Mafuta a cholesterol m'mwazi

High cholesterol m'mwazi imatsogolera pakupanga mapangidwe a atherosulinotic pamakoma a mtima. Popita nthawi, mitundu iyi imatha kutsekeka pamitsempha, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatha ndikamayamba sitiroko kapena mtima.

Chifukwa chake, aliyense ayenera kudziwa zomwe serum cholesterol imawoneka ngati yachilendo. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa cholesterol pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso osiyanasiyana a labotale.

Kuti mumvetsetse zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti cholesterol ndi chiyani. Ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mowa wamagazi m'magazi.

Kodi cholesterol ndi chiyani ndipo ikukwera bwanji

Cholesterol ndi mowa wamphamvu wamafuta. Katunduyo ndi gawo limodzi lamatumbo am'magazi, umakhudzidwa ndikupanga mahomoni a steroid, amalimbikitsa kapangidwe ka bile acid ndi vitamini D.

Cholesterol imapezeka m'madzi onse m'thupi ndi minyewa yopanda ufulu kapena monga ma esters okhala ndi mafuta acids. Kupanga kwake kumachitika mu cell iliyonse. Mitundu yoyambira yotumizira m'magazi ndi yotsika komanso yapamwamba kachulukidwe ka lipoprotein.

Plasma cholesterol ili ngati ma esters (mpaka 70%). Zotsirizira izi zimapangidwa m'maselo am'mimba chifukwa chazomwe zimachitika mwapadera kapena plasma chifukwa cha ntchito ya enzyme inayake.

Kwa thanzi la anthu, lipoproteins yotsika kwambiri yomwe ndiyowopsa. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala ochulukirapo m'magazi zimatha kukhala zosintha komanso zosasinthika.

Chomwe chimatsogolera kukuwonjezereka kwa chizindikiro cha cholesterol ndi moyo wopanda thanzi, makamaka, kudya kosayenera (kudya zakudya zamafuta amphaka), uchidakwa, kusuta fodya, kusowa zochita zolimbitsa thupi. Komanso, kusintha kwachilengedwe koopsa kumatha kukulitsa LDL m'magazi.

Chifukwa china chopangitsa kuti hypercholesterolemia ikhale yonenepa kwambiri, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayendera limodzi ndi kuphwanya kwa metabolid ya lipid, komanso ndi carbohydrate, munthu akakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zonsezi nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa mawonekedwe a matenda ashuga a 2.

Chinthu chosagwirizana chomwe chikuchititsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi ndicho chibadwa cham'tsogolo komanso m'badwo.

M'matenda apamwamba, hypercholesterolemia iyenera kuchitidwa kwa moyo wonse. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa zakudya zapadera ndikudya ma statins.

Kuti mupewe kukula kwa atherosulinosis, kugunda kwa mtima komanso matenda opha ziwalo, muyenera kulabadira mosamala zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zingasonyeze kuchuluka kwa cholesterol. Zizindikiro zikuluzikulu za matenda a lipid metabolism:

1. Kapangidwe ka mawanga achikaso pakhungu pafupi ndi maso. Nthawi zambiri, xanthoma imapangidwa mwanjira yakubadwa.
2. Angina pectoris chifukwa cha kufupika kwa mitsempha ya mtima.
3. Ululu m'mphepete zomwe zimachitika panthawi yolimbitsa thupi. Chizindikiro ichi ndi chifukwa chakuchepa kwa mitsempha yamagazi yopereka magazi m'manja ndi miyendo.
4. Kulephera kwa mtima, kukulaku chifukwa chakusowa kwa michere mu okosijeni.
5. Sitiroko yomwe imachitika chifukwa chaphwanya ziphuphu za atherosselotic pamakoma a mtima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale magazi.

Nthawi zambiri, milingo ya cholesterol imakwezedwa mwa anthu omwe akudwala matenda angapo. Chifukwa chake, hypercholesterolemia nthawi zambiri imayendera limodzi ndi matenda ashuga komanso zina za pancreatic, hypothyroidism, matenda a chiwindi, impso, mtima.

Odwala oterowo amakhala pachiwopsezo nthawi zonse, choncho ayenera kupenda nthawi yomweyo kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'mwazi ndikudziwa momwe zimakhalira.

Zambiri

Cholesterol (cholesterol) Ndi chinthu chomwe thupi la munthu limapangidwa atherosclerotic zolembera. Iwo ndi omwe amayambitsa kuwonetsera atherosulinosiskukhala matenda owopsa.

Kodi cholesterol imatha kuweruzidwa ndi tanthauzo la mawuwa, omwe amamasulira kuchokera ku Chigriki kuti "bile bile".

Zodandaula Zamakalasi lipidsamabwera ndi chakudya. Komabe, mwanjira iyi gawo laling'ono lachesi la Chs ndilomwe limalowa m'thupi - pafupifupi 20% ya maChs omwe munthu amalandila makamaka ndi zopangidwa ndi nyama. Gawo lotsalira, lofunikira kwambiri lazinthu izi (pafupifupi 80%) limapangidwa m'chiwindi cha munthu.

Katunduyu m'thupi ndiye chida chofunikira kwambiri chomanga maselo, chimakhudzidwa ndimayendedwe a metabolic, chifukwa amalowa m'zigawo za cell. Ndikofunikanso pakubereka. mahomoni – estrogen, testosteronekomanso cortisol.

Mu thupi laumunthu, Chl yoyera imangopezeka m'mitundu yaying'ono, kukhala gawo la lipoproteins. Makina awa amatha kukhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono (kodziwika cholesterol yoyipa ya LDL) ndi kukwera kwambiri (otchedwa cholesterol yabwino).

Zomwe zimayenera kukhala mafuta abwinobwino mkati magazi, komanso cholesterol yabwino komanso yoyipa - zomwe zimakhala mu nkhaniyi.

Cholesterol: chabwino, choyipa, chonse

Zowona kuti ngati zisonyezo za Xc ndizokwera kuposa zabwinobwino, zimanena pafupipafupi komanso mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, anthu ambiri ali ndi malingaliro akuti akatsika cholesterol, ndibwino. Koma kuti machitidwe onse mthupi azitha kugwira ntchito moyenera, chinthu ichi ndi chofunikira kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kuti mwa anthu, cholesterol nthawi zambiri imakhalabe moyo wonse.

Ndi chikhalidwe kupachika mafuta omwe amadziwika kuti ndi oyipa komanso abwino. Cholesterol chotsika (choyipa) ndimomwe chimakhazikika pamakoma mkati mwa zotengera ndikupanga zolembera. Ili ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kapena kotsika kwambiri, kamaphatikizidwa ndi mitundu yapadera ya mapuloteni - ma apoprotein. Zotsatira zake, amapangidwa mafuta-protein mapuloteni VLDLP. Ndi chifukwa chakuti chizolowezi cha LDL chikukwera, chikhalidwe chowopsa chaumoyo chimadziwika.

VLDL - ndi chiyani, chizindikiritso cha chizindikiro ichi - zambiri izi zitha kupezeka kuchokera kwa katswiri.

Tsopano chizolowezi cha LDL mwa amuna komanso chizolowezi cha LDL mwa akazi pambuyo pa zaka 50 ndipo pa zaka zazing'ono zimatsimikiziridwa ndikuwunika kwa cholesterol ndipo akuwonetsedwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zasayansi, magawo ofunikira ndi mg / dl kapena mmol / l. Muyenera kumvetsetsa, kutsimikiza LDL, kuti uwu ndi mtengo womwe katswiri amayenera kupenda ndikupereka chithandizo choyenera ngati LDL cholesterol itakwezedwa. Zomwe izi zikutanthauza zimatengera zizindikiro. Chifukwa chake, mwa anthu athanzi labwino, chizindikirochi chimawoneka chabwinobwino pamlingo wochepera 4 mmol / l (160 mg / dl).

Ngati kuyezetsa magazi kwatsimikizira kuti cholesterol imakwezedwa, zoyenera kuchita muyenera kufunsa dokotala. Monga lamulo, ngati kufunikira kwa cholesterol yotereyo kumachuluka, izi zikutanthauza kuti wodwalayo adzauzidwa chakudyakapena vutoli liyenera kuthandizidwa ndimankhwala.

Funso lomwe limatsutsa ndikuti amwe mapiritsi a cholesterol. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ma statins samachotsa zifukwa zomwe cholesterol imakwera. Ndi za matenda ashugakusuntha kochepa kunenepa. Madera zimangoletsa kupanga chinthuchi mthupi, koma nthawi yomweyo zimayambitsa zovuta zina. Nthawi zina akatswiri a zamankhwala amati kugwiritsa ntchito ma statins ndi owopsa kwa thupi kuposa mitengo yowonjezereka cholesterol.

• Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtima. angina pectorispambuyo sitirokongakhale myocardial infaration, cholesterol iyenera kukhala pansi pa 2,5 mmol / l kapena 100 mg / dl.
• Omwe alibe matenda a mtima, koma omwe ali ndi ziwopsezo zopitilira ziwiri, amafunika kusamalira ma Ch ku 3.3 mmol / L kapena pansi pa 130 mg / dl.

Cholesterol yoyipa imatsutsidwa ndi omwe amadziwika kuti abwino - HDL cholesterol.Kodi kukachuluka kwa lipoprotein cholesterol ndi chiyani? Ndizofunikira kwambiri m'thupi, chifukwa chimagwira mafuta amthupi m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi, kenako imathandizira kutaya kwake mu chiwindi, komwe imawonongeka. Anthu ambiri amafunsa kuti ngati HDL itsitsidwa, zimatanthauzanji? Tiyenera kudziwa kuti izi ndizowopsa, chifukwa atherosulinosis imangokhala osati motsutsana ndi maziko a cholesterol yotsika kwambiri, komanso ngati LDL itatsitsidwa. Ngati cholesterol ya HDL ndi yokwera, izi zikutanthauza chiyani, muyenera kufunsa katswiri.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake njira yosasangalatsa kwambiri mwa akulu ndi pamene kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yochepa kumawonjezereka ndipo mulingo wazopindulitsa umatsitsidwa. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi 60% ya anthu okalamba ali ndizisonyezo izi. Ndipo posakhalitsa ndizotheka kuzindikiritsa izi ndikutsata moyenera chithandizo, kumachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda owopsa.

Cholesterol yabwino, mosiyana ndi cholesterol yoyipa, imapangidwa ndi thupi lokha, kotero, sizingathandize kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwake mwa kudya zakudya zina.

