimu, kapena idyani zipatso. Ola limodzi ndi zipatso, ndikwabwino kudya saladi wamasamba. Masamba amagwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano, nyengo. Onjezani kusankha dzungu, mpendadzuwa kapena mbewu ya fulakesi ku saladi, nyengo ndi mafuta a masamba. Kuyambira 12:00 mpaka 15:00 kugaya kwamphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa chake, ndibwino ngati nkhomaliro igwera panthawiyi. Chakudya chamasana chizikhala chodzaza komanso nthawi yomweyo kuwala. Onetsetsani kuti mukuphatikiza mbale kuchokera ku saladi watsopano, masamba ophika ndi zipatso zamphesa kapena nyemba. Mutha kudya tirigu wathunthu, wopanda yisiti. Kumwa nkhomaliro ndi madzi aliwonse nkoletsedwa. Patatha maola 2 mutadya, mutenge mankhwala a immunomodulatory zitsamba. Chakudya chamadzulo, ndibwino kuti mudye masamba ophika komanso atsopano.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    IgA nephropathy imayendera limodzi ndi zovuta kapena matenda a ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe. Mtima ndi mafupa, chiwindi, komanso m'mimba zimavutika. Cholinga cha zakudya zoyenera ku IgA-nephropathy ndikuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kupereka zakudya, ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chokwanira. Chitsimikiziro chachikulu pazakudya ndicho kudya mphamvu zazitsulo m'thupi la wodwalayo, kupatulidwa kwa mapuloteni a nyama ndi mafuta, kuphatikiza mafuta ochulukirapo.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Matenda a shuga a nephropathy amaphatikizidwa ndi shuga wambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi zakudya zamankhwala, kuwonongeka kwa matenda a shuga a shuga kumachepetsedwa kapena kusiyiratu. Zakudya za matenda a shuga a nephropathy zimaphatikizira shuga wamagazi, chifukwa ichi mumakhala zakudya zamagulu ochepa. Zakudya zotsekemera zimasiyanitsidwa kwathunthu ndi zakudya: uchi, zipatso zouma, shuga, zipatso zotsekemera, maswiti aliwonse ogulitsa.

    Home »Zakudya» Matenda a shuga a shuga: zakudya, zitsanzo mndandanda, mindandanda wazovomerezeka ndi zoletsedwa

    Matenda a shuga amayambitsa zovuta zowopsa. Mu matenda a shuga, magulu osiyanasiyana a ziwalo zamunthu amakhudzidwa, kuphatikizapo magwiridwe antchito a impso.

    Izi, zimabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa zaumoyo, ndipo ngati sizinachitike, ngakhale mpaka pakufa kwa wodwalayo.

    Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga komanso impso, kuphatikiza mankhwala oyenera, zitha kuthandiza kuthetsa vutoli.

    Koma pachifukwa chiti shuga yayikulu imasokoneza ntchito ya impso? Zinthu zingapo zoyipa zimakhudza impso mu shuga.

    Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala ndi vuto.

    Zimaphatikizidwa ndi mapuloteni a minofu - glycation imachitika, yomwe imayendetsa magwiridwe antchito a impso. Mapuloteni a glycated amachititsa kuti thupi lipange ma antibodies enaake, zomwe zimakhudzanso impso.

    Kuphatikiza apo, m'magazi a anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri mumakhala zinthu zambiri zamapulateleti, zomwe zimatseka ziwiya zochepa. Ndipo pamapeto pake, kuyamwa bwino kwa madzi m'maselo ndikusakwanira kwake kuchotsa mthupi kumakulitsa kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe amayenera kutsukidwa podutsa nokha, impso.

    Zonsezi zimabweretsa chakuti glomerular hyperfiltration imachitika - mathamangitsidwe a impso glomeruli. Ndipo kulemera kwenikweni kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizigwira bwino ntchito ndikuyambitsa mawonekedwe a zotupa za matenda osokoneza bongo - matenda ashuga nephropathy. Amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa glomeruli yogwira chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa ma capillaries osakanikirana.

    Chiwerengero cha glomeruli omwe akhudzidwa chikufika pachimake, zizindikiro zimawoneka zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa impso:

    • mutu
    • kusanza ndi kusanza
    • matenda ammimba
    • kupuma movutikira
    • kulawa kwazitsulo ndi kupuma kwabwi,
    • Khungu
    • kukokana ndi cramping.

    Ndi chitukuko cha matenda, zovuta zowopsa ndizotheka - kukomoka komanso ngakhale kukomoka. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti muyambe kulandira chithandizo mwachangu, pomwe impso zimapezekabe ndi kuyeretsa magazi.

    Chithandizo cha nephropathy chimayamba ndi shuga. Kupatula apo, ndizofunikira kwambiri za shuga zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa impso mu shuga.

    Njira yotsatira yolimbana bwino ndi matendawa ndi kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

    Ndikofunikira kuti kupanikizika kutha kukhala kosavuta pamlingo wa 130/80, ndipo kungakhale kwabwinoko ngakhale pang'ono.

    Pomaliza, zakudya zimathandiza kwambiri kulephera kwa impso, matenda ashuga. Inde, kutsatira malamulo ena okhudzana ndi zakudya kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikuchepetsa nkhawa pa impso, motero kupewa kugonjetsedwa kwa ma capillaries atsopano.

    Zakudya ziyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi dokotala.

    Mfundo zachikhalidwe

    Mfundo yayikulu yomwe zakudya zimayenera kutsata matenda a diabetes ndi nephropathy ndikuletsa kuchuluka kwa shuga komanso kuchepa kwa mitsempha. Malangizo azakudya amasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana pamagawo osiyanasiyana.

    Chifukwa chake, gawo loyambirira, losavuta, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse zomwe sizokhala ndi shuga zokha, komanso mapuloteni muzakudya. Njira izi ndizofunikira kuyendetsa ntchito ya impso.

    Chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni otsika kwambiri chimachepetsa nkhawa pa impso ndikuthandizira kupirira matendawa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikofunikira mu matendawo. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma pickles momwe tingathere.

    Ngati pagawo loyamba la matenda kuyendetsa shuga kumakhalapo koyamba, ndiye kuti chitukuko cha matenda ashuga chachikulu kwambiri ndikukhazikika kwa puloteni ya nyama. Kupatula apo, pali mankhwala apadera kuti muchepetse shuga, pomwe mphamvu ya mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kulemetsa kwa impso ndi yotsika kwambiri.

    Njira yabwino ikhoza kukhala yotsimikizira kuti mapuloteni amanyama ndi omwe amapezeka m'malo mwamasamba. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a nyama mu chakudya cha wodwala sikuyenera kupitirira 12%.

    Zomera Zamapuloteni Zamasamba

    Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezera pakuchepetsa kudya kwa mchere, mapuloteni ndi shuga, ndikofunikira kuti kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi phosphates kuchepetsedwa kwambiri pakukula kwa matendawa. Phosphorous imathanso kukhudza impso ndi kukokomeza mphamvu.

    Kuphatikiza apo, kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a nyama kumasonyezedwanso.Kupatula apo, ndiye gwero la cholesterol lomwe limapanga ziwiya zotsitsa za zolembazo. Kuphatikiza apo, kupendekera kotereku kumakhala kotengera osati ziwiya zamatumbo zokha - cholesterol yowonjezera imakhudzanso kwambiri ma capillaries mu impso, chifukwa chowonjezeranso chiopsezo chotseka.

    Kukana mapuloteni konse sikulimbikitsidwa.

    Ndi zinthu ziti zoletsedwa?

    Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazakudya, yomwe, ngati zakudya zimatsatiridwa chifukwa cha kulephera kwa aimpso m'matendawa, sikuti ndizovomerezeka - ndizoletsedwa.

    Choyamba, simungadye shuga ndi zinthu zomwe muli nazo, kapena kuchuluka kwa fructose, kuphatikiza uchi, manyuchi zipatso, ndi zina zambiri. Zogulitsa zomwezi ziyenera kupatulidwa.

    Kuphatikiza apo, simungagwiritse ntchito zophika zilizonse zopangidwa ndi ufa woyera. Pali chakudya chambiri chamafuta m'zakudya izi. Chepetsa kumwa zipatso kwambiri ndi fructose - nthochi, masiku, mphesa, mavwende. Simuyeneranso kudya zotsekemera za mapeyala, maapulo, chivwende.

    Osamadya zakudya zokazinga, nyama yamafuta. Nkhumba yoletsedwa, mwanawankhosa, nsomba yamafuta. Sitikulimbikitsidwanso kudya zakudya zamkaka zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri - tchizi chamafuta, kirimu wowawasa, etc.

    Kuphatikiza apo, simungathe kudya ma pickles ndikudya nyama - amakhalanso ndi mchere wambiri, womwe umawonjezera kukakamizidwa.

    Batala kunja ndi mafuta a margarine, okhala ndi mafuta ambiri anyama. Kugwiritsa ntchito mayonesi ndizosafunanso.

    Ndi zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zozizilitsa khofi, makamaka zotsekemera, komanso misuzi yazipatso, ngakhale zatsopano zopaka zokha - kudya kwawo kungapangitse kuchuluka kwa shuga.

    Poletsedwa, mwachidziwitso, zakumwa zilizonse za zakumwa zoledzeretsa, komanso zokometsera zokometsera ndi zonunkhira. Tiyi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala, ndipo khofi iyenera kutayidwa kwathunthu.

    Zakudya zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto ndi chopondapo, chomwe chimathetsedwa ndimankhwala ochepa ofatsa.

    Kodi chofunikira ndi chiyani?

    Gawo lalikulu la zakudya liyenera kukhala masamba. Ayenera kudyedwa yaiwisi, yonyowa, yodyetsedwa, yophika - osakongoletsedwa.

    Palibe choletsa masamba, kupatula mbatata. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito mwanjira yophika, osapitilira 200 magalamu patsiku.

    Buckwheat iyenera kuzindikiridwa monga phala lothandiza kwambiri, lomwe liyenera kuyambitsidwa mu chakudya cha matenda a shuga a nephropathy. Palibe mafuta osavuta ophatikizidwa mu diabetes. Mbewu zina, makamaka semolina, ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala.

    Ndikofunika kwambiri kudya amadyera ambiri komanso masamba obiriwira makamaka. Mafuta a nyama amapezeka bwino kwambiri kuchokera ku zinthu zamkaka polamulira kuchuluka kwawo.

    Kuchokera pa timadziti, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito phwetekere ndi zosakaniza za phwetekere ndi masamba ena amtundu.

    Kuchokera pamasamba azipatso, ndizovomerezeka kumwa madzi ochepa a maula.

    Mokulira, zakudya zofunikira pakakhala kulephera kwa impso ndi matenda a shuga, kuphatikiza pazoletsa zakudya zina, ziyeneranso kukhala zosiyana pakatikati. Palibe chifukwa muyenera kudya mopitirira muyeso - izi zimakhudza mayendedwe onse amthupi ndi momwe impso zimayendera.

    Musagwiritse ntchito barele ya ngale - imakhala ndi michere yambiri.

    Zakudya za kulephera kwa impso ndi matenda ashuga, mndandanda wamlungu

    Zitsanzo za menyu pansipa ndi zitsanzo zopanga mndandanda woyenera wa matenda ashuga nephropathy.

    Amatha kusinthidwa, kusakanikirana, kusinthidwa, osayiwala za mndandanda wazinthu zoletsedwa komanso zosayenera. Kutsatira zakudya zoterezi kumathandizira kuthana ndi kuwonongeka kwa impso ndikuwongolera zomwe zimachitika mthupi komanso thanzi la wodwalayo.

    Njira yoyamba yazosankha ikuphatikiza chakudya cham'mawa chomwe chimakhala ndi nyemba zam'mawa, mkate wophika mkate ndi tomato awiri. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga kulibe kwambiri, khofi wotsekemera ndi zovomerezeka.

    Chakudya chamasana chizikhala ndi msuzi wowonda ndi magawo awiri kapena atatu a mkate ophika kuchokera ku wholemeal.Pazakudya zamadzulo, muyenera kudya zakudya za lalanje kapena mandimu ndi zotsekemera kapena zakudya zamafuta. Chakudya chamadzulo - nkhuku yophika ndi mafuta ochepa, saladi zamasamba ndi yogurt yopangidwa tokha, tiyi wosaphatikizidwa ndi ndimu ndi zotheka.

    Mtundu wachiwiri wa tebulo la zakudya za yade chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

    Chakudya cham'mawa - tchizi chamafuta ochepa wopanda mafuta ndi soseji, saladi wowawasa zipatso. Chakudya chamasana - msuzi wa nsomba pogwiritsa ntchito nsomba zamafuta ochepa, mbatata yophika, tiyi.

    Chakudya chamadzulo - maapulo obiriwira opanda masamba. Chakudya chamadzulo - saladi watsopano nkhaka ndi letesi, msuzi wa rosehip.

    Njira yachitatu ndikusankha kwa mbale. Chakudya cham'mawa - phala la buckwheat ndi mkaka wa skim. Chakudya chamasana - msuzi wa kabichi yamasamba, supu ya nkhuku yodzu, masamba saladi popanda mafuta. Masana - shuga wopanda protein. Chakudya chamadzulo - saladi yam'madzi ndi tiyi wopanda mafuta.

    Inde, zakudya za matenda a impso a nephropathy zimakhala ndi mndandanda wazakudya ndi mbale zambiri.

