Mankhwala a shuga a Type 1: mapiritsi, mankhwala, mndandanda wazotsatira zamankhwala

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chimaphatikizapo kuikidwa kwa mankhwala, kugwiritsa ntchito zitsamba, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kudya No. 9. Chakudya chizikhala chosinthika komanso chokwanira. Zakudya ziyenera kumwedwa kangapo pa tsiku.

• Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Type 1 matenda a shuga a insulin
• Type 2 matenda a shuga a insulin
• Lemberani Mapiritsi Akugaŵira a shuga
• Mtundu Wachiwiri wa Matendawa a shuga
• Kuphatikiza mankhwala

Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Ndi matenda a shuga, regimen ya jakisoni wambiri wa insulin nthawi zonse amakhazikika. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba, chifukwa amadziwika kuti amadalira insulin. Mtundu 2 wa shuga, mankhwala a insulin sagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zonse. Ndi endocrinologist wokhayo amene amapanga mankhwala a insulin, potengera kuchuluka kwa shuga, machitidwe a matenda am'mimba ndi zina zofunika.

Malangizo a insulini oyambira

Mutha kudziwa momwe mungawerengere moyenera mulingo wa insulin munthawi iliyonse kuchokera pa vidiyo:

Type 1 matenda a shuga a insulin

Mankhwala a insulin a matenda a shuga amtundu 1 amachotsa machitidwe obisika a mahomoni omwe amapangidwa mu kapamba. Monga lamulo, insulin ya basal imabayidwa kawiri patsiku, ndipo mabotolo amatengedwa musanadye. Pali insulin yokonzekera zosiyanasiyana:

Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo cha insulin chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala 2 okhala ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi tsiku lonse. Izi zimapatsa thupi thupi la enzyme yofunikira, chifukwa chomwe ntchito yamakina onse imakhazikitsidwa. Ndondomeko ya chithandizo imasankhidwa paokha. Majakisoni amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito singano yopyapyala kapena pampu yapadera.

Type 2 matenda a shuga a insulin

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga a mellitus, chithandizo cha insulin sichimalamula nthawi zonse. Choyamba, wodwalayo amatenga mankhwala a antipyretic. Ngati pakufunika insulin, ndiye kuti imayendetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, pamiyeso yaying'ono. Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito mtundu woyambira wa basal. Insulin yokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amatha kutumikiridwa kwakanthawi - ndi matenda komanso musanachite opareshoni. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse pokhapokha ngati palibe chithandizo chochepetsa shuga ndi mapiritsi.

Mlingo ndi nthawi ya insulin mankhwala zimatsimikiziridwa ndi endocrinologist. Zizindikiro zingaphatikizepo izi:

• Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa insulini (kuchepa kwambiri kwa thupi, ndi zina).
• kupezeka kwa ma concomitant pathologies,
• matenda a shuga
• kuchuluka kwa matenda osachiritsika,
• matupi awo sagwirizana ndi mapiritsi,
• mimba ndi kuyamwitsa,
• kuchuluka kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi am'magazi.

Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira kutsatira zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga.

Mutha kuphunzira zambiri zamankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti inshuwaransi iyambike pa mtundu 1 komanso mtundu 2 wa vidiyoyi:

Lemberani Mapiritsi Akugaŵira a shuga

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba, maziko a chithandizo ndi insulin. Koma pamaso pa matenda ophatikizika, mankhwalawa akhoza kutumikiridwa:

1. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kupewa mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa chamankhwala ena, ACE inhibitors imayikidwa.
2. Kukonzekera kubwezeretsa chimbudzi. Itha kukhala Tsurekal, Erythromycin, etc.
3. Levastatin ndi zina zotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsitsa cholesterol ndikuletsa kukula kwa atherosulinosis.
4. Mapiritsi olimbitsa mtima. Mwachitsanzo, Cardiomagnyl.
5. Ophera
6. "Dialek" - kusintha matendawa.

Mtundu Wachiwiri wa Matendawa a shuga

Mu magawo oyambirira a chitukuko cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, njira yochizira imachitika kudzera pakudya. Komabe, nthawi imabwera pamene pamafunika kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, omwe amagawidwa m'magulu angapo:

1. Kutengera sulfonylurea. Gululi lakhala likuchita zochizira matenda ashuga kwa zaka 50. Mapiritsi amachepetsa msanga shuga m'magawo a ma cell. Mwakutero, amathandizira pama cell a beta omwe amapanga insulin. Chifukwa cha izi, chomaliza chimamasulidwa ndikuponyedwa mumtsinje wamagazi. Sulfonylureas imatetezanso mphamvu ya impso ndi mtsempha wamagazi. Gululi lilinso ndi zoyipa: kuwonjezera kulemera, maselo opanda mphamvu. Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuchitika ndipo hypoglycemia imayamba. Zina zotchuka kwambiri zikuphatikizapo Maninil, Glycvidon, Amaryl, ndi Diabeteson.
2. Gulu la Meglitinide limatanthawuza njira za m'badwo watsopano. Imalimbikitsa kupanga insulin yachilengedwe. Zithandizo zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta mu mawonekedwe a ululu pamimba, chifuwa ndi kutsekula m'mimba. Mapiritsi otchuka kwambiri: Starlix ndi Novonorm. Mlingo umasankhidwa pokhapokha.
3. Gulu la Biguanide limaletsa kumasulidwa kwa glucose ku chiwindi. Zimathandizira kufalikira kwa shuga kudzera m'maselo ndi minyewa, osati magazi. Chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'madzi amadzimadzi kumachepa. Contraindication - aimpso ndi mtima kulephera. Mankhwala othandiza kwambiri: Metformin ndi Siofor. Kuphatikiza apo kuchepetsa kulemera kwa thupi, kuyamwa shuga m'matumbo.
4. Thiazolidinediones amachita chimodzimodzi ndi gulu lapitalo, koma sagwiritsidwa ntchito kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa amathandizira kukulitsa kunenepa. Pali zingapo zotsutsana ndi zoyipa zosiyanasiyana. Mapiritsi otchuka kwambiri ndi Avandia ndi Aktos. Kuphatikiza apo, amathandizira kagayidwe, kumapangitsa chidwi cha minofu ndi maselo kuti apange insulin, ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa shuga m'chiwindi. Amakhala ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri.
5. Gulu la alpha-Glucosidase inhibitor. Chochita chachikulu ndikuletsa kupanga ma enzyme amatumbo omwe amasungunula michere yambiri. Izi zimabweretsa kutsika pang'ono pakukonzekera polysaccharides. Chepetsani shuga m'magazi, khalani ndi zovuta zoyipa ndi contraindication. Gululi ndi la m'badwo watsopano wa mankhwala. Mapiritsi otchuka kwambiri: Miglitol ndi Glucobay.
6. Gulu lina la m'badwo watsopano, ma insretin, likufuna kufulumizitsa kupanga insulin zachilengedwe mu kapamba. Mwanjira ina, gululi limatchedwa dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors. Mapiritsi amalimbikitsa kutulutsa shuga kwa chiwindi. Mankhwala odziwika bwino ndi Januvia, Saxagliptin ndi Galvus. Mapiritsiwo ndi amphamvu kwambiri kotero ndikokwanira kumawamwa kamodzi patsiku. Pafupifupi palibe zotsutsana ndi zoyipa.

Mndandanda wathunthu wamapiritsi ukhoza kupezeka pano.

Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ayenera kumwedwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa komanso kutalika kwa mankhwala omwe amathandizidwa ndi endocrinologist. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuwongolera chithandizo poyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kuphatikiza mankhwala

Chithandizo chophatikiza chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matenda a shuga (mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2). Cholinga chachikulu ndikuti tilepheretse zovuta komanso kusintha thanzi la odwala matenda ashuga. Mu mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira ngati monotherapy sinabweretse zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeka. Kwenikweni, kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa mankhwalawa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimakhudza njira zomwe zimapangidwira kupanga insulini, kuchepetsa shuga komanso kuchuluka kwa chidwi cha zotumphukira kuti insulini. Kuphatikiza kopambana kwambiri kwa mankhwala ophatikiza mankhwala:

1. Kukonzekera kwa Sulfonylurea ndi othandizira ochokera pagulu la Biguanide.
2. Zomwe zimachokera ku sulfonylureas ndi gulu la thiazolidinediones.
3. Clinides ndi gulu la thiazolidinediones.
4. Glinides ndi biguanides.
5. Gulu la mapiritsi a Biguanide ndi thiazolidinediones.
6. "Acarbose" ndi mankhwala aliwonse kuchokera ku zotsatizana za kuchepetsa shuga.

Asanapange mankhwala othandizira, endocrinologist imawonjezera muyezo wa mankhwala omwe ali ndi monotherapy. Ngati zotsatira zake ndi ziro, mankhwala ochokera ku gulu lina amayamba pang'onopang'ono, koma muyezo. Ngati zotsatirazi zikuyipa, mlingo umakulitsidwa. Nthawi zina kuphatikiza kumakhala ndi mankhwala atatu.

Sizotheka kuchira kwathunthu ku matenda ashuga, motero ndikofunikira kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist zizindikilo zoyambirira zikaonekera. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mupeze mankhwala molondola, lekani njira zamatenda ndikuletsa kukula kwa zovuta.

Magazi othandizira kuwonjezera mankhwala

Mankhwala omwe amachulukitsa shuga wamagazi motero oletsedwa chifukwa cha matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwika kwa wodwala aliyense. Popeza mankhwalawa amachepetsa mphamvu ya mankhwalawa ndipo imathandizira kukulitsa zovuta. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa shuga. Angathenso kutumizidwa ndi madotolo, chifukwa chake, mutazindikira kuti mankhwalawo ndi otchulidwa ndi adokotala, muyenera kufunsa katswiri wina ndikusintha njira yothandizira.