Mlingo wa cholesterol wabwino mwa akazi ndiwocheperako kuposa mafuta abwinobwino a HDL mwa amuna. Malangizo ofunikira kwambiri m'mene mungakulitsire magazi ake ndi awa: ndikofunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, pomwe nthawi yake amapanga. Ngakhale mutamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse kunyumba, izi sizingangowonjezera HDL, komanso kuchepetsa ma cholesterol oyipa omwe amabwera m'thupi ndi chakudya.

Ngati munthu watenga chakudya chomwe cholesterol ili pamwamba kwambiri, kuti ayambitsa kutulutsa kwake, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti minofu yamagulu onse agwira ntchito.

Chifukwa chake, iwo amene akufuna kuti muyezo wa LDL ndi HDL ubwezeretsedwe ayenera:

• kusuntha kwambiri (makamaka iwo amene ali ndi vuto la mtima, stroko),
• zolimbitsa thupi moyenera
• kuchita zolimbitsa thupi (osagwirizana ndi contraindication).

Mutha kuonjezeranso kuchuluka kwa ma Ch abwino mwa kumwa mowa wochepa. Komabe, sizingakhale choncho kuti zikhale zoposa chikho chimodzi cha vinyo wowuma patsiku.

Ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti kulemera kwambiri kumawopseza kupondereza kaphatikizidwe ka Chs.

Kuti athe kudziwa bwino kuyezetsa magazi, ayenera kuganizira zomwe zimapezeka mu cholesterol m'magazi a munthu.

Pali mndandanda wa zikhalidwe za cholesterol kwa akazi azaka, pomwe, ngati kuli kotheka, mutha kudziwa zomwe zimachitika mu cholesterol mwa akazi pambuyo pa zaka 50, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizochulukirapo mwa amayi adakali aang'ono. Mwakutero, wodwalayo amatha kudziwa payekha ngati cholesterol yake imakwezedwa kapena kutsitsidwa ndikuyang'ana kwa dokotala yemwe angathandize kudziwa zifukwa zomwe zimakhala zotsika kapena zapamwamba. Ndi dokotala yemwe amasankha mtundu wa mankhwala omwe ayenera kukhala, zakudya.

• Mulingo wa cholesterol m'magazi kwa akazi ndi abambo ndi HDL, ngati mkhalidwe wamtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi ndi wabwinobwino, umaposa 1 mmol / l kapena 39 mg / dl.
• Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amitsempha yamagazi omwe adadwala matenda a stroko kapena mtima, chisonyezo chiyenera kukhala chofanana ndi 1-1.5 mmol / l kapena 40-60 mg / dl.

Kuwunikidwaku kumathandizanso kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yathunthu mwa akazi ndi amuna, ndiye kuti, momwe cholesterol yabwino komanso yolakwika imakhudzirana.

Cholesterol chonse m'magazi sayenera kupitirira 5.2 mmol / l kapena 200 mg / dl.

Ngati chizolowezi mu anyamata chitha kupitirira pang'ono, ndiye kuti izi zimatengedwa ngati matenda.

Palinso mndandanda wa miyambo ya cholesterol mwa amuna ndi mibadwo, malinga ndi momwe cholesterol mwa amuna imatsimikiziridwa mosavuta, zizindikiro zake pamibadwo yosiyana. Kuchokera pagome lolingana, mutha kudziwa kuti ndi hlu-cholesterol iti yomwe imawoneka ngati yoyenera

Komabe, kuti muwone ngati mulingo wabwinobwino mwa amuna ndi akazi ulidi ndi chizindikirocho, choyambirira, muyenera kukayezetsa magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kudziwa zomwe zili mu cholesterol yathunthu, komanso zomwe zili m'zisonyezo zina - otsika kapena shuga wambiri, etc.

Kupatula apo, ngakhale chizolowezi cha cholesterol chokwanira chikuchuluka, ndiye kuti ndizosatheka kudziwa zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zapadera za vutoli. Ndiye kuti, munthu sazindikira kuti chizolowezicho chimapitilira, ndipo mitsempha yake yamagazi imatsekeka kapena kufupika, mpaka atazindikira kuti akumva kupweteka mumtima, kapena mpaka kugunda kwa mtima kapena kugunda kwa mtima.

Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kwa munthu wathanzi labwino wazaka zilizonse, ndikofunikira kuyesa ndikuwunika ngati cholesterol yovomerezeka ndiyopitirira. Komanso, aliyense ayenera kuletsa kuwonjezeka kwa izi kuti apewe kutukula kwa atherosermosis ndi matenda ena akulu mtsogolo.

Ndani ayenera kuyang'anira cholesterol

Ngati munthu ali wathanzi, samawonetsa zizindikiro zoyipa, safunikira kuganizira zam'matumbo kapena kuwona ngati mulingo wabwinobwino Cholesterin m'thupi zimachitika. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri odwala poyamba samaganizira za kuchuluka kwa chinthu ichi.

Makamaka mosamala komanso pafupipafupi kuyeza chizindikiro ichi ndikofunikira kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa, omwe ali ndi mavuto amtima komanso mitsempha yamagazi. Kuphatikiza apo, zowonetsa pakuwunika pafupipafupi zimakhala ndi magulu awa:

• kusuta anthu
• odwala matenda oopsa,
• anthu onenepa kwambiri
• odwala matenda a mtima dongosolo,
• amene amakonda kukhala pansi.
• akazi pambuyo kusintha kwa thupi,
• Amuna atakwanitsa zaka 40,
• anthu okalamba.

Iwo omwe akuyenera kukayezetsa magazi a cholesterol ayenera kufunsa akatswiri oyenerera momwe angayesere mayeso a cholesterol. Momwe amapangira magazi, kuphatikiza cholesterol, amatsimikiza kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi. Momwe mungaperekere magazi a cholesterol? Kusanthula kotereku kumachitika m'chipatala chilichonse, chifukwa, pafupifupi 5 ml ya magazi imatengedwa kuchokera kumitsempha ya ulnar. Omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi momwe angaperekere magazi ayenera kuganizira kuti asanazindikire izi, wodwalayo sayenera kudya kwa theka la tsiku. Komanso, munthawi yopereka magazi, sikofunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri.

Palinso kuyesa kwapadera kogwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba. Awa ndi ma waya oyesera omwe ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Kusanthula kosunthika kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe matenda ashugalipid kagayidwe kachakudya.

Momwe munganyozere kuyesedwa kwa magazi

Kuti mudziwe ngati cholesterol yathunthu imakwezedwa, mutha kuyezetsa magazi mu labotale. Ngati cholesterol yokwanira imakwezedwa, zimatanthawuza momwe angachitire, ndipo adotolo amafotokozera zonse zokhudzana ndi mankhwalawa. Koma mutha kuyesa kuti mudziwe nokha zotsatira zakumayesowo. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudziwa kuti kusanthula kwa biochemical kumakhala ndizisonyezo zitatu: LDL cholesterol, cholesterol ya HDL ndi cholesterol yonse.

Lipidogram- Uku ndi kafukufuku wokwanira yemwe amakupatsani mwayi kuti mufufuze ma metabolid a lipid mthupi, omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone momwe metabolidi a metabolid amapezeka ndikuwerengera chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi matenda a mtima.

Kusankha koyenera kwa mawonekedwe a magazi a lipid ndikofunikira komanso kuchokera pakuwunika pakuwunika kufunikira kwa kutenga ma statins, mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa mankhwalawa. Ma Statin ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi zovuta zambiri, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kutengera zomwe zili - mbiri ya lipid, kusanthula uku kumakupatsani mwayi wofufuza kuti mudziwe magazi a anthu ndikupereka mankhwala othandiza kwambiri kwa wodwala.

Kupatula apo, cholesterol yathunthu ndi chisonyezo kuti mwa icho chokha sichimapangitsa kuyesa bwinobwino kuwoneka kwa atherosulinosis wodwala. Ngati cholesterol yathunthu ndi yokwera, choti muchite ikhoza kuyesedwa ndi magulu athunthu azidziwitso. Chifukwa chake, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zatsimikiziridwa:

• HDL (alpha cholesterol) - zimatsimikiziridwa kuti lipoproteins yapamwamba kwambiri imachulukitsidwa kapena kuchepa.Amadziwikanso, posankha magawo a b-lipoprotein, kuti chinthu ichi chimagwira ntchito yoteteza, kupewa chitukuko cha atherosulinosis.
• LDL- otsika osalimba lipoproteins achulukitsidwa kapena kuchepa. Mokulira beta cholesterol, m'pamenenso zochita za ma atherosselotic zimayamba.
• VLDL- lipoproteins otsika kachulukidwe, chifukwa cha iwo ma lipids otengedwa amapezeka mu plasma. Zophatikizidwa ndi chiwindi, ndizofunikira kwambiri za LDL. Ma VLDLPs amatenga nawo mbali popanga ma atherosulinotic malo.
• Triglycerides- Izi ndi zigawo za mafuta achilengedwe komanso glycerol. Awa ndi mayendedwe amtundu wamafuta, chifukwa chake, zomwe zimawonjezeka zimathandiziranso kuopsa kwa atherosulinosis.

Zomwe zimayenera kukhala cholesterol yokhazikika, yotsimikizika kutengera zaka, zitha kukhala zosiyana kwa azimayi ndi abambo. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti nambala yeniyeni yomwe cholesterin yodziwika siiyo. Pali malingaliro okha omwe mlozera mawu uyenera kukhala. Chifukwa chake, ngati chizindikirocho chiri chosiyana ndi kupatuka pamlingo, ndiye kuti uwu ndi umboni wa matenda aliwonse.

Komabe, omwe ati awonetsetsetsetsetsetse ayenera kukumbukiranso kuti zolakwika zina zimaloledwa pakuwunika. Zambiri kuchokera phunziroli zidawonetsa kuti mu 75% ya malo ogulitsa dzikolo zolakwazo zimaloledwa. Kodi mungatani ngati mukufuna kupeza zotsatira zenizeni? Ndikofunika kuchita kusanthula motere m'ma labotale omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi All-Russian Central Testing Center (Invitro, etc.)

