Matenda a shuga ndi kukumbukira: deta yatsopano

Zaka 30 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kwachuluka kwambiri. Malinga ndi Polonsky (The 200 200 Year in Diabetes, N Engl J Med 2012), pafupifupi 27% ya anthu opitilira 65 ali ndi matenda amtunduwu. Kuphatikiza pazizindikiro zomwe sizosangalatsa kwenikweni kwa wodwala, matenda a shuga amakhala oopsa chifukwa chokhazikitsa gulu lonse pamavuto akulu, ambiri omwe amatha kubweretsa kulumala ndi kufa. Choyamba, izi zimagwira ntchito pazovuta za mtima. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pamene kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka, kusintha kosasintha kosasinthika kumapangika kukhoma la capillary khosi lonse la thupi. Chodabwitsachi chimatchedwa diabetesic angiopathy, chodziwika ndi kuphwanya kwamitsempha, kupindika kwapang'onopang'ono, chitukuko cha atherosulinosis, chizolowezi cha thrombosis, ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, kupezeka kwa minofu ndi mpweya ndi michere kumavulala kwambiri. Mwanjira ina, matenda a pang'onopang'ono, opita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono, ziwalo ndi minyewa imayamba. Zimabweretsa zovuta monga kutayika kwamaso, kusokonezeka kwa ntchito ya mtima ndi impso, gangrene yamapeto, kusokonekera kwambiri kwa metabolic (kudzikundikana kwa acetone m'magazi, acidosis, kuchepa kwa madzi a electrolyte kagayidwe kachakudya, kulepheretsa kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni, kuthamanga kwa mafuta, etc.

Kuphatikiza pa kupatuka pamwambapa kwa matenda ashuga, kugwira ntchito kwamkati kwamanjenje kukuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Izi zimawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kutopa, kuiwalaiwala, ndi kulephera kuphunzira. Nthawi zambiri, odwala amakhala ndi mavuto anzeru. Mwachitsanzo, kuyanjana pakati pa matenda a shuga ndi kutuluka kwa mitsempha yonse ya mtima (Crane et al., Glucose Levels and Risk of Dementia, N Engl J Med 2013) ndi matenda a Alzheimer's (Moeller et al., Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Zofunika Zatsimikizika posachedwapa zatsimikiziridwa. mu Mbiri ya Back of Mole ndi Mbiri Yomwe Mungakhale Ndi Mankhwala Othandizira, Kuunika kwa Endocrine, 2013). Kuphatikiza apo, odwala matenda a stroke ali pafupifupi katatu kukakhala ndi matenda a shuga poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga. Komabe, maulalo ambiri ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a kusintha kwamtunduwu mu minofu yaubongo sizinaphunzire mwatsatanetsatane.

Gulu la asayansi ochokera ku United States lotsogozedwa ndi Deepti Navaratna (Navaratna et al., Kuchepa kwa Cerebrovascular of TRKB kochokera kwa MMP9 muubongo wa matenda ashuga, J. Clin. Invest., 2013) adachita kafukufuku wovuta kudziwa momwe njira zopangira matenda osokoneza bongo amawonongeka mu metabolic shuga. Pachifukwa ichi, shuga woyesera adayeseza nyama zogulira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito streptozotocin, chinthu chomwe chimasankha mosavomerezeka ma cell a pancreatic beta (amapanga insulin). Mtunduwu ndiwokwanira bwino kwambiri, chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a shuga, monga mukudziwa, ndikusowa kwa insulini.

Chifukwa cha kuyesaku, zinali zotheka kudziwa kuti ndi matenda ashuga, ntchito ya enzyme yotchedwa matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) imachulukirachulukira. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magazi a zinthu zopangidwa glycated (glycosylated), ndiye kuti, ma protein a organic (makamaka mapuloteni) okhala ndi chakudya. Metalloproteinase, nayonso, imayamba kuwononga receptor yofunika kwambiri ya receptor TRKB (neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor), yomwe imayang'anira kupanga trophic factor bongo (BDNF) ndi microvessels. Zotsirizira zake zidapangidwa kuti zitsimikizire momwe magwiridwe antchito a ubongo amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito wina ndi mzake, mwa kuyankhula kwina, imakhala ndi gawo la gawo lochita bwino. Chifukwa chake, ndi kuchepa kwa BDNF kumachitika pamene matenda a shuga akupita patsogolo, kuwonongeka kozungulira kwa mitsempha yamkati kumachitika, kotchedwa cerebrovascular degeneration. Ubongo umatha kudziteteza ku zotsatira za kuchepa kwa minofu ndi zinthu zina zoyipa zomwe zimayenderana ndi kuperewera kwa insulin mthupi. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka ka zochitika, mawonekedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a ubongo amakhala operewera kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa chake, kukumbukira ndi kuphunzira zimachepa.

