Kodi matenda oopsa 1 digiri 2 ndi chiyani, zimayambitsa ndi chani, komanso momwe angachitire?

Kwa zaka zambiri, kulimbana ndi matenda oopsa osagonjetseka?

Mkulu wa Sukulu: “Mudzadabwitsidwa momwe kumakhalira kosavuta kuchiza matenda oopsa tsiku lililonse.

Hypertension ndi vuto lodziwika bwino. Kusankha kowopsa kwambiri ndi digiri ya 3 yamatendawa, komabe, panthawi yodziwitsa, gawo ndi kuchuluka kwa zoopsa zikuwonetsedwa.

Anthu omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi ayenera kumvetsetsa izi kutanthauza kuti atenge nthawi yokwanira munthawi yake komanso kuti asachulukitse chiwopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta. Mwachitsanzo, ngati matenda oopsa apezeka kuti ali pachiwopsezo 3, ndiye kuti, manambawo amatanthauza chiyani?

Amatanthawuza kuti mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto lotere, chiopsezo chotenga zovuta chifukwa cha matenda oopsa chimachokera pa 20 mpaka 30%. Ngati chizindikiro ichi chikadutsa, kuwunika kwa matenda oopsa a grade 3 kumachitika, ngozi 4. Matendawa onse akuwonetsa kufunikira kwa njira zochiritsira mwachangu.

Kodi matenda oopsa 3 ndi otani

Mlingo wamatendawa umawonedwa ngati wowopsa. Zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zizindikiro zamagazi, zomwe zimawoneka motere:

• Kupsinjika kwa systolic kwa 180 kapena kupitirira mmHg,
• Diastolic - 110 mmHg ndi mmwamba.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kukakamizidwa kwa systolic ndi kukakamiza kwa diastoli - mutha kuwerenga m'nkhaniyi.

Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakhala kukwezedwa nthawi zonse ndipo kumakhala kokhazikika pamawu komwe kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kofunika.

Magulu oopsa kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa

Pazonse, ndichizolowezi kusiyanitsa magulu anayi oterowo kutengera kuwonongeka kwa mtima, mitsempha yamagazi ndi ziwalo zina, komanso pamaso pa zinthu zolemetsa:

• Chiwopsezo chimodzi - chochepera 15%, palibe chowonjezera,
• Chiwopsezo 2 - kuyambira 15 mpaka 20%, zomwe zimakulitsa zinthu zosaposa zitatu,
• Chiwopsezo cha 3 - 20-30%, zopitilira zitatu zoyipisa,
• Chiwopsezo cha 4 - pamwambapa 30%, zomwe zimakulitsa zoposa zitatu, pali kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo.

Zomwe zimalemera zimaphatikizapo kusuta, kusachita mokwanira masewera olimbitsa thupi, kunenepa kwambiri, kupsinjika, kuperewera kwa zakudya, shuga, matenda a endocrine.

Ndi matenda oopsa a giredi 3 ndi chiopsezo cha 3, ngozi yamatenda imachitika.

Odwala ambiri ali m'magulu 4 omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Chiwopsezo chachikulu chimatheka ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, chifukwa chamoyo chilichonse chimachita chilichonse payokha ndipo chimakhala ndi malire ake.

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino ReCardio kuchiza matenda oopsa. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Magawo a matenda oopsa

Kuphatikiza pa gulu la digiri ndi chiwopsezo, gawo la matenda oopsa limatsimikizidwanso:

• 1 - palibe zosintha ndi zovulala mu ziwalo zomwe mukufuna (zina zambiri apa),
• 2 - kusintha kwa ziwalo zingapo.
• 3 - kuwonjezera kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zomwe mukufuna, kuphatikiza zovuta: kugunda kwa mtima, sitiroko.

Ndi chitukuko cha matenda oopsa mpaka giredi 3 wokhala ndi zoopsa 3 ndi 4, sizingatheke kuzindikira zizindikirozo, chifukwa zimawonekera bwino kwambiri. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi chizindikiritso cha kuthamanga kwa magazi, komwe kumayambitsa mawonetseredwe ena onse a matendawa.

• Chizungulire komanso kupweteka mutu.
• Kugudubuka kwa "ntchentche" pamaso,
• Kuwonongeka kambiri,
• Kufooka m'manja ndi miyendo,
• Mavuto amawonedwe.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji zizindikilo zotere zimachitika? Vuto lalikulu ndi matenda oopsa ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumawonjezera katundu pakhoma la mtima.

Poyankha izi, zosanjikiza zamkati zimawonongeka, ndipo minyewa yamatumbo imangowonjezereka, chifukwa chake lumen yake imachepetsedwa. Pazifukwa zomwezi, zotengera zimakhala zochepa, ma cholesterol polembera pa makoma awo, kuunikira kwa ziwiya kumacheperachepera, ndipo magazi amayenda kwambiri.

Mawonetseredwe azachipatala amatengera kuchuluka kwa mitsempha yowonongeka.

Mwambiri, chiwopsezo chaumoyo ndi chachikulu kwambiri, ndipo matenda oopsa a grade 3 omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha 3 amawopseza kulumala moona. Ziwalo zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa zimakhudzidwa makamaka:

Zomwe zimachitika mumtima

Pulogalamu yamanzere yamtima imakulirakulira, minofu yosanjikiza mumakoma ake imakulirakulira, ndipo zotanuka zimatha kuwonongeka. Popita nthawi, ventricle ya kumanzere satha kuthana kwathunthu ndi ntchito zake, zomwe zimawopseza kukula kwa kulephera kwa mtima, ngati simutenga njira zoyenera panthawi yake.

Kuphatikiza apo, kukulitsa kwa kusakhazikika kwa hemodynamic ndikotheka, ndikuwonjezeka kwa kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazikulu, chiopsezo cha infarction cha myocardial chikuwonjezeka, chomwe chimayambitsa chiwopsezo cha moyo.

Kuwonongeka kwa impso

Impso ndi chiwalo chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi magazi mokwanira, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimadwala matenda othamanga magazi. Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya impso kumayipitsa magazi awo.

Zotsatira zake zimakhala kulephera kwa aimpso, chifukwa njira zowonongeka m'matengera zimayambitsa kusintha mu minofu, chifukwa cha ichi, ntchito za chiwalo zimalephera. Kuwonongeka kwa impso ndikotheka ndi gawo lachiwiri la matenda oopsa, kalasi 3, ngozi 3.

Zokhudza ubongo

Ndi matenda oopsa, ubongo umavutikanso ndi matenda oyenda m'magazi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha sclerosis komanso kuchepa kwa kamvekedwe ka mitsempha yamagazi, ubongo womwe, komanso mitsempha yomwe imayenda mgongo.

Zinthu zimakulirakulira ngati zotengera za wodwalayo zili ndi mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri m'dera lino la thupi, chifukwa kupsa mtima kumapangitsa kuti magazi awundike. Zotsatira zake, mu matenda oopsa popanda thandizo la panthawi yake, ubongo umasowa zakudya komanso mpweya wabwino.

Wodwalayo amachepetsa kukumbukira, amachepetsa chidwi. Mwina chitukuko cha encephalopathy, limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa luntha. Izi ndi zotsatira zosasangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa zimatha kutsitsa ntchito.

Kapangidwe ka magazi m'zotengera zomwe zimapatsanso ubongo kumakulitsa vuto loti ischemic stroke, ndipo kupatukana kwa magazi kungayambitse matenda a hemorrhagic. Zotsatira za izi zimatha kukhala zovulaza thupi.

Pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kugwidwa ndi matenda oopsa a grade 3 ndi mwayi wa 4 kuti mukhale ndi chilema. Pankhaniyi, zovuta zimatheka chifukwa cha zovuta kuyenda zamagalimoto ndi malankhulidwe kuti amalize ziwalo komanso ngakhale kufa.

Zokhudza ziwalo zamasomphenya

Odwala ena omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa a grade 3 omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo cha 3, kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya za retina kumachitika. Izi zimakhudza zowoneka bwino, zimachepa, ndipo kuthamanga kwa "ntchentche" pamaso pa maso ndizotheka. Nthawi zina munthu amapanikizika ndi ma eye, mu mkhalidwe uwu amangokhala kugona, ndipo mphamvu yake yogwira ntchito imachepa.

Ngozi ina - zotupa

Chimodzi mwazinthu zowopsa za matenda oopsa a grade 3 omwe ali ndi chiopsezo cha 3 ndikutupa kwa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Pali zifukwa ziwiri.

1. Choyamba, makoma akunyinyirika a sitimazo amasiya kutalika kwambiri mwakuti amakhala osalimba.
2. Kachiwiri, mitsempha yotupa imakhala yotheka pamalo a aneurysm, chifukwa apa makoma a ziwiya zochokera kumasefukira amayamba kucheperachepera.

Kutulutsa magazi pang'ono chifukwa chotumphukira chotengera kapena aneurysm kumayambitsa mapangidwe a hematomas; Kutulutsa magazi kwambiri ndikothekanso, kuimitsa komwe achipatala amafunikira.

Zizindikiro zoyambitsa matenda oopsa

Pali malingaliro akuti munthu nthawi yomweyo amamva kukakamizidwa, koma sizimachitika nthawi zonse. Iliyonse imakhala ndi gawo lake lakumverera.

Kukula kofala kwambiri kwa matenda oopsa ndi kusowa kwa zizindikiro mpaka kumayambiriro kwa vuto la matenda oopsa. Izi zikutanthauza kale kupezeka kwa matenda oopsa a gawo lachiwiri la gawo 3, popeza izi zimawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo.

Nthawi ya asymptomatic njira yamatendawa imatha kutalika. Ngati vuto la matenda oopsa silipezeka, ndiye kuti zizindikiro zoyambirira zimayamba kuonekera pang'onopang'ono, pomwe wodwala nthawi zambiri samalabadira, akunena kuti kutopa kapena kupsinjika. Nthawi ngati imeneyi imatha kukhalapo mpaka chitukuko cha matenda oopsa 2 akhale ochepa.

Zoyenera kuyang'ana

• Chizungulire pafupipafupi ndi mutu,
• Kumverera kwamphamvu mumakachisi ndi kulemera m'mutu,
• Tinnitus
• "Ntchentche" pamaso,
• Kutsika kambiri kwamtundu4
• Zosokoneza tulo.

Ngati mulibe chidwi ndi izi, ndiye kuti njirayo ikupitilira, ndipo kuchuluka ochulukitsa pazombozo pang'onopang'ono kumaziwononga, zikukuipiraipira, ngozi zikukula. Matendawa amapita gawo lotsatira komanso digiri yotsatira. Arterial hypertension grade 3 chiopsezo 3 imatha kupita mwachangu kwambiri.

Zotsatira zake, zizindikiro zazikulu kwambiri zimawonekera:

• Kusakwiya
• Kuchepetsa kukumbukira
• Kupuma pang'ono ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono,
• Zowonongeka
• Kusokoneza mtima.

Ndi matenda oopsa a giredi 3, ngozi ya 3 imatha kuyambitsa kulumala chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mtima.

Zomwe zimapangitsa matenda oopsa 3

Chifukwa chachikulu chakukhazikitsidwa kwa vuto lalikulu ngati matenda oopsa a grade 3 ndikusowa kwa chithandizo chamankhwala kapena chokwanira. Izi zitha kuchitika, kudzera mu cholakwa cha dotolo komanso wodwalayo.

Ngati dotoloyo alibe nzeru kapena samazindikira ndipo wapanga njira yoyenera yolandirira, ndiye kuti sizingatheke kuchepetsa magazi ndikuletsa njira zowonongera. Vuto lomwelo lagona podikirira odwala omwe samadziyang'anira ndipo samatsatira malangizo a katswiri.

Kuzindikira

Kuti mupeze matenda olondola, ma anamnesis ndi ofunika kwambiri, ndiko kuti, chidziwitso chomwe chimapezeka panthawi yoyesedwa, kudziwana ndi zolemba komanso kuchokera kwa wodwalayo. Madandaulo, zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kupezeka kwa zovuta zimawerengedwa. Muyenera kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi pafupipafupi.

Kuti adziwe matenda, dokotala amafunika kuwunika. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyeza chizindikiro ichi kawiri patsiku kwa masabata awiri. Zambiri zoyezera kuthamanga kwa magazi zimatilola kuti tidziwe momwe mitsempha ya magazi ilili.

Njira zina zodziwira matenda

• Kumvera mapapu ndi mtima kumveka,
• Kupanga kwamphamvu yam'mimba,
• Kusintha kwa mtima
• Electrocardiogram
• Ultrasound ya mtima, impso ndi ziwalo zina.

Kuti mumvetse bwino momwe thupi liliri, ndikofunikira kuwunikira:

Kuphatikiza apo, adotolo atha kukulemberani zina zowonjezera zofunika kwa wodwala wina. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa a gawo 3, gawo lachiwopsezo 3, zina zowonjezera zomwe zilipo zomwe zimafuna kusamala kwambiri.

Chithandizo cha matenda oopsa 3: amatanthauza njira zingapo zomwe zimaphatikizapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zakudya komanso moyo wokangalika. Chofunika ndikukana zizolowezi - kusuta fodya komanso kumwa mowa. Zinthu izi zimakulitsa kwambiri momwe mitsempha yamagazi imayambira ndikuwonjezera ngozi.

Pochiza matenda oopsa oopsa omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha 3 ndi 4, chithandizo cha mankhwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala amodzi sichingakwanire. Kuphatikiza kwa mankhwalawa m'magulu osiyanasiyana ndikofunikira.

Kuonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa zizindikiro zamagazi, makamaka mankhwala omwe amapezeka nthawi yayitali amalembedwa, omwe amakhala mpaka maola 24. Kusankhidwa kwa mankhwalawa mankhwalawa kwa matenda oopsa a grade 3 kumachitika, osangotengera zisonyezo za magazi, komanso kupezeka kwa zovuta ndi matenda ena. Mankhwala omwe mumalandira sayenera kukhala ndi mavuto osafunikira kwa wodwala wina.

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino ReCardio kuchiza matenda oopsa. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Magulu akuluakulu a mankhwala osokoneza bongo

• Zodzikongoletsera
• ACE zoletsa,
• β-blockers
• Calcium calcium blockers,
• AT2 receptor blockers.

Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya, ntchito ndi kupumula, dzipatseni katundu. Zotsatira zamankhwala sizimamveka akangoyamba kumene. Zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zizindikiro ziyambe kutsika.

Kodi kuphwanya mbala ndi chiyani?

Momwe mungachepetse kupanikizika mwachangu?

Onani mndandanda wa oletsa beta apa.

Zakudya za matenda oopsa

Zakudya zoyenera kwa matenda oopsa ndi gawo lofunikira la chithandizo.

Ndikofunikira kupatula zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azikula komanso kuti cholesterol ichulukane.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mchere kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, moyenera, osaposa theka la supuni patsiku.

Zotsogola ndi kupewa

Ndikosatheka kuchiritsa matenda oopsa a digiri 3 pachiwopsezo cha 3, koma nkwanzeru kusiya njira zowonongera ndikuthandizira thupi kuchira. Kutalika kwa moyo wa odwala omwe ali ndi giredi 3 matenda oopsa kumadalira kukula kwa matendawa, nthawi yake ndi mtundu wa chithandizo, komanso kutsatira kwa wodwalayo mogwirizana ndi malingaliro a adokotala.

Matendawa amatha kukhala osavomerezeka. Chidziwitso choopsa kwambiri ndi gawo lachitatu la matenda oopsa a degree 3 omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo cha 4, popeza pali zovuta zina, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zomwe zikuwoneka.

Kuti ziwongolero ziziyenda bwino, muyenera kumayesedwa pafupipafupi, mosasamala zaumoyo. Zimaphatikizapo kutumiza mayeso, ECG kuchokera 1 mpaka 3 pachaka. Wodwala amayenera kuyesa kuthamanga kwa magazi pafupipafupi. Izi zitha kuchitidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito tonometer yosavuta.

Matenda oopsa a digiri yachiwiri - momwe mungazindikirire zizindikiritso ndi chithandizo chiti

Hypertension, matenda a mtima. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa ndi matenda oopsa.

