Cholesterolemia: gulu ndi chithandizo cha cholesterol yayikulu

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Kupatuka kwa pathological komwe tikambirane m'nkhaniyi si matenda, koma kupatuka panjira, kupatuka kwakukulu. Hypercholesterolemia poyamba sizimawoneka zowopsa, taganizani za cholesterol yayikulu ya plasma. Koma powonera nthawi yayitali zinthu ngati izi, zinthu zimangokulirakulira, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

Khodi ya ICD-10

Monga tanena kale, kudzutsidwa komwe kukufunsidwa si matenda, koma kupatuka kokha. Koma kuopsa kwa zosintha zomwe zimaphatikizidwa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi malingaliro akulu azachipani ku vutoli. Zowonadi, hypercholesterolemia m'magulu apadziko lonse lapansi ali ndi njira yawoyawo. Malinga ndi ICD 10 - hypercholesterolemia yoyera - imasungidwa monga E78.0 ndipo ndi gawo lomwe lili m'gulu la zovuta zomwe zimakhudza metaboloprotein metabolism (sub-code ndi E78).

Zoyambitsa Hypercholesterolemia

Matenda enaake a m'magazi otchedwa hypercholesterolemia ndi omwe amawonetsa kukula kwa mitsempha ya magazi mthupi lathunthu. Kusintha koteroko kumakhudza kudya kwa mtima ndi ziwalo zina zamkati, capillaries ya ubongo, malekezero apamwamba komanso otsika. Vuto lotere limayambira ndikusintha kwa matenda a atherosulinosis, omwe amakhudza gawo lililonse la thupi, monga cholimbikitsira matenda ena, owopsa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa hypercholesterolemia ndizosiyanasiyana, ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.

Munthu amatha kulandira kupatuka kumeneku kukhala cholowa, ndi kubadwa. Gwero la jini losinthika limatha kukhala amodzi komanso makolo onse. Kusintha kolakwika kwa jini kumalumikizidwa ndi kuphwanya chidziwitso choyambitsa cholesterol.
Kukula kwamatenda sikungapeweke ngati munthu agwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochulukitsa a nyama.
- Mawonetseredwe apang'onopang'ono a matendawa omwe akufunsidwa akhoza kuchitika ngati tsiku lotsatira la wodwalayo atadya zakudya zamafuta ambiri.
- Kuwonetsedwa kosalekeza kumatha kuchitika ngati mafuta ambiri ali muzakudya ndizomwe zili zofunikira pakudya kwa wodwala.
Gwero la kusayenda bwino kwamphamvu kwa thupi, kutsogoza chithunzi cha matenda omwe akuwunikiridwa, atha kukhala matenda:
- Hypothyroidism ndi mkhalidwe womwe umakula motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa vuto la kuchepa kwa mahomoni mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, chomwe chimapezeka chifukwa cha opareshoni kapena njira yotupa yopitilira.
- Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti shuga azitha kulowa m'magulu am'magazi am'mimba amachepa. Mitengo ya shuga imakhala yapamwamba kuposa 6 mmol / L yokhala ndi miyeso yofananira ya 3.3-5.5 mmol / L.
- Kusintha koyipa komwe kumakhudza chiwindi. Izi matenda amachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kutuluka kwa bile kwa chiwindi komwe amapanga. Mwachitsanzo, itha kukhala matenda a ndulu.
Kudya kwakanthawi kochepa kwamankhwala ena kumapangitsa kusintha komweko mthupi. Izi zimaphatikizapo ma immunosuppressants, mankhwala okodzetsa, oletsa beta, ndi ena ambiri.
Zoyipa zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a pathological ndizomwe zimakonzedwa pomwe odwala amawunika moyo wawo.
- Kukhala ndi moyo wongokhala, wowonetsedwa zolimbitsa thupi.
- Chakudya chopatsa thanzi.
- Kukhalapo kwa zizolowezi zoipa: Kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a chikonga.
Matenda oopsa amathamanga magazi.
Zambiri zosasinthika zimayambitsa chitukuko cha izi:
- Makamaka omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu ndi amuna achikulire kuposa zaka 45.
- Zimakulitsidwa ndi mbiri ya banja ngati m'banja la wodwala abale achibale omwe ali pafupi kwambiri (asanafike zaka 55) adapezeka atapezeka ndi matenda atherosclerosis oyambira.
Wodwalayo ali ndi mbiri yokhudzana ndi kulowetsedwa kwa myocardial, zomwe zimachitika ndikuletsa magazi kupita kudera linalake la minofu yamtima, pambuyo pake akafa.
A stroping ya ischemic chikhalidwe, yoyambitsa ma necrotic njira okhudza gawo la ubongo.

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Kodi Hypercholesterolemia amawonekera liti?

Nthawi zambiri, Hypercholesterolemia amakwiya:

Matenda a shuga
Matenda a chiwindi
Hypothyroidism,
Nephrotic Syndrome (NS),
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mwadongosolo.

Zowopsa zake ndizophatikizira:

Mtundu (SG),
Matenda oopsa
Kunenepa kwambiri, komwe nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kulakalaka kwa zakudya ndi zovuta za metabolic,
Kulephera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
Kupsinjika nthawi zonse
Zakudya zopanda thanzi, kudya kwambiri zomwe zimachulukitsa cholesterol, monga mazira okazinga m'miyendo,
Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa nthawi zonse, komwe moledzera womwewo sichimayambitsa ziwonetsero, chifukwa mulibe lipids, koma "akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi", zomwe zimafunikira.

Zotheka kuti zingapo mwa zomwe zili pamwambazi zikugwirizana, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi lanu komanso, ngati zingatheke, tengani mavuto omwe alipo.

Zizindikiro zakunja ndi zizindikiro

Pokhala chisonyezo chodziwika chomwe chimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwira ma labotale (lipidogram), hypercholesterolemia imawulula cholesterol wokwera m'magazi, chomwe chimawonetsa, chomwe, sichosintha, chifukwa chimakhala ndi lipoproteins yapamwamba komanso yotsika kwambiri. Ntchito yowunika ma labotale ndikugawa cholesterol yathunthu ndikuyigwiritsa ntchito ngati ma lipoproteins otsika kwambiri.

Muzochitika zina (zofika patali), matendawa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe akunja, malinga ndi momwe katswiri angadziwitse matenda ake moyenera. Pali zizindikiro zenizeni zomwe zikusonyeza kuti hypercholesterolemia yachiwiri kapena cholowa:

Chipilala cha coridal cholid chimawonedwa ngati umboni wa matenda oopsa ngati wodwala ali ndi zaka 50,
Xanthelasma ndizovala zazikasu zachikaso pansi pa epithelium yapamwamba, koma sizitha kuwoneka ndi maso osazindikira,
Ma Xanthomas ndi ma cholesterol a cholesterol omwe amapezeka pamwamba pa tendons.

Kuchuluka kwa chizindikirocho kumawonekera pokhapokha chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa, omwe pang'onopang'ono amakhalanso ndi vuto lalikulu komanso matenda ambiri oyanjana.

Xanthomas (kumanzere) ndi xanthelasms (pakatikati ndi kumanja) amatha kukhala ndi kusiyanasiyana kosiyanasiyana ndi kowala kowonekera. Zitsanzo zopanda vuto zimaperekedwa.

Njira Zodziwitsira

Kuzindikira koyenera komanso kodalirika kumatha kupangidwa pambuyo pa phunziroli. lipid mawonekedwe, pomwe cholesterol yathunthu imagawidwa m'magulu (othandiza komanso owopsa) ndi mawerengeredwe a kuchuluka kwa atherogenicity. Ndipo kuti mudziwe mtundu wa hypercholesterolemia, maphunziro owonjezera akhoza kutumikiridwa:

Kuwunikira kwathunthu kwa ma anamnesis (poganizira madandaulo aposachedwa okhalanso ndi moyo wabwino), ndikofunikira kudziwa malingaliro a wodwalayo pazomwe zimawonetsa kuwonetsa kwa zizindikiro zapadera (xanthomas, xanthelasms),
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa kukhalapo kwa matenda oopsa (achibale Hypercholesterolemia) ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo omwe sanaganiziridwepo kale,
Kuyendera, komwe kumaphatikizapo kukondoweza ndi kuyesa kwa magazi,
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi mkodzo kumachotsa kuthekera kwa kutupa,
Kuyesa kwakuya (biochemical) komwe kumatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa mtundu wa creatinine, shuga ndi uric acid,
Mbiri ya lipid yokhazikitsa kukhalapo kwa hyperlipidemia (lipoproteins yapamwamba),
Kusanthula kwamatenda
Kuyesedwa kowonjezereka kwamtundu wamagazi pakati pa mamembala kuti mupeze vuto la chibadwa.

Zotheka ndi zovuta

Zotsatira zosasangalatsa kwambiri za hypercholesterolemia ndi atherosulinosis - kuyikika kwa cholesterol chikhoma pamitsempha yamagazi, yomwe, ikaunjikana, imayambitsa kusintha kwa khoma, imataya kutanuka, komwe kumakhudza ntchito ya mtima wonse. Pamapeto pake, zolembera za atherosclerotic zimayambitsa kupendekera kwa chotengera ndi kuchepa kwake, komwe kumatha kubweretsa vuto la mtima kapena sitiroko.