Chifukwa chake, zatsimikiziridwa kuti kuwonongeka kwa zochitika muubongo mu shuga kumayambitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito ya metalloproteinase-9 enzyme. Kukhazikika kwa mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa ntchito ya enzyme iyi ndi njira yatsopano yolimbikitsira yoteteza maselo a dongosolo lamkati la matenda ashuga.

Type 2 shuga? Samalira ubongo wanu - ndikosavuta!

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupsinjika kwa oxidative, komwe kumathandiza kwambiri pakuwonongeka kwa chidziwitso ndikukula kwa matenda a Alzheimer's. Kudya zakudya zamafuta kumatha kuyambitsa kwambiri chiwonetsero cha mitundu yaulere yomwe imayambitsa kupsinjika kwa oxidative ndikuwononga minofu, kuphatikiza minofu ya muubongo.

Zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa ubongo mu shuga

Maselo abongo amamva kwambiri kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi. Kwa iwo, ndiye gwero lamphamvu. Chifukwa chake, mu shuga mellitus, mosasamala mtundu wake, zosintha zimachitika zonse mu ziwiya ndi mu minyewa ya ubongo palokha.

Zizindikiro za kuperewera kwa mitsempha zikupita patsogolo pamene matenda ashuga akupita patsogolo, nthawi yayitali yayitali matendawa, m'pamenenso amakhudza kwambiri momwe amaganizira. Zimatanthauzanso kubwezeredwa kwa matenda ashuga komanso kupezeka kwa kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi kwamisempha.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umaphatikizidwa ndi kagayidwe kochepetsetsa, kuchepa kwa lipoproteins yapamwamba komanso kuchuluka kwa cholesterol. Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, odwala ndi onenepa kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi pafupipafupi kuposa mtundu woyamba.

Kusintha kwa mtima kwa minyewa kumayendera limodzi ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri chifukwa msinkhu wa odwala nthawi zambiri umayambitsa kutsika kwammimba, komanso zotupa za atherosulinotic ndi thrombosis mwa iwo.

Kuphatikiza apo, mwa anthu okalamba, veinial anteromoses sangaumbidwe kuti alandire kufalikira kwa magazi m'dera la minyewa yowonongeka yaubongo. Zomwe zimayambitsa dementia ku matenda a shuga ndi awa:

Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya thupi yogwetsa mapuloteni amyloid posowa insulin kapena insulin.
Kuwonongeka kwa khoma la mtima ndi hyperglycemia.
Kuwonongeka kwa lipid kagayidwe, komwe kumakwiyitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi
Zovuta za hypoglycemia zomwe zimatsogolera ku kufa kwa maselo aubongo.

Asayansi omwe adafufuza za ubale wapakati pa matenda ashuga ndi matenda a Alzheimer's awona kuti chiopsezo cha kuiwalika kwa matenda ashuga ndiwonjezeka kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa ndi kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Chimodzi mwazoganiza za ubale pakati pa matenda ndi kufanana kwa mapuloteni amyloid mu kapamba ndi ubongo.

Mu matenda a Alzheimer's, ma protein amyloid ndiomwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamagwirizane ndi ma neurons aubongo. Izi zimayambitsa zizindikiro monga kuchepa kwa kukumbukira ndi luntha mu matenda awa. Zowonongeka za maselo a beta omwe amapanga insulin, zochuluka za amyloid zimapezeka m'misempha ya kapamba.

Popeza minyewa yam'mimba imakulitsa mawonetseredwe a matendawa, imawerengedwa ngati yachiwiri yofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa matenda omwe afotokozedwa ndi Alzheimer.

Chifukwa minofu hypoxia kumabweretsa kutsegula kwa michere zomwe zimapangitsa kufooka kwa ubongo ntchito.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi ndi momwe zimakhudzira ubongo

Zizindikiro zina za matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga ku ubongo sizimawonekera nthawi yomweyo, makamaka ngati zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi shuga wambiri.

"Mu matenda a shuga, pakapita nthawi, mumakhala pachiwopsezo chowonongeka m'mitsempha yamagazi, kuphatikizapo mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi mu ubongo. Zilonda izi zimathetsa vuto loyera la ubongo, "atero MD, pulofesa wa Joseph C. Mesdu wa ku Houston Methodist Neurological Institute.

Choyera ndi gawo lofunikira mu ubongo kudzera momwe kulumikizana kwa minyewa yamitsempha kumachitika. Mapeto a mitsempha ya ubongo ikawonongeka, mutha kusintha pamalingaliro osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kuchepa kwa mitsempha ya mtima kapena kuchepa kwa mitsempha.

Kuvulala kwamitsempha kwa minyewa kumatha kuchitika kwa aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 kapena mtundu wa 2, ngakhale pali zovuta zina, "akutero a Joel Zonszane, MD ndi wamkulu wa Clinical Diabetes Center ku Montefiore Medical Center, chipatala chodziwika bwino ku Bronx (New York, USA ) "Mukamadwala matenda a shuga, mumakhala ndi mwayi wokulimbana ndi vuto la kuchepa m'mimba. Koma tikuwona kuti pali mwayi wocheperako wotukuka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 1, omwe ali ndi vuto lililonse, ”akutero.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amakhala otengeka kwambiri ndi zovuta za bongo zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa amakhala ndi kagayidwe kachakudya, mafuta ochepa a cholesterol (HDL), ma triglycerides okwanira komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndipo amatha kukhala onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa kwambiri, atero dotolo.

