Zotsatira za matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga ndi limodzi mwa matenda omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha kukula kwa zovuta. Matendawa ali ndi mndandanda waukulu wazotsatira zomwe zimakhudza ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi.

Pambuyo pakutsimikizira matendawa, wodwalayo amakakamizika kukhazikitsa zakudya zatsopano zopatsa thanzi - kuwongolera zoyeserera zonse popewa zovuta.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga

Mavuto a matenda a shuga a mtundu 1 - 2 amakula chifukwa chosowa insulini kapena kuphwanya kwake mgwirizano wake ndi maselo amthupi. Chifukwa chake, mu matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, kuchepa kwa insulini kumachitika chifukwa maselo apadera omwe amapanga timadzi tambiri timadziwidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi ngati achilendo - amapanga ma antibodies kwa iwo, ndikupangitsa kuti afe.

Matenda amtunduwu ndi am'matenda a autoimmune. Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amakhala ndi vuto la chibadwa. Makinawa amatha kubweretsa matenda, kupsinjika, ndi zina zambiri.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, insulin imatha kupangidwa moyenera, koma maselo amthupi amakhala osalabadira. Nthawi zambiri izi zimawonedwa mu kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa minofu ya adipose sichimayankha insulin.

Pancreas iyenera kugwira ntchito ndi kupsinjika, ndikupanga insulin yambiri. Nthawi zina, njira zake zowonjezera mphamvu zimatha, ndipo kupanga insulini kumachepa.

Ntchito ya insulin ndikupereka shuga m'maselo a thupi kuti agwiritse ntchito ngati mphamvu. Glucose osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maselo, amazungulira m'magazi, amene amafotokozedwa mkodzo. Maselo amayamba kudwala chifukwa chosowa mphamvu, njira za metabolic zimasokonekera.

Mavuto a Matenda A shuga a Type 1

Mavuto a mtundu 1 wa shuga am'mimba amakhala pachimake ndipo amakula msanga. Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amafunika thandizo la dokotala.

1. Ketoacidosis - ndi dontho la insulin, matupi a ketone m'magazi ndi glucose owonjezera amadziwika. Ngati kuchepa kwa insulini sikulipilitsidwa panthawi, ndiye kuti ketoacidotic chikomokere mu nthawi yochepa.

2. Hyperosmolar chikomokere. Chomwe chimapangidwira ndikuwonjezera shuga. Maselo amataya madzi, madzi am'mimba amapezeka, ndipo popanda chithandizo mankhwalawa amatha kuchitika.

3. Hypoglycemic chikomokere. Amapezeka mu milandu yolakwika ya insulin mu Mlingo wambiri kuposa omwe asankhidwa ndi dokotala. Ubongo sungalekerere kuperewera kwa glucose, chifukwa chake, ndi dontho lakuthwa pamlingo, ntchito yachibadwa yaubongo imasokonekera.

Izi zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kapena kulephera kudziwa konse, ndipo pambuyo pake kwa ndani.

Mavuto a shuga a ana ndi owopsa chifukwa chaimfa yawo yambiri ndipo amawoneka mwa ketoacidotic ndi hypoglycemic coma.

Mitundu yamapeto imakhala yofanana ndi yomwe ili mu mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda - amakhala ndi njira yochepetsetsa koma pang'onopang'ono.

Mavuto a Type 2 shuga

Chiwopsezo cha kukhala ndi matenda a shuga

Ndi matenda 2 a shuga, matendawa amatha kusadziwika kwa zaka zambiri. Nthawi zambiri matendawa amapezeka mosayembekezereka, kwinaku akumayesa chifukwa china kapena pokhapokha panthawi yopezeka ndi zovuta.

1. Hyperosmolar chikomokere.
2. Hypoglycemic coma imachitika kangapo.
3. Kuwonongeka kwa maso. Pankhaniyi, mandala ndi retina amavutika. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndikupanga makatoni, zotupa ndikufinya kwa retina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa masomphenya kapena kutayika kwathunthu.
4. Kuwonongeka kwa impso - kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa ntchito zawo. Protein reabsorption imasokonekera, ndipo imawonekera mkodzo. Kwa zaka zambiri, pamakhala kuchuluka kwa zotupa m'miyendo yomwe imatulutsa minyewa ya impso.
5. Vuto la mtima - kusintha kwachilengedwe m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi yayikulu komanso yaying'ono. Imadziwonetsa ngati fragility yowonjezereka, kukha magazi, thrombosis komanso kukula kwa atherosulinosis. Matenda a mtima ndi stroko odwala matenda ashuga ndi omwe akutsogolera imfa.
6. Neuropathy - amasintha mu minyewa yamanjenje. Imadziwawoneka ngati kuphwanya zamkati, kupweteka motsatira ulusi wamanjenje.
7. Kuchokera kumbali ya ubongo, kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga. Imadziwoneka yokha mu mawonekedwe a kukhumudwa, kulephera kuyankha mokwanira pazinthu, etc.

Mavuto obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga

Kubwezeretsanso kwina

Pofika mochedwa zovuta zimatanthawuza mawonetseredwe azachipatala omwe amapezeka zaka zingapo pambuyo poti matendawa atayamba. Mavuto otere, mwatsoka, posachedwa amapezeka pafupifupi mwa odwala onse, osatengera mtundu wa shuga.

Ndi matenda 2 a shuga, anthu ambiri amaphunzira za matenda awo pokhapokha atakumana ndi zovuta izi.

1. Angiopathy. Kusintha kwa mtima kumayambitsa kugunda kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi, stroko, komanso thrombosis.

2. retinopathy. Kuphwanya kwamitsempha yamagazi m'matumbo amaso kumatha kuyambitsa khungu komanso khungu.

3. Nephropathy. Amakhala chomwe chimayambitsa matenda oopsa komanso kulephera kwaimpso.

4. Polyneuropathy. Kusintha kotupa ndi masoka m'thupi la mitsempha. Kumatanthauzanso kusiyiratu kumva komanso kuwoneka ngati ululu wopanda pake.

5. Mapangidwe a matenda ammimba a shuga. Chifukwa choti matenda ashuga amakhudza minyewa yam'mitsempha ndi ziwiya zazing'onoting'ono za miyendo, miyendo imalephera kumva, ndipo magazi amayenda. Wodwala matenda ashuga sangamve kuwonongeka, kutentha kumasintha, kuvala nsapato zomwe zimamukakamiza, etc.

Zotsatira zake, mafomu owonongeka omwe samachira kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa metabolic, kusayenda bwino kwa magazi, mabala sangathenso kusintha msanga, ndipo "kutsekemera" kowonjezera magazi ndiye chakudya chabwino kwambiri cha tizilombo.

Kulowa ndi matenda kumachepetsa kuchira kwambiri. Zovala zimatha kufa kwathunthu. Mchitidwewo umafika poti munthu ayenera kudula zala kapena miyendo yonse.