Chikhalidwe cha mafuta m'thupi mwa akazi

• Nthawi zambiri, mwa akazi, chizindikiro cha chol chonse ndi 3.6-5.2 mmol / l,
• Chs, kuchuluka kwambiri - 5.2 - 6.19 mmol / l,
• Chs idakwera kwambiri - kuchokera oposa 6.19 mmol / L.
• Cholesterol ya LDL: chizindikiro choyenera ndi 3.5 mmol / L, chowonjezeka - kuchokera ku 4.0 mmol / L.
• HDL cholesterol: chizindikiro chodziwika ndi 0.9-1.9 mmol / L, mulingo wotsika 0.78 mmol / L umawonedwa kuti ndi wowopsa thanzi.

Chikhalidwe cha mafuta m'thupi mwa amuna

• Nthawi zambiri, chizindikiro cha Chol chathunthu mwa amuna ndi 3.6-5.2 mmol / l,
• LDL cholesterol chizindikiro choyenera - 2.25-4.82 mmol / l,
• HDL cholesterol chizindikiro choyenera - 0,7-1.7 mmol / L.

Triglycerides

Triglycerides ndi mtundu wapadera wamafuta omwe amapezeka m'magazi a anthu. Ndiwo gwero lalikulu lamphamvu komanso mtundu wambiri wamafuta m'thupi. Kuyesedwa kwakukulu kwa magazi kumazindikira kuchuluka kwa triglycerides. Ngati ndizabwinobwino, ndiye kuti mafutawa amapindulitsa thupi.

Monga lamulo, triglycerides m'magazi amawonjezereka mwa iwo omwe amamwa kuchuluka kwama kilocalories kuposa omwe amawotcha. Ndi kuchuluka kwawo, otchedwa kagayidwe kachakudya matendamomwe magazi amadziwika, shuga wamagazi amawonjezeka, mafuta ochepa amadziwika, komanso pali mafuta ambiri m'chiuno. Izi zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga, sitiroko, matenda a mtima.

Mlingo wa triglycerides ndi 150 mg / dl. Mlingo wa triglycerides mwa akazi m'magazi, monga mwa amuna, umachuluka ngati chizindikiro chimaposa 200 mg / dl. Komabe, chizindikirocho chili mpaka 400 mg / dl. osankhidwa ngati ovomerezeka Mulingo wapamwamba umawerengedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro cha 400-1000 mg / dl. okwera kwambiri - kuchokera ku 1000 mg / dl.

Ngati triglycerides ndi otsika, izi zikutanthauza chiyani, muyenera kufunsa dokotala. Vutoli limadziwika ndi matenda am'mapapo, hyperthyroidism, infarction ya ubongo, kuwonongeka kwa parenchyma, myasthenia gravis, akatengedwa Vitamini C ndi ena

Kodi mgwirizano wa atherogenic ndi chiyani?

Ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi chiyani chokhudzana ndi magazi pamagazi? Kukwanira kwa atherogenicNdi mwambo kutcha chiyerekezo cha kuchuluka ndi cholesterin yonse. Chizindikiro ichi ndichowonetsero cholondola kwambiri cha momwe limagwirira kagayidwe ka lipid m'thupi, komanso kuwunika mwayi wa atherosulinosis ndi matenda ena. Kuti muwerenge index ya atherogenic, muyenera kuchotsa HDL kuchokera ku cholesterol index yonse, ndikugawa kusiyana ndi HDL.

Mulingo wofanana mwa akazi ndi zomwe zimadziwika mwa abambo pachizindikiro ndi motere:

• 2-2.8 - achinyamata ochepera zaka 30,
• 3-3.5 - chofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu azaka 30 omwe alibe zizindikiro za atherosulinosis,
• kuchokera ku 4 - chizindikiritso cha anthu omwe akudwala matenda a mtima.

Ngati cholowa cha atherogenic chili pansipa, ndiye kuti izi sizoyambitsa nkhawa. Mosiyana, ngati cholingachi chikuchepa, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha atherosclerosis mwa anthu ndichilepera.

Ndikofunika kulabadira mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ngati zoyenera za atherogenic ziwonjezereka. Ndi chiyani komanso momwe mungachitire pankhaniyi, katswiri adzakuuzani. Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi mphamvu ya atherogenic kuchuluka kwake, zifukwa zake zimachitika chifukwa chakuti mthupi loipa cholesterol imachuluka. Zoyenera kuchita ngati zoterezi? Choyamba, muyenera kulumikizana ndi dokotala woyenera yemwe adzayesere bwino mlozera wa atherogenic. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani, katswiri yekha ndiamene amatha kudziwa bwino komanso kufotokoza momveka bwino.

Atherogenicity- Ichi ndiye choyimira chachikulu chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wowunika momwe odwala hypercholesterolemia alili. Iyenera kuyesetsa kuonetsetsa kuti lipoproteins imabwezeretseka. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kuchepa kwa cholesterin kokwanira, komanso kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins okwera. Chifukwa chake, kusindikiza kwa mawonekedwe a lipid am'magazi kumapereka kuti β-lipoproteins, chikhalidwe chomwe chimapezeka mwa azimayi ndi abambo omwe, monga tawonetsera kale, ndizosiyana, zimaganiziridwanso poyang'ana momwe wodwalayo alili.

Maphunziro ena a cholesterol yapamwamba

Ngati pali chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis, amatsimikiza osati ma lipoprotein (abwinobwino m'magazi), komanso zofunikira zina, makamaka kuthamanga kwa magazi mwa amayi ndi amuna.PTI Ndi index ya prothrombin, chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za coagulogram, kafukufuku wazomwe zimachitika mu magazi.

Komabe, pakadali pano pali mankhwala okhazikika - INRchomwe chikuyimira ubale wapadziko lonse lapansi. Ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezereka, pamakhala ngozi yotaya magazi. Ngati INR iwonjezereka, izi zikutanthauza chiyani, katswiri amafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane.

Dokotala wanu angalimbikitsenso kuyesa kwa CT4 (thyroxine yaulere), yomwe imapangidwa ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Hormone iyi imathandizira cholesterol yamagazi.

Kutanthauzira kwa Hgb (hemoglobin) ndiyofunikanso, chifukwa chokhala ndi cholesterol hemoglobin yambiri imatha kukhala yochuluka kwambiri, ndipo izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, stroke, thrombosis, etc. Kodi kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin kuyenera kukhala kwabwinobwino, mutha kufunsa katswiri.

Zizindikiro zina ndi zolemba (he4) ndi zina zimatsimikizika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi cholesterol yayikulu ngati kuli kofunikira.

Zoyenera kuchita kuti matenda a cholesterol asinthe?

Anthu ambiri, atalandira mayeso ndipo adazindikira kuti ali ndi cholesterol 7 kapena 8 cholesterol, samangoganiza choti achite. Lamulo loyambirira pankhaniyi ndi motere: kuyezetsa magazi kwamankhwala kuyenera kukonzedwa ndi katswiri yemwe malingaliro ake akuyenera kutsatiridwa. Ndiye kuti, ngati lipoproteins yotsika imakwezedwa, ndi chiyani, dokotala ayenera kufotokoza. Momwemonso, ngati pali cholesterol yotsika magazi, izi zikutanthauza chiyani, muyenera kufunsa katswiri.

Monga lamulo, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsidwa momveka bwino. kudya mafuta ambiri mwa amuna komanso akazi. M'mikhalidwe yake, ndizosavuta kumvetsetsa. Sikokwanira kudya zakudya zamafuta okhaokha, komanso mafuta m'thupi mafuta owopsa. Malangizo ena ofunika akuyenera kukumbukiridwa:

• amachepetsa kuchuluka kwamafuta azakudya,
• chepetsa nyama yamafuta, chotsani khungu ku nkhuku musanadye,
• sinthani magawo a batala, mayonesi, kirimu wowawasa wokhala ndi mafuta ambiri,
• sakani chophika osati chakudya chokazinga,
• Mutha kudya mazira osavutitsidwa
• Zakudyazi ziyenera kukhala ndi mitundu yayitali ya zipatso (maapulo, beets, nyemba, kaloti, kabichi, kiwi, ndi zina),
• Ndikofunika kudya mafuta a masamba, nsomba.

Ngati pitsterin imakwezedwa liti mimba, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo a dokotala momveka bwino - ndiye amene angakuwuzeni kuti ndi njira iti yothandiza pankhaniyi yofunikira kwambiri.

Kuwona zotsatira za kusanthula kwa cholesterol 6.6 kapena cholesterol 9, choti achite, wodwalayo ayenera kufunsa katswiri. Mwachidziwikire kuti adotolo angalembe chithandizo, motsogozedwa ndi zomwe wodwala akuonetsa.

Tiyenera kukumbukiridwa bwino kuti mulingo wabwinoko wa Chl ndi chinsinsi cha thanzi lamitsempha yamagazi ndi mtima wanu, ndipo chitani chilichonse kuti muwongolere zizindikirozi

Metabolism yachilendo yamafuta imachitika ngati zizindikiro zikuyandikira mfundo zotsatirazi:

Makhalidwe wamba

Nthawi zambiri odwala amakhala ndi chidwi ndi funso - kodi cholesterol ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani imafunikira m'thupi lathu? Ichi ndi molekyu yovuta yamafuta, yoposa 80% yomwe imapangidwa m'thupi la munthu ndi maselo a chiwindi, ena onse - amabwera ndi chakudya. Zothandiza pa cholesterol:

• kumawonjezera kupindika kwa cytoplasmic nembanemba yama cell,
• amatenga nawo mbali pa kayendedwe ka cell membrane permeability,
• ndiye maziko a mavitamini osungunuka a mafuta ndi ma acid acid,
• imateteza maselo ofiira kuti asawonongeke ndi zinthu zapoizoni,
• imagwira ntchito ngati gawo lapansi pakuphatikizidwa kwa mahomoni.

Kusungunuka kokha m'mafuta kumachepetsa kubereka kwake mu mawonekedwe ake oyera. Chifukwa chake, "imayikidwa" mu chipolopolo chapadera cha peptide, ndipo zovuta ndi mapuloteni amatchedwa lipoprotein. Pakadali pano pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya lipoprotein. Amasiyananso molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawo zake kapangidwe kake ndi kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka: kotsika kwambiri, kotsika komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono.

Cholesterol "choyipa" komanso "chabwino" - kusiyana kwake ndi chiyani?

High density lipoproteins (HDL) - 40% ya kuchuluka konse, amawerengedwa kuti ndi "abwino" chifukwa makamaka amakhala ndi peptides. HDL imapereka ma molekyulu ochuluka a cholesterol kubwerera ku maselo a chiwindi, komwe amachotsedwa ngati gawo la bile acid.

