Kodi kapamba umakhala bwanji mwa anthu: malo ndi matupi ake

Ntchito yayikulu ya kapamba ndikupanga madzi a kapamba, omwe amapereka njira za chimbudzi. Mapangidwe a chithokomiro ndi achindunji, omwe amafotokozedwa ndi ntchito ya kubisala, komwe zimatengera.

Mfundo zoyendetsera thupi ndi zosavuta. Munthu akayamba kudya, pang'onopang'ono kukula kwamadzi a pancreatic kumayamba. Izi ndichifukwa choti mumkamwa mwa munthu aliyense pamakhala ma receptors apadera omwe amapatsira chizindikirocho kumapazi, pambuyo pake ntchito yake imayamba.

Chifukwa chake, ntchito ziwiri zazikuluzikulu zamthupi zimatha kusiyanitsidwa:

Kutenga mbali mokwanira pakukamata.
Kusintha shuga.

Ntchito ya pancreatic

Pakupanga kwamadzi a pancreatic, omwe amakulolani kugaya chakudya cholowa mthupi, acini ndi omwe ali ndi udindo. Kuphatikiza apo, amanyamula madzi kupita nawo ku Wirsung duct, ndiye njira yayikulu ya chiwalochi.

Madzi a m'mimba palokha ali ndi magawo awiri:

Enzymes Aliyense enzyme iliyonse imayang'ana zomwe zili mkati mwa chakudya chomwe chikubwera, i.e. imaphwanya chakudya, mapuloteni ndi mafuta pazinthu zomwe thupi limatha kuyamwa.
Bicarbonates Zinthu izi zimalepheretsa ma acid omwe amachoka pamimba kupita ku duodenum.

Ngati kapamba wayamba kugwira ntchito molakwika, ma ducts ake amayamba kutha, ndipo michere yamagayilo imayamba kukhazikika mkati mwake. Mwachilengedwe, ntchito ya ma enzyme imakhalabe yemweyo, i.e. amayamba kuswa osati mapuloteni komanso zakudya zamafuta, koma ma cell a pancreatic, omwe amatsogolera pakupanga kwa poizoni ndi necrosis.

Makamaka, pancreatitis yachilendo imayamba chimodzimodzi. Vutoli limadziwika ndi kupweteka kwakukuru mu kapamba, komwe kumafuna kuyambika kwa kuchitapo kanthu kwakanthawi.

Kuphatikiza pa gawo la exocrine, pali tsamba la endocrine organ. Ngati acini atenga pafupifupi 98% ya tinthu tambiri, ndiye kuti 2% yokha ya maselo otchedwa islets of Langerhans omwe amazindikira ntchito ya endocrine. Maselo amenewa amatulutsa mahomoni apadera omwe amapanga mafuta ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri.

Mitundu yotsatirayi ya mahomoni imapangidwa:

Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amayang'anira zinthu zonse zomwe zimalowa m'maselo.
Glucagon imayang'anira kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati pali shuga wambiri, ndiye kuti glucagon imatulutsa kuchokera m'masitolo a adipose minofu.
Polypeptin. Ili ndi ntchito yofanana ndi somatostatin, i.e. Amatha kuyimitsa kugwira ntchito kwa mahomoni onse ngati kugwira ntchito kwawo sikufunikira.

Pankhaniyi, insulin imachita mbali yapadera. Ngati sikokwanira mthupi, ndiye kuti matenda ashuga amayamba - matenda omwe amawonedwa ngati osachiritsika.

Mu moyo wonse, munthu amayenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ake, kutsika kapena kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin.

Mawonekedwe anatomical

Pancreas anatomy ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakumvetsetsa kugwira ntchito kwa chiwalo ichi, komanso gawo lake mthupi lonse. Mphengoyi ndi chiwalo cholowera pang'ono komanso chopindika. Ngati mukuyesa kukula kwake, ndiye kuti ndi gawo ili ndi lachiwiri kokha kwa chiwindi.

Ngati mukuchita ma ultrasound, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa kapamba kumafanana kwambiri ndi maphunziro ofanana ndi chiwindi, i.e. Imakhala yopangidwa mwaluso komanso yolingidwa bwino. Chochititsa chidwi, pali ubale wotsimikizika pakati pa kuphatikizika kwa anthu ndi kuphatikizika kwa ziwalozi. Chifukwa chake, mwa anthu ochepa thupi kumakhala kuchulukana, ndipo kwathunthu - kumachepetsedwa.

Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, pafupifupi milungu 5, kukula koyambirira kwa ziwalo izi kumachitika. Njira yopanga kapamba imapitirira mpaka mwana atakwanitsa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mwachilengedwe, kukula kwa ziwalo pang'onopang'ono kumakula, kutengera zaka za mwana:

Mwana wakhanda - kukula pafupifupi 5.5 cm.
Mwana ali ndi chaka chimodzi - pafupifupi 7 cm.
Mwa mwana wazaka khumi, kukula kwa kutalika kumafika mpaka 15 cm.

Kukula kwa kapamba, kapangidwe kake

Ngati tizingolankhula za kukula kwa chiwalo mwa munthu wamkulu, ndiye kuti akhoza kukhala osiyana. Pafupifupi, kutalika kwa chithokomiro kumakhala pakati pa 16 mpaka 23 cm, ndipo makulidwe osaposa masentimita 5. Kulemera kwa ziwalo kumasiyana, kutengera zaka za munthu. Mwachitsanzo, mwa bambo kapena mayi wazaka zapakati, chiwalochi chimatha kulemera magalamu 60 mpaka 80, ndipo mwa anthu achikulire - osaposa 60 magalamu.

Ma paramu amthupi sangayane ndi miyeso yomwe ili pamwambapa. Kukula kwa chiwalo kumatha kuchitika ndi kapamba, yemwe amadziwika ndi kutupa ndi kutupa kwa minofu. Chifukwa chake, chiwalo cholimbacho chimakanikizira ziwalo zina zamkati zomwe zili pafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale ndi vuto.

Mbali inayi, atrophy ya parenchyma imadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa kukula kwa kapamba. Chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi chizindikiro chimodzi, monga kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba, muyenera kufunafuna thandizo nthawi yomweyo.

Kapangidwe ka limba kali motere:

Mutu. Ndiye gawo lalikulu kwambiri la gland, ndipo ili m'chiuno cha duodenum, pang'ono kumanja kwa msana.
Thupi. Ili mkati mwakuya kwam'mimba, ndikupita kumanzere kwa m'mimba.
Mchira, momwe ma cell opanga ma mahoni amapezeka. Ili pafupi ndi ndulu.

Mwambiri, gawo lalikulu la chiwalocho ndi parenchyma, yomwe imakutidwa pamwamba ndi kapisozi konyowa. Gawo la parenchyma la kapangidwe kake ka ziwalo ndi 98 peresenti ya misa yonse.

Malo Okhala

Komwe kuli kapamba ndikofunikira kuti timvetsetse momwe gululi limagwirira ntchito. Monga tanena, malo a thupi ndi motere:

Gawo lalikulu la gland, kupatula mutu, lili kuseri kwa m'mimba. Thupi ndi mchira wa chiwalo chili kumbali yakumanzere kwamatumbo pamtunda wapamwamba - pafupifupi 7 cm.
Ponena, imakutidwa ndi chiuno chowoneka ngati kavalo.

Komwe kuli kapamba ndizotetezeka kwathunthu kumbali zonse. Chipilala cham'mimba chimakhala kumbuyo kwa cholocha, ndi m'mimba kutsogolo. Kumbali zonse, zonse ndizotetezedwa:

Kumanja kuli duodenum.
Kumanzere kuli ndulu.

Kulumikizana ndi matupi ena

Ntchito ya kapamba imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zomwe zili pafupi. Kuzungulira gland kuli impso, matumbo, chiwindi, mitsempha yambiri yamagazi, ndi zina zambiri. Mwachilengedwe, ngati chiwalo chimodzi chikukhudzidwa ndi matenda aliwonse, ndiye kuti izi zimatha kuthana ndi ziwalo zina zomwe zili pafupi. Izi zikufotokozera kufanana kwa zizindikiro zamatenda osiyanasiyana.

Zochita za gland zimayenderana kwambiri ndi ntchito wamba ya duodenum. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu ali ndi vuto la zilonda zam'mimbazi, ndiye kuti atha kupezeka ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Chizindikiro cha matendawa ndi kutukusira kwa tiziwalo timene timayambitsa kupindika.