Chifukwa chake, kuti tipewe kuwonongeka kwakapakati pa ziwiya zaubongo mu shuga mellitus, ndikofunikira kuti muzitha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

"Nthawi zina anthu amayesa njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira matenda ashuga asanayambe jakisoni wa insulin tsiku lililonse," akutero Dr. Zonszane. "Koma ndikofunikira kuyamba kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa glucose m'mwazi mukangoyamba matendawa, komanso osayesa mayeso osiyanasiyana mzaka zisanu zoyambirira."

Mu 2010, ogwira ntchito ku Jocelyn Diabetes Center adapeza zodabwitsa zokhudza mbali yosangalatsa yogwira ntchito muubongo: matenda a shuga amakhudza kupanga cholesterol mu ubongo. Ubongo umatulutsa cholesterol yake ndipo umayamba kugwira ntchito molakwika ngati uli ndi cholesterol yokwanira. Ofufuzawo apeza kuti cholesterol synthesis mu ubongo imagwera pansi kuposa momwe mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga imayendera.

"Kuchepa kwa cholesterol komweku kumatha kukhudza mitsempha yonse yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kayendetsedwe kazakudya, chikhalidwe, kukumbukira, ngakhale kupweteka komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi," atero Dr. Kahn, wamkulu woyeserera. Chifukwa chake, imatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zabwino kwambiri kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. ”

Zosazindikira za Hypoglycemic zimatha kubweretsa mavuto.

Ngati mukuwongolera matenda anu a shuga, ndiye zosavuta kuti mupewe kukula kwa hypoglycemia - shuga wamagazi ochepa. Koma, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti shuga yochepa yamwazi imakhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu komanso zowonekera kwambiri mu ubongo kuposa shuga.

Hypoglycemia, ngakhale yofatsa, nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta kwa odwala kuvomereza kuposa momwe ali ndi shuga wambiri. Kuchuluka kwa glucose kumawonjezera kusintha kwa zinthu ndipo kumapangitsa malingaliro a ubongo. Mutha kumva kupweteka mutu, chizungulire, kulumikizana bwino, ndikuyenda kapena kuyankhula kungakhale kovuta. Shuga wochepa kwambiri amatha kupweteketsa kapena kupweteketsa mtima, kupangitsa kukomoka, kapena kupangitsa kuti mukhale ndi vuto la hypoglycemic.

Dr. Gale Musen

Gail Musen, Ph.D., pulofesa wothandizira matenda a misala ku Harvard Medical School ku Boston anati: "Kuchita mobwerezabwereza za matenda oopsa kwambiri kungayambitse mavuto ambiri."

"Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayambira kwina, ndiye kuti izi sizikubweretsa ubongo kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma ngati nthawi zambiri mumakhala ndi shuga wochepa, ndiye kuti mutha kuyamba osazindikira kuti izi zikuchitika, ndipo izi zikuwopsa kwambiri, ”atero dotolo.

Vutoli limatchedwa "umbuli wa hypoglycemic," pomwe ubongo wanu suvutika kuzindikira shuga yochepa ya magazi. Izi zikachitika, mumasiya kuzindikira zizindikiro zoyambira za hypoglycemia - nseru, njala, kunjenjemera, khungu lozizira kapena lakhwangwala, kusokonekera mtima.

Nthawi zambiri zizindikirozi zimakhala zokwanira kuti munthu wodwala matenda ashuga adzuke yekha usiku chifukwa cha shuga ochepa wamagazi ndikudya china chokoma kuti ayimitse hypoglycemia. Koma chifukwa cha umbuli wa hypoglycemic, wodwalayo sangadzuke ndipo shuga yake ikupitirirabe kuzinthu zowopsa m'moyo.

Komanso, umbuli wa hypoglycemic ungathe kudabwitsidwa mukamayendetsa ndikuwatsogolera mwangozi.

Pakadali pano, asayansi sananenebe motsimikiza za momwe kuukira pafupipafupi kwa hypoglycemia kumayambitsa kukumbukirana kwanthawi yayitali kapena chiopsezo cha matenda a dementia. Kafukufuku wina wamkulu adawonetsa kuti shuga yochepa ya m'magazi sikhala ndi vuto lalitali kapena lokumbukira mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 Koma Kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuti pali ubale pakati pa kupezeka kwa vuto lalikulu la hypoglycemia ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda azisamba mwa anthu achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2.

"Choonadi ndichakuti kuyang'anira matenda ashuga ndikofunikira," akutero Dr. Joel Zonszane. "Mafuta otsika magazi sangakupatseni matenda a dementia, koma mudzamva bwino. "Mafuta okhathamira m'magazi, m'malo mwake, sangawononge kwambiri thanzi lanu, koma angayambitse mavuto a dementia."

Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse matenda anu kuti muteteze bongo wanu ku zotsatira za matenda ashuga.

Kodi matenda ashuga angayambitse matenda a Alzheimer's?

Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana akuonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa matenda ashuga ndi Alzheimer's. Odwala a shuga a Type 2 ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a Alzheimer's ngati anthu omwe alibe matenda ashuga. Koma kodi asayansi akuyesabe kuti adziwe ngati matenda a shuga ndi omwe amayambitsa matenda a Alzheimer's?

Peter Butler, MD, wamkulu wa bungwe la California Research Center, a Larry Hillblom ku Los Angeles, anati: "Matenda a Alzheimer's amadziwika ndi ma protein omwe amapezeka mkati mwa ubongo."

Mwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's, amyloid beta amapanga zotupa zomwe zimalepheretsa maselo amitsempha kuyanjana.

Mu kapamba, komwe insulin imapangidwa, "pali mapuloteni ofanana omwe amayambitsanso kuwonongeka kwa maselo ndi kufa," a Butler akuti. Njira izi zowonongera maselo a pancreatic beta ndi ma cell aubongo ndi ofanana kwambiri, mwina ali ndi ubale.

Nthawi yomweyo, Dr. Butler akuwonjezera kuti "mitsempha ya mitsempha (chiwopsezo cha vuto la shuga) ndi chifukwa china chopangitsa matenda a Alzheimer's. Izi zimapangitsa kuti nkhaniyo ikhale yosokoneza kwambiri. ”

"M'matenda osachiritsika, nkovuta kudziwa chifukwa chomwe maselo alephera kugwira ntchito," akutero a Butler. "Kungakhale kwanzeru kukhulupirira kuti munthu m'modzi ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's 100% kuchokera ku malo amyloid, pomwe wina adayamba chifukwa cha mtima wam'mimba," adatsiriza.

Dr. Gail Musen akuchititsa kafukufuku komwe akuyesera kuti awone ngati zizindikiro zakuchenjeza za Alzheimer's zitha kupezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi insulin."Phunziroli litithandizira kudziwa momwe kukana insulini kumathandizira kutenga chiwopsezo cha matenda a Alzheimer's, komanso kuzindikira anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chololeza kulowererapo kuti athandize kuchepetsa ngozizi," akutero.

Dr. Musen ndi ogwira nawo ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito maginito othandizira a michere (fMRI) kuphunzira ntchito zamaubongo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya kukana insulini, onse panthawi yopumula komanso pochita ntchito zosiyanasiyana zokumbukira.

1) Terri D'Arrigo. Matenda A shuga ndi Magazi Anu (Matenda A shuga ndi Bongo Lanu) // WebMD, February 17, 2015.

2) Kuwerenga shuga ndi Brain // Yoslin Diabetes Center, Meyi 26, 2011.

Kodi zovuta za shuga ndi ziti ndipo zimathandizidwa bwanji?

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Nthawi zambiri, pakakhala palibe chithandizo choyenera cha odwala matenda ashuga, zovuta za mtundu 2 za shuga zimachitika. Zambiri zimapita kumitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha yamagazi, kugonjetsedwa komwe kumatha kubweretsa mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa atherosulinosis, kuwonongeka kwa maso, mtima, impso, ndi ubongo. Komanso akuvutika kwambiri ndi matenda a m'mapazi.

Type 2 shuga mellitus amadziwika ndi njira yoopsa, ndipo, mwanjira iliyonse, imabweretsa chitukuko ndi kupezeka kwa zovuta. Koma zimazindikira kuti nthawi zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimapangitsa kuti matenda aziwoneka bwino.

Mavuto ambiri amakula chifukwa cha shuga wambiri. Matenda osiyanasiyana ndi zotupa za pakhungu zimawonekera patatha miyezi ingapo kuchokera kuwonetseredwa koyamba kwa matenda amtundu wa 2. Kupenda momwe zinthu ziliri zikuwonetsa kuti zovuta zitha kuyembekezeredwa pambuyo pa zaka 10 kapena 15, ngati chithandizo chake sichinali chokwanira.

Mavuto a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri nthawi zambiri amakhala obiriwira osakhazikika ndipo samadzipangitsa kumva. Nthawi yomweyo, wodwalayo amakhala bwino, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti palibe chomwe chikuwonetsa zovuta. Ndikovuta kwambiri kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zidawoneka, chifukwa kukula kwawo sikabwino. Munthu amene wadwala matenda amtundu wa 2 kapena matenda ashuga 2 amafunika kuwunika bwino kwambiri shuga.

Zovuta zake ndi ziti?

Ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi a wodwala, mavuto angabuke pakugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zambiri.