Lipoprotein ("yoipa") yotsika kwambiri imapangidwa kuchokera ku mamolekyu otsika kwambiri. LDL imawonjezera chiopsezo cha thrombosis kukhala malo ovuta chifukwa mapangidwe amipanda yamafuta pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi, kufalikira kwa komwe kungayambitse kulekanitsa kwa thrombus nthawi iliyonse ndi kufa. Ntchito yayikulu ndikusintha kwa cholesterol mthupi lonse. Kuchulukitsidwa kwambiri kwa LDL kumatha kukhala chifukwa chodya kwambiri mafuta zamafuta kapena chifukwa cholowa mwa munthu.

Kulumikizana ndi triglycerides

Asanayankhe funso - kodi triglycerides ndi cholesterol zimagwirizana bwanji? ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa komwe kukhazikitsidwa kwawo kuli chamoyo. Triglycerides (mafuta) nawonso ndi gawo la lipoproteins mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wawo. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya triglycerides ndi kukhalapo osati mu ma cell a zinyama ndi anthu, komanso komanso muzomera.

Malinga ndi mawerengero: mwa anthu omwe misempha yawo ya triglyceride imaposa yachilendo (kuposa 2,5 mmol / l), vuto la mtima limachitika kangapo ka 4.5.

Zizindikiro za cholesterol yayikulu yamagazi mwa akazi

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti milandu yambiri ya hypercholesterolemia imakhala asymptomatic kwa nthawi yayitali. Mndandanda wazizindikiro za cholesterol yayikulu mwa akazi:

• kuchuluka kwa magazi,
• onenepa kwambiri
• kukhalapo kwa arrhythmias,
• kupweteka kwakanthawi pachifuwa
• kutopa, kufupika, komanso kuyenda modekha.

Phunziroli limaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazovomerezeka pakuwunika kwa wodwalayo kwapachaka. Ana, kuyambira zaka ziwiri, akuwonetsedwa kutsimikiza kwa chizindikirocho, ngati banja lili ndi vuto la mtima adakali aang'ono.

Kuphatikiza apo, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa komanso kusuta fodya, kudya kwambiri, mbiri yodwala matenda a mtima, matenda amtima kapena matenda a shuga, komanso kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndizizindikiro zowunikira kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kuzindikira koyenera kwa mfundo zowonjezera kumakupatsani mwayi wosankha mankhwala othandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha thrombosis.

Kusanthula kwa cholesterol - momwe angakonzekerere?

Kulondola ndi kudalirika kwa zotsatira zomwe zimapezeka sizimangotengera kukhazikitsidwa kolondola kwa njira zowunikira bwino, komanso kukonzekera kwa wodwalayo. The biomaterial for the phunziroli ndi seramu kuchokera ku magazi a venous, omwe amatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha wa kuberekera kumapeto. Nthawi yotsogolera ingasiyane kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa malo ogwirira ntchito, koma, monga lamulo, sizidutsa tsiku 1 kuchokera nthawi yomwe akutenga zotsalira.

Kukonzekera zopereka zamagazi za cholesterol:

• patsiku, chakudyacho chimasinthidwa kuti chichepetse mafuta ndi mafuta okazinga, popeza kuchuluka kwake kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zabodza,
• chakudya chomaliza chikhala pafupifupi maola 8
• theka la ola musanadye zophatikiza ndizoletsedwa kusuta.
• pa ola limodzi, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa nkhawa komanso thupi, chifukwa kupsinjika kumakhudza maselo onse amthupi la munthu.

Pazowunikira, njira yojambula ya colorimetric imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti muchepetse cholakwika cha zida, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuyambiranso wodwalayo kumalimbikitsidwa kuti apange mawunikidwe omwewo.

Momwe mungayang'anire cholesterol kunyumba?

Kuti mupange mayeso a cholesterol kunyumba, mudzafunika chida chapadera, chokwanira chomwe ma strips amayesedwa. Chizindikiro chimayikidwa pamizere yoyesera; kusintha pakukhudzana ndi shuga kapena lipoproteins amalembedwa ndi katswiri.

Chofunikira: kuti mupeze zizindikiro zolondola kwambiri, simuyenera kukhudza zingwe zoyeserera, dontho la magazi kuchokera chala lokha liyenera kuyikidwa kwa iwo.

Chipangizocho chikufunika kwa odwala omwe adapezeka kuti adakumana ndi kuchuluka kwa chizindikiritso cha seramu. Kuwunikira tsiku ndi tsiku kuwunika momwe njira zosankhira mankhwala zimasinthira ndikusintha ngati pakufunika. Dziwani kuti kuyesa mtengo kunyumba sikumapatula kufunika koyezetsa magazi kwa chipatala. Chifukwa chipangizocho sichimatsimikizira zotsatira zolondola pazamoyo zonse.

Mafuta a cholesterol mwa akazi

Nthawi zambiri odwala amakhala ndi chidwi - kodi cholesterol imawonetsedwa bwanji pakupenda magazi m'makalata achi Latin? Zosankha zingapo ndizotheka: magazi a cholesterol, Cholesterol, Cholesterol okwanira, koma mawonekedwe omwe amawakonda kwambiri ndi Chol.

Chofunikira: ndi dokotala wokhayo amene amatha kuzindikira komanso kusanthula zotsatira zake. Kudzifufuza nokha ndi komwe kumayambitsa matenda pafupipafupi, kufa sikumatha.

Ndikofunikira kuganizira zaka za phunziroli komanso gawo la msambo, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol mwa ana ndi kosiyana kwambiri ndi achikulire. Zinadziwika kuti panthawi ya follicular gawo (masiku 3 mpaka 15) mwa wodwala, mawonekedwe omwe akuwunikiridwa amatha kuchuluka mpaka 10%, omwe angayambitse zotsatira zolakwika. Izi zimafotokozedwa ndi kukopa kwa mahomoni ogonana pakupanga ma mamolekyulu.

Malingaliro (ovomerezeka) a odwala azaka zonse amafotokozedwa pagome.

Kuwunikira Mimba

Panthawi yapakati, zoyenera zovomerezeka zomwe zikuyang'aniridwa zimasinthira pamwamba. Mu trimester yoyamba, HDL ndiyofunikira kuti mapangidwe athunthu a placenta, komanso kupanga okwanira kwamahomoni ndi tiziwalo tamadontho tambiri. Chifukwa chake, kwa odwala pakati, pazovomerezeka zomwe zimaperekedwa zimafotokozedwa.

Mkulu mafuta m'thupi nthawi yapakati amawonetsa kukula kwa matenda. Kuti mupeze zomwe zimayambitsa kupatuka pazinthu zoyenera, njira zowonjezera zowerengera ndi zida zothandizira zimayikidwa.

Pambuyo pobadwa kwa mwana, kufunika kwa chizindikirocho kumabwereranso kuzowunikira mkati mwa masabata 6.

Mitundu ya cholesterol yamagazi mwa akazi pambuyo pa zaka 40

Pa premenopusing, mphamvu ya thupi ya mayi imayamba kusintha, ndikukonzekera thupi kusiya kusintha kwa thupi. Pali kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe ka progesterone ndi estrogens, zomwe zimadziwika ndi antiatherosulinotic zotsatira - kuchepa kwa ndende ya LDL komanso kuwonjezeka kwa HDL. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira ali ndi zaka 40, mkazi ayenera kuyang'anira kwambiri chizindikiro ichi kuti achepetse chiopsezo chotenga mafuta.

Mitengo yovomerezeka yopambana sayenera kupitilira 6.6 mmol / L. Kupeza kwakanthawi kotsimikizika osati malire apamwamba a chizolowezi ndi chifukwa chokwanira chokhazikitsidwa ndi chakudya chapadera, komanso pafupipafupi zowonetsa - posankha mankhwala.

Odwala ali ndi chidwi - momwe mungapewere cholesterol yayikulu pambuyo pa zaka 40? Kutalikirana ndi zakudya zamafuta, moyo wokangalika, komanso kukana kumwa mowa ndi kusuta fodya kumathandizira kuti pakhale mafuta munthawi yayitali.

Mitundu ya cholesterol yamagazi mwa akazi pambuyo pa zaka 50

Pa nthawi yakusamba, mahomoni ogonana achikazi amasiya kupangika ndi thumba losunga mazira, pomwe kuchuluka kwa LDL ("koyipa") kumawonjezeka, ndipo HDL ("yabwino") imachepa. Makhalidwe ovomerezeka ndi:

• mpaka 5,5 mmol / l kwa LDL
• mpaka 2.45 mmol / L ya HDL.

Kudziletsa ndikofunikira kwa amayi nthawi yakanthawi yakusamba, chifukwa chake, pakadali pano, ndikulimbikitsidwa kugula chida chakuyezera kwa chizindikirocho.

Mitundu ya cholesterol yamagazi mwa akazi pambuyo pa zaka 60

Makhalidwe abwinobwino kwa zaka 60 adzaonedwa kuti ndiowonjezera kwa wodwala pazaka 30. Mphamvu yotsutsa-atherosulinotic imachepetsedwa chifukwa estrogens samapangidwanso. Pambuyo pa zaka 60, kuyendetsedwa kwa chizindikirocho kuyenera kusungidwa kuyambira 4,7 mpaka 7.8 mmol / L. Kunyalanyaza lamuloli kumatha kubweretsa zotchingira zotchingira ndi zotengera zamafuta, ndipo, chifukwa, vuto la mtima kapena sitiroko.

Chithandizo pambuyo pa zaka 65 ndi cholesterol yayikulu m'magazi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala - ma statins. Komabe, zidadziwika kuti patatha zaka 70, kugwiritsa ntchito ma statins kumayamba kutchulidwa.

Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani ngati cholesterol yathunthu imakwezedwa?

Chofunikira: kupatuka kumodzi kumatchulidwe sikuyenera kuzindikira ndipo kungakhale chifukwa cha thupi. Kusanthula kumayenera kubwezerezedwanso mwezi umodzi kamodzi, kawiri pambuyo pake.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yathunthu m'magazi:

• genetic - hypercholesterolemia mu mbiri ya banja,
• kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri
• Matenda a chiwindi a m'matumbo (cirrhosis, hepatitis), omwe amachititsa bile stasis,
• kuwonongeka kwa impso,
• matenda ashuga
• neoplasms yoyipa ya Prostate kapena kapamba,
• kusowa kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro,
• uchidakwa.