Zaka zaposachedwa, chiwerengero cha odwala chakwera kwambiri, ndipo chiwerengerochi chikukulirakulirabe. Gawo la omwe akudwala nalonso lakula, ngati kale anali achikulire, tsopano ngakhale achinyamata amadziwa chomwe matenda oopsa amakhala.

Vuto ndilakuti matenda oopsa sangachiritsidwe, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa ngati wafika madigiri 2.

2 digiri ya matenda oopsa, ndizinthu ziti

Madokotala amagawa kukula kwa matenda oopsa m'magawo atatu, kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu ndi BP yapakati. Matenda oopsa a arterial ku madigiri a 2 amadziwika ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu.

Chizindikiro cha systolic chikukwera mpaka 160 - 179 mm, ndi diastolic - 100 - 109 millimeter a zeb.

Kupanikizika ndikulimbikira, ndikovuta kuti muchepetse kukhala bwino, chifukwa izi, odwala amakakamizidwa kumwa mapiritsi.

Matenda oopsa a digiri ya 2 nthawi zambiri amawonekera mwa anthu okulirapo zaka 50. Chowonadi ndi chakuti thupi likukalamba, mitsempha yamagazi ikuchepa pang'ono, magazi amadutsa m'matumbo movutikira, ndipo chifukwa chake magazi amapita kumisempha ndi ziwalo zimasokonekera.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Kuthamanga kwa magazi si chizindikiro chokhacho. Amadziwika kwambiri ndi matenda oopsa a digiri yachiwiriyo, ndipo amatha kupangitsa kuti muwonekere zotsatirazi:

Chifukwa choti sikuti okalamba okha ndi omwe ali ndi vuto la kuthamanga kwa magazi, titha kunena kuti zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhalepo si kukalamba kwachilengedwe. Matenda oopsa a digiri yachiwiri amatha kukula chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika:

Matenda oopsa a gawo lachiwiri, matenda oopsa komanso osasinthika. Mlozera wamagazi ukuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira ndi zizindikiro zosafunikira. Munthu samamva kusintha kotere, thupi limasinthasintha pakapita nthawi. Pakadali pano, ntchito ya ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe zimasokonekera.

Kodi kuopsa kwa matenda oopsa ndi otani?

Matenda oopsa, makamaka magawo awiri, amakhudza magulu onse a ziwalo; ntchito yawo imatha kusokonekera chifukwa cha kusowa kwa magazi. Chiwopsezo cha kusokonezeka mu ntchito ya thupi imagawika m'magawo angapo, ndendende 4.

Zimatengera kupezeka komanso zovuta kuzinthu zowonjezera.Izi zimaphatikizapo zizolowezi zoyipa, ntchito yosagwira bwino ntchito, chakudya choperewera, matenda, cholowa, kusintha kwokhudzana ndi ukalamba mthupi.

1 digiri. Palibe zinthu zomwe zimakulitsa matendawa, pomwe chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo sichikuposa 15%. Amawerengedwa kuti ndi ofatsa kwambiri komanso osavulaza thupi.

Matenda oopsa a 2 digiri 2 - zosaposa zinthu ziwiri zoyipa, nthawi zina mwina sizingakhale choncho. Pankhaniyi, chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa minofu, komanso ziwalo zina zofunika kwambiri ndi machitidwe zimawonjezeka ndi 5%.

Matenda oopsa a Giredi 2 okhala ndi chiwopsezo cha 2 amawonekera mwa wodwala ngati alibe stroko kapena mavuto okhala ndi vuto la mahomoni, pamene wodwalayo akuwonetsa zizindikiro za matenda oopsa okha. Chiwopsezo cha kusokonezeka m'machitidwe ena chimawonjezeka ngati munthu wanenepa kwambiri.

Hypertension 2 madigiri 3 - amawoneka ngati pali zifukwa zitatu zoyipa. Poterepa, mwayi wa matenda a m'matumbo umakwera mpaka 30%.

Chiwopsezo chachitatu chimapezeka ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda a shuga kapena atherosulinosis. Pankhaniyi, matenda a impso akupita patsogolo, mkhalidwe wama chotengera cha coronary ukuipa. Ngati wazaka 30 wapeza matendawa, munthu atha kulumala.

Hypertension, chiopsezo cha gawo 3, 2 ndiyowopsa m'moyo, munthu akhoza kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu.

AH ya digiri 2 yoopsa 4 - kupezeka ngati pali zifukwa zinayi kapena zingapo zoyipa. Poterepa, chiwopsezo cha zovuta zikhala pamwamba pa 30%. Zizindikiro zikuwoneka bwino.

Kuphatikizika kwa matendawa, matenda oopsa, akuwonetsa kuti ali pachiwopsezo cha gawo 2, pomwe akuphatikizidwa ndi matenda ena akuluakulu. Komanso, kuzindikira kumeneku kumaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe apulumuka vuto la mtima.

Ngozi ndi chidziwitso chamtsogolo; Zimamuthandiza wodwala kumvetsetsa momwe alili ndipo amatenga njira zonse zofunika kuti athe kusintha mkhalidwe wake kuti apewe kusintha.

Chithandizo cha matenda oopsa 2 digiri

Matenda oopsa amakhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana motero, pa gawo lachiwiri, chithandizo cha wodwala aliyense chimayikidwa payekhapayekha. Momwe mungachiritsire matenda oopsa a grade 2 okha adokotala ndi amene angakuuzeni.

Mbiri yazachipatala ndiyofunikira, chifukwa pomwepo amadziwa za zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwonetsero cha matenda oopsa azikhala mwa wodwala. Wopangira mankhwala amapereka mankhwala, nthawi zina kufunsira kwa akatswiri amtima wamankhwala kapena ma neurologist kungakhale kofunikira. Mankhwala amadziwika chifukwa choyamba chotsimikizira kuti ali ndi matenda oopsa, ndikupitiliza kumwa kwa moyo wonse.

Chiwopsezo cha zovuta zimachuluka ngati wodwala ali ndi mavuto olemera. Pankhaniyi, zakudya zapadera zimapangidwira matenda oopsa a digiri yachiwiri.

Zomwe mankhwala amaikidwa

Mankhwala oopsa amakhala ndi ma diuretics, amachititsa kuti kagayidwe kazinthu, kagayidwe kachakudya kagayidwe kachakudya kazitha, motero, timadzi timadzi tambiri timatulutsa ndipo kupanikizika kumachepa.

Kenako amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachepetsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi, zoletsa za ACE zimagwira ntchito molingana ndi mahomoni. Ndi cholinga chomwecho, angiotensin-II receptor blockers amalembedwa.

Nthawi zina, ngati mankhwala ena sangathe, mankhwala omwe amachepetsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi amatha kupatsidwa mankhwala. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mukufunikira kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'matumbo kuti muchepetse zovuta zamagazi.

Izi ndichifukwa chakuti mankhwalawa amakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa zomwe sizofunikira ndi matenda awa, chifukwa chake makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala amodzi.

Matenda oopsa a digiri yachiwiri amabwereka bwino ku chithandizo ndi njira yophatikizira. Dokotalayo amapereka mankhwala awiri kapena kupitilira apo omwe amathandizana ndi zomwe zimachitika, ndipo zimakhudza thupi lonse.

Njirayi imapangitsa kuti aliyense payekhapayekha asankhe zosankha zazikulu zogwira ntchito kwa wodwala, amasankha ndende yomwe mukufuna, yomwe ingasinthidwe. Mankhwala aliwonse amawerengedwa pamavuto.

Khalidwe la mankhwalawa pa matenda oopsa makamaka zimadalira wodwalayo, ngati amvera malangizo a madokotala, amakhala ndi njira yolondola, yogwira ntchito, kulimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri, ngati alipo. Kutheka kwa zovuta ndi kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa gawo lina kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Kukula kwa mabere: zoyambitsa, zotsatira ndi chithandizo

Kuphatikizika kwa mitsempha kapena kugunda kwa ischemic ndi matenda momwe magazi amitsempha amasokonekera. Chifukwa cha izi, m'malo ena a ubongo, magazi omwe amakhala ndi mpweya komanso michere simalowa konse kapena samalandira zokwanira.

Kwenikweni, ischemic ubongo infarction imayamba mwa anthu opitirira zaka 50, komanso imatha kuchitika ali aang'ono.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Matendawa ndi oopsa. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuperewera kwa ubongo zimatha kukhala zosiyana:

• atherosulinosis
• matenda oopsa
• kunenepa
• myocardial infaration
• mtima ischemia
• matenda a mtima
• kulephera kwa mtima
• kusokonezeka kwa mtima
• matenda ashuga
• ochepa matenda oopsa
• kusintha kwamatenda (thrombosis ndi stenosis) kwamitsempha,
• kuchuluka kwamitsempha yamagazi
• magazi amachepetsa
• cholesterol yayikulu
• opaleshoni
• zopsinjika pafupipafupi
• zochita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri,
• kumangokhala.

Chulukitsani mwayi wokulitsa matenda a ischemic muukalamba, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zakulera za pakamwa, kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi kusuta.

Gulu

Malinga ndi zomwe zakupangidwazo, kupangika kwa ubongo kumagawidwa mu Cardioembolic, hemodynamic, atherothrombotic ndi lacunar.

Cardioembolic matenda obzala amapezeka pamene magazi amachotsa mtsempha wamagazi.

Vuto la hemodynamic limayamba chifukwa cha kutsika kwa magazi kapena kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa mtima wake.

Choyambitsa matenda a atherothrombotic ndi atherosulinosis.

Kuwala kwam'tsogolo kwa ubongo kumapangidwa pamene zotupa za mafupa amtundu wabwino wokhala ndi mulifupi. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Zizindikiro za kulowetsedwa kwa ubongo

Kuwonetsedwa kwa ischemic sitiroko kumakhala kosiyanasiyana kwambiri ndipo zimatengera kutengera kwa omwe akhudzidwa. Nthawi zambiri, infarction yamchiberekero, zomwe zimayambitsa pang'onopang'ono, imadziwuza kuti:

• kutaya mawu
• kufooketsa nkhope,
• ziwalo zamiyendo
• kukokana
• dilated pupil syndrome (kokha kumbali yakhudzidwa),
• nkhope yokhota
• kumva kuwonongeka
• nkhope yotuwa
• kugunda kwa mtima
• kutsika kwa kupanikizika (nthawi zina, kumatha kuchuluka kapena kukhalabe kwabwinobwino),
• kukomoka
• kutayika kwakukhazikika m'malo.

Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo samva kupweteka konse. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti palibe ululu wolandila muubongo.

Mavuto A Stroka

Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa magazi, mbali zina za ubongo zimavutika ndi njala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zisinthe. Ngati mkati mwa mphindi 7 thanzi la maselo silisintha, amwalira, ndipo madera ena a ubongo atha kulephera kugwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, ngati munthu wadwala matenda obzala, zotsatira zake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchipatala wodwalayo posachedwa, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wake wochira.

Kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matenda obzala

Magnetic resonance imaging ndi complication tomography, ubongo angiography, dopplerography, kuwunika mayeso, kuwunika kwamadzimadzi ndi mitsempha ya carotid kungathandize kuzindikira kuperewera kwa mitsempha.

Chithandizo cha matenda amitsempha chachiberekero cholinga chake ndicho kubwezeretsa magazi. Pachifukwa ichi, wodwalayo amapatsidwa anticoagulants omwe amalepheretsa kuwundana kwa magazi (ma heparin ofala kwambiri) ndi ma antiplatelet othandizira omwe amateteza magazi kuundana.

Mankhwala othandizira a thrombolytic amachitidwanso, pomwe mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kusungunuka kwa magazi amaphatikizidwa m'matumbo.

Ngati ndi kotheka, dokotala angalimbikitse chithandizo champhamvu. Opaleshoni imachitidwa m'njira ziwiri, pogwiritsa ntchito carotid endarterectomy kapena carotid stenting. Pa carotid endarterectomy, khoma lamkati la carotid artery limachotsedwa. Ndi stotid stinging, gawo lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi chotengeracho limasinthidwa ndi prosthesis.

Kuchita opaleshoni kumachepetsa mitsempha yokhazikika, kutsika kwina ndikuwonjezera kukakamiza kwa magazi, kumathandizira kutsika kwamitsempha yamagazi.

Njira zothandizira kubwezeretsa

Panthawi yokonzanso, ndikofunikira kusintha kupuma, kukoka ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, kubwezeretsa ntchito zamagalimoto ndi luso la kulankhula, komanso kubwezeretsa kamvekedwe ka minofu. Kukhala ndi thanzi lam'mutu ndikofunika kwambiri. Kupsinjika, kukhumudwa ndi manjenjenje zomwe zimayambitsa kubwereza kwa m'mimba siziyenera kuloledwa, ndipo mu 70% ya milandu imatha pomwalira.

Kuyenda mu mpweya watsopano, masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi chithandizo cha spa ndikofunikira kuti athe kukonzanso. Wodwalayo nthawi zambiri ayenera kumva kuyankhula ndikuchita zochitika zamagulu.

Kupewa matenda

Ngakhale kuti njira zamankhwala zotsogola zaposachedwa zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa, ngati kupezeka kwa ubongo kumapezeka, zotsatirapo zake zingakhale zosatsimikizika. Nthawi zambiri wodwala amalephera kubwerera ku moyo wathunthu ndikukhalabe wolumala. Pankhani imeneyi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupewa kuteteza matendawa.

Pofuna kupewa matenda a ischemic, muyenera:

• kusiya kusuta
• kuchepetsa mowa,
• idyani pomwe
• ulamuliro cholesterol
• kuonda
• osagwiritsa ntchito njira zakulera pakamwa,
• yake kuchitira matenda a kuzungulira kwa dongosolo ndi matenda ashuga.

Pazizindikiro zoyambirira, zomwe zingawonetse kukula kwa matenda oopsa, muyenera kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi yomweyo.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Matenda oopsa a 1st degree amatengedwa ngati mawonekedwe ofatsa. Kupsinjika kwa odwala kumakhalabe pamalire omveka, systolic 140−159, ndi diastolic 90−99 mm RT. Art. Kudumpha mu kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachitika ndi nthawi yayitali masiku angapo. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi monga:

• mutu
• chizungulire
• tinnitus
• kugona kusokonezedwa
• kupweteka kumanzere kwa chifuwa chomwe chimapatsa mkono,
• kukomoka mtima,
• ntchentche pamaso.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti izi zidziwitso zimangodziwonekera pokhapokha pazowonjezera. Nthawi yonseyi wodwalayo amadzimva bwino. Umu ndi mtundu wa matenda omwe angachiritsidwe kwathunthu.

Kuti mudziwe matenda oopsa a grade 1, kuwunika kuthamanga kwa wodwala kumachitika kwa miyezi 6. Maziko oyambira azidziwitso ndi kulumpha mu kuthamanga kwa magazi mpaka 140-159 pa 90-99 mm RT. Art., Yomwe idabwerezedwa kangapo katatu pamwezi. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndizakuchepetsa ziwiya za retina, zomwe zimapezeka poyang'ana ndalama. Ndi ultrasound ya zotumphukira ziwiya, kuchepa kwa magazi aimpso kumadziwika.

Pamene radiograph ya khoma pachifuwa pa gawo la 1 la matenda oopsa, palibe zodandaula za mtima zomwe zimawonekera mwa odwala.

Kuti mutsimikizire matendawa, kuyesedwa kwa labotale ndikolembedwa, monga mbiri ya lipid, kuyeza kwa metaboline mu mkodzo, kutsimikiza kwa potaziyamu ndi shuga m'magazi, komanso kuyesedwa kwatsatanetsatane wamagazi ndi kakhazikitsidwe.

Chithandizo cha matenda oopsa pa gawo 1 iyenera kuchitika mokulira, chifukwa zotsatira zabwino zochizira zimatheka mu 90-95% ya milandu. Ngati mungadziwe zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya zinthu zosafunikira m'thupi, thanzi la wodwalayo limatha kukhalanso bwino.

Choyamba, madokotala amalangizani kuti musinthe moyo wanu. Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri, pewani zakudya zamchere, kutsatira zomwe mukuchita, kugona kugona kwa maola 8, ndipo pewani kupsinjika.

Mwa 50% ya milandu, kusiya zizolowezi zoipa ndi kusintha zakudya zawo, anthu amachotsera zisonyezo za matenda oopsa.