    Kusankhidwa kwa mbale kumatha kuchitidwa nokha, kupewa mbale zoletsedwa ndikutsatira lamulo losavuta lophatikizira zinthu.

    Zakudya zamafuta kapena nsomba siziyenera kudyedwa kamodzi ndikupanga mkaka, ngakhale mafuta ochepa.

    Kupatula kokhako komwe kungaloledwe ndikuwonjezeredwa kwa yogati yachilengedwe yopanda mafuta kapena kefir yotsika mafuta ku saladi yamasamba.

    Osamagwiritsa ntchito zonunkhira ndi zokometsera, komanso zinthu za soya.

    Makanema okhudzana nawo

    Zosowa Zazakudya Zosiyanasiyana:

    Kutsatira zakudya kumathandiza kuthana ndi matendawa ndikuchepetsa shuga la magazi, komanso kukonza bwino thanzi la wodwalayo ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwala omwe akupatsidwa.

    Kuti muchepetse kuwonetsera kwa zizindikiro ndikuwongolera chithunzi chachipatala, chakudya chofunikira ndi nephropathy. Matenda aliwonse amtundu wa excretory amasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a ziwalo zambiri. Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu ziyenera kukhala ndi mapuloteni ochepa komanso zakudya zochepa za carb. Chifukwa cha luso laphokoso zakudya, mphamvu ya mankhwala bwino, kagayidwe kachakudya kagayidwe kazinthupi m'thupi limasintha.

    Kumayambiriro kwa matendawo, kudya mokwanira kumakhala kokwanira. Ndi matenda opita patsogolo, kudya zakudya koyenera ndikofunikira.

    Zakudya zamagulu azakudya zimalimbikitsidwa mutatha kuyesa wodwalayo. Chakudya chopatsa thanzi chokwanira chimapangitsa kuti madzi abwezeretsenso mchere m'thupi. Mndandanda wokhala ndi zophatikizika bwino umathandizira kuti dongosolo la excretory lizigwira ntchito bwino, kutupa kwa manja ndi mapazi kumachepetsedwa. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakhazikika, kuchuluka kwa poizoni m'thupi kumachepetsedwa.

    Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga nephropathy zimachokera ku mfundo zotsatirazi:

    • Kuchepetsa menyu mapuloteni a nyama ndikusintha kwathunthu kwa mapuloteni amasamba.
    • Chepetsa mchere wambiri.
    • Ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere wa potaziyamu (K) m'magazi, kuchepa kwa zakudya zomwe zili ndi izi ndizofunikira.
    • Ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa potaziyamu (K) m'magazi, zakudya zomwe zimalondola ndi izi ziyenera kukulitsidwa.
    • Zakudya zoletsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa phosphorous.
    • Zaamphaka, zokometsera kwambiri ndi zonunkhira, mafuta, osuta ndi zakudya osankhidwa siziyikidwa muzakudyazo.
    • Kumwa madzi akumwa oyera oyeretsa.
    • Kudya kumayenera kukhala pafupipafupi.
    • Mavitamini, mchere, komanso zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chitsulo ziyenera kupezekanso m'zakudya.
    • Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga komanso kugaya chakudya chamafuta mosavuta.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Ndi nephropathy, zakudya zimayenera kukhala zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri ndipo ziyenera kukhala 3,500 kcal patsiku. Zakudya ziyenera kukhala zambiri m'mafuta azamasamba komanso chakudya chama pang'onopang'ono. Kutsika kwa zopatsa mphamvu kumabweretsa kuti thupi liyambe kugwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni ake, chifukwa chomwe poizoni ndi zinthu zovulala zomwe zimachitika pakachitika izi zimachitika. Motere, katundu pa impso ukuwonjezeka.

    Pakuwerengera kolondola kwa zopatsa mphamvu, mafuta, chakudya, mapuloteni omwe amalowa mthupi ndi chakudya, pali index ya KBJU. Kwa wodwala aliyense, cholozera chimawerengeredwa payekha, kutengera zaka ndi zolinga zake. Pogwiritsa ntchito manambala pazomwe zimapangidwazo, mutha kuwerengera zopatsa mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, chidutswa cha tchizi cholimba cholemera 10 g chili ndi 2.4 g mapuloteni, 3 g yamafuta ndi 0,2 ga chakudya. Ma calories amawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi: 2.4 × 4 + 30 × 9 + 0.2 × 4 = 37 kcal.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Mndandanda Wazogulitsa

    Yalimbikitsidwira matendawa:

    • mkate wopanda mchere
    • masamba, zamasamba, mkaka, zipatso,
    • mafuta ochepa mkaka,
    • kudya nyama
    • nsomba mitundu mitundu.

    Ndi nephropathy, simungathe kudya radish.

    Ndi nephropathy, zakudya zotsatirazi sizikuphatikizidwa:

    • Kuphika batala
    • tchizi chamafuta, mkaka wowawasa, mkaka,
    • nyemba saloledwa masamba
    • wosuta, zonunkhira, mbale zowotchera.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi kumathandizira kupaka mchere wa uric acid ndikuwongoletsa njira za metabolic. Ndikofunikira kutsatira mtundu wa zakumwa. Imwani madzi ambiri tsiku lililonse kuti muwonjezere mkodzo. Amadzimadzi amagawanizidwa tsiku lonse. Ndikofunika kumwa madzi oyera, tiyi, kulowetsedwa zitsamba, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera kumaluwa a chamomile, kulowetsedwa kwa chiuno cha rose masana onse. Madzi ochepa, cocoa, zakumwa zazikulu za tonic zimasiyidwa kunja kwa zakudya.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Ndikofunika kusunga zakudya zapadera pa nthawi ya IgA nephropathy (glacerulonephritis yosachiritsika), yothandizidwa ndi zovuta m'machitidwe ambiri mthupi. Ndi matendawa, kusintha kwamphamvu kumachitika ndi mtima, mafupa, komanso chiwindi cha m'mimba. Cholinga cha zakudya zoyenera m'thupi lotere ndikuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa michere yofunika. Ndikofunikira kupatula mapuloteni a nyama ndi mafuta, zopatsa mphamvu zamafuta ku menyu.

    Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a nephropathy ayenera kusiya zipatso zouma.

    Ndi diabetesic nephropathy, limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse nkhawa pa impso. Zakudya zoyenera ndi matenda oterewa zimakhudza kuwongolera shuga, komwe chakudya chamafuta ochepa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mndandanda wazinthu zoletsedwa kwa odwala ndi motere:

    • shuga
    • zipatso zouma
    • zipatso zabwino zam shuga
    • Kuphika batala
    • khofi wokoma, tiyi.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Chitsanzo cha zakudya za odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la nephropathy, tsiku 1:

    • Chakudya cham'mawa - 1 apulo, tchizi chosawoneka bwino.
    • Chakudya chamasana - chakudya chamasamba, tiyi wobiriwira.
    • Chakudya chamasana - msuzi wa herculean, phala la buckwheat lokhazikika ndi nyama yamkaka, khofi wobiriwira wopanda mafuta.
    • Zosakhazikika - oatmeal odzola, kagawo ka mkate wa rye.
    • Chakudya chamadzulo - saladi yamasamba ndi nyama.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Kutsatira zakudya kumathandizira kwambiri kukonza kwa odwala omwe ali ndi impso nephropathy. Musanayambe chithandizo chamankhwala, muyenera kufunsira upangiri wa a nephrologist, endocrinologist, kapena wathanzi. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za kuwonongeka m'moyo wabwino, muyenera kufunsa kuchipatala kuti mudziwe zomwe zinapangitsa kusintha.

    Mwa kudya, mutha kuwongolera milingo ya homeostasis mthupi.

    Chifukwa chake, zimadziwika kuti kumwa kwa mapuloteni zakudya, zomwe zimachokera ku nyama, kumayambitsa kusintha kwa impso: kuthamanga kwa magazi aimpso ndi kusefera mu glomeruli, kuchepa kwa aimpso. Komanso, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, zomwe zimapezeka mumapeto a glycation zimakulanso. Izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa interstitial fibrosis, komanso zimatsogolera pakukula kwa tubular atrophy.

    Mapuloteni azomera amatulutsa impso zambiri, motero sizingakhudze hemodynamics ya impso.Mapuloteni azomera amakhalanso ndi mtima, kuphatikiza ndi anti-sclerotic.

    Mphamvu ya chakudya chopanda mapuloteni pakukula kwa matenda

    Kutengera ndi machitidwe azachipatala, pochiza odwala omwe adalipo isanayambike dialysis matenda a impso (CKD), pali malangizo ambiri azakudya okhudzana ndi mapuloteni komanso kuchepa kwake. Zakudya zochepa zama protein - 0,7-1.1 g mapuloteni / kg patsiku, mapuloteni ochepa - 0,3 g mapuloteni / kg patsiku.

    Zotsatira za zakudya zoterezi zinasakanizidwa. Komabe, zomwe zapezeka posachedwa zimatsimikiza kuti kuchepetsa mapuloteni m'zakudya kumaperekanso zabwino.

    Pamenepa, Cochrane Systematic Review ya maphunziro 40 mwa odwala 2,000 omwe ali ndi CKD popanda matenda ashuga adatsimikiza kuti ndi kuchepa kwa zakudya zama protein, kuchuluka kwaimfa kumatsika ndi 34% poyerekeza ndi odwala omwe adadya protein yowonjezera kapena yabwinobwino.

    Pali umboni kuti kuphatikiza kwa ma amino acid ofunikira, komanso ma keto analogi awo (ketrateil), mu zakudya zochepa zomanga thupi (MBD) kumapangitsa kuti CKD ichuluke. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zakudya mu chakudya musanadye matenda a shuga sikungawonongere mavuto obwera pambuyo pake.

    Kuphatikiza pa maphunziro omwe atsimikiza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ketrateol mu gawo la CKD IV-V, Phunziro la Hungary Pharmacoeconomic 2012 liyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Zinawonetsa kuthekera kwa kuyambitsidwa koyambirira kwa ketodiet m'moyo wa wodwalayo (gawo la CKD III) poyerekeza ndi kuchedwa.

    Ketodiet ndi chakudya chopanda mapuloteni (NDB) chokhala ndi ketrateil. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito potsatira mlingo - piritsi limodzi la 5 kg iliyonse ya odwala tsiku lililonse. Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya kuyambira tsiku loyambirira kumalimbikitsidwa, kutsika kwa GFR mpaka 60 ml / min.

    Pamsonkano wapadziko lonse wodzipereka ku kagayidwe ndi zakudya za matenda a impso, zidanenedwa kuti kuyambitsa kwa NDB m'zakudya kumayendetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kochepa chabe kwa kuchuluka kwa phosphorous ndi nitrogenous slag poyerekeza ndi MDB. Izi zikusonyeza magawo oyamba a kubwezeretsa mankhwala aimpso pafupifupi chaka chimodzi kwa odwala ena poyerekeza ndi MDB.

    Kuphatikiza kwa ma keto acids kumapangitsa kuti chiwonetsero cha minofu chiwonjezeke, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe a lipid, kusintha kayendedwe ka magazi, kuchepetsa mapuloteni komanso kusintha moyo wa odwala.

    Ma asidi a Keto, kuwonjezera pakubwezeretsanso ma amino acid, amakhalabe ndi nitrogen bwino. Ma asidi a Keto alinso ndi izi:

    • kusunga nitrogen posintha gulu la amino kukhala keto acid. Izi zikutsatiridwa ndi kuponderezana kwa ureagenesis,
    • ziletsa mapuloteni onyozeka, tsitsani kaphatikizidwe kake. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito leucine kumalimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe kazakudya,
    • mwapang'onopang'ono amawongolera mawonekedwe a amino acid mwa odwala a uremic. Izi zimakhudza kayendedwe ka metabolic acidosis. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndi mkodzo kumachepetsedwa motsutsana ndi zakudya zomwe zimaletsedwa, komanso kumwa keto / amino acid,
    • serum albin ndende limatuluka,
    • ma keto acid samachititsa kuti impso zizisokonekera,
    • metabolic acidosis chifukwa chakuchotsa kosayenera kwa ma ayoni a haidrojeni kuchokera ku ma amino acid okhala ndi sulfure kumapangitsa kuti mapuloteni azitha. Komanso, kumva kwa glucose ndikusintha kwa mafupa. Kungoletsa kwakukulu kapena kuchepa kwa zinthu zamapuloteni zomwe zingakhudze kukonza kwa kagayidwe kazakudya ndi acidosis,
    • Zakudya zokhala ndi zakudya zochepa zama mapuloteni a nyama zimachepetsa kudya phosphorous, ndipo kupezeka kwa calcium kumakhudzanso kagayidwe kazinthu kamene kamayambitsa phosphorous ndi calcium, komanso hyperparathyroidism yachiwiri,
    • keto / amino acid mankhwala amatha kukonza zina mwa zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism zomwe zimachitika ndi uremia.Zotsatira zake, chidwi chamtundu wa insulin chimayenda bwino, ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulin yoyendayenda kumachepa. Kuchepetsa kwa hyperinsulinemia pochiza keto / amino acid kumathandiza kwambiri odwala omwe ali ndi uremia, makamaka matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, kunenepa kwambiri ndi CKD,
    • keto / amino acid mankhwala ali ndi zotsatira zabwino pakukonza kwa vuto la lipid, makamaka triglycerides. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa ku uremia, atherosulinosis imawonedwa nthawi zambiri. Koma osavomerezeka kuti ayambe kupanga mankhwala a statin mwa odwala omwe akupanga dialysis (umboni wa 1B).