Kupewa matenda ashuga

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amayenera kupita ku endocrinologist pafupipafupi ndikuyesa mayeso kuti awone momwe ziwalo zomwe akuwombera ziriri.

Ambiri a endocrinologists amakhulupirira kuti shuga ndi njira yapadera ya moyo. Kupewa kwamavuto kumakhala mu chakudya chapadera, kudya insulin kapena mankhwala pafupipafupi, komanso kuwunika kwamisempha tsiku lililonse.

Kutsatira kwambiri malamulo awa ndi komwe kungathandize kuti pasakhale zovuta. Ndi matenda a shuga, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri, ndikokwanira kuchepa thupi komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga kubwerera kwazonse.

Zovuta zazovuta

Mavuto owopsa a matenda ashuga akuwopseza kwambiri moyo wa munthu. Mavuto oterewa amaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimachitika mu nthawi yochepa: maora angapo, masiku angapo. Monga lamulo, mikhalidwe yonseyi ndi yoyipa, ndipo imayenera kupereka chithandizo choyenerera mwachangu kwambiri.

Pali zosankha zingapo zazovuta za shuga, zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiro. Timatchula kwambiri:

Ambiri mwa mavutowa amakula msanga, patangopita maola ochepa. Koma hyperosmolar coma imatha kudziwonetsa kwa masiku angapo kapena masabata angapo isanayambe nthawi yovuta. Ndikosavuta kudziwa kuthekera kwa vuto lodziwikiratu pasadakhale. Poyerekeza ndi zovuta zonse zomwe wodwala akukumana nazo, nthawi zambiri zizindikiro zake sizidziwika.

Chilichonse mwa izi ndi chizindikiro choti chipatala chitha. Kusowa kwa chithandizo kwa maola awiri kumayipa kwambiri kudwala kwa moyo wa wodwalayo.

Zotsatira zake

Pambuyo pake zovuta zina zimayamba kudutsa zaka zingapo. Chiwopsezo chawo sichiri pakuwonekera kwathunthu, koma chifukwa iwo pang'onopang'ono zimayamba kuvuta wodwala. Ngakhale kupezeka kwa chithandizo choyenera nthawi zina sikungatsimikizire kutetezedwa ku zovuta zamtunduwu.

Mavuto apambuyo a shuga akuphatikizaponso matenda:

1. Retinopathy - kuwonongeka kwa retina, komwe kumayambitsa kukha magazi mu fundus, kufalikira kwa retina. Pang'onopang'ono kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwamawonedwe. Matenda omwe amafala kwambiri retinopathy amapezeka mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi "zaka" zopitilira 20, chiopsezo cha retinopathy chikuyandikira 100%.
2. Angiopathy. Poyerekeza ndi zovuta zina zomwe zimachedwa, zimayamba msanga, nthawi zina osakwanitsa chaka. Ndikuphwanya kwa mtima kukhathamira, amakhala osakhazikika. Pali chizolowezi cha thrombosis ndi atherosulinosis.
3. Polyneuropathy. Kuyiwalika pakumva kupweteka komanso kutentha m'miyendo. Nthawi zambiri, amakula molingana ndi mtundu wa "magolovesi ndi masheya", amayamba kudziwoneka nthawi yomweyo m'munsi ndi m'munsi miyendo. Zizindikiro zoyambirira ndikumverera kwa dzanzi ndikuwotcha miyendo, zomwe zimakulitsidwa kwambiri usiku. Kuchepetsa chidwi kumapangitsa ambiri kuvulala.
4. Matenda a shuga. Vuto lomwe mabala otseguka, zotupa zam'mimba, ndi malo oonda (akufa) amawoneka pamapazi ndi malekezero ochepa a wodwala matenda a shuga. Chifukwa chake, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'anira kwambiri ukhondo wamapazi ndi kusankha nsapato zoyenera zomwe sizipondereze mwendo. Mugwiritsanso ntchito masokosi apadera popanda kufinya chingamu.

Mavuto aakulu

Pazaka zoposa 10-15 zodwala, ngakhale odwala atatsatira zofuna zonse zamankhwala, matenda a shuga amawononga thupi pang'onopang'ono ndikuwatsogolera pakukula kwa matenda aakulu. Popeza kuti matenda ashuga a shuga amasintha kwambiri munthawi ya momwe magazi amapangidwira, titha kuyembekezera aakulu chotupa ziwalo zonse.

1. Zotengera. Choyamba, ndi matenda ashuga, mitsempha yamagazi imavutika. Makoma awo akumayamba kuvomerezedwa ndi michere, ndipo mawonekedwe a zombozo akuchepa. Ziwalo zathupi zonse ndizosakwanira mu okosijeni ndi zinthu zina zofunika. Kuopsa kwa vuto la mtima, sitiroko, komanso kukula kwa matenda a mtima kumachulukirachulukira.
2. Impso. Impso za munthu wodwala matenda ashuga pang'ono ndi pang'ono amayamba kulephera kugwira ntchito zawo, amalephera kulephera. Choyamba, microalbuminuria imawonekera - katulutsidwe ka mapuloteni monga Albumin mkodzo, komwe ndi kowopsa paumoyo.
3. Khungu. Magazi omwe amapezeka m'thupi la wodwalayo ali ndi matenda a shuga amachepetsa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zilonda zam'mimba zisamere. Amatha kukhala gwero la matenda kapena matenda.
4. Machitidwe amanjenje. Mchitidwe wamanjenje wa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga akusintha kwambiri. Takambirana kale za matenda a miyendo. Kuphatikiza apo, pali kufooka kosalekeza m'miyendo. Nthawi zambiri odwala matenda ashuga amamva kupweteka kwambiri.

Limagwirira kukula kwa zovuta

Mu shuga mellitus, glucose, yemwe ayenera kulowa m'maselo (makamaka maselo a minofu ndi mafuta, omwe amaphatikizana pafupifupi 2/3 mwa maselo onse) ndikuwapatsa mphamvu, amakhalabe m'magazi. Ngati imakwezedwa nthawi zonse, popanda "kulumpha" lakuthwa, ndiye, ngati chinthu chomwe chimapanga hyperosmolarity (chifukwa cha izi, madzimadzi amasiya minyewa ndikufinya mitsempha yamagazi), imabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa makoma amitsempha yamagazi ndi ziwalo zamagazi. Umu ndi momwe "pang'onopang'ono", zotsatira zakachedwa zimayamba. Insulin ikayamba kusokonekera kwambiri, mavuto azovuta amakula omwe amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi, popanda iwo atha kufa kwambiri.

Ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, insulin ndiyotsika. Ngati kuperewera sikumadzaza ndi ma hormone a munthu, yemwe adalowetsedwa, zovuta zimayamba mwachangu ndikufupikitsa moyo wa munthu.

Pakukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, palinso insulini yake, koma "siyimamveka" maselo omwe ayenera kugwira ntchito nayo. Pano, chithandizo chikuchitika mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala apiritsi, omwe amayenera "kuwonetsa" ziwalo zofunika za insulin, chifukwa chake kagayidwe kamakonzedwe kamakhala nthawi yayitali ya mankhwalawa. Apa zovuta zazovuta zimakhala zochepa. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti munthu amaphunzira za matenda ake a shuga osati ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimadziwika akakhala ndi ludzu kapena chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amamwa amayenera kupita kuchimbudzi usiku, ndipo pakatha zovuta.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, minyewa yamunthu imakhala yosaganizira za insulin yake yokha. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa timadzi mu jakisoni kumatulutsa kagayidwe. Chifukwa chake, ngati zakudya zapadera komanso mankhwala ochepetsa shuga sangakhale ndi shuga m'magazi pansi pa 7 mmol / l, kumbukirani: ndibwino kusankha kuchuluka kwa insulini (kunja komwe kudyetsa) insulin ndikuwongolera nthawi zonse mankhwalawa kuposa kufupikitsa nthawi yamoyo ndikuchepetsa kukula kwake kuumauma kosafunikira. Inde, chithandizo choterechi chimayenera kuperekedwa ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino za endocrinologist, yemwe ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti chakudyacho sichothandiza kwenikweni, osangotsatira.

Zoyambitsa Hypoglycemia

Nthawi zambiri, vuto loipitsitsa limayamba chifukwa cha:

• kuchuluka kwa insulin (mwachitsanzo, ngati mayunitsi a insulin amawerengedwa pa 100-point, ndikujambulira ndi syringe yolembedwa ndi 40 magawo, ndiye kuti, mankhwalawo anali ochulukirapo ka 2,5) kapena mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga.
• ngati munthu waiwala kapena sakufuna kudya pambuyo poti waikamo mankhwala a insulin, kapena atadya, kusanza,
• panali kuyeserera kwakuthupi kwamunthu yemwe akudwala matenda ashuga, kuphatikizapo kubereka,
• munthu wodwala matenda a shuga amwe mowa wokhala ndi mowa,
• Mlingo wa insulin sunasinthidwe pomwe akumamwa mankhwala omwe amathandizanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi: beta-blockers (Anaprilin, Metoprolol, Corvitol), calcium, lithiamu, salicylic acid, vitamini B2, fluoroquinolone maantibayotiki (Levofloxacin , Ofloxacin) ndi mndandanda wa tetracycline.

Hypoglycemia nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu trimester yoyamba ya kubereka, pambuyo pobadwa kwa mwana, ndikupanga kulephera kwa impso chifukwa cha matenda a impso, ndi kuphatikiza kwa matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga ndi adrenal insufficiency kapena matenda a hypothyroid, chifukwa chakuchulukitsa kwa hepatitis kapena hepatosis yodwala.

Anthu omwe akudwala matenda a shuga, makamaka mtundu 1, amafunikira kudziwa bwino zomwe zimachitika mu hypoglycemia kuti azitha kudzithandiza okha pomutenga chakudya chopatsa mphamvu (maswiti, shuga, uchi). Kupanda kutero, ngati simukuchita izi pomwe munthuyu ali ndi vuto, kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima kumakulirakulira mpaka kukomoka, komwe kumayenera kuchotsedwa pakangotha ​​mphindi 20 mpaka cortex ya ubongo itamwalira (kumakhala kovuta kwambiri pakakhala kuti palibe shuga ngati chinthu champhamvu).

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia ndiowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa chake, onse ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo amaphunzitsidwa kuti pakalibe glucometer ndipo ngati munthu wapezeka wopanda nzeru komanso wopanda mboni yemwe angamuwuza yemwe akudwala, zomwe angatenge, chinthu choyamba kuchita ndikumapukusa njira ya glucose yolumikizira m'mitsempha yake.

Hypoglycemia imayamba ndi mawonekedwe a:

• kufooka koopsa
• chizungulire
• manja akunjenjemera
• njala
• thukuta lozizira
• dzanzi la milomo
• kukopa kwa pakhungu.

Ngati kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika usiku, zolota zimayamba kugwera munthu, amalira, amatulutsa mawu osamveka, amanjenjemera. Ngati simumudzutsa komanso kuti muchepetse yankho lake kuti asamwe, iye “agona” mwakuya, mpaka kugwa.

Kuyeza kwa shuga wamagazi ndi glucometer kuwonetsa kuti mulingo wake uli m'munsi mwa 3 mmol / l (odwala matenda ashuga omwe "akudziwa" amayamba kumva zizindikiro ngakhale ziwerengero wamba, 4.5-3.8 mmol / l). Gawo limodzi limasinthira linalo m'malo mwachangu, kotero muyenera kumvetsetsa (moyenera - kugwiritsa ntchito foni kwa akatswiri anu, endocrinologist, kapena ngakhale ambulansi yotulutsa) mu mphindi 5-10.

Ngati panthawiyi simumamwa madzi otsekemera, tiyi, osamadya chakudya (zipatso zabwino siziwerengera, chifukwa mulibe glucose, koma fructose) mu mawonekedwe a shuga, uchi, maswiti kapena glucose, omwe amagulitsidwa ku pharmacy monga ufa kapena mapiritsi , gawo lotsatira likukonzekera, momwe thandizo lakhala likuvuta kale:

• kupsa mtima kapena ulesi,
• mawu openga
• kuphwanya mgwirizano
• madandaulo amaso awiri, mawonekedwe a "chifunga" kapena "ntchentche" patsogolo pa maso,
• madandaulo a mtima “wosasweka” pamene, pakufufuza kugunda, kutsika kwake kwambri kumawululidwanso.

Gawo lino ndi lalifupi kwambiri. Pano abale amatha kumathandizanso pokakamiza munthu kuti amwe madzi ochepa otsekemera. Koma izi zitha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati kulumikizana ndi iye ndipo mwayi woti amumeza njira yothetsera vutoli ndi wapamwamba kuposa mwayi woti ungamutsamwitse. Ndizotheka kwenikweni chifukwa chakutha kwa chakudya kulowa "mmero yopuma" kuti musapatse maswiti kapena shuga wokhala ndi zizindikiro zotere, mutha kungochotsa chakudya chamagulu ochepa amadzimadzi.

Zizindikiro zakuchedwa:

• kulephera kudziwa
• kukokana
• Khungu limakhala lotumbululuka, lozizira, lokutidwa thukuta.