Ngati izi sizili zokwanira, dokotala amasankha mankhwala. Pagawo 1 matenda oopsa, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kuchokera m'magulu asanu:

• vasodilators - kuchepetsa magazi,
• mankhwala osokoneza bongo - mphamvu yake yosakhazikika, khazikitsani dongosolo lamanjenje,
• ma neurotransmitters - kuchepetsa katundu pa minofu ya mtima ndi kuchepetsa kuphipha m'matumbo,
• ma statin - kuchepetsa cholesterol yamagazi, kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi atherosulinosis,
• okodzetsa - imathandizira kuchotsedwa kwamadzi kuchokera mthupi.

Kusankhidwa kwa mankhwala kumachitika ndi dokotala payekhapayekha kwa wodwala aliyense. Kusankha kwamankhwala kumakhudzidwa ndi zaka, kulemera, komanso kupezeka kwa matenda olimba.

Monga chowonjezera chamankhwala othandizira, dokotala amatha kukupatsani mankhwala olimbitsa thupi. Mwachitsanzo: acupuncture, laser therapy, hyperbaric oxygenation, komanso achire kutikita minofu. Mankhwala othandizira olimbitsa thupi amalimbikitsa mphamvu ya mankhwala opangira, amathandizanso kuchepetsa nkhawa komanso kulimbitsa mitsempha ya magazi.

Maphikidwe a anthu

Chithandizo cha matenda oopsa osagwirizana ndi wowerengeka azitsamba zimaperekanso zotsatira zabwino. Kuchiritsa zitsamba zoziziritsa kukhosi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka. Popewa kudumphira m'magazi, amalimbikitsa kumwa decoction wa chamomile, mankhwala a mandimu ndi valerian m'mawa uliwonse. Zitsamba zimasakanizidwa mofanana ndipo zimaswedwa kwa mphindi 10. Kusintha kukoma kwa msuzi kuwonjezera uchi.

Mutha kukhazikitsa chiwopsezo chowonjezereka mwa kuwonjezera supuni ya uchi ndi msuzi kuchokera theka la mandimu ndi kapu ya mchere. Njira imamwa mowa umodzi. Zotsatira zake zimadziwika pambuyo pa mphindi 10-15.

Ma phytotherapists ambiri amalimbikitsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachiwiri chotenga matenda oopsa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochizira matenda a beet, raderadish, ndimu, karoti ndi msuzi wa uchi tsiku lililonse. Madzi a beets ndi kaloti amasakanizidwa ndi grated horseradish muzu. Ndimu yatsopano ndi nthaka ndipo limodzi ndi zest ndi supuni ya uchi, amawonjezedwa mu kapu yokhala ndi timadziti. Zosakaniza zonse zimaphatikizidwa bwino. Kuumirira maola 4 kutentha ndi supuni zitatu zimadyedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Zakudya - chiyani, sichingatheke?

Pazakudya za matenda oopsa, kuchuluka kwa mchere, mafuta a nyama ndi khofi wina ziyenera kuchepetsedwa. Zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa zakudya zamkaka, nsomba zamafuta ochepa, zitsamba ndi masamba atsopano, zipatso.

Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kupangidwa mwanjira yochepetsera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi.

Wodwala yemwe ali ndi chiwopsezo cha madigiri a 2 ayenera kupewa makeke otsekemera, zopangidwa ndi ufa, zakudya zamzitini, marinade ndi zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi. Zakudya zonse zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizisenda kapena kuwiritsa. Kamodzi pa sabata mungathe kudya masiku osala, idyani zipatso zokha kapena kefir.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi - ndizotheka komanso liti

Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwa matenda oopsa kuyenera kufanana ndi gawo la matendawa. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbitsa mtima komanso kukhazikika kwa magazi. Mu magawo oyamba kukula kwa matendawa, masewera olimbitsa thupi amathandizanso wodwala kukhala wathanzi. Kusakwiya kwake kumachepa, kupweteka mutu kumachoka, ndipo mphamvu yake yogwira ntchito imakulanso kwambiri.

Masewera olimbitsa thupi ayenera kupangidwa ndi dokotala woyenera, koma, monga lamulo, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa odwala matenda oopsa kumaphatikizapo:

• akuyenda zala atagwada
• kukweza manja mmwamba ndi pansi
• mafunde m'mbali, kumbuyo ndi mtsogolo,
• kugwedeza miyendo
• kuthamangira pamalopo
• mutu ukutembenuka
• kuyimirira mwendo umodzi ndikukhalabe wolimba.

Ndi kukwezedwa kwambiri, kunyamula zolimbitsa thupi, zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri, kukweza pansi ndi katundu, komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi, omwe amakhala ndi miyambo ndi minofu ndi thunthu, sayenera kupewedwa.

Ngati muli pachiwopsezo, ndikofunikira kuwunika kunenepa kwanu, chifukwa kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa osati matenda oopsa, komanso matenda a mtima. Onetsetsani kuti mwasiya mowa ndi kusuta - zimathandizira kuchepa kwamitsempha yamagazi.

Pambuyo pa tsiku lovuta, pumulani kwambiri. Anthu omwe amachita ntchito zamaganizidwe amalangizidwa kuti azichita tchuthi. Kwa anthu omwe ntchito zawo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito yakuthupi, kusangalala kopanda phokoso ndikofunikira.

Nthawi ndi nthawi mumakayezetsa magazi komanso kupimidwa, kuthana ndi matendawa.

Matenda oopsa a 1st degree samachepetsa moyo wamunthu ndipo samakhudza luso lake logwira ntchito, chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, mavuto omwe amachitika ndi mtima dongosolo lino amapezeka mwangozi. Pofuna kuti musakhale osazindikira, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyesedwa ndi dokotala kamodzi pachaka. Kuzindikira kwakanthawi kale ndi theka la chithandizo chamankhwala.

Njira za Physiotherapeutic

Pa gawo loyambirira la matenda oopsa, chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito hydrotherapy ndi Thermotherapy. Njira zotsatirazi zimathandizira kutsitsa magazi:

• Nyumba yosambira. Kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kupitirira 50 ° C. Ndondomeko amateteza magwiridwe antchito amanjenje, amathandiza kuthetsa poizoni ndi madzimadzi owonjezera.
• Kusamba kwa kaboni. Carbon dioxide imathandiza pamtima ndi m'mitsempha yamagazi, imathandizira kuthamanga kwa magazi. Njira imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ogwiritsira ntchito siteji 1, matenda a atherosulinosis, pambuyo pa infarction.
• Kusamba kwa phazi. Miyendo imamizidwa mosiyanasiyana m'madzi otentha komanso ozizira. Yambani ndikuwonetsa kutentha. Mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imasintha kutikita minofu.

Mankhwala

Ndi matenda oopsa a digiri yoyamba, zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mapiritsi:

• ACE inhibitors (Ramipril, Enalapril),
• calcium blockers (Verapamil),
• diuretics (spironolactone),
• beta-blockers (Atenolol).

Mankhwala a gulu lililonse amakhudzanso njira zina zowonjezera magazi. Kusankhidwa kwa njira zomwe matenda oopsa amatha kuthandizira zimadalira mphamvu ya thupi. Mlingo ndi regimens ya mankhwala ophatikizira matenda oopsa 1 amapangidwa ndi dokotala. Nthawi zina, mankhwalawa amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyo wonse.

Zithandizo za anthu

Njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda oopsa poyambira:

• Garlic kulowetsedwa. 2 cloves akanadulidwa bwino ndi kutsanulira 200 ml ya madzi ofunda. Pambuyo maola 12, choguliracho chimasefedwa ndipo chimatengedwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Njira yochizira imatenga mwezi.
• Tincture wa paini cones. Zida zowonongeka zimagulidwa mchilimwe. 100 ga zitsulo zosambitsidwa zimayikidwa mu mtsuko wagalasi ndikutsanulira 0,5 l wa mowa wamphamvu. Chipangizocho chimapukusidwa kwa masiku 21, kenako chimasefedwa kudzera mu gauze. Tengani kulowetsedwa kwa 1 tsp. theka la ola musanadye. Madzimadzi amatha kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi kapena kuthiridwa mu tiyi.
• Ndimu ndi uchi ndi cranberries. Ndimu ili pansi pa grater, 1 tbsp. l zotsatira zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi zofanana cranberries ndi chikho 1 cha uchi watsopano. Osakaniza amadyedwa mu 1 tbsp. l m'mawa ndi madzulo.
• Karoti Madzi. Muli zinthu zomwe zimalimbitsa makhoma amitsempha yamagazi ndikuthandizira magazi. Msuzi wongofinya kumene waledzera m'mawa kwa 200 ml.

Zakudya za matenda

Pochiza gawo loyambirira la matenda oopsa, zakudya zonunkhira ndi mchere, mankhwala omalizidwa, nyama yankhumba ndi nyama ya nkhumba, zakumwa zozunguliridwa ndi khofi, nyama yokazinga ndi nsomba, tiyi wamphamvu ndi khofi siziwachotsedwa muzakudyazo.

Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo masamba ndi zipatso zatsopano, nyama yazakudya (yamkango, kalulu), nsomba zamafuta ochepa komanso timadziti tothira madzi.Izi zimapanga kuchepa kwa mavitamini, kuthandiza kupewa kuchulukitsa kwa matenda osachiritsika. Poyambirira, matenda oopsa amathiridwa mosavuta. Kutsatira zakudya kumathandiza kuti matendawa azikhululuka.

Kodi matenda owonjezera 2 ndi otani

Kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi chizindikiro kuposa matenda odziyimira pawokha. Ntchito ya madokotala ndikubwezeretsa kuthamanga kwa magazi kukhala kwazonse, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka.

Matenda a arterial a digiri yachiwiri ndi kale matenda owopsa, omwe amadziwika ndi kulumpha kolimba m'magazi, kudziwika kwambiri kwa anthu okalamba. Zowukirazo ndizokhazikika, ndipo tonometer yokhala ndi mawonekedwe amawonetsa malire a 160 - 180.100 - 110 mm RT.

Art. Zizindikiro zowawa zikukulirakulira, ngakhale kuwonjezereka kwaposachedwa kwambiri kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kunawonedwa kukhala kosafunikira.

Zoyambitsa matenda opatsirana a grade 2

Matenda oopsa oopsa chifukwa chosagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake. Odwala akukumana kale ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda oopsa 2, kutsika kwake komwe kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Pakadali pano, matenda amatengedwa kuti ndi osachiritsika, osachiritsika, ndipo wodwalayo nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a vasodilator. The etiology ya pathological ndondomeko ndi motere:

• atherosulinosis ndi kusintha kokhudzana ndi zaka
• chibadwa
• matenda ashuga
• matenda a endocrine
• kumangokhala
• kunenepa kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri,
• kusiya zizolowezi zoipa,
• matenda oncological
• mimba yovuta
• kusokoneza kagayidwe kamadzi chifukwa chamchere wambiri,
• kulephera kwa aimpso
• matenda a urogenital,
• kusokonekera kwamafuta,
• kukhudzana kwanthawi yayitali pathupi,
• zachikhalidwe, zachilengedwe.

Etiology ya gawo 2 matenda oopsa

Zomwe zimayambitsa, zizindikiritso ndi chithandizo cha matenda oopsa 2 zimagwirizanitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, tisanadziwe kuti ndi chithandizo chiti chomwe tikulimbikitsidwa, timaganizira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda asachiritsike.

Madotolo ati odwala omwe adutsa choposa zaka 50 amatenga matendawa. Izi zimalumikizidwa ndi njira zachilengedwe zakukalamba m'thupi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepetsedwa kwa lumen pakati pa ziwiya, zomwe zimasokoneza magazi.

Mosiyana ndi giredi 3 la GB, gawo lachiwiri la matendawa silowopsa kwa odwala onse, popeza pano pali zovuta zochepa, matendawa ndiosavuta kuchiza ndi mankhwala.

Mitundu inayi yakuwopsa kwa matenda oopsa

Kuwonongeka kwa digiri yachiwiri ndikuwonetsetsa, komwe kukuwonetsa kuphwanya kwakukulu mu ntchito ya mtima, koma osafotokoza kukhalapo kwa zinthu zomwe zimakulitsa. Nthawi zambiri, chinthu choopsa chimasonyezedwa m'mbiri ya achipatala. Pali anayi a iwo.

Ngati dokotala wazindikira kuti ali pachiwopsezo cha 1, ndiye kuti mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta ndizochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, izi sizinalembedwepo m'mbiri ya zamankhwala, zimangoona kusowa kwa zomwe zikukulitsa.

Chiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri cha zovuta ndizovuta kukhala ndi zizolowezi zoyipa, kulemera kwenikweni komanso kudya mokwanira. Ichi ndiye chidziwitso chabwino kwambiri cha momwe wodwalayo angakwaniritsire kuchepa kwakanthawi kovutikira kwakanthawi kochepa ndimankhwala omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi adokotala.

Matenda a arterial a 2nd degree ndi chiopsezo 2 amapezeka pamaso pazinthu zoyipa chimodzi, zomwe zingayambitse kukulitsa zovuta zina. Nthawi zambiri, chinthu choterocho ndi china chake chokhudzana ndi moyo - kunenepa kwambiri, kusuta, kumwa pafupipafupi, kugwira ntchito pamikhalidwe yovuta, etc. Mukamawunika zoopsa, nthawi ya wodwalayo imawaganiziridwa - achikulirewo amadwala, zomwe zimawonjezera zovuta.

Matenda a arterial a digiri yachiwiri ndi chiwopsezo cha 3 amatanthauza zakukula bwino, chifukwa ngozi yachitatuyo imawonetsa kupezeka kwa matenda osachiritsika, omwe amakulitsa kwambiri matenda oopsa.

Nthawi zambiri chiopsezo chachitatu chimaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamagazi, kulephera kwa impso. Kuthekera kotukuka kwamavuto omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha moyo kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi vuto lachiwiri la matenda oopsa omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha 3 ndi 30-35%.

Matenda oopsa oopsa kapena matenda oopsa 2 komanso matenda opatsirana 4 amatapezeka pamaso pa zinthu zingapo zoyipa zazikulu. Uku ndikuzindikira kwakabwino, komwe kumawonetsa chiwopsezo cha myocardial infarction mtsogolo.

Wodwala aliyense amatha kudziwa zoopsa zake payekha. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kuwerengera zinthu zowonjezera zomwe wodwala ali nazo:

• Zotsatira ziwiri - iyi ndiye chiopsezo chachiwiri, pomwe zovuta zili 15%,
• kukhalapo kwa zinthu zitatu kumayambitsa chiopsezo cha 3 ndi zovuta za 35%,
• Zinthu zinayi zoyipa zimazindikira chiopsezo chachinayi, kutha kwa zovuta pamenepa zipitilira 40%.

• Chiopsezo chimodzi (chotsika) cha ziwalo zosakwana 15%,
• Chiopsezo 2 (pafupifupi) cha kusintha kwa ziwalo (mtima, maso, impso) ndi 15-20%. digiri yachiwiri: Kupsinjika kumakwera pamwamba pa zomwe zimakhumudwitsa 2, kulemera kwa wodwalayo kumakula, ma endocrine pathologies samapezeka,
• Chiwopsezo cha 3 - chiwopsezo cha 2 digiri 20-30%. Wodwalayo ali ndi zinthu zitatu zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa kukakamiza (atherosulinosis, matenda ashuga, kusowa kwa impso kapena ena), kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha yama coronary kumawonjezereka, komwe kumayambitsa ischemia,
• Chiwopsezo cha 4 - 30% yovulaza ziwalo. Kukula kwa matendawa kumakwiyitsa zinthu zinayi - matenda osachiritsika omwe akukhudza kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika ndi kupitilira kwa matenda oopsa (atherosulinosis, ischemia, shuga, matenda a impso). Awa ndi odwala omwe adapulumuka vuto la mtima la 1-2.

Pa digiri yachiwiri, chiwopsezo 3 chimanenedweratu: kuchuluka kwake zomwe zimapangitsa zimabweretsa zovuta. Ndipo ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayenera kumenyedwa kuti mupewe.