Ngati chithandizo choyenera sichinayambike munthawi yake, ndiye kuti kapamba angasiye kugwira ntchito. Ine.e. thupi silitulutsa ma enzyme okhala ndi mahomoni, ndipo minyewa yathupiyo idzagonjetsedwa ndi necrosis komanso kusintha pang'onopang'ono kwa khungu ndi mawonekedwe osakanikirana.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana, omwe ali pachiwopsezo kale pa moyo wa wodwalayo, chifukwa peritonitis imayamba motsutsana ndi maziko awo.

Matenda a kapamba

Malinga ndi ICD-10, kapamba amatha kudwala matenda angapo.

Matenda ofala kwambiri omwe anthu amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana amavutika nawo ndi pancreatitis yayikulu.

Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amapezeka chifukwa cha amene amamwa mowa kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, pancreatitis pachimake imachitika pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zakudya zovulaza, kuphatikiza mafuta ndi zakudya zosuta.
Zinthu zoyipa.
Miyala mu chikhodzodzo.
Zowopsa, komanso zovuta pambuyo pakuchita opareshoni.
Matenda opatsirana.
Kulandila kwamagulu ena amankhwala.

Ndizachidziwikire kuti ndi matenda awa, chakudya chokhazikika chokhazikitsidwa, chimachotsa kwathunthu zakudya zamchere, zokazinga ndi zonunkhira.

Kuphatikiza apo, chotupa pa chiwalo ichi chimapezeka nthawi zambiri. Ndi mawonekedwe owaza odzaza ndi madzi omwe amapezeka parenchyma. Zomwe zimawoneka ngati mapangidwe a cystic sangakhale kokha moyo wolakwika wa munthu, komanso kukhalapo kwa matenda achipani.

Makamaka, kapamba amitundu yosiyanasiyana, matenda, komanso zilonda zam'mimba komanso zotupa zimatha kusintha mawonekedwe a cyst.

Ngati munthu wasokoneza njira yopanga insulin mthupi, ndiye kuti amadwala matenda a shuga. Nthawi zambiri, zimawonekera motsutsana ndi momwe munthu wakhudzidwira matendawo pankhaniyi, koma pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zina:

Kunenepa kwambiri.
Matenda ena a chiwalo ichi.
Kukhala okhazikika pamavuto.
Fuluwenza ndi matenda ena oyambitsidwa ndi ma virus.
Ukalamba.

Nayi mndandanda wa matenda ena omwe kapamba amadwala.

Pancreatic necrosis. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kusintha kwakuwonongeka kwa ziwalo parenchyma, zomwe zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a pancreatitis pachimake. Pali zifukwa zinanso zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa apangidwe, koma pafupifupi 10% ya milandu sizotheka kudziwa zonse zomwe zinapangitsa izi.

Khansa Matendawa amatengedwa ngati osowa, komanso amapezekanso. Zina mwazinthu zomwe zikuwonetsa chidwi ndikuzunzidwa kwa zizolowezi zoipa, kunenepa kwambiri komanso chifukwa cha majini.

Monga tikuwonera, mavuto ambiri ndi kapamba akanatha kupewedwa ngati munthu anali okhwima kwambiri pa moyo wake. Mowa, ndudu, zakudya zamafuta ndi mchere - zonsezi, njira imodzi kapena ina, zimakhudza mkhalidwe wa chinthuchi. Zachidziwikire, matenda a pancreatic samangokhala kokha motsutsana ndi maziko ogwiritsira ntchito molakwika zizolowezi zoipa, koma ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

Mankhwala osiyanasiyana amatha kuthandizira polimbana nawo, koma ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti popanda kusintha momwe mumakhalira komanso zakudya, ndizokayikitsa kuti mutha kukwaniritsa zotsatira zamankhwala.

Pomaliza

Zikondazo zimagwira ntchito zambiri zofunika, popanda zomwe thupi sizingatheke. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe zinthu ziliri, osadzaza katundu ndi mankhwala owopsa. Izi sizingokhudza gawo la chiwalo lokha, komanso zimapangitsa mawonekedwe a chotupa.

Kapangidwe ndi kagwiridwe kake kofotokozedwera kanema mu nkhaniyi.