Kutengera ndi zotsatira za phunziroli, wodwalayo amapatsidwa gawo limodzi mwa magulu omwe azindikiridwa ndi chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a mtima:

• mfundo zabwino (mpaka 5.6 mmol / l) - chiopsezo chochepa,
• pamlingo wapamwamba wazomwezo (mpaka 6.7 mmol / l) - chiopsezo chapakati,
• kuposa zabwinobwino (zoposa 6.7 mmol / l) - chiwopsezo chachikulu.

Odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo chapakati komanso chofunikira amapatsidwa matenda owonjezera a labotale - kutsimikiza kwa lipid mbiri (mbiri ya lipid), yomwe imakupatsani mwayi kuti mumvetse bwino za ndende ya HDL ndi LDL.

Cholesterol okwera mwa mwana amafotokozedwanso zifukwa zomwezi monga akulu: cholowa, kudya mopitirira muyeso komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Kuyang'ana kowonjezereka kuyenera kulipidwa kuti apange mndandanda wa ana, pomwe kupatula zakudya zamafuta ochulukirapo ndi shuga.

Zimayambitsa cholesterol yotsika magazi mwa akazi

Zotsatira zowonetsa zotsika mtengo zitha kupezeka ngati:

• Wodwalayo adaperekanso nyamayo ikagona,
• zolembedwazi zidayambitsidwa ndi kupsinjika kwakuthupi kapena kwamalingaliro.
• zakudya zamafuta a polyunsaturated acids zimakhazikika muzakudya,
• matenda oopsa kapena opaleshoni yaposachedwa kwambiri
• Mankhwala otengera mahomoni ogonana achikazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

• kupatuka kamodzi pamiyezo yokhazikika kumatha chifukwa cha kukonzekera molakwika kwa wodwalayo kapena zifukwa zina zathupi.
• Zotsatira zopitilira muyeso (mobwereza-bwereza katatu kapena katatu) - mpata wamapililogalamu ndi kuperekedwa kwa njira zodziwira matenda kuti adziwe zomwe zimayambitsa,
• ndikofunikira kuwongolera milingo ya LDL. Zambiri zake zimabweretsa mapangidwe amkati wamafuta mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimawonjezera kwambiri chiopsezo chodwala mtima kapena stroko.

Julia Martynovich (Peshkova)

Omaliza maphunziro, mu 2014 adachita maphunziro apamwamba ku Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education ku Orenburg State University ndi digiri ya Microbiology. Omaliza maphunziro a digiri yoyamba FSBEI HE Orenburg State Agrarian University.

Mu 2015 Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences apitilanso maphunziro apansi pa pulogalamu yowonjezera yaukadaulo "Bacteriology".

Laureate mpikisano wa All-Russian pantchito yabwino yasayansi mukutchedwa "Biological Sayansi" wa 2017.

Ma Mateti a Cholesterol:

• kuchuluka kwa magazi
• kuchuluka kwa LDL (otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins),
• mtundu wa HDL (lipoproteins high)
• wamba TG (triglycerides mu seramu yamagazi),
• zofanana mwa ana ndi achinyamata (pofika zaka zakubadwa),
• zizolowezi mwa akulu (pofika zaka),
• abwinobwino mwa amuna ndi akazi achikulire.
• kanema: "Ophunzira amayankha mafunso ovuta a cholesterol" ndi "Kodi tikupenda chiyani?"

C cholesterol chonse

Izi zikutanthauza kuti cholesterol:

Ziwerengerozi zimawonetsedwa kuti zikuthandizeni malinga ndi malingaliro omwe mabungwe olamulira monga ZOSAVUTA (European Atherosulinosis Society) ndi HOA (National Atherosulinosis Society).

Tikuwonetsa chidwi chanu kuti mulingo wabwinobwino wa cholesterol (kutengera zaka ndi jenda) si mtengo wofunika. Ndiye kuti, zimasintha pazaka. Zambiri mwatsatanetsatane zimapezeka pagome. pansipa.

Gome: LDL cholesterol

Izi zikutanthauza kuti cholesterol:

zabwinobwino zoopsa

zachilengedwe "

LDL (LDL) moyenera "koyipa" cholesterol. Ntchito yayikulu ndikuteteza thupi ku poizoni m'madzi am'magazi, "kunyamula" vitamini E, carotenoids ndi triglycerides. Makhalidwe oyipa - amakhala pamakoma a mitsempha yamagazi / mitsempha, ndikupanga ma deposits amafuta (cholesterol plaques). Amapangidwa m'chiwindi kuchokera LDLP (otsika otsika kwambiri lipids) pa hydrolysis. Nthawi yakuwonongeka ili ndi dzina lina - Lobbpomwe zilembo zomaliza zikutanthauza - PWapakatikati Pmafuta odzola.

Gome: HDL cholesterol

Izi zikutanthauza kuti cholesterol:

kwa amuna: 1.0 - 1.3

kwa amayi: 1,3 - 1.5

kwa amuna: ochepera 1.0

kwa akazi: ochepera 1.3

HDL (HDL) alfa cholesterol "wabwino" kwambiri.Ili ndi zida zapadera za anti-atherogenic. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, kuphatikiza kwake kwakukulu kumatchedwa "Kutalika kwa moyo". Gulu la lipoprotein, kunena mophiphiritsa, "limawunikira" anzawo ofana nawo kuchokera kumakoma ena (kuwatumizira iwo ku chiwindi kuti akonzere mu bile acids), yomwe imachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a mtima ndi atherosulinosis ("Wopha anthu chete)).

Gome: Zolemba za TG (triglyceride)

Triglycerides - ndi zinthu zachilengedwe (zochokera ku glycerin) zomwe zimagwira mthupi la munthu ndizofunikira kwambiri pakapangidwe kake ndi mphamvu (potero, kukhala gawo lalikulu la membrane wa khungu, komanso malo othandiza m'maselo amafuta). Amapangidwa m'chiwindi ndikulowa kudzera mu chakudya. Kusanthula kwa TG ndikofunikira pakuwunika kwa atherosulinosis (poganizira kuchuluka kwa magawo a LDL ndi HDL cholesterol), shuga mellitus (Type II), pancreatitis pachimake, "kunenepa kwambiri" kwa chiwindi, hyperthyroidism, malabsorption syndrome, ndi matenda ena. Kutengera awo kutsitsidwa kapena mfundo zowonjezera.

Muyezo wa cholesterol yamagazi mwa ana ndi achinyamata - gome pofika zaka

Mtundu wa unit: mmol / L

Nkhani yatsatanetsatane:

Gome - Chofunikira cha cholesterol yamagazi mwa akulu (zolembedwa)

Mitundu ya mafuta m'thupi okalamba - gome (ndi m'badwo)

Zolemba zothandiza patsamba lathu:

Spika Yuri Belenkov (wamtima, pulofesa, katswiri wa Russian Academy of Science) - ali ndi mwayi wowazindikira!

Kodi cholesterol ndi chiyani?

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti cholesterol si chinthu chomwe chimapangitsa munthu kuvulala kokha. Cholesterol ndi chinthu chachilengedwe m'thupi chomwe chimatenga nawo mbali pamaumboni ambiri. Choyamba, pamaziko ake pali kuphatikiza kwamahomoni ambiri, makamaka, mahomoni ogonana - testosterone wamwamuna ndi mahomoni achikazi, mahomoni a adrenal - cortisol.

Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti cholesterol ndi zinthu zomanga maselo. Makamaka, ndi gawo la membrane wa maselo. Makamaka ambiri a iwo m'maselo ofiira a m'magazi. Imapezekanso mu ma cell a chiwindi ndi ubongo. Kuphatikiza apo, cholesterol imachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pakukamata, ndikuchita nawo mapangidwe a bile acid. Cholesterol imakhudza kapangidwe ka vitamini D pakhungu ndipo imathandizira kukhalabe ndi chitetezo chokwanira.

Ma cholesterol ambiri mthupi samakhala mwaulere, koma amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mapuloteni apadera - lipoprotein ndi mitundu ya lipoprotein. Mwambiri, kapangidwe ka mankhwala a cholesterol ndichinthu pakati pa mafuta ndi ma alcohols ndipo ndi gawo la mankhwala omwe amapezeka m'mafuta. M'malo ambiri, imakhala yofanana ndi bile. Apa ndipomwe dzina lake limachokera, lomwe limatanthawuza "bile kali" muchi Greek.

Cholesterol - kuvulaza kapena kupindula?

Chifukwa chake, cholesterol ilibe ntchito yofunikira mthupi. Komabe, kodi iwo amene amati cholesterol si yoyenera? Inde, kulondola, ndipo nachifukwa chake.

Ma cholesterol onse amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri yayikulu - iyi mkulu osachulukitsa lipoprotein (HDL) kapena otchedwa alpha-cholesterol ndi otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins (LDL). Mitundu yonse iwiri imakhala ndi magazi ake.

Cholesterol wa mtundu woyamba amatchedwa "wabwino", ndipo wachiwiri - "woipa." Kodi mawu ofananawo ndi otani? Popeza kuti lipoproteins yotsika kwambiri imayikidwa pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi.Kuchokera kwa iwo kuti mapangidwe a atheroscrotic amapangidwa, omwe amatha kutseka lumen ya ziwiya ndikupangitsa matenda oopsa a mtima monga matenda a mtima, kugunda kwa mtima ndi sitiroko. Komabe, izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati cholesterol “yoyipa” ilipo kwambiri m'magazi ndipo chizolowezi chake chimaposa. Kuphatikiza apo, HDL ndiyo imachotsa LDL pazombo.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kugawanika kwa cholesterol kukhala "koyipa" ndi "chabwino" ndikotsutsana. Ngakhale LDL ndiyofunikira kwambiri kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito, ndipo ngati muwachotsa, ndiye kuti sangakhale ndi moyo. Zangokhala zakuti kupyola muyezo wa LDL ndizowopsa kuposa kupitirira HDL. Chizindikiro mongacholesterol yathunthu - kuchuluka kwa cholesterol komwe mitundu yake yonse imawerengedwa.