Zowopsa zimatha kusintha (zomwe zimatha kuchotsedwa) komanso sizolakwika. Kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo cha kudwala kwamatenda, muyenera kusintha kwambiri moyo wanu, kuchotsa zoopsa zoyenera (kusiya kusuta, mowa, kubwezeretsa thupi lanu ku zachilendo).

Mitsempha yamagazi, mtima, impso, maso amavutika kwambiri ndi kupanikizika kwa magazi. Zomwe ziwalozi zikuyenera kuziwona ziyenera kuwonongera zomwe zidawawonongera chifukwa cha kuthamanga, ngakhale mavuto atha kupewedwa.

Kuzindikiritsa kuchuluka kwa matenda oopsa a grade 1 komanso kuwunika mwachidule magawo a njirayi

GB pakadali pano imawonedwa ngati mabwalo akumalire, ndiye kuti sikukuchulukirachulukira kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, koma sikulinso kwazonse.

World Health Organisation yakhazikitsa malingaliro ofunikira: kuchokera pa 100 mpaka 140 pa 60-90 mmHg. Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo, kuphatikiza kupatuka kwakomwe, komwe sikuyenera kupitirira 10 mm.

Malinga ndi gawoli, kuchuluka kwa matenda oopsa kumangotanthauza zisonyezo zozikakamiza (pamenepa, kuyambira 140/90 mpaka 160/100), ndipo gawo likuwonetsa momwe ziwalo zomwe zikukhudzidwazo zikukhudzira. Mndandanda wophwanya malamulo umaperekedwa patebulo:

Chiwopsezo 2 (chapakatikati)

Chachikulu kwambiri mu pulogilamu. Arterial matenda oopsa a 1 degree 2 ndi omwe amadziwika kwambiri ngati matendawa amatha zaka 1-2 osalandira chithandizo choyenera. Kuthekera kwa zovuta zosapha ndi 12-18%.

Mwa owopsa:

• Vitreous hemorrhage of eye. Zimatha kubweretsa kuyambiranso kwachiwiri komanso kuwona kwamaso.
• Kulephera kwamkati chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa glomeruli ndi tubules.
• Mavuto azadzidzidzi ndi osowa (3-5% ya zochitika) ndipo amayamba chifukwa cha zomwe wodwalayo ali nazo.

Ngozi 3 (yayitali)

Zimayambitsa mwayi wakupha. Pa digiri yoyamba ya GB, chiopsezo 3 sichosowa (zosaposa 2-3% za kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa odwala). Pamafunika chithandizo chanthawi zonse ndi mankhwala a magulu osiyanasiyana. Popeza palibe chithandizo chamankhwala, kapena ngati sichinasankhidwe molondola, zovuta zotsatirazi ziyenera kukhala:

• Zakumangira zamatumbo a retina.
• Kulephera kwina.
• Hemorrhagic sitiroko, nthawi zambiri ischemic.
• Matenda a mtima.

Poyerekeza ndi tachycardia, chiopsezo cha thrombosis ndi mtima womangika mwadzidzidzi zimakulanso. Vutoli limayang'aniridwa mosamalitsa ndi wamtima, pafupipafupi "kuchezera" kwa adotolo ndi kawiri pachaka.

Matenda oopsa ndi madigiri ake

Hypertension ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Amasankhidwa ndi digiri kutengera momwe zolakwika zimasonyezedwera.

Popeza ndikosavuta kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi kunyumba ndi tonometer, munthu akhoza kuganiza za kuchuluka kwa kunyalanyaza kwa matendawa, podziwa malire a chilichonse chaiwo. Gome lili pansipa lingathandize.

Kukula kwa matenda oopsa:

Komanso m'mabuku ena mungapeze zambiri zazaka 4. Amadziwika ngati kupanikizika kwapamwamba kupitilira 200.

Pali diastolic yokhayo ndi systolic GB. Mwanjira imeneyi, chizindikiro chimodzi chiziwonjezereka, pomwe sichinatero.

Anthu ambiri amazindikira matenda oopsa m'magawo achiwiri a chitukuko chake. Izi zimasokoneza kwambiri chithandizo cha matenda.

Zizindikiro za digiri yachiwiri ya matenda oopsa

Zizindikiro za matenda owonongera 2 zimatchulidwa. Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano, matendawa sawonekera kwambiri.

Zizindikiro za matenda oopsa a digiri yachiwiri:

1. Kukanikiza ululu m'mutu ndi kugunda kwamakachisi. Migraines imatha kuchitika.
2. Kusakhazikika mtima. Wodwalayo amakonda kuphulika mkwiyo, misozi ndi kuyamwa.
3. Maso amaso. Madontho ang'onoang'ono amatha kuwonekera patsogolo pa maso anu, ndipo maso anu adzatsitsidwa.
4. Kutupa kwa thupi. Miyendo ndi nkhope zimatupa kwambiri mwamphamvu.
5. Kutunda kwa miyendo.
6. Malingaliro opanda pake. Ndikusintha kowoneka bwino, kukomoka pang'ono kapena kukomoka kumachitika.
7. Mukamayang'ana mtima nthawi zambiri, matenda oopsa a mtima amawonedwa.
8. Nthawi zonse pofooka. Ndi matenda oopsa a digiri yachiwiri, kuthekera kwa wodwala kugwira ntchito ndi zochita kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.
9. Ma network a capillary amatha kuwoneka pankhope.
10. Kupezeka kwa mawu ochokera kunja m'makutu. Mavuto othandizira amatha kuchitika.
11. M'maso, ziwiya zotsekemera zimawoneka.
12. Mavuto pokodza. Pakhoza kukhala kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka pokodza. Maonekedwe ndi kuwonekera kwa mkodzo kumasinthanso.
13. Hyperhidrosis.
14. Kusowa tulo kapena kugona.
15. Kuchepa kwa nkhope ndi kutsika kwa miyendo.
16. Sinthani pamlingo wamtima. Zizindikiro za kusokonekera kwa minofu yamtima zitha kuonedwa.
17. Kuwonongeka kwa zochitika muubongo. Wodwalayo amasokonezeka ndikuiwalika.
18. Kuzindikira kusintha kwa nyengo.
19. Anachepetsa chilako. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kumverera kwa nseru.

Zizindikiro izi zamagulu 2 matenda oopsa zimayambitsa kusasangalala kwambiri kwa wodwala. Komabe, zimawonekera pokhapokha ngati chithandizo cha matendawo sichinyalanyazidwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a antihypertensive komanso kutsatira malangizo a dokotala, sizidzawunikidwa.

Zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda oopsa 2 madigiri

Matenda owopsa a grade 2 ndi chifukwa chakuchiritsa kosayenera kwa matenda oopsa a grade 1.Popeza nthawi zambiri kuwonjezeka kwa 160 ndi 100 ndi pamwambapa sikukula mwadzidzidzi.

Chifukwa chake, zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda oopsa a digiri iliyonse ndizofanana. Matendawa amatha chifukwa cha chibadwidwe, ma pathologies amkati kapena zodabwitsa zakunja.

Hypertension, yomwe imachitika pakokha, popanda kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zakunja ndi ma pathologies amkati, imatchedwa yoyamba. Madotolo amafotokozera kukula kwake mwa chibadwa chamunthu.

Matenda oopsa achiberekero amatha chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena moyo wopanda vuto womwe umapangitsa kusintha koipa m'mtima.

Zinthu zakunja

Nthawi zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda oopsa ndizochitika zoipa zakunja. Zomwe zimachitika nthawi imodzi zimawonjezera kukakamizidwa, ndipo kupezeka kwawo pafupipafupi kumapangitsa vutoli kukhala lalikulu.

Ndi zinthu zoipa ziti zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala oopsa:

• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Mowa
• Kusuta
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Kupsinjika nthawi zonse
• Kupsinjika kwamthupi nthawi zonse ndi thupi,
• Khalidwe labwino
• Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
• Zakudya zamchere
• Kusowa tulo ndi kugona,
• Kulandila mosavomerezeka kwa mankhwala ena,
• Kumwa zakumwa zambiri za khofi.

Zinthu izi pang'onopang'ono zimabweretsa kusintha kosasintha mu kayendedwe ka mtima. Pamaso pa matenda oopsa a digiri yoyamba, amathandizira kukulira mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo. Ndiye kuti, ndi zokopa zotere, GB imasunthira mwachangu ku digiri yachiwiri ndi yachitatu.

Matenda ogwirizana

Nthawi zambiri, matenda oopsa amathanso chifukwa cha zovuta zina zomwe zimachitika mthupi. Matenda osiyanasiyana amatha kuyambitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanikizika kowonjezereka kumachitika osati kokha ndi kusintha kwokhudzana ndi mtima

Matenda omwe amayambitsa mawonekedwe a matenda oopsa:

• Matenda a shuga
• Matenda a adrenal
• Matenda a chithokomiro,
• Kusokonezeka kwa mahormoni,
• Atherosulinosis,
• Matenda a mtima
• Matenda a impso,
• Arterial stenosis,
• Kusintha kwazinthu zomwe zimayendera dongosolo,
• Njira yoyambira ya pakati,
• Tumor neoplasms ya etiology iliyonse,
• Matenda amafupa ndi mafupa.

Ambiri mwa matendawa siowopsa monga matenda oopsa paokha. Nthawi yomweyo, amathandizidwa pokhapokha atangoyamba kumene. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyesedwa kwathunthu mukazindikira chizindikiro cha matenda oopsa.

Ngati matenda oopsa sangachitike, ndiye kuti GB yachiwiri nthawi zina imatha. Izi ndizotheka ngati matenda oopsa kwambiri adapezeka koyambirira kwa chitukuko chake, ndipo matendawa adathetsedweratu. Pankhaniyi, kupsinjika nthawi zambiri kumachitika.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi matenda oopsa apakati omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda ena, chiopsezo cha kufa mwadzidzidzi chimawonjezeka. GB iyi imatchedwa zovuta.

Kodi kuopsa kwa matenda oopsa ndi otani?

Palinso magawo angapo a chiwopsezo cha matenda oopsa. Pali anthu okwana 4. Onsewa.

Kugawika kwa ma hypertensives m'magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo kumathandiza dokotala kuti alosere zamtsogolo zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kutukuka kwawo.

Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti zoopsa sizitanthauza kuti wodwala Mulimonsemo angakumane ndi zovuta zina. Ili ndiwongoyerekeza chabe mwanjira yoti zidzachitike.

Mwachitsanzo, wodwala yemwe ali ndi giredi 2 matenda oopsa omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha 2 ndi chithandizo choyenera amatha kupewa kuwonekera kwa ziwalo zamkati. Komabe, ngati satsatira malangizo a dokotala, ndiye kuti zovuta ngati izi zimawonekera. Zomwezi zikugwiranso ntchito pazowopsa za madigiri atatu ndi anayi.

Kuphatikiza wodwalayo pamlingo wosiyanasiyana, dokotalayo amaganizira mfundo zingapo zofunika. Ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zodziwikiratu kapena zolondola kwambiri.

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe dokotala amaganizira, zomwe zimapangitsa wodwalayo kukhala pachiwopsezo:

1. Jenda komanso zaka za wodwalayo. Mwa amayi, kuopsa kumawonjezeka ndi zaka 65, ndipo mwa amuna ndi 55.
2. Kukhalapo m'mbiri ya matenda osachiritsika.
3. Mlingo wa cholesterol mthupi. Zowopsa zimawonjezeka ngati chizindikiro ichi chiri pamwamba pa 6.5 mmol pa lita.
4. Kukhalapo kwa zizolowezi zoyipa. Kusuta, uchidakwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
5. Kulemera kwa wodwala. Mapaundi ochulukirapo amawonjezera zovuta za zovuta.
6. Ntchito yantchito. Zimakhala zowopsa kwambiri ngati zikukhalira moyo wongokhala.

Matenda oopsa 2 madigiri 1

Ndi matenda oopsa a giredi 2 limodzi ndi chiopsezo cha 1, kuthekera kopanga kusintha kwa ziwopsezo zamkati mwa ziwalo zamkati kumakhala kochepera khumi ndi khumi ndi zisanu.

Pankhaniyi, palibe matenda ndi zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti GB ikhale yolakwika. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale patadutsa nthawi yayitali matenda oopsa pankhaniyi, kuthekera kwa kusintha kwa ziwopsezo zam'magawo a ziwalo zomwe akujambulazo ndikotsika.

Gulu loyamba lachiopsezo nthawi zambiri limaphatikizapo anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa oopsa. Sakhala ndi zizolowezi zoipa monga kusuta fodya ndipo amakhala moyo wokangalika. Komanso, nthawi zambiri odwala oterewa amakhala ochepera zaka 60.

Matenda oopsa 2 digiri 2

Arterial hypertension of the 2nd degree, chiopsezo 2 chimapezeka ngati wodwala ali ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa athe. Nthawi zambiri pamenepa palibe mavuto opitilira 2.

Pachiwopsezo chachiwiri, mwayi wowonongeka kwambiri mkati mwathu umafika 20%. Pankhaniyi, chiwopsezo chokhala ndi zochitika zowopsa m'moyo chimakulanso.

Zomwe zimakhalapo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda 2 zimaphatikizanso matenda angapo. Zizolowezi ndi zaka za wodwala zimathandizidwanso.

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimapezeka kuti zili ndi chiwopsezo cha digiri 2:

• Kusuta
• Mowa
• Kulephera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• Matenda a mahomoni
• Kulemera kwambiri
• Zaka za amuna pambuyo pa zaka 55,
• Zaka za azimayi zitatha zaka 65.

Ndi chiwopsezo chachiwiri, mwayi wopanga ma pathological a mtima ndiwambiri. Kupezeka kwa kusintha kwa ziwalo zina.

Matenda oopsa 2 madigiri 3

Ndi matenda opatsirana a grade 2 omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha giredi 3, mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta zowopsa ungathe kufika 30%. Pankhaniyi, kukhalapo kwa zinthu zitatu zoyipa kumawonedwa. Komanso, chiopsezo cha giredi 3 chimapezeka pamaso pa matenda akulu akulu.

Zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi ya madigiri atatu:

• Matenda a shuga
• Mapaundi owonjezera
• Moyo wopanda ntchito,
• Kusuta fodya
• Mowa
• Atherosulinosis,
• Matenda a mahomoni
• M'badwo wowopsa.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mu shuga mellitus, ngakhale popanda zovuta zina, ngozi ya kalasi 3 imapezeka. Zomwezi zimagwiranso kwa atherosulinosis.

Potengera zovuta zina, zinthu sizinasinthe. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu wodwala matenda othamanga amakhala ndi moyo wopanda ntchito ndipo ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri, koma alibe zizindikiro zina zoyipa, ndiye kuti akupezeka pangozi ya 2 Komabe, ngati wachitatu atawonjezeredwa ndi magawo awiri oyipa awa, mwachitsanzo, kusuta fodya, ndiye kuti izi zitha kukhala zoopsa 3.

Odwala okhala ndi matenda oopsa omwe ali m'gululi amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kusintha kwa mtima, impso ndi retina. Komanso, chiwopsezo cha matenda oopsa omwe amakhala ndi mavuto oopsa pamoyo.

Ndi kusintha kotani komwe kumayembekezeredwa ndi chiwopsezo cha matenda atatu oopsa:

• Kuchepa kwa impso
• Retinal angiopathy,
• Cardiac minofu ischemia,
• Matenda a mtima.

Matenda oopsa 2 digiri ya 4

Ndi matenda oopsa a grade 2 komanso ngozi 4, mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta zowonjezeka umachuluka kwambiri. Adzakhala pamwamba pa 30%. Komanso, chizindikiro chotere nthawi zambiri ndi chofanana ndi 50%.

Ngozi yachinayi imapezeka ngati pali zinthu zoposa 4 zovuta za matendawo. Komanso pangozi 4, pali zifukwa ziwiri zoyipa zomwe zingakhale matenda omwe atchulidwa pansipa.

Ndi matenda ati omwe amayambitsa chiwopsezo cha madigiri 4:

• Matenda a shuga
• Kulephera kwina
• Matenda a mtima
• Cardiac minofu ischemia,
• Atherosulinosis

Ndi chiwopsezo cha madigiri 4, kuwonjezera pazovuta zomwe tafotokozazi, kulephera kwa mtima kumatha kuchitika. Pankhaniyi, mwayi wakufa mwadzidzidzi ulinso wambiri.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha matenda oopsa 2 degrees

Kuthamanga kwa madigiri a 2 kumayambitsa chiwopsezo ku moyo ndi thanzi la wodwalayo. M'dziko lino, pali zisonyezo zambiri zodzitukumula komanso kutchula kusasangalala.