Komwe kuli kapangidwe kake ka macroscopic

Chotulutsa chachikulu kwambiri m'mimba chimapezeka mozungulira kumbuyo kwa patsekeke. Komwe kuli anatomical kapamba ndiye mulingo wa lumbar vertebrae (L1-L2) ndi m'mimba. Chida cham'mimba chokhala ndi mawonekedwe okhala ndi malo okhala, okhala ndi zigawo zazing'ono (lobules) ozunguliridwa ndi thumba limodzi. Tizilombo ta Glandular timazunguliridwa ndi zokutira zamafuta zomwe zimateteza kapangidwe kake ka kapamba kuti asawonongeke mwa makina. Magawo a gawo la anatomical ali ndi kuthekera kwawo ndi ma mtima, ndiye kuti, machitidwe amitsempha yamagazi.

Madzi a pancreatic amachotseredwa ndi ma tubules kulowa kapamba, kumapeto kwake komwe kumakhala kukhoma kwa duodenum. Njira yogaya chakudya imakhalanso ndi duct wamba ya bile yomwe imachokera ku chiwindi ndi chikhodzodzo. Macroscopic kapangidwe ka kapamba:

Mutu, womwe umakhala mbali yakumanja, yoyandikana ndi duodenum.
Thupi lokhala ndi mawonekedwe achitatu.
Mchira - gawo loyera kapena la peyala.

Zambiri mwa izi zokhala ndi gawo lamtanda losakhazikika limakhala kumanzere kwa midline ya thupi.

Kapangidwe kakang'ono kwambiri ka kapamba

Kapangidwe kakang'ono kwambiri ka kapamba ndi mawonekedwe osokoneza bongo a alveolar-tubular omwe amayang'anira ntchito ziwiri zazikulu: exocrine ndi endocrine. Gawo la exocrine kapena procrine limapangidwa ndi maselo amkati, omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale ma enzymes ambiri ndi maselo otsogola omwe amapanga ntchofu. Kusakaniza kwa zosakaniza izi ndi madzi a pancreatic, omwe amapangidwa kuchuluka kwa 0,5 mpaka 2 malita patsiku. Ma enzyme omwe amapangidwa amatenga nawo mbali pang'onopang'ono kugaya zinthu mu duodenum komanso mbali zina zamatumbo.

Gawo la endocrine, kapena gawo lophatikizika la mashopu a Langerhans, ndi gulu lotulutsa ma cell a mahomoni omwe amakhala mchira wa kapamba. Amamwazikana paliponse la parenchyma, osapanga gawo limodzi.

Pazilumba za Langerhans, pali mitundu ingapo ya maselo yomwe yapezeka yomwe imapanga mahomoni ndi mapuloteni osiyanasiyana:

maselo a alpha secrete glucagon, pokhala wotsutsana ndi insulin,
beta cell seculin insulin, zoletsa gluconeogeneis,
Delta cell secrete somatostatin, yomwe imalepheretsa kuzungulira kwa glandular,
mas cell secrete pancreatic polypeptide, yomwe imalimbikitsa kubisala kwa madzi a m'mimba,
maselo a epsilon secrete ghrelin, timadzi timene timalimbikitsa chidwi chathu.

Pancreatic michere

Ma Enzymes omwe amapezeka mumadzi a pancreatic amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupukusa chakudya, ndikugawa kapangidwe kake muzinthu zosavuta - chakudya, mapuloteni ndi mafuta. Chofunika kwambiri mwa izo:

amylase
trypsinogen
chymotrypsinogen,
kapamba kapamba
phospholipases
carboxypeptidases.

Zina mwazinthu izi zimapangidwa ndikusungidwa mwa ma proenzymes osagwira ntchito kuti mupewe kudzipulumutsa pancreas. Kusintha kwawo komaliza kukhala ma enzymes amphamvu kumachitika m'matumbo lumen mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimasungidwa kumeneko, kuphatikizapo enterokinase ndi mahomoni oyambitsidwa kale.

Ma pancreatic mahomoni ndi ntchito zawo

Mahomoni ofunikira kwambiri omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba ndi insulin ndi glucagon. Pamodzi amathandizira kagayidwe kazakudya. Insulin imakulitsa kulowa kwa glucose m'maselo ndikudziunjikira nkhokwe zake, makamaka m'misempha ndi chiwindi, mu mawonekedwe a glycogen. Izi ndi gawo lamphamvu losungira thupi la munthu.