Mkhalidwe wovuta wamavuto omwe umachitika chifukwa cha matendawa umafotokozedwa chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino kwam'magazi, chifukwa cha yomwe ischemia ya ziwalo kapena mitsempha yamagazi imayamba.

Kuperewera kwa minyewa ndikovuta kwambiri, ndipo kupangika kwake kumatsimikizika ndi kuphipha kwa chotengera. Kusokonezeka kwa mtima ndi chotumphukira cha ziwiya zazing'onoting'ono kapena zazikulu ndizodziwikiratu za zotsatirapo zake ndi matenda ena ofananirana ndi matenda.

Ngati kuyezetsa magazi kumaonetsa cholesterol yapamwamba (magazi cholesterol ndi ochepera 5.2 mmol / l kapena 200 mg / dl), ndizomveka kufufuza mawonekedwe onse a lipid. Ndipo cholesterol yathunthu ikachuluka chifukwa cha magawo “owopsa” (lipotroteins yotsika komanso yotsika kwambiri), kenako mudzayang'ananso moyo wanu, kusintha kwambiri njira yanu kuti mukhale wathanzi komanso wathanzi.

Tanthauzo la matendawa. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Hypercholesterolemia Izi ndi kuphwanya kwa magazi a lipid omwe amayenda limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi momwemo. Ndi vuto lapadera la dyslipidemia, ndipo kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ya magazi ndi chizindikiro chabe, osati matenda olekanitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, adotolo amayenera kudziwa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi hypercholesterolemia muzochitika zonsezi, ngakhale sizotheka nthawi zonse, ndipo nthawi zambiri kuwonjezeka koyenera kwa cholesterol yamagazi ndi chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yamakono "yakumadzulo".

Lipids - Izi ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, zomwe, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, sizipezeka mwa madzi ndi zosungunuka m'mazinthu okhala ndi manyowa. Odziwika otchuka kwambiri (koma osati okha) lipids ndi mafuta. Lipids imakhalanso ndi cholesterol, ma esters ake, phospholipids, ma wax ndi zinthu zina.

Kodi lipid metabolism ndi chiyani?? Izi ndi njira zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi lipid kudya kuchokera pakudya ndi mayamwidwe awo m'matumbo am'mimba, kayendedwe ka magazi, kulowa kwawo mu maselo, kusintha konse kwamphamvu kwa zinthu izi, komanso kutulutsa kwa iwo ndi mankhwala awo amthupi kuchokera m'thupi. Njira zonsezi zimaphatikizidwa kwathunthu ndi lingaliro la "kusinthana", ndipo kuphwanya zilizonse mwamagawo awa ambiri, lipid kagayidwe kachakudya, komanso vuto la cholesterol metabolism ndi imodzi mwazosiyanasiyana zamatenda oterewa, koma mwina zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri.

Zoyambilira ziwiri zazikulu za hypercholesterolemia - kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi ndi mawonekedwe amtundu / zonyansa. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda ena (mwachitsanzo, shuga mellitus, hypothyroidism, glomerulonephritis) amayenda limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ndende ya magazi. Kumwa mankhwala angapo (glucocorticoids, kulera kwa mahomoni, beta-blockers) kungayambitsenso hypercholesterolemia.

Zakhazikitsidwa kuti ndizoyenereradi zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe zakhala zodziwika bwino mwa anthu ambiri omwe ali mkati mwa dongosolo lotchedwa "Western life" pazaka zana zapitazi zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta za cholesterol metabolism, makamaka kuphatikiza kusayenda bwino ndi kusuta. Makamaka, izi ndizakudya zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu, ndizambiri zamafuta, mafuta amkaka, mafuta omalizidwa, katundu wophika, margarine, mafuta a kanjedza, maswiti, confectionery ndi mosemphanitsa, kuchepa kwa ntchito zamasamba, zipatso, nyemba, tirigu wonse.

Zizindikiro za Hypercholesterolemia

Chowoneka champhamvu cha hypercholesterolemia chimakhala chakuti kwa zaka zambiri sichimadziwonetsera chilichonse, ndipo munthu amatha kumva bwino. Kuphwanya kungadziwike pokhapokha pakusintha kwa magazi pamagazi - nthawi zambiri amatsimikiziridwa ndi ma cholesterol okwanira, otsika osalimba lipoprotein cholesterol, kuchuluka kachulukidwe lipoprotein cholesterol ndi triglycerides.

Mwa mawonetseredwe otheka a hypercholesterolemia atchedwa:

mapangidwe a atherosrance
xanthelasma - chikasu pang'onopang'ono pakhungu la eyel,

xanthomas - masamba achikasu kapena malalanje a lipids / cholesterol pakhungu kapena tendons, nthawi zambiri Achilles, omwe amachititsa kukula kwa tendons,

Chipilala chachikulu cha cornea, chomwe ndi chofunikira kwambiri poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zosakwana 45 ndipo ndi wozungulira kapena wozungulira kuzungulira kuzungulira kwa khungu.

ZOFUNIKIRA: kusowa kwa xanthomas ndi xanthelasm sizitanthauza kuti palibe matenda, kapena kuti kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndizabwinobwino.

The pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia

Pa njira zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mayamwidwe, kusuntha, kusinthika kwa mankhwala ndi cholesterol excretion, ambiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi omwe amachititsa. Pankhani ya "kusweka" (masinthidwe) a jini linalake, kuphwanya kumachitika pakulumikizana kwa "kontrakitala wa mankhwala" uyu.

Mwachitsanzo, ma lipoproteins otsika kwambiri amasamutsa cholesterol ndi ma komputa ake (ma esters) okhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo a polyunsaturated (kuphatikizapo omega-3s omwe amadziwika bwino) ku maselo omwe amafunikira zinthu izi. Pofuna kuyamwa ma lipoprotein otsika kwambiri kuchokera m'magazi pamodzi ndi zinthu zomwe zili mmenemo, maselo amafotokoza "misampha" yachilendo pamasamba awo. Ngati cholandacho chimangirira pamalo ena pamtunda wa lipoprotein malinga ndi mfundo ya "key-loko", ndiye kuti tinthuti timalanda foni ndikulowamo, ndipo ma lipids omwe amapezeka mu lipoprotein amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi foni pazosowa zawo.

Zikatero, kulumikizana uku, mwa kufananiza ndi "fungulo-loko", ndikuphwanyidwa, kuthamanga ndi kuyamwa kwa ma cell a lipoprotein kumachepetsedwa, ndipo cholesterol chamagazi mokwanira chikuwonjezeka. Kuphwanya kotereku kumatha kuchitika, mwachitsanzo, ndi kupunduka kwachilengedwe mu cholandilira lipoproteins yotsika. Vutoli limapezeka pamaso pa majini omwe amasinthika, omwe, nawonso, amakhala ndi chilema ichocho.

Mtundu wa pathological ungathe kusamutsidwa kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana kwa mibadwo yambiri. Chifukwa chake, matenda oterewa amatchedwa achibale hypercholesterolemia. Nthawi yomweyo, zigawo zambiri za lipoprotein zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol zimayenda m'magazi, ndipo patapita nthawi zimadzunjikira khoma lamitsempha yama mitsempha, zimapangitsa kukulira kwa mapangidwe a atherosselotic.

Fameral hypercholesterolemia sichokhacho komanso chosiyana kwambiri ndi zovuta za cholesterol metabolism. Nthawi zambiri, mavuto a cholesterol metabolism amabwera chifukwa cha zochita za moyo: kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kusuta fodya, komanso kusachita bwino.Mwachitsanzo, kumwa kwambiri zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta omwe amadzazidwa ndi mafuta ambiri komanso mafuta a trans (omwe amapezeka mu nyama yamafuta, mkaka, margarine, mafuta a kanjedza ndi zinthu zina), zimabweretsa mapangidwe a ziwalo za lipoprotein zomwe thupi limavuta "kugwiritsa ntchito" pochita kusintha kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zake, zimazungulira kwanthawi yayitali m'magazi ndipo pamapeto pake zimakhazikika mu khoma lamitsempha, ndikupereka chitukuko cha malo atherosselotic (ichi ndi chiwonetsero chosavuta cha njirayi).

Kusuta, glucose wambiri, matenda osachiritsika - zonsezi zimayambitsa kusintha kwamankhwala mu lipoprotein tinthu tating'onoting'ono, chifukwa chomwe sichimayamwa bwino ndi maselo omwe amawafunikira ndipo titha kuwazindikira ndi thupi ngati zinthu zakunja.

Gulu ndi magawo a chitukuko cha hypercholesterolemia

Kugawika kwa lipid metabolism kusokonezeka sikungakhale kothandiza kwa wodwalayo, chifukwa amapangidwa makamaka poganizira zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magawo azikhala ndi magazi.

Pakuyerekeza koyamba, ndikofunikira kugawa onse dyslipidemia mu:

hypercholesterolemia - kuchuluka kwa magazi a cholesterol okwanira ndi cholesterol otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins ("cholesterol yoyipa"),
hypertriglyceridemia - kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta a triglycerides (magazi), omwe, pomwepo, sapezeka m'magazi pawokha, koma makamaka pakupanga lipoproteins ochepa.

Hypercholesterolemia kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matenda ogwirizana ndi atherosulinosis. Ngati kuchuluka kwa osalimba a lipoprotein cholesterol ("cholesterol yabwino") yafupika - osachepera 1.0 mmol / l mwa amuna komanso ochepera 1.2 mmol / l mwa akazi - izi ndizoyipa, chifukwa zimathandizira kukula kwa atherossteosis.