Kodi cholesterol imatha bwanji mthupi? Mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, cholesterol yambiri imapangidwa m'chiwindi, ndipo salowa mthupi ndi chakudya. Ngati tilingalira za HDL, ndiye kuti mtundu wamtunduwu wa lipid umapangidwa pafupifupi m'chiwalochi. Ponena za LDL, ndizovuta kwambiri. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a cholesterol "yoyipa" imapangidwanso m'chiwindi, koma 20-25% imalowa m'thupi kuchokera kunja. Zikuwoneka ngati zazing'ono, koma kwenikweni, ngati munthu ali ndi cholesterol yoyipa yomwe ili pafupi ndi malire, ndikuphatikiza apo yambiri imabwera ndi chakudya, ndipo kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yabwino kumakhala kochepa, izi zitha kuyambitsa mavuto akulu.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti munthu adziwe cholesterol yomwe ali nayo, momwe ayenera kukhalira. Ndipo sikuti ndi cholesterol kwathunthu, HDL ndi LDL. Cholesterol ilinso ndi kachulukidwe kochepa kwambiri kopoproteins (VLDL) ndi triglycerides. Ma VLDL amapangidwa m'matumbo ndipo ali ndi udindo wonyamula mafuta ku chiwindi. Ndizotsatira zam'mbuyomu za LDL. Komabe, kupezeka kwa cholesterol yamtunduwu m'magazi sikungatheke.

Triglycerides ndi ma estor apamwamba mafuta acids ndi glycerol. Ndi amodzi mwa mafutawa omwe ali mthupi lambiri, akuchita gawo lofunikira kwambiri mu metabolism komanso kukhala gwero lamphamvu. Ngati chiwerengero chawo chikupezeka paliponse, ndiye kuti palibe chodandaula. China chake ndi kuchuluka kwawo. Pankhaniyi, ndizowopsa monga LDL. Kuwonjezeka kwa triglycerides m'magazi kumawonetsa kuti munthu amamwa mphamvu zambiri kuposa kuwotcha. Matendawa amatchedwa metabolic syndrome. Mwanjira imeneyi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka, kukakamizidwa kumawuka ndipo madongosolo amafuta amawonekera.

Kutsitsa triglycerides kumatha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda am'mapapo, hyperthyroidism, ndi kuchepa kwa vitamini C. VLDL ndi mtundu wa cholesterol womwe ulinso wofunikira kwambiri. Ma lipids awa amatenganso gawo lina pakubisa kwamitsempha yamagazi, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwawo sikupitilira malire okhazikitsidwa.

Cholesterol

Kodi munthu wathanzi ayenera kukhala ndi cholesterol yotani? Pa mtundu uliwonse wa cholesterol m'thupi, chizolowezi chimakhazikitsidwa, zomwe zochulukazo zimakhala ndi zovuta. Pulogalamu yodziwitsa monga atherogenic coeffnty imagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ndiwofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yonse, kupatula HDL, kupita ku HDL yomwe. Monga lamulo, gawo ili sayenera kupitirira 3. Ngati chiwerengerochi ndi chachikulu ndikufikira mtengo wa 4, ndiye kuti izi zikutanthauza kuti cholesterol "yoyipa" idzayamba kudziunjikira pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira zowawa zaumoyo. C cholesterol yonse imakhudzidwanso, zomwe zimasiyana kwa anthu amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana komanso akazi.

Chithunzi: Jarun Ontakrai / Shutterstock.com

Ngati titenga phindu kwa zaka zonse komanso amuna ndi akazi, ndiye kuti cholesterol, yomwe imawonedwa kuti ndi yotetezeka, ndi ya cholesterol yokwanira - 5 mmol / l, ya LDL - 4 mmol / l.

Ndi cholesterol yowonjezereka ndikuzindikira kuthekera kwa matenda amtima, magawo ena azidziwitso amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro - thyroxin yaulere, cholozera cha prothrombin - gawo lomwe limakhudza kugunda kwa magazi ndi kuwundana kwa magazi, komanso mulingo wa hemoglobin.

Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti 60% ya okalamba ali ndi zomwe zikuwonjezeka za LDL komanso zotsika za HDL.

Komabe, machitidwe, chikhalidwe cha cholesterol m'magazi sichimodzimodzi pamazaka osiyanasiyana, komanso kwa amuna ndi akazi onse. Ndi zaka, nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumakwera. Zowona, muukalamba, pambuyo pa m'badwo wina mwa amuna, cholesterol imayamba kutsikanso. Muyezo wa cholesterol yamagazi mwa akazi ndiwopamwamba kuposa amuna. Komabe, kwa akazi, kuyika kwa cholesterol "yoyipa" pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi sikumadziwika bwino. Izi ndichifukwa champhamvu chotchinga cha mahomoni ogonana achikazi.

Mitundu ya cholesterol ya amuna a mibadwo yosiyana

Mitundu ya cholesterol ya akazi amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana

Komanso, azimayi amatha kukomoka pang'ono mu cholesterol yonse panthawi yapakati. Iyi ndi njira yabwinobwino yolumikizidwira kukonzanso kwakumanja kwa mahomoni.

Kuphatikiza apo, matenda ena angayambitse kuchuluka kwa pathological m'magazi a cholesterol. Mwachitsanzo, matendawa amaphatikizapo hypothyroidism. Izi ndichifukwa choti mahomoni a chithokomiro ndi omwe amawongolera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi, ndipo ngati chithokomiro sichitulutsa mahomoni okwanira, ndiye kuti cholesterol yofunikira m'magazi imaposa.

Komanso, polingalira zotsatira za mayeso a cholesterol, nyengoyo iyenera kukumbukiridwa. Mwa anthu ambiri, kusinthasintha makamaka kumachitika nthawi yozizira. Nthawi yomweyo, cholesterol yathunthu, yomwe ndi yamtengo wapatali, imatha kuwonjezeka ndi ochepa (pafupifupi 2-4%). Cholesterol mwa akazi amathanso kusinthasintha, kutengera gawo la msambo.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuganizira za mafuko kuyenera kuganiziridwanso. Zodziwika, mwachitsanzo, kuti mafuta wamba amafuta a cholesterol ndiokwera kwambiri kwa anthu aku South Asia kuposa azungu.

Komanso, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndi:

• matenda a chiwindi ndi impso,
• kusayenda kwa bile (cholestasis),
• chifuwa chachikulu,
• Matenda a Girke
• kunenepa
• matenda ashuga
• gout
• uchidakwa
• chibadwire.

Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yabwino" kumakhudzanso thanzi la munthu. Chizindikiro ichi mwa anthu athanzi chimayenera kukhala 1 mmol / L. Ngati munthu akudwala matenda amtima, ndiye kuti muyezo wa cholesterol wa HDL ndi wapamwamba kwa iye - 1.5 mmol / l.

Ndikofunikanso kuganizira mulingo wa triglycerides. Chikhalidwe cha cholesterol iyi pamaukwati onse ndi 2-2.2 mmol / L. Ngati cholesterol yamtunduwu imakhala yapamwamba kuposa yachilendo, ndiye kuti vutoli liyenera kukonza.

Momwe mungayang'anire cholesterol

Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira nthawi zonse kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukayezetsa magazi a cholesterol. Nthawi zambiri njirayi imachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Maola 12 asanakonzedwe, simuyenera kudya chilichonse, ndipo mumangomwa madzi opanda kanthu. Ngati mankhwala atengedwa omwe amathandizira ku cholesterol, ndiye kuti iyeneranso kutayidwa panthawiyi. Muyeneranso kuwonetsetsa kuti nthawi isanadutse mayeso sipakhala kupsinjika kwakuthupi kapena kwamaganizidwe.

Kusanthula kungatengedwe ku chipatala. Magazi okwanira 5 ml amatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha. Palinso zida zapadera zomwe zimakulolani kuyeza cholesterol kunyumba. Amakhala ndi zingwe zoyeserera zotayika.

Ndi magulu ati omwe ali pachiwopsezo chomwe amayesa magazi a cholesterol makamaka? Anthu awa akuphatikiza:

• amuna zaka 40
• azimayi atasiya kusamba
• odwala matenda ashuga
• kukhala ndi vuto la mtima kapena stroke,
• onenepa kapena wonenepa kwambiri
• kumakhala moyo wongokhala.
• osuta.

Momwe mungachepetse cholesterol yamagazi?

Momwe mungachepetse cholesterol ya magazi anu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa sikupitilira muyeso? Choyamba, muyenera kuyang'anira zakudya zanu. Ngakhale munthu atakhala ndi cholesterol yabwinobwino, sayenera kunyalanyaza zakudya zoyenera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudya zakudya zochepa zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol "yoyipa". Zakudya zofananira monga izi:

• mafuta a nyama
• mazira
• batala
• wowawasa zonona
• mafuta kanyumba tchizi
• tchizi
• caviar
• buledi wa batala
• mowa

Inde, zoletsa pazakudya ziyenera kukhala zomveka. Kupatula apo, mazira omwewo ndi mkaka zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri othandiza komanso kufufuza zinthu za thupi. Chifukwa chake pang'ono Apa mutha kuyambitsa zokonda zamitundu yochepa yamafuta, mwachitsanzo, malonda amkaka okhala ndi mafuta ochepa. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa masamba ndi zipatso zazakudya. Ndi bwinonso kupewa zakudya zokazinga. M'malo mwake, mungakonde zakudya zophika ndi zosanja.

Zakudya zoyenera ndizofunikira pakuthandizira kuti pakhale cholesterol yoyipa, koma sizikhala chokhacho. Zotsatira zoyipa za cholesterol sizikhala zolimbitsa thupi. Zapezeka kuti masewera olimbitsa thupi amawotcha cholesterol yabwino "yoyipa". Chifukwa chake, mutatha kudya zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Pankhaniyi, kuyenda kosavuta kungakhale kothandiza. Mwa njira, zolimbitsa thupi zimachepetsa cholesterol "yoyipa" chokha, pomwe chidwi cha cholesterol "chabwino" chikuwonjezeka.

Kuphatikiza pa njira zachilengedwe zochepetsera cholesterol ndende - zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, dokotala atha kukulemberani mankhwala apadera kuti muchepetse cholesterol - ma statins. Mfundo zawo zimakhazikika pakuletsa ma enzyme omwe amapanga cholesterol yoyipa ndikuwonjezera kupanga cholesterol yabwino. Komabe, ayenera kumwedwa mosamala, makamaka poti palibe zotsatira zoyipa zingapo komanso kubwanya.

Mankhwala ochepetsa kwambiri mafuta a cholesterol:

• Atorvastatin
• Simvastatin
• Lovostatin,
• Ezetemib
• Nicotinic acid

Gulu lina la mankhwala othandizira cholesterol ndi fibrin. Mfundo ya zochita zawo imakhazikitsidwa ndi kukhathamiritsa kwamafuta mwachindunji m'chiwindi. Komanso, kuti muchepetse cholesterol, mankhwala amaikidwa omwe amakhala ndi mafuta a polyunsaturated acids, mavitamini.