Kupanikizika kwa 160 mpaka 100 komanso kupitilira apo kumatha kuyambitsa vuto lalikulu kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa mtima komanso sitiroko. Zowonadi, ngakhale zili choncho kuti mikhalidwe yotere imachitika pamitengo yapamwamba, munthu aliyense amakhala ndi malire ake owopsa. Ndipo kwa ena, ngakhale zizindikiro zoterezi zimatha kuyika moyo pangozi.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndi kukakamira kowonjezereka, kufalikira kwa magazi kumakulirakulira, ndi okosijeni ndi zinthu zina zofunika kufunafuna sizilowa ziwalo mokwanira. Izi zimakhudza mkhalidwe wawo ndipo pamapeto pake zimabweretsa kusintha kosasintha.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri pankhani ya matenda oopsa kutsatira malangizo a dokotala. Kupatula apo, popanda chithandizo choyenera, matenda oopsa a giredi 2 angayambitse mavuto monga aneurysms, atherosulinosis, matenda a impso, thrombosis, ndi matenda amtima.

Ziwalo zina zimadwala matenda oopsa. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kupsinjika mtima chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuthekera kwa matenda a minofu yam'mimba kumawonjezeka.

Mimba ndi matenda oopsa 2 digiri

Matenda ogwirizana a digiri yachiwiriyo siwowonongeratu pakubala. Pankhaniyi, mayiyo ali ndi mwayi wabwino wokhala ndi mwana wathanzi, malinga ngati malingaliro onse a adokotala amatsatiridwa.

Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti gawo ili la kunyalanyaza kwa GB limalumikizidwa ndi zoopsa zina. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera kuwongoleredwa ndi akatswiri ndikofunikira makamaka kwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa.

Kuzindikira matenda oopsa 2 digiri

Kudzichitira wekha matenda oopsa ndi kosatheka. Wodwala amafunika kumuyesa mokwanira, pambuyo pake dokotala amupatsa mankhwala, pozindikira mawonekedwe ake komanso zovuta zina.

Ndi matenda oopsa, muyenera kulumikizana ndi katswiri kapena wamtima. Dokotala adzamuyesa koyamba, malinga ndi momwe wodwalayo adzayesedwera mayeso ena.

Pamisonkhano yapadera:

1. Dokotala amayeza kukakamiza kwa wodwala,
2. Kudziwa bwino mbiri yakale
3. Wodwalayo amafunsidwa ngati pali zizindikiro zina,
4. Khungu limayesedwa ngati wotuluka ndi mtima wamasamba,
5. Koyamba kuphunzira momwe mtima ndi mapapu zimakhalira ndi stethoscope.

Pambuyo pa izi, wodwalayo amapatsidwa maphunziro ena ofunikira.

Kufufuza kwa matenda oopsa:

1. Ultrasound Njirayi imakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone momwe ma gren adrenal gland, gland, impso ndi mtima.
2. Echocardiography ndi ECG. Kuwerenga uku kumathandizira kutsimikizira kuyenera kwa mtima.
3. Dopplerography. Zimathandizira kuwona momwe mitsempha imathandizira pakuchotsa stenosis.
4. Kusanthula kwamwazi m'mwazi ndi mkodzo. Kafukufuku wotereyu amachititsa kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimachitika m'thupi ndi mahomoni omwe amathandizira kukulitsa matenda oopsa komanso matenda ena.
5. MRI ndi CT. Kuthinya kuti muwone ziwalo zonse zamkati.

Ngozi 4 (yokwera kwambiri)

Pamene matenda oopsa a digiri yoyamba amapezeka mwa 0,5-2% ya milandu. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi kuphwanyidwa kwakukulu ndi ziwalo ndi machitidwe. Mwamwayi, sanapezebe nthawi yopanga mu odwala omwe amawonjezeka pang'ono ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Kutheka kwa zovuta ndi 40-55%, ngakhale ndi chithandizo chambiri.

• Kuthamanga kwamtima kwambiri.
• Hemorrhagic stroke.
• Kulephera kwaimpso.
• Kufooka kwa ntchito ya m'mapapo, matenda oopsa.
• Mavuto amtumbo wamtima amawonjezera zoopsa ndi 10-15%. Odwala otere amayenera kuwonedwa ndi cardiologist miyezi iwiri iliyonse ndikuwongolera njira yothandizira.

Matenda 1 oopsa nthawi zambiri samatha kufa kapena zotsatira zoyipa. Nthawi yayitali asanasamuke ku "sitepe" ina ndi zaka 3-5. Kusowa nthawi sikuyenera.

Zifukwa zakukula kwa matenda oyambira (ofunika)

Hypertension imatha kukhala yoyamba kapena yachiwiri.

Kufunika kwa GB sikuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zakunja, nthawi zonse kumalumikizidwa ndi mavuto amtima kapena mitsempha yamagazi ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kuyambira pakuwona chithandizo.

Zomwe chitukuko chikhoza kukhala motere:

• Matenda a m'mitsempha. Amalumikizidwa ndi kuperewera kwa thupi la minofu ndi magazi ndi zinthu zopindulitsa. Amayamba makamaka mwa okalamba. Sizidziwitsa mpaka yomaliza, njira yokhayo yodziwira vuto munthawi yake ndikukumana ndi electrocardiography, makamaka ndi mayeso opsinjika. Chidwi chimakopeka ndi dyspnea pakupuma, kuthamanga kwa mtima ndi kupweteka pachifuwa popanda chifukwa.

• Atherosulinosis ya msempha ndi nthambi zake. Kapangidwe ka cholesterol plaque m'magazi othandizira magazi ndizomwe zimasiyana kwambiri ndi matenda. Amayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kapena kuperewera kwa lipid metabolism (pafupipafupi m'thupi). Muzochitika zotere, kukakamiza sikuli konse luso. Matenda olembetsa magazi nthawi zonse amakhala okwera, osadumpha, sizitengera nthawi. Palibe Zizindikiro, zingatheke kuzindikira njira pochita mayeso (biochemistry of venous magazi, kafukufuku wapadera). Ndi mtima stenosis, dopplerography ndi angiography ndizotheka kuyesa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

• Kulephera kwamtima. Amalumikizana ndi mphamvu yaying'ono yam magazi mu systole. Amadziwika ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, tachycardia kapena bradycardia, kufooka kwa minofu ndi kupuma (momwe amafotokozera, "kunja kwa buluu"). Ali ndi etiology yofanana ndi matenda a mtima. Amawonedwa mu 90% ya odwala pambuyo pakuwonongeka kwa myocardial. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa ndi kulemala kwa odwala pambuyo pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.

• Matenda a mtima. Pakhoza kukhala choyambitsa chitukuko cha matenda oopsa. Cholinga chake ndikuphwanya hemodynamics (patency yamagazi m'matumbo).

• Zobadwa nazo ndikupeza zolakwika za mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Monga lamulo, arrhythmias, kufupika, kupweteka pachifuwa, kuwonjezereka kosalekeza kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kumadzipangitsa kumva. Nthawi zina, njira yokhayo yomwe mungadziwire kuti wodwalayo akudwala ndi kudzera pa mayeso a postmortem.

Zoyambitsa sekondale

Fomu yachiwiri ndiyofala kwambiri ndipo ndiyabwino kuikonzanso kuchipatala. Pathology imayamba chifukwa cha matenda a impso, dongosolo lamanjenje kapena endocrine.

Mwa zina mwazofufuza:

• Matenda osokonekera a cerebrovascular. Zimayambitsa kusintha kwa njira ya ziletso zamagetsi zamkati, kusokoneza kamvekedwe ka mtima (mwina ndi stenosis kapena kupuma), motero kulumpha mu magazi ngakhale masana. Sichichita popanda zizindikiro zamgwirizano, odwala amazindikira chizungulire, kusakhazikika posuntha. Mavuto okhala ndi ziwalo zam'mimba ndizothekanso. Pang'onopang'ono kufooketsa kukumbukira. Ngati chizindikiro chimodzi chofooka cha mitsempha chikapezeka, muyenera kupita kwa dokotala.

• Ngozi yamatenda owononga ubongo, i.e. stroke. Zimakhudza kusintha kwamachitidwe a hemodynamics. Izi ndizotsatira zomwe ziyenera kumenyedwa.

• Pyelonephritis, nephritis, zina za matenda a excretory system. Amakhala akusemphana ndi kupanga kwa mahomoni-renin, omwe amalumikizana ndi angiotensin, ndikuyambitsa kuphatikizika kwofananira kwa kamvekedwe ka mtima. Kuphatikiza apo, ma pathologies a dongosolo la excretory amayankha ndi madzimadzi posungira. Ichi ndi chinthu chinanso chomwe chikuwonjezera matendawa.Ndikosavuta kuzindikira momwe impso zimapwetekera: kupweteka kumbuyo, kutsekemera mwachangu kapena mopitirira muyeso, ndikusintha kwamtundu wa mkodzo kumadziwika.

• Hyperthyroidism Kuchulukitsa kwa T3, T4 ndi mahomoni a pituitary TSH, omwe amalimbikitsa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Matendawa amatha kuzindikirika ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa thupi, kufalikira kwa thupi (maso akukulira), kutopa, kupweteka mutu, kugona tulo komanso kumva kutentha.

• Hypercorticism. Owonjezera norepinephrine, adrenaline ndi cortisol. Ma mahormoni a adrenal cortex amapangidwa mwambiri chifukwa chotupa mu gawo la hypothalamic-pituitary kapena tiziwalo timene timatulutsa tokha (pheochromocytoma, chitsanzo chapamwamba). Pamalo a ventricle achitatu, germinomas, adenomas ndi neoplasi ena amapangidwa. Zizindikiro zimawonekera mu mawonekedwe a matenda a Itsenko-Cushing. Matenda a 1st degree amakula, kunenepa kwambiri, kupweteka kwam'mbuyo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa msana, mavuto ndi libido, erectile ntchito komanso msambo.
• Matenda a musculoskeletal system, limodzi ndi kuphatikizika kwa zida za basilar. Amapereka mutu wotsekemera kumbuyo kwa mutu, vertigo ndi chisokonezo m'malo.

Second arterial hypertension amathandizidwa ndikuchotsa zomwe zimayambitsa (matenda oyamba).

Zizindikiro zamakhalidwe

Fomu yofunikira ya GB yokha imadzipangitsa kukhala yokha. Sekondale sizichitika. Kuphatikiza pazomwe zikuwonetsedwa pansipa, muyenera kuyang'ana zizindikiro zoyang'ana mbali.

Mwa zina zodziwika bwino za matenda a matenda a 1 degree:

• Mutu. M'chigawo cha occipital ndi parietal. Imalimba pambuyo kupanikizika kwa nthawi yayitali, kusintha kwa malo amthupi m'malo. Choponya kumenyedwa kwa mtima, kugundika, monga ngowe. Ndi malingaliro osakanikirana a njirayi, kusokoneza kusokonezeka kumawonedwa (kumadutsa kuchokera mbali ina ya mutu kupita ku imzake).
• Vertigo. Kufikira kutayika kotheratu kwa kumverera kwapansi pansi. Chisokonezo chimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa cochlea ndi cerebellum.
• Kutopa, kukhathamira pambuyo pakupsinjika pang'ono kwakuthupi ndi kwamaganizidwe.
• Mavuto ogona mu mawonekedwe a kudzutsa lakuthwa.
• Arrhasmia. Mwa mtundu wa tachycardia, bradycardia kapena kumverera kwachiwonetsero cha mtima pachifuwa. Zizindikiro zikusonyeza njira yovuta ya njirayi. Chisamaliro chapadera ndichofunikira.
• Kupuma pang'ono. Pambuyo ponyamula katundu pang'ono kapena kupuma. Ndizosatheka kuyenda, kukwera masitepe, kusewera masewera ena onse. Ngati ntchito imalumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuchita bwino komanso chonde zimachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro za gawo loyamba la matenda oopsa amafunika kuwunika kokwanira mu kachitidwe kokhala ndi zizindikiro zoyambira.

Mawonekedwe osatsata a gawo loyambirira la GB

• Nkhope yotsekemera.
• Kufooka minyewa mpaka kulephera kuyimirira ndikuyenda.
• Paresis, ziwalo, chidwi cham'madzi komanso dzanzi la miyendo ..
• Mavuto olankhula.
• Zosokoneza zowoneka, monga kuchepa kwakhungu kapena kuyambika kwadzidzidzi kwa mawanga ofiira.
• Zowawa pachifuwa zosagwirizana ndi kusinthasintha kwa mtima.

Izi ndi zizindikiro zamikhalidwe yadzidzidzi yomwe, ndi matenda oopsa a digiri yoyamba, pafupifupi sizimachitika. Muyenera kuti muwadziwe kuti athetse pakapita nthawi. Pakachitika ngozi, itanani ambulansi.

Zovuta zotheka

Kuwonongeka kwa zotsatira zoyipa ndi matenda oopsa a grade 1 ndi kocheperako (monga ananenera, 0,2-5% kapena kuposerapo pang'ono pazaka 10 zikubwerazi).

Koma simuyenera kumasuka. Popanda chithandizo, matendawa amakula msanga, ena makamaka.

Chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kupeza mzere pakati pa magawo 1 ndi 2; mphindi yakeyo siyingatsata popanda kuthandizira.

• Stroko Kusokonezeka kwazungulira muubongo. Zimabweretsa kufooka kwambiri kwa mitsempha.
• Myocardial infaration. Pachimake necrosis minofu zida. Woyamba ndi wachiwiri ndiwokayikitsa ngati simuchita masewera komanso osadzaza thupi.
• Hemophthalmus. Vitreous hemorrhage of eye. Zimakhala zochulukirapo.Zimayendera limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa masomphenyawo, m'mavuto akulu (ngati magazi amatengedwa mpaka 2/3 ya maso), mawonekedwe a retina. Vuto lodziwikiratu likuwonetsedwa.
• Kulephera kwina. Ndi nthawi yayitali yosadwala.

Chowoneka kwambiri chisanachitike zovuta ndi kusintha kwa matenda kukhala gawo 2.

Zofunika kuzifufuza?

Onse ofotokozera ziwalo ndi machitidwe. Moyang'aniridwa ndi a cardiologist, endocrinologist, nephrologist ndi neurologist.

Katswiri wamtima ndi m'mitsempha yamagazi - woyamba malinga ndi maulendo. Kutengera ndi malingaliro omwe apangidwira, titha kulankhula za kufunikira kwa madokotala ena.

Mapangidwe a kafukufukuyu amayimiridwa ndi izi:

• Kafukufuku wapakamwa, kutsimikizika kwa madandaulo a wodwala kuti adziwe veter ya matenda ena. Ntchito ya wodwala ndikufotokozera bwino momwe akumvera.
• Kuyeza kwa kupanikizika ndi manja awiri, ngati kungatheke pamapazi. Izi ndizofunikira kuti tiwunike moyenera momwe mkhalidwe wamtima wamtima uliri. Pangani kangapo, ndi mphindi 10-15.
• Kuwunikira tsiku ndi tsiku. Imagwira ntchito yayikulu kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa momwe magazi akuyendera. Imachitika kamodzi, mkati mwa maola 24, kapena kangapo pa sabata.
• Kuphunzira ntchito zamtima (kamvekedwe, pafupipafupi). Milandu yapadera imathandizira mavuto amtima.
• ECG Mumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa mbali zonse ziwiri za ziwonetsero komanso kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika kwa ziwalo.
• Echocardiography. Njira ya akupanga. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha matenda oopsa ndi makulidwe (hypertrophy) yam'manzere yamitsempha yamanzere. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa dzanja lamanja, funso limadzuka lokhudza kuthekera kwa pulmonary process (kukakamizidwa kwa mitsempha yofananira). Izi ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zowopsa.
• Ultrasound a impso.
• Pesi x-ray.
• Angiography.
• Kuyesa kwa minyewa.
• Kusanthula kwamikodzo, magazi (zamankhwala am'mwazi, zamahomoni, ambiri).