Mothandizidwa ndi izi, thandizo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi gulu la ambulansi kapena wogwira ntchito iliyonse yazaumoyo yemwe ali ndi zida zothandizira ndi 4-5 ma ampoules a 40% ya shuga. Zingwe ziyenera kupangidwa m'mitsempha, ndipo mphindi 30 zimaperekedwa kuti zithandizidwe. Ngati mulibe nthawi yopangira jakisoni munthawi imeneyi, kapena ngati mulowa kuchuluka kwa glucose okwanira 40% kuti akweze ku manambala ocheperako, pali mwayi kuti umunthu wake udzasinthidwe mtsogolo: kuchokera pakusakwanira komanso kusinthika kukhala mkhalidwe wamasamba ("ngati chomera"). Kulephera kwathunthu kupereka chithandizo mkati mwa maola awiri kuchokera pakukomoka, mwayi wa munthu woti afe ndi wokwera kwambiri. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi njala yamphamvu, yomwe imabweretsa kutupa kwa ma cell aubongo komanso kuwoneka kwamatumbo mwa iwo.

Chithandizo cha hypoglycemia chimayambira kunyumba kapena pamalo pomwe munthuyo "adagwidwa" ndi kuchepa kwa shuga. Chithandizocho chimapitilirabe mu ambulansi ndipo chimathera m'chipinda choperekera chisamaliro kuchipatala chapafupi kwambiri (chomwe chili ndi dipatimenti ya endocrinology). Kukana kugonekedwa kuchipatala ndi koopsa, chifukwa pambuyo pa hypoglycemia, munthu amafunikira kuyang'aniridwa komanso kupenda mlingo wa insulin yomwe watengedwa.

Hypoglycemia Katetezedwe

Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, izi sizitanthauza kuti masewera olimbitsa thupi amabadwa nanu. Pamaso pawo, mumangofunika kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta omwe amapangidwa ndi magawo awiri a mkate, zomwezo zimayenera kuchitika mutatha maphunziro. Ngati mukufuna kupita kumsasa kapena kusuntha mipando, yomwe imatenga maola opitilira 2, muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulini yochepa kwambiri kapena theka. Zikatero, muyenera kuthandizanso magazi anu pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer.

Chakudya chamadzulo chikuyenera kukhala ndi mapuloteni. Zinthu izi zimatha kusintha kukhala glucose, ndipo zimachita izi kwa nthawi yayitali, zimapereka usiku wopanda hypoglycemia.

Mowa ndiye mdani wa wodwala matenda ashuga. Kuchulukitsa kwakukulu kotheka kumukhazikitsidwa masana ndi 50-75 magalamu.

Hyperglycemic zinthu

Izi zikuphatikiza mitundu itatu ya nkhwawa (ndi zakale, zokomera):

1. ketoacidotic,
2. acid lactate,
3. hyperosmolar.

Zonsezi zovuta zimachitika motsutsana ndi chiyambi cha kuchuluka kwa magazi. Amathandizidwa kuchipatala, m'chipinda chothandizira kwambiri.

Ketoacidosis

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazovuta za matenda ashuga amtundu 1. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala:

• Pakapita nthawi yayitali kumwa mankhwala a insulin kapena mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga, omwe nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa chosadya, kutentha thupi, kunyansidwa kapena kusanza,
• mutadziletsa nokha pamankhwala omwe ali pamwambawa, omwe amachitika pazifukwa zomwezi,
• kukula kwa matenda oopsa a kutupa, makamaka omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana,
• Mlingo wokwanira insulin,
• kuchuluka kwa matenda aliwonse osachiritsika,
• makonzedwe a insulin kapena
• vuto la mtima
• sitiroko
• kuvutika
• mankhwalawa (chifukwa cha kutaya kwa madzimadzi, kuchepa kwa magazi, chifuwa - anaphylaxis, kuwola kwamankhwala ochepa pamene akutenga Mlingo woyamba wa antibayotiki),
• sepsis
• iliyonse, makamaka mwadzidzidzi, opaleshoni.

Poyerekeza ndi kufalikira kwamphamvu kwa insulin, glucose (gawo lalikulu lamphamvu) limasiya kulowa m'maselo, kudzikundikira m'magazi. Maselo ochokera munthawi ino "mphamvu yanjala", omwe amakhala ndi nkhawa chifukwa cha thupi. Poyankha kupsinjika, "mahomoni opsinjika" amatulutsidwa mwamphamvu m'magazi: adrenaline, cortisol, glucagon. Amawonjezera shuga wamagazi kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa gawo lamadzi kumaonjezera. Izi ndichifukwa choti zinthu zosafunikira kwenikweni, zomwe ndi glucose, "zimakoka" madzi kuchokera m'maselo kupita m'magazi.

Kuphatikizika kwakukulu kwa glucose sikungathenso kuchepetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwamagazi, kotero impso zimathandizira pochotsa mafuta awa. Koma zimakonzedwa kuti, pamodzi ndi shuga, ma electrolyte (sodium, chloride, potaziyamu, fluorine, calcium) alowe mkodzo. Amachotsedwera pakukopa madzi kwa iwo. Zotsatira zake, kusowa kwamadzi kumachitika mthupi, impso ndi ubongo zimayamba kudwala chifukwa chosakwanira magazi. "Njala ya oxygen" imapereka chisonyezo cha kupangika kwa lactic acid, chifukwa pH ya magazi imasunthira mbali ya acidic.

Nthawi yomweyo, thupi liyenera kudzipatsa lokha mphamvu, popeza, ngakhale pali mpweya wambiri, sufika pama cell. Kenako imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta mu minofu ya adipose. "Zotsatira zoyipa" zoperekera maselo mphamvu kuchokera ku mafuta ndizowoneka m'magazi a ketone (acetone). Amapitilizanso kukhathamiritsa kwa magazi a pH, komanso kumatha kuwononga ziwalo zamkati:

• pa ubongo - kuchititsa kukhumudwa,
• pamtima - kuthyola chingwe,
• pamimba, kupangitsa kusanza kosapweteka ndi kupweteka kwam'mimba kufanana ndi apendende,
• kupuma, kupangitsa kuti zichitike

Zizindikiro za Ketoacidosis

Ketoacidosis imayamba ngati magawo anayi otsatizana:

1. Ketosis Khungu louma ndi ma mucous membrane zimawonedwa, muli ndi ludzu kwambiri, kufooka ndi kugona, kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumachepa, mutu umatuluka. Amasanduka mkodzo wambiri.
2. Ketoacidosis. Munthu "amagona panjira", osayankha mayankho a mafunso, fungo la acetone limamveka kuchokera kumwamba. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachepa, palpitations imachuluka, kusanza kumawonekera. Kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumachepa.
3. Precoma. Ndikovuta kwambiri kudzutsa munthu, pomwe amakonda kusanza m'maso ofiira. Pakati pakusanza, mutha kuzindikira kuti kupuma kwapumira kwasintha: kwakhala kukuchitika, phokoso. Khungu limaoneka pamasaya. Kukhudza pamimba kumayambitsa kupweteketsa mtima.
4. Coma Kutaya chikumbumtima. Mwamunayo ndi wotumbululuka, masaya ake ndi pinki, mpweya wake ndi wopanda phokoso, amanunkhira acetone.