Komabe, mukamamwa mankhwala kuti muchepetse cholesterol yambiri, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti sizichotsa chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala a cholesterol - kunenepa kwambiri, moyo wokhazikika, zizolowezi, matenda ashuga, ndi zina zambiri.

Cholesterol wotsika

Nthawi zina zinthu zotsutsana zimatha kuchitika - kutsitsa cholesterol m'thupi. Izi sizili bwino. Kuperewera kwa cholesterol kumatanthawuza kuti thupi palibe poti lingatenge zinthu kuti lipange mahomoni ndikupanga maselo atsopano. Izi zimakhala zowopsa makamaka kumanjenje ndi ubongo, ndipo zimatha kubweretsa kukhumudwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa kukumbukira. Zinthu zotsatirazi zimatha kuyambitsa cholesterol yocheperako:

• kusala
• cachexia
• malabsorption syndrome,
• hyperthyroidism
• sepsis
• kuwotcha kwakukulu
• matenda oopsa a chiwindi
• sepsis
• chifuwa chachikulu
• mitundu ina ya magazi m'thupi,
• kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Mao inhibitors, interferon, estrogens).

Pofuna kuwonjezera cholesterol, zakudya zina zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Choyamba, ndi chiwindi, mazira, tchizi, caviar.

Kodi chabwino ndi choyipa ndani?

Nthawi zonse "kumanyoza" zinthuzi, anthu amaiwala kuti ndikofunikira kwa munthu, chifukwa zimabweretsa zabwino zambiri. Kodi cholesterol yabwino ndi chiani ndipo chifukwa chiyani singathe kuchotsedwa m'miyoyo yathu? Chifukwa chake mfundo zake zabwino:

• Mowa wachiwiri wa monohydric, chinthu chokhala ngati mafuta chotchedwa cholesterol, m'malo ake omasuka, limodzi ndi ma phospholipids, ndi gawo limodzi la mapangidwe a lipid a ziwalo zam'mimba ndipo amatsimikizira kukhazikika kwawo.
• Kuwonongeka kwa cholesterol m'thupi la munthu kumagwira ntchito monga gwero la kupangika kwa mahomoni a adrenal cortex (corticosteroids), vitamini D₃ ndi ma acid acids, omwe amatenga mbali ya emulsifiers yamafuta, ndiye kuti, ndiwotsogola kwa zinthu zothandiza kwambiri kwachilengedwe.

Koma mbali inayo cholesterol imatha kukhala mavuto ambiri:

Cholesterol ndiye woyamba wa nthenda ya ndulu, ngati ndende yake mu ndulu ikupitilira malire ovomerezeka, samasungunuka bwino m'madzi ndipo, itafika pamalowo, imapanga mipira yolimba - ma gallstones, omwe amatha kutsekeka ndulu ya bile. Kuwopseza kupweteka kosaletseka mu hypochondrium yoyenera (pachimake cholecystitis) kumatsimikiziridwa, chipatala sichingagawidwe nawo.

Kapangidwe ka cholesterol plaque ndi kuchepa kwa magazi ndi chiopsezo chotumphukira chotengera

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zoyipa za cholesterol imadziwika kuti ndi gawo lake mwachindunji pakupanga zolembera za atherosrance pamakoma a ziwiya zam'mbuyo (chitukuko cha njira ya atherosulinotic). Ntchitoyi imagwiridwa ndi omwe amadziwika kuti atherogenic cholesterol kapena otsika komanso otsika kwambiri ochepetsa lipoproteins (LDL ndi VLDL), omwe amachititsa 2/3 a kuchuluka kwa magazi a m'magazi a m'magazi. Zowona, anti-atherogenic high-density lipoproteins (HDL) yomwe imateteza khoma lamankhwala amayesa kuthana ndi cholesterol "yoyipa", koma imakhala yocheperako 2 (1/3 yonse).

Odwala nthawi zambiri amakambirana pakati pawo zoipa za cholesterol, kugawana zomwe akumana nazo ndi maphikidwe a momwe angatsitsire, koma zimatha kukhala zopanda pake ngati mungachite mwachisawawa. Zakudya, mankhwala wowerengeka ndi njira yatsopano yokhazikitsira thanzi zimathandizira kuchepetsa magazi m'thupi (kachiwiri - chiyani?) Kuti mumvetsetse bwino nkhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti musangotenga cholesterol yonse ngati maziko, kuti musinthe mfundo zake, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi magawo ati omwe amayenera kutsitsidwa kuti ena athe kubwerera kwawonso.

Momwe mungasinthire kusanthula?

Mafuta a cholesterol m'magazi sayenera kupitirira 5.2 mmol / l, Komabe, mtengo wamtengo wapatali wofika 5.0 sungapereke chidaliro chonse kuti zonse zili bwino mwa munthu, popeza zomwe zili mu cholesterol sizizindikiro chodalirika. Mlingo wabwinobwino wa cholesterol mwanjira inayake imapangidwa ndi zizindikiro zosiyana, zomwe sizingadziwike popanda kusanthula kwapadera kotchedwa lipid spectrum.

Kapangidwe ka LDL cholesterol (atherogenic lipoprotein), kuwonjezera pa LDL, kumaphatikizanso lipoprotein (VLDL) yotsika kwambiri komanso zotulutsa (zomwe zimatchedwa zotsalira kuchokera pakusintha kwa VLDL kupita ku LDL). Zonsezi zingaoneke ngati zovuta kwambiri, komabe, ngati mungayang'ane, aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi amatha kudziwa kuwongolera kwa mawonekedwe a lipid.

Nthawi zambiri, pochita kafukufuku wa biochemical wa cholesterol ndi tizigawo ting'onoting'ono timakhala:

• C cholesterol yonse (yabwinobwino mpaka 5.2 mmol / l kapena ochepera 200 mg / dl).
• "Galimoto" yayikulu yama cholesterol esters ndi low-kachulukidwe lipoproteins (LDL). Iwo mwa munthu wathanzi amakhala ndi zawo 60-65% yazonse (kapena cholesterol) LDL (LDL + VLDL) sapitirira 3,37 mmol / L) Mwa odwala omwe adakhudzidwa kale ndi atherosulinosis, matimu a LDL-C akhoza kuchuluka, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zomwe anti-atherogenic lipoproteins, ndiye, chizindikiro ichi ndi chothandiza kwambiri pankhani ya atherosulinosis kuposa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yokwanira m'magazi.
• High osalimba lipoproteins (HDL cholesterol kapena HDL-C), yomwe imayenera kukhala yayikulu mwa akazi kuposa 1.68 mmol / l (mwa amuna, malire akumunsi ndi osiyana - kumtunda 1.3 mmol / l) M'magawo ena, mutha kupeza manambala osiyana (mwa akazi - pamwambapa 1.9 mmol / l kapena 500-600 mg / l, mwa amuna - pamtunda wa 1.6 kapena 400-500 mg / l), zimatengera mawonekedwe a ma reagents ndi njira kuchita zomwe zimachitika. Ngati mulingo wa cholesterol ya HDL utakhala wochepera kuposa zovomerezeka, sangateteze zombozo kwathunthu.
• Chizindikiro monga coheroffic zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa njira ya atherosulinotic, koma osati njira yayikulu yopezera matenda, imawerengedwa ndi formula: KA = (OX - HDL-HDL): HDL-HD, mfundo zake zabwinobwino zimachokera ku 2-3.

Cholesterol amawerengera kuti azisankha magawo onse payokha. Mwachitsanzo, VLDLP ikhoza kuwerengedwa mosavuta kuchokera ku kuchuluka kwa triglycerides malinga ndi formula (XL-VLDLP = TG: 2.2) kapena kuchokera ku cholesterol yonse, chotsani kuchuluka kwa lipoprotein okwera kwambiri komanso otsika kwambiri ndikupeza LDL-C. Mwina owerenga apeza kuti kuwerengera sikusangalatsa, chifukwa zimangoperekedwa pazolinga zophunzitsira (kukhala ndi lingaliro la zigawo za mawonekedwe a lipid). Mulimonsemo, dokotala akuchita zodzikongoletsa, amapanganso mawerengeso ofunikira omwe angamupatse chidwi.

Ndi za kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'mwazi

Mwinanso owerenga adakumana ndi chidziwitso kuti chizolowezi cha cholesterol m'magazi chimafika 7.8 mmol / L. Kenako amatha kulingalira zomwe katswiri wamtimayu adzanena atawona kusanthula koteroko. Motsimikizika - adzalemba mtundu wonse wa lipid. Chifukwa chake, kamodzinso: chizindikiro chimawonetsedwa ngati cholesterol yachilendo mpaka 5.2 mmol / l (zofunikira), malire a mpaka 6.5 mmol / l (chiopsezo chotenga matenda a mtima!), ndipo zonse zomwe zimakhala zokwera zimakwezedwa molingana (cholesterol ndiyowopsa pamitundu yayikulu ndipo, mwina, njira ya atherosulinotic ikukula kwathunthu).

Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yathunthu pamtunda wa 5.2 - 6.5 mmol / L ndiye maziko a mayeso omwe amawona kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ya antiatherogenic lipoproteins (HDL-C). Kusanthula kolesterol kuyenera kuchitika pambuyo pa masabata 2 mpaka 4 osasiya kudya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, mayesowo amabwerezedwa miyezi itatu iliyonse.

Za mzere wapansi

Aliyense amadziwa ndikulankhula za cholesterol yayikulu, amayesa kuchepetsa ndi njira zonse zomwe zingapezeke, koma samaganizira zochepa zomwe zimachitika. Zili ngati kuti kulibeko. Pakadali pano cholesterol yotsika magazi imatha kupezeka ndipo imayendera limodzi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri:

1. Kusala kudya kwanthawi yayitali mpaka kutopa.
2. Njira za Neoplastic (kufooka kwa munthu ndi mayamwidwe a cholesterol m'mwazi wake ndi neoplasm yoyipa).
3. Kuwonongeka kwambiri kwa chiwindi (gawo lotsiriza la matenda enaake, kusintha kosasintha ndi zotupa zopweteka za parenchyma).
4. Matenda am'mapapu (chifuwa chachikulu, sarcoidosis).
5. Hyperthyroidism.
6. Anemia (megaloblastic, thalassemia).
7. Zilonda za mkati mwa dongosolo lamkati (lamanjenje lamkati).
8. Kutentha kwanthawi yayitali.
9. Typhus.
10. Kuwotcha ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu pakhungu.
11. Kutupa mu minofu yofewa ndi supplement.
12. Sepsis.