Zowopsa hypertriglyceridemia onenepa ndi kukula kwa kapamba a pachimake (kutupa ndi kuwonongeka kwa kapamba), ndipo Hypertriglyceridemia wabwino imathandizira kukula kwa atherosulinosis.

Mavuto a Hypercholesterolemia

Ngati kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yamagazi kumapitirira kwa nthawi yayitali (tikulankhula za milingo ya nthawi ngati zaka), makamaka ngati zinthu zina zovuta, monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, kusuta, matenda a shuga, kuchita motsatana, kenako atherosulinotic zolembera zam'madzi zomwe zimachepetsa lumen wawo, ndipo nthawi zina zimatseka zonyalazo.

Chingwecho chingakhale chocheperako, koma ngati umphumphu wake uphwanyidwa, ndiye kuti kulumikizidwa kwa mkati mwa cholendacho ndi magazi kumayambitsa kupanga kwapompopompo kwambiri kwa magazi pamalo ano, ndikuwunika kwa chotchacho kungatsekedwe kwathunthu patangopita mphindi. Pankhaniyi, mlanduwo ungayambitse kuphwanya kwa mtima (ngati chimodzi mwa ziwiya zothandizira mtima wotsekedwa) kapena kugunda (ngati zotengera zilizonse zobweretsa bongo zakhudzidwa).

Nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika: kutuluka kwa magazi m'ziwalo zina:

angina pectoris - yowonetsedwa ndi zowawa / kusapeza chifuwa panthawi yolimbitsa thupi (poyenda kapena kuthamanga),
atherosclerosis obliterans ya mitsempha yam'munsi yam'munsi - yowonetsedwa ndi zowawa / kuwotcha kapena kutopa msanga kwa minofu ya mwendo mukamayenda.

Matenda a hypercholesterolemia

Kuunika kosinthika kwa magawo amomwe am'magazi a magazi omwe amakhala ndi lipid metabolism ndiye njira yodziwira matenda a lipid metabolism ndi cholesterol metabolism ngati mlandu wapadera wa dyslipidemia. Nthawi zambiri, zisonyezo zinayi zimawunikidwa:

cholesterol yathunthu
kachulukidwe lipoprotein cholesterol,
highensene lipoprotein cholesterol,
triglycerides.

Mu "cholesterol yathunthu"apa tikudziwa za kuchuluka kwake, pomwe cholesterol yonseyi ili m'magazi imagawidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana - kachulukidwe kakang'ono, lipoprotein yapamwamba komanso ena ambiri.

Kuti achepetse zinthu pang'ono, madokotala amati cholesterol yomwe ili mu lipoproteins yotsika kwambiri "ndiyabwino," ndipo yomwe imapezeka m'mankhwala apamwamba a lipoprotein ndi "yabwino." Kafotokozedwe kameneka kofananira ka ana ndi chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kosasimbika kwa lipoproteins m'magazi kumalumikizidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa atherosulinosis (mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa zolembedwa zamatherosselotic m'matumbo), komanso kupsinjika kwa lipoprotein, m'malo mwake, kumalepheretsa izi.

Ndizosatheka kudziwa mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa lipoprotein mu labothemic yachilengedwe, chifukwa chake kuyendetsedwa kwawo kumaweruzidwa mosawerengeka ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi omwe amapezeka m'chigawo china cha lipoproteins.

Monga mbali yoyeserera kuchipatala, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'mwazi kumatsimikiziridwa mwa anthu onse akuluakulu. Ngati ikukweza (zoposa 5 mmol / l kwa anthu omwe alibe matenda a mtima), ndizomveka kuyeza kutsika kwa cholesterol "choyipa" ndi "chabwino", komanso triglycerides. Popeza talandira chithunzi chathunthu cha magazi a lipid, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotheka kudziwa mtundu wamatenda a lipid metabolic omwe munthu ali nawo. Izi ndizomwe zimapereka mtundu wa mankhwala omwe dokotala adzalembera.

Komabe, dotolo wabwino samazindikira komanso kuyesa mayeso amomwe amachititsa, koma munthuyo kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, chinthu chachikulu chomwe dokotala akuyenera kuwunika mu odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la lipid metabolism ndi chiopsezo cha zovuta zamtima, monga matenda amisempha, sitiroko, kufa chifukwa cha mtima, kukula kwa angina pectoris, ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi pancreatitis yovuta, yomwe imachulukana kwambiri triglyceride woipa woposa 10 mmol / l. Chifukwa chake, adotolo amatenga zifukwa zofunika kwambiri zachitukuko cha atherosulinosis: zaka, kusuta, kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda ashuga ndi ena. Makala apadera ndi zowerengera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera zoopsa.

Dokotala amawunika wodwalayo, kulabadira, pakati, pakhungu ndi ma tendon (pakhoza kukhala ndi ma lipids pamlingo wawo wapamwamba kwambiri m'magazi), mkhalidwe wamaso a m'maso (chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa lipids, mawonekedwe a arc amatha kuwoneka m'mphepete mwa ziphuphu).

Nthawi zina kusaka zolembedwa za atherosulinotic mu ziwiya zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri pazomwe sizingawonongeke (zosagwirizana ndi kuphwanya umphumphu wa khungu ndi mucous membranes) zimachitika - m'mitsempha yama carotid, omwe amayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound.

Ngati, potengera kusanthula kwa chithunzi chonse cha matenda, pali chifukwa chokayikira zotupa za ziwalo zina (mtima, ubongo, malekezero, impso) ndiye kuti maphunziro oyenera amachitidwa kuti atsimikizire kupezeka kwa chotupa chotere.

Hypercholesterolemia Chithandizo

Chovuta chachikulu pa matenda a hypercholesterolemia - pewani zovuta zazikulu, kapena muchepetse kuwopsa kwawo. Izi zimatheka kudzera mu cholinga chapakati - kukonza cholesterol m'magazi, komanso kupezeka ndi zinthu zina zodziwika za chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis.

Ndi matenda a cholesterol m'magazi ndi kukonzanso kwakanthawi kwa ndende yake, pamakhala kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono pachiwopsezo cha matenda a myocardial infarction, kufa chifukwa cha mtima. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale cholesterol yambiri m'magazi (choyambirira, "choyipa") kwa nthawi yayitali, mothekera - kwa moyo.

Zachidziwikire, nthawi zambiri, kusintha njira yokhayo sikokwanira izi, makamaka chifukwa ndi anthu ochepa omwe amatha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi kwanthawi yayitali - ziyeso zochulukirapo zikugona.

Pokhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta zamtima, mankhwala omwe amachepetsa cholesterol "yoyipa" ayenera kulembedwa, ngakhale wodwala atasintha bwanji.

Pakadali pano, mu mtima, lingaliro la "cholesterol yabwinobwino"M'malo mwake, gwiritsani ntchito mawu oti"cholesterol yoyenera", ndi zomwe zidzakhale, zimatengera chiopsezo chonse cha mtima. Kutengera ndi zomwe zimapezeka pa wodwalayo, adokotala amawerengera za ngozi:

Ngati chiwopsezo ndichokwera kwambiri (ndipo izi, mwachitsanzo, odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima kapena omwe ali ndi vuto la ischemic stroke, matenda ashuga, ndi magulu ena angapo) ndiye kuti cholesterol yoyenera "ingakhale yotsika ndi 1,8 mmol / l
Ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu (ngati wodwalayo sanakhale ndi vuto la mtima wamatenda, koma ali ndi zinthu zingapo zowopsa, mwachitsanzo, munthu wosuta yemwe ali ndi vuto la zaka 50 wokhala ndi cholesterol ya 6 mmol / l adzakhala ndi chiwopsezo chamtima kwambiri), mtengo wokwanira wa " cholesterol yoyipa idzakhala yochepera 2.6 mmol / l.
Kwa wina aliyense yemwe alibe chiopsezo cha mtima kwambiri kapena champhamvu kwambiri, cholesterol yolondola yotsika lipoproteins ("yoyipa" cholesterol) ikhale yochepera 3.0 mmol / L.

Ngati pali "chibadwa" chosokoneza bongo kumbuyo kwa hypercholesterolemia, ndiye kuti kusintha kwa moyo (kudya, kuyendetsa galimoto, kusuta) kumangowongolera kuyamwa kwa magazi mpaka pang'ono, motero, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe mumalandira.

Ndi kusintha kwanji kwa moyo komwe kumatsitsa cholesterol ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima?

Choyamba, ndi:

kuchepetsa kudya zakudya monga nyama yamafuta, mafuta amkaka, mafuta omata komanso maswiti,
kusiyiratu kusuta,
Kuchepetsa thupi zosachepera 10% zoyambirira, ngati kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri.
kuwonjezeka kwa zolimbitsa thupi - kuchita zolimbitsa thupi moyenera osachepera 4-5 pa sabata kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 40, zomwe zimafunikira kuyesetsa (mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga, kupalasa njinga, masewera akunja, kusambira ndi zina zambiri), komanso ntchito zapakhomo pankhaniyi osawoneka ngati olimbitsa thupi.