Kuzindikira za vutoli kumakhazikitsidwa ndi kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, pomwe matupi a shuga ndi ketone amatsimikiza mu mkodzo. Omalizirawo amatha kuzindikiridwa kunyumba ali ndi zingwe zapadera zoyesedwa mu mkodzo.

Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa chimachitika m'chipinda chosamalirira odwala kuchipatala ndipo chimakhala chodzaza ndi insulin chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amangokhala, omwe amathandizidwa mosalekeza, mulingo waukulu. Njira yachiwiri ya "chinsomba" chachiwiri ndikubwerera kwa munthu komwe madzi ake amata, momwe amapangira mayankho ion-ion, kudzera m'mitsempha.

Hyperosmolar chikomokere

Izi ndi zotsatira za matenda ashuga mwa abambo ndi amayi, nthawi zambiri okalamba, omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Amayamba chifukwa chakuchuluka kwa glucose ndi sodium m'magazi - zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa maselo ndikusefukira pa bedi lamitsempha ndi "madzimadzi" otengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu.

Hyperosmolar coma imachitika motsutsana ndi maziko osakanikirana am'madzi chifukwa chosanza komanso kutsekula m'mimba chifukwa cha matenda am'mimba, poyizoni, cholecystitis, kapamba, kuchepa kwa magazi, komanso mankhwala okodzetsa. Pankhaniyi, payenera kukhala kuchepa kwa insulin, kuchulukitsidwa ndi kuvulala, kulowererapo, mahomoni.

Vutoli limayamba pang'onopang'ono - masiku angapo kapena masiku angapo. Poyamba, zizindikiro za matenda am'mimba zimachepa: ludzu, mkodzo wowonjezera, komanso kuchepa kwa thupi. Kugwetsa minofu yaying'ono kumawonekera, komwe pang'onopang'ono kumachulukana ndikusintha kukhala kukokana. Pondapyo idasweka, nseru ndi kusanza zimawonekera, chifukwa chake

Patsiku loyamba kapena pambuyo pake, chikumbumtima chimasokonezeka. Poyamba, izi ndizosokoneza malo, kenako kuyerekezera zinthu zina ndi zabodza. Pambuyo pake, zizindikilo zofanana ndi za omwe ali ndi stroko kapena encephalitis zimayamba: kupuwala, kusalankhula pakamwa, kusuntha kwa maso. Pang'onopang'ono, munthu amakhala "wosagwedezeka" kwambiri, kupuma kwake nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopambanitsa, ndipo samanunkhiza acetone.

Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa chimakhala podzaza kuchepa kwa insulin, madzimadzi ndi ma electrolyte, komanso kuchiza matenda omwe adayambitsa vuto la shuga. Imachitika m'chipatala mosamala kwambiri.

Lactic Acid Coma

Vutoli limakonda kukhala mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga a 2, makamaka okalamba (azaka 50 ndi akulu). Choyambitsa chake ndikuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili ndi lactic acid (lactate) m'magazi. Vutoli limapweteketsedwa ndi matenda a mtima ndi mapapu, omwe mpweya wofala wamthupi umayamba.

Pathology imawonekera ngati kuwonongeka kwa matenda a shuga:

• ludzu lochulukirapo
• kufooka, kutopa,
• kuchuluka kwamikodzo.

Mutha kukayikira lactic acidosis chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa minofu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa lactic acid mwa iwo.

Ndiye, mwachangu kwambiri (koma osati m'mphindi, ngati hypoglycemia), kuphwanya kwa boma kukuchitika:

• Kusintha kwa chikumbumtima
• kusintha kwa phokoso
• kusokonezeka kwa mtima
• kutsitsa magazi.

Muzochitika izi, imfa imatha kuchitika chifukwa chomangidwa kupuma kapena kulephera kwa mtima, motero kugonekedwa kuchipatala kuyenera kuchitidwa mwachangu.

Kuzindikira ndi chithandizo

Mtundu wamtunduwu wa hyperglycemic coma ungathe kusiyanitsidwa kokha kuchipatala, pomwepo nthawi yomweyo ndikuthandizira munthu pomupatsa insulin, mayankho okhala ndimadzimadzi ndi ma electrolyte, komanso kuchuluka kotsimikizika kwa yankho la zamchere ndi mankhwala omwe amathandizira ntchito zamtima.

Retinopathy

Uku ndi kupsinjika komwe kumakhala kocheperako kapena kocheperako kwa odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndipo amatsogolera kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe. Matenda a shuga a retinopathy nthawi zambiri kuposa zotsatira zina zomaliza amabweretsa kulemala, kupangitsa munthu kuona. Kwa wakhungu m'modzi, pazifukwa zina, 25 ndi akhungu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya shuga.

Kutalika kwa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali mumitsempha ya retina kumabweretsa kufupika. Ma capillaries amayesa kulipirira vutoli, kotero m'malo ena amatulutsa thumba ngati thumba, pomwe magazi amayesa kusinthana ndi zinthu zofunika ndi retina. Zimakhala zoyipa, ndipo retina akuvutika ndi vuto la kusowa kwa mpweya. Zotsatira zake, mchere wamchere ndi lipids amayikidwamo, ndiye kuti zipsera ndi zisindikizo zimapangidwa m'malo mwake. Ngati njirayi yapita kutali, kudziyimira kwam'tsogolo kumatha kubweretsa khungu. Komanso, kupweteka kwamatumbo kapena glaucoma kungayambitse khungu.

Matendawa amadziwonetsa ndi masomphenya owonongeka pang'onopang'ono, kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe owoneka (amayamba kuwoneka bwino m'mbali). Ndikofunika kuzizindikira pamagawo oyamba, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyesedwa ku ophthalmologist, kufufuza kwa maso, kupimidwa kwa ziwiya zam'mimba miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi chimodzi ndi chimodzi.

Nephropathy

Vutoli limapezeka mwa odwala with omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ndipo amatanthauza matenda ena a impso, omwe amatsogolera pakupanga kulephera kwa aimpso. Nthawi zambiri anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba amwalira chifukwa chake.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a impso a shuga zitha kupezeka pakuwunika mkodzo patatha zaka 5 mpaka itatha matendawa atadwala.

Mukukula kwake, nephropathy imadutsa magawo atatu:

1. Microalbuminuria Pafupifupi palibe zomverera; kuthamanga kwa magazi kumangokulirapo. Mu mkodzo wosungidwa maola 24, enzyme immunoassay, radioimmune ndi njira za immunoturbidimetric.
2. Proteinuria Pakadali pano, mapuloteni ambiri amatayika mkodzo. Kuperewera kwa mapuloteni omwe kale anali ndimadzi m'matumbo kumapangitsa kuti madzi atulutsidwe. Umu ndi momwe edema imakhalira, makamaka pa nkhope. Komanso, mu 60-80% ya anthu, onse "apamwamba" ndi "otsika" akuwonjezeka.
3. Kulephera kwa impso. Kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumachepa, khungu limakhala louma komanso lotuwa, ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi kumadziwika. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala magawo a mseru komanso kusanza, ndipo chizindikiritso chimavutikanso, chifukwa munthu amakhala wonyozeka komanso wosakhazikika.