Momwe mungadziwire kuti mankhwalawa amawonjezera shuga

Zomwe ndimankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa shuga wamagazi ndizosangalatsa kwa omwe akukumana ndi matenda a shuga. Popeza kuwonjezeka kwa shuga kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwa thupi lomwe lili ndi matenda otere, ndikofunikira kupewa izi m'njira zonse. Matenda a shuga ndi njira yoopsa kwambiri yomwe imayambitsa zovuta zingapo. Wodwala matenda ashuga amayenera kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'moyo wake wonse, motero safunikira owonjezera ena.

Kuzindikira kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri kumaperekedwa kwa anthu okalamba. Matenda ena nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamsika uno. Chifukwa chake, zitha kuchitika kuti munthu afunika kumwa mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala nthawi imodzi. Izi zimachitikanso ngati achinyamata ndi ana akudwala.

Nthawi zambiri, mapiritsi a shuga amaphatikizana:

• ndi antibacterial mankhwala
• ndi ndalama zochizira matenda amtima,
• ndi mankhwala amitsempha yamagazi.

Zina mwazomwezi zimatha kuwonjezera magazi anu. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, izi zimatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa pakukula kwa zovuta zazikulu thupi lonse la wodwala. Pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha mankhwala omwe ali ndi katundu wotere. Chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kupanga mndandanda ndikuyang'ana mankhwala anu mwa iwo, pamafunika ndalama yayikulu komanso yopanda nthawi. Kuti mudziwe tanthauzo la mankhwala omwe dokotala amafunsira adokotala, ndikokwanira kuphunzira malangizo mosamala.

Adziwitsa zoyenera kuchita ngati izi, chifukwa si mankhwala onse omwe amachititsa kuti shuga awonjezeke ayenera kusiya kumwa ndi matenda ashuga. Zina mwazo, zikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa, sizivulaza thupi. Nthawi zina, kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwalawa ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa mwayi wovuta. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri okhawo amatha kusankha pazakufunika kochotsa mankhwala ndikusankhidwa kwatsopano, potengera luso lazachipatala ndi chidziwitso.

Mankhwala omwe amaletsedwa kumwa

Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo:

• Beta blockers. Mankhwalawa amathandizira matenda a mtima. Amathandizira kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchepetsa mawonekedwe a angina pectoris ndikuchotsa tachycardia. Zomwe zimatha mankhwalawa zimaphatikizanso kuonjezera milingo yamagazi. Kusankha beta-blockers a m'badwo waposachedwa samayambitsa mavuto, chifukwa chake amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito matenda a mtima ndi matenda ashuga. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kupewa mankhwala monga Nebivolol ndi Carvedilol. Pankhani ya matenda oopsa, ndibwino kufunafuna thandizo kwa ACE inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme). Alinso ndi tanthauzo.

• Thiazide okodzetsa. Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo Indapamide, Hydrochlorothiazide. Nthawi zambiri amalembedwa kwa anthu odwala matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Pazifukwa zotere, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zoletsa za ACE. Ngakhale kukanidwa kwa okodzetsa sikumapereka zabwino nthawi zonse. Pankhani ya edema, mankhwalawa amangofunikira. Kenako ndibwino kutembenukira ku zida zotentha zotentha monga Furosemide, Torasemide. Komabe, thiazide okodzetsa sangathe kuyimitsidwa pawokha. Chifukwa cha izi, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatha kudumpha kwambiri, ndipo zovuta zamtima zimatha kukulanso. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kufunsa kaye katswiri.
• Glucocorticosteroid mahomoni. Amatsogolera kuwonjezeka kowopsa kwa glucose wamagazi. Koma pofuna kupewa zoterezi, atha kutengedwa pamaphunziro ang'onoang'ono. Amadzilowetsa m'mitsempha panthawi ya matenda a mphumu ya bronchial ndipo pokhapokha ngati wodwala sagwiritsa ntchito mahomoni mwanjira inhalations. Kugwiritsira ntchito kwakutalika kwa mahomoni a glucocorticosteroid kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto akulu azaumoyo (mwachitsanzo, matenda a shuga a steroid). Zowopsa m'moyo zimayimiriridwa ndi pafupifupi mankhwala onse, omwe amaphatikizapo mahomoni.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a shuga

lembani matenda ashuga 1 omwe ali ndi insulin

mapiritsi

Kuposa momwe mungakulitsire shuga pang'ono

Pali mankhwala omwe amatsogolera kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi, koma amatha kuuzidwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga, poganizira nthawi yomwe matendawa ali komanso momwe wodwalayo alili.

Mwa kuchuluka kwina, shuga wamagazi amayamba chifukwa cha:

1. Calcium calcium blockers. Mitundu yawo yayifupi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amtima. Ndi thandizo lawo, siyani zovuta zamasewera. Ndi matenda a shuga, nthawi zambiri amakhala osayenera kugwiritsa ntchito. Mitundu ina ya mankhwalawa imaloledwa mu shuga, mwachitsanzo, mitundu yayitali ya mankhwalawa.
2. Kulera kwamlomo ndi kukonzekera komwe kumakhala ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro, komanso mankhwala aliwonse a mahomoni.
3. Mankhwala ogona. Nthawi zambiri amalembera anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.
4. Mankhwala a antibacterial omwe ali gawo la tetracycline.