Zonsezi sizimangowongolera kuphatikizika kwa magazi a lipid, komanso zimathandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda amtima wokhudzana ndi atherosulinosis (myocardial infarction, stroke, angina pectoris ndi ena).

Mankhwala

Mankhwala akuluakulu ochepetsa cholesterol ndi chiopsezo cha mtima ndi misempha. Ma statins oyamba adapezeka, ngati mankhwala oyamba, kuchokera ku chikhalidwe chakuumba. Mibadwo yotsatira ya statins idawonekera chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala.

Madera - Mwina mankhwala ophunziridwa bwino kwambiri m'mbiri ya zamankhwala komanso nthawi imodzi aliwonse otetezeka. Gulu la mankhwalawa limalepheretsa kaphatikizidwe ka cholesterol m'chiwindi (inde, mafuta ambiri a cholesterol amapangidwa mkati mwathu, koma osati kunja). Chiwindi, chofunikira cholesterol, makamaka cha kapangidwe ka bile acid, chimayamba kugwira mafuta ambiri m'magazi monga mbali ya lipoproteins yotsika, chifukwa, pang'onopang'ono, mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri, kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi kumachepa ndipo kumatha kuchepera 50% kuchokera pamlingo wapitawu wokhala ndi mlingo wokwanira wa statin. Zotsatira za kafukufuku wazachipatala zambiri zomwe zimachitika ndikulandila kwa odwala masauzande ambiri motsimikiza zimawonetsa kuthekera kwa gulu lino la mankhwalawa kuti asangochepetsa cholesterol yamagazi, koma, koposa zonse, kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chokhala ndi myocardial infarction ndi stroke, ndipo koposa zonse, kukulitsa chiyembekezo cha odwala ndi matenda amtima (makamaka amene adadwala matenda amisempha, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtima).

Mothandizidwa ndi intravascular ultrasound, kuthekera kwa ma statins kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi kwa zaka zosachepera ziwiri kuyimitsa kukula kwa atherosulinosis komanso kuchepetsa kukula kwa zolembedwa za atherosranceotic kunatsimikiziridwa.

Ndikofunikira kuti ngati pali zisonyezo zakumwa kwawo, chithandizo cha statin chikuyenera kuchitika mu Mlingo wokwanira komanso kwa nthawi yayitali - kwa zaka zingapo. Mlingo wamba mu zamtima zamakono ndi 40-80 mg atorvastatin ndi 20-40 mg rosuvastatin. Awa ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri amakono a gululi.

Mtengo Wagolide ndi mankhwala oyamba amakampani otukuka - Krestor (rosuvastatin kuchokera ku AstraZeneca) ndi Liprimar (atorvastatin kuchokera ku Pfizer). Kukonzekera kwa statin komwe kumakhala ndi rosuvastatin kapena atorvastatin ndikutulutsa (ma genetic) ndipo kuyenera kufanananso ndimankhwala oyambirirawo mukuyesa kuchipatala. Ma jenetiki ambiri alibe umboni wotere wogwira ntchito ndi chitetezo, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo nthawi zina kumakhala kovuta. Ubwino wa zamagetsi ndi mtengo wawo wotsika.

Mankhwala ena omwe amatsitsa cholesterol "yoyipa" m'magazi ndi ezetimibe. Imalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa cholesterol m'matumbo a lumen ndipo nthawi zambiri imayikidwa kuwonjezera ma statins ngati salola kuti monotherapy ikwaniritse kuchuluka kwa cholesterol. Zokha, ezetimibe ingachepetse cholesterol "yoyipa" mwa 15−20% yoyambirira, i.e. otsika kwa ma statins pankhaniyi.

Gulu latsopanoli la mankhwala omwe aposa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndi omwe amatchedwa coumaba, omwe ndi ma antibodies kumapuloteni oyang'anira omwe amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe a cholesterol m'magazi. Zowona, mankhwalawa ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri (chithandizo chimafuna ma ruble 30-40,000 pamwezi). Koma pali zochitika zina pamene kuli kofunikira kupulumutsa moyo, apo ayi mwina wodwalayo sangapulumutse zaka zisanu zotsatira chifukwa cha kulowerera kwa myocardial kapena stroko. Kuphatikiza apo, gulu latsopanoli la mankhwalawa limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza odwala omwe ali ndi hypercholesterolemia milandu, pomwe, ndi Mlingo wambiri wa ma statins osakanikirana ndi ezetimibe, cholesterol mlingo akadali kutali kwambiri ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri.

Ziwonetsero Kupewa

Mwambiri, titha kunena kuti kutsika kwa cholesterol m'magazi, ndibwino. Mwa ana obadwa kumene komanso mwa nyama zambiri zoyamwitsa, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yoyipa" m'magazi ndi 0.5-1.0 mmol / L. Chifukwa chake, musawope "cholesterol yotsika kwambiri."

Ngati palibe matenda amtima ogwirizana ndi atherosulinosis, ndiye kuti mutha kuwunika za matendawa ndikuwunika zoopsa pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yowerengera ya SCORE yomwe imaganizira zoopsa monga magazi a cholesterol, jenda, zaka, kusuta, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, monga wodwala. Makina owerengera amapatsa chiyembekezo cha kufa chifukwa cha matenda amtima pazaka 10 zikubwerazi.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti chiopsezo cha zovuta zopanda matenda (kukula kwa infarction ya myocardial kapena sitiroko, ngati sizinatsogoze kuimfa, komanso angina pectoris ndi matenda ena) ndizokwera pafupifupi katatu kuposa phindu la kufa komwe kwawonetsedwa ndi chowerengera cha SCORE (ndikosavuta wopezeka pa intaneti).

Ngati mothandizidwa ndi chowerengera chomwe mwalandira ≥ 5%, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo ndi chambiri kapena chokwera kwambiri, ndipo njira zowonjezereka zimafunikira kuti muchepetse kusintha moyo wanu ndipo mwina, mutamwa mankhwala enaake (ambiri, ma statins ndi / kapena mankhwala ochizira matenda oopsa).

Chifukwa chake, hypercholesterolemia imakhala yoopsa ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda amtima komanso mavuto, makamaka ngati aphatikizidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, kusuta, kusayenda bwino komanso matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo cha wodwala choterechi sichikutanthauza kungochotsa cholesterol, komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri chiwopsezo cha mtima chifukwa chazovuta zina zonse za chiphunzitso chosavomerezeka chomwe chatchulidwa pamwambapa.

Zomwe zimapatsa thanzi mu hypercholesterolemia

Zakudya za hypercholesterolemia adapangidwa kuti azikhala ndi anti-sclerotic, pochotsa cholesterol yowonjezera mthupi ndi mankhwala ena ake.

Malamulo onse azakudya amayenera kuteteza kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kukhala ndi zizolowezi zabwino za kudya.

Mfundo zopatsa thanzi la hypercholesterolemia:

Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta muzakudya zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kupatula pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kwa mankhwala a cholesterol apamwamba.
Kuchepetsa kudya zamafuta onse okwanira mafuta.
Kuwonjezeka kwa gawo la mafuta achilengedwe a polyunsaturated mu zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kudya kwa ochulukirapo (zovuta) zopatsa mphamvu komanso CHIKWANGWANI.
Chepetsa kuchuluka kwa mchere - osaposa magalamu 3-4 patsiku.
Kusintha mafuta a nyama ndi mafuta azomera.

Zakudya zam'madzi, zinthu zofunikira ndi mavitamini ayenera kupanga maziko azakudya kuti muchepetse mafuta m'thupi. Koma njirayi ndi yayitali, ndipo dongosolo lazakudya liyenera kutsatira miyezi yambiri. Akatswiri azakudya ndi madokotala amalimbikitsa zakudya ndi mbale zingapo kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino.

Kodi kupanga zakudya kuchokera?

Pakati pazinthu zothandiza zomwe mungapereke padera nsomba, popeza mitundu yamafuta kwambiri yake imangopindulitsa, koma kudya mafuta ochepa kumayenera kuyamba kokha mutakambirana ndi dokotala.

Nyama kuphika, ndibwino kusankha konda, apo ayi ndikofunikira kudula mafuta osanjikiza. Fillet ndi tenderloin amatengedwa ngati malo oyenera kwambiri pazakudya zamankhwala. Soseji, soseji ndi zinthu zofananira ziziyenera kupatula kwathunthu kuchokera kumenyu.

Pafupifupi zonse zopangidwa mkaka sizikulimbikitsidwaochepa mkaka wocheperako ndizovomerezeka.

Zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa cholesterol yamagazi, nthawi zina, zimatha kuyambitsa kulemera kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo mtedza, omwe, ngakhale amawerengedwa kuti ndi othandiza pantchito yolimbana ndi cholesterol plaques, adakali okwera kwambiri pama calorie. Tiyi wobiriwira amathandizanso kuyeretsa mitsempha yamagazi, koma osatsogolera pakuwonjezeka kwa thupi.

Osamagwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zoledzeretsa mukamadya, chifukwa ngakhale hypercholesterolemia (magazi cholesterol siopitilira 6.5 mmol / l kapena 300 mg / dl) imafunika kutsatira mankhwala omwe amaletsedwa ndi mowa. Amakhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa mowa patsiku sikuyenera kupitirira 20 ml. Mu matenda a mtima ndi kuzungulira kwa dongosolo, mowa sayenera kumwedwa motere.