Macroangiopathy

Umu ndi momwe nyengo ya shuga imapangira nyengo m'matumbo akuluakulu kuti mapangidwe a atherosulinotic akhazikike mwa iwo. Izi zimakhudza mitsempha yomwe imapereka magazi kumtima (kenako angina pectoris ndi infarction ya myocardial), miyendo yotsika (izi zimabweretsa gangrene), ubongo (izi zimayambitsa kukula kwa encephalopathy ndi stroke), komanso pamimba (mesenteric thrombosis imayamba).

Chifukwa chake, matenda a shuga a m'mimba amadziwika ndi kufooka kwapang'onopang'ono ndikuchepetsa kugwira ntchito, kusintha kwa mtima, chidwi, kuganiza ndi kukumbukira, kupukusa mutu.

Macroangiopathy yam'munsi yotsika imawonetsedwa ndi zovuta m'mayendedwe amiyendo m'mawa, zomwe zimadutsa, mwa kutopa kochulukirapo kwa minofu ya mwendo, kumverera kozizira mwa iwo ndi thukuta kwambiri. Kupitilira apo, miyendo imakhala yozizira kwambiri, yopanda dzanzi, pamwamba pa misomali imakhala yofiyira, yoyera. Pambuyo pa gawo ili, lotsatira limayamba, pamene munthu ayamba kulumala chifukwa zimapweteka kuyenda. Kupweteka kumeneku kumatha kuchitika modekha. Pa miyendo, khungu limasinthasintha ndikuchepera.Gawo lomaliza la mavutowa ndi genital la phazi, zala, mwendo wapansi.

Ndikusokonezeka kwakukulu m'magazi m'miyendo, zilonda zam'mimbazi zimawonekera.

Kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje

Kuchepetsa kotereku, pomwe mbali zamkati ndi zamkati zimakhudzidwa, zimatchedwa diabetesic neuropathy. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimatsogolera pakupanga zovuta zowopsa - phazi la anthu odwala matenda ashuga, omwe nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti mwendo wanu udulidwe.

Kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga a m'mimba sikumamveka bwino. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa glucose kumapangitsa kuti edema ndi kuwonongeka kwa minyewa yamitsempha, pomwe chachiwiri - kuti ma terminal a mitsempha amavutika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zakudya zawo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwamitsempha.

Neuropathy imatha kuwonekera mosiyanasiyana, kutengera mtundu wake:

• Sensory neuropathy imabweretsa kusokonezeka kwamphamvu, kumverera kwa "goosebumps" kapena chnessness, makamaka pamunsi. Pomwe zikupita patsogolo, zizindikirozi zimadutsa m'manja (m'dera la "magolofu"), pachifuwa ndi pamimba. Chifukwa cha kuphwanya komanso kumva kupweteka, munthu sangathe kuwona kuvulala kwa khungu, komwe mu shuga amakhala ndi chizolowezi chofuna kuchiritsa komanso kuthandizira bwino.
• Njira yamtima imawonetsedwa ndi kugunda kwamtima kwakapumula, komwe kumaphwanya kusinthasintha kwa mtima ndikuchita zolimbitsa thupi.
• Mawonekedwe am'mimba. Kupita kwa chakudya kudzera m'mero ​​kumasokonekera, mphamvu yam'mimba imathandizira kapena kufulumira, zomwe zimakhudza kukonza kwa chakudya. Pali kusintha kwa m'mimba ndi kudzimbidwa.
• Fomu ya urogenital imachitika pamene mitsempha ya sacral plexus imavutika. Zimawoneka ngati kuphwanya mgwirizano wa ma ureters ndi chikhodzodzo, kuwonongeka kwa erection ndi ejaculation mwa amuna, mwa azimayi - maliseche owuma.
• Mtundu wa khungu umawonetsedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa thukuta la thukuta, chifukwa cha zomwe matendawa amayamba kufota.

Neuropathy ndimavuto owopsa, chifukwa munthu amasiya kumva hypoglycemia chifukwa chophwanya kuzindikirika kwa zizindikilo za thupi lake.

Fomu la Neuropathic

Amakhala mu 60-70% ya milandu ya phazi la matenda ashuga; imachitika chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yapang'onopang'ono, yomwe imasiya kupatsirana ndizovuta zam'mapazi kapena m'manja.

Imadziwoneka ngati kukula kwa khungu m'malo okhala ndi kupsinjika (nthawi zambiri pa lokha komanso pakati pa zala), mawonekedwe a kutupa pamenepo, komanso zolakwika zam'mimba. Phazi limatupa ndikuwotcha kukhudza, mafupa ndi mafupa a phazi amakhudzidwanso, chifukwa chomwe chimayamba kugwa. Osati zilonda zokha, komanso ma fractures samakhalira limodzi ndi mawonekedwe a ululu chifukwa chophwanya kuzindikira kupweteka.

Mochedwa zovuta za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ashuga

Okhudzidwa ndi mtima wamtima wamtundu wamtunduwu siwofala.

Kodi kuchitira mochedwa zotsatira za matenda ashuga

Chithandizo cha zovuta za matenda a shuga zimakhazikika pa "zipilala zitatu":

1. Kuchepa kwa glucose, kuibweretsa ndikuyisunga mokwanira pamlingo wachilengedwe sichotsika kuposa 4,4, koma osati kupitirira 7 mmol / l. Pachifukwa ichi, insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito - yochepa komanso yotalikilapo kanthu (ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga 1) kapena mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga (a matenda a 2).
2. Malipiro a metabolic omwe "asochera" chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin. Pachifukwa ichi, kukonzekera kwa alpha-lipoic acid amalembera (Berlition, Dialipon), kukonzekera mtima: Pentoxifylline, Actovegin, Nicotinic Acid. Pamaso pa index ya atherogenic yapamwamba (imatsimikizika ndi kusanthula kwa mawonekedwe a lipid), mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol amadziwika: ma statins, fibrate, kapena kuphatikiza kwake.
3. Chithandizo cha zovuta zopangika:
   • Ndi retinopathy, makamaka koyambirira, kuwala kwa laser kwa retina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kuwona. Vitrectomy amathanso kuchitidwa - kuchotsa kwa vitreous.
   • Pamene nephropathy imakhazikitsidwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ("Lisinopril", "Enalapril"), zakudya zopanda mchere wokhazikitsidwa, kuwonjezeka kwa chakudya kumafotokozedwa m'zakudya kuti athe kulipira ndalama zamagetsi. Ndi kukula kwa aimpso kulephera, peritoneal kapena hemodialysis kumasonyezedwa malinga ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa. Kuika impso kukhoza kuchitika.
   • Neuropathy imafunikira chithandizo ndi mavitamini a B, omwe amasintha impuction kuchokera ku mitsempha mpaka minofu. Kuphatikiza kwapakati pa minyewa yopumira: Gabopentin, Pregabalin, Carbamazepine.
   • Ndi phazi la matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kuchiritsa mabala, kutenga maantiiconic okhwima, kuvala nsapato zapadera zamavuto apakhungu ovulala, ndikuyamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Mavuto a shuga kwa ana

Popeza matenda amtundu 1, momwe muli kusowa kwa insulin, nthawi zambiri amakula ubwana, zovuta zazikulu za matenda a shuga kwa ana ndi ketoacidosis ndi hypoglycemia. Amawoneka chimodzimodzi ndi akulu. Ndi hypoglycemia, kunjenjemera kumawonekera, thupi limakutidwa ndi thukuta lozizira, mwana amatha kupempha chakudya.