Uwu ndi mndandanda wocheperako wa mankhwala omwe angakhale ndi vuto pa kagayidwe kazakudya. Mankhwala ena amawonjezera mwayi wanu wokhala ndi matenda ashuga.

Mankhwala aliwonse a odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuthandizidwa mosamala kwambiri. Matendawa amayambitsa ziwopsezo zamkati mwa ziwalo zamkati, ndipo kulandira chithandizo mosayenera kumathandizira njirayi ndikuwonjezera mayendedwe a akatswiri a zamankhwala.

Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mankhwalawo atapatsidwa ndi katswiri wodziwa, muyenera kuwerenga mosamala malangizo musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito.

Kupatula apo, mwina mndandanda wazotsatira zoyambira padzakhala kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndipo mu contraindication - matenda ashuga.

Kudzipatsa nokha mankhwala sikulimbikitsidwa. Zimatha kuvulaza kwambiri kuposa zabwino. Mankhwala osachulukitsa shuga amasankhidwa ndi adokotala.

Zotsatira zoyipa za odwala matenda ashuga

Zotsatira zoyipa ndi zizindikiro kapena matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa chmamwa mankhwala. Mankhwala onse ali ndi zovuta, komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo, tsoka, ndi osiyana. Musanayambe kumwa mankhwala a shuga, lingalirani za zoyipa zawo. Dokotala wanu, popereka mankhwala anu a shuga, akuyenera kukambirana nanu za zotsatira zoyipa ndikukulangizani momwe mungapewere.

Kukula komwe mukakumana ndi zovuta ndi funso laumwini - akhoza kukhala ofatsa kapena otchulidwa. Nthawi zina zovuta zimakhala zowopsa, zomwe zimatha kukhala chiwopsezo mwa izo zokha. Komabe, izi ndi zochitika zosowa kwambiri.

Chithandizo cha matenda a 2 a matenda a shuga a mellitus

Ngati mukumva kusowa chifukwa ch kumwa mankhwala aliwonse a shuga, dziwitsani wopereka chithandizo chaumoyo.

Mankhwala ena othandizira odwala matenda ashuga, makamaka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2, amatha kubweretsa m'mimba, koma amapita pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu.

Hypoglycemia

Cholinga chachikulu cha mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga ndikuchepetsa shuga. Komabe, mankhwala ena amatha kutsitsa shuga m'magazi mpaka kukhala owopsa, ndikupangitsa hypoglycemia.

Mankhwala omwe amachititsa shuga wochepa (hypoglycemia):

• insulin
• zochokera sulfonylurea,
• dongo.

Ngati mukumwa mankhwalawa, nthawi zonse khalani ndi shuga.

Dziwani zambiri za hypoglycemia, zizindikiro za hypoglycemic komanso momwe mungachitire hypoglycemia: Hypoglycemia, ndichani ndipo ndichifukwa chiyani kuukira kuli koopsa kwa odwala matenda ashuga

Contraindication

Contraindication kumwa mankhwala zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zina sitiyenera kumwa mankhwala - mwachitsanzo, matenda ena kapena kutenga pakati. Mlandu wamba ndi chenjezo kuti muyenera kusamala mwapadera, mwachitsanzo, popewa kumwa mowa kapena kuyendetsa galimoto.

Nthawi zina mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala singaphatikizidwe. Ichi ndichifukwa chake dokotala ayenera kudziwa mbiri yonse ya matenda anu musanapange mankhwala atsopano. Ngati mukuganiza kuti malangizo a mankhwalawa, pali ma contraindication omwe mumawopa, musaiwale kuuza dokotala za izi.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri masiku ano

Pakadali pano, mankhwala ochokera m'magulu asanu ndi limodzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga.

Metformin imapezeka pansi pa mayina ambiri opanga osiyanasiyana opanga osiyanasiyana.

• Metformin imathandizira kagayidwe kazakudya mwa kuletsa kupanga kwa shuga m'chiwindi ndikuwonjezera chidwi cha zotumphukira kuti insulin (kuchepa kwa insulin kukaniza).
• Metformin imachepetsa thupi, imasintha kagayidwe ka lipid m'magazi ndipo imateteza mtima (mtima).
• Metformin imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ngati monotherapy kapena kuphatikiza mankhwala ena opatsirana kapena / insulin, komanso itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osokoneza bongo a prediabetes (glucose)

Momwe mungatengere metformin molondola

Metformin iyenera kuyamba ndi milingo yaying'ono kuti muchepetse zotsatira zoyipa, makamaka pamimba, monga mseru, kupweteka m'mimba, gasi, kutsegula m'mimba, ndi kakomedwe kazitsulo.

Ngati zizindikirozi zikuchitika, mlingo umatha kuchepetsedwa kapena kusinthidwa ndi wopanga wina. Mankhwalawa ali ndi zotsatira zabwino thupi ndipo sangathe kutayidwa pazifukwa zazing'ono.