Type 2 shuga mellitus amachititsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, makoma awo amawonda kwambiri, ndipo kuperekera kwa okisijeni kumisempha yathupi kumasokonekera. Zotsatira zake chifukwa cha izi ndi kugunda kwa mtima, stroko, komanso mtima.
Poyerekeza ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya za impso, kulephera kwa impso ndi matenda oopsa kumachitika.
Ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya za retina, kupenya kwamaso kumachepa. Zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni za zovuta zina zimatha kukhala khungu.
Komanso, mitsempha yam'mimba imavutika chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa glucose metabolism. Zotsatira zake, ziwindi, kupweteka m'miyendo ndi manja, kufooka komanso kuchepa mphamvu kwa miyendo kumatha kuchitika.
Kusintha kwa khungu kumawonekeranso, chifukwa zilonda zam'mapazi zimawonekera chifukwa cha kutsika magazi.
Ntchito yama cell oyera m'magazi, omwe amatchedwa leukocytes, amasokonezedwa. Pazifukwa izi, chiopsezo cha matenda chikuwonjezeka, chomwe chimakwiya ndikuchepa kwa chitetezo chokwanira.

Chifukwa chake, zovuta zamtundu wa 2 shuga zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi mthupi la munthu. Popita nthawi, shuga wowonjezera m'magazi amachititsa kuchepa kwa minyewa yamitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa magazi kupita ku gawo limodzi kapena lina la wodwala. Kuwoneka kwa matenda ashuga kumabweretsa chakuti chiwonetsero cha chitukuko cha atherosulinosis chikukula kangapo.

Impso ndi mtundu 2 shuga

Monga mukudziwa, impso ndizosefera m'thupi la munthu, zomwe zimamasula ku zinthu zosafunikira zotulutsidwa mkodzo. Pamaso pa matenda a shuga a 2, ziwiya zazing'onoting'ono mu impso zimatsekedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mkodzo usasokonekere. Zotsatira zake, zinthu zimapezeka mkodzo kuti munthu wathanzi sayenera kukhalamo.

Zinthu izi zimaphatikizapo mapuloteni ndi shuga. Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga, kuperewera kwa impso kumachitika ndipo kulephera kwa impso kumayamba kuonekera. Kuwonongeka kwa impso mu mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga kumatha kuzindikirika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

kutupa
ochepa matenda oopsa
kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa mkodzo.

Pofuna kuti musasemphane ndi zovuta, wodwala yemwe ali ndi vuto lachiwiri la matenda ashuga amafunika kukhala ndi scanner kamodzi kamodzi pachaka, komanso kutenga mkodzo kuti akuwunikeni.

Type 2 matenda ashuga

Chizindikiro choyamba cha vuto ndi retinopathy, ndiko kuti, kuphwanya retina. Poyamba, izi sizimawoneka mwanjira iliyonse, koma pakapita nthawi, odwala matenda ashuga, owoneka bwino akuyamba kutha. Ndi chifukwa chaichi kuti anthu odwala matenda a shuga ayenera kuyesedwa ndi a ophthalmologist kamodzi pachaka.

Chidwi chachikulu chimaperekedwa kwa Fundus, chifukwa izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwone chithunzi chonse cha masomphenyawo. Zosintha zomwe zikuwoneka munthawi yake zithandizira kufotokozera mwachangu njira zochizira ndikusunga masomphenya.

Mtima wamtima

Ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga, zosokoneza mu mtima zimachitika nthawi zambiri. Chizindikiro cha zovuta ndi matenda oopsa, omwe amakula ndikukula. Mavuto ake amakhalanso oopsa - matenda a mtima komanso matenda a mtima.

Ngati wodwala ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndiye kuti ayenera kudziwongolera yekha. Kupanikizika kwapamwamba sikuyenera kupitirira 140 mm Hg. Art., Ndi otsika - 85 mm RT. Art. Mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimadziwika kuti munthu akachepetsa thupi, shuga m'magazi amabwerera mwakale komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Pamaso pa ochepa matenda oopsa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mchere wambiri supuni 1 patsiku. Ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa matenda a shuga a 2 sikubwerera mwachizolowezi, ndiye kuti dokotala amakupatsani mankhwala omwe amayenera kumwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi chiwembu china.

Miyendo Yotsika: mtundu 2 shuga

Chimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri za mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2 ndikuwonongeka kwa minofu ya kumapazi, kapena phazi la matenda ashuga. Pamaso pa phazi la odwala matenda ashuga, pamakhala kuphwanya zakudya zam'miyendo, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa miyendo ndikuwoneka ngati zilonda zam'mimba. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kudwala kumeneku kumakhala kugonja kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi m'mbali mwendo.

Kwa miyendo, ntchito yayikulu imawoneka ngati chithandizo. Chifukwa chake, phazi kumapazi, komwe katundu wolemetsa amagwera, amawonekera kwambiri masinthidwe pamene mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umayamba kuyenda m'njira yoopsa. Zinthu zotsatirazi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa miyendo:

ochepa matenda oopsa
kunenepa kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri,
kusuta
kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi ya matenda a shuga a 2 chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa odwala.