    Mdziko lathu, pakuwongolera ketoacidosis, yankho la asidi pazowongolera makolo limagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Nthawi zina odwala amagwiritsa ntchito okha.

    Kusintha kwachilengedwe mu calcium ndi phosphorous homeostasis, komanso chithunzi chachipatala cha hyperparathyroidism yachiwiri, kupita patsogolo malinga ndi kuchepa kwa GFR. Mtengo wovuta ndi 60 ml / min. Pa ndende iyi, osteodystrophy, calcification yamitsempha yamagazi ndi minofu yofewa imayamba, ndipo mulingo wamtima wamatenda umakwera.

    Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera zam'mimba za phosphate ku zakudya za odwala omwe ali ndi nephropathy. Amamanga phosphorous m'matumbo, kuti isatengeke. Zomwezi zikuyembekezeranso metabolites yogwira ya vitamini D. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuchepa kwa impso mu CKD kusanduliza vitamini D kukhala mawonekedwe ake.

    Chofunika kukumbukira ndi kukonza kwa hyperuricemia mwa odwala omwe ali ndi DN

    Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa ndikuchepetsa kudya kwa mapuloteni muzakudya za odwala omwe ali ndi DN. Ndizotheka mwakuthupi komanso zachuma kubwezeretsa kuchepa kwa michere ya keto ndikumachepetsa GFR pansi pa 60 ml / min. Kuwongolera kwa sodium ndikofunikira ndi mankhwala ndi zakudya, komanso vitamini D, phosphates, lipids ochepa, calcium, kuwongolera thupi kuti musaphonye kuchepa kwa thupi.

    Ndikotheka kuchedwetsa hemodialysis ndi kupitirira kwa CKD mwa odwala ambiri. Ndikofunikira kuwathandiza mu izi, kukambirana za zakudya zoyenera komanso moyo wabwino. Kupatula apo, chinthu chachikulu ndikudalira kwa wodwala kuti akuchita bwino ndipo akuyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino.

    Nephropathy - mawuwa amaphatikiza matenda onse a impso, kuphatikizapo matenda am'magazi. Amabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa impso komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito zawo.

    Zokhudza CBJU Index

    Ndi nephropathy, zakudya zimayenera kukhala zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri ndipo ziyenera kukhala 3,500 kcal patsiku. Zakudya ziyenera kukhala zambiri m'mafuta azamasamba komanso chakudya chama pang'onopang'ono. Kutsika kwa zopatsa mphamvu kumabweretsa kuti thupi liyambe kugwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni ake, chifukwa chomwe poizoni ndi zinthu zovulala zomwe zimachitika pakachitika izi zimachitika. Motere, katundu pa impso ukuwonjezeka.

    Pakuwerengera kolondola kwa zopatsa mphamvu, mafuta, chakudya, mapuloteni omwe amalowa mthupi ndi chakudya, pali index ya KBJU. Kwa wodwala aliyense, cholozera chimawerengeredwa payekha, kutengera zaka ndi zolinga zake. Pogwiritsa ntchito manambala pazomwe zimapangidwazo, mutha kuwerengera zopatsa mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, chidutswa cha tchizi cholimba cholemera 10 g chili ndi 2.4 g mapuloteni, 3 g yamafuta ndi 0,2 ga chakudya. Ma calories amawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi: 2.4 × 4 + 30 × 9 + 0.2 × 4 = 37 kcal.

    Njira yakumwa

    Kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi kumathandizira kupaka mchere wa uric acid ndikuwongoletsa njira za metabolic. Ndikofunikira kutsatira mtundu wa zakumwa. Imwani madzi ambiri tsiku lililonse kuti muwonjezere mkodzo. Amadzimadzi amagawanizidwa tsiku lonse. Ndikofunika kumwa madzi oyera, tiyi, kulowetsedwa zitsamba, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera kumaluwa a chamomile, kulowetsedwa kwa chiuno cha rose masana onse. Madzi ochepa, cocoa, zakumwa zazikulu za tonic zimasiyidwa kunja kwa zakudya.

    Mawonekedwe a zakudya zamtundu wina wamatenda

    Ndikofunika kusunga zakudya zapadera pa nthawi ya IgA nephropathy (glacerulonephritis yosachiritsika), yothandizidwa ndi zovuta m'machitidwe ambiri mthupi. Ndi matendawa, kusintha kwamphamvu kumachitika ndi mtima, mafupa, komanso chiwindi cha m'mimba. Cholinga cha zakudya zoyenera m'thupi lotere ndikuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa michere yofunika. Ndikofunikira kupatula mapuloteni a nyama ndi mafuta, zopatsa mphamvu zamafuta ku menyu.

    Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a nephropathy ayenera kusiya zipatso zouma.

    Ndi diabetesic nephropathy, limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse nkhawa pa impso. Zakudya zoyenera ndi matenda oterewa zimakhudza kuwongolera shuga, komwe chakudya chamafuta ochepa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mndandanda wazinthu zoletsedwa kwa odwala ndi motere:

    • shuga
    • zipatso zouma
    • zipatso zabwino zam shuga
    • Kuphika batala
    • khofi wokoma, tiyi.

    Popeza wodwala amakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri ndi mkodzo panthawi ya nephropathy, chakudyacho chimapangidwa kuti chikwaniritse thupi ndi mapuloteni.

    Chifukwa choti impso sizigwira ntchito bwino, madzimadzi amadziunjikira m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, chakudya chamagulu chimayang'aniridwa ndikuchepetsa komanso kuthetsa kwathunthu kufooka.

    Makhalidwe abwino a zakudya za matendawa:

    1. Onjezerani chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni,
    2. 2 kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kudya kwamafuta (pafupifupi 40% akuyenera kukhala mafuta azamasamba),
    3. 3 kupatsa mphamvu kwa thupi ndi lipotropic zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti lipid kagayidwe mu thupi ndi kutsika cholesterol,
    • mkate wopanda mchere
    • masamba, zamasamba, mkaka, phala, msuzi wazipatso,
    • Nyama zotsamira: nyama yotsamira, ng'ombe, nkhumba yotsamira, yophika kapena yophika chidutswa chimodzi,
    • nsomba - mitundu yopendekera, yophika mu chidutswa ndi kudulidwa, yokazinga pang'ono atawiritsa kapena kuphika,
    • zinthu zonse mkaka, koma ndi mafuta ochepa,
    • dzinthu - puddings kuchokera oat ndi buckwheat, mbewu monga chimanga,
    • zamasamba, zothandiza kwambiri ndi mbatata, kaloti, zukini, kolifulawa, dzungu, beets. Nandolo zabwino zobiriwira zophika, zophika, zopatsa mphamvu
    • zipatso zilizonse ndi zipatso. Amathandizanso kuteteza kwa sitiroberi, rasipulosi, lingonberry,
    • Kuchokera ku zakumwa, munthu ayenera kupatsa chidwi ma compotes, misuzi ya zipatso, mankhwala a zitsamba.

    Wowerengeka azitsamba zochizira nephropathy

    Pali njira zambiri zothandizira wowerengeka ndi zolipiritsa zomwe zimachepetsa kutupa ndikusintha ntchito ya impso.

    Kuti muzisonkhanitsa muyenera kutenga udzu wa St. John wa wort (30 g), coltsfoot (25 g), maluwa a yarrow (25 g) ndi netunes (20 g). Onse osankhidwa komanso osakanikirana bwino. 40 magalamu a chopereka amathira ¼ lita imodzi ya madzi otentha ndikulole kuti atumize pang'ono. Msuzi umagawika pakati ndikuledzera maqhinga awiri. Muyenera kumwa kwa masiku 25.

    Mbewu za fulakesi, komfrey, masamba a bere, kudaya gorse. Zitsamba zilizonse ziyenera kumwedwa m'magawo awiri ndikusakanizidwa ndi masamba a mabulosi akutchire (gawo limodzi) ndi zipatso za juniper (gawo limodzi). Sakanizani zonse bwino, kutsanulira ¼ lita imodzi ya madzi otentha, wiritsani kwa mphindi 10-15 pa moto wochepa. Chifukwa msuzi, kutenga katatu patsiku.

    Ndikofunikira kutenga gawo limodzi la mabulosi am'mbewu ndi zipatso za birch, kusakaniza ndi magawo awiri a bere, kuwonjezera magawo anayi a ulonda wa masamba atatu kwa iwo. Thirani madzi otentha (250 ml) mu supuni yosonkhanitsa ndi kuphika pafupifupi mphindi 10-12 pamoto wofatsa. Muyenera kumwa msuzi m'mitundu itatu.

    Kuthandiza kwambiri pochotsa zipatso za lingonberry. Kupotoza zipatso ndi kusakaniza ndi shuga 1: 1. Zotsatira zosakanikirana zimayikidwa m'mabanki, zomangidwa ndi pepala ndikuyika malo ozizira. Onjezani zipatso kuti mulawe m'madzi ndikumwa ngati compote.

    Masamba a Strawberry ndi zipatso zimachepetsa kutupa bwino.Ndikofunikira kutenga zipatso ndi masamba a sitiroberi 1: 1, kutsanulira osakaniza ndi kapu yamadzi ndikuphika pafupifupi mphindi 10. Muyenera kumwa 20 g katatu patsiku.

    Watermelon peoction

    Imathandizira kuthetsa puffility osati zamkati zamkati, komanso kutumphuka kwake, komwe kumayenera kupangidwa.

    Matenda a shuga ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la matenda ambiri a impso a shuga. Mawuwa amafotokoza zotupa za matenda a impso (glomeruli ndi tubules), komanso zombo zomwe zimawadyetsa.

    Matenda a diabetes nephropathy ndi owopsa chifukwa amatha kutha kufikira gawo lomaliza (losautsa) la kulephera kwa impso. Poterepa, wodwalayo adzafunika kuyesedwa kapena kupatsirana kwa impso.

    Matenda a diabetes nephropathy ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kufa koyambirira komanso kulemala kwa odwala. Matenda a shuga sikuti ndi okhawo omwe amachititsa vuto la impso. Koma pakati pa omwe akudwala dialysis ndikuyimirira pamzere wa impso wothandizira, ndiye wodwala kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazifukwa izi ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa matenda ashuga a 2.

    Zifukwa zoyambitsa matenda a shuga:

    • shuga wambiri wodwala,
    • cholesterol yoyipa komanso triglycerides m'magazi,
    • kuthamanga kwa magazi (werengani tsamba lathu la "mlongo" wa matenda oopsa),
    • kuchepa magazi, komanso “yofatsa” kwambiri (hemoglobin m'magazi a matenda a shuga).

    Pafupifupi onse odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyesedwa pachaka kuwunikira ntchito ya impso. Ngati matenda a diabetes a nephropathy atakula, ndikofunikira kuti muzitha kudziwa koyambirira, pomwe wodwalayo samadzimva. Chithandizo choyambirira cha matenda a shuga a nephropathy amayamba, amakhala ndi mwayi wopambana, ndiko kuti, wodwalayo amatha kukhala ndi moyo wopanda chimbudzi kapena kumuwonjezera impso.

    Mu 2000, Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Russia unavomereza gulu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi magulu. Mulinso mitundu iyi:

    • gawo la microalbuminuria,
    • siteji proteinuria yokhala ndi nitrogen-excreting impso ntchito,
    • gawo la matenda aimpso kulephera (mankhwala a dialysis kapena kupatsidwa impso).

    Pambuyo pake, akatswiri adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwika bwino yokhudzana ndi matenda a impso a shuga. Mmenemo, osati 3, koma magawo 5 a shuga a nephropathy amadziwika. Onani magawo a matenda a impso osafunikira kuti mumve zambiri. Gawo liti la matenda ashuga okodzetsa wodwala ena limadalira kuchuluka kwake kwa kusefedwa (amafotokozeredwa mwatsatanetsatane momwe amatsimikizidwira). Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chikuwonetsa momwe impso zimasungidwira bwino.

    Pa nthawi yodziwitsa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, ndi bwino kuti dokotala adziwe ngati impsoyo yakhudzidwa ndi matenda ashuga kapena zina. Kupezeka kosiyanitsa kwa matenda ashuga nephropathy ndi matenda ena a impso kuyenera kupangidwa:

    • aakulu pyelonephritis (kutupa kwa impso),
    • chifuwa chachikulu cha impso,
    • pachimake ndi matenda glomerulonephritis.

    Zizindikiro za matenda a pyelonephritis:

    • Zizindikiro za kuledzera (kufooka, ludzu, nseru, kusanza, kupweteka mutu),
    • kupweteka kumbuyo ndi m'mimba pamtunda wa impso,
    • Odwala ⅓ - kukodza mwachangu, kupweteka,
    • kuyezetsa kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa maselo oyera ndi mabakiteriya mkodzo,
    • chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi ultrasound cha impso.

    Zokhudza chifuwa chachikulu cha impso:

    • mu mkodzo - leukocytes ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha mycobacterium,
    • ndi mawonedwe aubwino (x-ray ya impso ndi mtsempha wamkati wamtundu wosiyana) - chithunzi chajambulidwa.

    Zakudya za matenda a impso a shuga

    Nthawi zambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la impso odwala matenda ashuga, kuchepetsa magazi kumathandiza kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchepetsa kutupa, komanso kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matenda ashuga. Ngati magazi anu atakhala abwinobwino, ndiye kuti musadye mopitilira mchere wa 5-6 wa mchere patsiku. Ngati muli kale ndi matenda oopsa, ndiye kuti kuchepetsa mchere wanu ndi magalamu awiri atatu patsiku.