Wodwalayo amafunikanso kuti azisungira diary yamagazi. Kuyeza kumachitika katatu patsiku. Zambiri zimayikidwa mu cholembera ndipo zimaperekedwa kwa adotolo kuti aziwunika.

Njira zochizira

Chithandizo cha matenda oopsa a digiri yoyamba ndi yovuta: Mankhwala (kulowererapo kwa opaleshoni, ngati palibe njira zina) + kusintha kwa moyo.

Magulu azachipatala:

• Zodzikongoletsera. Furosemide, Hypothiazide, Veroshpiron. Imathandizira kutuluka kwamadzi kuchokera mthupi, kusintha zochitika za impso. Simungagwiritse ntchito mosasamala: pali chiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda a shuga.
• Zodonthoza (sedatives) zomera kapena zopangidwa. Sinthani njira zopinga wa chapakati mantha dongosolo, motero, kukhathamiritsa kwamalamulo a mtima. Valerian, motherwort (kokha pamapiritsi, palibe zolemba zoledzera), Diazepam adzachita.
• Adrenergic blockers (beta ndi alpha). Kuchepetsa chidwi cha zolandilira zapadera ku angiotensin, katekisimu ndi zinthu zina. Zotsatira zake, kamvekedwe ka minyewa timakhazikika, ngakhale kuli kwazinthu zina zamafuta. Mayina: Carvedilol, Anaprilin.

Pankhani zovuta, ndizomveka kulemba:

• ACE zoletsa. Perineva, Prestarium, Perindapril. Amalepheretsa mapangidwe a vasoconstrictor mahomoni angiotensin. Zimagwiritsa ntchito kukulitsa zinthu.
• Calcium calcium blockers. Verepamil, Diltiazem. Mankhwala amalepheretsa kulowa kwa Ca + ions kulowa m'mitsempha yamagazi ndi minofu, komanso kuteteza kapangidwe kake kuti kamachepetse.

Mankhwala othandizira amafunikira:

• Zofooka za mtima.
• Kuwonongeka kwa impso.
• Tumors.
• Kuthamanga kwa atherosulinosis.

Kuwongolera zakudya ndi moyo

Komabe, chithandizo chokha sichingagawidwe. M'pofunika kusintha kwambiri moyo. Pakadali pano, njira zoterezi ndizothandiza kuposa kale.

• Kusuta kufafaniza.
• Mowa wokwanira (osaposa 150 ml wa vinyo wofiira pa sabata, ngati mukufuna).
• Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi (kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuyenda kawiri pa tsiku kwa ola limodzi, kuyenda kosavuta).
• Zakumwa za boma zakumwa (malita 1.5-1.8 patsiku).

Udindo waukulu umaperekedwa ku chakudya. Zomwe zingadyedwe:

• Zatsopano zamasamba ndi zipatso.
• Zipatso zophika.
• Ma compotes, zakumwa za zipatso.
• Porridge kuchokera ku chimanga.
• Supu pa msuzi wamafuta ochepa kapena masamba msuzi.
• Kuku, nkhuku (makamaka bere).
• Wokondedwa
• Zipatso zouma.
• Zopangira mkaka wowonda (osati mafuta).
• Batala (imakhala ndi lecithin yofunika).
• Mazira (chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa cholesterol "wathanzi").
• Mkate Wofunda.
• Nsomba yophika kapena yophika.

Zomwe ndibwino kukana:

• Zakudya zokazinga.
• Masoseji.
• Zakudya zakusuta.
• Tiyi, khofi. Ndikofunika kusintha ndi granular chicory yapamwamba kwambiri.
• Zakumwa zakumwa.
• Zakudya zamatenda.
• Chocolate
• Shuga pamiyeso yambiri (oposa 50-70 magalamu patsiku).
• Mchere (osaposa 7 g patsiku).

Gome la chithandizo No. 10 likuwonetsedwa. kukonza zakudya kumachitika moyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri wa zakudya kapena mtima.

Zonenedweratu ndi mphindi zomwe zimatsimikiza

Zotsatira za njira ya pathological zimatengera kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimayambitsa zoopsa, moyo ndi mtundu wa chithandizo.

Zomwe madokotala amatenga chidwi posankha njira yomwe ingachitike:

• Cholesterolemia.
• Kusuta, kumwa mowa.
• Wophedwa ndi cholowa.
• Somatic concomitant matenda.
• Kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuwonongeka kwa lipid kagayidwe.
• Sitiroko yapitayo kapena vuto la mtima.
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Zakudya zopanda pake.

Zowonjezereka mu anamnesis, kukulira kwa chidziwitso ndi kufupikitsa nthawi ya matenda oopsa a 1 degree. Mwinanso kusintha koyambirira kwa gawo 2.

Pomaliza

GB ikukula motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda a mtima, ma excretory, mantha kapena endocrine. Pakadali pano, ndizotheka kuchiritsa matendawa kwathunthu.

Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kuwononga nthawi. Dokotala wamtima angakuthandizeni kusankha njira yochizira. Ndikofunikira kusintha moyo wanu. Kuchita mwadongosolo kumathandizira kuti thanzi likhale lachilendo.

Zowopsa 2, 3, 4 madigiri

Uwu ndi mtundu wofatsa wa matenda oopsa. Kuwerengera kwa tonometer kotsatiraku kumadziwika ndi izi: 160 -180 mm. Hg. Art. kupanikizika kwa systolic ndi 100 -110 mm RT. Art. - malire a diastolic. Nthawi zopsinjika kwambiri ndizitali. Kuthamanga kwa magazi mwazonse kumachita bwino kukonza pang'ono. Magawo otero amakhala okhazikika, ndi nthawi - yowonjezereka.

Kutengera kuchuluka kwa kusintha kuchokera pamlingo wina kupita wina, matenda oopsa komanso oopsa amakhala osiyanitsidwa. Zikatere, matendawa amayenda mofulumira kwambiri kotero kuti amatha kupha. Kuopsa kwa matendawa ndikuwonjezereka kwa kuthamanga kwa kayendedwe ka magazi kumayambitsa kuphatikizika kwamitsempha yamagazi ndikuchepa kwakukulu kwa mainchesi awo.

Zowopsa za 2nd degree of dalili ndi chithandizo zimasakanikirana. Kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika kumatha kutsatiridwa ndi zizindikiro zotere:

• Kutupa kwa nkhope, makamaka eyelizi,
• Khungu lanyama limapangidwa modabwitsa, pakapita nthawi, makina amitsempha amadziwulula.
• Kuwonjezera ululu m'dera lanyengo
• Nthawi yomweyo, ndikumva kuwawa kumbuyo kwa mutu,
• Pambuyo podzuka, palibe nyonga, kutopa ndi kusilira kumapitilira masana,
• Manja akatupa
• Kumakhala kovuta m'maso, "ntchentche" nthawi zina chimazungulira,
• Kuthamanga kwa mtima kumathandizira pa kuyesetsa pang'ono,
• Pali mavuto pokumbukira,
• Phokoso lokhazikika m'mutu
• Emotional lability - otsika gawo la chisangalalo,
• Zotupa zothina zamaso (sclera),
• Ventricular wall sign (imalipidwa chifukwa chokana kutaya magazi),
• Kukhudzidwa mwaulere mu kulephera kwa impso.

Madokotala amasiyanitsa matenda oopsa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ngozi zomwe zimabweretsa. Mukawunika, njira zingapo zimawerengedwa:

1. Zaumoyo zovuta.
2. Kuthekera kwa kutayika kosasintha kwa magwiridwe antchito aubongo.
3. Kuopsa kwa zovulaza ziwalo, nthawi zambiri kuposa ena omwe akuvutika ndi kutsika, ngakhale pakalibe zizindikiro zosasangalatsa.

Zowonjezera zomwe zikuvutitsa chithunzi cha matenda:

• Kuyenerera kwa zaka: amuna - azaka 55 ndi akulu, akazi - kuyambira zaka 65,
• Cholesterol - 6.5 mmol / L,
• Osuta "ali ndi chidziwitso",
• Matenda opsa (genetic)
• Kulemera kwambiri
• Matenda a shuga ndi zovuta zina za metabolic,
• Moyo wopanda thanzi.

Gulu losavuta kwambiri ndi matenda oopsa a 1st, omwe sanakulidwebe ndi mavuto omwe amakumana nawo. Poyerekeza ndi momwe gawo lino la matenda lakhalira, chiwopsezo cha ziwopsezo zama ziwopsezo posachedwa ndi 15%.

Matenda oopsa a digiri yachiwiri; chiopsezo 2 ndi kusakhalapo kwa zinthu zomwe zikukulitsa kapena kuwonekera kwa malo amodzi kapena awiri omwe adalembedwa. Mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta za ziwalo zomwe zigwiritsidwe ndi gawo lachiwiri la matenda oopsa a gawo 2 zimakwera mpaka 20%.

Matenda oopsa a 2nd degree 3 amapezeka pamaso pa mphindi zitatu zoyipa. Kuchepa kwa zovuta kumakulira mpaka 30%.

Kuphatikizika kwa digiri ya 2; chiwopsezo cha digiri ya 4 imatsimikiziridwa ndi zovuta zinayi kapena zingapo. Kuthekera kwazowonjezera zomwe zikuchitika ndikuchokera 30%. Zovuta zamatenda zimawoneka bwino.

Matenda a digiri yachiwiri, chiwopsezo cha 2 - wodwalayo amadziwika ngati panthawi yoyesedwa alibe stroko, palibe kusintha kwa endocrine (kuphatikizapo matenda ashuga). M'malo mwake, matenda oopsa okha ndi omwe amadetsa nkhawa wodwalayo. Kuopsa kosintha kosasinthika kale pamwambapa kumakulitsa kwambiri wodwala.

Madotolo akayerekeza kuopsa kwa zinthu zomwe zimabwezeretsa mtima ndi 20-30%, amapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda 2 oopsa, 3. Mndandanda wamatenda omwe wodwala amakhala nawo kale ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi arteriosulinosis, omwe amawononga mitsempha yamagazi.

Nthawi yomweyo, matenda a impso akupita patsogolo. Kuwonongeka kwa kufalikira kwa coronary, kusokonekera kwa ischemia, ali ndi zaka 30 kumapangitsa kuzindikira matenda oopsa a grade 2, kuopsa 3 ndi kulumala pakapita nthawi yayitali.

Kupezeka kwa "maluwa" amatenda (atherosulinosis, matenda ashuga, ischemia) kukuwonetsa kuti wodwala wapezeka ndi matenda owopsa a kalasi 2, ali pachiwopsezo 4. Matenda oopsa a panthaka pano amangokulitsa zinthu. Kuzindikira koteroko kumalandiridwa ndi odwala omwe adapulumuka vuto la mtima la 1-2, mosasamala kanthu ndi dera lomwe lakhudzidwalo.

Ziyenera kufotokozedwa kuti chiopsezo zana ndi lingaliro lodziwikiratu, osati lomaliza. Zimangowonetsa zovuta za zovuta. Wodwala akazindikira kuopsa kwa vuto lakelo ndipo achitapo kanthu moyenera, matendawo atha kuwongolera.

Matenda a grade 2 amatengedwa ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda oopsa. Mpanda wapamwamba ndi 160-180 mm Hg. Art., Otsika - 100-110 mm. Hg. Art. Ngati kufananizidwa ndi digiri yapitayi, ndiye kuti kusintha kwa kukakamiza kukuwonetsa kukwera kosalekeza kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Zovuta sizimachitika konse.

Zowopsa za nthendayi ndizokwera kwambiri. Mutu umavulala pafupipafupi, umayendera limodzi ndi chizungulire komanso kusakhala bwino pakulunjika kwa malo. Zala ndi zala zakumaso zimafooka, kusinthasintha kosalekeza, kutupira ndi khungu m'maso kumapangitsa kudzuka ndi kutopa.

Wodwala amakhala akusowa tulo, kugwira ntchito kumachepa. Ngati simukuchita zinthu mwachangu, matendawa amapita pamlingo wotsatira.

Pakuwerenga matenda aliwonse pogwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zida zophunzirira. Pakufufuza koyambirira, adokotala amamva madandaulo, ndikupanga lingaliro la matenda. Ngati matendawa alibe chibadwa ndipo amawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zina zokha, palibe chidziwitso chokwanira chokwanira chokwanira.

Madandaulo pankhani yokhala bwino ndi zizindikiro za mawonekedwe ake zimapangitsa dokotala kuti aganizire za matenda oopsa a giredi 2. Gawo lotsatira ndikuwunika kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kwa izi, kupitilira masabata awiri, zisonyezo zake zimasinthidwa kawiri pa tsiku.

Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi digiri yoyamba ya matenda oopsa ndipo adalembetsedwa kale, ndiye kuti osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pakadali pano kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kudziwikitsa momveka bwino kumakhazikitsidwa basi.

Njira zaku thupi ndi:

• Kukhazikika kwatsatanetsatane wamagazi ndi tonometer,
• Kupenda kwamitsempha yamagazi,
• Kuyesa mtundu wa khungu kutupa ndi hyperemia,
• Kupanga kwamphamvu yam'mimba,
• Kupenda kwamapapo ndi mtima,
• Kutsimikiza kwa mapangidwe asinthidwe a mtima (pogogoda zala).

Katswiri wodziwa bwino ali ndi zokwanira za maluso awa kuti apange malingaliro pazakuwoneka mu ntchito ya mtima, impso, mitsempha yamagazi pamunsi pa mayeso oyamba.

Njira zopangira zida sizimalola kufufuza mwachindunji kokha, zimaperekanso kutsimikizika kosazindikirika kwa zizindikiro.

1. Kuyesedwa kwa chiwindi, impso, kapamba ndi endocrine tiziwoneka ndi ultrasound kumathandizira kuwunika momwe alili, ngati matenda atulukiridwa, kuti adziwe zotsatira zake.
2. Ultrasound yamtima, echocardiography imakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa hypertrophy ya mtima wamanzere ventricle. Ikatambasulidwa ,wululani mulingo wa kubwezera.
3. Pamodzi ndi maphunziro otere, kuwunika kumapangidwa pazochitika za minofu yamtima ndikusintha mtima. ECG imapangitsa kuti athe kuwona chithunzi chachipatala cha zovuta.
4. Dopplerography imapereka kuwunika kwa impso. Pakukula kwa matenda oopsa, kupanikizana kwa chiwiya chimodzi ndikokwanira. Ndi thrombosis yake, zizindikiritso zodziwikitsa zimawoneka ngati mphezi mwachangu. Mankhwalawa ndiwotalikirapo ndipo samadziwika nthawi zonse.
5. Kuyesa kwamikodzo ndi magazi.

Kuwonongeka kwa digiri yachiwiri ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, kulephera kwa impso, kusintha kwamachitidwe mu ziwalo.

Kodi kuchitira matenda 2 matenda oopsa? Chiwembuchi ndi othandizira am'deralo. Ngati ndi kotheka, kuonana ndi dokotala wamtima wamanjoya ndi neurologist kumayikidwa. Njira zachikhalidwe zochitira matenda oopsa a grade 2 zimaphatikizapo:

1. Ma diuretics (okodzetsa) monga thiazide, ravel, veroshpiron, diuvere, furosemide.
2. Mankhwala a antihypertensive ndi gawo lofunikira la mankhwalawa. Izi zimaphatikizapo lisinopril, bisoprolol, artillery, physiotens ndi analogues awo.
3. Njira zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi - atorvastatin, zovastikor.
4. Kuti muchepetse magazi, gwiritsani ntchito aspicard ndi mtima.

Ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti mtundu wa chithandizo umadalira makamaka kutsatira malangizo kuti agwiritse ntchito. Kudzichitira nokha mankhwala oopsa. Kuyesa kotereku kumatha kubweretsa kulumala.

Wochiritsirayo amasankha mtundu wa mankhwalawo payekhapayekha, poganizira zaka, thupi ndi zina zaumoyo wa wodwala.

Njira yophatikizira yamankhwala imapangitsa kuti azitha kuchita mwadala pazinthu zonse zomwe zimapereka kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Njira iyi imakupatsani mwayi woperekera mankhwala osokoneza bongo osachepera pang'ono, chifukwa akakhala ndi nthawi yomweyo, amathandizira aliyense.