Nthambi ndi ufa wowuma M'madongosolo azakudya, ufa wa premium umasinthidwa kwathunthu, ndipo lamulo ili likuyenera kutsogozedwa ndi kusankha kwa ophika buledi. Zolemba za batala, ma cookie ndi maswiti ena sizikulimbikitsidwa, popeza maziko a maphikidwe ambiri ndi katundu wapamwamba wa cholesterol.

Mphesa ndi mbewu - chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakudya, madokotala ndi akatswiri azakudya zanyengo amalola kukonzekera chimanga ndi mkaka wowoneka bwino.

CHIKWANGWANI chamasamba ndi zipatso ndiye mzati wachitatu wa chakudya, popeza thunthu limagwira ntchito ya m'mimba, lili ndi ma microelements ambiri ndipo limathandizira kuyeretsa mitsempha ya magazi pochotsa mafuta m'thupi.

Mitundu yonse ndi mitundu ya hypercholesterolemia yomwe ili pamwambapa ilibe zakudya. Kugwirizana kwa mbale ndi chakudya chamagulu azakudya ndizofanana, monga njira zamapangidwe azakudya.

Bola kusaka, komanso kuphika, kuwotcha kapena kuphika zinthu zilizonse. Pamavuto amalemera, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuyang'anira mndandanda wa mbale wa glycemic.

Njira zochizira zodziwika bwino

Zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a hypocholesterolemia:

Kuchepetsa thupi
Kugawika kwa zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino (kusankhidwa kwa pologalamuyo, poganizira matenda onse okhala ndi kuuma kwawo),
Matenda amasinthasintha zakudya, kuwongolera mosamalitsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zikubwera molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu (kukanidwa kwamafuta ndi yokazinga, kusintha mapuloteni amafuta ndi osapatsa mphamvu kwenikweni, ndikuwonjezera gawo lililonse la zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba),
Kukana kumwa mowa (kumathandizira kuchepetsa kulemera, uric acid metabolism imasintha, mwayi wokhala ndi zotsatirapo zamankhwala umachepa),
Kuletsa kusuta (kumakuthandizani kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, kuchuluka kwa zinthu za gulu la antiatherogenic),

Ezetimibe ndi zina zotero

Gululi liyenera kupewa kuyamwa kwa cholesterol m'matumbo, koma limangokhala ndi gawo limodzi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti 20% yokha ya cholesterol yomwe imachokera pazakudya, zina zonse zimapangidwa mu minyewa ya chiwindi.

Cholic Acid Sequestrants

Gulu lazinthu izi zimathandizira kuchotsa cholesterol, yomwe ndi gawo la mafuta acids. Zotsatira zoyipa zakayendetsedwe zimakhudzana makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa kugaya chakudya, koma masamba amathandizanso amakhudzidwa.

Zochita za mankhwalawa zimapangidwa kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa triglycerides pamene mukuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins yapamwamba.

Zithandizo za anthu

Mankhwala achikhalidwe amakhalanso okonzeka kuthandizapo, ndipo chithandizo chamankhwala azikhalidwe chimapangidwa kuti muchepetse cholesterol yamagazi. Ngati njirayi ingathandizire kulimbana ndi mawonekedwe omwe apezeka ndi matendawa, ndiye kuti kusinthika kwa majini, mitundu yonse ya mankhwala osakanikirana ndi mapangidwe ake sizingakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino. Komabe Kulandila kwa wowerengeka azitsamba kutha kuchitika pokhapokha atagwirizana ndi dokotala.Zitsanzo za maphikidwe oyenera zimapezeka pazomwe zimayeretsa magazi m'mafuta a cholesterol.

Cholesterolemia: gulu ndi chithandizo cha cholesterol yayikulu

Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
Zimabwezeretsa kupanga kwa insulin

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino Aterol kutsitsa cholesterol. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Cholesterolemia amatanthauza cholesterol yathunthu m'magazi a munthu.

Komanso, liwuli lingatanthauze kupatuka panjira, nthawi zambiri amatanthauza matenda. Nthawi zina mawuwa amangotanthauza kuopsa kwa matenda.

Kwa zodabwitsazi monga cholesterolemia, adagawa nambala E 78 malinga ndi gulu la matenda padziko lonse lapansi. Kugawidwa kotereku kumatanthauza kusokonezeka kwa lipid metabolism, dongosolo la endocrine.

Cholesterol, ngakhale ndi chinthu chofunikira, koma kuchuluka kwake kapena kuchepa kwake kungayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana.

Amatha kukopa:

magwiridwe antchito a mahomoni ndi kupanga kwawo popanda zolephera,
kuteteza maselo a ma cell, popeza ndi antioxidant wamphamvu,
kukondoweza kwa vitamini D,
chimbudzi chonse ndi mayamwa a mafuta onse ofunikira.

Chodabwitsa cha kuchuluka kwa cholesterol chingayambitse ma pathologies awiri. - hypercholesterolemia ndi hypocholesterolemia. Amakhudzidwa makamaka ndi achikulire, chifukwa chakuti zifukwa zambiri zimapezeka.

Hypercholesterolemia imagwirizanitsidwa ndi cholesterol yamwazi yokwezeka. Ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtima. Sizitanthauza kuti palokha patokha, koma matenda angapo ophatikizika ndi muyeso wokwanira wa chinthucho.

Hypocholesterolemia imawonedwa m'matenda osiyanasiyana ndipo amadziwika ndi kusowa kwa cholesterol yathunthu. Ndi chosowa kwambiri, chimawonedwa ndimatenda a genitourinary thirakiti, matenda a chiwindi, colitis, matenda ammimba komanso mavuto akudya.

Kuti muzindikire izi, muyenera kudziwa chilichonse chokhudza zizindikiro ndi njira zopewera.

Amayambitsa Cholesterolemia

Nthawi zambiri, cholesterolemia imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwamapulidi.

Chifukwa chakuti kuphwanya kotero sikuchitika.

Izi zimafunikira mikhalidwe yomwe ili yabwino pakuphatikizidwa kwa cholesterol.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

Mitundu yokhala ndi vuto la lipid.
Matenda a metabolism.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zovulaza komanso moyo wolakwika.
Kuchulukitsa thupi.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali ku kupsinjika ndi kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro.
Anthu azaka 60+.
Zakudya zowonjezera, zamafuta m'zakudya.
Mowa.
Kulephera kuchita zolimbitsa thupi, kukhala pansi.

Kuphatikiza pa zinthu ngati izi, munthu amatha kuwona chizolowezi cha cholesterol chachikulu mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena.

Iwo okha amasungunuka ndi choyambitsa chomwe chimayamba njira yodzikundikira mafuta. Awa ndi matenda omwe timakumana nawo nthawi zambiri omwe amachititsa izi. Izi zimaphatikizapo matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, chiwindi ndi matenda a impso, mkodzo wa chithokomiro, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa nthawi yayitali.

Izi zimakhudza osati kokha pamlingo wa lipids, komanso zomwe zimayambitsa matenda oopsa.

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo za cholesterol yotsika. Popeza cholesterol imakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa chamoyo chonse, kuperewera kwake kungayambitsenso ma pathologies angapo. Ndi cholesterol yotsika, kusagwira bwino ntchito mthupi lonse kumachitika.

Mwambiri, izi zimatha kuyambitsa:

Kuphwanya maziko a mahomoni, zomwe zingayambitse kusakhazikika mu ndege zamagetsi.
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mahomoni ogonana, kubereka, kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana kumatha kuchitika.
Mavitamini osakwanira.
Zodandaula.
Matenda a shuga.
Cerebral hemorrhage ndi kupasuka kwa mitsempha.

Kutengera izi, titha kunena kuti sitiroko limapezeka nthawi zambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi hypocholesterolemia. Zofananazi zitha kunenedwa za mayiko ovuta. Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri adazindikira kuti anthu otere amakonda khansa ya chiwindi, omwe amakonda kwambiri uchidakwa komanso amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Zoyambitsa Low Cholesterol:

matenda a chiwindi
kuperewera kwa chakudya, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njala,
kupsinjika kwamalingaliro nthawi zonse,
cholowa.

Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi matenda kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa cholesterol.

Zizindikiro za Kusokonekera kwa Cholesterolemia

Ngati singadziwike munthawi yake ndipo chithandizo sichinayambike, matenda ena akulu amatha. Ikhozanso kukhala chifukwa chachitukuko.

Kuti muwonetsetse thanzi lanu nthawi zonse, muyenera kumayesedwa pafupipafupi.

Kuti muzindikire kuphwanya kumayambiriro koyambirira, muyenera kumvetsera thupi lanu.

Kwa milingo yayitali ya cholesterol yoyipa, zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndizodziwika:

Kusokonezeka kwa vuto la mtima.
Kusasangalala, kapena kupweteka pachifuwa.
Chizungulire pafupipafupi.
Kusintha khungu.
Kuchuluka kwa miyendo ndi kumva kupweteka pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Ndi chovala chamagazi, mutha kudwala lameness mukamayenda.

Izi matenda ndi ofanana muzochitika matenda amtima. Izi sizomwe zimachitika mwangozi, chifukwa cholesterol ndiyomwe imayambitsa chitukuko chawo. Zizindikiro zoyipa zitha kuonedwa ngati matendawa akukhudza thupi kwanthawi yayitali. Kudziwa kukhalapo kwa matendawa payokha ndizovuta, osalumikiza kuthekera kwa chitukuko chake ndi zinthu zosakhudzana ndi zakudya komanso moyo. Kuzindikira koyenera kumatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi katswiri pambuyo pa njira zingapo zodziwira matenda.