Kusowa kwa insulin kumabweretsa imodzi mwazowopsa komanso nthawi yomweyo matenda wamba - mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga. Ngati kapamba satulutsa timadzi tokwanira, wodwala yemwe samamwa mankhwala ali pachiwopsezo cha kufa.
Glucagon imakhala ndi zotsutsana - imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikuwonjezera kupezeka kwake mumikhalidwe yovuta, panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena luntha. Njira ngati imeneyi imayambitsa glycogenolysis mthupi, ndiye kuti kuphwanya kwa glycogen.

Maselo ena a pancreatic pachilumba cha Langerhans amapanganso mahomoni ofunikira pakukula kwa thupi, mwachitsanzo, somatostatin, yomwe imasintha chinsinsi cha kukula kwa mahomoni.

Matenda wamba a kapamba

Kapangidwe ndi kapamba komanso zinthu zomwe amapanga zimakhudza kwambiri njira ya zopweteka zomwe zimaphatikizidwazo. Chifukwa cha kuyikika kumbuyo kwa m'mimba, kupezeka kwa matenda a kapamba kumachedwa, makamaka ngati njira zotupa zili mchira. Izi zimachedwetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa chithandizo choyenera. Ndikosavuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kapamba chifukwa cha kutupa, kupezeka kwa chotupa kapena khansa.

Nthawi zambiri chizindikiro choyamba kutupa kwa kapamba - jaundice ndi kapamba pachimake. Zoterezi zitha kuchitika chifukwa chotseka ngalande ya duodenal ndi ma gallstones. Kukula kwa kutupa pachimake nthawi zambiri kumachitika msanga, ndimatenda kwambiri. Izi zimatha kudzetsa peritonitis ndi chiwopsezo cha moyo kwa wodwalayo chifukwa chodzidzimutsa, kuchepa thupi komanso kusowa kwa insulin. Kutulutsa kosalamulika kwa michere ya m'mimba ndi kutsegulira kwawo mu pancreatic parenchyma kumatha kubweretsa kudzichiritsa nokha kapena necrosis.

Kapangidwe ka kapamba

Pancreas anatomy imaphatikizapo zotsatirazi. Kulemera pafupifupi kwa chiwalo ndi 100 g, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 15. Kwa ma pathologies osiyanasiyana, kukula kwa ziwalozo kumatha kukhala kosiyanasiyana. Kutupa kumachitika (pancreatitis), kukula nthawi zambiri kumawonjezeka, ndipo atrophy ya iron amachepetsa.

Chiwalocho chimagawidwa m'magawo atatu: mutu, thupi ndi mchira.

Yoyamba ili pafupi ndi duodenum. Mchira umalumikizana ndi ndulu, ndiwokwera kuposa mutu ndi thupi.

Akuluakulu, malire kumtunda kwa gland ali pamlingo wa 8-10 masentimita pamwamba pa navel. Mu ana, chiwalo chimakhala chapamwamba, ndi zaka zimatsika.

Kapangidwe ka kapamba ndizovuta, chifukwa amatenga mbali ziwiri zosiyanasiyana.

Chipolopolo chakunja chimakhala ndi zokutidwa ndi minofu yolumikizana, yomwe imagwira ntchito yoteteza.

Pancreas ili mkati mwakuya kwa patoperitoneal patsekeke. Chifukwa cha kutengera mawonekedwe, amatetezedwa kuti asawonongeke. Kutsogolo kwake, kumatetezedwa ndi khoma lam'mimba ndi ziwalo zamkati, kumbuyo ndi minofu ndi msana. Kudziwa mawonekedwe a malo a chiwalocho mthupi la munthu, munthu amatha kuzindikira pancreatitis kapena zovuta zina motsimikiza. Popeza mchira wa gland uli pafupi ndi ndulu, ululu womwe umagwira ntchito sizingomvekera m'gawo la epigastric, komanso udzapatsidwa hypochondrium yakumanja kapena kumanzere (nthawi zina, kumbuyo).