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha phazi la matenda ashuga ndi mawonekedwe a zilonda zam'mimba. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuganizira zamakina zotsatira, ndiye kuti, kupanikizika pamapazi poyenda, kupukutira nsapato ndi kuvulala kwina. Nthawi zambiri, kuwonongeka kwa phazi sikokwanira popanda neuropathy - kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, komwe kumawonjezera kukakamiza pamiyendo ina ya phazi mukamayenda.

Mukakhala ndi nthawi yayitali pazinthu zamagetsi, kumachitika zilonda zomwe zimakhudza minofu ya kumapazi. Matendawa amafika pomwepo. Kutengera kukula ndi kuya kwa malowedwe, zilonda zamitundu zotsatirazi zimasiyanitsidwa:

chilonda chapamwamba pomwe pakukhudzidwa khungu lokha,
zilonda zakuya zomwe zimakhudza mafupa, mafupa kapena matayala,
osteomyelitis, momwe mumawonongera mafupa ndi mafupa,
ovomerezeka, okhala ndi vuto la zala,
wamba gangrene wokhudzana ndi phazi lonse ndikutitsogolera.

Cholinga chachikulu cha kupezeka kwa vuto la phazi ndi neuropathy, momwe mumakhala kumva kukomoka, kuwotcha, kumva kuwawa, kupweteka m'miyendo, komanso kumva kuzizira. Kuchiritsidwa kwa zilonda zam'mimba za shuga kumachitika bwino mu 70% ya milandu. Ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amakonda kuchitira kunyumba. Kutalika kwa chithandizo chotere ndiku kuyambira pa 6 mpaka 14 milungu. Kwenikweni, chithandizo cha zilonda zam'mimba za m'matenda a shuga zimachitika pochiza omwe akhudzidwa ndi antiseptics. Mankhwalawa amaonedwa kuti ndi obiriwira bwino, ayodini, mafuta okhala ndi antibayotiki komanso Betadine.

Mavuto a zilonda zam'mimba zimafunika kuchipatala pomwepo, pomwe nthawi yake ndi mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri. Woopsa milandu, kudula mwendo wokhudzidwa kumachitika. Ngati chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chinali cholondola, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha zilonda chimachepetsedwa, ndipo njira yochiritsira imathandizira.

Kupewa kwa mapangidwe a zilonda zam'mimba

Ndi chisamaliro choyenera cha phazi, mutha kupewa mawonekedwe a zilonda zam'mimba. Ndi zofunikira:

kupatula kusuta, kuphatikizapo Hookah,
khalani otentha
kuyang'anira miyendo tsiku ndi tsiku,
tsiku lililonse, sambitsani mapazi anu m'madzi ofunda ndipo mukatha, mupukuleni ndi thaulo lofewa,
osapita opanda nsapato
kupatula pa nsapato yomwe ingakhale ndi mphamvu pamiyendo,
ndikofunikira kudula zala zanu mosamala, kuti msomali usafike pakhungu la zala, misomali itakonzedwa, ndikofunikira kuchitira zala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Ketoacidosis

Ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga, kupweteka kwambiri komanso kovuta kwambiri ndi ketoacidosis. Imatha kudziwonetsa pawokha pakulumphira kwakukuru mu metabolism yamafuta, chakudya chamagulu ndi mapuloteni chifukwa chosowa insulin. Kuphatikizika kwa matenda ashuga a mtunduwu amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi a m'matumbo a ketone, omwe ndi gulu la zinthu zophatikiza ndi mankhwala apakatikati ya kagayidwe kazakudya zamafuta, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.

Ngati chakudyacho sichitsatiridwa komanso chithandizo chosayenera m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone kumawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa maselo amitsempha ndi chikomokere. Ketoacidosis amatsimikiza ndi zomwe zimayambitsa:

kamwa yowuma
kugona
ludzu
kufooka
mutu
kununkhira kwa acetone mkamwa.

Ketoacidosis ikakula, wodwalayo amayamba kuzindikira ndipo amatha kugwa. Ngati zizindikiro zotere zimamveka, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyimbira foni dokotala. Chithandizo cha ketoacidosis chimachitika ndikuyeretsa magazi ku matupi a ketone oyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri komanso mosamalitsa kuchipatala.

Hypoglycemia

Mkhalidwe pomwe shuga m'magazi amatsika kwambiri, omwe ali 3 kapena 3.5 mmol / l, amatchedwa hypoglycemia. Zifukwa zitha kuphatikiza:

kumwa kwambiri mowa,
insulin
zochita zolimbitsa thupi,
kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe zochita zawo zimatsitsa shuga.

Kuchepetsa kwambiri gawo la shuga m'magazi kumatha kukhala koopsa, chifukwa izi zimayambitsa chisokonezo chowopsa pakudya kwa minofu ya muubongo. Mu gawo loyambirira la hypoglycemia, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimawonekera:

manja akunjenjemera
dzanzi la milomo
kuchuluka kukwiya
chizungulire
njala
thukuta lozizira
kufooka
kukopa kwa pakhungu.