Palibe zizindikiro zochuluka za kuchepa kwa cholesterol. Onsewa ndi osalunjika ndipo akuwonetsa kuphwanya kwakukulu. Amadziwonetsa pomwe thupi lifunika chithandizo chamankhwala champhamvu. Zizindikiro zina zitha kuwoneka ngati:

kutopa pambuyo pa katundu wolemera,
kuchuluka kwa maimidwe amitsempha,
kupsinjika kwanthawi yayitali ndi kupsa mtima,
yafupika libido
kusasamala kwa mahomoni,
zovuta m'mimba.

Chilichonse mwazinthuzi chimatha kukhala ndi chiyambi chosiyana, chosagwirizana konse ndi hypocholesterolemia. Mulimonsemo, ngati pali zizindikiro zingapo, muyenera kufunsa dokotala, chifukwa matendawo amafunikira chithandizo.

Matenda am'mimba

Kuti timvetsetse zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zomwe zikuwoneka ndi kuwongolera kwa matenda enaake, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino magwiritsidwe amomwe masinthidwe omwe ali osiyana ndi chizolowezi. The biochemistry ya hypercholesterolemia ndi vuto lomwe limakhudza kagayidwe ka lipid metabolism.

Zophatikiza zamafuta zamagulu osiyanasiyana zimakhala m'thupi la munthu ndi chakudya: kapangidwe kovuta ka lipid, glycerol esters, cholesterol yaulere, triacylglycerides ndi ena.

Chakudya chikamalowa m'mimba, thupi limayamba kukonza. Chakudyacho "chimapangidwa" kukhala chiwalo, chilichonse chimapangidwa ndi enzyme inayake. Kuwonongeka kwamafuta kumachitika. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu uliwonse wamapangidwe amafuta amakonzedwa ndi ma enzyme awo. Mwachitsanzo, triacylglycerides mothandizidwa ndi biocatalysts a chiwindi ndi kapamba (bile ndi pancreatic acid) amawonongeka m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Momwemonso zimachitika ndi ma lipids ena.

Cholesterol yaulere imasinthidwa popanda kusinthidwa, pomwe zina zake, zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri, zimasinthidwa. Pambuyo pokhapokha ngati izi zachitika ndi adsoction mwa enterocytes, maselo omwe amapanga mucosa yamatumbo ang'ono.

M'maselo amenewa, mafuta amapitilanso kusinthidwa, amasintha kukhala mitundu yoyenera kunyamula, yomwe ili ndi dzina lawo - chylomicrons. Amayimiridwa ndi dontho lamafuta lama microscopic, okhala ndi zokutira ngati chipolopolo chocheperako cha phospholipids ndi mapuloteni omwe amagwira ntchito.

Mwanjira iyi, mafuta akale amalowa mu dongosolo la lymphatic kudzera mu chotchinga cha enterocyte, kenako kudzera m'mitsempha yamagazi yapamwamba.

Dziwani kuti popanda kuthandizira pazinthu zina, ma chylomicrons sangathe kulowa okha mthupi ndi mthupi laumunthu loyenerera. Amapeza chithandizo chotere m'magazi a lipoprotein (mankhwala athunthu a lipids ndi mitundu yama protein). Zinthu zoterezi zimalola ma chylomicrons "kufika" pachilichonse chomwe mukufuna popanda kusungunuka m'madzi amadzimadzi.

Ndi lipoproteins yomwe imagwira gawo lalikulu pakukula kwa matenda amtundu wotchedwa hyperlipidemia. Chizindikiro chimayamba kuchitika pambuyo poti kuphwanya kwa magwiridwe antchito a lipoproteins kumachitika.

Pali gulu la ma enzymatic omwe amapanga kutengera kutalika kwawo. Ndi lipoproteins yowala komanso yowunika kwambiri yomwe ndiyomwe imapangitsa kuti matendawa akule. Amapangidwa ndi chiwindi, pambuyo pake amatengedwa kupita ku ma enterocytes, omwe amalumikizana ndi ma chylomicrons. M'mitolo yotere, tandem iyi imalowetsanso zigawo za minofu.

Low density lipoproteins (LDL) ndiye "yoyendetsa" mafuta a cholesterol, ndikupereka kwa ziwalo ndi machitidwe.

Ntchito yomwe imagwira kwambiri maopeneti lipoproteins (HDL) ndikuchotsa cholesterol plaque ku ma cellular cell, omwe amawakweza mpaka pamtundu wa oyang'anira wamkulu wa thupi, yemwe ali ndi machitidwe a antiatherogenic.

Ndiye kuti, ma lipoprotein otsika kwambiri ndi zoyendetsa, ndipo lipoproteins yapamwamba ndiye chitetezo.

Kutengera izi, titha kumvetsetsa kuti hypercholesterolemia imayamba kukhazikika pakakhala kuphwanya kwachilengedwe kwa lipoprotein yotsika, yomwe, pazifukwa zina, imasiya kunyamula ma chylomicrons ku ziwalo zofunika.

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Kuzindikira ndi kuchiza cholesterolemia

Atatha kulumikizana ndi achipatala, adotolo adzalembera njira zingapo zodziwira matenda.

Kuzindikira kumadalira phunziroli komanso kukula kwina kwa matendawa.

Nthawi zambiri, kafukufuku wokwanira amaphatikizapo kusanthula zingapo.

Ngati mukukayikira cholesterolemia, akatswiri amafunika wodwala:

Mupereke magazi ku cholesterol yonse.
Kusanthula kwa otsika osalimba lipoproteins.
Kusanthula kwakukulu kwa lipoprotein.
Lipidogram.
Kuyesedwa kwa ma genetic pachibale.
Kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi.
Maphunziro azamisala.
Kupenda kozungulira, kuyeza magazi.
Kusanthula kwapadera kwamkodzo ndi magazi.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti cholesterol yayikulu ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi pakati. Dokotala aliyense akatsimikizira izi. Njirazi zimakuthandizani kuti muzindikire kuzindikira koyenera. Pambuyo pakuzindikira, dokotalayo amapereka mankhwala okwanira.

Ngati matenda sanayambike, chithandizo chitha kukhala chopanda mankhwala. Mulinso:

Pamaso pa kulemera kwambiri kuti mubweretse mawonekedwewo,
kupanga pulogalamu yapadera yolimbitsa thupi,
kutsatira zakudya zoyenera, zakudya zamankhwala, kuchulukitsa cholesterol kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta,
choletsa mowa mwa kuchuluka kulikonse,
kusuta pang'ono.

Pamene matenda a zamisala sanyalanyazidwa limodzi ndi mfundo zomwe zili pamwambapa, mankhwala apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zambiri pa cholesterol ndi cholesterolemia zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
Zimabwezeretsa kupanga kwa insulin

Kodi hypercholesterolemia - zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiro za matendawa

Matenda am'mimba
Mitundu ya Hypercholesterolemia
Zizindikiro zamatsenga
Zimayambitsa matenda a pathological
Hypercholesterolemia Therapy
Zithandizo za anthu
Zakudya za hypercholesterolemia
Zolembera tsiku limodzi
Hypercholesterolemia Prevention

Hypercholesterolemia - ndi chiyani? Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Greek - cholesterol yapamwamba m'magazi. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe cha matenda. Kunena zowona, hypercholesterolemia ngakhale si matenda - a pathological syndrome, chizindikiro.

Koma kwenikweni - chomwe chimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwazomwe zimachitika mu mtima ndi m'mitsempha yamagazi. Kuti muwone kuwopsa kwa chizindikiro-matendawa, muyenera kumvetsetsa komwe adayambira komanso momwe akukulira. Izi zikuthandizira kupewa kupezeka kwa hypercholesterolemia, ndipo ngati pakuwonekera, munthawi yoyenera kudziwa ndi kudziwa njira zabwino zochizira.

Mitundu ya Hypercholesterolemia

Pathological syndrome imatchulidwa chifukwa cha kakulidwe kake, koma mitundu yake ilibe mawonekedwe enieni a maphunzirowa kapena mawonekedwe akunja. Pali mitundu itatu ya hypercholisterinemia:

Poyamba - yoperekedwa kwa ana "ndi cholowa" kuchokera kwa makolo. Amayamba chifukwa cha zovuta zamtundu ndipo amatha:

Homozygous (majini owonongeka ochokera kwa abambo ndi amayi),
Heterozygous (jini lokhala ndi chilema lomwe wina adapereka).

Sekondale - chotsatira cha kakulidwe ka matenda ena, zikhalidwe za thupi,
Alimentary - kumachitika ndi kumwa kwambiri nyama nyama.

Kuzindikira kwa "hypercholesterolemia yoyera" kumachitika kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi cholesterol yoposa 5.18 mmol / L. Ili ndiye harbinger woonekeratu wa atherosulinosis.

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino Aterol kutsitsa cholesterol. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Gulu la Hypercholesterolemia

Pokhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana owonetsera, pathology imagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Gulu la hypercholesterolemia ndi mfundo zochepa:

Choyambirira - kusintha kwa maubadwa komwe kuli kwachilengedwe.