Kapangidwe ka kapamba kamakhala ndi mawonekedwe: minofu imakhala ndi unyinji waukulu wa males (acini), olekanitsidwa ndi magawo. Pakati pa acini pali zisumbu za Langerhans, zomwe ndi zigawo zamagulu. Masamba awa ndi omwe amapangitsa kuti mahomoni azisungidwa mkati. Ziphuphuzi zimakhala ndi maselo owoneka ngati 8-12 okhazikika molumikizana, pakati pomwe ma ducts amapezeka kuti atulutsidwe.

Magazi amapezeka

Kuonetsetsa kuti chitsulo chikugwira ntchito moyenera, chimakhala ndi dongosolo lochotsetsa magazi, popeza momwe umagwirira ntchito wake umakhala wovuta ndipo umafuna kugwira ntchito zingapo.

Mitsempha yapamwamba ya pancreatoduodenal ndi nthambi za hepatic artery zimapereka magazi kutsogolo kwa mutu, pomwe dera lakumbuyo limatsukidwa ndi mtsempha wam'munsi.

Thupi ndi mchira zimaperekedwa ndi magazi ndi nthambi za splenic artery, zomwe zimagawika mkatikati mwa thupi kukhala ma capillaries ambiri.

Kutuluka kwa magazi akunyumba kumaperekedwa ndi mitsempha yapamwamba komanso yotsika kwambiri ya pancreatoduodenal.

Ntchito yogaya

Kutulutsa kofala kwa gland kumalowa m'matumbo a duodenum. Ili ndi poyambira mchira, ndipo m'mutu limalumikizana ndi ndulu za ndulu.

Udindo wa chiwalo chimbudzi umatsimikizika ndikupanga ndikutulutsa kwa michere yokumba m'mimba, monga:

lipase - kuphwanya mafuta ku mafuta acids ndi glycerin,
amylase - amasintha ma carbohydrate ovuta kukhala glucose, omwe amalowa m'magazi ndikupatsa thupi mphamvu,
trypsin - agawa mapuloteni kukhala amino acid osavuta,
chemotrypsin - imagwira ntchito yomweyo ngati trypsin.

Ntchito ya ma enzymes ndiyo kuphwanya mafuta, chakudya chamthupi ndi mapuloteni muzinthu zosavuta ndikuthandizira thupi kuyamwa kwawo. Chinsinsi chake chimachita zamchere ndipo zimalepheretsa asidi amene chakudyacho achita kuti chikonzedwe m'mimba. Ndi pathology (mwachitsanzo, pancreatitis), njira zamatenda zodutsa, chinsinsi chimasiya kulowa mu duodenum. Mafuta amalowa m'matumbo momwe amapangidwira, ndipo chinsinsi chimayenda mumkodzo ndikuyamba kupukusa minofu ya ziwalo, zomwe zimayambitsa necrosis komanso poizoni wambiri.

Endocrine limba ntchito.

Monga taonera, pafupifupi 2% ya tiziwalo timene timakhala timaselo timene timatchedwa Langerhans. Amapanga mahomoni omwe amawongolera kagayidwe kazakudya ndi mafuta.

Ma Horone omwe amatulutsa timilumba ta Langerhans:

insulini, yomwe imayang'anira kulowa kwa glucose m'maselo.
glucagon, amene amachititsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi,
somatostatin, ngati kuli koyenera, iyimitsa kupanga michere ndi mahomoni.

Patsiku limodzi, anthu amakula mpaka malita 1.5 achinsinsi.

Ntchito

Zofotokozera za kapamba zimapezeka zolemba za akatswiri akale. Chimodzi mwazomwe amafotokozera pancreas amapezeka mu Talmud, pomwe amatchedwa "chala cha Mulungu." A. Vesalius (1543) motere akufotokozera kapamba ndi cholinga chake: "pakatikati pa mesentery, pomwe magawidwe oyamba amitsempha yamagazi amapezeka, ndimatumbo lalikulu lomwe limathandiza mokhazikika kukhala nthambi yoyamba komanso yofunika kwambiri yamitsempha yamagazi." Pofotokoza za duodenum, Vesalius amatchulanso za glandular body, yomwe, malinga ndi wolemba, imathandizira ziwiya za m'matumbo awa ndikumamwetsa mkati mwake ndi chinyezi chomata. Zaka zana pambuyo pake, duct wamkulu wa kapamba adafotokozedwa ndi Wirsung (1642).