Werengani zambiri zamankhwala ophatikizira a metformin: Momwe mungatengere metformin yamtundu wa 2 shuga: timayankha mafunso a odwala

Momwe mungagwiritsire metformin yamatenda a 2 shuga

Metformin ndiyotetezeka kwambiri, siyambitsa hypoglycemia, chifukwa sichulukitsa katulutsidwe ka insulin ndi kapamba.

• Kumbukirani kuti metformin imayendetsa kagayidwe kazigawo m'thupi, ndipo mphamvu zake zonse m'magazi a glucose zimachitika pakatha masabata pafupifupi awiri.
• Osamamwa piritsi la metformin posokoneza, ndiye kuti, pamene kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuli kwakukulu, mumamwa mapiritsi ndikuyembekeza kuti matendawa amatha msanga - metformin sikugwira ntchito mwachangu.

Metformin zotsutsana ndi zoyipa

Zoyipa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati metformin ndi:

• kupweteka kwambiri kwaimpso kapena chiwindi,
• kudalira kwa mowa
• kulephera kwamtima kwambiri
• matenda oopsa a pulmonary matenda a COPD),
• kugona apnea syndrome.

Sulfonylurea mankhwala limagwirira ntchito

• Sulfonylureas amachepetsa glycemia pakukulitsa kapangidwe ka insulin, kamene kamakhudzanso kagayidwe ka glucose mu ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mapiritsi.
• Amathandiza kwambiri kutsitsa shuga, koma amatha kuyambitsa hypoglycemia. Amayenera kumwedwa m'mawa asanadye chakudya cham'mawa. Dokotala amasankha mankhwalawo ndikudziwitsa mtundu wake.

Momwe angatenge

Sulfonylureas ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito yokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi metformin ndi othandizira ena odwala matenda ashuga.

Zoyipa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi:

• zazikulu zosavomerezeka za sulfonylurea ndi hypoglycemia komanso zingayambitse kulemera,
• kulephera kwambiri kwa chiwindi.

Mwatsatanetsatane pazomwe zimachokera ku sulfonylurea: sulfonylurea amakonzekera Amaryl®, Altar, Diaprel MR, Gliclada

Mfundo zachikhalidwe zamankhwala

Tsoka ilo, sizotheka kwathunthu kuchiritsa matenda ashuga. Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okwanira, ndikotheka kubwezeretsa wodwalayo ku moyo wonse, kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta zingapo za matendawa.

Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikuyambitsa insulin kulowa mthupi la wodwala yemwe akudwala matenda ashuga. Zakudya zoyenera ndizofunikanso mu njira zamankhwala; zakudya zimalimbikitsidwa kwa wodwala, zomwe zimayenera kuchitika pafupipafupi.

Maziko othandizira bwino ndi zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi, zomwe zimasankhidwa payekhapayekha pa chithunzi chilichonse chachipatala.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mahomoni m'thupi sikuti cholinga chake ngati mankhwalawa amtundu wa matenda ashuga, koma kuti akhalebe ndi shuga mthupi lambiri. Mwambiri, dotolo amamulembera ma insulin:

• Ma mahormoni akumbuyo amathandizira kupanga insulin masana.
• Horm yokhazikika imathandizira kulipira chakudya chamagulu omwe amabwera ndi chakudya.

Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo cha mankhwala ndikukhazikitsa glucose m'thupi pamlingo wofunikira, kuonetsetsa kukula komanso kukhazikika kwa thupi. Popeza nthawi zambiri ana aang'ono, achinyamata ndi achinyamata amadwala matendawa.

Wodwala akapezeka ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kuti ayambe kuyambitsa mahomoni m'thupi.

Chithandizo chokwanira komanso chapanthawi yake cha insulin chimalola kuti 80% ya milandu ikhale ndi chikhululukiro chakanthawi, kukhazikika kwa njira ya matenda, komanso kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta.

Kukonzekera kwa Incretin

Kukonzekera kwa incretin kumathandizira kubisirana kwa insulin ndi kapamba, komanso kupewa kuphipha kwa m'mimba. Amachepetsa shuga wamagazi ndi thupi. Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizapo kusanza, kusowa kudya, komanso kusanza.

Kukonzekera kwa incretin kumaphatikiza magulu awiri awiri.

Gulu laling'ono loyamba ndi lothandizira la GLP 1 lothandizira (mankhwala ampretin a gulu latsopano la mankhwala: mpakaglutyd, exenatide, liksysenatyd, liraglutide).

Momwe mungapangire ma protein:

• Amabayidwa mosanjira.
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza ndi zotumphukira za metformin ndi / kapena sulfonylurea.

Gulu lachiwiri ndi DPP-4 zoletsa (otchedwa glyptins), otengedwa pakamwa. Mankhwala a DPP-4 inhibitor amawonjezera pancreatic insulin secretion, kuletsa kutsekeka kwa m'mimba, kupereka malingaliro okhutira komanso kukhudza dongosolo lamkati lamanjenje, kupondereza chilakolako. Amachepetsa shuga wamagazi ndi thupi. Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizapo kusanza, kusowa kudya, komanso kusanza.