Nthawi zina chizindikiro choyambirira chomwe matenda a shuga amapezeka ndi kupweteka kwam'mimba komanso kusanza, chifukwa chomwe mwana amagonekedwa kuchipatala mwina ndi kuchipatala chopatsirana opereshoni (ululu umafanana kwambiri ndi wa appendicitis). Komanso, nditatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga, komanso kuyesa mayeso ena, kuzindikira kwa matenda a shuga kumakhazikitsidwa.

Pachimake lactic acidotic ndi hyperosmolar zovuta za ana sizikhalidwe, zomwe zimayamba kwambiri.

Koma pali zovuta zina zomwe zimakhudza ana:

• aakulu insulin. Amayamba ndi mlingo wosankhidwa bwino kapena kuchepa kwake kosaloleka. Imadziwoneka ngati kukula kwa kukula, kutha msanga, chitukuko, kuyamba kwa mavuto ndimitsempha yamagazi. Chithandizo: ndemanga
• aakulu bongo wa insulin. Zimawonetsedwa ndi chilakolako chambiri, kunenepa kwambiri, kutha msanga komanso kukula msanga. M'mawa, mwana amamva zizindikiro za hypoglycemia (njala, kufooka, thukuta, kunjenjemera, vuto lakukula). Chithandizo: kuwunikanso mlingo.

Mavuto amachedwa, makamaka macroangiopathies, amakhala ndi vuto la anthu odwala matenda ashuga a 2 omwe ali ndi zaka 10 kapena kuposerapo, ndipo samakonda kukhala ndi ana.

Kukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo kwa mwana ndi chiopsezo choti angadwale microangiopathy, kuwonongeka kwa impso, mtima, kuwonongeka kwa mtima kwa atherosulinotic, angina pectoris ndi kulephera kwa aimpso akakalamba /

Momwe mungapewere kukula kwa zotsatira za matenda ashuga

Njira zopewera zovuta za matenda ashuga ndizowonjezera shuga komanso glycated hemoglobin m'magazi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kumwa mankhwala a hypoglycemic, osankhidwa ndi dokotala, kutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, onetsetsani kulemera kwanu, kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa mdzina la moyo wabwino. Muyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi sikuyenera kupitirira kuchuluka kwa ma 130/80 mm Hg.

Ndikofunikira kuti mupitilize maphunziro: kuyezetsa magazi, kuyesa mkodzo, kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, kufufuza kwa thumba, kufunsa kwa madokotala a mtima Osataya tsiku ndi tsiku kudya kwa aspirin kuti muchepetse magazi: izi zimalepheretsa vuto la mtima, magazi akulu kapena stroko.

Ndikofunikanso kuyang'anira kwambiri kupenda thupi lanu, makamaka miyendo kuti muzindikire ndi kuchiritsa mabala, ming'alu ndi zilonda. Popewa matenda ashuga:

• Kutenthetsa mapazi anu osati ndi zida zamagetsi kapena malo osambira, koma ndi masokosi amtovu,
• Valani nsapato zabwino
• kuchita zolimbitsa thupi miyendo tsiku lililonse
• gwirirani misomali ndi fayilo,
• Mukatha kusamba, pukuta mapazi anu pang'onopang'ono ndi zinthu zofewa, nyowetsani khungu lanu ndi kirimu wa vitamini.

Kodi muyenera kuchita bwanji ndi matenda a shuga?

Wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kulandira malangizo onse a dokotala (nthawi zambiri endocrinologist imawachitira odwala oterowo). Muyenera kuyendera akatswiri pafupipafupi, kuwona zamphamvu zake, osakana mayeso azachipatala ndi mayeso a labotale, yang'anirani bwino moyo wanu. Odwala amalimbikitsidwanso kuti azikayendera madokotala a zokhudzana ndi zamankhwala - zamtima, katswiri wamitsempha, urologist, nephrologist (kawiri pachaka, ngati kuli kofunikira - kawirikawiri).

Ndikofunikanso kudya moyenera - muzigwiritsa ntchito zakudya zapadera. Njira yabwio kutsata ndikusunga zolemba zawo pawunikidwe. Pokhapokha ngati izi ndizotheka kukhazikitsa bata ndikuchepetsa zovuta za zovuta.

Chithandizo cha kusaphunzira kapena kusakhalapo kwake kumabweretsa mawonekedwe a:

Zovuta za zovuta pachikhalidwe cha odwala matenda ashuga

Vuto lamavuto limayamba msanga - kuchokera maola angapo mpaka masiku angapo. Vutoli limakula kwambiri. Ngati chithandizo choyenerera sichiperekedwa panthawi, imatha kufa.

Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa chomwe chimayambitsa vuto lalikulu komanso kusiyanitsa mitundu yayikulu ya zovuta pachimake malinga ndi zizindikiro zingapo. M'matafura omwe ali pansipa, timafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zidacitika.

Gome - zovuta za shuga

Hypoclycemia

Chomwe chimayambitsa zovuta izi nthawi zambiri chimakhala:

1. kumwa kwambiri mankhwala osavomerezeka
2. uchidakwa
3. kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi m'maganizo.

Maso samayankha kuyang'ana pang'ono.

Zizindikiro zapadera za hypoclycemia ndi kupweteka komanso thukuta lalikulu. Coma ndizotheka. Gulu lamavutoAliyense amene ali ndi mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala osamala ndi hypoglycemia.

Lactic acidosis chikomokere

Miyoyo yoopsa ya m'mtima, aimpso komanso chiwindi imayamba. Zizindikiro zamakhalidweWina ayenera kukhala osamala pakuchotsedwa pansi chikumbumtima.

Pali kusowa pokodza komanso kuphwanya njira yopumira.

Wodwala amakhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Gulu lalikulu langoziOdwala okalamba (azaka 50 ndi akulu) omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2.

Matenda a shuga osachiritsika

Kutsatira kwambiri malangizo a dokotala ndikuwonetsetsa nthawi zonse kumatha kuchepetsa zovuta za matendawa. Komabe, ngakhale zochitika zokhoza bwino sizingathetse zotsatirapo zonse. Chifukwa chake, patatha zaka pafupifupi 10 mpaka 15, ndikulimbana ndi matenda ashuga, kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa thupi kumachitika. Kuwoneka kwamavuto akulu pankhaniyi ndikosapeweka.