Ponena za zigawo za cholesterol, zilinso ndi malire. Mwachitsanzo kutsitsa kwambiri-kachulukidwe lipoprotein cholesterol kupitirira 0,9 mmol / l (anti-atherogenic) amagwirizana ndi zoopsa matenda a mtima (kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zizolowezi zoipa, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa), ndiye kuti, zikuwonekeratu kuti anthu amakhala ndi chizolowezi, chifukwa zotengera zawo sizitetezedwa, chifukwa HDL imakhala yocheperako mosavomerezeka.

Mafuta ochepa a cholesterol, omwe akuimira otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins (LDL), amawonedwa munthawi yomweyo monga cholesterol yathunthu (kufooka, zotupa, chiwindi, mapapu, kuchepa magazi, ndi zina zambiri).

Mafuta a cholesterol amakwezedwa

Choyamba, ponena za zoyambitsa cholesterol yayikulu, ngakhale, mwina, adadziwika kale kwa aliyense:

• Chakudya chathu ndipo koposa zonse, zogulitsa nyama (nyama, mkaka wamafuta athunthu, mazira, tchizi zamitundu yonse) zokhala ndi mafuta achilengedwe ndi cholesterol.Kudya kwa tchipisi ndi mitundu yonse yazakudya zothamanga, chokoma, chokhutiritsa chokhala ndi mafuta osiyanasiyana a trans sichilinso bwino. Kutsiliza: cholesterol yotere ndi yoopsa ndipo imayenera kupewedwa.
• Kulemera kwa thupi - Kuchulukitsa kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa triglycerides ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins yapamwamba (anti-atherogenic).
• Zochita zolimbitsa thupi. Hypodynamia imakhala pachiwopsezo.
• Zaka pambuyo 50 ndi amuna amuna.
• Khalidweli. Nthawi zina cholesterol yapamwamba imakhala vuto labanja.
• Kusuta osati kuti idachulukitsa cholesterol yathunthu, koma imachepetsa bwino gawo lachigawo chodzitetezera (cholesterol - HDL).
• Kumwa mankhwala ena ake (mahomoni, ma diuretics, beta-blockers).

Chifukwa chake, sizovuta kudziwa kuti ndiyani woyamba kupatsidwa kusanthula kwa cholesterol.

Matenda Akulu a Cholesterol

Ngati zambiri zanenedwa za kuopsa kwa cholesterol yayikulu ndi magwero azinthu zoterezi, ndiye kuti mwina zingakhale zofunikira kuzindikira kuti chizindikirochi chiziwonjezeka chifukwa nawonso mpaka pamlingo wina wake angayambitse cholesterol yayikulu magazi:

1. Herederal metabolic vuto (mabanja amasiyana chifukwa cha kusowa kwa metabolic). Monga lamulo, awa ndi mitundu yoopsa, yodziwika ndi kuwonekera koyambirira komanso kukana kwapadera pazithandizo zochizira,
2. Matenda a mtima
3. Matenda osiyanasiyana a chiwindi (hepatitis, jaundice osati a hepatic kochokera, jaundice ovuta, matenda oyamba a biliary cirrhosis),
4. Matenda akulu a impso ndi kulephera kwaimpso ndi edema:
5. Hypofunction of the chithokomiro England (hypothyroidism),
6. Matenda otupa ndi chotupa cha kapamba (kapamba, khansa),
7. Matenda a shuga (ndikosavuta kuyerekeza munthu wodwala matenda ashuga wopanda cholesterol - izi zimafanana,)
8. Matenda a pituitary gland ndi kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa somatotropin,
9. Kunenepa kwambiri
10. Uchidakwa (mwa oledzera omwe amamwa koma osadya, cholesterol imakwezedwa, koma atherosulinosis samakula nthawi zambiri),
11. Mimba (vutoli ndi losakhalitsa, thupi limakonza zonse nthawi ikatha, koma zakudya ndi zina zomwe sizingasokoneze mayi wapakati).

Zachidziwikire, muzochitika zotere, odwala samaganiziranso momwe angachepetse cholesterol, zoyesayesa zonse zimalimbana ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa. Eya, omwe sanakhalebe oyipa kwambiri ali ndi mwayi wosunga mitsempha yamagazi, koma kuwabwezeretsa ku boma lawo lomwe silikugwira ntchito.

Kuwongolera kwa cholesterol

Munthu akangodziwa za mavuto ake mu lipid sipekitiramu, kuwerenga mabuku pamutu, kumvetsera zonena za madotolo ndi anthu odziwa zambiri, kufunafuna kwake koyamba kunali kotsitsa mulingo wa zinthu zovulazazi, ndiye kuti, kuyamba kulandira mankhwala a cholesterol yayikulu.

Anthu osaleza mtima amafunsidwa kuti apereke mankhwala mwachangu, ena amakonda kuchita popanda "chemistry". Tiyenera kudziwa kuti otsutsa mankhwalawa ali olondola - muyenera kusintha nokha. Kuti achite izi, odwala amatembenukira ku chakudya cha hypocholesterol ndikukhala azinyama pang'ono kuti amasule magazi awo pazinthu "zoyipa" ndikuletsa atsopano kuti asatenge zakudya zamafuta.

Chakudya ndi cholesterol:

Munthu amasintha malingaliro ake, amayesa kuyenda kwambiri, kuyendera dziwe, amakonda kupuma mokangalika mu mpweya watsopano, amachotsa zizolowezi zoyipa. Kwa anthu ena, kufunitsitsa kutsitsa cholesterol kumakhala tanthauzo la moyo, ndipo amayamba kuchita nawo thanzi. Ndipo zili choncho!

Kodi chofunikira ndi chiyani kuti muchite bwino?

Mwa zina, pofufuza njira yothandiza kwambiri yothanirana ndi mavuto a cholesterol, anthu ambiri amakonda ziwiya zoyeretsera zomwe zimapezeka kale pamakoma a mitsempha ndikuziwononga m'malo ena.Cholesterol ndiyowopsa mwanjira inayake (cholesterol - LDL, cholesterol - VLDL) ndipo kuvulaza kwake ndikuti kumathandizira kupanga mapangidwe atherosranceotic pamakoma a zombo zama arterial. Zochitika zotere (zolembera zamalamulo), mosakayikira, zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino potsatira kuyeretsa konsekonse, kupewa kudziunjikira kwakukulu kwa zinthu zovulaza, ndikuletsa kukula kwa njira ya atherosranceotic. Komabe, ponena za kuchotsedwa kwa cholesterol malo, apa muyenera kukhumudwitsa wowerenga pang'ono. Akapangidwa, samapitanso kulikonse. Chachikulu ndikuletsa mapangidwe atsopano, ndipo izi zikhala zikuyenda bwino.

Zikafika patali kwambiri, mankhwala azikhalidwe amasiya kugwira ntchito, ndipo zakudya sizikuthandizanso, dokotala amakupatsani mankhwala omwe amachepetsa cholesterol (mwina, awa adzakhala ma statins).

Chithandizo chovuta

Statins (lovastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin, ndi zina), kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yomwe imapangidwa ndi chiwindi cha wodwalayo, kuchepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda am'mimba (ischemic stroke) ndi myocardium, ndipo, potero, amathandizira wodwalayo kuti apewe kufa ku matenda awa. Kuphatikiza apo, palinso ma statins (vitorin, Advikor, cadova) omwe samangochepetsa zomwe zimapezeka m'thupi, komanso zimagwira ntchito zina, mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "choyipa" komanso "chabwino".

Mwayi wolandila chithandizo chamankhwala mukangotsimikiza mawonekedwe a lipid amawonjezeka atodwala matenda a shuga, matenda oopsa oopsa, mavuto amitsempha yama coronary, chifukwa chiopsezo chotenga myocardial infarction ndichokwera kwambiri.

Palibe chifukwa chomwe muyenera kutsatira upangiri wa abwenzi, World Wide Web ndi zina zopanda pake. Mankhwala m'gululi amalembedwa ndi adokotala okha! Ma Statins samaphatikizidwa nthawi zonse ndi mankhwala ena omwe wodwalayo amakakamizidwa kumangotenga nthawi zonse pamaso pa matenda osachiritsika, chifukwa chake kudziyimira pawokha sikungakhale koyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, munthawi ya chithandizo cha cholesterol yayikulu, adokotala akupitiliza kuwunika momwe wodwalayo alili, amawunikira mawonekedwe a lipid, othandizira kapena othandizira mankhwala.

Ndani woyamba pa mzere kusanthula?

Palibe amene angayembekezere kuwoneka kwa lipid mndandanda wazotsatira zamaphunziro azamachitidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa ana. Kuwunikira kwa cholesterol nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuperekedwa ndi anthu omwe akudziwa zambiri pamoyo, nthawi zambiri amuna ndi gulu lolimbitsa thupi, lolemedwa ndi kupezeka kwa ziwopsezo komanso chiwonetsero choyambirira cha njira ya atherosulinotic. Zina mwazomwe zimapangitsa mayeso oyenera ndi:

• Matenda amtima, ndipo choyambirira, matenda amtima (odwala matenda a mtima apamtima amadziwa zambiri za lipid kuposa ena),
• Matenda oopsa
• Xanthomas ndi xanthelasms,
• Kukweza seramu uric acid, (hyperuricemia),
• Kukhalapo kwa zizolowezi zoipa munthawi ya kusuta,
• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni a corticosteroid, okodzetsa, beta-blockers.
• Chithandizo cha mankhwala omwe amachepetsa cholesterol (statins).

Kuwunika kwa cholesterol kumatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera m'mitsempha. Madzulo a phunzirolo, wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira zakudya zama hypocholesterol ndikusala kudya kwakanthawi mpaka maola 14-16, komabe, adokotala amamuuza izi.

Chizindikiro cha cholesterol yathunthu imatsimikiziridwa mu seramu ya magazi pambuyo pa centrifugation, triglycerides, nayenso, koma kuwongolera kwa tizigawo kuyenera kuchitika, izi ndizowerengera nthawi yambiri, koma mulimonsemo, wodwalayo adziwa zazotsatira zake kumapeto kwa tsiku. Zoyenera kuchita kenako - kulimbikitsani manambala ndi dokotala.