Zambiri pa Zogulitsa: Mitundu Yatsopano ya shuga yowononga shuga ku Type 2 Diabetes SGLT-2 Gliflozyny Inhibitors

Aya mapiritsi: (linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, vildagliptin).

Zina mwa izo zimapezekanso monga kuphatikiza kophatikizira komwe kuli ndi metformin yowonjezera piritsi limodzi.

Therapy ya Insulin: Zambiri

Madzi a insulin ndiye okhawo amene amachiritsa matenda a shuga 1. Ndi chifukwa chake ndikotheka kuwongolera shuga mthupi, ndikukhalabe ndi moyo wonse wodwala.

Pakadali pano, mankhwala othandizira matenda a shuga ozikidwa pa porcine, mahomoni amunthu ndi ng'ombe akupangidwa. Mafuta a ng'ombe, poyerekeza ndi mahomoni amunthu, ali ndi ma amino acid atatu pakupanga kwake. Nkhumba imakhala ndi amino acid, chifukwa chake mphamvu yakuchulukitsa kwa ma antibodies kuti ikhale yang'ombe ya ng'ombe ndi yayikulupo kuposa nkhumba ya insulin.

Mwakutero, pali mitundu yambiri ya insulini yochizira matenda a mtima, ndipo onsewa amagawidwa malinga ndi kuthamanga kwa kuyambika kwa ntchito komanso nthawi yayitali.

Mndandanda wa insulin yolimbikitsidwa ndi insulin

1. Ma mahomoni ocheperapo pang'ono.
2. Mankhwala ofanana ndi a mahashoni a ultrashort.
3. Mahomoni a sing'anga nthawi yayitali.
4. Mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali.

Ponena za insulini zachikhalidwe, ndikofunikira kuzindikira m'badwo watsopano wamakonzedwe a mahomoni, omwe amatchedwa ma insaled mahomoni. Komabe, pakadali pano sizovomerezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ku Russia ndi mayiko ena ambiri.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti chitukuko chikuchitika, pali zochitika zina zabwino, koma mankhwala osokoneza bongo ayenera kudutsa pamayeso angapo azachipatala. Kunena zowona, mankhwalawa sangatchulidwe kutiatsopano, chifukwa asayansi akhala akuyesera kuti apange mapiritsi a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali.

Ngakhale maphunziro ambiri m'derali, zotukuka ndi mayeso asayansi, mawonekedwe a piritsi pano akuwoneka ngati mankhwala amtsogolo, osati zenizeni.

Khalidwe la insulin

Ma insulin omwe amagwira ntchito mwachidule amakhalanso ndimankhwala abwino a shuga awa: Insuman Rapid, Actrapid. Mankhwalawa amayamba kuyamba kugwira ntchito atatha theka la ola pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa.

Malinga, tikulimbikitsidwa kupatsa mankhwala mphindi 30 musanadye. Ndipo nthawi yayitali ya zotsatira za mankhwalawa zimasiyanasiyana kuyambira maola 6 mpaka 7.

Nawonso, ngati mankhwalawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukonzekera kwamitsempha yamagalamu, ndiye kuti zochita zawo zimayamba miniti imodzi mankhwala atalowa m'magazi.

Mankhwala otsatirawa amakhala ngati mankhwala ofanana a mahomoni a ultrashort zotsatira:

Zochita zamankhwala zimawonekera mphindi 15 pambuyo pa jekeseni, kotero, amapaka jekeseni mphindi 15 chakudya chisanafike. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumawonedwa patatha maola ochepa, ndipo nthawi yayitali yochita ndi maola 4.

Mwachilengedwe, ma insulin awa amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ogwiritsa ntchito pakhungu, ndipo ali ndi machitidwe osiyana poyerekeza ndi mahomoni osakhalitsa.

Chowonadi ndichakuti kufupikitsa Kutalika kwa insulin, kumakhala kosavuta kuwongolera mahomoni. Ndiye kuti, pakukhazikitsa insulini, timadzi tambiri tomwe timagwira mu jakisoni womaliza satsalira m'thupi.

Zokhudza mahomoni pafupifupi nthawi yayitali:

1. Oyimira ogwira ntchito kwambiri: Insuman Bazal, Protafan.
2. Amayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu pambuyo pa ola limodzi kapena theka ndi pambuyo pa utsogoleri.
3. Kutalika kokwanira kwa zochita kumasiyana kuyambira maola 8 mpaka 12.
4. Nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa monga basal mahomoni, omwe amaperekedwa kawiri pa tsiku.

Dziwani kuti mahomoni oterewa amakhala ndi gawo labwino lotsogola, lomwe lingayambitse kukula kwa hypoglycemic state mwa wodwalayo.