Kukonzekera kwa chithandizo chovuta kumasankhidwa mosamala, popeza samangoyambitsa ma pharmacodynamics, otsutsa amatha kuchepetsa kugwirirana kwa zero mpaka zero. Pakukonzekera kuonana, adokotala azikumbukira:

• M'badwo wodwala
• Moyo
• Matenda a Endocrine
• Kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga
• Kuchuluka kwa kunenepa
• Ma pathologies otheka kuchokera kumbali ya mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi,
• Angina pectoris,
• Tachycardia
• Kuphwanya kwa ziwalo zomwe mukufuna
• Kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi.

Chithandizo cha matenda oopsa a giredi 2 limodzi ndi mankhwalawa ndi monga mitundu iyi:

1. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors amatulutsa timadzi tomwe timachepetsa mphamvu ya kamvekedwe ka mtima.
2. Ma ARB zoletsa nawonso ali ndi vuto lofananalo.
3. Ma calcium calcium blockers amachititsa mphamvu ya calcium pa myocardium. Mankhwala amasangalatsa mitsempha yamagazi, amachepetsa kamvekedwe ka minofu.
4. Beta-blockers amachepetsa pafupipafupi mawonekedwe a minofu ya mtima, kuyendetsa katundu wake.
5. Ma Renin zoletsa amakhala ndi mtima ndi zotsatira zabwino.

Dokotala nthawi zonse amalemba mapiritsi okhala ndi zolinga zingapo. Choyamba, diuretics ndi mankhwala.

Mothandizidwa moyenera amachotsa madzi owonjezera a thiazide. Kwa akulu, Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 0.6 - 0,8 g, umagawidwa mu Mlingo wambiri wa 3-4.

Kwa ana, mankhwalawa amawerengedwa mu kuchuluka kwa 10-20 mg pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa mwana. Zotsatira zoyipa zimachitika, mlingo umachepetsedwa kukhala 30 mg.

Kutalika kwa maphunzirowa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi adokotala.Kuphatikiza pakumveranso kwamunthu pazigawo za thiazide, leukopenia imatengedwa kuti ndi contraindication.

Kufanana ndi okodzetsa, akatswiri amawonetsa zolepheretsa: captopril, lisinopril, enalapril, cilazapril, quinapril, ramipril.

Captopril ndi fanizo amatengedwa pakamwa ola limodzi asanadye. Mlingo woyambira - 2 times 25 mg. Ngati ndi kotheka, milungu iwiri iliyonse, mlingo umasinthidwa kuti mupeze zomwe mukufuna. Pakulephera kwa impso, mlingo woyambirira uyenera kusungidwa pang'ono. Kuwonjezereka kumatheka m'milungu ingapo, ndikukula kwapabwino.

Zofooka za Captopril ndi mankhwala am'magulu ake ndi zovuta za impso, stenosis ya orortice, angioedema, Cardiogenic shock, mimba. Sikulimbikitsidwa kupereka mankhwala kwa ana.

Chithandizo chokwanira chimaphatikizanso kugwiritsa ntchito ziletso za ARB: losartan, candesartan, eprosartan, telmisartan, irbesartan, olmesaran, valsartan.

Candesartan amatengedwa pakamwa 4 mg pa tsiku limodzi. Kukula kwakukulu ndi 16 mg, popewa - 8 mg, ndi pyelonephritis, mlingo woyambira ukuchokera 2 mg. Candesartan sichimawonetsedwa kwa amayi apakati kapena oyamwitsa.

Ma blocker a beta m'mapiritsi monga acebutolol, metoprolol, pindolol, oxprenolol, atenolol, sotalol, bisoprolol, propranolol, timolol amakhalanso povuta.

Metoprolol imatengedwa kapena itatha chakudya. Mlingo wocheperako ndi 0,05-0.1 g patsiku, uyenera kugawidwa pawiri. Ngati vutoli silikwanira, onjezani mlingo wa 0,2 g kapena perekani malangizo anthawi yomweyo. Mndandanda wa contraindication ndi wolimba: bradycardia, decompensatory matenda a mtima, cardiogenic mantha, angina pectoris, pakati.

Kuphatikiza zitsamba zosankhidwa bwino zimachepetsa zizindikiro za matendawa.

Matenda ogwirizana a digiri yachiwiri - matendawa ndi akulu ndipo amafunika magwiridwe antchito, kupatula:

• Kuchulukitsa kwa thupi ndi malingaliro,
• Gwirani ntchito pa liwiro linalake (chotumiza),
• Gwirani ntchito mchipinda chamaphokoso, chamtundu ndi kutentha kokwezeka,
• Ntchito yosintha usiku
• Ntchito yamagetsi, gwiranani ntchito pamalo okwezeka,
• Ntchito yokhoza kupanga zadzidzidzi
• Zoyenera kusintha kwa kutentha.

Kodi matenda oopsa a grade 2, chiopsezo 2 ndi chiani? Zowopsa zimadziwika ndi zinthu zomwe zimakulitsa thanzi la wodwalayo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, kuthekera kwa kuwonongeka kosasintha kwa ziwalo zomwe zakukhudzidwadi kumatsimikizidwanso. Ubongo, impso, mtima, maso akuvutika. Ngakhale popanda zodziwikiratu, zosasangalatsa, ziwalo zomwe zikuyang'aniridwa zimatha kukhudzidwa.

Ndi chiyani chomwe chimawonjezera mwayi wopita patsogolo kwa matenda?

1. Mzere wazaka. Kwa amuna, awa ndi zaka 55, akazi 65,
2. Plasma cholesterol. Kuopsa kwa 6.5 mmol pa lita imodzi,
3. Kusuta kwakutali. Zimatsogolera osati ku matenda oopsa, zimakhala zosatheka kupewe utsi wake,
4. Kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri. Kubwezeretsa kulemera kwanu, munthu amatha kumuchotsera mavuto ena akulu azaumoyo,
5. Matenda a shuga. Matendawa amatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo monga matenda oopsa, chifukwa kuwunika zaumoyo kuyenera kukhala kosalekeza,
6. Khalidwe labwino. Poyerekeza ndi izi, matenda aliwonse amakula, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyeserera momwe mumakhalira olimba,
7. Gawo losavuta kwambiri ndi matenda oopsa a grade 1, omwe samalemedwa ndi zinthu zina. Poyerekeza ndi kumene kumachitika matendawa, ngozi yakuwonongeka kwa ziwalo kwakanthawi kokwanira sikudzakhala kupitirira 15%.

Gawo ili ndilosiyana chifukwa manambala pa tonometer kale amasiyana kwambiri kwazomwe zimachitika. Kupanikizika kwa systolic kunakwera kufika pa 160-180 mm RT. Art. ndi zina zambiri, ndi diastolic - 100-110 mm RT. Art. Izi zimasungidwa kwamuyaya. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimatha kutchedwa kuti zopanda umboni.

Mukuyenera kumvetsetsa kuti zambiri mwazizindikirozi ndizabadwa mu ma pathologies ena, chifukwa chake simuyenera kudzipangira nokha.

Zizindikiro izi ndizowopsa kwambiri kuti musawayankhe, komanso kuti musathamangire kwa dokotala kuti mukamufufuze.

Njira zonse zodziwitsa anthu zagawika pawiri komanso zothandiza. Choyamba, adokotala amvetsera madandaulo a wodwala. Pamaziko awo, adokotala atha kupangiratu matenda oyambitsidwa, apeza lingaliro la matenda. Koma awa si gawo lophunzirira kwambiri pa kafukufukuyu, chifukwa chake mndandanda wonse wabodza umatsatira.

Ndiye kodi ndizotheka kuchiritsa matenda owonjezera a grade 2? Tsoka ilo, matendawa sadzasintha. Uwu ndiye digiri yoyamba, pamene ziwalo zomwe sizinakhudzebe zisanakhudze, zitha kuyimitsidwa. Koma ngakhale kusunthaku ndi ntchito yayikulu komanso chikhumbo champhamvu cha wodwalayo. Matenda oopsa a digiri yachiwiri ndi njira yoopsa kwambiri.

Zochita zodzipangira zokha sizimasiyanitsidwa. Zochita izi zimatha kuvulaza, ndipo munthu amakhala ndi vuto kale, ngakhale sizotsatira zomvetsa chisoni zambiri. Njira zochizira ndi za aliyense kwa wodwala aliyense.

Simungathe kuyankhula za mtundu wina wa mankhwala apadziko lonse lapansi. Zotsatira zonse za kuyesedwa ndi kupezeka kwa matenda oyanjananso zimawerengedwa. Chifukwa chake, m'malo onsewo, ma regimens ake amathandizidwa.

Mankhwala othandizira ndi othandiza, koma amafunikira njira yovuta kwambiri. Sikuti nthawi zonse mankhwalawa amathandizana wina ndi mnzake pogwira ntchito, ndikulondola kwa mankhwala, mankhwala amodzi amatha kulepheretsa wachiwiri, kapena, zomwe zingatheke, mankhwalawo amalemedwa ndi mavuto.

Mukapanga njira yochizira, adokotala amadalira:

1. M'badwo wodwala
2. Makhalidwe ake (zizolowezi zoipa, zolimbitsa thupi),
3. Matenda a mahomoni
4. Kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga
5. Mkulu index (kaya wodwalayo wonenepa kwambiri).

Chinthu chosiyana ndi momwe mtima ndi mtsempha wamagazi. Ndizotheka kuti wodwalayo kale ali ndi angina pectoris kapena tachycardia, pali mtundu wina wamtundu wa mtima. Dotolo amayang'ananso mkhalidwe wa ziwalo zomwe akufuna. Zilakwika zilizonse pantchito yawo zimakakamiza kuti mankhwalawo asinthidwe.

Mankhwala okhawo omwe wodwalayo sakhudzidwa ndi chiwopsezo cha matupi awo sangathe kupereka dokotala. Komanso, mankhwalawa amasankhidwa omwe adziwonetsa kale mu ntchito ya tandem. Ndipo ngakhale ngati kusankha kwa mankhwala kunali kosamala, kolondola, nthawi yoyamba yomwe mumamwa mankhwalawa, kuwunika momwe wodwalayo akuyenera kukhala nthawi yake komanso momveka bwino.

Kupsinjika kwakukulu kumatha kuimitsidwa ndi njira zingapo, kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala. Nthawi zambiri, dokotala amakupatsani mankhwala okwanira. Ndipo sikuti pali mankhwala okha, komanso malingaliro okhudzana ndi zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi, kusintha moyo wa wodwala.

Tiyeneranso kutchula ma diuretics. Awa ndi ma diuretics omwe amachotsa madzi owonjezera mthupi. Kutalika kwa chithandizo kumayendetsedwa ndi adokotala. Mankhwalawa amasankhidwa poganizira kuti mwina munthu akhoza kutsutsana ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu za mankhwalawo, matupi awo sagwirizana.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri momwe wodwalayo amakhalira atapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a grade 1 ochepa.

Ngati ali ndi udindo wokwaniritsa zomwe wapangizidwa ndi katswiriyo, ndiye kuti ndiye njira yoyamba komanso yokhayo yopewa matenda a 2.

Kuti mumvetsetse mawonekedwe a matenda oopsa a grade 2 ndikotheka pokhapokha pofufuza momwe matenda amachitika m'magazi amthupi akamatulutsa magazi. Pa izi, matenda oopsa 1, 2 ndi 3 ayenera kufananizidwa wina ndi mnzake.

Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kuthamanga kwa magazi, chifukwa zimatipatsa lingaliro pazovuta zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chosakhalapo ndi nthawi komanso chithandizo chokwanira.

Hypertension ndi matenda omwe amapita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimayambira zaka zambiri.Njira ya pathological imayamba ndikuwonjezereka kwamphamvu kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi mpaka 140 pa 100 mm Hg. Izi zimayenderana ndi matenda oopsa a giredi 1.

Gawo loyambirira kapena loyambirira la matenda oopsa amathandizidwa ndi zakudya komanso kusintha kwa zizolowezi, mankhwala nthawi zambiri samayikidwa, chiwopsezo cha zovuta ndizochepa.

Wodwala akapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda oopsa a grade 1, koma sanamvere zomwe dokotala akuwonetsa, matendawa amapita patsogolo pakapita nthawi. Kuchulukitsa kumadalira moyo ndi zizolowezi. Anthu omwe amasuta fodya omwe amamwa mowa mopitirira muyeso miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake amatha kukulanso nkhawa.

Matenda ogwirizana a digiri yachiwiri ali ndi izi:

• kupanikizika kwapamwamba pamtunda wa 160-179 mm Hg,
• Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa magazi,
• mwayi wokhala ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri.
• chiopsezo chowonongeka cha ziwalo,
• kufunika kopitilira chithandizo chamankhwala.

Chiwopsezo chowonongeka cha ziwalo zimayesedwa kutengera matenda ndi zovuta zina. Zowopsa zomwe wodwala amakhala nazo, zomwe zimakhala zowopsa kwambiri ndizo digiri yachiwiri.

Kusakwanira kwa mankhwala ophatikizira matenda oopsa a grade 2 kumapangitsa kuti matenda awonjezeke. Matenda oopsa a digiri ya 3 ndi matenda opweteka kwambiri, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi zovuta zamagulu pakugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zofunika.

Monga lamulo, matenda oopsa a giredi 3 amachepetsa chiyembekezo cha moyo wa wodwalayo pofika zaka 7-10. Odwala, kufa kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda amtima (infaration ya myocardial).

Nthawi zambiri, matenda oopsa a digiri ya 2 kuchokera ku matenda a kukula kwachitatu amasiyana ndi mphamvu yakukhudzidwa kwa ziwalo zomwe zakulondolani. Ndi matenda oopsa a giredi 2, chiwalo chimodzi chimakhudzidwa - impso, kapena mtima, kapena ziwalo.

Kugonjetsedwa kumawonekera ndi zovuta zamagulu pantchito ya ziwalozi. Ndi matenda oopsa a giredi 3, zolinga zingapo zimavutika nthawi imodzi, nthawi zambiri impso ndi mtima.

Zosintha mu ziwalozi chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwapanikizidwe kopitilira 180 mm. Hg.

Zizindikiro za matenda oopsa a grade 2 ndi zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuphatikiza:

• mutu
• kupuma movutikira
• tinnitus
• chophimba pamaso
• kumverera kwakusweka mtima kwanu,
• kumverera kwa nkhawa
• kusakhazikika.

Wothandizira amasankha dongosolo la mankhwalawo. Ngati ndi kotheka, zowonjezera zimapangidwa ndi madokotala monga a mtima ndi neuropathologist. Tsoka ilo, kuchiritsa matendawa mpaka kalekale sikutheka. Njira zonse zimapangidwa kuti muchepetse magawo ake komanso kusintha mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.

Mukamapereka mankhwala, kuchuluka kwa odwala kumawerengedwa. Ma algorithm othandizira odwala ndi achinyamata okalamba adzakhala osiyana. Mfundoyi ikugwira ntchito ngati amayi ali ndi pakati, chifukwa nthawi imeneyi mankhwala ambiri amatsutsana kuti agwiritse ntchito.

Wodwala ayenera kutsatira malangizo onse a dokotala. Kubwezeretsedwa kosavomerezeka kwa matenda oopsa omwe amakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri kumatha kuyambitsa kulumala ndi kufa.

Mndandanda wazomwe zikulembedwera ndi madigiri a 2 2 mulinso mapiritsi:

1. Ma diuretics pochotsa madzi ochulukirapo m'thupi - Veroshpiron, Furosemide.
2. Mankhwala a antihypertensive ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazachipatala. Izi zikuphatikizapo Hartil, Bisoprolol ndi zina zotero.
3. Mankhwala ochepetsa magazi a cholesterol - Atorvastatin.
4. Monga momwe amafananizira ndi kuchepa kwa magazi.

Ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kuchokera ku 160 mpaka 100 mm, mlingo umayikidwa payekha, monga lamulo, umayamba ndi mlingo wapakati. Mukamasankha mapiritsi, mawonekedwe ndi zoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito, mwayi wazotsatira zoyipa, zimaganiziridwa.