    Tsopano chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.Chithandizo cha boma chimalimbikitsa kudya “moyenera” anthu odwala matenda ashuga, komanso ngakhale ochepa mapuloteni a shuga a nephropathy. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muganiza zogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamafuta ochepa kuti muchepetse magazi anu kukhala abwinobwino. Izi zitha kuchitika pa kusefedwa kwa glomerular pamtunda wa 40-60 ml / mphindi / 1.73 m2. Mu nkhani "Zakudya za impso ndi matenda a shuga," mutu wofunikirawu wafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.

    Chithandizo cha odwala matenda ashuga a Nephropathy

    Njira zazikulu zopewera ndi kuchiza matenda a shuga a m'mimba ndikuchepetsa shuga m'magazi ndikuwasunga pafupi ndi anthu athanzi. Pamwambapa, mwaphunzira momwe mungachitire izi ndi zakudya zamafuta ochepa. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwezedwa kwambiri kapena nthawi zonse kumasinthasintha kuchokera kumtunda kupita pa hypoglycemia, ndiye kuti magawo ena onse sangakhale othandiza.

    Mankhwala ochizira matenda ashuga nephropathy

    Pakuwongolera matenda oopsa, komanso matenda oopsa a impso, matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa mankhwala - ACE inhibitors. Mankhwalawa samangochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso amateteza impso ndi mtima. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa impso. Mwinanso, zoletsa zazitali za ACE zimagwira bwino ntchito kuposa Captopril, yomwe imayenera kutengedwa katatu patsiku.

    Wodwala akayamba kukhosomola chifukwa chotenga mankhwala kuchokera ku gulu la zoletsa zoletsa za ACE, ndiye kuti mankhwalawo amasinthidwa ndi angiotensin-II receptor blocker. Mankhwala omwe ali mgululi ali okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa ACE inhibitors, koma ocheperako amayambitsa zovuta. Amateteza impso ndi mtima ndi ntchito yofananira.

    Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi 130/80 ndipo pansipa. Nthawi zambiri, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, amatha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakanikirana. Imatha kukhala ndi ACE inhibitor ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo “kuchokera kuzokakamiza” zamagulu ena: okodzetsa, ophera beta, othandizira calcium. ACE inhibitors ndi angiotensin receptor blockers palimodzi osavomerezeka. Mutha kuwerengera za mankhwala ophatikiza matenda oopsa, omwe akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito shuga, apa. Lingaliro lomaliza, lomwe mapiritsi okuthandizira, amapangidwa ndi adokotala okha.

    Momwe mavuto a impso amakhudzira chisamaliro cha matenda a shuga

    Ngati wodwala wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye njira zochizira matenda osiyanasiyana zimasiyana kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti mankhwala ambiri amafunika kuti athetsedwe kapena kuti mulingo wawo ukhale wochepa. Ngati kuchuluka kwa kusefera kwafupika kumacheperachepera, ndiye kuti mlingo wa insulini uyenera kuchepetsedwa, chifukwa impso zofowoka zimapangitsa pang'onopang'ono.

    Chonde dziwani kuti mankhwala otchuka a mtundu wa 2 metformin (siofor, glucophage) angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha poyerekeza 60 ml / min / 1.73 m2. Ngati ntchito ya impso ya wodwalayo itafooka, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha lactic acidosis, chowopsa chowonjezera, chikuwonjezeka. Zikatero, metformin imathetsedwa.

    Ngati wodwalayo akuwonetsa magazi m'thupi, ndiye kuti ayenera kuthandizidwa, ndipo izi zikuchepetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Wodwala amatchulidwa mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa erythropoiesis, i.e., kupanga maselo ofiira am'magazi. Izi zimangochepetsa chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa impso, komanso zimasintha bwino kwambiri moyo. Ngati odwala matenda ashuga sanakhalebe dialysis, zowonjezera zachitsulo zitha kupangidwanso.

    Ngati prophylactic chithandizo cha matenda ashuga nephropathy sichithandiza, ndiye kuti kulephera kwa impso kumayamba. Zikakhala choncho, wodwalayo amayenera kuyesedwa, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, ndikulanditsa impso. Tili ndi nkhani yapadera yokhudza kupatsirana kwa impso, ndipo tikambirana mwachidule za hemodialysis ndi peritoneal dialysis pansipa.

    Hemodialysis ndi peritoneal dialysis

    Panthawi ya hemodialysis, catheter imayikidwa mu mtsempha wamagazi.Amalumikizidwa ndi chida chakunja cha mbewa chomwe chimatsuka magazi m'malo mwa impso. Pambuyo poyeretsa, magaziwo amawabwezera kumagazi a wodwalayo. Hemodialysis imatha kuchitika kuchipatala. Zitha kuyambitsa kutsika kwa magazi kapena matenda.

    Peritoneal dialysis ndi pamene chubu sichinayikidwe mu mtsempha, koma m'mimba. Kenako madzi ambiri amamwetsedwamo ndi dontho. Uwu ndi madzi apadera omwe amakoka zinyalala. Amachotsedwa ngati madzimadzi amachokera m'timabowo. Peritoneal dialysis iyenera kuchitidwa tsiku lililonse. Imakhala ndi chiopsezo cha matenda kumadera omwe chubu imalowa m'mimba.

    Mu shuga mellitus, kusungirako kwamadzi, kusokonezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni ndi ma elekitirodi a electrolyte kumayamba pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wamasefera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kusinthidwa kuti ayimbe kale kuposa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a impso. Kusankhidwa kwa dialysis njira kumadalira zomwe dokotala amakonda, koma kwa odwala palibe kusiyana kwakukulu.

    Poyamba kuyamba aimpso m'malo mankhwala (dialysis kapena impso kupatsidwa zina) odwala matenda ashuga:

    • Kuchulukitsa kwa impso ndi 6.5 mmol / l), komwe sikungathe kuchepetsedwa ndi njira zochizira.
    • Kusungika kwamadzimadzi m'thupi ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi edema ya m'mapapo,
    • Zizindikiro zodziwika za kuperewera kwa mphamvu m'thupi.

    Zizindikiro zamagetsi oyesa magazi mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amathandizidwa ndi dialysis:

    • Glycated hemoglobin - ochepera 8%,
    • Magazi a hemoglobin - 110-120 g / l,
    • Matenda a parathyroid - 150-300 pg / ml,
    • Phosphorous - 1.13-11.78 mmol / L,
    • Calcium yonse - 2.10-22,7 mmol / l,
    • Zogulitsa Ca × P = Zochepera 4.44 mmol2 / l2.

    Ngati matenda a impso amapezeka mwa odwala matenda ashuga okhudzana ndi dialysis, zotupa za erythropoiesis zimalembedwa (epoetin-alpha, epoetin-beta, methoxypolyethylene glycol epoetin-beta, epoetin-omega, darbepoetin-alpha), komanso mapiritsi a jekeseni kapena jakisoni. Amayesa kukhalabe ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi pansi pa 140/90 mm Hg. Art., ACE inhibitors ndi angiotensin-II receptor blockers amakhalabe mankhwala osankhidwa pochiza matenda oopsa. Werengani nkhani yakuti "Hypertension in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes" mwatsatanetsatane.

    Hemodialysis kapena peritoneal dialysis iyenera kungotengedwa ngati gawo lokhazikika pokonzekera kupatsirana kwa impso. Pambuyo kumuyika kwa impso kwa nthawi yothandizidwa, wodwalayo amachiritsidwa kwathunthu chifukwa cha kulephera kwa impso. Matenda a diabetes a nephropathy akhazikika, kupulumuka kwa odwala kukuchulukirachulukira.

    Pokonzekera kufalitsa kwa impso chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, madokotala akuyesayesa kuwona kuti zingatheke bwanji kuti wodwalayo azikhala ndi vuto la mtima (matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko) panthawi kapena pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Kuti izi zitheke, wodwalayo amapimidwa mayeso osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ECG yokhala ndi katundu.

    Nthawi zambiri zotsatira za mayesowa zimawonetsa kuti ziwiya zomwe zimadyetsa mtima ndi / kapena ubongo zimakhudzidwanso kwambiri ndi atherosulinosis. Onani nkhani "Renal Artery Stenosis" kuti mumve zambiri. Pankhaniyi, kupatsirana kwa impso, tikulimbikitsidwa kupangitsanso mwamphamvu kuchuluka kwa ziwiya izi.

    Tsoka ilo, matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amayambitsa zovuta za impso, ndipo ndizowopsa. Kuwonongeka kwa impso mu shuga kumamupatsa wodwala mavuto akulu. Chifukwa zochizira kulephera kwa impso, njira za dialysis ziyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi. Ngati muli ndi mwayi wopeza wopereka, ndiye kuti amamuchitira impso. Matenda a impso mu shuga nthawi zambiri amayambitsa imfa yopweteka kwa odwala.

    Ngati shuga ndi yoyenera kuwongolera shuga m'magazi, ndiye kuti mavuto a impso amatha kupewedwa.

    Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti, ngati mumasunga shuga m'magazi anu mwachizolowezi, mutha kupewa kupewa kuwononga impso. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuchita nawo zathanzi lanu.

    Mudzakondwereranso kuti njira zopewa matenda a impso zimathandizira kupewa zina zovuta za matenda ashuga.

    Momwe shuga imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa impso

    Mu impso iliyonse, munthu amakhala ndi mazana mazana otchedwa "glomeruli". Izi ndi zosefera zomwe zimatsuka magazi ndi zinyalala. Mwazi umadutsa kupanikizidwa kudzera m'mapikisano ang'onoang'ono a glomeruli ndipo umasefa. Kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi ndi magawo abwinobwino amwazi amabwerera mthupi. Ndipo zinyalala, pamodzi ndi madzi pang'ono, zimadutsa impso kupita ku chikhodzodzo. Kenako amachotsedwa panja kudzera mu urethra.

    Mu shuga, magazi omwe ali ndi shuga wambiri amadutsa impso. Glucose imatulutsa timadzi tambiri, timene timayambitsa kukakamira mkati mwa glomerulus iliyonse. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa kusefedwa kwa glomerular - ichi ndichizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri cha ntchito ya impso - nthawi zambiri imachulukanso magawo oyambira a shuga. Glomerulus imazunguliridwa ndi minofu yotchedwa "glomerular basement membrane". Ndipo nembanemba imeneyi imachulukana, monga zimakhala zina zomwe zimayandikira. Zotsatira zake, ma capillaries omwe ali mkati mwa glomeruli amachoka pang'onopang'ono. Ngati glomeruli itasiya kugwira ntchito, ndiye kuti impso zimasefa magazi. Popeza impso zaumunthu zimakhala ndi gawo losungirako la glomeruli, njira ya kuyeretsa magazi ikupitirirabe.

    Mapeto ake, impso zimatha ndipo zimawonekera Zizindikiro zakulephera kwa impso:

    • ulesi
    • mutu
    • kusanza
    • kutsegula m'mimba
    • zikopa
    • kulawa kwazitsulo mkamwa
    • mpweya wabwino, ngati mkodzo,
    • kupuma movutikira, ngakhale utakhala wolimbitsa thupi kwambiri komanso kugona mokwanira.
    • kukokana ndi miyendo, makamaka madzulo, asanagone,
    • kutaya chikumbumtima.

    Izi zimachitika, monga lamulo, pambuyo pa zaka 15 - 20 za matenda ashuga, ngati magazi a shuga adapitilizidwa, i.e. matenda a shuga sanalandiridwe bwino. Uricemia imachitika - kudzikundikira kwa zinyalala za nayitrogeni m'mwazi zomwe impso zomwe zakhudzidwa sizingathenso kusefa.

    Kusanthula ndi kuwunika impso mu shuga

    Kuti muwone impso zanu ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, muyenera kuchita mayeso otsatirawa

    • kuyezetsa magazi kwa creatinine,
    • kusanthula kwamkodzo kwa albumin kapena microalbumin,
    • urinalization wa creatinine.

    Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa metabolinine m'magazi, mutha kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa impso. Amapezanso ngati pali microalbuminuria kapena ayi, ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwa albumin ndi creatinine mu mkodzo. Kuti mumve zambiri za mayeso onsewa ndi zisonyezo za ntchito ya impso werengani "Ndi mayeso ati omwe angadutse kuti muwone impso" (amatsegula pazenera lina).

    Chizindikiro choyambirira cha mavuto a impso mu shuga ndi microalbuminuria. Albumini ndi puloteni yemwe mamolekyu ake ndi ochepa m'mimba mwake. Impso zathanzi zimadutsa mkodzo pang'ono. Ntchito yawo ikangokulirakulira pang'ono, mumakhala mkodzo kwambiri.

    Zizindikiro za albuminuria

    Muyenera kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa albumin mu mkodzo sikungakhale kokha chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa impso. Ngati dzulo panali kulimbitsa thupi kwakukulu, lero Albinuria ikhoza kukhala yapamwamba kuposa yachilendo. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa pokonzekera tsiku la kusanthula. Albuminuria imachulukanso: zakudya zamapuloteni ambiri, kutentha thupi, matenda a kwamkodzo, kulephera kwa mtima, pakati. Kuwerengera kwa albumin kuti apange mkodzo mu mkodzo ndi chizindikiro chodalirika kwambiri cha mavuto a impso. Werengani zambiri za izi apa (amatsegula pazenera lina)

    Ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga adapezeka ndikutsimikizika kangapo ndi microalbuminuria, izi zikutanthauza kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha impso, komanso matenda amtima. Ngati sichichiritsidwenso, kenako mphamvu ya kusefukira kwa impso imayamba kufooka, ndipo mapuloteni ena a kukula kwakukulu amapezeka mkodzo. Izi zimatchedwa proteinuria.