Ma insulin omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mahomoni oyambira, ndipo amasiyana pamenepa chifukwa alibe lingaliro lalikulu. Monga lamulo, kutalika kwa mahomoni oterewa kumasiyana kuchokera maola 24 mpaka 30, amathandizidwa kawiri pa tsiku.

Chomwe chaposachedwa kwambiri m'gululi ndi hormone Treshiba, yomwe imatha kupitilira maola 40 ikuphatikizidwa.

Malangizo a insulin

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, matendawa amatha kuthandizidwa ndi ma regimens awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zamankhwala masiku ano.

Njira yodziwika bwino ndimayendedwe a insulin kawiri pa tsiku, pomwe mahomoni osankha pang'ono amaphatikizidwa pamodzi ndi mahomoni apakatikati. Munthawi ya mankhwala, mahomoni amatumikiridwa mphindi 30 asanadye, m'mawa ndi madzulo. Ndipo zopangidwira pakati pamaudindo zizikhala pafupifupi maora 12.

Kuchita bwino kwa mankhwalawa kumawonjezeka ngati pakukhazikitsa mahomoni munthawi yomweyo omwe amalepheretsa shuga kuwonjezeka chakudya cham'mawa komanso chakudya chamadzulo.

Odwala ena, njira yodziwikiratu yoyendetsedwa ndi mahomoni ena imawonetsa kugwira ntchito kwambiri:

• Kuphatikiza kwakanthawi ndikutalika kumatumikiridwa musanadye chakudya cham'mawa.
• Asanadye chakudya chamadzulo, mahomoni omwe amagwira ntchito mwachidule amathandizidwa, ndipo asanagone, insulin imalowetsedwa ndikuwonetsa nthawi yayitali.

Monga lamulo, mitundu inayi ya zosakanikirana zotere zimapangidwa, momwe 10, 20, 30 kapena 40% ya mahomoni osavuta amaphatikizidwa. Mwachitsanzo, Humulin kuphatikiza ndi timadzi tomwe timakhala ndi mphamvu yayitali yotchedwa Isofan.

Choyipa chachikulu cha chithandizo chachikhalidwe ndichakuti muyenera kuyang'anira zakudya zanu, samalira zolimbitsa thupi. Izi zapangitsa kuti ambiri odwala amakonda kwambiri chithandizo chamankhwala cha mahomoni.

Makhalidwe ake amakhudzidwa ndi mahomoni:

1. Hormone ya sing'anga yodziwika imayambitsidwa kawiri patsiku, pomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito mwachidule. Monga lamulo, kulowetserani musanadye zakudya zazikulu zitatu.
2. Madzulo madzulo, timadzi tambiri timene timayendetsedwa.

Kuchiza kwambiri ndi insulini kungaphatikizeponso chithandizo ndi pampu - chipangizo chapadera chomwe chimaperekanso mahomoni m'thupi la munthu.

Masiku ano, pampu ya insulin ndi chida chapadera chomwe chitha kuperekera timadzi tating'onoting'ono tokwanira chaka chonse pachaka chopanda phindu.

Mavitamini a odwala matenda ashuga

Chifukwa chakuti shuga mellitus wamtundu woyamba amakhala ngati njira yodalira insulin, mavitamini a shuga amasankhidwa mwanjira yoti asakweze mphamvu ya kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'thupi la wodwalayo.

Mavitamini a odwala matenda ashuga ndi chakudya chamagulu choperekera zakudya, chomwe chimathandiza wodwala kuti azidyetsa thupi ndi mchere wofunikira komanso zinthu zina, pomwe amadziwika kuti amachepetsa zovuta.

Zinthu zotsatirazi ndi mavitamini ofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga pa insulin:

• Vitamini a gulu A. Amathandizira kuti azitha kuwona bwino, amateteza kumatenda amaso, omwe amatengera kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kwa diso la retina.
• Vitamini B imathandizira kuti magwiridwe antchito amthupi apakati, kupewa kuti asasokonezeke chifukwa cha matenda a shuga.
• Ascorbic acid ndiyofunikira mphamvu yamitsempha yamagazi ndikusintha kwa zovuta zotulukapo za matendawa, chifukwa ndi matenda ashuga makoma amitsempha amachepa komanso amakhala osakhazikika.
• Kuchuluka kwa vitamini E m'thupi la odwala matenda ashuga kumathandiza kupewa kudalira kwamkati pa insulin, kumachepetsa kufunikira kwawo kwa mahomoni.
• Vitamini H ndichinthu chinanso chomwe chimathandiza thupi lonse kuti lizigwira ntchito bwino popanda kuchuluka kwa mahomoni.

Wodwala matenda ashuga akafuna kudya zakudya zotsekemera komanso ufa, ndiye kuti mavitamini ena okhala ndi chromium amawonjezeranso kwa iye.

Chromium imathandiza kupewetsa chidwi chofuna kuyamwa zakudya izi, chifukwa chazomwe zimapangira kupanga zakudya zoyenera ndi zakudya.