A yachiwiri matenda akuti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa matenda. Ndiye kuti, munthu amabadwa wathanzi malinga ndi zomwe wakumbukirazo, koma adazipeza mothandizidwa ndi moyo.
Njira yamatendawa yamatendawa ndi yachiwiri, koma imatengedwa padera chifukwa choti chidwi cha kupitilira kwa matendawa si matenda enieni, koma njira ya moyo yomwe munthu amatsogolera - zizolowezi zake. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Kusuta.
- Mowa.
- Kusuta kwa zakudya zamafuta.
- "Kukonda" zogulitsa mwachangu, zopangira zakudya, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya zowonjezera zamankhwala: zothetsera, utoto, ndi zina zotero.
- Kukhala ndi moyo wongokhala.
- Ndipo wina.

Gulu laatsatanetsatane komanso owonjezera kwambiri lidapangidwa ndi Fredrickson. Uku ndiko kusiyanasiyana kovomerezeka kwa matenda, kutengera zifukwa zomwe zidawunikira. Ngakhale kutsimikizika kwakusiyana kwa kulephera mu metabolid ya lipid kumamveka kwathunthu ndi dokotala woyenera.

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Zizindikiro zamatsenga

Palibe zizindikiro zoonekeratu za hypercholesterolemia; pakadali pano, sizikhudza momwe munthu alili ndi momwe aliri.

Ndi maphunziro a matenda am'matumbo, chitukuko chake chikhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi:

Mizere ya malalanje kapena chikasu pachimake,
Mzere wamaso m'maso mwa cornea ya maso,
Kutupa ndi ma tubercles (xanthomas) pazala, m'lifupi, pachifuwa, m'mawondo,
Mawonekedwe a angina pectoris.

Pambuyo pake, cholesterol imayikidwa pamakoma a mitsempha ya mitsempha. Magawo a zotengera amayenda, kupendekera kwawo kwatayika, kutaya kwa magazi kukuwonongeka. Zidole za cholesterol zimayambitsa thrombosis.

Zizindikiro za hypercholesterolemia "flow" bwino "zizindikilo za mtima."

Mitundu ya Hypercholesterolemia

Kugawidwa kwa matendawa malinga ndi Fredrickson kumatanthawuza kuwonongeka kwa vutoli lomwe limayang'aniridwa ndi etiology, kudziwa mtundu wake.

Mitundu yotsatirayi ya hypercholesterolemia imasiyanitsidwa:

Pathology ya mtundu I - yoyamba, cholowa. Sizinakumanenso. Amapitirira ndi kuchepa kwa lipoprotein lipase, komanso ngati kuphwanya kapangidwe ka lipoprotein lipase - apoC2. Amatanthauzira mosiyanasiyana monga kuchuluka kwambiri kwa chylomicron. Pafupipafupi mawonetseredwe ndi 0,1%.
Pathology ya mtundu II - polygenic kapena kobadwa nako. Magawo:
- Type IIa - kusowa kwa otsika kachulukidwe lipoprotein lipases. Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kapena chinthu chatsopano chagwira. Nthawi zambiri mawonetseredwe a 0,2%.
- Ine>
Kuti mumvetsetse kusiyana kwake, ndikofunikira kuzolowera kusintha komwe kumachitika kawirikawiri zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Mawu akuti hyperlipidemia alandila kuphwanya, zoyambitsa zake ndi:
- Kuphwanya kapangidwe ka mapuloteni a lipoprotein, komwe kumayambitsa kusayenda bwino kwa lipoprotein yotsika, komwe amalephera kulumikizana ndi minofu ya minyewa, motero, ma chylomicrons omwe amayenda ndi cholesterol sangathe kulowa cell.
- Kuletsa kupanga kwa ma enzyme onyamula, omwe amachititsa kuti ma chylomicrons agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi lipoprotein, kuti awonjezere ma cell a thupi. Kulephera kotereku kumabweretsa kuti kusowa kwa cholesterol kumapangidwa m'malo amodzi ndipo amadziunjikira komwe kuchuluka kwawo sikofunikira.
- Kusintha kwazinthu zomwe zimakhudza gawo la minofu palokha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asamagwirizane ndi lipoproteins. Apa tikupezanso zofanana ndi ndime 1, koma ndi kusiyana kuti chifukwa chosagwirizana sichimachokera kwa enzyme kapena oyimira lipoprotein, koma kuchokera ku "kulowets" cell, mbali inayo.
Zimayambitsa matenda a pathological
Hypercholisterinemia ya pulayimale (matenda) ndi matenda omwe sanafufuzidwebe bwino. Chifukwa chake, palibe chida choterocho chomwe chitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti chitha kupewa.
Zifukwa zazikulu zowonekera kwambiri za hypercholisterinemia zimawerengedwa kuti ndi:
- Zofooka mu kapangidwe ka mapuloteni a lipoprotein. Satha kuyanjana ndi maselo a ziwalo, cholesterol sangathe kulowa mkati mwake,
- Kukula kwa michere ya "mayendedwe". Kupanga kuperewera kwa cholesterol m'malo amodzi ndi kuchuluka kwina pamalo ena,
- Kusokonezeka m'maselo a minyewa. Amalephera kulumikizana ndi lipoproteins.
Zomwe zimayambitsa hypercholesterolemia yachiwiri ikhoza kukhala:
- Hypothyroidism (zovuta mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro),
- Matenda a shuga (matenda osokonezeka mu "kuperekera" kwa glucose m'maselo a thupi),
- Kuchepetsa hepatic matenda (kuphwanya ma bile a chiwindi),
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena (okodzetsa, beta-blockers).
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri nyama zamafuta ndi chifukwa chachikulu chakuchitikira kwa hypercholesterolemia mwa odwala ambiri.
Hypercholesterolemia yachiwiri
Vuto linanso lomwe limapezeka kwambiri ndi hypercholesterolemia yachiwiri, yomwe sinatengeredwe koma yopezeka ndi moyo. Choyambitsa chithunzi chachipatala chomwe chafunsidwa chimatha kukhala mowa ngati wodwalayo sakudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, kukhalanso ndi moyo komanso zinthu zina zambiri zomwe zimadalira iye mwini.
Zosokoneza zomwe zimachitika mu endocrine system, kusintha kwamatenda okhudzana ndi ziwalo zamkati kungathenso kubweretsa vuto. Kupatula apo, thupi limakhala chinthu chimodzi ndipo kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa dongosolo limodzi kumakhala ndi kusintha kwina.
Hyperlipidemia imayamba kupita patsogolo ngati njira zomwe zikukhudza kayendedwe kazinthu zamafuta kuchokera kuma enterocytes kupita ku maselo zimakhudzidwa, kapena zosokoneza zimayambitsa kapoprotein synthesis, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumalepheretsa.
Hypercholesterolemia Therapy
Kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi kumatheka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa moyo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Kuwongolera njira yokhazikika ya moyo ndi hypercholesterolemia makamaka njira zothandizira kukhalabe ndi cholesterol yovomerezeka.
Ngati sizinathandize, dokotala amamwa mankhwala, kupangira:
- Ma acid a Omega-3 - amachepetsa chiopsezo cha kusintha kwamatenda amtundu wamtima, kuwonjezera nthawi yokhala ndi moyo wa odwala atakumana ndi vuto la mtima. Sungani cholesterol yeniyeni, pewa kuwonongeka kwa magazi, kupangitsa kuti mitsempha yamagazi ikhale yonkirapo komanso yamphamvu.
- Fibates - olondola lipid kagayidwe m'thupi, yambitsa lipotroteidlipase ya enzyme, imathandizira kagayidwe ka mafuta. Amathandizira kukulitsa cholesterol “yabwino”, kupewa matenda a atherosclerosis. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yomweyo ndi ma statins.
- Bile acid sequestrants - gwiritsani ntchito cholesterol yomwe imapangidwa ndi chiwindi pakupanga kwawo. Amachepetsa mwayi wopanga matenda a mtima, kuphatikiza ischemia, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa milandu yoopsa yochokera ku myocardial infarction.
- Ma Inhibitors - amamwa cholesterol kuchokera m'matumbo, kutsitsa zomwe zili m'magazi. Zopanda vuto, zitha kutengedwa ndi odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa (mwachitsanzo, chiwindi). Itha kutengedwa ndi ma statins.
- Statin - amalepheretsa kupanga cholesterol ndi chiwindi ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwake mkati mwa maselo. Thandizani pakuwonongeka kwamafuta, onjezani moyo wa odwala, muchepetse kuchuluka kwa zotheka za atherosulinosis komanso kuchuluka kwa zovuta zamitsempha. Amatha kudzetsa kusintha kwamisempha minofu ndi chiwindi, chifukwa chake, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo kumafunikira kuwunika mwadongosolo poyesa magazi kuti awone ngati chiwindi chikuwonongeka. Ndi chiwindi matenda satchulidwa.
Herederal hypercholesterolemia
Autosomal chachikulu matenda okhudzana ndi matenda a gulu la monogenic, ndiko kuti, wokhazikika ndi jini limodzi lokha. Kuphwanya komwe kumakhudza kugwirira ntchito kwa otsika kachulukidwe lipoids. Pankhaniyi, kuphwanya kumachitika pamtundu wa majini ndipo umabadwa, kukhala wobadwa nako.
Munthu amatha kulandira mtundu wopanda vuto kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi, komanso kwa onse, ngati ali ndi mbiri ya matendawa omwe akufunsidwa.
Zomwe zimayambitsa cholesterol yayikulu zimaphatikizapo:
- Mbiri ya mabanja idakulitsidwa ndi kupatuka uku.
- Dziwani za matenda amtima woyambira asanachitike, mwa wodwalayo komanso abale ake.
- Chizindikiro chachikulu cha otsika osalimba lipoprotein mwa mmodzi mwa makolo. Kulemetsa kwa anamnesis kumatha kukhala kosagwirizana ndi zovuta za pathogenic pamankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Cholesterol ndi gawo lachilengedwe la michere yambiri ndipo ndi chinthu chofunikira mu membrane wa maselo. Kuperewera kwa cholesterol kumabweretsa vuto mu kuphatikiza kwama mahomoni angapo. Ambiri a iwo amalowa mthupi la munthu ndi mafuta a nyama, kuchuluka kwake kumapangidwa ndi chiwindi.
Cholesterol yowonjezera ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu omwe amathandizira kukulitsa kwa atherosulinosis - otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins (LDL), ndi imodzi yomwe imayang'anira kuchuluka kwake, m'malo mwake, kuteteza kuyambira kumayambiriro ndi kupitirira kwa matendawa - high density lipoproteins (HDL). Mankhwala okhala ndi lipoprotein okwera omwe amachepetsa mwayi wokhudzidwa ndi mtima.
Banja hypercholesterolemia
Mavuto amtundu wabanja amadziwika chifukwa cha matenda obadwa nawo, omwe ndi amtundu wawo. Lero lili ndi vuto la 10% ya zolakwika zomwe zimakhudza mitsempha yam'mimba, yomwe imapezeka mwa achinyamata omwe sanakwanitse zaka 55. Gwero la zovuta zoterezi ndi majini osinthika. Izi ndizofala, makamaka m'mabanja omwe akukhala m'mizinda yamafuta owonongeka. Mitundu ya 200-300 yathanzi, imodzi imasinthidwa.
Hypercholesterolemia ya mabanja malinga ndi gulu la Fredrickson ndi wa mtundu 2. Chinsinsi cha matendawa ndikuti chifukwa chakuchita bwino mu genetics, lipoprotein amataya mphamvu kuti amange ku cholesterol ndikuyitengera kuchiwalo chomwe chikufunidwa. Mofanananso ndi izi, kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha cholesterol cholembera kumachitika, zomwe zimachitanso kuphwanya.
Zotsatira zake, mapepala amayamba kudziunjikira m'malo omwe sayenera kukhalapo, zomwe zimatsogolera pakupanga matenda amtima, matenda a mtima. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zodziwira matenda a mtima "oyamba".
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Banja homozygous hypercholesterolemia
Ngati, pakudziwidwa kwa matenda, mitundu iwiri yotsutsana ya lipoprotein yapezeka ndikupezeka kuti ndi cholowa, ndiye kuti madotolo amafotokoza za matenda obadwa nawo, omwe akuwonetsa pang'onopang'ono.
Kusintha kumeneku kumadzetsa kuphwanya kwaphulika kwa lipid, komanso kusakhalapo kwa ma receptor. Sizochita mwatsoka kuti izi zimveka, koma kusintha kosintha kwa dongosolo lotere kumakumana nthawi zambiri, chiwonetsero chimodzi chamankhwala pa anthu chikwi chimodzi.
Pafupipafupi zamomwe timakumana nazo zimagawidwanso ndi mtundu wa "chionongeko":
- Odwala omwe alibe kwambiri ma receptor, ntchito zotere zimawonetsedwa 2% yokha yantchito yokhazikika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins kochepa kumawonjezeka kwambiri.
- Ndi chilema mu ma receptors, ntchito ya ntchito zawo imagwera pamtunda wa 2-25% pazomwe zimapangika, kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins yotsika pang'ono kumakhala kocheperako.
,,,,,,,,, A (p. Asp492Asn) masinthidwe: Clinical Lip> 39
Heterozygous achibale hypercholesterolemia
Chimodzi mwazomwe zili zamtundu wamatenda omwe amafunsidwa, pafupipafupi omwe amapezeka ngati chithunzi chimodzi chachipatala mu mazana asanu athanzi.
Chomwe chimatithandizira kudziwa za matendawa ndi kusinthika kwa jini limodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtundu wofooka. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi:
- Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol yonse.
- Kuchulukitsa LDL.
- Triglycerides ali pafupi ndi zabwinobwino.
- Kuzindikira matenda oyamba a mtima.
- Mbiri yapa banja.
- Kukhalapo kwa tendon xanthomas, ngakhale kusowa kwawo m'thupi si umboni wa thanzi. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa thupi la ana. Izi zitsanzo amatengedwa m'dera la Achilles tendons. Mowoneka, izi zimawonekera mu kutupa ndi mitundu yambiri. Dera lina lomwe limawoneka ngati makulidwe am'mimba ndi ma tubercles ndikumasamba kwakumapeto kwa malekezero apamwamba ndi matembenukidwe osinthika a phalanges.
Kuzindikira kwambiri kumawonjezera mwayi wodwala wokhala ndi matenda amtima (mwachitsanzo, matenda a mtima) ngakhale adakali aang'ono.
Ndikofunikira kuzindikira chithunzi chamatendawa ngakhale muli ana, izi zimakupatsani mwayi wowongolera chizindikiro, kupewera kusintha kwa thupi.
Woyera Hypercholesterolemia
Zimayambika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi m'magazi. Kuzindikira koteroko kumapangidwa kwa wodwala ngati chitsimikizirocho chikutsimikiziridwa ndi chithunzi choposa 5.18 mmol / l. Awa ndi matenda am'mbuyomu, omwe ali chizindikiro chachikulu cha chitukuko cha atherosulinosis.
Ziwerengero zamankhwala zimati anthu pafupifupi 120 miliyoni padziko lapansi ali ndi seramu cholesterol pafupifupi 5.18 mmol / L kapena kupitilira, ndipo kwa 60 miliyoni chizindikiro ichi chatsimikiziridwa kale ndi kuchuluka kwa 6.22 mmol / L kapena kupitilira.
Zakudya za hypercholesterolemia
Malangizo angapangidwe azakudya za hypercholesterolemia akhazikitsidwa mu malamulo osavuta:
- Chepetsani zopatsa mphamvu zopatsidwa, makamaka ndi kumangokhala
- Osamadya kwambiri usiku, kuwongolera kunenepa,
- Chepetsani kuchuluka kwamafuta am nyama omwe mumawamwetsa ndikumaisintha ndi mafuta azamasamba,
- Phatikizani zakudya zomwe zili ndi mavitamini ndi michere,
- Osasiya kudya nyama zopanda mafuta,
- Chepetsa mchere wambiri,
- Mukamasankha tebulo lazakudya, kumbukirani zosokoneza zakudya ndipo osakweza kupewa kulangidwa.
Gome likuwonetsa mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa komanso zotsutsana ndi zakudya za hypercholesterolemia.
Ndi hypercholesterolemia, mbale zonse zimayendetsedwa, kuwiritsa kapena kuphika.
Zolembera tsiku limodzi
Zakudya za hypercholesterolemia ndizosiyanasiyana komanso zosavuta. Menyu sikuyenera kuyambitsa zovuta zilizonse. Wodwala sangathe kudya popanda nyama, iye azidya mosangalala. Chachikulu ndikuti siziyenera kukhala zamafuta komanso yokazinga.
Mwachitsanzo, chakudya cha tsiku limodzi chimakhala ndi:
1. Chakudya cham'mawa: oatmeal ndi zoumba, tiyi wobiriwira,
2. Chakudya chamadzulo: zipatso za mphesa,
3. Chakudya chamasana: msuzi wamasamba, mpunga wowiritsa ndi chidutswa cha nyama yamchere yophika ndi mafuta ochepa, msuzi wa apulo,
4. Zakudya zazikulu: chokongoletsera cha m'chiuno cha rose, zipatso zatsopano,
5. Chakudya chamadzulo: kanyumba tchizi casserole, tiyi wa zitsamba,
6. Usiku mutha kumwa kapu ya kefir. Mtengo wonse wa mkate patsiku suyenera kupitilira 120 g.
Hypercholesterolemia Prevention
Kusungabe cholesterol yovomerezeka m'magazi, njira zina zodzitetezera ziyenera kuchitidwa.
Malinga ndi malamulo othandizira kupewa kwa hypercholesterolemia (zisanachitike), wodwalayo afunika:
- Mubweretsereni kulemera kwa thupi
- Tsatirani zakudya zoyenera
- Siyani zizolowezi zoyipa,
- Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi
- Chepetsani kukondoweza m'maganizo,
- Sintha shuga m'magazi
- Khazikitsani magazi,
- Muyenera kuchiza matenda omwe angayambitse hypercholesterolemia.
Kupewera kwachiwiri (komwe kumakhala ndi hypercholesterolemia) kunapangidwa kuti tilepheretse kupezeka kwa mtima wamitsempha komanso kukulitsa zovuta zomwe zingachitike. Kwenikweni, imagona mu matenda a hypercholesterolemia.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa zoopsa zomwe zingasinthidwe komanso chithandizo chamankhwala chapanthawi yake kumatha kukulitsa moyo wa wodwalayo ndikukhala ndi phindu pamlingo wake.