Zizindikiro zapakatikati za hypoglycemia zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe otere: kuwonjezereka kwa mtima, kuwona kawiri, kutayika kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe, zosayenera, kukwiya kapena mkhalidwe wongokhala, chisokonezo. Ndi chiwonetsero chachedwa cha zizindikiro za hypoglycemia, wodwalayo amataya chikumbumtima ndipo kukokana kumayamba. Ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira, ndiye kuti amalangizidwa kuti azimwa zakudya zomwe zimamwa mosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, imwani msuzi kapena makapu atatu a tiyi ndi zidutswa 5 kapena 6 za shuga. Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa ndikuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

M'malo mwake, zovuta zochepa chabe za matenda a shuga zimawoneka mosavuta komanso zimafunikira kuchipatala msanga. Zochita zodzitchinjiriza ndi chithandizo chenicheni ndicho makamaka polimbana ndi matendawa. Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kulandira mankhwala moyenera kumachepetsa ngozi.

Kutaya Kwam'mawa kwa Matenda Atsopano: Zizindikiro za Dementia

Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Mavuto a shuga amaphatikizira kuwonongeka kwa khoma la mtima ndi kukula kwa micro- ndi macroangiopathy. Akayamba kufalikira kumitsempha ya ubongo, matenda a shuga amayamba.

Amayikidwa ngati chizindikiro cha polyneuropathy yapakati. Lingaliroli limaphatikizapo mawonetseredwe ambiri kuchokera kumutu komanso chizungulire mpaka ntchito yovuta yamisala.

Kuperewera kwa mitsempha ya mtima kumachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a kuchepa kwa chakudya ndi lipid metabolism, vuto la kuperewera kwa ubongo, hypoxia. Izi zimabweretsa kudzikundikira kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi poizoni, zomwe zimathandizira kuwonongeka kwa ntchito zapamwamba za ubongo.

Zizindikiro za Masewera a shuga a Mental

Gulu la zidziwitso zokhudzana ndi chiwonetsero cha dementia limaphatikizapo mavuto pokumbukira, kuganiza, kuthetsa mavuto a tsiku ndi tsiku komanso chikhalidwe. Amaphatikizaponso zovuta zamagwiritsidwe ntchito zomwe sizimayenderana ndi zigawo za necrosis kapena njira ya chotupa mu ubongo.

Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, mawonetseredwe awa amalimbikira, chifukwa amalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zowonjezera m'magazi kupita ku ubongo. Ukalamba amathanso kuchulukitsa kuzindikira ndi kuganiza.

Zizindikiro za kuchepa mtima m'matenda a shuga amakhazikika pang'onopang'ono, kumapita patsogolo kwambiri ndi hyperglycemia. Poyamba, odwala zimawavuta kukumbukira komanso kukhala ndi chidwi. Kenako anaphwanya kuthekera kwa kulingalira kwanzeru ndi kukhazikitsa ubale wopatsirana.

Ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimakulitsa:

Kuzindikira kwa dziko lakunja ndikuwongolera nthawi, malo amachepetsa.
Makhalidwe a munthu amasintha - kukopa komanso kusayanjana ndi ena zimayamba.
Kutha kuchita zinthu pawokha kumatayika.
Odwala sangathe kumvetsetsa zatsopano, kukumbukira zakale kumapereka kwa zatsopano.
Amasiya kuzindikira achibale komanso anzawo.
Maluso apanyumba ndi waluso, kuwerenga ndi kuwerengera mphamvu sizitha.
Mawuwo akuchepa, mawu omwe alibe tanthauzo amaonekera.

Mukukula kwake, kuchepa kwa mitsempha ya minyewa kumatha kuwoneka ngati kukwiya komanso kuyerekezera zinthu zina, odwala amadalira kwathunthu kunja, popeza sangathe kuchita zinthu zina zapakhomo mosavuta.

Chithandizo cha matenda a dementia mu shuga

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zidawulula mgwirizano wa matenda a Alzheimer's ndi matenda a shuga ndi kupezeka kwa zotsatira za mankhwala a antidiabetesic kuti muchepetse kupitilira kwa dementia.

Chifukwa chake, kuyika kwakanthawi kwamankhwala kuti muchepetse shuga ndikwaniritse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso cholesterol yotsika komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi, kungachedwetse kukula kwa dementia mu matenda a shuga.

Ndi chithandizo choyenera, kuphatikiza kusintha kwa insulin yodwala matenda amitundu yachiwiri, pali kuchepa kwamphamvu kwamipweya ya neuropsychological. Komanso, magawo a hypoglycemia ndi owopsa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi ziwalo zamitsempha zamaubongo, chifukwa amalepheretsa chizindikiritso.

Kuchepetsa kukumbukira mu shuga kumathandizidwanso ndi ma neuroprotectors, omwe amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito maphunziro:

Kuphatikiza apo, kukonzekera kwa mavitamini a B kungathe kulembedwa - Neurorubin, Milgamm.