Yang'anani! Matenda a shuga amapezeka ndi kusintha kwakukulu pakupanga magazi. Chifukwa chake, kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zonse kumachitika.

Gome - Matenda Aakulu a shuga

Mapeto Ndi matenda a shuga, pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya njira za metabolic imasokonekera. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa metabolism ya carbohydrate. Matendawa amakhala osachiritsika ndipo sangathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu.

Komabe, muyenera kuwongolera mkhalidwe wanu. Ngakhale kuti shuga sichitha kuchira, kudya moyenera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ukhondo komanso kuyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala zimathandizira kudwala.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukumbukira

Kupsinjika, matenda apakale komanso kuphwanya kwa chopondapo, komwe munthu wamba sangasamale, kumafuna njira zodzithandizira wodwala wotere. The endocrinologist amachititsa mayeso, kupereka mayeso ndikuwongolera chithandizo.

Chofunikira pa pulogalamu ya mankhwalawa ndi kudziyimira pawokha kwa glucose (4-6.6 mmol / L) ndi hemoglobin wa glycosylated m'magazi (ochepera 8%).

Odwala ambiri amanyalanyaza malangizo. Mtsutso ndikuti matendawa sanalandire, motero ndidzakhala ngati munthu wamba, ndikusangalala ndi moyo. Madokotala amachenjeza kuti ndibwino kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa zakudya, kusintha moyo wawo, kusiya zizolowezi zoipa, kusiyana ndi kudwala zilonda zam'mimba, kusaona, kupweteka komanso kuperewera m'mimba.

Mavuto omwe amabwera mosafunikira adzafunikirabe chithandizo ndi kusintha kwa moyo. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu wotereyu amamva kupweteka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi wodwala yemwe amatsatira malangizo omwe madokotala adalandira kuchokera panthawi yomwe adzazindikira matendawa.

Mochedwa (zovuta) zovuta

Magazi okhala ndi glucose wa nthawi yayitali amakhudza thupi. Mokulirapo glucose, zovuta zam'mbuyo zimawonekera. Pambuyo pake zovuta zimakhudzana ndi machitidwe awiri: mtima ndi wamanjenje.

Mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mtima

Mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha

Mkulu wokwera amawononga mitsempha ndi vuto lotchedwa matenda ashuga polyneuropathy limakula. Magulu onse amkati komanso ophatikizika amanjenje amakhudzidwa.

Zizindikiro za polyneuropathy: khungu louma, kusokonezeka kwamphamvu, kukoka kwa chidwi pakhungu, kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zamkati (kuwonongeka kwa ma peristalsis, njira pokodza), kuchuluka kwa amuna kumakulirakulira.

Payokha, ndikofunikira kukambirana zovuta ngati phazi la matenda ashuga. Vutoli limayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Mitundu iwiri ya phazi la matenda ashuga imasiyanitsidwa: neuropathic ndi ischemic.

• Neuropathic - imayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha. Zovuta zam'mimba sizimalowa bwino. Phazi limatupa, kutentha, khungu limadzuka, zilonda zimawonekera.
• Ischemic - yolumikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zomwe zimadyetsa phazi, ischemia imayamba. Khungu limasanduka lotuwa, kuzizira, kenako zilonda zopweteka pambuyo pake zimachitika.

Kukula kwa phazi la matenda ashuga ndi zovuta kwambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa gangore, kenako ndikuduladula miyendo.

Mavuto a Matenda A shuga a Type 1

Mavuto a mtundu woyamba wa shuga ali ofanana ndendende ndi matenda ashuga 2, osiyana pang'ono:

• Ndi matenda a shuga 1, mitundu yamatumbo nthawi zambiri imakhala (yomwe siimakonda mtundu 2).
• Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic kumakhala kofala, koma nthawi zambiri hyperosmolar ndi lactic acidotic.
• Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amatha kuwononga mtima ndi mtima.

Chithandizo cha pachimake zovuta

Hypoglycemia. Choyamba, muyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati wodwalayo akudziwa ndipo akuwona kuti hypoglycemia wayamba, amangofunika kudya china lokoma, monga lollipop, chidutswa cha shuga, kumwa madzi otsekemera, ndi zina. : Kukhazikitsa wa dontho wokhala ndi shuga. Ngati thandizo siliperekedwa pa nthawi, zotsatira zoyipa ndizotheka - kusintha umunthu ndi kufa.

Ketoacidosis, lactate-acidotic chikomokere, hyperosmolar chikomokere. Zinthu zitatuzi zimapangika motsutsana ndi maziko a glucose okwera, kotero gawo loyamba la chithandizo lidzakhala kuyang'anira insulin mosamala kwambiri. Gawo lachiwiri ndikubwezeretsanso kwa kusowa kwamadzi ndi kukonza kwa zosokoneza zamagetsi.

Chithandizo cha mochedwa (zovuta) zovuta

Choyamba, ngati vuto lakachedwa, chithandizo ndi zakudya za wodwalayo ziyenera kusintha.

Kwa angiopathies onse, mankhwala omwe amalimbitsa khoma lamitsempha (angioprotectors), othandizira ma antiplatelet ndi anticoagulants ndi mankhwala. Ndizothekanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamankhwala zolimbitsa thupi, monga magnetotherapy, laser therapy, acupuncture, etc.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndi retinopathy, boma la retina limayang'aniridwa ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, Photocoagulation imachitika.

Ndi nephropathy, zakudya zochepa zomanga thupi ndi mchere zimayikidwa. Mankhwala amatengedwa kuti muchepetse magazi. Ndi kukula kwambiri aimpso kulephera, hemodialysis amachitidwa.

Chithandizo cha polyneuropathy chimakhala poika mavitamini, mankhwala a lipoic acid ndi mankhwala omwe amasintha kufalikira kwa magazi, electrophoresis, kutikita minofu.

Chithandizo cha matenda osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amapezeka ndi mankhwala omwe amasintha kayendedwe ka magazi ndi malo amtunda (antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, angioprotectors, mavitamini). Massage, acupuncture ndi njira zina zolimbitsa thupi zimayikidwa. Onetsetsani kuti mukuvala nsapato zomwe sizimangirira phazi. Zilonda zikawoneka, thandizo la dokotala wothandizira limafunikira, mankhwala ochiritsira zilonda amalembedwa. Ndi chitukuko cha gangrene, chithandizo cha opaleshoni ndikofunikira.

Monga tawonera mu nkhaniyi, matenda ashuga ndi matenda ovuta, ndipo zovuta zimakhumudwitsa, motero ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo onse okhudzana ndi zakudya, mankhwala komanso moyo. Monga S. Ramishvili adati: "Kupewa matendawa ndiye njira yovomerezeka kwambiri."