    Vuto lawo limayamba kugwira ntchito kwambiri, ndipo zomwe zimapangika zimapangika m'magazi.Pambuyo powerengera kuchuluka kwa kusefedwa kwa khungu, ndizotheka kudziwa kuti kuwonongeka kwa impso kwa wodwalayo kuli pati.

    Magawo a matenda a impso, kutengera kuchuluka kwa kusefera kwake

    Zolemba pagome. Umboni wa zovuta za impso zomwe zimawonetsa mayeso ndi mayeso. Itha kukhala:

    • microalbuminuria,
    • proteinuria (kukhalapo kwa mamolekyulu am'madzi mu mkodzo),
    • magazi mkodzo (pambuyo poti zifukwa zina zonse zithetsedwe),
    • zopangidwazo zomwe zinawonetsa kuwonetsa impso,
    • glomerulonephritis, womwe umatsimikiziridwa ndi biopsy ya impso.

    Monga lamulo, zizindikiro zimayamba kuwonekera pokhapokha gawo 4 la matenda a impso. Ndipo magawo onse oyambirirawo amapita popanda mawonekedwe akunja. Ngati zikuwoneka kuti muli ndi vuto la impso kumayambiriro ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo pakanthawi, ndiye kuti kulephera kwa impso nthawi zambiri kumatha kupewa. Apanso, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzayezetsa mayeso anu pafupipafupi kamodzi pachaka, monga tafotokozera m'gawo lino "Kuyesa kotani kuti mupeze impso zanu." Nthawi yomweyo, mutha kuyang'ananso magawo a urea ndi uric acid m'magazi.

    Lembani mapiritsi a shuga a 2 omwe amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu osiyanasiyana a matenda a impso

    Metformin (Siofor, Glucofage)
    Glibenclamide, kuphatikiza ma micronized (Maninyl)
    Gliclazide ndi Gliclazide MV (Glidiab, Actos)
    Glimepiride (Amaryl)
    Glycvidone (Glurenorm)
    Glipizide, kuphatikiza yayitali (Movogleken, Glibens retard)
    Repaglinide (NovoNorm, Diagninid)
    Nateglinide (Starlix)
    Pioglitazone (Aactos)
    Sitagliptin (Januvius)
    Vildagliptin (Galvus)
    Saxagliptin (Onglisa)
    Linagliptin (Trazhenta)
    Exenatide (Baeta)
    Liraglutid (Victoza)
    Acarbose (Glucobai)
    Insulin

    Chidziwitso patebulo.

    * Pa magawo 4-5 a kuwonongeka kwa impso, muyenera kusintha mankhwalawa. Komanso, matenda a impso akayamba, kuphwanya kwa insulin mthupi kumachepa. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia. Chifukwa chake, mankhwalawa a insulin amafunika kusinthidwa kutsikira.

    Odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a impso.

    Kupewa kuwonongeka kwa impso mu shuga

    Matenda a impso amakula pafupifupi 1/3 ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1, kutanthauza kutali ndi onse. Momwe mungakhalire ndi zisonyezo zakulephera kwa impso zimatengera zotsatira za mayeso omwe tafotokozera m'gawo lakale. Yesetsani kuyesa kukambirana ndi adotolo.

    Zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa impso mu shuga:

    • khalani ndi shuga pafupi ndi masiku abwinobwino - ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri
    • phunzirani nkhani yakuti “Zakudya za impso ndi matenda a shuga,”
    • kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi kunyumba ndi tonometer (momwe mungachitire moyenera kuti zotsatira zake ndizolondola),
    • magazi anu azikhala abwinobwino, pansipa 130/80,
    • imani mayeso omwe amayang'ana momwe impso imagwirira ntchito nthawi imodzi pachaka,
    • Chitani zonse zofunika kuti muchepetse shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol ndi mafuta amthupi, kuphatikiza kumwa mankhwala omwe dokotala mwalandira
    • gwiritsitsani chakudya chabwino cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga (pankhaniyi, malingaliro a "official" ndiosiyana kwambiri ndi athu, werengani pansipa mu nkhaniyi),
    • Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, yesani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kunyumba ndi ma dumbbells opepuka, omwe ndi otetezeka ku impso,
    • imwani mowa “mophiphiritsa”, osadakwa,
    • kusiya kusuta
    • pezani dokotala wabwino yemwe "azitsogolera" matenda anu a shuga, ndipo pitani kwa iye pafupipafupi.

    Kafukufuku adatsimikizira motsimikiza kuti kusuta palokha ndikofunikira kwambiri kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi vuto la impso ku matenda ashuga. Kusiya kusuta si malingaliro wamba, koma chofunikira mwachangu.

    Chithandizo cha Impso ku matenda a shuga

    Dokotalayo amapereka mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda a impso, kutengera gawo lawo.Udindo waukulu wopanga nthawi yogona ndi wodwala. China chake chimadaliranso anthu am'banja lake.

    Tikulemba mndandanda wa malo othandizira matenda a impso mu shuga:

    • Kwambiri magazi shuga
    • kutsitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi kufika pamlingo wa 130/80 mm RT. Art. ndi pansipa
    • kukhala ndi zakudya zoyenera zamavuto a impso,
    • kayendedwe ka cholesterol ndi triglycerides (mafuta) m'magazi,
    • dialysis
    • kupatsidwa impso.

    Matenda a shuga ndi impso: zomwe muyenera kukumbukira

    Ngati pali zovuta ndi impso, ndiye kuyesa kwa magazi kwa creatinine ndi mkodzo wa microalbuminuria kumatha kuwazindikira msanga. Ngati mankhwala ayambitsidwa pa nthawi yake, zimawonjezera mwayi wopambana. Chifukwa chake, zowunikira zomwe zikufotokozedwa pano (kutsegulira pawindo lina) ziyenera kutumizidwa pafupipafupi kamodzi pachaka. Ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamagulu ochepa kuti muchepetse shuga. Werengani zambiri mu nkhani "Zakudya za impso ndi matenda a shuga."

    Kwa odwala matenda ashuga ambiri omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuwonjezera pa mankhwala, kuchepetsa mchere pazakudya zawo kumathandiza. Yesetsani kuchepetsa kudya kwanu kwa sodium chloride, i.e. mchere wamtembo, ndikuwunika zomwe mumapeza. Munthu aliyense amakhala ndi chidwi chake ndi mchere.

    Vuto linanso, matenda a shuga, limatha kuwononga mitsempha yomwe imayendetsa chikhodzodzo. Poterepa, ntchito yotsanulira chikhodzodzo imasokonekera. Mkodzo, womwe umakhala nthawi zonse, matenda omwe amawononga impso amatha kuchuluka. Nthawi yomweyo, odwala matenda ashuga omwe amatha kusintha shuga m'magazi awo, ma neuropathy nthawi zambiri amakhala osinthika, i.e., amadutsa kwathunthu.

    Ngati mukuvutikira kukodza kapena zizindikiro zina zamatenda amkodzo, onani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo. Mavutowa amatha kuthandizira kwambiri kukula kwa zovuta za impso mu shuga.

    Ziwerengero zamanyumba zikuchepa kwambiri chaka chilichonse! Russian Diabetes Association imati munthu m'modzi mwa anthu 10 m'dziko lathu ali ndi matenda a shuga. Koma chowonadi ndichakuti si matenda omwewo omwe amawopsa, koma zovuta zake ndi moyo womwe umawatsogolera. Kodi ndingathane bwanji ndi matendawa, akutero poyankhulana ...

    Impso ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri. Amagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo ya fyuluta, pochotsa zinthu za m'magazi a protein. Mu impso mumakhala zombo zazing'ono zochepa - ma capillaries, omwe amapanga glomeruli la impso ndi nembanemba lomwe lili ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono. Ndi potseguka izi pomwe amapanga mapuloteni - urea ndi creatinine, omwe amachokera mkodzo mkodzo. Maselo ofiira ofiira, mapuloteni kudzera m'mabowo samalowa ndipo amapitilizabe kukhala m'magazi.

    Zakudya za impso nephropathy ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukhalitsa thanzi, kuthandiza kusintha njira za metabolic. Zakudya zamankhwala ndizofunikira kwambiri pazamankhwala zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwala azisangalala. Matenda aliwonse a impso amasokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana mthupi. Choyamba, izi zimakhudzana ndi kusintha kwazinthu zokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu za metabolic m'magazi ndikusokoneza mu-electrolyte yamadzi ndi acid usawa.

    Kusintha kumeneku kumadzetsa kuwoneka kwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

    • mapangidwe a puffuffuff,
    • kuthamanga kwa magazi
    • kuwonetsera kwa kuledzera mthupi kudzera pazinthu zake zomwe zimakhala za metabolic.

    Chithandizo cha matenda a mtima

    Choyamba, kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo cha nephropathy, pamafunika kuchotsa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma nephropathy aoneke. Ndikofunikira kumaliza kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa omwe angathandizire kukulitsa kwa matenda a zamitsempha, momwe mungathere, kuthetsa zovuta zomwe zimachitika mthupi ndi zitsulo zolemera, ma radiation, komanso zina za mafakitale kapena zanyumba.

    Komanso, pakukhazikitsa chithandizo chakuchita bwino, ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe gout ikuyendera.Matenda a shuga ngati alipo.

    Ndikofunikira kukonza kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'magazi ndi purine metabolism.

    Odwala ayenera kutsatira zakudya zapadera zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni, mafuta, mavitamini ndi chakudya chamagulu. Ndikofunika kusiya kudya kwambiri mchere ndi madzi.

    Zakudya za nephropathy

    Zakudya zokhwima zowononga impso zimaperekedwa kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi vuto la impso ndi glomerulonephritis. Ndi matenda amtundu wa impso, sikofunikira kuti muchepetse zakudya, ndikokwanira kuti muchepetse kumwa kwa zotentha, mchere ndi zonunkhira.

    Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndikukula kwa mavuto a impso zimafuna kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni omwe amabwera ndi chakudya. Ndi kagayidwe kazakudya, mapuloteni a nayitrogeni amayamba kupanga, omwe movuta kwambiri amatha kupulumutsidwa ndi impso zowonongeka motero amayamba kudziunjikira m'magazi. Nthawi yomweyo, mapuloteni ndi omwe amapanga maselo mthupi, chifukwa chake amafunika kukhala ochepa, osachotsedweratu. Mwa zakudya zama protein, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yamafuta ochepa am'madzi ndi nyama, koma pewani zakudya zamkaka.

    Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zamaproteni okhala ndi impso zimatha kuonedwa osaposera sabata imodzi, chifukwa moyo wa munthu umatha kukhala woipa kwambiri chifukwa chokana kwambiri zakudya zama protein. Ndi kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa ntchito ya impso, kuletsa mapuloteni sikufunika, ndikokwanira kupanga tsiku losala kudya kamodzi pa sabata.

    Chinthu china chofunikira pa zakudya ndi nephropathy ndizopatsa mphamvu. Zogulitsa ziyenera kukhala zama-calorie ambiri ndipo zakudya zonse zopatsa mphamvu patsiku zizikhala pafupifupi 3500 kcal. Kutsimikizika kwakukulu kuyenera kukhala pakudya kwamafuta ndi michere. Kutsika kwa calorie kudya kumapangitsa mkwiyo wa ma protein awo, motero, mapangidwe azinthu zopangira poizoni amayamba mthupi, motero katundu pa impso umachuluka kwambiri.

    Paokha chakudyacho chimayenera kukhala chosakanikirana komanso chokhazikika, muyenera kudya kawiri pa tsiku.

    Zakudya zamchere ziyenera kumangokhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kupangika kwa edema kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, simufunikira kuthira mchere zakudya zophika, ndibwino kuti muziwonjezera kale mukamagwiritsa ntchito.

    Zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa kale, monga buledi ndi makeke ena, zimakhala ndi mchere wambiri, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuphika makeke kunyumba. Pankhaniyi, ndizoletsedwa kudya soseji, kusuta, marinade, tchizi zolimba, nsomba zamchere, kumwa madzi amchere ndi cocoa.

    Ndikwabwino kukana zakudya zokhala ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, makamaka mtedza, zipatso zouma, tchizi cha kanyumba, nthochi, ndi zina zambiri.

    Makonda ayenera kuperekedwa ku zinthu zotsatirazi: pasitala, chimanga, mafuta ophika, masamba abwino ndi zipatso, zipatso, batala ndi mafuta a masamba, zakudya zonona ndi msuzi, msuzi kuchokera m'chiuno cha rose, khofi wopanda tiyi ndi tiyi.

    Zakudya za zakudya zowonongeka kwa impso zimaphatikizapo kuletsa kapena kupatula kwathunthu pazinthu zotsatirazi: bowa, chokoleti, msuzi wa nkhuku ndi nyama, anyezi ndi adyo, radara, nyemba, zokometsera komanso mbale za tsabola. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimaphatikizapo mafuta ofunikira omwe amakhumudwitsa minofu ya impso. Mukamaphika, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito sinamoni, tsamba la bay ndi anyezi wokazinga pang'ono.

    Matenda a shuga - nephropathy - amatanthauza kuwonongeka kwa impso, komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga a nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, limodzi ndi matendawa muyenera kutsatira zakudya, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kuti impso iziyenda bwino.

