Mankhwala a insulin

Pafupifupi odwala onse omwe amadalira insulin komanso odwala ambiri omwe amakhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin amathandizidwa ndi insulin. Ngati ndi kotheka, insulin ingalowe mkati / mu ndi / m, koma kwa nthawi yayitali, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa sc. Ma jakisoni a SC a insulin samabwezeretsanso katulutsidwe kathupi kamhembereyi. Choyamba, insulini imayamba kutengeka pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku minofu yaying'ono, yomwe siyikupanganso kuwonjezeka kwakukhazikika kwa kuzungulira kwa mahomoni pazakudya, kenako ndikuchepa kwa ndende. Kachiwiri, kuchokera ku minofu yolowerera, insulini simalowa m'magazi a chiwindi, koma mu kayendedwe kazinthu. Chifukwa chake, insulin siyimakhudza mwachindunji metabolism ya hepatic. Komabe, mukamayang'anitsitsa mosamala mankhwala omwe mumalandira, chithandizo chitha bwino.

Kukonzekera kwa insulin kumakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yochitapo kanthu (kuchitapo kanthu kochepa, kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuchitapo kanthu kosiyanasiyana) ndi chiyambi chosiyana (chaumunthu, bovine, nkhumba, nkhumba yosakanizidwa / nkhumba). Ma insulin a anthu, omwe amapezeka ndi njira zopangira ma genetic, tsopano akupezeka ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Porcine insulin imasiyana ndi amino acid amodzi (alanine m'malo mwa threonine pamalo 30 a B unyolo, ndiye pa C-terminus). Bovine amasiyana porcine ndi munthu ndi ena awiri amino acid (alanine ndi valine m'malo mwa threonine ndi isoleucine pamalo a 8 ndi 10 a A unyolo. Mpaka pakati pa ma 1970 kukonzekera kwa insulin kunali ndi ma proinsulin, ma glucagon-peptides, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin ndi VIP. Kenako, zimbudzi zoyeretsa kwambiri za nkhumba zimapezeka pamsika womwe unalibe zodetsa izi. Chakumapeto kwa m'ma 1970. kuyesayesa konse komwe kumayang'ana pakupezanso insulin yaumunthu.

M'zaka khumi zapitazi, insulin yaumunthu yakhala mankhwala osankhira mankhwala a shuga.

Chifukwa chosiyana pamafotokozedwe amino acid, anthu, porcine ndi ma bovine insulin sofanana muzipangidwe zawo zamankhwala. Insulin yaumunthu yomwe imapezeka ndi ma genetic engineering imasungunuka bwino m'madzi kuposa nkhumba, popeza ili ndi gulu lowonjezera la hydroxyl (monga gawo la threonine). Pafupifupi kukonzekera konse kwa insulin yaumunthu kumakhala ndi pH yosaloledwa motero amakhala osakhazikika: amatha kusungidwa kutentha kwa masiku angapo.