Mavitamini abwino kwambiri

Kumbukirani kuti simuyenera kumwa mavitamini okha, koma othandizira omwe ali ndi chitetezo chathupi mokwanira samakumana ndi mavuto. Kuphatikiza apo, njira za mapulani oterowo ziyenera kukhala zachilengedwe, ndiko kuti, zomwe zimapangidwa ndizomera.

Tsoka ilo, kudziwa chizolowezi cha mavitamini ndi chinthu chimodzi, koma kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa mavitamini ofunikira tsiku lililonse ndizosiyana ndipo ndizovuta kwa wodwalayo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kumwa mavitamini.

Kutenga zovuta, simukuyenera kuganizira kuwerengera, ndikokwanira kuti mutenge nawo potsatira dokotala, yemwe amatchula muyeso ndi pafupipafupi wa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.

Vitamini wabwino kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga:

Antiox R ndizowonjezera zachilengedwe zomwe zimathandizira kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Chidacho chimathandizira kukhazikitsa chitetezo champhamvu motsutsana ndi ma radicals aulere, chimalimbitsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi, chimakhudza bwino ntchito yamtima wamtima, chimawonjezera chitetezo cha mthupi.

Detox Plus imathandizira kuyeretsa thupi, imathandizanso kugaya chakudya m'thupi pogwiritsa ntchito poizoni ndi zinthu zoopsa. Mwambiri, zimakhudza thanzi la wodwala, kupewa mavuto ambiri a shuga.

Kuphatikizika kwa mega kumaphatikizapo Omega-3 ndi 6, chifukwa chake imapangitsa ntchito yamtima kukhala yamatenda, imateteza ziwalo zam'maso ndi ubongo. Chowonjezeracho chimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakuyenda bwino komanso malingaliro.

Nthawi zambiri mankhwala a lanic acid, omwe ali ngati vitamini omwe amathandizira kusintha kwamthupi mu thupi.

Mapiritsi ena a odwala matenda ashuga

Poyerekeza ndi momwe insulin imaperekera mankhwala ena, mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa pochiza matenda amisempha omwe amayenda ndi matenda.

Zoletsa za angiotensin-akatembenuka enzyme zimathandizira kuchepa kwa magazi, pomwe zimalepheretsa zovuta zina za mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Nthawi zambiri zotchulidwa mankhwala kulimbana ndi matenda am'mimba thirakiti. Ndipo kusankha kwa mankhwala kumatengera matenda ake enieni komanso chithunzi cha matenda. Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi vuto la mtima, ndiye kuti mapiritsi omwe amathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa mtima ndi mitsempha ya magazi amalimbikitsidwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala atha kutumikiridwa:

• Pofuna kuthana ndi kusintha kwa atherosulinotic mthupi, perekani mankhwala omwe amachepetsa zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol yoyipa.
• Ngati pali zizindikiro za zotumphukira neuropathy, ndiye kuti ma painkiller ndi omwe amapatsidwa.

Nthawi zambiri mwa amuna omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a mellitus erectile dysfunction amapezeka. Ngati wodwala alibe mavuto ndi mtima, ndiye kuti dokotalayo angalimbikitse Viagra, Cialis, Levitra.

Kulimbana ndi matenda amtundu wa shuga ndi chithandizo chovuta kwambiri chomwe chimaphatikizapo insulin, kuchita zolimbitsa thupi, chakudya china, komanso matenda othandizira.

SGLT2 Inhibitors

• SGLT2 inhibitors (omwe amatchedwa glyphosines, dapagliflozin, empagliflosin, canagliflosin) ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kukoka kwa glucose. Zotsatira zake ndikuchepa kwa shuga wamagazi, kulemera kwa thupi komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kamodzi patsiku. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza ndi metformin. Popeza glyphlosins amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo, amatha kuyambitsa matenda amkodzo komanso kumaliseche, chifukwa chake ukhondo umalimbikitsidwa ukamagwiritsa ntchito.

Amachokera ku Thiazolidinedione

Chithandizo chokhacho chomwe chilipo kuchokera ku gulu la thiazolidinedione derivatives (i.e., omwe amatchedwa glitazones) ndi pioglitazone.

• Amachepetsa kukana kwa insulini ndipo, motero, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi mafuta achilengedwe omasuka m'magazi.
• Mankhwala amatengedwa pakamwa kamodzi patsiku. Pioglitazone imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuphatikiza ndi metformin.
• Mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa madzi kusungidwa mthupi, chifukwa chake sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima.

Magulu omwe ali pamwambawa adatchulidwa pochiza matenda a shuga 2 omwe amathandizidwa ndi adokotala okha. Pochiza matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, ndi insulin yokha yomwe imagwira ntchito.

Dziwani zambiri za njira zatsopano za mankhwalawa matenda a shuga 2:

Sanofi® insulin lispro biosimilars chithandizo chokwanira

Metformin Yokhudza Kukula Kwamoyo ndi Kulepheretsa Khansa: Zotsatira Zakafukufuku

Kukonzekera kwa 2 mtundu wa shuga

Jardins malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito - zomwe wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa

Mankhwala atsopano pochiza matenda a shuga 2