    Kupatsa thanzi pankhaniyi kumatanthawuza kuletsa kwamoto wosavuta. Zakudya za matenda ashuga zimapindulanso. Zakumwa zokhala ndi shuga ndizoletsedwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mumamwe timadziti tambiri (tachilengedwe), omwe ali ndi potaziyamu ambiri.

    Ngati matenda ashuga nephropathy akuwoneka motsutsana ochepa matenda oopsa, ndiye kuti mchere wopanda mchere uyenera kutsatiridwa.

    Zakudya kumayambiriro kwa nephropathy

    Pakadali pano, kubwezeretsa mphamvu zamagetsi mwachindunji kumatengera zakudya zoyenera. Izi zikuwonetsa kudya mapuloteni ochepa. Ngati matenda oopsa atapezeka, ndiye kuti mchere wambiri uyenera kukhala woperewera pafupifupi magalamu anayi patsiku. Kukana kuchokera kumchere wokhala ndi mchere kapena mchere pang'ono ndi nsomba kumathandizanso. Chakudya chizikonzedwa zokha kuchokera ku zinthu zatsopano popanda mchere. Nutritionists amalimbikitsa kuti zakudya zonse zopatsa mphamvu za calorie siziyenera kupitirira zopitilira 2500.

    Zakudya zamapuloteni

    Pakadali pano, zakudya zama protein ochepa ndizofunikira, zomwe ndi gawo la mankhwala ochiritsa. Zakudya zamapuloteni zimachepetsedwa kukhala 0,7 g pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa munthu. Mchere umangokhala ndi magalamu awiri patsiku. Mwanjira ina, simuyenera kuphika chakudya chopanda mchere, komanso kusintha mkate wopanda mchere. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mchere wochepa, monga: mpunga, kaloti, oats, semolina, kabichi (zoyera kapena kolifulawa), mbatata, beets. Nyama imakhala chakudya chamagulu kuchokera ku zopangidwa ndi nyama, ndi perch, pike, carp, ndi pike perch kuchokera ku nsomba.

    Zakudya kwa gawo la matenda a impso

    Pakadali pano, chithandizo chamankhwala chimatsika kuti muchepetse mapuloteni ku 0,3 g pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa munthu. Choyenereradi ndicholetsa phosphates. Ngakhale izi nthawi zina zimabweretsa kufa kwakatulo kwamapuloteni ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zimachepetsa moyo wa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kulephera. Popewa kufa ndi matenda a protein protein, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi ma amino acid ofunikira.

    Zakudya za impso nephropathy mu shuga

    Impso ndi chiwalo chophatikizidwa m'thupi la munthu chomwe chimasewera gawo losefera. Magazi ophatikizidwa ndi slag, poizoni, ndi zinthu zina zonyansa amalowa mu impso. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka impso, zovunda izi zimachotsedwa, ndipo magazi amasiya impso zimayeretsedwa. Ndipo poizoni ndi poizoni amachotsedwa m'thupi ndi mkodzo.

    Ngati kachilombo kaonekera m'thupi la munthu chifukwa cha matenda, impso ziyenera kugwira ntchito moyenera. Nthawi zina amalephera kupirira, ndipo imodzi mwa matenda a impso imayamba.

    Nephropathy ndimatchulidwe odziwika a matenda onse a impso. Kuchiza matenda a impso kumaphatikizapo kumwa mankhwala apadera ndikutsatira zakudya zama impso.

    Mitundu ndi zoyambitsa matenda a impso

    Pali zifukwa zambiri za nephropathy, zazikulu ndiz:

    Kutengera zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, mitundu yotsatirayi ya nephropathy imasiyanitsidwa:

    • matenda ashuga
    • poizoni
    • woyembekezera
    • cholowa.

    Kutengera zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa komanso, matendawa amakupatsani zakudya zamankhwala a impso.

    Nthawi zambiri odwala amanyalanyaza malangizo a dokotala okhudza kudya zakudya zama impso. Koma izi sizingachitike, chifukwa zinthu zomwe zasinthidwa zimalowa m'magazi, kenako kulowa impso ndipo zimatha kukulitsa mkhalidwe wawo. Nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu yothira mankhwala imatha kuchepetsedwa.

    Malangizo okhathamiritsa pazakudya zilizonse aziperekedwa ndi adokotala, koma pali malamulo apadera a anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso:

    • Chakudya chizikhala chopindika (nthawi 5-6 patsiku m'magawo ang'onoang'ono). Simungathe kuchulukitsa impso yofooka kale ndikuwononga nthawi yayitali. Ili ndilo lamulo lalikulu lazakudya la impso nephropathy.
    • Ndikofunikira kupatula zakudya zomwe zimayambitsa mkwiyo, chiwonongeko (chiwonongeko) cha tubules zomwe zikugwira ntchito. Zinthu monga zakudya zamzitini, zonunkhira, zakumwa, mowa.
    • Patulani zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi ma oxalates zomwe zimathandizira kupanga miyala. Uwu ndi sorelo ndi sipinachi.
    • Chepetsa kuchuluka kwa mchere womwe umatha. Nthawi zambiri munthu akamadya pafupifupi mchere wa 10-15 g pa tsiku, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso amafunika kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwake nthawi ziwiri kapena ziwiri.
    • Phatikizaninso zinthu monga mkaka, masamba ndi zipatso, zipatso muzakudya.
    • Mukamaphika zakudya zanu ziziphika, zophika, kuwotcha. Zakudya zophika ndizophatikizika.

    Zakudya zochepetsa impso

    Kuthandizira ntchito ya impso, muyenera kuwonjezera kudya kwa thanzi kwa iwo:

    Zakudya za nephropathy ya impso zimapangidwa ndi dokotala yemwe amapezeka paliponse ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi kusiyana pakati pa malingaliro omwe akuyembekezeredwa kutengera mawonekedwe a wodwala ndi matenda.

    Zizindikiro za matendawa

    Popeza matendawa amapangika nthawi yayitali, ndipo poyamba, sizipanga zokha. M'tsogolo, zizindikiro zotsatirazi ziyamba kuoneka:

    Kutopa, kufooka, kupweteka mutu pafupipafupi, ludzu losalekeza, kupweteka kwapakhosi kumbuyo, kutupa, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchuluka kwamkodzo kumachepa.

    Malamulo oyambira azakudya matenda

    Gawo lofunikira la zakudya mu nephropathy ya impso ndizopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chakudya chizikhala chamafuta kwambiri. Munthu ayenera kudya pafupifupi 3,500 zopatsa mphamvu patsiku. Ngati chiwerengero chawo chimachepetsedwa, ndiye kuti zinthu zopangidwa ndi poizoni zimapangidwa m'thupi, zomwe zimawonjezera kwambiri mitsempha.

    Kusuta, kuzifutsa, zakudya, tchizi zolimba, madzi otumphukira ndi koko sizikulimbikitsidwa kwa nephropathy ya impso.

    Zakudya za potaziyamu zambiri siziyenera kuyikidwa pambali. Awa ndi nthochi, mtedza, zipatso zouma.

    Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu za impso nephropathy zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ayisikilimu, chokoleti, anyezi ndi adyo. Zakudya izi zimakhala ndi mafuta ofunikira omwe amakhumudwitsa minofu ya impso.

    Chifukwa chazakudya zoyenera komanso kuphatikiza zopangidwa ndi thanzi, odwala ali ndi kusintha kwamphamvu paumoyo wawo. Patsiku lachitatu kuyambira pachiyambire chakudya, mutha kuwona zabwino. Popita nthawi, mphamvu ya chakudya imachulukana.

    Njira za anthu

    Mankhwala wowerengeka, pali mitundu yapadera ndi chindapusa, chifukwa chomwe mungathe kukonza ntchito ya impso.

    • Mavwende Kwa edema, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonzekera decoctions wa zamkati ndi masamba a chivwende.
    • Lingonberry. Kuzunguliridwa ndi zipatso za shuga zomwe zimapangidwira kumatha kuteteza. Kusakaniza kumawonjezeredwa ndi madzi ndikuledzera monga compote.
    • Zomera zamtchire. Decoctions a zipatso ndi masamba a sitiroberi zimakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa impso.

    Kuphatikiza pa chakudya cha impso nephropathy, mankhwala azitsamba ndi mankhwala amakhazikikiranso. Mtundu wa chithandizo umatengera wodwalayo komanso kuopsa kwa matenda ake.

    Mapangidwe a matenda ashuga nephropathy limodzi ndi mkhutu aimpso ntchito. Matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono. Mwanjira imeneyi, magawo angapo a matendawa amasiyanitsidwa, chifukwa chilichonse mwazizindikiro zina komanso kuchuluka kwa zowonongeka mu chiwalo. Pa mankhwalawa komanso kupewa matenda nthawi iliyonse, kuwonjezera pa chithandizo chamankhwala, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zoyenera. Zakudya za matenda a shuga a nephropathy zimatengera gawo la matendawa. Monga lamulo, imodzi mwazinthu zitatu zamakudya ochepera mapuloteni amagwiritsidwa ntchito - 7, 7 a, 7 b. Iliyonse ya zakudya amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofukufuku wa matenda a shuga a nephropathy.

    Zakudya izi ndi nephropathy zimakuthandizani kuti muchotse zinthu za nayitrogeni m'thupi, zimathandiza kuchepetsa kukakamiza komanso kuchepetsa edema. Amatchulidwa kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, ndipo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati pachimake nephritis ndipo amatchulidwa kuyambira masabata 3-4 kuyambira pakuyamba chithandizo. Komanso, zakudyazo ndizoyenera yade.

    Zakudya izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwamafuta ndi mafuta m'thupi la wodwalayo. Pokonzekera chakudya chamagulu, muyenera kusiya kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mchere. Ndi chilolezo cha dokotala, mutha kuwonjezera mchere pang'onopang'ono musanagwiritse ntchito. Kuchuluka kwa madzi tsiku lililonse kumakhala kochepa - poganizira zamadzimadzi zamadzimadzi, siziyenera kupitirira 1 lita.

    Chofunika: Zakudya No. 7 imaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ofunikira, ndiye kuti, horseradish, anyezi ndi adyo, komanso oxalic acid, nyama yamafuta, nsomba, bowa ndi zinthu zina zowonjezera.

    Pogwiritsa ntchito zofufuza, mumakonda kuphika, kuwira komanso kuwotcha. Zakudya zophika ndizophatikizika. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru kusamala chakudya, kapena kuti, sikufunika kupera komanso pogaya. Nyama yokhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso nsomba zimatha kuwiritsa ndi kudya 100-130 g patsiku. Zakudya zonse zizikhala zotentha.

    Zakudya zonse zopatsa mphamvu - 2700-2900 kcal:

    1. Zakudya zamafuta - 40-460 g (pomwe shuga ndi 80-90 g) yokha.
    2. Mapuloteni - 80 g (theka lokha ndi lomwe lingakhale nyama).
    3. Mafuta - 90-110 g (kotala ayenera kukhala masamba).
    4. Mchere - osapitirira 10 g patsiku.
    5. Zakudya zamadzimadzi (zotanthauza osati madzi okha, komanso msuzi, tiyi) - osaposa malita 1.1.
    6. Idyani nthawi 4-5 ndi zakudya zofanana pakati pa chakudya.

    Mndandanda wazinthu zololedwa:

    • buledi wopanda mchere, zikondamoyo, zikondamoyo zopanda mchere,
    • zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zamasamba ndi zipatso,
    • nyama yamwana wamchere wochepa, lilime lophika, ng'ombe, nkhuku, kalulu, mwanawankhosa wamphongo ndi mafuta ochepa a nkhumba,
    • nsomba yamafuta owiritsa ochepa (mutha kuphika nsomba, zinthu, kukhuta),
    • zakumwa mkaka, kirimu wowawasa, mkaka, tchizi choko ndi mpunga, kaloti ndi maapulo,
    • osaposa mazira awiri pa sabata (mutha patsiku, koma muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nsomba, nyama ndi tchizi chanyumba), yolks ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku mbale
    • mpunga, chimanga ndi barele, sago,
    • pasitala
    • masamba aliwonse (owiritsa kapena otentha, ophika),
    • vinaigrette popanda ma pickles,
    • zipatso ndi masamba
    • zipatso ndi zipatso,
    • Kupanikizana, wokondedwa, zakudya zamafuta ndi zakudya zimaloledwa m'zakudya, koma kwa odwala matenda ashuga okha maswiti apadera a odwala matenda ashuga angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

    • buledi wamba ndi zinthu zina zothira mchere,
    • nyemba
    • msuzi pa nyama, nsomba kapena bowa,
    • nyama zosuta, nyama zam'chitini, masoseji,
    • zakudya zokazinga
    • nsomba zosemedwa ndi mchere, nsomba zamzitini, caviar,
    • zipatso, zipatso, masamba osankhika,
    • radish, anyezi, adyo, komanso horseradish, sipinachi, radish, sorelo,
    • chokoleti
    • bowa.


    Mankhwala othandizira awa amadziwika ngati woyamba matenda a matenda ashuga nephropathy, komanso pachimake glomerulonephritis ndi PN. Kudya kotereku kwa impso nephropathy kumapangidwira kukonza zotupa za mankhwala a metabolic, kuchepetsa edema, kuchepetsa mawonetseredwe a matenda oopsa, pofuna kudekha impso.