Mukakhazikitsa chiwopsezo cha matenda, madokotala amaganizira zaka, jenda, kupezeka kwa matenda oyamba mthupi la wodwala wodwala.Izi zimathandizira kulosera zamatenda, zimachepetsa mwayi wamavuto akulu azaumoyo, kulumala.

Chiwopsezo 2 cha matenda oopsa a grade 2 amatanthauza kuti njira zosasintha mu ziwalo zamkati mothandizidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi zimayang'aniridwa pokhapokha zaka 10, mwayi wokhala ndi stroke komanso kugunda kwa mtima ndi 20%.

Mlingo wowopsa pamlanduwu ndi 20-30%. Chiwopsezo 3 cha kalasi yachiwiri ya matenda oopsa amakhala ndi kusintha kwazinthu zam'mimba komanso kufalikira kwa ziwalo zamkati, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wodwala chifukwa chosakhalapo panthawi yake. Ndondomeko ya chithandizo imasankhidwa payekhapayekha polingalira za chiwopsezo cha wodwalayo.

Ichi ndi mawonekedwe a chithunzi chachipatala chovuta, chofanana ndi chiopsezo choposa 30%. Kusintha kwa ziwalo zamkati kwatulutsa zizindikiro, ndipo kulumpha m'magazi kumakhala kwakanthawi komanso kwakadongosolo.

Ndi chiwopsezo cha 4 ndi grade 2 ochepa matenda oopsa, kuchitapo kanthu kumafunikira mwachangu, apo ayi kulumala ndi kufa zitha kutha kuthana ndi zovuta.

Zizindikiro zamankhwala zodwala zomwe zikuchitika zikupita patsogolo mwachangu, kugona pabedi wodwalayo panthawi yotsatira. Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a antihypertensive, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi katswiri wokhala ndi madandaulo okhudzana ndi thanzi lathunthu. Samalani mwapadera zisonyezo zotere za matenda oopsa 2, zomwe zimatengera momwe thupi liliri:

• kumverera kwa ziphuphu, kupweteka m'makachisi,
• Kukuyamba kuda pamaso panga
• tinnitus m'mawa,
• kumverera kwa kupanikizika mu gawo la occipital,
• kukwera kwakukulu
• nkhope yotupa ndi matope
• dzanzi lamanja,
• ma capillary network pama protein,
• chizungulire pafupipafupi
• M'maso mwanga mumatsika pang'ono
• kukomoka mtima,
• Zizindikiro za tachycardia,
• kusintha kwamaso kwa maso,
• Kutupa kwa m'munsi,
• khungu
• mavuto pokodza
• miseru, mphwayi, ulesi,
• kuchuluka kwa mkwiyo
• mavuto amakumbukiro
• kusakhazikika mtima.

Asanayambe chithandizo champhamvu, katswiri wa zamankhwala amapanga ziwalo zopanga magazi. Ndikofunikira kupeza zomwe zimapangitsa kuti lumen ikhale yocheperako komanso njira zokulitsira zotengera, kusintha kayendedwe kazinthu, komanso kupewa pafupipafupi. Kuti chisamaliro chothandizira matenda oopsa a grade 2 akhale bwino, njira zotsatirazi zakuchipatala zawonetsedwa:

• urinalysis
• dopplerography,
• kuyesa kwa ultrasound (ultrasound),
• Echocardiography,
• kuyezetsa magazi
• ECG

Wochiritsirayo amatenga nawo matendawa, komabe, katswiri wamtima wamtima amapanga mapiritsi a matenda oopsa a grade 2. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi vutoli amatha kudzuka ndi chidwi, koma ayenera kumvetsetsa kuopsa kwa matendawa, osaphwanya njira yochiritsidwayo yomwe wapatsidwa.

Mankhwala omwe aperekedwa chifukwa cha matenda oopsa a grade 2 amakhala chizolowezi cha moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zovuta, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro za siteji ino. Yankho, momwe mungagwiritsire matenda oopsa a grade 2, amapereka malangizo awa:

1. Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa magazi (kuwonda m'magazi), ndikofunikira kutenga Aspirin, Cardiomagnyl, Heparin, Aspicard.
2. Kuti achepetse kupanikizika, diuretics (okodzetsa) amalembedwa, monga Diuver, Furosemide, Pyrethanide, Torasemide, Veroshpiron, Ravel.
3. Ndi matenda awa, thiazides (mankhwala a thiazide), monga Arifon, Chlortalidone, Indapamide, akulimbikitsidwa.
4. Kuti muchepetse cholesterol yamagazi, ndikofunikira kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa lipid monga Atorvastatin, Atoris, Liprimar, Zovastikor.
5. Kuti muwonjezere zombozo, mankhwala otere a antihypertensive a magulu osiyanasiyana amalembedwa, monga Physiotens, Artil, Bisoprolol, Lisinopril.

Kodi matenda oopsya komanso kubereka zimagwirizana bwanji?

Matenda oopsa amatha kupeza mkazi nthawi yapakati. Pali kulumpha kamodzi kokha mu kukakamiza, pali kuwonjezeka kwachilengedwe pang'ono kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi mwa mkazi, ndipo zimachitika chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa magazi ozungulira m'thupi kumakulanso.

Katundu pa mtima umachuluka, izi zimasintha ntchito ya machitidwe amthupi, ndipo izi zimawonetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa kupanikizika.

Ngati tirikunena za matenda oopsa a amayi oyembekezera, ndiye kuti akhoza kukhala oyembekezera kapena matenda oopsa - njira yayikulu komanso yoopsa.

Kuchepa kwa magazi kwa amayi oyembekezera kumatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zoipa:

• Sitiroko
• Matenda a mtima
• Zowonongeka zazitali,
• Kulephera kwina
• Kulephera kwa mtima.

Kwambiri, matenda oopsa m'mayi oyembekezera amadziwonetsera motere: kuponderezana kumakwera mpaka 160-180, kutsika kotsika kupitilira 110. Proteinuria imadziwikanso (uku ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mapuloteni mu mkodzo) - chizindikiro ichi chiri pamwamba pa 5 g / tsiku. Creatinine pakuwunika kwa seramu yamagazi imapezekanso mu mtengo wowonjezereka.

Pulmonary edema n`zotheka, khunyu silikuperekedwa, ziwalo zimakhudzidwa. Mzimayi amadandaula kupweteka mutu, kusawona pang'ono, kupweteka kwambiri pamimba, nseru ndi kusanza, kukomoka ndikotheka.

Matendawa amathandizidwa kuchipatala chokha. Kupanikizika kumachepetsa bwino, popanda kupsa mtima mwadzidzidzi. Mankhwala achilendo azimayi oyembekezera ndi oletsedwa. Chifukwa chake, njira zamankhwala ndizosiyana. Kusungidwa kwa mankhwala kumayambira kokha ndi kuchuluka kwambiri pa tonometer, ndi proteinuria yayikulu, yokhala ndi chiwindi chovuta komanso chidziwitso chosayesa poyesa magazi.

Amayi oyembekezera omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo - papazol kapena, mwachitsanzo, andipal, komanso okodzetsa (kanefron, furosemide, kulowetsedwa kwa tsamba la beberry).

Zizindikiro zamatsenga

Zizindikiro mu gawo lachiwiri la matenda oopsa zimavuta kuzindikira. Kukhala bwino kwa munthu kumakulirakulira, kupweteka mutu kumakulirakulira, kupweteka mumtima kumawonekera. Munthawi imeneyi, ntchito ya ziwalo zofunika: ubongo, mtima ndi impso zimasokonekera. Ngati simukufunsira kwa dokotala ndipo simuyamba kulandira chithandizo choyenera, matendawa amasamukira ku gawo lotsatira, lovuta.

Lachiwiri, ndiye kuti, pafupifupi, digiri ya matendawa imawonedwa ngati gawo labwino la matenda. Kupsinjika kwa systolic kumasinthasintha pakati pa 160 ndi 180 mm Hg, ndi kupanikizika kwa diastolic kuchokera 100 mpaka 110 mm Hg. Gawo ili la matenda oopsa limadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi yayitali kuthamanga kwa magazi poyerekeza ndi digiri yoyamba.

Tonometer samawonetsa kawirikawiri pamlingo woyenera. Zizindikiro za matenda oopsa zimawoneka zolimba komanso nthawi zambiri.

Wodwalayo amadwala mutu, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala limodzi ndi chizungulire komanso kutayika kwa malo m'malo. Kuwala kotentha kumayambitsa kutupa kwa nkhope.

Kuwonongeka kowoneka kumayendera limodzi ndi kufalikira. Nthawi zina pamakhala kutayika kwa malingaliro a zala ndi zala zakumaso.

Madokotala amatulutsa matenda oopsa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ngozi malinga ndi zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana mwa wodwala. Izi zimaganizira zinthu zomwe sizimangowonjezera thanzi la wodwalayo, komanso zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, mtima, chiwindi, impso.

• Matenda a 2nd degree, chiopsezo 2. Kuzindikira "AH wa degree yachiwiri, chiopsezo 2" kumakhazikitsidwa ngati panthawi yoyeserera wodwalayo alibe matenda opha ziwalo, palibe zolakwika mu dongosolo la endocrine, ndipo kudumphira m'magazi okha ndi komwe kumayambitsa nkhawa. Ngati wodwala ali ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti chiopsezo cha ma pathologies ena chikuwonjezeka.
• Matenda a digiri yachiwiri, chiopsezo 3. Omwenso adapangidwa ndi "AH wa digiri yachiwiri, chiopsezo 3" pakachitika kusintha kwachilengedwe kwa ntchito ya mtima ndi 20 - 30%. Nthawi zambiri, odwala oterewa amadwala matenda ashuga. Mwa zina pathologies - kuwonongeka ang'onoang'ono ziwiya ndi atherosclerotic zolembera ndi aimpso kukanika.Kuwonongeka kwa kufalikira kwa ziwalo zam'mimba molumikizana ndi mavuto onsewa kumayambitsa matenda a coronary. Matenda oopsa a digiri yachiwiri ndi chiwopsezo cha 3 pamaso pa mitundu yonseyi pamwambapa amapezeka ngakhale mwa achinyamata a zaka 35 - 40.
• Matenda a digiri yachiwiri, chiopsezo 4. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda angapo nthawi imodzi, monga matenda a mtima, atherosclerosis ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, amapezeka popanda matenda a AH a digiri yachiwiri, chiopsezo 4. Matendawa amadziwikanso pambuyo poyambira myocardial infaration. Ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti ndi gawo liti la myocardium yomwe ilipo ischemic necrosis ndipo malo owonongeka ndi ati. Munthawi zonsezi, matendawa amangokulitsa matenda omwe abweretsa kale munthu.

Hypertension 1 sign, yomwe imakhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, imatha kutsagana ndi kuwonetsa kwa zotsatirazi:

• Kutupa kumaso, makamaka mozungulira maso.
• Mitsempha yamagazi pamaso.
• Ululu kumbuyo kwa mutu.
• Kutopa kwambiri, ngakhale atagona.
• Kutupa kwa manja.
• Zimayamba kuda pamaso pa maso, ntchentche zakuda ndizotheka.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kugunda kwa mtima pazoyeserera pang'ono.
• Kukumbukira zofowoka.
• Phokoso m'mutu.
• Chisoni.
• Kuchepetsa kwamitseko.

Chithunzi cha chipatala chimatengera gawo ndi matendawo.

Mankhwala a antihypertensive

Mankhwala onse ophatikizira matenda oopsa a grade 2 ayenera kumwedwa pokhapokha ngati akuwuzani dokotala. Kupanda kutero, mankhwalawo sangakhale othandiza.

Cholumikizira chachikulu pazamankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala oopsa. Amagawika m'magulu angapo, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi zopindulitsa ndi zovuta zake, komanso contraindication. Chifukwa chake, ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito matenda oopsa zimasankhidwa payekha, poganizira zomwe wodwalayo ali nazo.

Mankhwala a antihypertensive:

1. Mankhwala okodzetsa. Amathandizira kuchepetsa kudzichepa ndikuchotsa madzi owonjezera mthupi. M'malo mwake, awa ndi ma diuretics. Odziwika kwambiri a iwo ndi thiazide, potaziyamu-yosasamala ndi loopback. Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa amaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala ena a antihypertensive kuti awonjezere kugwira ntchito kwawo.
2. ACE blockers. Thandizani ku vasodilation chifukwa cha kuletsa kwa ACE. Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa angiotensin-2 mthupi ndikuletsa njira zowonongeka za bradykinin. Fananizani ndi imodzi mwamankhwala ochepa a antihypertensive omwe amaloledwa mu mtima ndi matenda a shuga.
3. Calcium calcium chotsutsa. Pochepetsa calcium m'maselo osalala a minyewa, mankhwalawa amathandizira kupumula minofu ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Zodziwika ndi arrhythmias ndi angina pectoris. Ali ndi kuthekera kwakuyerekeza kwakukulu.
4. Angiotensin-2 blockers. Mwa kumangirira ku angiotensin-2 receptors, amachititsa kuti timadzi tambiri timeneyi tisamagwire ntchito. Chifukwa cha izi, pali vasodilation komanso kuchepa kwa mavuto.
5. Beta blockers. Letsani adrenaline. Chifukwa cha izi, palibe kuchuluka kwa kukakamizidwa. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kugona kwakanthawi.

Ndalama zowonjezera

Nthawi zina mankhwala owonjezera amaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwalawa. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndikothekanso kokha mwa chilolezo cha dokotala, chifukwa mankhwala ena amatha kusintha zomwe akuchita pamwambapa.

Zomwe mankhwala amathandizira kuti aphatikizidwe ndi matenda oopsa 2:

• Zowongolera Ubongo
• Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya cholesterol
• Mankhwala omwe amachulukitsa magazi.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi

Ndi matenda oopsa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira zakudya zoyenera. Pali maupangiri osavuta pamenepa.

Lamulo la zopatsa thanzi ku matenda oopsa:

1. Chepetsa mchere. Ndi zokometsera izi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi asungidwe.
2. Chepetsani kumwa kwanu tsiku lililonse kwa lita imodzi ndi theka patsiku. Izi ndizofunikira popewa kutupa.
3. Zakudya zamafuta ndi chakudya chokazinga ziyenera kupereka masamba abwino ndi zipatso, zinthu zamkaka, nyama zopanda mafuta. Izi zikuthandizira kuchepetsa cholesterol.
4. Nyama zakusuta, maapulo, msuzi ndi marinade ndizoletsedwa.
5. Mowa umaletsedwa kwa onse odwala matenda oopsa. Zakumwa zotere nthawi yomweyo zimayambitsa kuwonongeka.
6. Zakudya zotsekemera ndi mchere zimapangitsanso magazi. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwawo kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.
7. Khofi ndi tiyi wamphamvu sayenera kupezeka mukudya kwa matenda oopsa.

Masewera ndi moyo wamankhwala oopsa

Mu gawo lachiwiri la matenda oopsa, masewera amaloledwa. Zimathandizira kukonza mkhalidwe wamthupi ndipo mwina zimathandizira kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Pamankhwala oopsa, ndikofunikira kupereka zokonda pamasewera oyenera. Izi zitha kukhala kuthamanga, kuyenda, kusambira, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kulimbitsa thupi, yoga, kuvina. Pankhaniyi, masewera olimbitsa thupi amapindulitsanso kwambiri.

Mitundu yonse yamasewera yokhudzana ndi kukweza kulemera, kulumpha kwambiri, ndewu, etc. ndizoletsedwa kwa odwala oopsa. Komanso, ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu, masewera amasewera amatsutsana.

Kuti muthane ndi matenda oopsa, ndikofunikira kuti musangokhala ndi moyo wokangalika, komanso kupewa zinthu zoipa zakunja. Muyenera kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa, kulimbitsa dongosolo lanu lamanjenje ndikuyesera kuthana ndi kupsinjika pang'ono momwe mungathere.

Kuwonongeka kwa digiri yachiwiri ndi matenda owopsa, omwe nthawi zambiri amabweretsa imfa. Komabe, ngati mutsatira malingaliro onse a dotolo ndipo mukukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, yankho ku funso loti akukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa matenda opatsirana kwa kalasi 2 lidzakhala labwino. Zowonadi, pankhaniyi, mutha kusangalala ndi moyo kwanthawi yayitali.