Mu chithunzi cha matenda a dementia, kuperekera mankhwala kosalekeza kumanenedwa kuti kukonzenso kukumbukira ndi kuzindikira. Izi ndi monga: donepezil (Alpezil, Almer, Donerum, Paliksid-Richter), galantamine (Nivalin, Reminyl), Rivastigmin, memantine (Abiksa, Meme, Remanto, Demax).

Njira zodzitetezera zimaphatikizapo kutsatira zakudya zomwe zimaphatikizapo nsomba, nsomba zam'madzi, mafuta a azitona ndi masamba atsopano, zokometsera, makamaka turmeric. Nthawi yomweyo, kuwonjezera pazoletsa zachikhalidwe za zakudya zotsekemera, ufa ndi mafuta, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kumwa kwa nyama ndi mkaka.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zovomerezeka, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa kutengera mkhalidwe woyamba wa wodwalayo, komanso maphunziro a kukumbukira momwe amapangidwira masewera a chess, cheke, kuthetsa mawu osokoneza mawu, zidutswa, zopeka.

Kugona mokwanira komanso malingaliro kukana kupsinjika ndikofunikanso. Chifukwa cha izi, ndizotheka kulimbikitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikupuma magawo kwa odwala. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akupitiliza mutu wa mavuto a shuga.

Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Kodi matenda ashuga amakhudza bwanji ubongo?

Matenda a shuga amayambitsa machitidwe onse mthupi. Glucose ndiye chinthu chachikulu pakupanga ubongo ndi mphamvu. Kusintha kwa magawo osokoneza bongo kumawonongera ubongo, kusokoneza ma cellular ndikupangitsa kufa pang'onopang'ono kwa minofu ya muubongo. Kukula kwa Zizindikiro ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa kumatengera mtundu wake, moyo wa wodwalayo, kuwongolera ndi kusamalira shuga. Popita nthawi, mutazindikira ndi kukalamba kwachilengedwe, thupi limayamba kuchepa.

Shuga amachepetsedwa nthawi yomweyo! Matenda a shuga m'kupita kwa nthawi angayambitse matenda ambiri, monga mavuto amawonedwe, khungu ndi tsitsi, zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba komanso matenda otupa! Anthu amaphunzitsa zinzake zowawa kuti azisintha shuga. werengani.

Matenda a dementia amakula nthawi zambiri ndimatenda a shuga a 2 ndipo amakhala ovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta zingapo:

kunenepa kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri,
kuthamanga kwa magazi,
kuchuluka mafuta m'thupi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa dementia ku matenda ashuga:

kuzungulira kwa magazi, kuchepa kwamitsempha yamagazi, kumakonda kupanga ziwalo zamagazi,
kuchuluka kwa mpweya wamaselo a maselo, ziwalo ndi minofu,
kuphwanya lipid kagayidwe, kupangitsa kuti mafuta a cholesterol,
kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni
kuphwanya kwamadzi ndi mafuta kagayidwe,
kudzipatula ndi kufalikira kwa zinthu zowola m'magazi,
Kuchepetsa mapangidwe a antibody, chiwopsezo cha matenda,
hypoglycemia - kuchepa kwambiri kwa glucose, kupangitsa kuti munthu asataye chikumbumtima, kufa, maselo aubongo.

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Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa shuga

Matenda komanso kukalamba kwachilengedwe kwa thupi kumakhala ndi zowononga zochitika muubongo. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, chiwonetsero cha dementia chikukula. Zizindikiro za kukhala ndi dementia:

kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira
kusokonezeka ndende,
kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa chidziwitso chatsopano,
kuwonongeka kwa kusintha kwa nthawi ndi malo,
kutopa,
kuvutika kuwerenga, kulemba,
kukula kwa zovuta m'malingaliro - kusasamala ena, zosokoneza zakunja zakunja, ulesi,
kutsitsa mawu, kuvuta popanga malingaliro ndikupanga ziganizo zogwirizana.

Kuopsa kwa dementia ku matenda a shuga kumayambitsa kulephera kwa wodwalayo kuthana ndi thanzi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo amachitapo kanthu moyenera pazakusintha popanda thandizo lakunja.

Ndi matendawa, wodwalayo amalephera kudzithandiza yekha ndikuchita zinthu zosavuta:

pamakhala chisokonezo m'mlengalenga,
Kusintha kwa machitidwe kumawonjezera - wodwalayo amakhala okwiya, okhumudwa,
kuyerekezera kwamawu ndi zowonera zimachitika, zabodza,
kuthekera kozindikira anthu, zinthu zimatayika.

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Zochizira

Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa ndicholinga chokweza kuchuluka kwa shuga, kukhazikika komanso kusunga kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kutsitsa magazi, komanso kutsitsa cholesterol. Milandu yayikulu ya matenda komanso kulephera kwa wodwalayo kudzipereka okha, chithandizo chamankhwala chimachitika kuchipatala.