    Ndi kulephera kwa aimpso ndi nephropathy, chakudya chokhazikitsidwa ndi mbewu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi mapuloteni. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta ndi mafuta kumatsitsidwa pang'ono. Chakudya chomwe chili ndi mafuta ofunikira, oxalic acid, sichimachotsedwa muzakudya. Nthawi yomweyo, kukonza zophikira ndikungophika, kuwira komanso kuwotcha. Zogulitsa sizikuyenera kuphwanyidwa kwambiri. Zakudya zonse zimaphikidwa popanda mchere. Mutha kudya mkate wopanda mchere. Chakudya cha nthawi zisanu ndi chimodzi.

    Zakudya zonse zopatsa mphamvu zamafuta awa ndi 2150-2200 kcal:

    1. Mapuloteni - 20 g (theka la iwo ndi mapuloteni ochokera ku nyama, ndipo ali ndi CRF - 70%).
    2. Mafuta - 80 magalamu (15% yokha ndi mafuta a masamba).
    3. Zakudya zam'madzi - 350 g (zomwe shuga sizoposa 80 g).
    4. Ndikofunika kuthetseratu mchere.
    5. Kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mkodzo tsiku lililonse. Sayenera kupitilira kuposa malita 0,5.

    Mndandanda wazakudya chololedwa:

    • mkate wopanda mapuloteni wopanda mchere (wokhazikika pa wowuma chimanga) osaposa magalamu 100 kapena mkate wopanda tirigu wopanda mchere osaposa 50 g / d, zinthu zina za yisiti zopanda mchere,
    • supu zamasamba (zimatha kukonzedwa ndi kirimu wowawasa, zitsamba ndi anyezi wowiritsa),
    • nyama yochepa mafuta a kalulu, nkhuku, nyama yamwana wamphongo, ng'ombe, nkhuku - osapitilira magalamu 50-60 patsiku,
    • nsomba zamafuta ochepa - osapitilira 50 g / d (mutha kuphika, kuphika kapena kusenda),
    • kirimu, kirimu wowawasa ndi mkaka - osaposa magalamu 60 (zochulukirapo zitha kuchitidwa ngati kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a tsiku ndi tsiku amachepetsedwa chifukwa cha nsomba ndi nyama),
    • tchizi chanyumba chimatha kukhala, ngati nyama ndi nsomba sizikaphatikizidwa kwathunthu,
    • ½ kapena mazira ½ patsiku monga chakudya kapena mazira awiri pa sabata,
    • chimanga - sago ndikuloledwa, mpunga uyenera kukhala wochepa. Amaphikidwa m'madzi kapena mkaka ngati phala, pilaf, casserole, pudding kapena meatballs,
    • pasiti wopanda mapuloteni,
    • masamba atsopano - pafupifupi 400-500 g patsiku,
    • mbatata zosaposa 200-250 g / d,
    • Mutha kudya parsley ndi katsabola, komanso anyezi wokazinga (onjezerani ku mbale),
    • zipatso, zipatso, zakumwa za zipatso, zakudya zosiyanasiyana zamafuta ndi zipatso,
    • uchi, kupanikizana (kwa ashuga okha maswiti apadera a matenda ashuga),
    • mutha kugwiritsa ntchito msuzi wokoma ndi wowawasa kuti musinthe kukoma (kirimu wowawasa ndi phwetekere),
    • sinamoni, citric acid, vanillin, zipatso ndi msuzi wamasamba
    • Amaloledwa kumwa tiyi wopanda mphamvu ndi kagawo ka mandimu, timadzimu tothiriridwa ndi msuzi wa maluwa akuthengo,
    • Kuchokera pamafuta, mutha kudya batala (wopanda mafuta) ndi mafuta a masamba.

    Mwa zakudya zoletsedwa pali izi:

    • mafuta onse ophikira ndi ophika ndi mchere,
    • nyemba
    • mkaka ndi msuzi wamphaka (kupatula sago),
    • msuzi nyama, nsomba ndi bowa,
    • mafuta amitundu yam'madzi ndi nyama,
    • nyama zophika, zakudya zam'chitini, nkhaka ndi marinade,
    • tchizi cholimba
    • pasitala (kuphatikiza wopanda mapuloteni),
    • mbewu zonse kupatula sago ndi mpunga,
    • masamba ophika, mchere ndi mchere.
    • sorelo, sipinachi, bowa, radish, kolifulawa, adyo,
    • odzola mkaka, chokoleti, ayisikilimu,
    • nyama, nsomba ndi msuzi bowa,
    • tsabola, tsabola, komanso mpiru,
    • khofi wachilengedwe, madzi amchere omwe ali ndi sodium yambiri, koko,
    • nyama zamafuta.


    Zakudya izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu gawo lachitatu la matenda a shuga, nephropitis yovuta kwambiri, komanso kulephera kwa aimpso. Nthawi zina amathandizidwa ndi nephritis yayitali pakudya 7 ndi PN yochepa.

    Cholinga cha chakudya ichi ndi chofanana ndi cha awiri oyamba - kuwonetsa kwa zinthu za metabolic kuchokera mthupi, kuchepa kwa edema ndi matenda oopsa. Zakudya izi zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi mapuloteni. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta ndi mafuta kumakhalabe koyenera. Popeza kuchuluka kwa chakudya sikungathe kuchepetsedwa pang'ono, kuperewera kwake chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mapuloteni kumawonjezeredwa ndimafuta ndi maswiti omwe amaloledwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

    Zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa thanzi pazakudya pafupifupi 2500-2600 kcal:

    1. Mapuloteni - 40-50 g (theka lalikulu la iwo ochokera ku nyama).
    2. Mafuta - 83-95 g (kotala mwa iwo ochokera ku mbewu).
    3. Zakudya zamafuta - 400-460 g zomwe pafupifupi 100 g shuga.
    4. Mchere umasiyidwa kwathunthu.
    5. Zakudya zosaposa 1.2 l ndikuwunika pafupipafupi diuresis.

    Zakudya kutengera gawo la matenda

    wokhala ndi zovuta zambiri zoyipa kwa thupi. Pambuyo pake, matenda a shuga a nephropathy amatha, omwe ndi omwe amawopsa kwambiri. Amapezeka mu gawo limodzi mwa odwala atatu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndipo amadziwonetsa yekha mu kulephera kwa impso kuti ayeretse magazi pazinthu zamapuloteni. Pokonza matenda a shuga a nephropathy, chakudyacho chimagwira ntchito yofunika, zigawo zake komanso kuchuluka kwake zimasankhidwa malinga ndi gawo la DN.

    Zakudya za matenda a shuga a nephropathy pa gawo la proteinuria

    Zakudya zama protein ochepa za diabetesic nephropathy pa nthawi ya proteinuria ndi njira yochizira. Zakudya zamapuloteni zimachepetsedwa kukhala 0,7-0.8 g pa 1 kg ya thupi la wodwalayo. Mchere umalimbikitsidwa kuti uzikhala ndi 2-2,5 g patsiku. Pochita izi, zikutanthauza kuti ndikofunikira kuti musaphike chakudya chopanda mchere, komanso kusintha mkate wopanda mchere ndi makeke. Zomwe zikuwonetsedwanso ndikugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zotsika mchere - mpunga, chimanga kuchokera ku oats ndi semolina, kaloti, kabichi (kolifulawa ndi yoyera), beets, mbatata. Kuchokera nyama zanyama zamalonda ndizothandiza, kuchokera ku nsomba - carp, pike perch, pike, nsomba.

    Zakudya pa gawo la matenda aimpso kulephera

    Njira yayikulu yothandizira pakudya ndi kuchepetsa protein kukhala 0,6-0.3 g pa kilogalamu imodzi ya thupi la wodwalayo. Kuletsedwa kwa phosphates pakudya kwa matenda a shuga a nephropathy pa gawo la matenda aimpso kulephera kumathandizanso. Komabe, izi sizimatheka nthawi zonse, zimabweretsa njala yamapuloteni komanso zimachepetsa moyo wa odwala. Popewa kufa ndi matenda a protein protein, mankhwala amaikidwa omwe ali ndi ma amino acid ofunikira.

    Pa gawo la CRF, madotolo adapanga mitundu itatu ya zakudya: 7a, 7b, 7P, momwe mulingo uliwonse woletsa zinthu zama protein, komanso phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, zimanenedweratu. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kuli ndi contraindication, kumafuna kuyang'aniridwa kawirikawiri kuchipatala ndikuwunika ma labotale.

    Zofanana ndi Zakudya za Matenda A shuga ndi Atsitsi a Nabetes

    Matenda a shuga ndi nephropathy ndi lingaliro lovuta. Zimaphatikizanso gulu la matenda a impso omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kosalekeza m'magazi a magazi. Chimodzi mwa mawonekedwe a matenda a shuga a nephropathy ndi kulephera kwaimpso.

    Ndi diabetesic nephropathy, chakudyacho chimapangidwa kuti chikhale ndi matenda a wodwalayo komanso kupewa mavuto. Mukayerekezera zakudya ndi shuga ndi zakudya ndi nephropathy ya impso, mfundo zofunika ndizofanana:

    • Kusintha koyenera. Ndi matenda ashuga, oyambira koyambirira komanso osakhwima, muyenera kusiya zinthu zomwe mumazidziwa bwino kwambiri. Izi ndi nyama zakumwa, marinade, mowa, zonunkhira, mchere, zotsekemera, ufa. Kulephera uku kumabweretsa kuperewera kwa michere, ndiye muyenera kuwapanga kudzera muzakudya zoyenera. Matenda a shuga akamadwala, njira zambiri zowonongeka zimachitika mthupi. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi matenda operewera. Izi zimatsogolera pakupanga zinthu zazing'ono komanso zazikulu kuchokera mthupi. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndizophatikizira monga makangaza, beets, mphesa, kabichi muzakudya zimathandizira kupanga.
    • Magawo ang'onoang'ono. Ndi matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kupewa kudya kwambiri. Poterepa, katundu pazinthu zodyera ziwonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo izi zimakwiyira ndi kulumpha lakuthwa mu shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, mu mawonekedwe osakhazikika a matenda ashuga, kupanga ma enzyme omwe amatulutsidwa ndi dongosolo la m'mimba kumachepa. Izi zimayambitsa kusokonezeka, kutsekula m'mimba, kutulutsa magazi, kusanza, kuyamwa. Mukachepetsa kukula kwake kukhala 250-300 g (pafupifupi kukula kwa nkhonya), m'mimba ndi matumbo sizikhala ndi nkhawa.
    • Shuga wochepera. Ndemanga ndizosafunikira - shuga wocheperako amatha kupangitsa kuti wodwalayo asokonezeke kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pakukonzekera chakudya, ndikofunikanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga, osadya maola awiri musanadye.
    • Kukana mchere. Onse shuga ndi mchere amakola madzi mthupi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amadwala edema. Mchere wambiri wololedwa tsiku lililonse ndi 3 g.
    • Kudya zakudya zokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic (GI) ndizomwe zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe amapezeka m'thupi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi thupi ndikuwonjezera shuga.
    Mndandanda Wamtundu Wapansi wa GIMalingaliro azakumwa
    Zipatso ndi zipatso
    • akuda ndi ofiira
    • jamu, maapulo, peyala, apurikoti,
    • mabulosi, rasipiberi, sitiroberi,
    • sitiroberi, ndimu, lalanje, mandarin, pomelo, laimu
    		Zipatso za citrus zimayenera kusamala ndi iwo omwe ali ndi gastritis, matenda am'mimba am'mimba, komanso colitis. 1 chipatso chololedwa patsiku
    Masamba
    • squashi, anyezi, adyo,
    • biringanya, phwetekere, nyemba zobiriwira,
    • mphodza, kaloti, beets,
    • nandolo zatsopano zowuma,
    • mitundu yonse ya kabichi - kolifulawa, broccoli, kabichi yoyera ndi yofiira, tsabola wokoma
    		Anyezi ndi adyo amatsutsana mu gastritis ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Kabichi ingayambitse kutulutsa ndi kukondwerera, kotero sikuti kupitilira 300. Ndi zukini, kaloti, nephropathy, mosamala, popeza ndi okodzetsa (awa ndi owonjezera pa impso)
    Mbalebarele, barele, mpunga wopanda bulauni, bulwheat, bulgurBulgur patsiku, mutha kudya mbale 1 (osapitirira 100 g ya mankhwala owuma), popeza ndiotchipa kwambiri (345-360 g mu 100 g of product)
    Zinthu zamkaka
    • kirimu wowawasa, zonona 20%,
    • yogurt yabwino ndi zipatso, batala, margarine, tchizi zolimba,
    • wokometsedwa mkaka, wokometsedwa curd, curd
    		Tchizi cholimba patsiku sichitha kudyedwa osapitilira 30 g chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri kwa kalori.

    Wowawasa kirimu ndi batala - osaposa supuni patsiku, makamaka mu kavalidwe kapena msuzi

    Kusiyana zakudya mu shuga ndi matenda ashuga

    Kugwiritsa ntchito nyama kwa matenda ashuga komanso matenda ashuga nephropathy ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. Ngati odwala matenda ashuga akulimbikitsidwa kudya nyama yopendekera (nkhuku, nkhuku, kalulu, nyama yamphongo), ndiye kuti nephropathy, ngakhale pang'ono ndi pang'ono imayenera kusiyidwa. Kupanda kutero, impso zimalephera konse.

    Ndemanga Zaathanzi! Ndi diabetesic nephropathy, kapangidwe ka impso kamasinthasintha - ma tubules ndi glomeruli amawonjezeka kukula chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa minofu yolumikizana. Chifukwa cha izi, kutuluka kwa magazi kumasokonekera, kotero kuthekera kwakufefa ndikuchotsa poizoni kumakulirakulira. Zakudya zambiri zanyama zomwe nyama zimadya, ndizochuluka kwambiri ndi impso. Mitundu ya nayitrogeni, zopangidwa zomaliza za kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni, zimalowa m'magazi. Ngati simutenga nthawi yake ndikupita kumndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni azomera (mwachitsanzo, ma legamu), dialysis ingafunike posachedwa. Iyi ndi njira yotsuka yoyeretsera magazi, yomwe, monga impso, imakupatsani mwayi kusefa zinthu za metabolic ndikuzichotsa m'thupi.

    Mulingo wambiri wovomerezeka wa protein tsiku lililonse ndi 70 g.

    Kusiyana kwina kwakukulu pakudya kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga komanso odwala matenda a shuga. Kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi patsiku. Poyamba, kuchuluka kochepa kwamadzi patsiku ndi 1.5-2 malita. Ndizomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi mchere wamchere.

    Ndi diabetesic nephropathy, kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi kumachepetsedwa ndi theka kuti muchepetse nkhawa pazimpso. Onse mndandanda wazogulitsa komanso kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi patsiku ndizotsimikiziridwa ndi adokotala.

    Mukamadya masamba, zipatso ndi zipatso, pewani zomwe zili ndi oxalic acid. Mlingo wama microscopic, udzu winawake, sipinachi, sorelo, parsley, ndi rhubarb amaloledwa. Komanso ma apricots, zinanazi, nthochi, zukini, mapichesi, parsley. Palinso tomato, akuda, ma radish, katsabola, nyemba, horseradish, sipinachi ndi mbatata. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito, ndiye kuti mumakhala mtundu wa saladi kapena gawo limodzi la msuzi.

    Zovuta Zopatsa Thanzi kwa a Nephropathy a shuga


    Mu matenda a shuga a nephropathy, osati magawo a impso (nephrons), komanso mitsempha yoyandikana ndi magazi, amavutika. Mapeto ake, cholesterol imadziunjikira, chifukwa chake makoma am'zombo amakhala ochepa thupi, motero, kupezeka kwawo kwa mapuloteni kumawonjezeka. Ndipo chifukwa cha kusintha kowopsa mu impso, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera. Chimodzi mwa zolinga zikuluzikulu za kadyedwe ndikukhazikika kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi komanso kuchepetsa magazi.

    Zomwe zimapatsa thanzi komanso kuphatikiza kwa zinthu kumatengera gawo la matendawa. Pachigawo choyambirira, muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri kuti musatseguke m'magazi a magazi.

    Ngati matendawa wadwala kwambiri, choyambirira, muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a nyama. Zoyenera, zimasiyidwa kwathunthu, ndikusintha ndi masamba - osaposa 70 g patsiku. Gawo lotsatira ndikuletsedwa kwamadzimadzi (mpaka 1 lita imodzi). Kukana kwa diuretic zinthu (nkhaka, zukini, mavwende, udzu winawake, parsley). Zonsezi kuti muchepetse kukula kwa minofu yolumikizana ndi impso, kuchepetsa kuledzera, kuchepetsa nkhawa pa impso ndikuchedwa kutsegulanso nthawi ya dialysis.

    Zosintha zamasiku a tsikulo

    Chakudya cham'mawa (chimodzi mwa mbale)Chakudya chamadzulo (chimodzi mwa mbale)Chakudya chamadzulo (chimodzi mwa mbale)
    Saladi yazipatso (imatha kukonzedwa ndi kefir)Msuzi wamasamba, barele wokhala ndi cutlet ya nsomba, khofi wobiriwiraTsabola wokutidwa ndi bulgur ndi tomato, zipatso zowuma
    Mapuloteni ndi omelette wokoma wa tsabola, tiyi wobiriwira wokhala ndi buledi wa ryePearl barele kapena msuzi wa buckwheat, phala kuchokera ku bulgur kapena mphodza ndi chotseka cha nkhuku, msuzi wa cranberryMasamba a nkhuku, saladi wa tsabola wokoma, kaloti, nkhaka ndi phwetekere
    Green apulo, tchizi chokoleti ndi supuni ya kirimu wowawasaMsuzi wamasamba, phala la barele ndi tirigu wokongoletsedwa wa nkhuku, tiyi wobiriwiraKabuu woluka ndi mpunga ndi bowa, kagawo ka mkate wa rye
    Chomera chamadzimadzi cha biringanya, phwetekere, anyezi ndi tsabola wokoma, tiyi wobiriwiraChakudya cha nkhuku, phala la mphodza ndi nkhuku yoyera ya chiwindiBuckwheat ndi fillet ya hake yophika ndi zojambulazo, tiyi

    Maphikidwe ophika ndi nephropathy amatha kupezeka mu kanema pansipa.

    Impso ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri. Amagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo ya fyuluta, pochotsa zinthu za m'magazi a protein. Mu impso mumakhala zombo zazing'ono zochepa - ma capillaries, omwe amapanga glomeruli la impso ndi nembanemba lomwe lili ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono. Ndi potseguka izi pomwe amapanga mapuloteni - urea ndi creatinine, omwe amachokera mkodzo mkodzo. Maselo ofiira ofiira, mapuloteni kudzera m'mabowo samalowa ndipo amapitilizabe kukhala m'magazi.

    Chakudya cha impso nephropathy ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukhalitsa thanzi, kuthandiza kusintha kagayidwe kachakudya kagayidwe kachakudya. Zakudya zamankhwala ndizofunikira kwambiri pazamankhwala zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwala azisangalala. Matenda aliwonse a impso amasokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana mthupi. Choyamba, izi zimakhudzana ndi kusintha kwazinthu zokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu za metabolic m'magazi ndikusokoneza mu-electrolyte yamadzi ndi acid usawa.

    Kusintha kumeneku kumadzetsa kuwoneka kwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

    • mapangidwe a puffuffuff,
    • kuthamanga kwa magazi
    • kuwonetsera kwa kuledzera mthupi kudzera pazinthu zake zomwe zimakhala za metabolic.

    Zinthu zothandiza za nephropathy

    Popeza wodwala amakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri ndi mkodzo panthawi ya nephropathy, chakudyacho chimapangidwa kuti chikwaniritse thupi ndi mapuloteni.

    Chifukwa choti impso sizigwira ntchito bwino, madzimadzi amadziunjikira m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, chakudya chamagulu chimayang'aniridwa ndikuchepetsa komanso kuthetsa kwathunthu kufooka.

    Zowopsa ndi zovulaza ndi nephropathy

    Ndi nephropathy, kuchuluka kwazinthu zambiri kumaloledwa ndipo zakudya sizosiyana kwambiri ndi zakudya zamunthu wathanzi. Komabe pali malire:

    Choletsedwa chambiri pa kuchuluka kwa mchere womwe umamwetsa, kuchepetsa zinthu zomwe zili ndi zinthu zina zowonjezera zina (zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi am'mimba agwiritsidwe ntchito), choletsa pazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta osavuta (makamaka omwe ali ndi shuga), kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za confectionery, mankhwala okoma a ufa, ayisikilimu, Mitundu yonse ya zakudya zamzitini, zonunkhira ndi zonunkhira sizimachotsedwa muzakudya, simungagwiritse ntchito ma pickles, nyama zosuta, marinade, zokometsera.

    Impso ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri. Amagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo ya fyuluta, pochotsa zinthu za m'magazi a protein. Mu impso mumakhala zombo zazing'ono zochepa - ma capillaries, omwe amapanga glomeruli la impso ndi nembanemba lomwe lili ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono. Ndi potseguka izi pomwe amapanga mapuloteni - urea ndi creatinine, omwe amachokera mkodzo mkodzo. Maselo ofiira ofiira, mapuloteni kudzera m'mabowo samalowa ndipo amapitilizabe kukhala m'magazi.

    Chakudya cha impso nephropathy ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukhalitsa thanzi, kuthandiza kusintha kagayidwe kachakudya kagayidwe kachakudya. Zakudya zamankhwala ndizofunikira kwambiri pazamankhwala zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwala azisangalala. Matenda aliwonse a impso amasokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana mthupi. Choyamba, izi zimakhudzana ndi kusintha kwazinthu zokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu za metabolic m'magazi ndikusokoneza mu-electrolyte yamadzi ndi acid usawa.

    Kusintha kumeneku kumadzetsa kuwoneka kwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

    • mapangidwe a puffuffuff,
    • kuthamanga kwa magazi
    • kuwonetsera kwa kuledzera mthupi kudzera pazinthu zake zomwe zimakhala za metabolic.

    Zambiri pazakudya zopatsa thanzi

    Panthawi yodwala ziwalo zophatikizika, momwe zimagwirira ntchito zimakhudzika, zomwe zimawonetsedwa kuchepa kwa kuthetsedwa kwa poizoni ndi poizoni m'thupi. Chovuta kwambiri kwa impso ndi mankhwala asafe, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zamapuloteni zomwe zimachokera ku nyama. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zonse za matenda a impso zimapangidwa kuti muchepetse pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a nyama omwe amadya ndikuwonjezera mapuloteni ake.

    Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kukana kwambiri zinthu zamapuloteni kumavulaza thupi lopanda mphamvu ndipo kungayambitse kukulira kwa vutoli. Chifukwa chake, njirayi iyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muthawe zakudya zamafuta ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi (nkhuku, nsomba zamafuta ochepa, venal).

    Mchere wambiri m'zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku umatsogolera pakupanga kutupa ndi kuwonjezeka kwamkati ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Chifukwa chake, kuti muchepetse kuuma kwa zizindikiro izi, mchere wofunikira pang'onopang'ono ndi wofunikira.

    Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphika chakudya popanda mchere kapena, ngati kuli kofunika, onjezerani mchere musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito. Pofuna kusintha makomedwe azakudya, mchere ungalowe m'malo ndi madzi a phwetekere popanda mchere, mandimu, adyo, anyezi, zitsamba.

    Zokhudza zakudya pa impso

    Zovuta za impso zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa njira yochotsa potaziyamu m'thupi, yomwe imayang'anira ntchito ya ziwalo zophatikizika, minofu yamtima ndi minofu minofu. Chifukwa chake, kuchepa kwake kapena kuchepa kwake kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zosasintha m'thupi. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kukulitsa kudya kwa potaziyamu tsiku lililonse m'magawo oyamba a nephropathy, ndikuwachepetsa pambuyo pake.

    Kuchulukana kwa phosphorous m'magazi kumabweretsa kuyambika pang'onopang'ono kwa calcium kuchokera mthupi, kukulira kupweteka kwamalumikizidwe ndi kupindika pang'onopang'ono kwa mafupa ndi cartilage. Phosphorous imapangitsanso minofu kuumitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwamphamvu kwa impso, minofu ya mtima, mafupa ndi mapapu. Chifukwa chake, matenda a impso amawonetsedwa ndi ma dermatoses oyenda, kutsekeka kwa mtima komanso kumva kuwawa m'mapapu. Mu nthawi yovuta kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kudya zinthu zamtunduwu, zomwe zithandizira kufulumizitsa kuchira.

    Kumwa madzi okwanira okwanira ndi gawo lofunikira pakudya koyenera. Madzi amathandizira kuyeretsa thupi pazinthu zovulaza, zomwe zimakhudzanso mphamvu za kuchira. Kuti muwone kuyendetsa bwino mkodzo, munthawi ya chithandizo muyenera kusiya zakudya zonunkhira, zamafuta, zamchere komanso zamzitini, zomwe zimasungabe madzi mthupi ndikupangitsa kuti liwonongeke komanso kuchuluka kwa kutupa.

    Panthawi ya a impso pathologies komanso aimpso kulephera, menyu uyenera kuphatikizapo zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chitsulo, zinc, calcium ndi selenium. Mkati mwa matendawa, kagayidwe kosokonekera kamabweretsa kusowa kwa zinthu zofunikira zomwe zimafunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa ziwalo ndi machitidwe.

    Zakudya tebulo nambala 7

    Zakudya za matenda a shuga a nephropathy No. 7 tikulimbikitsidwa kubwezeretsa kagayidwe kachakudya, kuchepetsa kutupa, mtsempha wamagazi ndi magazi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda ashuga komanso dysmetabolic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, kulephera kwaimpso ndi zina.

    Malinga ndi malingaliro a patebulopo, zinthu zomwe zili ndi zakudya zamafuta kwambiri ndi mafuta zimagwera pansi pa zoletsedwa. Zakudya zimakonzedwa popanda mchere. Voliyumu ya tsiku ndi tsiku yamadzi akumwa sioposa 1 lita. Zopatsa za caloric za tsiku ndi tsiku sizoposa 2900 kcal, kuphatikiza chakudya - mpaka 450 g, mapuloteni - mpaka 80 g, mafuta - mpaka 100 g, shuga - mpaka 90 g.

    Pakudya No. 7 amaloledwa kudya:

    • msuzi pa msuzi wa masamba,
    • nyama ndi lilime,
    • nsomba zamafuta ochepa
    • zopangidwa mkaka, kupatula tchizi,
    • phala
    • masamba
    • chipatso
    • mazira osapitilira 2 ma..,
    • wokondedwa, kupanikizana, zakudya,
    • buledi ndi zikondamoyo zopanda mchere.

    • mchere wamafuta
    • nyama ndi nsomba zamitundu yamafuta zamafuta ndikuzitulutsa,
    • bowa
    • tchizi cholimba komanso chofewa,
    • nyemba
    • zogulitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi oxalic ndi ascorbic acid,
    • Chocolate

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